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Peter Edmonds QGM (1948–2005) was a British police officer who received the Queens Gallantry Medal for bravery.
Policing career
Edmonds joined the Metropolitan Police Service in 1971; he spent most of his career within the CID and reached the rank of Detective Sergeant. His tenure as a police officer saw a number of achievements and commendations, most notably for his role in helping to prevent the kidnap attempt of Princess Anne in The Mall, London on 20 March 1974.
Edmonds was on duty as a temporary detective constable at Cannon Row police station when the call about the attack was received. He drove to the scene in his own car, and saw a man with a gun running across St James's Park. Edmonds gave chase and, although threatened with the gun, brought the would-be kidnapper to the ground and arrested him.
Princess Anne had been returning to Buckingham Palace from an official function with her then husband, Captain Mark Phillips, when a small car slewed in front of the royal limousine and braked sharply. A 26-year-old man, Ian Ball, leaped out brandishing two handguns, smashed one of the car's windows and, pointing a gun directly at the princess and Captain Phillips, ordered them to alight. Inspector James Beaton, the princess's protection officer, drew his firearm and confronted him, but was shot three times; he was later awarded the George Cross. In the end it was left to Edmonds to capture Ball, who was subsequently sentenced to indefinite detention under the Mental Health Act.
As a detective, Edmonds served mainly in the East End and had several spells in such units as the stolen car squad. Three years after the incident in The Mall, Edmonds and a detective sergeant were confronted by a gunman who had stolen a car to rob a post office. The robber ordered Edmonds and the detective sergeant to raise their hands, then turned and ran, firing as he went. The two detectives eventually overpowered him, and Edmonds received a Commissioner's High Commendation.
Edmonds retired from the Metropolitan Police as a detective sergeant in 1998. During his service he had been commended by an Old Bailey judge, the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Bow Street magistrates; he had been awarded two Commissioner's High Commendations and received five Commendations for bravery and detective ability.
Personal life
Peter Roy Edmonds was born in Nottingham on 8 December 1948. His parents moved to Plymouth where Edmonds was educated at local schools. Relatively well known in the local live music circuit in 1960s Devon, Edmonds played keyboard and other instruments in bands such as Plymouth Sound. He became an apprentice shipwright at Devonport dockyard, but later went to South Africa for two years to work in a shipyard at Durban. On returning to England, he became a maintenance engineer in London before joining the Metropolitan Police.
After retiring to Devon, Edmonds pursued his hobbies of building restoration, surfing and music. He achieved his life-long ambition of visiting New Orleans and playing keyboards with various groups.
Edmonds died of a heart attack in Dolton Village, North Devon on 4 March 2005, and is survived by three children and six grand-children.
References
Further reading
1948 births
2005 deaths
Metropolitan Police officers
Recipients of the Queen's Gallantry Medal |
Hemibungarus calligaster is a species of venomous elapid snake, commonly known as the barred coral snake.
Distribution
This species is endemic to the Philippines.
References
Hemibungarus
Reptiles of the Philippines
Endemic fauna of the Philippines
Reptiles described in 1835
Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann |
The Forty-First () is a 1956 Soviet film based on the eponymous novel by Boris Lavrenyov. It was directed by Grigori Chukhrai and starred Izolda Izvitskaya and Oleg Strizhenov. The film, a remake of the 1927 movie with the same name, is set during the Russian Civil War and tells the story of a tragic romance between a female sniper of the Red Army and an officer of the White Army.
Plot
In 1919, during the Russian Civil War, a small force of Red Army soldiers that survived a crushing defeat by the Whites is forced to flee into the Karakum Desert. Among them is female sniper Maria, who has already claimed thirty-eight enemies dead. When the unit ambushes a camel caravan transporting White soldiers, she kills two of them and tries to shoot their officer, who will be her forty-first, but misses. The man, a lieutenant named Govorukha-Otrok, is carrying a letter from Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak to General Anton Denikin that states he has secret information to be conveyed orally to General Dratsekno. Maria is entrusted with guarding him. Tensions arise between the two: the officer is a well-educated aristocrat who is both amused and impressed by the crude attempts of Maria, a fisherman's orphan daughter, to compose Agitprop poetry. When their camels are stolen, their commander decides to send his captive on a boat to their headquarters in Kazalinsk via the Aral Sea. The vessel capsizes in a sudden storm, and only Maria and Otrok remain alive, stranded on an isolated island. The Red soldier treats the White officer when he catches a fever and is slowly charmed by his manners, while he is overcome with gratitude and begins to call her 'Man Friday' with affection. When she demands to know what he means, he tells her the story about Robinson Crusoe. The two fall in love and seem to forget about the war.
When a boat approaches their isle, they first think these are fishermen and run toward them. Otrok recognizes them as White soldiers, intends to join them, and encourages Maria to come with him, promising her she will be safe. Instead, Maria shoots him in the back, killing him.
Cast
Izolda Izvitskaya as Maria 'Maryutka' Filatovna Basova
Oleg Strizhenov as Lieutenant Vadim Nikolaevich Govorukha-Otrok
Nikolai Kryuchkov as Commissar Arsentiy Yevsyukov
Assanbek Umuraliyev as Umankul
Nikolay Dupak as Chupilko
Pyotr Lyubeshkin as Guzhov
Georgi Shapovalov as Terentyev
Danil Netrebin as Semyanin
Anatoli Kokorin as Yegorov
Muratbek Ryskulov as caravan master
T. Sardarbekova as Aul girl
Kirey Zharkimbayev as Timerkul, Aul elder
Vadim Zakharchenko as Lieutenant Kuchkovskiy
S. Solonitsky as White colonel
Alexander Grechany as Prokopych
Nikolai Khryashchikov as the Yesaul
Background and production
The film was based on the story of the same name by Boris Lavrenyov, which had already been filmed as a silent film by Yakov Protazanov in 1927. In a 1956 letter to the literary historian Boris Geronimus, Lavrenyov wrote: "I never needed any documentary sources for writing The Wind [Veter, 1924] and The Forty-First. All the things that came into these two novellas were based on my own experiences and are about the real people I came to know personally. The character of Maryutka [Maria Filatovna Basova] had been taken by me wholesale from Anya Vlasova, the real girl, who'd volunteered for the Red Army and served at the Turk[estan] Front. Later she often visited the offices of Krasnaya Zvezda with her extremely touching, but totally ridiculous poems, one of which I quoted in the novella, without making any change. And Govorukha-Otrok was a real-life poruchik, who'd been captured by one of our cavalry units in Priaralye. So what I did was arrange for these two real people a fictitious meeting and thus came up with their robinzonada on the isle of Barsa-Kelmes."
The film was Grigori Chukhrai's directorial debut. The Mosfilm directorate was reluctant to authorize Koltunov's script, as the portrayal of a love story between Red and White soldiers was deemed inappropriate: the script had to be revised six times. However, Chukhrai had the support of the eminent directors Ivan Pyryev and Mikhail Romm. When the screenplay was discussed in the directorate on 19 April 1955 and several of those present raised the issue, Romm said: "very well! Let every girl fall in love with the enemy and then kill him [in deference to her patriotism]." As this form of ending was considered to be a prime example of socialist realism, it was approved for filming.
Principal photography commenced in spring 1956 and ended in the summer. It was conducted in the Turkmen SSR, in the vicinity of Krasnovodsk and on the Caspian Sea's Cheleken Peninsula; the latter served as the location for the island scenes.
Reception
The Forty-First attracted 25.1 million viewers in the Soviet Union, becoming the tenth most successful picture at the 1956 box office. At the Mosfilm Festival of Young Filmmakers held between 12 and 15 April that year, the film won in the categories for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Cinematography. At the 1957 Edinburgh International Film Festival it won an Honorary Diploma. At the 1957 Cannes Film Festival, it also won the Special Jury Prize and was nominated for the Palme d'Or.
See also
The Forty-First (1927 film)
References
External links
1956 films
1956 romantic drama films
Soviet war drama films
Soviet romantic drama films
Russian romantic drama films
Russian Civil War films
1950s war drama films
War romance films
Films set in 1919
Films set in deserts
Films set in Kazakhstan
Films set on islands
Films shot in Turkmenistan
Films directed by Grigori Chukhrai
Mosfilm films
Russian war drama films
1950s Russian-language films
Soviet epic films |
The Gods of Mars is a science fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs and the second of Burroughs' Barsoom series. It features the characters of John Carter and Carter's wife Dejah Thoris. It was first published in The All-Story as a five-part serial in the issues for January–May 1913. It was later published as a complete novel by A. C. McClurg in September, 1918 and in many editions subsequently.
Summary
As usual for him, Burroughs begins with a frame story that explains how he (Burroughs) came into possession of the text. At the end of the first book, A Princess of Mars, John Carter was unwillingly transported back to Earth. The story proper begins with his arrival back on Barsoom (Mars) after a ten-year separation with Dejah Thoris, their unborn child, and the Red Martian people of the nation of Helium, whom he has adopted as his own. Unfortunately, Carter materializes in the one place on Barsoom from which nobody is allowed to depart: the Valley Dor, which is the Barsoomian afterlife.
After John Carter's arrival, a boat of Green Martians on the River Iss are ambushed by the previously unknown Plant Men. The lone survivor is his friend Tars Tarkas, the Jeddak of Thark, who has taken the pilgrimage to the Valley Dor to find Carter. Having saved their own lives, Carter and Tars Tarkas discover that the Therns, a white-skinned race of self-proclaimed gods, have for eons deceived the Barsoomians elsewhere with the lie that the pilgrimage to the Valley Dor is a journey to paradise. Most arrivals are killed by the beasts who dwell here, and the survivors enslaved or eaten by Therns.
Carter and Tars Tarkas rescue Thuvia, a slave girl, and attempt to escape, capitalizing on the confusion caused by an attack by the Black Pirates of Barsoom upon the Therns. During the attack, Tars Tarkas and Thuvia hijack a Black Pirate flier, while Carter fights his way aboard another, killing all but one of the Pirates, and rescuing a captive Thern princess. From the captured Pirate Xodar, Carter learns that the Black Pirates, called the "First Born", also think of themselves as gods, and accordingly prey upon the Therns; and additionally identifies the captive Thern as Phaidor, daughter of the "Holy Hekkador" (high priest) of the Therns. When their flier is recaptured by the First Born and taken to their underground realm of Omean, Carter is taken before Issus, the self-proclaimed goddess of Barsoom, who dictates the Therns through secret communications which they mistake for divine revelation.
Issus takes Phaidor as a handmaiden for one Martian year; whereas Carter is imprisoned, with Xodar as his slave as punishment for being defeated by Carter. Thereafter Carter treats him with honor, and thus gains his friendship. In prison, they encounter a young man later identified as Carter's son Carthoris, with whom Carter is taken to a series of games wherein the previous year's handmaidens are killed and later eaten by Issus and her nobles. Carter leads a revolt of the prisoners, killing many of the First Born; and upon the suppression of their revolt, he and Carthoris escape via tunnels, and give themselves to guards unacquainted with the revolt to be returned to their prison. Upon hearing of the revolt, Xodar rejects Issus’ divinity and joins the others in escape. Upon later abandoning their aircraft, they encounter Thuvia, who describes the capture of Tars Tarkas by the green warriors of Warhoon (a clan rival to his own). Carter goes to rescue Tars Tarkas, but is discovered by his enemies. After a chase, Thuvia is sent on alone, mounted, while the men attempt a stand against the Warhoons. They are rescued by the Heliumetic navy but do not find Thuvia. Commanding one of the warships is Carter’s friend Kantos Kan but the fleet is commanded by Zat Arras, a Jed (chieftain) of the hostile client state of Zodanga, and Carter is suspected of returning from the Valley of Dor, which is punishable by death. Tardos Mors, the Jeddak of Helium, and Mors Kajak, the Jed of Hastor (the grandfather and father, respectively, of Dejah Thoris, and thus Carter’s in-laws) are absent from Helium, having led fleets in search of Carthoris. Later, Carter discovers that Dejah Thoris may have taken the pilgrimage to the Valley Dor to find him.
Upon returning to Helium, Carter is tried for heresy by the Zodangans; but the people of Helium do not tolerate this. Zat Arras imprisons Carter after he refuses Zat Arras' offer of freedom in exchange for endorsing Zat Arras as Jeddak of Helium, and is imprisoned for 365 days until his son frees him. Thereafter he goes to rescue Dejah Thoris with a fleet of 1,000 mighty battleships, 5,000 ten-man cruisers, 10,000 five-man scouting craft, and 100,000 one-man scouts, along with 900 large troopships and their escorts carrying 250,000 Green Martian warriors, all of which is manned by a million Heliumetic fighting men.
Near Omean, Carter is challenged first by the Therns with a fleet of thousands of battleships. Carter sends ten battleships to guard against the fleet of the First Born. He then lands 100,000 Green Martian warriors to attack the home of the Holy Therns and engages the Thern fleet. After the Green warriors dealt the Therns a heavy loss, Carter orders the Green warriors to embark back onto their transports, for the fleet had spotted another enemy fleet of 5,000 ships commanded by Zat Arras. Upon sighting of Zat Arras' fleet, the Therns resumed firing. Carter's fleet again engaged the Thern fleet and landed the Green warriors with orders to ravage the Therns even more fiercely.
While Carter was fighting the Therns, the ten battleships he sent to guard against the First Born were spotted to be retreating. For a moment, Carter allows himself to despair before joining his men in fighting. After taking a Thern ship, he joins Kantos Kan, who sprang his coup. Onboard Zat Arras' fleet, the Helimetic crews rose up against the Zodangan soldiery and took control of every ship in Zat Arras' fleet, with the exception of his flagship. Carter led a boarding party onto Zat Arras' flagship, and overwhelmed the Zodangan troops. Zat Arras threw himself overboard to his death after being ordered to surrender by Carter.
After seeing that the warships of the Therns and the First Born fought whenever they encountered each other, he ordered his Heliumetic ships to disengage and withdraw to the southwest of the battle. He also ordered the Green warriors to embark back onto their transports and for those transports to join the main fleet. Carter gave Xodar command of 5,000 battleships and the transports and sent him directly to the Temple of Issus, with orders to land in the garden of Issus or the surrounding plain. Carter, Carthoris, and Kantos Kan would lead the rest of the fleet (500 ships) to Omean, to attack through the pits under the temple. They captured a First Born submarine commanded by Yersted, who tells Carter that Dejah Thoris is still alive. Before, Carter had given her up as dead, before Yersted's information made him realize that a Mars year is 687 days, rather than the 365 days of an Earth year. From his force, Carter assembled a force of 5,000 men, to be led by Carthoris through the pits under the Temple of Issus.
However, the tunnels were being slowly flooded, due the pumps of Omean having been stopped. During the march, the water had risen to such a level that Carter was forced to call a portion of the troops to enter a diverging tunnel. Of the 3,000 troops (30 utans) that obeyed Carter, most escaped. Casualties were minimal. However, during the march, a chemical fire was started in the tunnel they were marching in, presumably by the First Born. Carter ordered some 2,000 troops up another tunnel. He doubled back to the flames to make sure that no soldier had been left behind. However, when he turned back to follow his men, he found a massive steel grating blocking the tunnel path. Before long, the smoke grew so intense that he was forced to go back down the tunnel in hopes of an easier death by drowning. However, he managed to escape through yet another tunnel, which led him directly to Dejah Thoris. He hid her in the pits from which he had just emerged, and went to find his men. He found himself in a chamber in which 500 men, both Red Martians and First Born, fought to the death. With the addition of Carter, the black lines broke and the First Born warriors ran. The men in the chamber also witnessed the charge of the Green warriors, which broke the thin black line defending the garden. Leading the survivors of the red force, guided by Carthoris, he went back to the pits where he hid Dejah Thoris. Finding her gone, Carthoris led him to Issus' chamber. Carter took her prisoner, and during the standoff, a full thousand red men broke into the chamber. Issus went insane, and during her mad rant, she told Carter that Dejah Thoris, Thuvia, and Phaidor are imprisoned in the Temple of the Sun, each of whose rooms opens only once per year. Issus put them there specifically to spite Carter, as Issus was aware that all three were in love with him. Carter and his men scramble to find the keys to their cell in time, but are unsuccessful. Immediately before their room closes, Phaidor attempts to kill Dejah Thoris, and her success or failure are left unknown. (The story is continued in the third book, Martian series, The Warlord of Mars.)
Writing
On March 4, 1912, Burrough's editor at All-Story Magazine, Newell Metcalf, wrote suggesting a sequel to Under the Moons of Mars (the original title of A Princess of Mars). The Valley of Dor, the River Iss and the Sea of Korus were all key locations in the Martian conception of heaven or the afterlife, which Burroughs had introduced in A Princess of Mars. Metcalf, who thought the appeal of these mystical locations might be strong for readers of the previous tale, suggested that John Carter could arrive from Earth at this location and be instrumental in exposing and destroying this religion as a falsehood. These ideas, which may have already occurred to Burroughs, appeared to be highly inspirational.
During 1912 Burroughs had been working on Tarzan of the Apes, which he finished in June of that year. By 20 September 1912 Burroughs had almost completed the sequel to A Princess of Mars, which was entitled The Gods of Mars. It was submitted on October 2, 1912. Metcalf had suggested killing off Dejah Thoris in the story, but Burroughs admitted to be unable to do so. Although readers had already complained about the suspense created at the end of A Princess of Mars, Burroughs once again, produced a story with a cliff hanger ending. The tale was advertised in the December 1912 issue of All-Story magazine.
Publication
The Gods of Mars was serialized in five parts in All-Story magazine, the first part published in January 1913 and the final part published in May 1913. Burroughs was paid $750 for the novel.
Introduction
Burroughs introduced A Princess of Mars, the first Barsoom Novel as though it were a factual account passed on to him personally. He imagines John Carter to be an avuncular figure known to his family for years who entrusted the manuscript of the novel to Burroughs for publication 21 years later. The Gods of Mars is the second Barsoom novel to use this device. John Carter 'visits' Burroughs 12 years after the events of A Princess of Mars, claiming to have mastered the secret of inter-planetary travel and stating this will be the last time he makes such a journey from his adopted home. However, the device was used in two further Barsoom novels, The Chessmen of Mars and Swords of Mars.
Genre
While the novel is an example of science fiction, it is most closely related to the planetary romance genre. The genre is similar to sword and sorcery, but includes scientific aspects. Planetary romances mostly take place on the surface of an alien world, frequently include sword fighting, monsters, supernatural elements such as telepathic abilities (as opposed to magic), and civilizations similar to Earth in pre-technological eras, particularly with the inclusion of kingdoms, empires or religious societies. Spacecraft may appear, but are not central to the story (something which makes these tales distinct from Space Opera, where spaceships are usually a key focus of the narrative). There were some Planetary Romances prior to the publication of the Barsoom novels, but A Princess of Mars and The Gods of Mars and other novels in the Barsoom series were the most influential on the numerous similar stories that were published subsequently.
Setting
Scientific basis
Burroughs's vision of Mars was loosely inspired by astronomical speculation of the time, especially that of Percival Lowell, who saw the planet as a formerly Earthlike world now becoming less hospitable to life due to its advanced age, whose inhabitants had built canals to bring water from the polar caps to irrigate the remaining arable land. Lowell was influenced by Italian astronomer, Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli, who in 1878, had observed features on Mars he called canali (Italian for "channels"). Mistranslation of this into English as "canals" fuelled belief the planet was inhabited. The theory of an inhabited planet with flowing water was disproved by data provided by Russian and American probes such as the two Viking missions which found a dead, frozen world where water does not exist in a fluid state.
The Valley of Dor, with the ring of cliffs around it and Sea of Korus within it, is placed in a mile-deep crater at Mars' South Pole. However, Burroughs makes a mistake in that he has the sun rise in the east and set in the west as elsewhere in the planet, and the moons are visible from the Valley. In reality, at the South Pole, Mars' moons would not be seen, and the sun would not rise in the east and set in the west (all directions away from the Pole are "north" in any case), but instead ring the cliffs for half the Martian year, and leave the area shrouded in darkness for the other half of the Martian year. In addition, unlike what one would expect at the south pole of Mars, the temperature in the Valley of Dor is mild and temperate, and although that may be accounted for by its being in a deep crater, the temperature in the Therns' fortress on the surrounding cliffs does not appear to be all that cold either.
World of Barsoom
A million years before the narrative commences, Mars was a lush world with oceans. As the oceans receded, and the atmosphere grew thin, the planet has devolved into a landscape of partial barbarism; living on an aging planet, with dwindling resources, the inhabitants of Barsoom have become hardened and warlike, fighting one another to survive. Barsoomians distribute scarce water supplies via a worldwide system of canals, controlled by quarreling city-states. The thinning Martian atmosphere is artificially replenished from an "atmosphere plant".
Themes
Race
Race is a major theme in the Barsoom novels. It is a world with clear territorial divisions between White, Yellow, Black, Red and Green skinned races. Each has particular traits and qualities, which seem to define the characters of almost every individual thereof. Nevertheless Burroughs' concept of race, as depicted in the novels, is more like a division between species than between ethnicity.
The first book, A Princess of Mars, introduced the tall, gangly, four-armed, orc-like Green Martians and the more common humanoid Red Martians. John Carter spent his first ten years on Mars without knowing of the existence of the other races, aside from ancient paintings and frescoes that depicted White Martians.
The Gods of Mars introduces two new races; the White-Skinned Therns and the Black-Skinned First Born, both of which are strongly connected to the Martian religion that John Carter exposed in the novel. Both are humanoid like the Reds, and indeed the Therns are close enough to whites on Earth that Carter was able to pose as one, and was easily mistaken for one.
Therns
The Therns are white skinned and bald, wearing blond wigs. They live in a well-fortified complex of gardens and temples in the cliffs above the Valley Dor, the supposed Martian heaven; the cliffs also contain a network of caves and passages. The Therns control the dangerous beasts that live in the valley, and ransack, enslave, or eat the flesh of the survivors. They consider themselves a unique creation, different from other Martians. They are themselves raided by the Black Martians.
Black Martians (First Born)
Supposedly the inhabitants of a Martian moon, the Black Martians actually live along the coast of both the Sea of Korus and the subterranean Sea of Omean near the south pole. (As such, they are apparently the only Martians who know how to swim.) They call themselves the 'First Born', believing themselves a unique creation among Martian races, and worship Issus, the false deity of the Martian religion. They raid the White Martian Therns carrying off girls as slaves, and have a massive aerial navy, which John Carter defeats. The girls serve as handmaidens for Black Martian women, and they may also be chosen by Issus to serve her for one year, after which they are always put to death. Like the Therns, the Black Martians also enslave some of the Red Martians who come down the Iss, but not the Greens, which they consider unworthy.
Religious deception
There are a number of incidents of religious deception, or the use of superstition by those in power to control and manipulate others, in the Barsoom series. This theme was introduced in A Princess of Mars, but is central to The Gods of Mars. Upon reaching 1,000 years of age almost all Martians undertake a pilgrimage along the River Iss expecting to find a valley of paradise; but find in fact a deathtrap, populated by ferocious creatures and overseen by a race of cruel, cannibal priests known as Therns, who perpetuate the Martian religion through a network of spies across the planet. John Carter's battle to track down the remnants of the Therns and their masters, continues in the sequel The Warlord of Mars. More deceitful priests in a theocratic nation appear in The Master Mind of Mars, where they manipulate a temple idol to control followers.
Burroughs continued this theme in his Tarzan novels. Burroughs was not anti-religious; but was concerned by the abuse and exploitation of religious belief, and saw this as a common feature of organized religion.
Characters
John Carter: Earthman Captain John Carter, a "gentleman of Virginia", is a soldier of fortune after his service as an officer in the Confederate army. After the war he moved to the southwest US to work as a prospector. In 1866 he and his prospector partner strike it rich; but the partner is killed by American Indians and Carter takes refuge in a cave where he is overcome by smoke produced by an American Indian woman and wakes up on Mars. He effectively disappeared for nine years [while on Mars], believed dead, but re-emerged in New York in 1876, settling on the Hudson. He appeared to die in 1886, leaving instructions for a fictionalized Burroughs, who refers to him as an 'uncle' of the family, to entomb him in a crypt, and leaving Burroughs with the manuscript of A Princess of Mars with instructions not to publish it for another 21 years. Carter has no memory before the age of 30 and seems never to age. He is adept with command, horsemanship, swords, and all weapons. He is 6'2" tall, with black hair and gray steel eyes. He is honorable, courageous and eternally optimistic, even in the face of certain death.
Dejah Thoris: A Martian Princess of Helium, who is courageous, tough and always holds her resolve, despite being frequently placed in both mortal danger and the threat of being dishonored by the lustful designs of villains. She is the daughter of Mors Kajak, jed of Lesser Helium and granddaughter of Tardos Mors, jeddak of Helium, highly aristocratic and fiercely proud of her heritage. She was introduced early in the first Barsoom novel, A Princess of Mars, and is the love interest of John Carter.
Carthoris: Son of Dejah Thoris and John Carter, unusual in having no second name (unless it is implied to be Carter); his name is a blend of his parents' surnames, as they had agreed upon. He is described as worthy of his parentage in nobility, ferocity, and intelligence. Because of his father's ancestry, he is considerably paler than other Red Martians. He and his father first meet each other in a Black Martian prison and have adventures together for a while before they figure out their relationship to each other. His jumping and fighting ability is not unlike his father's, suggesting that in the Burroughs novels, the superior strength of Earth men over Martians is interpreted as due to genetics rather than the difference in gravity.
Tars Tarkas: A fierce Green Martian warrior, unusual among his people for his ability to love. He befriends John Carter and later fights at his side. Carter helps him become Jeddak of the Green Martians in A Princess of Mars and negotiates an alliance between the Green Martians and the city state of Helium. Although Tars Tarkas shows some civilization, he remains a noble savage. He is notable for a wry sense of humor invoked when he notices some irony in his present situation, as at his discovery of the Valley Dor.
Kantos Kan: A soldier of Helium and Carter's friend, he is instrumental in organizing the Heliumite expedition to the South Pole, as well as thwarting Zat Arrras' plots.
Xodar: A Black Martian, he was defeated by Carter just before Carter was first captured by the Black Martians, and because of his defeat by Carter, was degraded of all dignity by his own people and made Carter's slave. Thereafter, he serves as one of Carter's lieutenants, providing crucial aid due to his knowledge of the Black Martians' realm.
Zat Arrras [sic]: A Zodangan prince who has been governing Helium in the absence of Dejah Thoris' father and grandfather, he is ambitious and jealous of Carter, hampering his efforts to return to Helium and reunite with Dejah. One of the main villains in the story.
Thuvia of Ptarth: A Princess of Ptarth, rescued by John Carter from the Therns. She is later imprisoned with Carter's wife Dejah Thoris and Phaidor (see below) in a prison which can only be opened once per year. Typically of Burrough's heroines, she is tough, courageous, proud, and strongly identifies with her aristocratic position in Martian society.
Phaidor: A high-ranked Thern girl, who becomes enamoured of John Carter and therefore envious of Dejah Thoris. Despite her love and regard for Carter, she is cruel and heartless like the rest of her race, which disturbed Carter. She is described as beautiful, but it is never specified whether or not she is bald like Thern males. Her attack on Dejah Thoris in the last chapter leaves a cliffhanger for the next book.
Literary significance and criticism
Many consider the first three books of the Martian series to be a trilogy. The books are a showcase of Burroughs’ talents: imagination, colorful descriptions, and adventure. Burroughs’ complicated and sometimes flamboyant prose, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions are surprisingly sophisticated for pulp fiction.
Film adaptation
Before the release of the 2012 film John Carter, producers Jim Morris and Lindsey Collins said that they were working on a sequel based on the second book, with the working title John Carter: The Gods of Mars. However, the film's poor box office performance put plans for sequels on hold, Eventually they were cancelled and in 2014 Disney allowed the rights to the novels to revert to Burroughs' estate. In 2022, 10 years after the film's release, director and cowriter Andrew Stanton shared details of how the sequel would have begun with TheWrap.
References
Sources
External links
Text of the novel at Project Gutenberg
ERBzine Illustrated Bibliography: The Gods of Mars entry
1913 American novels
1913 fantasy novels
1913 science fiction novels
American fantasy novels
American science fiction novels
Martian novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in Argosy (magazine)
Novels about the afterlife
A. C. McClurg books
Science fantasy novels |
Patrick Cox (born March 19, 1963) is a Canadian-British fashion designer and an eponymous fashion label specializing in the creation of shoes, leather goods and accessories. Cox is most noted for the use of unusual materials and a mixture of avant-garde and traditional styles.
Cox was born in Edmonton, Alberta, to a ballerina Canadian mother and linguist English father. Cox was educated locally, except for periods when his father's work led the family to postings in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. Cox eventually graduated from school in Edmonton Canada and moved to Toronto on his own when he was 17.
Early career
At the age of 19, Cox produced his first pair of shoes, for the Toronto-based designer Loucas Kleanthous, who suggested Cox consider a career as a designer. An interest in British fashion led Cox to study at Cordwainer's Technical College, London, a design school that was absorbed into the London College of Fashion in 2000. Cox studied at Cordwainer's from 1983 to 1985. He graduated with merit in July 1985.
During his time as a student in London, Cox probably spent as much time in nightclubs as he did studying. Through his partying Cox became friends with several well-known designers, such as the legendary Vivienne Westwood. As a result, in 1984, Westwood asked Cox to design shoes for her "Clint Eastwood" collection. One of the shoes that Cox created incorporated a 4-inch platform that would become the prototype of a 9-inch pair later worn by supermodel Naomi Campbell, when she famously fell during a Westwood fashion show in Paris, France in 1993. In his second year of college Cox designed and handmade fluorescent fringed moccasins for the celebrated Body Map brand of David Holah and Stevie Stewart.
Personal life
Cox used to date Canadian journalist, entrepreneur, and magazine publisher Tyler Brûlé. Cox funded the launch of Brûlé's Wallpaper magazine that was subsequently sold to Time Warner in 1997. They split up in 1997.
Working life
Cox set up his own company designing shoes in 1985, and in 1986 designed the shoes for John Galliano's "Fallen Angels" collection. Subsequently, Cox launched his own Patrick Cox label, adopting the fleur-de-lys logo. Cox continued to work with Galliano for two more seasons. He also produced the shoes for numerous designers' fashion shows including Anna Sui, John Flett, Alistair Blair and Lanvin Haute Couture to name but a few.
In 1991, Cox opened his first shop opposite the Peter Jones department store in Sloane Square, Chelsea, a well-known fashion district of London. In 1993, Cox marketed his first collection designed for the mass market. This diffusion range called "Wannabe" increased the company's semi annual sales from 2,000 to 200,000 pairs. Cox’s signature silhouette was a loafer with a chunky heel, reminiscent of the 1970s disco platforms worn inside Studio 54. Cox has credited his initial interest in moccasins to fellow designer Richard James whom had asked Cox to design him a modern loafer to accessorise one of his early 1990s fashion shows.
In 1994, Cox opened his first Parisian store on the right bank, followed in 1995 by a second store in London on Sloane Street, a new store on New York's Madison Avenue and a second store in Paris on the left bank. During this time, Cox was twice awarded Accessory Designer of the Year at the British Fashion Awards. 1998 saw Cox move his design office and production from the UK to Civitanova, in the Italian Marche, an area known for shoe manufacture.
From his early association with Vivienne Westwood onwards, Cox developed a cult like status in Japan and in 1996 signed a 10-year licensing deal with leading Japanese luxury department store group Isetan. This deal saw the opening of more than 40 shop in shops across Japan and a whole range of licensed Japanese products including ready-to-wear, bags, jewellery and watches.
Cox was approached by the French fashion footwear house Charles Jourdan, and in January 2003 he was appointed Creative Director, his brief being to rejuvenate the brand. After 3 years of successful collaboration, Cox decided to move on to concentrate on the development of his own label.
The Hong Kong duty free company King Power Group took a controlling interest in the Patrick Cox company in 2006. Cox left the eponymous firm the following year and the entire business, except for a few continuing Japanese licenses was closed in 2008.
In September 2010, Cox opened 'Cox Cookies & Cake', a pâtisserie in London's Soho district, with Eric Lanlard to whom he was introduced by Elizabeth Hurley. In keeping with the area's history of seedy business, the décor was black and neon while the staff wore studded leather aprons. Delicacies included titty and bum cupcakes along with his mother Maureen's recipe for traditional Canadian Nanaimo bars. After two successful years trading Cox decided to close the business to return to shoe design.
In 2011, Cox was approached to design for the Italian shoe giant Geox. The resulting GEOX Designed by Patrick Cox capsule collection incorporated his witty ironic British take on design.
In 2016, Cox returned to fashion with his Lathbridge collection of shoes and leather goods. The brand name is Cox's middle name and the company logo is the bulldog, inspired by Cox's pet English bulldogs Caesar and Brutus.
References
Encyclopedia Article - Answers.com
External links
Living people
Alumni of the London College of Fashion
Shoe designers
Canadian fashion designers
British fashion designers
LGBT fashion designers
1963 births
People from Edmonton |
The Sun Odyssey 42 is a French sailboat that was designed by Guy Ribadeau Dumas, as a cruiser and first built in 1990.
The Sun Odyssey 42 was followed in production by a series of unrelated designs with similar names and intended markets, including the 1992 Sun Odyssey 42.1, the 1995 Sun Odyssey 42.2, the 1996 Sun Odyssey 42 CC, the 2005 Sun Odyssey 42i and the 2007 Sun Odyssey 42 DS.
Production
The design was built by Jeanneau in France, from 1990 to 1992, but it is now out of production.
Design
The Sun Odyssey 42 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a step-down reverse transom wiyth a swim platform, a partial skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces and carries of ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the standard keel.
The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, a semi-circular settee around a round table in the main cabin and twin aft cabins, each equipped with a double berth. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove, an ice box and a double sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the starboard side. There are also sinks located in each of then aft cabins on the centerline.
See also
List of sailing boat types
References
External links
Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Guy Ribadeau Dumas
Sailboat types built by Jeanneau |
Outpost Transmission is a studio album by the British electronic music group 808 State, released in 2002. It is their sixth studio album, and their first new material since 1996's Thermo Kings.
Guests on this album were: Simon Lord (Simian) on "606", Guy Garvey (Elbow) on "Lemonsoul", and Alabama 3 on "Crossword".
It is also their final studio recording to feature Darren Partington, as he left the band after being jailed for 18 months in January 2015 for dealing heroin and crack cocaine.
UK track listing
"606" – 4:58
"Chopsumwong" – 5:18
"Wheatstraw" – 4:54
"Boogieman" – 4:40
"Roundbum Mary" – 3:44
"Lemonsoul" – 3:20
"Suntower" – 5:56
"Dissadis" – 5:53
"Bent" – 4:59
"Souflex" – 4:58
"Crossword" – 2:58
"Lungfoo" – 4:29
"Slowboat" – 5:16
"Yoyo" – 6:58
US track listing
"606" – 4:58
"Chopsumwong" – 5:18
"Wheatstraw" – 4:54
"Lemonsoul" – 3:20
"Suntower" – 5:56
"Bent" – 4:59
"Souflex" – 4:58
"Crossword" – 2:58
"Lungfoo" – 4:29
"Quincy's Lunch" – 5:02
"Dissadis" – 5:53
"Doctors and Nurses" – 6:39
"Brown Sauce" – 5:33
"Long Orange (Testa)" – 5:00
Japanese track listing
"606" – 4:58
"Chopsumwong" – 5:18
"Wheatstraw" – 4:54
"Boogieman" – 4:40
"Roundbum Mary" – 3:44
"Lemonsoul" – 3:20
"Suntower" – 5:56
"Dissadis" – 5:53
"Bent" – 4:59
"Souflex" – 4:58
"Crossword" – 2:58
"Lungfoo" – 4:29
"Slowboat" – 5:16
"Yoyo" – 6:58
"Quincy's Lunch" – 5:02
O.T.E.P.
In 2012, the band released a free EP with four tracks from the Japanese and North America versions of the album.
"Long Orange" (Testa) – 5:02
"Doctors & Nurses" – 6:41
"Quincy's Lunch" (Testa) – 5:04
"Brown Sauce" – 5:33
References
External links
Outpost Transmission (Album)
2002 albums
2003 albums
808 State albums |
```smalltalk
Class {
#name : 'ClyAbstractMethodGroupProviderTest',
#superclass : 'ClyMethodGroupProviderTest',
#category : 'Calypso-SystemPlugins-InheritanceAnalysis-Queries-Tests',
#package : 'Calypso-SystemPlugins-InheritanceAnalysis-Queries-Tests'
}
{ #category : 'running' }
ClyAbstractMethodGroupProviderTest >> classSampleWhichHasGroup [
^ClyAbstractClassMock
]
{ #category : 'running' }
ClyAbstractMethodGroupProviderTest >> groupProviderClass [
^ClyAbstractMethodGroupProvider
]
``` |
Mercury 8 or variants may refer to:
Mercury Eight, a Ford motor car 1939–1951
Mercury 8, a spacecraft of Project Mercury
Mercury VIII, a 1935 version of the Bristol Mercury aircraft engine
See also
Mercury (disambiguation)
Mercury-Atlas 8, a 1962 crewed space flight
Mercury V8, an automobile |
Leonard Hugh Levitt (April 27, 1941May 18, 2020) was an American author known for his books about crime and the New York City Police Department. He was an Edgar Award winner and worked as a Peace Corps teacher in Tanzania in the early and mid-1960s. He was also the author of An African Season about his experiences in Tanzania and as a teacher. It was the first book ever written by a Peace Corps volunteer.
Early life
Levitt was born in The Bronx, New York City, on April 27, 1941. His father, Boris, operated a business dealing with import/export; his mother, Celia (Kossovsky), was an English teacher at Hunter College. He grew up in the Five Towns area on Long Island. He graduated from Lawrence Woodmere Academy and went on to study at Dartmouth College, obtaining a bachelor's degree from that institution in 1963.
Levitt subsequently joined the Peace Corps and spent two years in Tanzania teaching English. One of his students at Mpuguso Middle School in Rungwe District, Southern Highlands Province, was Godfrey Mwakikagile. He became an African studies scholar and author of many non-fiction books on African history, economics, and politics. Levitt also taught Oscar Mwamwaja, one of Tanzania's first commercial airline pilots who survived an Air Tanzania hijacking on February 26, 1982, during which he was forced to fly from Tanzania to Britain, according to reports, "Hijacked Jetliner Arrives in Britain," The New York Times, 28 February 1982, and "4 Tanzanian Hijackers Surrender; 90 Hostages Are Freed in Britain," The New York Times, 1 March 1982. Levitt wrote about his experiences as a teacher in Tanzania in the article "Tanzania: A Dream Deferred", as well as the book An African Season.. The latter was the first book to be written by a member of the Peace Corps.
In his book, Africa: Dawn of a New Era, Godfrey Mwakikagile stated the following about Leonard Levitt:
“I remember very well what one of our first Peace Corp teachers said when he introduced himself to us in class at Mpuguso Middle School in Rungwe District in the Southern Highlands one morning in the early part of 1964 when I was in standard eight, what Americans call the eighth grade. He said: 'My name is Leonard Levitt. I am a Jew from New York City.'” - (Godfrey Mwakikagile, Africa: Dawn of a New Era, New Africa Press, 2015, p. 314).
Career
After graduating from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Levitt was first hired by the Long Island Press to be their sportswriter on a part-time basis. He was later employed by the Associated Press, The Detroit News, and Time. In 1975, he began working for Newsday, first as a beat reporter writing about police on Long Island, and later for the paper's New York edition.
Levitt's most notable article came in 1991, in which he and Kevin Donovan wrote about the 1975 murder of Martha Moxley. The two reporters read through approximately 400 pages of police documents and over 100 interviews. They concluded that the local police had acquiesced to the Skakel family, who were related to the Kennedy family through marriage. The report prompted authorities to reopen its investigation and press charges against Michael Skakel for murder. Although Skakel was convicted of murdering Moxley in 2002, he was freed in 2013 and had his conviction quashed in 2018, after an appeals court found that he had not been given effective assistance of counsel.
Levitt left the New York edition of Newsday when the paper shut down in 2005. He launched his own blog called "NYPD Confidential", which was a continuation of his Newsday column "One Police Plaza" that he started a decade earlier. The New York City Police Department proceeded to revoke his press pass and prohibited him from entering the Department's headquarters, claiming that he was no longer licensed to possess credentials. However, he eventually regained these with the assistance of the New York Civil Liberties Union.
The book detailing his investigation of the Moxley case, Conviction: Solving the Moxley Murder, which Levitt co-wrote with Frank Garr (the lead investigator for the prosecution), won the Edgar Award in 2005 for best non-fiction.
Personal life
Levitt was married to Susan (née Gina) for 46 years. Together, they had a son (Michael) and a daughter (Jennifer).
Levitt died on May 18, 2020, at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 79, and had been suffering from lung cancer in the two years leading up to his death. News of his death was first announced by his daughter.
Published books
An African Season, Simon and Schuster, 1967
The Long Way Round (1972)
The Healer: A True Story of Medicine and Murder (1980)
Conviction: Solving the Moxley Murder: A Reporter and a Detective's Twenty-Year Search for Justice (2004)
NYPD Confidential: Power and Corruption in the Country's Greatest Police Force (2009)
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
Journalists from New York City
Writers from the Bronx
Deaths from lung cancer
Dartmouth College alumni
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American male writers
American non-fiction crime writers
Newsday people
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Jewish American writers
Lawrence Woodmere Academy alumni
People from The Five Towns, New York |
The Beaver Mines Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous (Albian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It was established by G.B. Mellon in 1967 who named it for the hamlet of Beaver Mines, Alberta. It contains a variety of plant fossils.
Lithology
Fine- to coarse-grained greenish-grey sandstone interbedded with greenish-grey mudstone and siltstone, and lesser amounts of conglomerate, bentonite, and tuff. Some conglomerate beds contain pebbles of volcanic origin. Minor argillaceous limestone is present at the top in some areas. The sandstones are feldspathic, in contrast to the quartzose sandstones of the overlying Ma Butte Formation.
Environment of deposition and paleontology
The Beaver Mines Formation was deposited in floodplain and fluvial channel environments by meandering river systems. It contains a variety of plant fossils including remains of ferns, cycads, cycadeoids, Ginkgos and extinct conifers, but remains of flowering plants do not appear until the overlying Ma Butte Formation.
Distribution and thickness
The Beaver Mines Formation is present in the southern foothills of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia and extends as far north as the Clearwater River where it grades into the Gates Formation of the Luscar Group. It reaches a maximum thickness of about at Ma Butte north of the Crowsnest Pass.
Relationship to other units
The Beaver Mines Formation is part of the Blairmore Group. It disconformably overlies the Gladstone Formation and grades into the Gates Formation of the Luscar Group north of the Clearwater River. It is disconformably overlain by the Ma Butte Formation in the southern foothills and by the Blackstone Formation north of the Red Deer River. To the east, it is correlated with the upper part of the Mannville Group.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in British Columbia
References
Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Geologic formations of Alberta
Cretaceous Alberta
Geologic formations of British Columbia
Cretaceous British Columbia
Albian Stage |
Sir Graham Stuart Brady (born 20 May 1967) is a British politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Altrincham and Sale West since 1997. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been Chairman of the 1922 Committee since 2010, except for a brief period in 2019.
Brady served as a Shadow Minister under four Conservative leaders before resigning in 2007 in protest at David Cameron's opposition to grammar schools. On 1 December 2010, Brady was voted "Backbencher of the Year" by The Spectator at its annual parliamentary awards.
During his tenure as 1922 Committee chairman, Brady has overseen the election of three Conservative Party leaders and Prime Ministers (Theresa May, Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak) as well as votes of no confidence into May and Boris Johnson. On 7 March 2023, he announced that he would not seek re-election at the 2024 general election.
Early life
Brady was born on 20 May 1967 in Salford, Lancashire, England. He was educated at the Altrincham Grammar School for Boys. He read Law at the University of Durham, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1989.
Brady was highly active in politics as a student. He served as Chairman of the Durham University Conservative Association (DUCA) for the 1987–1988 academic year and was one of six students elected to represent Durham at the annual NUS conference. He served additionally as Chairman of Northern Area Conservative Students (1987–1989) and as a member of the Conservative Party's National Union Executive Committee (1988–1989).
Early career
Brady was appointed a consultant in public relations with Shandwick plc in 1989. He joined the Centre for Policy Studies in 1990. He was appointed director of public affairs at the Waterfront Partnership in 1992, where he remained until he was elected to the House of Commons in 1997. He was vice-chairman of the East Berkshire Conservative Association from 1993 to 1995.
Parliamentary career
He was selected to contest the Altrincham and Sale West parliamentary constituency, following the retirement of the veteran Conservative MP Fergus Montgomery. Brady's constituency is considered to be a Conservative safe seat, having returned only Conservative MPs during its existence. The 1997 general election proved to be a close battle in the seat, but Brady was elected with a majority of 1,505 votes. He was the youngest Conservative MP to be elected in 1997, having been elected just before his 30th birthday, the next youngest being Tim Collins who was three years older than Brady. In the party leadership election that followed his election, Brady supported Michael Howard.
Brady made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 2 June 1997. From 1997 to 2001 he was a member of the Education and Employment Select Committee and its Employment Sub-Committee. He was joint secretary of the Conservative Party Committee for Education and Employment from 1997 to 2000.
In 1998 he made enquiries to John Bourn, at the time Comptroller and Auditor General, on his decision not to publish a National Audit Office report on the controversial Al-Yamamah arms deal. The same year, Brady was one of only 13 Conservative MPs who voted in favour of an equal age of consent. He was a member of the executive of the 1922 Committee from 1998 to 2000.
He became a member of the Education and Employment Select committee, and Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Chairman of the Conservative Party, Michael Ancram in 1999. He was made an Opposition Whip by William Hague in 2000. In February 2000, Brady complained about anti-grammar school literature circulated to parents in Altrincham by Michael Evans, then head of Trinity Church of England High School, arguing that this violated rules about public funds being used for campaign material – a complaint subsequently upheld by Secretary of State for Education David Blunkett. That same year Brady would become an opposition spokesman on Education and Employment.
Brady was vice-chair of the all-party Advertising Group, secretary of the all-party Cayman Islands Group and treasurer of the all-party Egypt Group from 2001. Following a second Conservative defeat at the 2001 general election, Brady continued as an opposition spokesman on Education and Skills under the leadership of both Hague and Iain Duncan Smith. He became the PPS to the Leader of the Opposition, Michael Howard, in 2003, and an opposition spokesman on foreign affairs and Shadow Europe Minister in 2004. From 2004 to 2005 he was a member of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Select Committee and its Urban Affairs Sub-Committee. He was vice-chair of the all-party Montserrat Group from 2006. He became a member of the Treasury Select Committee and rejoined the executive of the 1922 Committee in 2007.
On 29 May 2007, Brady resigned his post as Shadow Minister for Europe in protest at Conservative leader David Cameron's opposition to grammar schools. He told the BBC that "faced with a choice between a front bench position that I have loved and doing what I believe to be right for my constituents and for the many hundreds of thousands of families who are ill-served by state education in this country, there is in conscience only one option open to me", and argued that "grammar schools in selective areas are exactly the motor that does drive social mobility more effectively than comprehensive areas". Brady's own constituency has retained a selective rather than comprehensive education system.
Brady was secretary of the all-party Fluoridation Group and Infrastructure Group from 2008. From 2009 he was treasurer of the all-party Thailand Group and vice-chair of the Cannabis and Children Group.
In 2013, he opposed the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013, raising concerns that the measure had not been in the Conservative manifesto and that religious freedom could be compromised.
In the 2016 EU referendum, he was a supporter of Brexit.
In July 2018, it was reported that Brady served as editor of The House, the in-house Parliamentary magazine, earning a salary of £26,000 for the role.
1922 Committee
Brady succeeded Sir Michael Spicer as Chairman of the 1922 Committee on 26 May 2010.
The Committee, sometimes known as "The 1922" for short, is the parliamentary group of the Conservative Party and has a central role in the election of the Leader of the Conservative Party. Since 2010 Brady has overseen the election of 3 Conservative Leaders (Theresa May in 2016, Liz Truss in 2022 and Rishi Sunak in 2022) all of whom have become the Prime Minister since the Conservative Party has been in office throughout his tenure as Chairman.
He resigned as 1922 Committee chairman on 24 May 2019 in order to explore launching a bid to become leader of the Conservative Party in the weeks that followed, but ultimately opted not to run for Leader. His Deputy Chairmen Cheryl Gillan and Charles Walker oversaw the 2019 leadership contest which resulted in the election of Boris Johnson.
Brady temporarily returned to the 1922 Committee on 3 September 2019, to serve as its acting Chairman "until a new executive is elected in the next session of Parliament". He was subsequently re-elected as the permanent Chair on 20 January 2020.
Brady's role as Chairman of the 1922 has given him a high public profile, as it falls to him to announce the results of each leadership election or challenge, and this is often followed on live TV and streaming around the world.
In 2022, Brady became the longest-ever serving Chairman of the 1922 Committee, surpassing Edward du Cann.
Legislation
Brexit: anti-Northern Ireland backstop amendment
On 29 January 2019, the House of Commons voted 317 to 301 to approve Brady's amendment to the Brexit Next Steps motion, which called for "the Northern Ireland backstop to be replaced with alternative arrangements to avoid a hard border, supports leaving the European Union with a deal and would therefore support the Withdrawal Agreement subject to this change".
COVID-19 lockdowns
In May 2020, Brady called for the removal of "arbitrary rules and limitations on freedom" brought in by the government because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He said that the British public had been "a little too willing to stay at home". Speaking out against a second lockdown, he also spoke about COVID-related mental health issues, such as increased rates of suicide and domestic abuse, as well as excess deaths caused due to reduced access for care. Brady is also a steering committee member of the lockdown-sceptic COVID Recovery Group, a group of Conservative MPs who oppose the UK government's December 2020 lockdown. They were seen as an "echo" of the Brexiteer European Research Group (ERG) of MPs, and a response by backbench Conservatives to Nigel Farage's anti-lockdown Reform UK party.
Personal life
Brady met Victoria Lowther at Durham University. The couple married in 1992, and have a daughter and a son. He employs his wife Victoria as his senior parliamentary assistant. Brady was reported to be among those MPs who paid the highest amount to family members that they employ, with a range between £40,000 and £45,000 disclosed.
He currently resides in Altrincham in Greater Manchester.
Honours
Brady was appointed a Knight Bachelor "for political and public service" in the 2018 New Year Honours. His investiture by the Duke of Cambridge took place at Buckingham Palace on 6 March 2018.
Brady was appointed as a Privy Counsellor in October 2023, entitling him to the style The Right Honourable for life.
References
Notes
External links
Graham Brady MP official site
ePolitix.com - Graham Brady MP
Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle: Graham Brady MP
BBC News - Graham Brady profile 30 March 2006
1967 births
Chairmen of the 1922 Committee
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
People educated at Altrincham Grammar School for Boys
Alumni of St Aidan's College, Durham
People from Salford
Living people
Knights Bachelor
British Eurosceptics
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom |
Gregory "Greg" Corbitt (born 2 September 1971 in Perth, Western Australia) is a former Australian field hockey player who played as a striker for the Australian national team. He was a member of the team that won the silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Greg was known for his striking abilities. Notably, he was diagnosed with cancer from a urine sample submitted as part of drug screening for Australian National Team athletes and underwent successful surgery to remove a malignant tumor.
References
External links
Profile on AOC website
Profile on IOC website
1971 births
Living people
Australian male field hockey players
Male field hockey forwards
Olympic field hockey players for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players from Perth, Western Australia
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
1990 Men's Hockey World Cup players
20th-century Australian people
Sportsmen from Western Australia |
The Good Soldier Schwejk is a 2018 anti-war satirical film directed by Christine Edzard. It is based on the dark comedy novel The Good Soldier Švejk by Jaroslav Hašek, published between 1921 and 1923. The film was produced by Olivier Stockman at Sands Films Studios in London and stars Alfie Stewart, Joe Armstrong, Kevin Brewer, Sean Gilder, Shona McWilliams and Michael Mears. Music was arranged by Michael Sanvoisin and cinematography was by Joachim Bergamin.
Schwejk is the story of a First World War soldier and his own unexpected and enduring ways of protesting the irrationality, bungling, pointlessness and criminal absurdity of war.
Production
Sands Films, the production company that made The Good Soldier Schwejk, is owned and run by Christine Edzard, the screenwriter and director, and her husband Richard B. Goodwin.
The film was made in collaboration with Goodwin by Edzard, who is known for her meticulous filmmaking often based on Victorian English sources. Their earlier productions include Stories from a Flying Trunk (1979), The Nightingale (1981), Biddy (1983, Little Dorrit (1987), The Fool (1989), As You Like It (1991), Amahl and the Night Visitors (1996), The IMAX Nutcracker (1997) and The Children's Midsummer Night's Dream (2001).
The soundtrack for the movie includes Piano Sonata No. 11, K. 331 / 300i, Movement 3 - Rondo alla turca (Turkish March), written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, arranged for accordion by Michel Sanvoisin and performed by Junchi Deng.
To raise money for Sands' anti-war film, the studio auctioned the costume they custom-made for Mark Rylance in the 2015 BBC mini-series adaption of Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall. Rylance is a patron of the Stop The War coalition.
Edzard's Schwejk aims at a fusion of cinema and live theatre, according to the director, who explained, “It's not a documentary or a film on location or a filmed play. The film element gives it another life. From the beginning, it has been conceived as a film that would have a play at its core.” Sands' theatre is housed in their studio warehouse, which was built in the 1780s using reclaimed ship timbers. The director explained that filming the project inside this building “makes it more concentrated, so we can deliver a concentrated message...it's very different to rehearse and to deliver a play than to make a film.”
Adapted for the 21st century, the film incorporates years of Edzard's own research, including words taken from speeches by well-known figures such as Tony Blair, George W Bush and Colin Powell. She said, “it was an enormous reading operation...These quotes are all public quotes, speeches, things that have been printed. Really shockingly absurd.”
At the same time, it extends back to Hasek's original concept of Schwejk as a political cabaret sketch. It was filmed as a series of seven live, interactive theatre performances, at Sands Studio in Rotherhithe in July 2017 with audiences being asked to shout out the names of modern weaponry at strategic points in the show.
Producer Olivier Stockman described the film's politics: “It's a...protest against the fact that our society is drifting towards war right now as we speak.”
Reception
Peace News gave the film a very positive review in 2018 on their website, stating in conclusion that "Despite Schwejk’s (often very funny) innocence and naivety, this film remains a scathing critique of war, the arms trade, and the class system. It is well-researched, well-acted, and thought-provoking."
Another review states: "It is much more than a filmed stage play. With imaginative, inexpensive sets and a three-piece orchestra, including an accordion, playing pieces by Mozart off-stage, the film is all the better for the chosen format."
The independent reviewer on the site Londongrip found the film showing some good comic performances but the overall production somehow lacking pace and subtlety at times.
References
External Links
Sands Films: ''Sands Productions”
Schwejk Music: Mozart's Turkish March performed by Junchi Deng, YouTube
“The Good Soldier Schwejk” at mubi
2018 films
2010s English-language films
2010s British films
Adaptations of works by Jaroslav Hašek
Pacifism in England |
Present Company is the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter Janis Ian, and her solitary album for Capitol Records.
After her break-up with original producer Shadow Morton, and the failure of her final two Verve albums The Secret Life of J. Eddy Fink and Who Really Cares to dent the Billboard albums chart, Ian moved to California in 1970 and continued writing songs. In the autumn of 1970, Ian began working without a recording contract with producer and musician Jerry Corbitt (of The Youngbloods) in California before signing with Capitol Records in January. The sixteen songs, including three songwriting collaborations with Peter Cunningham, were released as Present Company early in 1971.
Despite a lengthy period of touring extending into early 1972, Present Company did not sell much better than its two predecessors, although it did "bubble under" the top 200. Janis' contract with Capitol was not renewed, and apart from the single "He's a Rainbow" being performed during the tour in support of her comeback album Stars, nothing from Present Company is known to have been played live since 1972, nor has the album ever been represented on any of Janis Ian's compilations.
Track listing
References
Janis Ian albums
1971 albums
Capitol Records albums |
```scss
@import '../variables';
@import '../mixins';
@import 'components/buttons';
@import 'components/forms';
@import 'config/import';
#onboarding-container {
min-height: calc(100vh - 350px);
}
.pages-onboarding {
min-height: initial;
}
// modal box card
.onboarding-main {
border: none;
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
border-width: 2px;
}
a {
color: var(--link-branded-color);
}
}
// modal inner content spacing
.onboarding-content {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: var(--su-4);
width: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
&__tags {
min-height: auto;
margin-bottom: 100px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
justify-content: center;
padding: var(--su-8);
}
}
// terms and conditions view
.terms-and-conditions-wrapper {
$content-height: 90%;
height: auto;
button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
}
.terms-and-conditions-content {
height: $content-height;
overflow-y: scroll;
margin-top: 10px;
}
}
// window background
.onboarding-body {
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
display: flex;
height: 100vh;
justify-content: start;
line-height: 200%;
margin: 0;
overflow-y: scroll;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
&:before {
display: block;
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
}
.onboarding-content-separator {
position: absolute;
bottom: 160px;
left: var(--su-4);
width: calc(100% - 2 * var(--su-4));
height: 96px;
background-image: linear-gradient(
rgba(var(--tag-onboarding-bg), 0) 25%,
rgba(var(--tag-onboarding-bg), 1) 75%
);
pointer-events: none;
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
left: var(--su-8);
width: calc(100% - 2 * var(--su-8));
bottom: 168px;
}
}
.onboarding-email-digest {
position: absolute;
bottom: 112px;
left: var(--su-4);
width: calc(100% - 2 * var(--su-4));
z-index: 1;
align-items: center;
border-radius: 0px 6px 6px 0px;
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tag-onboarding-border), 1);
background-color: var(--card-secondary-bg);
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
left: var(--su-8);
width: calc(100% - 2 * var(--su-8));
}
&__rectangle {
position: absolute;
width: 4px;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
}
}
// modal navigation
.onboarding-navigation {
align-self: flex-end;
flex-shrink: 0;
width: 100%;
border-top: 1px solid var(--divider);
.navigation-content {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
padding: var(--su-4);
button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
}
.back-button-container,
.next-button {
// Explicitly set width to avoid next-button re-sizing with text,
// and to ensure that back-button-container takes up the same amount of space.
width: var(--su-10);
}
.back-button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
@extend .crayons-btn--ghost;
@extend .crayons-btn--icon;
$button-size: 40px; // Explicitly set size for accessibility.
border-radius: 100%;
min-width: $button-size;
height: $button-size;
align-items: center;
display: flex;
&:hover,
&:active {
background: var(--base-10);
}
}
.hide-button {
visibility: hidden;
}
.skip-for-now {
@extend .crayons-btn;
@extend .crayons-btn--secondary;
}
.stepper {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.dot {
$dot-size: 10px;
background-color: var(--base-30);
border-radius: 50%;
width: $dot-size;
height: $dot-size;
margin: var(--su-1);
}
.active {
background-color: var(--accent-brand);
}
}
}
// modal header
.onboarding-content-header {
margin-bottom: var(--su-4);
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
margin-bottom: var(--su-6);
}
.title,
.subtitle {
margin: 0;
}
.title {
font-weight: var(--fw-heavy);
margin-bottom: var(--su-1);
text-align: left;
}
.subtitle {
color: var(--card-color-secondary);
font-size: var(--fs-xl);
font-weight: var(--fw-medium);
letter-spacing: normal;
line-height: var(--lh-base);
}
}
// override crayons notice
.onboarding-body {
.crayons-notice {
display: block;
margin-bottom: var(--su-2);
}
}
// modal overflow scrolling
.onboarding-modal-scroll-container {
height: calc(100vh - 289px);
overflow-y: scroll;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--base-20);
@media screen and (min-height: 800px) {
max-height: 520px;
}
}
// tag styles
.onboarding-tags {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
grid-gap: var(--su-2);
width: 100%;
padding-bottom: 48px;
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
padding-bottom: 24px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}
&__item {
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tag-onboarding-border), 1);
background: var(--tag-onboarding-bg);
border-radius: var(--radius);
padding: var(--su-3) var(--su-4);
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
height: 73px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
cursor: pointer;
$item: &;
input[type='checkbox'] {
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: var(--checkbox-default-bg);
background-image: none;
}
&:hover {
background: var(--white);
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
box-shadow: var(--shadow-smooth);
input[type='checkbox'] {
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
}
}
&__inner {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
&__content {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-start;
padding: 0px;
gap: 4px;
}
&__content-name {
font-weight: var(--fw-medium);
font-size: var(--fs-base);
line-height: var(--lh-base);
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
color: var(--color-primary);
}
&__content-count {
font-weight: var(--fw-normal);
font-size: var(--fs-s);
line-height: var(--lh-base);
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
color: var(--tag-prefix);
}
}
&--selected {
background: rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 0.1);
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
box-shadow: var(--shadow-smooth);
&:hover {
background: rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 0.1);
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
box-shadow: var(--shadow-smooth);
}
input[type='checkbox'] {
border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
background-color: rgba(var(--accent-brand-rgb), 1);
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='12' height='10' fill='none' xmlns='path_to_url fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M11.157.933a.75.75 0 01.077 1.058L4.817 9.407a.75.75 0 01-1.134 0L.766 6.037a.75.75 0 011.135-.982L4.25 7.77l5.85-6.76a.75.75 0 011.057-.077z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
}
}
}
// Onboarding Intro
.onboarding-main.introduction {
.onboarding-content {
background: var(--base-100);
color: white;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: start;
padding: var(--su-8);
height: auto;
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
justify-content: center;
}
}
figure {
margin: 0 0 var(--su-2) 0;
.sticker-logo {
height: var(--su-8);
width: var(--su-8);
box-sizing: content-box;
transform: rotate(-30deg);
padding: var(--su-3);
vertical-align: middle;
}
}
.introduction-title,
.introduction-subtitle {
margin: 0;
}
.introduction-title {
color: var(--base-inverted);
font-size: var(--fs-2xl);
font-weight: var(--fw-heavy);
line-height: var(--lh-tight);
margin-bottom: var(--su-1);
@media (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
font-size: var(--fs-4xl);
}
}
.introduction-subtitle {
color: var(--base-inverted);
font-size: var(--fs-l);
font-weight: var(--fw-normal);
line-height: var(--lh-base);
@media (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
font-size: var(--fs-xl);
}
}
.navigation-content {
padding: var(--su-7);
justify-content: center;
button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
}
}
}
// follow users slide
$onboarding-user-unselected-hover: rgba(71, 85, 235, 0.05);
$onboarding-user-selected: rgba(71, 85, 235, 0.1);
$onboarding-user-selected-hover: rgba(71, 85, 235, 0.2);
.onboarding-body {
.content-row {
background-color: var(--base-inverted); // Specify background for Safari.
align-items: center;
border: none;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: var(--body-color);
display: flex;
padding: var(--su-2) var(--su-4);
text-align: left;
width: 100%;
&.unselected {
&:hover {
background-color: $onboarding-user-unselected-hover;
cursor: pointer;
}
button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
@extend .crayons-btn--outlined;
}
}
&.selected {
background-color: $onboarding-user-selected;
&:hover {
background-color: $onboarding-user-selected-hover;
cursor: pointer;
}
button {
@extend .crayons-btn;
}
}
}
.user-avatar-container {
align-self: baseline;
margin: 0 var(--su-4) 0 0;
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
align-self: center;
}
}
.user-avatar {
border-radius: 100%;
height: var(--su-8);
width: var(--su-8);
object-fit: cover;
border: 1px solid var(--base-10);
}
.current-user-info {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
.current-user-avatar-container {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
}
.current-user-avatar {
border-radius: 100%;
width: inherit;
height: inherit;
object-fit: cover;
border: 2px solid var(--base-90);
}
h3 {
margin-top: var(--su-2);
line-height: var(--lh-tight);
}
p {
font-size: var(--fs-base);
line-height: var(--lh-tight);
color: var(--base-70);
}
}
.user-name,
.user-summary {
color: var(--base);
margin: 0;
line-height: var(--lh-tight);
// overflow-wrap: anywhere isn't supported in Safari, in which case this fallback applies
overflow-wrap: break-word;
overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.user-name {
font-size: var(--fs-base);
}
.user-info {
width: 100%;
}
.user-summary {
font-size: var(--fs-s);
}
.user-following-status {
margin-left: var(--su-7);
}
}
// closing slide
.onboarding-what-next {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
overflow: auto;
min-height: 250px;
@media screen and (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
flex-direction: column;
}
p {
align-items: center;
display: inline-flex;
}
a {
background: #d9e7ff;
margin: 4px auto;
border-radius: 3px;
display: block;
font-weight: 800;
width: 100%;
padding: 0.25em;
position: relative;
text-align: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
.whatnext-emoji {
text-align: center;
font-size: 32px;
margin-right: 8px;
}
}
}
.onboarding-previous-location {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 10px;
font-weight: bold;
display: none;
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
display: block;
}
code {
font-size: 0.6em;
margin-top: -10px;
display: block;
font-weight: 400;
}
}
// Follow user
.onboarding-body {
.content-row {
align-items: center;
color: #202428;
display: flex;
padding: 8px 16px;
text-align: left;
width: 100%;
&:hover,
&:focus-within {
background-color: var(--content-row-hover-bg) !important;
}
}
.user-avatar-container {
margin: 0 16px 0 0;
}
.user-avatar {
border-radius: 100%;
height: 48px;
width: 48px;
object-fit: cover;
border: 1px solid #eef0f1;
}
.user-name,
.user-summary {
margin: 0;
}
}
// Forms
.onboarding-main {
fieldset {
padding: 0;
border: none;
margin-bottom: var(--su-6);
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
}
legend {
color: var(--body-color);
font-weight: var(--fw-medium);
}
input[type='text'],
textarea {
@extend .crayons-textfield;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
textarea {
min-height: 77px;
}
label {
@extend .crayons-field;
a {
margin-top: 0;
}
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
.checkbox-form-wrapper {
padding: var(--su-7);
.checkbox-form {
padding-bottom: var(--su-6);
}
}
.crayons-field--checkbox {
align-items: center;
}
// Checkboxes
.checkbox-item {
label {
@extend .crayons-field__label;
align-items: baseline;
border-radius: var(--radius);
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
padding: 0 var(--su-1);
width: 100%;
&:hover {
background: var(--body-bg);
cursor: pointer;
}
&:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
input[type='checkbox'] {
@extend .crayons-checkbox;
margin-right: var(--su-2) !important;
}
}
}
.onboarding-profile-sub-section {
margin-bottom: var(--su-6);
}
@media screen and (max-height: 790px) {
.onboarding-form-input--last {
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
}
}
.onboarding-profile-details-container {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 0px;
gap: 24px;
}
.onboarding-profile-image {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
aspect-ratio: 1/1;
border-radius: 40px;
border: 1.5px solid #d4d4d4;
}
.onboarding-profile-details-sub-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-start;
padding: 0px;
gap: 10px;
}
.onboarding-profile-user-name {
font-weight: var(--fw-bol);
font-size: var(--fs-xl);
line-height: var(--lh-base);
}
.onboarding-profile-upload-error {
color: darken($red, 8%);
font-size: 0.8em;
}
// Adjusting modals... This is naughty... Santa won't come.
.onboarding-main {
--onboarding-modal-height: 800px;
&.introduction {
--onboarding-modal-height: unset;
}
.crayons-modal__box {
@media (min-width: $breakpoint-s) {
height: var(--onboarding-modal-height);
}
}
}
``` |
Osvračín is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Osvračín lies approximately north-east of Domažlice, south-west of Plzeň, and south-west of Prague.
Administrative parts
Villages of Dohalice and Mimov are administrative parts of Osvračín.
References
Villages in Domažlice District |
Henry of Valenciennes was an early 13th-century French writer, historian and chronicler of the Latin Empire.
Henry of Valenciennes was a chronicler under Henry of Flanders who left for the Fourth Crusade with the army of his patron. In 1204, following the capture of Constantinople by the Franco-Venetian forces, he became a canon in the Hagia Sophia. In 1206, the year of his patron's accession to the throne of the Latin Empire, he was tasked with compiling a chronicle mostly focused on his deeds, roughly picking up where Geoffrey of Villehardouin's chronicle concludes. As a result, Henry's chronicle is usually included with Geoffrey's in the surviving manuscripts. It abruptly ends in 1209 or 1210, but it is notable for its account of the battle of Philippopolis. Henry is also credited with the Lai d'Aristote, previously attributed to the Norman Henry d'Andeli.
References
13th-century French historians
French chroniclers
French male non-fiction writers
Christians of the Fourth Crusade
French memoirists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.beam.sdk.util;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.isA;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.MoreFutures.ExceptionOrResult;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
/** Unit tests for {@link MoreFutures}. */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class MoreFuturesTest {
@Rule public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void supplyAsyncSuccess() throws Exception {
CompletionStage<Integer> future = MoreFutures.supplyAsync(() -> 42);
assertThat(MoreFutures.get(future), equalTo(42));
}
@Test
public void supplyAsyncFailure() throws Exception {
final String testMessage = "this is just a test";
CompletionStage<Long> future =
MoreFutures.supplyAsync(
() -> {
throw new IllegalStateException(testMessage);
});
thrown.expect(ExecutionException.class);
thrown.expectCause(isA(IllegalStateException.class));
thrown.expectMessage(testMessage);
MoreFutures.get(future);
}
@Test
public void runAsyncSuccess() throws Exception {
AtomicInteger result = new AtomicInteger(0);
CompletionStage<Void> sideEffectFuture =
MoreFutures.runAsync(
() -> {
result.set(42);
});
MoreFutures.get(sideEffectFuture);
assertThat(result.get(), equalTo(42));
}
@Test
public void runAsyncFailure() throws Exception {
final String testMessage = "this is just a test";
CompletionStage<Void> sideEffectFuture =
MoreFutures.runAsync(
() -> {
throw new IllegalStateException(testMessage);
});
thrown.expect(ExecutionException.class);
thrown.expectCause(isA(IllegalStateException.class));
thrown.expectMessage(testMessage);
MoreFutures.get(sideEffectFuture);
}
@Test
public void testAllAsListRespectsOriginalList() throws Exception {
CountDownLatch waitTillThreadRunning = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch waitTillClearHasHappened = new CountDownLatch(1);
List<CompletionStage<Void>> stages = new ArrayList<>();
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillThreadRunning::countDown));
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillClearHasHappened::await));
CompletionStage<List<Void>> results = MoreFutures.allAsList(stages);
waitTillThreadRunning.await();
stages.clear();
waitTillClearHasHappened.countDown();
assertEquals(MoreFutures.get(results), Arrays.asList(null, null));
}
@Test
public void testAllAsListNoExceptionDueToMutation() throws Exception {
// This loop runs many times trying to exercise a race condition that existed where mutation
// of the passed in completion stages lead to various exceptions (such as a
// ConcurrentModificationException). See path_to_url
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
CountDownLatch waitTillThreadRunning = new CountDownLatch(1);
List<CompletionStage<Void>> stages = new ArrayList<>();
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillThreadRunning::countDown));
CompletionStage<List<Void>> results = MoreFutures.allAsList(stages);
waitTillThreadRunning.await();
stages.clear();
MoreFutures.get(results);
}
}
@Test
public void testAllAsListWithExceptionsRespectsOriginalList() throws Exception {
CountDownLatch waitTillThreadRunning = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch waitTillClearHasHappened = new CountDownLatch(1);
List<CompletionStage<Void>> stages = new ArrayList<>();
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillThreadRunning::countDown));
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillClearHasHappened::await));
CompletionStage<List<ExceptionOrResult<Void>>> results =
MoreFutures.allAsListWithExceptions(stages);
waitTillThreadRunning.await();
stages.clear();
waitTillClearHasHappened.countDown();
assertEquals(
MoreFutures.get(results),
Arrays.asList(ExceptionOrResult.result(null), ExceptionOrResult.result(null)));
}
@Test
public void testAllAsListWithExceptionsNoExceptionDueToMutation() throws Exception {
// This loop runs many times trying to exercise a race condition that existed where mutation
// of the passed in completion stages lead to various exceptions (such as a
// ConcurrentModificationException). See path_to_url
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
CountDownLatch waitTillThreadRunning = new CountDownLatch(1);
List<CompletionStage<Void>> stages = new ArrayList<>();
stages.add(MoreFutures.runAsync(waitTillThreadRunning::countDown));
CompletionStage<List<ExceptionOrResult<Void>>> results =
MoreFutures.allAsListWithExceptions(stages);
waitTillThreadRunning.await();
stages.clear();
MoreFutures.get(results);
}
}
}
``` |
São Jorge () is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal. Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by the Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is long and, north to south, wide: its area is .
History
It is unclear when the first explorers discovered the island of São Jorge; as part of the politics of human occupation, the Azores were populated after 1430 (probably 1439) through the initiative of Prince Henry the Navigator. 23 April, known as the feast day of Saint George, has been cited by historians as the reason for the island's name, although this is likely conjecture. Genovese and Catalan maps of the 14th century originally designated the long, slender island "São Jorge", a designation that was maintained by Infante D. Henrique when settlers from northern Europe began to colonize the island (around 1460, or twenty years after it was first sighted).
Although unclear, Azorean chroniclers believe that settlement on the island concentrated around the two communities of Velas and Calheta, and developed into the interior. It was in 1460 that the construction of the first church dedicated to São Jorge occurred in the area of Velas, from the testaments of Infante D. Henrique. What is certain is that the island was populated by the time that João Vaz Corte Real, the Donatary-Captain of Angra do Heroísmo (Terceira) obtained the captaincy of the island, by contract on 4 May 1483. By 1500, the settlement of Velas was elevated from villa to municipality (giving rise to the supposition that Velas was the first center on the island). By 1659, the parochial church had already undergone public restoration, that gave origin to the present church in that municipality.
After an unsuccessful adventure to the island of Flores, the Flemish nobleman Willem van der Haegen (later known as Guilherme da Silveira) moved to the area of Topo where he established and founded a local community, in 1480. After living there for several years he died and was buried in the chapel of the Casa dos Tiagos. Topo was eventually elevated to capital of the municipality by 1510, but lost this title to Calheta on June 3, 1534. During this period, the island was wild and many of the roads difficult or non-existent between the communities, resulting in isolated villages located along the coast. Connections between these communities developed by sea, and the better provisioned ports were likely to develop economically. This was the case with Calheta, Urzelina and Velas; the sites, although farther from the Terceira (the towns are located on the opposite coast), were preferred way-points due to secure and sheltered ports, with good anchorage and providing many goods and services. The growth of the population was rapid, and by the mid-17th century, São Jorge had approximately 3000 inhabitants and three towns: Velas, Topo and Calheta. The island demonstrated a strong economic vitality: in addition to wine, corn, and yam, it was also an important exporter of woad to Flanders and other countries in Europe.
The dynastic crisis (1580) caused by the ascension of King Philip II of Spain (King Philip I of Portugal) had consequences on the island, since gentry supported (along with those on Terceira) the pretender to the throne, António, Prior of Crato. King António reigned on the continent for about twenty days, until he was defeated at the Battle of Alcântra, whereupon he moved his court to Terceira Island and governed in opposition until 1583. The Habsburg-supported King Phillip finally defeated his forces at sea at the Battle of Ponta Delgada between July 25–26, 1582, and the garrisons in São Jorge only capitulated to the forces of Castillo after the fall of Terceira in 1583.
Following 1583, the island experienced a period of relative isolation, partially due to the poor quality of its ports and its limited economic importance. After the Spanish occupation, it was largely abandoned and its inhabitants were left to survive a meager existence. The island did not escape Atlantic piracy: the islanders were subject to attacks by English and French privateers in 1589 and 1590, raiders after 1590 (from the Barbary coast and lands occupied by the Turks) and during the 17th and 18th centuries (mostly around Calheta). In 1625, the inhabitants of Fajã de São João were captured by pirates and likely sold into slavery. The tranquillity around the island was also broken on September 20, 1708, when the town of Velas was attacked by French pirates under the command of René Duguay-Trouin. The population of the community resisted for twenty-four hours, but eventually the pirates made shore where they disembarked. The resistance, commanded by Sergeant-major Amaro Soares de Sousa, occurred around the village of Banquetas saving the other villages from occupation and pillaging.
During the Portuguese Civil War, Liberalist forces were stationed on the island after May 10, 1831. Generally, the island's residents have lived for many years in isolation, interrupted by rare visits from the authorities, commercial boats from the local islands, and the occasional nobleman who has come to contemplate the local scenery.
With the inauguration of its ports, and the airport/aerodrome (April 23, 1982) commercial ventures have grown (especially the export of the local cheese), the expansion of animal husbandry, the fisheries and a small crafts industry.
Geography
Physical geography
Unique among the islands of Azores, São Jorge is uncharacteristically long and slender and susceptible to ocean erosion. The island was built on fissural volcanism associated with the plate tectonics of the mid-Atlantic Ridge and a transform fault that extends from the Ridge to the island of São Miguel (referred to as the São Jorge Fault). Through successive fissural eruptions the island was built up: the only remnants of these forces are the line of volcanic cones that extend along the central ridge (approximately 700 metres in altitude).
The island was built up from successive morphological structures of progressively younger materials, these include:
Topo Volcanic Complex - predominantly built of basalt, hawaiite, and mugearite lavas and pyroclastic deposits and Strombolian cinder cones. Materials in this formation were produced are about 600,000 years in age.
Rosais Volcanic Complex - consisting of the northeastern portion of the island, with a similar composition to those materials in Topo.
Manadas Volcanic Complex - most recent formation composed of Strombolian cones and two Surtseyan cones (Morro de Lemos and Morro Velho), as well as craters and tuff rings resulting from Phreatomagmatic activity.
The island is 55 km in length from the Ponta dos Rosais until the Topo Islet and a maximum width between Fajã das Pontas and Portinho da Calheta (approximately 7 km). The highest point is Pico da Esperança at 1,053 meters. The island has an area of 246 km2, with an obvious difference in the relief between the western and eastern portions of the island: the western coast is ringed with cliffs, while the eastern coast is morphologically smoother. Similarly, the contrast between the northern and southern coasts are obvious; apart from several deltas (fajãs) on both coasts, the northern coast has sharp cliffs, while the southern coast is less inclined. The majority of the cliffs in the northeast are between 300 and 400 m with severe slopes (between 45° and 55°). In this area, many of the fajãs, some composed of lavas (Fajã do Ouvidor, Fajã das Pontas and Fajã da Ribeira da Areia) and others dendritic (Fajã de João Dias and Fajã da Penedia), are visible. In the southwest the cliffs are approximately 100m in height and most settlements are located along the lava deltas, such as the Fajã das Velas, Fajã da Queimada, Fajã Grande and Fajã da Calheta.
Eruption history
Periods of local prosperity or misery occurred in the following years; there were several bad growing seasons and natural catastrophes (such as the earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tornados in 1580, 1757, 1808 and 1899) that created famines and hardships. The most famous of these eruptions began in the early morning of May 1, 1808 (Urzelina eruption). Suffocating gases, as well as carboxylic acid, were emitted from a vent along the Manadas ridge and thick greenish vaporous clouds (of chloric and sulfuric acids) rapidly spread to the plants. Eight major tremors were recorded per hour that caused widespread panic. Many of the homes, buildings and cultivatable lands were destroyed. Between 1580 and 1907, at least six significant eruptions occurred; ten people were killed during the 1580 eruption and eight in 1808. In 1850, the island's vineyards were devastated by the phylloxera plague, which had a terrible effect on the economy until the development of the orange industry (about 1860). The island's isolation ended after the completion of the ports of Velas and Calheta.
The last terrestrial volcanic eruption on the island of São Jorge was the eruption of “Vulcão da Urzelina” in 1808.
2022 São Jorge Seismovolcanic crisis
From March 2022, São Jorge Island had been the location of a serious seismovolcanic crisis. The Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos is following the crisis with a special webpage called "". The alarm level on 26 March was 4, “this means that according to the alarm scale in force in the Azores archipelago we are in the pre-eruptive volcanic phase”.
Climate
Owing to its position in the mid-North Atlantic Ocean, influenced by the Gulf Stream, São Jorge has a humid subtropical climate with very mild winters and warm summers, although, being a generally elevated island, temperatures tend to be cooler on the hilly center and warmer downslope of the many fajãs that characterize the island. Water temperatures vary between while the average temperature varies between .
Human geography
The geomorphology of the island (its high cliffs, rough central plateaus and scattered fajãs) resulted in the concentration of human settlements along the coast. Historically these communities were linked by coastal ports since the trails in the interior were barely transitable. Consequently, communities were isolated from one another necessitating local solutions to common problems and building local ties between families. Velas, Calheta and Topo developed partially due to well developed ports and local economies, in addition to administrative necessity and central positions. The settlements developed with immigration from Spain and Flanders, principally by settlers brought by the Ávilas and by Willem van de Hagen.
Administratively, São Jorge is divided into two municipalities: Calheta in the east with five parishes and Velas in the west with six parishes. The rural population is basically aligned along the lines of communication divided by areas of unpopulated pastureland between localities.
Economy
After a period of small subsistence agriculture, the local economy began to concentrate on a few chief exports: initially, lichen (Roccella tinctoria) and woad (Isatis tinctoria), later the introduction of wheat and corn crops. Woad was one of the most important exports from São Jorge and the Azores; it was initially introduced by Willem van der Hagen around 1490, and exported primarily to his countrymen in Flanders. Both woad and lichen were very popular in central Europe as a dye.
These exports were later superseded by grapes and wine after 1571 and endured for the next three centuries. It was first disseminated along the southern coast, owing to the fertile soils, and adapted well to many of the fajãs of Calheta (including Fajã dos Vimes, Fajã de São João, Fajã do Ouvidor, and Fajã Grande), as well as the areas between Ribeira do Almeirda and the parish of Queimadas (in Velas). These were generally considered lands that were not adequate for cereal cultivation, but where vineyards flourished. The majority of the wine production was located in the area between Queimada, Urzelina and Manadas, with grapes of the Verdelho and Terrantez castes, as well as some Bastardo, Moscatel and Alicante produced in an area that became lucrative and highly prized. Unlike the other islands, where grape vines grew on the rocky hedge-rows or around protective volcanic rocks, the grapes of São Jorge were grown between many of the natural species of bush and trees. Over the centuries many barrels of wine were produced in this method, and about 10,000 barrels were regularly exported or consumed locally. São Jorge wines were so highly esteemed that the Count of Almada, then Captain General of the Azores, created the "São Jorge" brand in order to mitigate fraudulent sales. The wine was also appreciated during the World Exposition of 1867 (in Paris, France) where it rivaled Porto wine. Unfortunately, the Oidium tukeri grape/vine disease reached the island in late 1854 and destroyed the prosperous industry. Various attempts were made to restart the wine industry, such as Francisco José de Bettencourt e Ávila, the Baron Ribeiro in the area of Urzelina, and later Miguel Teixeira Soares de Sousa and Marta Pereira da Silveira, who produced wine from the Izabela caste. Meanwhile, the phylloxera disease continued to destroy many of the vineyards in the municipality of Calheta during the second half of the 18th century, and throughout the island the disease would bring many producers to bankruptcy. The remnants of the viticulture of the island banded together around Casteletes, in Urzelina, which include João Inácio de Bettencourt Noronha, producing a new caste of wines around Urzelina and Fajã de São João.
Orange cultivation spread in the Azores around the 17th Century owing to the environmental conditions and the fertility of the lands. The export of oranges to the United Kingdom and North America was an important phase in the island's economy; about six shipments per port were annually exported, which included about 7 million (or about 994,000 kilograms) oranges. Orange orchards were located primarily in the communities of Santo Amaro, Urzelina, Ribeira Seca and in Fajã de São Joãos.
Another crop to form a part of the culture of the Azores is the yam. It is widely popular and cultivated in any plot of land, and was used as an important subsistence food during the island's formative years although never becoming a major export product. It was so important that it was included in the Coat-of-Arms of Calheta, since 1694.
Long before whale-watching became important, whaling was an important industry between the end of the 19th century and middle of the 20th century, where a majority of the inhabitants were tied exclusively to this economy. In strategic locations along the coast, small huts were built to watch-out for whales and give an alarm to the local hunters, who would sail out and harpoon the mammals. Later, when this hunt was prohibited, the islanders began to "hunt" Albacor and Bonito Tuna resulting in the creation of two processing plants in Calheta. Fishing continues to be an important part of the local economy, although whale-watching has turned into a part of local tourism.
While cereals, vineyards and local vegetables are still grown sporadically around the island (much like the other islands of the Azores) the economy of São Jorge is currently dependent on the dairy industry. The local São Jorge cheese has been the most important part of the local economy, resulting in the establishment of an order, the Confraria do Queijo de São Jorge, to promote the consumption and sale of this popular cheese. In addition, Uniqueijo União de Cooperativeas Agrícolas de Lacticínios de São Jorge (Cooperative Agricultural Union of São Jorge Dairy Producers) is the principal dairy-producer on the island. A union of eight cooperatives, Uniqueijo is dedicated to the commercialization of the traditional São Jorge cheese, including new products classified under the DOP Denominação de Origem Protegida (Denomination of Protected Origin) status.
Culture, tradition and tourism
Festivities
The principal festivals popular on the island are not dissimilar to those celebrated on the islands of the archipelago. There are the festivals of Espírito Santo that concentrate on the many impérios around the island, and are an important manifestation of the religious character of the islands. These festivals occur every Sunday during the seven weeks after Easter, and culminate on the seventh Sunday, Pentecosts, although some traditions vary from place-to-place. Generally, there are processions to the church and masses associated with this festival, but also include alms for the poor, the serving of a meat-soup-like broth (whose methods of preparation and serving vary from community to community) and gathering of the local citizens for conversation and/or dancing.
Velas' Semana Cultural (Culture Week) is also another festivity that mixes local traditions and cultural influences from abroad. During this week expositions and presentations of local Azorean culture are mixed with local concerts, bullfights, and finally a regata between Velas and Horta, Faial during the first week of July. Meanwhile, in the village of Calheta the Festival de Julho (the July Festival) highlights four days of festivities that brings together ethnic processions, musical comedies, theatrical presentations and local sports competitions.
The Romarias (religious pilgrimages) are a tradition of the island's Catholic communities, and strongly linked to catastrophes associated with historical earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Romaria de Nossa Senhora de Carmo, which occurs annually in the Fajã dos Vimes (July 16), and the Romaria do Santo Cristo in the Fajã da Caldeira de Santo Cristo, are popular processions where many faithful walk between religious sanctuaries, praying and in contemplation, usually stopping for mass at local churches.
Tradition
The local gastronomy includes many Azorean basics, but includes local plates of fish and pork with an abundance of spices, typical of the communities visited by far eastern caravels during the Age of Exploration. Clam dishes are fairly common in São Jorge, being the only location in the archipelago where clams are discovered (usually in the Fajã da Caldeira de Santo Cristo). Generally there is an abundance of locals sweets for local tourists, including: coscorões, roquilhas de aguardente, espécies, suspiros, olvidados, bolos de véspera, cavacos, queijadas de leite, and açucareura branca. In addition, the traditional corn-bread (made from white or yellow cornmeal) is still very popular, since wheat-based breads were generally for the privileged classes of the island. The Azorean yam was also an important base of the local diet, as well as an export product.
Notable people
João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa (1776 in Velas – 1875) a liberal politician, rural landowner and author of the 1822 manifesto Corografia Açórica, a thesis on Azorean regional sovereignty.
João Teixeira Soares de Sousa (1827 in Velas – 1875) an entrepreneur, politician, anthropologist and ethnographist
José Cândido da Silveira Avelar (1843 in Velas – 1905) an historian and author who wrote about the island of São Jorge.
João Duarte de Sousa (1862 in Velas – 1909) a politician, historian and writer about São Jorge
John Bettencourt Avila (1865–1937) a California farmer, the father of the sweet potato
Maria dos Santos Machado (1890 in Calheta – 1958) a teacher and PCP activist against the Estado Novo government
José Avelino Bettencourt (born 1962 in Velas) a Portuguese-Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church and Apostolic Nuncio to Armenia and Georgia since March 2018.
See also
List of volcanoes in Azores
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Azores.com, a commercial site but with abundant information on São Jorge Island
The Azores Islands, Site with abundant information about São Jorge Island
Stratovolcanoes of Portugal
Subduction volcanoes
Mountains of Portugal
Fissure vents
Islands of the Azores |
The Books of Magic was a four-issue mini-series published by DC Comics written by Neil Gaiman, later revived as an ongoing series written by John Ney Rieber (issues #1–50) and Peter Gross (issues #51–75). The comics told the story of Timothy Hunter, a teenager who was destined to grow up into his world's greatest magician. It finished after 75 issues, before being relaunched as Hunter: The Age of Magic by writer Dylan Horrocks.
Family
The Trenchcoat Brigade
Children
The Fair Folk
Myths, legends and other creatures
Imaginary friends
Like many children, Tim had an active imagination as a child and invented a number of imaginary friends to play with. However, because of his power as an Opener, these friends became real and continued to exist long after he had forgotten them. As he became more aware of his power, so too did he become aware of his lost friends.
Adversaries and sort-of friends
The Books of Magic
Books of Magic, The |
The Ministry of Justice of Libya promotes the rule of law and justice in Libya and aims to produce an effective judiciary and prison system. The ministry is responsible for drafting laws and, in 2013, announced plans to review legislation so that it may conform to sharia law.
List of ministers (Post-independence in 1951)
Abdur Rahman al-Galhoud (1954-1956)
Ali Sahli (1956)
Mohieddin Fikini (1956-1957)
Abd al-Hamid Daibani (1960)
Wahbi al-Bouri (1961-1962)
Omar Mahmud al-Muntasir (1962-1964)
Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush (1964-1968)
Rajab al Majri (1969)
Muhammed Qadi (1969-1970)
Muhammed 'Ali Jadi (1972-1980)
Muhammed Abu al-Qasim al-Zuwayy (1981-1984) [referred to as the Secretary of Justice]
Miftah Muhammed K'eba (1985-1986) [referred to as the Secretary of Justice]
'Izz al-Din al-Hinshari (1990) [referred to as the Secretary of Justice]
Ibrahim Muhammed Bakkar (1991-1994) [referred to as the Secretary of Justice]
Mustafa Moustafa Al-Qulaib (1994)
Mahmud al-Hijazi (1994-1998) [referred to as Secretary of Justice and Public Security]
Muhammed Abu al-Qasim al-Zuwayy (1999-2000) [referred to as Secretary of Justice and Public Security]
Abd al-Rahman al-Abbar (2001) [referred to as Secretary of General People's Committee for Justice and Public Security]
Mohamed Ali Al-Masirati (2001-2003) [referred to as Secretary of General People's Committee for Justice and Public Security]
Umar Abu Bakr (2004-2006) [referred to as the Secretary of Justice]
Mustafa Abdul Jalil (2007-2011)
Ali Ashour (2011-2012) [Statutory law emphasized that the Secretary of Justice refers to the Minister of Justice]
Salah Bashir Margani (2012-2014)
Juma Abdullah Drissi (2016–present)
*A new Ministry of Justice would not be created until 1989.
See also
Justice ministry
Politics of Libya
References
Libya
Government of Libya |
The South Main Street Historic District is a residential historic district in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. It extends along South Main Street between Mason Street on one end and Andrews and Bradford Streets on the other, and includes properties on adjacent streets, principally Ballou and North Ballou Streets. The district includes 65 main properties, most of which were built between 1880 and 1930, although there is a cluster of older properties (Greek Revival houses dating as far back as 1830) in the northern half of the district. The district typifies the American main road leading into a town, lined by landscaped lots with high-quality houses.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence County, Rhode Island
References
Historic districts in Providence County, Rhode Island
Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence County, Rhode Island |
The Keeper is a 1976 Canadian comedy-thriller film written and directed by T.Y. Drake and starring Christopher Lee in the title role. The film was never released theatrically and went straight to television.
Synopsis
Christopher Lee is The Keeper, the sinister and crippled administrator of the secluded and exclusive Underwood Asylum in 1947 British Columbia where the community's wealthiest families have entrusted their mentally-disturbed relatives to his unique care. However, these families soon begin to die under grisly and unusual circumstances, leaving large inheritances to The Keeper's deranged patients.
Dick Driver (Tell Schreiber) is a private investigator hired by a mysterious client to investigate Underwood Asylum and he soon discovers the connection between The Keeper's therapy and the millionaires' deaths.
Cast
Christopher Lee as The Keeper
Tell Schreiber as Dick Driver
Sally Gray as Mae B. Jones
Ross Vezarian as Inspector Clarke
Ian Tracey as The Kid
Bing Jensen as Danny
Jack and Leo Leavy as The Biggs Twins
Production and release
The Keeper was filmed on a budget of $135,000 in Vancouver, British Columbia from October 1 to 24, 1975.
T.Y. Drake first became involved in the production as a writer, called in for a rewrite after the original proposal had been made to the Canadian Film Development Corporation (CFDC) by producer Donald Wilson. When the original director left the production, the project was later resubmitted with Drake as director, and accepted.
Although never released theatrically and shelved for nearly a decade, The Keeper went straight to television and finally premiered on December 19, 1985 as part of The CBS Late Movie. In 1987, the film was released on VHS by InterGlobal Home Video (Canada) and has long been out of print.
References
External links
1976 films
1970s comedy thriller films
Canadian comedy thriller films
Canadian independent films
CBS network films
CBS late-night programming
English-language Canadian films
Films about hypnosis
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
Films set in the 1940s
Films set in 1947
Films set in Vancouver
Films shot in Vancouver
1976 comedy films
Films with screenplays by Donald Wilson (writer and producer)
Films produced by Donald Wilson (writer and producer)
1970s English-language films
1970s Canadian films |
Kidnapped is a 1971 British adventure film, directed by Delbert Mann and starring Michael Caine, Trevor Howard, Jack Hawkins and Donald Pleasence, as well as a number of well-known British character actors. The film is based on the 1886 novel Kidnapped and the first half of the 1893 sequel Catriona by Robert Louis Stevenson.
Plot
The film begins in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden with the troops of the Duke of the Cumberland ruthlessly supressing the Jacobite Rebellion.
Young David Balfour arrives at a bleak Scottish house, the House of Shaws, to claim his inheritance. The house and land have been under the custodianship of his father's brother, Ebenezer Balfour, but on reaching adulthood, the land and property become David's. Ebenezer is having none of it, however, so he first tries to murder him, then has him kidnapped by sea captain Hoseason, with whom he has "a venture for trade in the West Indies". David is shipped off to be sold as a slave in the Carolinas. He strikes up a friendship with Alan Breck, escaping from Charles Edward Stuart's defeat at Culloden. Breck is in a coble which is run down in the fog by Hoseason's ship and once aboard, asks Hoseason to take him to France. When Hoseason refuses, Breck offers him 60 guineas to put him down on Loch Linnhe.
On discovering that Breck has a money belt full of Jacobite gold, Hoseason and his crew try to kill Breck, but he is forewarned by David and the two kill half a dozen of the crew before the others retreat. Hoseason offers terms to end the fighting, but the ship runs aground. Only Breck and Balfour appear to survive and they manage to get to land. They set out for Edinburgh, dodging the ruthless Redcoats. Numerous adventures follow as they meet up with Breck's family, friends and foes alike. These include Breck's cousin, James Stewart, and his daughter Catriona, with whom David falls in love.
Breck hopes to incite another rebellion for Scottish independence but James Stewart and his clan would have none of it. James felt that the Battle of Culloden was terrible and unnecessary. He also reasoned with Breck that the Redcoats could never be defeated in the future as they had better tactics and cannon. Later on, a Scottish Captain of a Redcoat patrol is killed in a skirmish with the Stewart Clan on a farm. Subsequently Breck, David and Catriona quickly flee the scene, but the seriously injured James, being assumed dead, is abandoned and then captured. He gets the blame for the killing and is imprisoned in the Castle. Later on, David and Catriona part with Breck and meet up with a lawyer to defend James. They are allowed to visit James in the Castle. They explain to the lawyer that James Stewart is innocent of the killing although they do not know who killed the Captain. It is pointed out, however, that Dave is risking his life by giving evidence to the fact. They are visited by the Lord Advocate and his daughter who explain to them that a New Scotland is in the making as part of the Union with England, so therefore rebellions by the Highland Clans in the future are not necessary. The Lord Advocate tells them both that he is a highlander too but would wish Alan Breck to be captured and killed. Unbeknownst to the Lord Advocate, Breck, hiding in a large cupboard, was listening in to their conversation in anger and still wished to carry out a future rebellion. Finally Catriona meets Alan out in the Scottish countryside and pleads with him to reconsider rebelling against England, as Scotland is no longer interested in fighting. Alan Breck is then left to himself, viewing the countryside and has memories of the people being killed in the futile Battle of Culloden. He feels guilty for the young men he sent out to their deaths. He finally realizes that a New Scotland does not need him. It turns out that it was he that killed the Captain. The film ends when he decides to hand himself in to the Castle occupied by the Redcoats in order to save James.
Cast
Production
The film was produced by Frederick Brogger, through his company Omnibus Productions, which Brogger half owned with actor James Franciscus). Omninus made four classical adaptations of novels, all of which were directed by Delbert Mann: Heidi (1968), David Copperfield (1970), Jane Eyre (1971) and Kidnapped. Franciscus said "We saw that no one was doing the classics. We felt there was a need and a place for that kind of film." The films were sold to NBC television, who had the right to show the films twice in the USA (they aired on Bell System Family Theatre). They were also made for theatrical release. The films were expensive because they were shot on location.
The original title was David and Catriona. Delbert Mann says they wanted to focus more on those characters than Alan Breck, but wanted to give Breck "more guts and more balls" than he was traditionally portrayed. They wrote in scenes where Breck commits premeditated murder but ultimately had to cut them out due to the censor.
The filmmakers realised that the film would be too expensive for television. They told NBC who pulled out and the project was refinanced with American International Pictures putting up NBC's share instead. This made Kidnapped Omnibus' first purely theatrical film.
Leads Lawrence Douglas and Vivien Heilbron were relatively unknown. Filming started in London at Pinewood Studios on 10 May 1971. Five weeks location shooting began in Scotland on 30 May. Scottish locations included Argyll, Mull, Culross and Stirling Castle. The opening moorland scene of the end of the Battle of Culloden was filmed in Argyll, with Highlander extras provided by Lochaber High School and Redcoat extras by Oban High School. Pinewood Studios was used for some interior scenes.
Caine later said he "never got paid for" the film. "They made it when they didn’t have the money to make it. I got a small percentage just so they would be able to release it, to get at least some money back on it. It was an absolute and utter disaster from beginning to end." Mann confirms that "no one was paid fully" and says Caine "was a key figure to get us through it."
Mann says a number of actors had to be looped because American audiences would not understand the thick Scottish accents.
Music
The soundtrack was composed and conducted by Roy Budd. The end title song, "For All My Days", was sung by Mary Hopkin.
Reception
Critical
The Los Angeles Times called it "something of a disappointment".
Pauline Kael said "Jack Pulman has drawn a trim, craftsmanlike screenplay" and the director "keeps everything comprehensible, though he doesn’t seem to know how to make the narrative stirring. Fortunately, Michael Caine acts Alan Breck with a mixture of swagger and intelligence that keeps the movie alive."
Box office
In April 1972 Sam Arkoff called the film "a good, opulent movie but business has only been medium." He felt "the lack of something different has held back" the film.
References
Notes
External links
Kidnapped at the British Film Institute
Kidnapped at TCMDB
Kidnapped at Letterbox DVD
Kidnapped – Photos
Review of film at Variety
1971 films
1970s adventure films
Films based on Kidnapped (novel)
Films directed by Delbert Mann
Films scored by Roy Budd
British adventure films
Films based on multiple works of a series
1970s children's films
Films set in Scotland
Films shot in Argyll and Bute
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
1970s English-language films
1970s British films |
Xhafer Deva's house is a building with great architectural and cultural values which is situated in the city of Mitrovica, Kosovo.
Xhafer Deva's house was built in 1930 by Austrian architects and workers. It is a beautiful building. It was owned by Xhafer Deva, the Albanian Minister of Internal Affairs in 1943 and 1944. The building is slowly becoming a ruin; some poor families live there at risk to their lives and where other people throw their garbage.
Even though it has been declared a cultural monument and despite its architectural and historical value, no one has cared for it. It was once the pride of Mitrovica. Representatives of the cultural heritage center in Mitrovica plan to restore the building at a cost of about 150,000 euros, after which the cultural heritage center of Mitrovica will be based there, some rooms will turn to a museum for Xhafer Deva and his family, and the municipality will have rooms to host international guests.
See also
Monuments in Mitrovica
Xhafer Deva
References
Monuments and memorials in Kosovo
Residential buildings in Kosovo
District of Mitrovica
Cultural heritage monuments in Mitrovica, Kosovo |
Findo Gask is a small village in Perth and Kinross in Scotland, just off the main A9 road. It is in Strathearn.
There are nearby remains associated with the Roman Road to the south and the Roman Frontier on the Gask Ridge.
The area was associated with the family of Laurence Oliphant, and his daughter, the songwriter Lady Nairne, was born there.
During the Second World War, units of the Polish Army were stationed at Findo Gask Airfield (now disused).
The woodlands around Findo Gask are known to be excellent sites for the collection of truffles, particularly black truffles, and truffle hunters can often be observed there during certain seasons.
Gask House was built here in 1801 designed by Richard Crichton a pupil of Robert Adam.
Derivation
Gask refers to the nearby Gask Ridge. In Scottish Gaelic, a gasg is a projecting tail or strip of land. The name is shared with other local places including Nether Gask Cottage and Trinity Gask.
Findo is a reference to Fynnoga or Findoca, a saint commemorated in the area. The village was once known as Fyndogask. ("FINDO" is also an aviation waypoint in the vicinity.)
In popular culture
Findo Gask is the name of a demon in Angel Fire East and Armageddon's Children, part of a series of epic fantasy novels by Terry Brooks.
The short story Findo Gask by Elizabeth E. Wein appears in the anthology Concussion published for the 57th British National Science Fiction Convention (April 2006), edited by Bridget Bradshaw, Farah Mendlesohn and Peter Young.
Glasgow-based electropop band Findo Gask are named after the village.
On the Origin of Findo Gask is a book by David McCreight, about the coming of age of a teenager in the Black Isle of Scotland.
Notable people
Robert Gardiner, cricketer and curler
References
Villages in Perth and Kinross |
Louise Baker may refer to:
M. Louise Baker, American archaeological illustrator
Louise Baker, character in Almost Normal
Louise Baker, see Custody battle for Anna Mae He |
This is a list of rugby league footballers who have played first grade for the Gold Coast Chargers. Players are listed in the order they made their debut.
Players
References
External links
Rugby League Tables / Gold Coast Chargers Point Scorers
RLP List of Players
Lists of Australian rugby league players
National Rugby League lists
Gold Coast, Queensland-related lists |
```eiffel
/*
* Program type: Embedded Static SQL
*
* Description:
* This program performs a positioned update.
* All job grades are selected, and the salary range
* for the job may be increased by some factor, if any
* of the employees have a salary close to the upper
* limit of their job grade.
* The contents of this file are subject to the Interbase Public
*
* "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express
*
* The Original Code was created by Inprise Corporation
* and its predecessors. Portions created by Inprise Corporation are
*
* All Rights Reserved.
* Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
*/
#include "example.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
EXEC SQL
BEGIN DECLARE SECTION;
BASED_ON job.job_code job;
BASED_ON job.job_grade grade;
BASED_ON job.job_country country;
BASED_ON job.max_salary max_salary;
EXEC SQL
END DECLARE SECTION;
int main (void)
{
char jobstr[25];
float mult_factor;
EXEC SQL
WHENEVER SQLERROR GO TO Error;
/* Declare the cursor, allowing for the update of max_salary field. */
EXEC SQL
DECLARE sal_range CURSOR FOR
SELECT job_grade, job_code, job_country, max_salary
FROM job
FOR UPDATE OF max_salary;
EXEC SQL
OPEN sal_range;
printf("\nIncreasing maximum salary limit for the following jobs:\n\n");
printf("%-25s%-22s%-22s\n\n", " JOB NAME", "CURRENT MAX", "NEW MAX");
for (;;)
{
EXEC SQL
FETCH sal_range INTO :grade, :job, :country, :max_salary;
if (SQLCODE == 100)
break;
/* Check if any of the employees in this job category are within
* 10% of the maximum salary.
*/
EXEC SQL
SELECT salary
FROM employee
WHERE job_grade = :grade
AND job_code = :job
AND job_country = :country
AND salary * 0.1 + salary > :max_salary;
/* If so, increase the maximum salary. */
if (SQLCODE == 0)
{
/* Determine the increase amount; for example, 5%. */
mult_factor = 0.05;
sprintf(jobstr, "%s %d (%s)", job, grade, country);
printf("%-25s%10.2f%20.2f\n", jobstr,
max_salary, max_salary * mult_factor + max_salary);
EXEC SQL
UPDATE job
SET max_salary = :max_salary + :max_salary * :mult_factor
WHERE CURRENT OF sal_range;
}
}
printf("\n");
EXEC SQL
CLOSE sal_range;
/* Don't actually save the changes. */
EXEC SQL
ROLLBACK RELEASE;
return 0;
Error:
isc_print_sqlerror(SQLCODE, gds__status);
return 1 ;
}
``` |
The 2006 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 7, 2006. One-term incumbent DFL U.S. Senator Mark Dayton announced in February 2005 that he would retire instead of seeking a second term. The primary elections took place on September 12, 2006. DFL nominee Amy Klobuchar won the open seat.
DFL primary
Candidates
Amy Klobuchar, Hennepin County Attorney
Darryl Stanton, businessman
Campaign
Klobuchar gained the early endorsement of the majority of DFL state legislators in Minnesota. A poll taken of DFL state delegates showed Klobuchar beating her then closest opponent, Patty Wetterling, 66% to 15%. As of June 30, 2005, Klobuchar had more cash on hand than any other candidate, nearly $1,100,000.
Klobuchar was endorsed by EMILY's List on September 29, 2005. On January 20, 2006, Wetterling dropped out of the race and endorsed Klobuchar.
Former Senate candidate and prominent lawyer Mike Ciresi, who was widely seen as the only other serious potential DFL candidate, indicated on February 7, 2006 that he would not enter the race. That removal of her most significant potential competitor for the DFL nomination was viewed as an important boost for Klobuchar.
The only other serious candidate for the DFL endorsement was veterinarian Ford Bell. Bell, a staunch liberal, ran on a platform of implementing single-payer healthcare and immediate withdrawal from Iraq. Klobuchar won the official DFL endorsement on June 9, 2006. Bell dropped out of the race on July 10 citing inability to compete financially and also endorsed Klobuchar.
Results
Republican primary
Candidates
Mark Kennedy, U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 6th congressional district
Harold Shudlick, military veteran
John Ulrich, military veteran
Campaign
Kennedy had faced potential challenges from former U.S. Senator Rod Grams, as well as U.S. Representative Gil Gutknecht, but both men were persuaded by national GOP leaders to run for the House instead. (Grams lost to Representative Jim Oberstar, while Gutknecht lost his reelection bid to Tim Walz.)
Results
Independence primary
Candidates
Robert Fitzgerald, public-access television executive
Miles W. Collins
Stephen Williams, salesman
Results
General election
Candidates
Major
Mark Kennedy (R), U.S. Congressman
Amy Klobuchar (D), Hennepin County Attorney
Robert Fitzgerald (IPM), public-access television cable TV show director
Minor
Michael Cavlan (G), nurse and independent journalist
Ben Powers (C), quality control technician
Peter Idusogie (I), businessman (write-in)
Campaign
Kennedy's routine support of President George W. Bush in House votes appeared to be a central issue for Democrats in the campaign. In June 2006, allegations were made that many references to and photos of Bush had been removed from Kennedy's official U.S. House website; in rebuttal, Republicans said that there were 72 references to Bush on the website and that the changes noted by critics had been made some time ago, as part of the normal updating process. The latest from the StarTribune Ben Powers was the only ballot-qualified candidate not invited to appear on Minnesota Public Television's Almanac program, despite Powers's offer to fill the space left unfilled by Klobuchar's decision not to appear with Kennedy and Fitzgerald on the program. Green candidate Michael Cavlan appeared on the program twice during the campaign as a special guest.
Debates
Complete video of debate, September 19, 2006
Complete video of debate, October 15, 2006
Complete video of debate, October 29, 2006
Predictions
Polling
After the release of the Minnesota Poll on September 17, 2006, showing Klobuchar ahead by 24%, Kennedy's campaign issued a statement Mark Kennedy for US Senate from Joe Pally, the campaign's communications director. He claimed that the margin was exaggerated because of bias by the Star Tribune and that the poll "is clearly more about discouraging Kennedy supporters than on reflecting the true status of one of the most closely contested Senate races in the country.". This press release came in the wake of news that the Republican party was scaling back funding for Kennedy's election campaign to shore up campaigns in states seen as winnable. Kennedy's campaign frequently accused the Star Tribune of bias in favor of Klobuchar, whose father was an editorial columnist and sportswriter for the paper until his retirement. A subsequent poll by Rasmussen Reports showed a similar lead for Klobuchar and the St. Paul Pioneer Press also showed Klobuchar with a 15% lead in September. Klobuchar won the November 7 election by more than 20 percentage points.
Endorsements
Results
The race was, as expected, not close, with Klobuchar winning decisively. She did well in major cities, such as Minneapolis and St. Paul, while Kennedy did well only in smaller, less populated counties. The turnout was high, although not unusual for Minnesota, one of the highest voter turnout states. Official turnout came in at 70.64%.
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
Morrison (Largest city: Little Falls)
Todd (Largest city: Long Prairie)
Faribault (Largest city: Blue Earth)
Nobles (Largest city: Worthington)
Martin (Largest city: Fairmont)
Cottonwood (Largest city: Windom)
Dodge (Largest city: Kasson)
Murray (Largest city: Slayton)
Brown (largest city: New Ulm)
McLeod (Largest city: Hutchinson)
Meeker (Largest city: Litchfield)
Sibley (Largest city: Gaylord)
Benton (Largest city: Sauk Rapids)
Isanti (Largest city: Cambridge)
Chisago (Largest city: North Branch)
Mille Lacs (Largest city: Princeton)
Kanabec (Largest city: Mora)
Lake of the Woods (Largest city: Baudette)
Roseau (Largest city: Roseau)
Clearwater (Largest city: Bagley)
Becker (Largest city: Detroit Lakes)
Douglas (Largest city: Alexandria)
Cass (Largest city: Lake Shore)
Crow Wing (Largest city: Brainerd)
Hubbard (Largest city: Park Rapids)
Stearns (Largest city: St. Cloud)
Wilkins (Largest city: Breckenridge)
Houston (Largest city: La Crescent)
Anoka (Largest city: Blaine)
Dakota (Largest city: Hastings)
Scott (Largest city: Shakopee)
Washington (Largest city: Stillwater)
Carver (Largest city: Chaska)
Wabasha (Largest city: Lake City)
Goodhue (Largest city: Red Wing)
Le Sueur (Largest city: Le Sueur)
Waseca (Largest city: Waseca)
Steele (Largest city: Owatonna)
Olmsted (largest city: Rochester)
See also
2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota
2006 United States Senate elections
2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election
References
External links
Klobuchar's campaign website
Kennedy's campaign website
Fitzgerald's campaign website
Powers' campaign website
Pro-Kennedy weblog covering the MN Senate Race
DFL website covering the MN Senate race
Full list of U.S. Senate Candidates in Minnesota - From E-Democracy.Org
Election results
Debate, October 15
Minnesota United States Senator
2006
2006 Minnesota elections
Amy Klobuchar |
Eucylindromyia is a subgenus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
Species
Cylindromyia gemma (Richter, 1972)
Cylindromyia robusta (Loew, 1847)
Cylindromyia theodori Kugler, 1974
Cylindromyia vallicola Ziegler & Gilasian, 2014
References
Tachinidae
Insect subgenera
Diptera of Europe
Diptera of Asia |
Ganime Feriha Öz (1933 – 2 April 2020) was a Turkish academic, pathologist and medical doctor.
Öz graduated from Çamlıca Girls High School in 1951. She completed her education in Istanbul Faculty of Medicine in 1957. After graduation, she worked as a physician in Akdağmadeni district of Yozgat. She started her academic life at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. She received the title of associate professor in 1968 and the title of professor in 1976. She had more than 100 scientific researches and publications, both on national and international scale. She retired from Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Pathology Department in 2000.
She died on 2 April 2020 due to complications from COVID-19. Sait Gönen, Dean of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, announced the news of her death on Twitter. The Minister of Health Fahrettin Koca released a message of condolences. The Istanbul Chamber of Physicians confirmed the news of her death. On 3 April 2020, a farewell ceremony was held at the Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine for her.
References
1933 births
2020 deaths
Turkish pathologists
People from Kadıköy
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine alumni
20th-century Turkish physicians |
Actaea podocarpa, the mountain bugbane or mountain black-cohosh, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family. It is native to the eastern United States, where it is found in the Appalachian Mountains, with a disjunct population in Illinois. It is found in rich, mesic forests often in boulder-strewn coves.
Actaea podocarpa is a large perennial herb. It is one of the later flowering of the eastern Actaea, producing white flowers in summer through fall.
Both it and Actaea rubifolia bear resemblance to black cohosh, which, due to its vasodilation properties, is valuable for the treatment of menopause symptoms; harvesters of black cohosh sometimes mistake A. podocarpa for black cohosh, accidentally harvesting it.
References
podocarpa
Flora of the United States |
is a Japanese gravure idol, belonging to the show-business production Plaisir, subsequently ACE.
Activities
TV Programs
Mizugi Shojo (水着少女), TV Tokyo
Tokyo Biyu (東京美優), TV Tokyo
DVDs
Pearl, Vega Factory 2003
Pure Smile Risa Shimamoto, Takeshobo 2004
Sweet Milk, Line Communications 2004
Jonetsu (情熱), E-net Fronteer 2004
Milk Shake, Line Communications 2005
Muku -innocent world- (無垢 -i.w.-), GP Museum Soft 2005
Mizugi Samurai (水着サムライ), GP Museum Soft 2005
LHICHA de GO, E-net Fronteer 2005
Bibliography
Photo books
Ichigo Juice (15果実), Bauhaus 2003
Strawberry (ストロベリー), Angel-X - digital
RI-CHA, Saibunkan 2004
girl, Takeshobo 2004
Fushigina Kuni no Risa (不思議な国のリサ), Bauhaus 2005
Angel Collection Vol.16 Risa Shimamoto - digital
Risa Shimamoto Digital Photo Book (島本里沙デジタル写真集)
Risa Shimamoto Digital Photo Book Part 2 (島本里沙デジタル写真集 Part 2)
Serial essays
KISSUI, Eichi Publishing
Japo-richa Gakushucho: Risa Shimamoto's Dokidoki Shakaika Kengaku Report
e-ONNA, G.O.T.
Richa's Happy Life: Risa Shimamoto Whole Diary for a Month
External links
Official Site
Richa's "Hot" Hitoiki - Official Blog with her photographs, from November 2006 to April 2008
Risa Shimamoto's My Memories - Former Official Blog with her photographs, from May to November 2006
1987 births
Living people
Japanese gravure models |
Anthony V. Napolitano (born March 29, 1975) is the current Alderman for Chicago's 41st ward, located on the Northwest side and including Edison Park, Norwood Park, Oriole Park, O'Hare and Edgebrook.
Early life and career
Napolitano worked as a Chicago police officer from 2000 to 2005, and later as a Chicago firefighter.
Aldermanic career
Napolitano was elected as the 41st ward alderman in 2015, unseating incumbent alderman Mary O'Connor. He was reelected in 2019.
He is a member of the following committees: Aviation, Committees, Rules and Ethics, Human Relations, Pedestrian and Traffic Safety, Public Safety and Transportation and Public Way. He was a member of the now inactive Joint Committee on Finance-Public Safety.
In the runoff of the 2019 Chicago mayoral election, Napolitano joined Chicago Firefighters Union Local 2 in endorsing Lori Lightfoot.
In November 2019, Napolitano was one of fifteen aldermen to oppose a $72 million property tax increase in Mayor Lori Lightfoot's first budget that included $7 million in funding for City Colleges, $32 million in funding to retire a general obligation bond issue and $18 million in funding for libraries. However, he voted for the budget as a whole.
Party affiliation
Napolitano's party affiliation at various times has been reported as either Republican or as unaffiliated with a political party. Illinois does not have party registration, Illinois holds open primary elections, and members of the Chicago City Council are elected in nonpartisan elections. This makes party affiliation a matter of self-identification. Napolitano identifies as an independent.
Personal life
Napolitano is married to Jamie O’Shaughnessy and they have 3 children.
References
External links
Constituent Services Website
Campaign & Fundraising Website
1975 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American firefighters
Chicago City Council members
Living people
Calumet College of St. Joseph people |
The Dacia SupeRNova () was a subcompact/supermini car manufactured by Romanian auto manufacturer Dacia from the year 2000 to 2003.
History
It was a transversely mounted, front-engined, front wheel drive layout under the compact liftback body of the facelifted 1995 Dacia Nova. The SupeRNova was the first model Automobile Dacia released after the company had been taken over by Renault, in 1999. The improvement over the Nova model consisted in a new Renault engine and gearbox, replacing the old Cleon-Fonte based unit and Romanian-designed gearbox.
The "new" engine was the catalyzed and multi-port injected version of the E7J inline-four, joined to a manual five-speed JH3 gearbox. Equipment was better than it had been in the Nova model, as air conditioning, alloy wheels and electric front windows were available for the more upmarket versions. SuperNova was sold in five different trim levels: "Europa", "Confort", "Rapsodie", top version "Clima" and special edition "Campus". The car was Euro 2 emission regulation compliant, as regulations for domestically produced automobiles required. Some of the 2003 versions were Euro 3 compliant.
Engines
See also
Dacia Solenza
Dacia Nova
References
External links
Dacia SupeRNova at AutomobileRomanesti.ro
SuperNova
Cars of Romania
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Subcompact cars
Euro NCAP superminis
Hatchbacks
Cars introduced in 2000 |
The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, commonly known as the Bradley Foundation, is an American charitable foundation based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that primarily supports conservative causes.
The foundation provides between $35 million and $45 million annually to a variety of causes, including cultural institutions, community-based nonprofit organizations in Milwaukee, and conservative groups. It has been active in education reform including school choice, and efforts to change election rules. Approximately 70% of the foundation's giving is directed to national groups while 30% is Wisconsin-based. The foundation had about $850 million in assets as of 2021.
History
The foundation was established in 1942, shortly after the death of Lynde Bradley, to further the philosophy of the Bradley brothers. The foundation's credo is "The good society is a free society."
In 1965, after the death of Harry Lynde Bradley, Lynde's brother, the foundation expanded and began to concentrate on public policy. The 1985 acquisition of the Allen-Bradley Company by Rockwell International Corporation resulted in a portion of the proceeds going to expand the foundation, swelling its assets from $14 million to over $290 million. In 1986, the foundation gave away $23 million, more than it had in the previous four decades.
The Bradley Foundation's former president, Michael S. Joyce, helped to create the Philanthropy Roundtable, a group of American philanthropists that, as of 2018, has 660 members (consisting of both individuals and organizations).
In August 2021 New Yorker magazine, Jane Mayer wrote that the Bradley Foundation "has become an extraordinary force in persuading mainstream Republicans to support radical challenges to election rules—a tactic once relegated to the far right" and "funds a network of groups that have been stoking fear about election fraud, in some cases for years. Public records show that, since 2012, the foundation has spent some eighteen million dollars supporting eleven conservative groups involved in election issues." On the foundation's board of directors is attorney Cleta Mitchell, who joined Donald Trump on his phone call on 2 January 2021 when Trump pressured Georgia election officials to find 11,780 votes to overturn the state's 2020 presidential election results.
Funding areas
The foundation describes itself as supporting limited government. The New York Times described the Bradley Foundation as "a leading source of ideas and financing for American conservatives." A 2013 report from the Center for Public Integrity found that the Bradley Foundation was a contributor to Donors Trust, a right-wing think tank which has been described as the "dark money ATM" for conservative billionaires, enabling them to make sizable donations to conservative causes without attracting public scrutiny.
In a 2018 interview, the foundation's CEO, Richard Graber, described its four major areas of funding as "constitutional order", education (in particular school choice), civil society, and arts and culture. In that interview, Graber said that the foundation would deemphasize some areas in which it had previously made grants, including national security and foreign policy. Activities in these areas had funded millions of dollars for three anti-Muslim groups: the David Horowitz Freedom Center (which received $4.2 million), Frank Gaffney's Center for Security Policy (which received $815,000) and Daniel Pipes' Middle East Forum (which received $305,000). These grants were between 2008 and 2011. The foundation's funding was criticized by the Council on American-Islamic Relations, which described the grant recipients as an "Islamophobic network."
Organizations awarded grants by the foundation have included FreedomWorks, Americans for Prosperity, The Heritage Foundation, the Hoover Institution, the Black Alliance for Educational Options and the SEED Foundation.
Bradley Prize
The Bradley Prize is a grant to "formally recognize individuals of extraordinary talent and dedication who have made contributions of excellence in areas consistent with The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation's mission." As many as four prizes of $250,000 each are awarded annually. Winners have included Fouad Ajami (2006), John Bolton (2007), Martin Feldstein (2007), Victor Davis Hanson (2008), Leonard Leo (2009), William Kristol (2009), Paul A. Gigot (2010), Jeb Bush (2011), Edwin Meese III (2012), Roger Ailes (2013), Paul Clement (2013), Mitch Daniels (2013), Yuval Levin (2013), Kimberly Strassel (2014), Ayaan Hirsi Ali (2015), James Ceaser (2015), Gary Sinise (2016), Peter Berkowitz (2017), Charles R. Kesler (2018), Roger Kimball (2019), Amity Shlaes (2021), and Glenn Loury (2022).
Note: The Bradley Prizes for 2020 were canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Argosy Foundation
Bader Philanthropies
Charter School Growth Fund
Dark Money (book)
Donors Trust
Lyle Oberwise
Zilber Family Foundation
Notes
References
External links
Profile at Bloomberg Businessweek
Foundations based in the United States
Organizations based in Milwaukee
New Right (United States)
Conservative organizations in the United States
New Right organizations (United States)
Organizations established in 1942
1942 establishments in Wisconsin
Climate change denial
Uihlein Family |
This is a list of monuments in Bara District, Nepal as officially recognized by and available through the website of the Department of Archaeology, Nepal. Bara is a district of Province No. 2 and is located in southern Nepal. Hindu temples are the main attraction of this district.
List of monuments
|}
See also
List of monuments in Province No. 2
List of monuments in Nepal
References
External links
Bara |
The year 1985 was the 14th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the fourth year of the Government of Hussain Muhammad Ershad.
Incumbents
President: Hussain Muhammad Ershad
Prime Minister: Ataur Rahman Khan
Chief Justice: F.K.M. Munim
Demography
Climate
Economy
Note: For the year 1985 average official exchange rate for BDT was 27.99 per US$.
Events
13 February – Raufun Basunia, Joint Secretary of Bangladesh Chhatra League, and the General Secretary of its University of Dhaka branch was shot dead during a clash between Chhatra Sangram Parishad and Chhatra Samaj, the ruling Jatiyo Party backed student wing in front of Mohsin Hall at University of Dhaka.
21 March – A referendum on military rule was held in order to confirm the military rule of Hussain Mohammed Ershad. The referendum asked voters "Do you support the policies of President Ershad, and do you want him to continue to run this administration until a civilian government is formed through elections?" The result saw 94.5% vote in favour, with a turnout of 72.2%. The opposition organised a general strike on the day of the referendum, and alleged that the results were fraudulent.
Heavy mortars were used in an exchange of fire between Bangladeshi and Indian forces on a disputed section of the border between the two nations.
22 November – The MOU between Bangladesh and India regarding Ganges water sharing was extended for three years.
8 December – The first SAARC summit was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 6–8 December 1985 and was attended by the Government representative and president of Bangladesh, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the kings of Bhutan and Nepal, and the prime minister of India. They signed the SAARC Charter on 8 December 1985, thereby establishing the regional association, and established study groups on the problems of terrorism and drug trafficking, as well as planning a ministerial-level meeting about GATT, and a ministerial-level conference on increasing the participation of women at the regional level. The summit also agreed to establish a SAARC secretariat and adopted an official SAARC emblem.
Awards and recognitions
International Recognition
Zafrullah Chowdhury, the founder of Gonoshasthaya Kendra, was awarded Ramon Magsaysay Award.
Independence Day Award
Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani was awarded posthumously for his contribution to social welfare.
Ekushey Padak
Abu Zafar Obaidullah (literature)
Gazi Shamsur Rahman (literature)
Abdullah Al-Muti (science)
Govinda Chandra Dev (education)
Mohammad Abdul Jabbar (education)
Kalim Sharafi (music)
Abed Hossain Khan (music)
Syed Jahangir (fine arts)
Sports
South Asian (Federation) Games:
Bangladesh hosted the second South Asian Federation Games held in Dhaka from 20–26 December. With 9 golds, 17 silvers and 38 bronzes Bangladesh ended the tournament at the third position in overall points table.
Domestic football:
Abahani KC won Dhaka League title while Brothers Union came out runner-up.
Abahani KC also won Bangladesh Federation Cup title.
Births
8 April – Masuma Rahman Nabila, actor
1 November – Enamul Haque, footballer
Deaths
15 March – Aroj Ali Matubbar, author (b. 1900)
10 July – Ahsan Habib, poet (b. 1917)
17 July – Abdul Hady Talukdar, academician (b. 1905)
5 October – Abdus Sattar, former president (b. 1906)
30 October – Fazle Lohani, journalist and TV host (b. 1929)
4 December – Bijoy Sarkar, baul singer (b. 1903)
See also
1980s in Bangladesh
Timeline of Bangladeshi history
References |
The Quiet Year is a map-drawing tabletop role-playing game for 2-4 players about community building, by Avery Alder. The illustrations are by Ariel Norris, and Jackson Tegu is credited with additional design insights. It was independently published in 2013 by Buried Without Ceremony. The Quiet Year won the 2013 Indie RPG Awards for Most Innovative Game. A new iteration of the game, with larger cards, rules refinements, and extra components, was published in 2019. The game has been featured on the actual play podcasts The Adventure Zone and Friends at the Table.
Gameplay
The Quiet Year combines elements of tabletop role-playing games and board games. It consists of a 32-page rulebook and a deck of cards, and it additionally requires drawing tools and six-sided dice. There is no gamemaster. Players represent parts of a community, managing resources and responding to card-based prompts, all represented by a shared map that they gradually draw together throughout play. The game emphasizes group decision making, with each player choosing whether to hold a discussion, start a project, or discover something new on their turn. Player speech each turn is limited, creating feelings of frustration on purpose. Players can express disagreement by taking Contempt tokens, which have no mechanical purpose but symbolize the difficulty of community decision making. Each turn represents a week across a year of in-game time, after which mysterious Frost Shepherds arrive and the game ends.
Sequel
Deep Forest is the sequel to The Quiet Year. It was co-created by Avery Alder and Mark Diaz Truman, cofounder of Magpie Games. The game mechanics are the same as The Quiet Year, but players represent monsters rebuilding their community in the aftermath of destructive colonization by humans.
References
Fantasy role-playing games
Indie role-playing games
Indie RPG Awards winners
Role-playing games introduced in 2013 |
, shortened to , is a type of transactional relationship similar to the Western sugar dating. It is the Japanese language term for the practice of older men giving money and/or luxury gifts to attractive young women for sexual favors. The female participants range from school girls (or JK business) to housewives. The term is often translated as "compensated dating" or "subsidized dating".
The opposite case of women paying men, , is rarer, but host clubs do exist. Fraudulent solicitations from fictive women offering to pay for sex is a common tactic in phishing emails.
Definition
The most common connotation of the term enjo-kosai in Japan is that it is a form of child prostitution whereby participating girls sell their bodies in exchange for designer goods or money. However, some organizations and writers have argued that enjo-kōsai is distinct from prostitution, and can include just spending time together for compensation. Some women's centers in Japan, include "the exchange of a girl's company or time" as part of this equation and insist that these other activities define enjo-kōsai. Anthropologist Laura Miller argues in her research that the majority of enjo-kōsai dates consist of groups of girls going with a group of older men to a karaoke bar for several hours and being paid for their time.
Furthermore, in a 1998 survey by the Asian Women's Fund, researchers found that fewer than 10 percent of all high school girls engage in enjo-kōsai and over 90 percent of the girls interviewed attested to feeling uncomfortable with the exchange or purchase of sexual services for money.
On October 26, 2015, the United Nations Human Rights Council's Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography announced that 30% of Japanese minors are involved in enjo-kōsai. On November 2, she revised that estimate to 13%, citing a translation error. In response, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan insisted on disclosing the source and basis of the figure of 13%, and urged the Special Rapporteur to retract her statement, arguing that it was unacceptable to quote unsubstantiated figures to emphasize that this was an urgent matter for the Special Rapporteur to address, or to quote unreliable information in a press conference or report that even the source could not reveal. The UN Special Rapporteur finally wrote to the Japanese government to report that she would no longer use the 13% figure and would not mention it in her report to the UN Human Rights Council because she concluded that there was no official or recent data to support the figure and that any reference to the data was misleading.
Perceptions in Japanese society
A 1997 poll in the Japanese TV Asahi program showed that 70 percent of respondents opposed enjo-kōsai involving sexual interactions, while 30 percent approved of it. Typically, it is perceived as an extension of Japan's growing focus on materialism, much of which is what critics claim is the cause of enjo-kōsai. Critics worry that girls involved in enjo-kōsai will grow up to be unfit wives and mothers. This perception arises from suspicions that when these girls are adults, they will quickly abandon their loyalties and commitments to their family for offers of money and material benefits. However, certain feminists regard enjo-kōsai as an empowering way to "undermine patriarchal models of propriety used to evaluate and control women". Control over their bodies and means to support themselves is a new kind of independence for these girls. Good women in Japan are supposed to be sensible, modest, nurturing and respectful, yet girls participating in enjo-kōsai clearly reject such virtues of female restraint and modesty in Japan. Feminists such as Chizuko Ueno point out that the accidental access of girls to this dating market was not a matter of ethics, but of probability. Sooner or later, these girls and young women would, in a desire for financial independence, tap into this market for their own empowerment. However, Ueno points out that while engaging in enjo-kōsai may appear beneficial for young women in the short term, it also reinforces patriarchal power structures by leaving the notion that women's bodies exist to serve male desire unchallenged.
Media depiction
Within Japan, the media tends to show enjo-kōsai in a rather negative light. The typical scenario involves a girl desperate for money, so she decides to partake in enjo-kōsai. Only later does she stop when a friend or individual intervenes and informs her of the potential risks and consequences of her behavior. Several examples from films and television series are listed below.
Masato Harada's 1997 film Bounce Ko Gals follows the story of a Japanese schoolgirl in Tokyo who is convinced to try enjo-kōsai as a way to raise money quickly after being robbed. Harada uses the plot as a metaphor for and critique of Japanese consumerism, in which everything including people becomes a product.
In Hideaki Anno's 1998 movie Love & Pop, the main character, a 16-year-old high school girl named Hiromi, goes on subsidized dates in order to purchase a ring she adores. Her parents do not pay much attention to her and Hiromi often hangs out with her three closest friends who have been going on subsidized dates. Hiromi follows her friends and begins doing the same. Throughout the movie, they meet with different kinds of men and accompany them in various activities. These activities include having dinner at a restaurant, tasting a man's cooking, singing at a karaoke bar and visiting in a video rental store. Although Hiromi nearly gives in and has sex for the remainder of money needed for the ring, her date gives her a lesson on why she should not do so.
In the Japanese live action drama series GTO (Great Teacher Onizuka), a female student named Miyabi, out of boredom and lack of adult supervision at home, pressures her friends, Chikako and Erika, to go on subsidized dates with older men, and to steal their money when the men are in the showers. Chikako accidentally meets their teacher Onizuka on one of these dates. In the hotel room, Chikako insists that Onizuka take a shower. Onizuka realizes the trap, stops Chikako's attempt to escape, and teaches her a lesson why her first sexual experience should come out of love and not have anything to do with money. Incidentally, Onizuka (himself a virgin) learns the same lesson from that very occasion.
Conversation over the controversy of enjo-kōsai even finds its way into shows geared toward girls (shōjo) between the ages of 11 and 14 in the form of the highly popular Super Gals! 2001 anime series. During the first episode of the series, straight A student Aya goes on subsidized dates because she wants to have money and fun like the other girls, but also because her strict parents and schedule do not allow her to have a job.
In the 1998 anime series Initial D, highschool student Natsuki Mogi is into enjo-kōsai, going out with a rich older man ("Papa") who gives her gifts in exchange.
In the anime series My-HiME, it's believed that a shady girl named Nao Yuuki is into enjo-kōsai. She does use her computer to arrange dates over the internet, under the name Juliet, but instead of going through them, she uses her "Child" creature named Julia to rob her patrons and beat them up. It is explained later that Nao does it out of revenge on men and especially thieves, since thieves killed her father and seriously injured Nao's mother leaving her in a coma.
In the 2018 anime series FLCL Progressive, Aiko is a girl-for-hire for Goro Mouri.
The 2020 anime series Rent-A-Girlfriend, first serialized as a manga in 2017, inverts the portrayal of enjo-kōsai by focusing on the main male character, Kazuya Kinoshita, who rents a girlfriend after being dumped by his ex.
Japanese idol group AKB48's second major label single, drew public attention with its controversial music video, which is a literal visualization of the lyrics, somewhat hinting at the subject of enjo-kōsai. Even the sales copy on its TV commercial was , a comment made by Atsuko Maeda, who played a key role on its video clip.
Societal backdrop
Although the greater part of Japanese society discourages this type of behavior, that has not stopped teachers, monks, government officials, company executives, and others of high social status from being arrested for their involvement with enjo kōsai.
Government regulation
Prostitution has been illegal in Japan since 1958, but only prostitutes and pimps were punished, with clients escaping any penalty from the law. During SCAP's occupation of Japan, the Child Welfare Law was introduced into legislation as a means to protect children from "lewd behavior". Many have criticized the law as being too vague to protect Japanese children from sexual abuse and say it does not do enough to keep girls away from sex markets.
During the 1990s enjo kōsai, as well as other forms of child exploitation, gained national attention in Japan leading to international awareness. Due to pressure from outside NGOs and other industrialized nations, the Tokyo government updated its laws relating to child exploitation. The Law for Punishing Acts Related to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and for Protecting Children, which prohibited an adult from paying a person under the age of 18 for obscene acts, was passed in 1999.
To combat enjo kōsai and other forms of juvenile misbehavior, many prefectures have instituted a program of . Hodōin are plain-clothed police officers and volunteers who approach youths who appear to be participating in juvenile delinquency (out past 11 p.m., under-age smoking, under-age drinking, etc.) and offer guidance against such behavior. When police consider it necessary, teens are taken to a juvenile center or police station for "formal guidance" and entered into a confidential police directory. Since enjo kōsai is seen as a moral problem relating to Japanese youth, care is taken not to ostracize the girls but instead give them assistance and advice to steer them away from enjo-kōsai.
Other countries or districts
Taiwan
The use of the term began to spread to other East Asian places in the late 1990s via media. The idea of compensated dating became popular in Taiwan after the airing of the Japanese dorama God, Please Give Me More Time (JOCX), in which a young woman engages in the activity and suffers social and physical costs. In the end, however, the heroine is able to turn her life around and seems to project a positive image for youth. According to scholar Oi-Wan Lam, Taiwanese teens identified with the love story's plot and the subculture of the characters. Lam also points to the similarities between Taiwanese and Japanese subcultures, and the notion that enjo-kōsai is not actually an occupation, writing, "Sex work is not recognized by the society as a form of work". Due to this recognition, teens in both cultures feel they will not suffer consequences for participating in the activity.
A key difference between enjo-kōsai in Japan and Taiwan is the way in which girls set up dates with clients. While telephone clubs were the main venues that facilitated enjo-kōsai in Japan, the Internet facilitates meetings between girls and clients in Taiwan. Due to this, there have been attempts by several NGOs and the Taiwanese government to regulate Internet sites. Efforts at regulation are compounded by the fact that NGOs and the Taiwanese government sometimes apply the term enjo-kōsai to mean more than just teenage compensated dating, but also prostitution and Internet pornography sites.
South Korea
Compensated dating also happens in South Korea, where the South Korean government considers it a form of prostitution. An annual report by ECPAT International, published in 2004, asserts that 222 girls 18 and younger were arrested for participating in enjo-kōsai in the year 2000. South Korea, similar to Japan, passed a law in 2000 protecting children from exploitation and prostitution. Yet due to the nature of enjo-kōsai, specifically the decision of the girl to participate in the act, the girls who do enjo-kōsai are not protected under the law and are subject to punishment under the law.
Hong Kong
According to social workers, teenagers as young as 15 advertise themselves as available for "compensated dating". The practice is becoming more acceptable among Hong Kong teenage girls, who do not think compensated dating is a kind of prostitution. Some believe it is different because it does not involve sexual intercourse and they can choose their clients, who range from teenage boys to married men. Some even think they are helping others. The internet allows girls more opportunities to offer to shop, eat out or go to a movie with men in return for payment to fulfill their material needs. However, due to the nature of this practice, sexual intercourse unavoidably happens in many cases. In April 2008, the brutal murder of a 16-year-old girl, Wong Ka-mui, who was taking part in compensated dating, drew attention to the issue.
United States
With the economy in recession and tuition costs rising, many students are heavily in debt. Faced with financial difficulties, a number of female college students or new grads are turning to a "sugar daddy" for financial help. According to a report by The Huffington Post in 2011, the arrangements involve women signing up for free on websites as "sugar baby" candidates, using their college email addresses. Male clients, referred to as "sugar daddies", join these websites with paid subscriptions as proof of their financial means. The individuals are matched online, followed by in-person meetings at a public place, such as a coffee shop. Each candidate decides whether the other candidate is suitable, i.e. age, physique, personality etc. If the candidate is desirable, the next date may involve sex. The Huffington Post reported compensation of about $500 per night. Ideal "sugar babies" appear to be college students below the "mid twenties".
See also
References
External links
Compilation of articles on Enjo kōsai
Girls sell sex in Hong Kong to earn shopping money from CNN.com
Japanese sex terms
Japanese sex workers
Prostitution in Japan
Sexuality and age
Sexuality and society
Sexuality in Japan |
is a railway station in Kōshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is the northern terminus of the Kikuchi Line, operated by the Kumamoto Electric Railway. Trains arrive every thirty minutes.
Lines
Kumamoto Electric Railway
Kikuchi Line (Kumaden)
References
Kumamoto Electric Railway Kikuchi Line
Railway stations in Kumamoto Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1913 |
"The Tonys" is the thirty-second episode of the American television series, Smash. It was written by Smashs show-runner and head writer, Joshua Safran, and directed by Michael Morris. The episode premiered on NBC, on May 26, 2013, the 17th episode of Season 2. It was the second part of a two-part series finale.
Plot
At the Tony Awards ceremony, Bombshell won several awards including Best Musical, Best Original Score for Tom and Julia (their first win) and Best Lead Actress in a Musical for Ivy. Hit List won several awards, including Best Book for a Musical for the late Kyle Bishop, Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Daisy Parker, and Best Choreography for Derek.
After the ceremony, Jimmy tells Karen that five years ago, he did some drugs with a girl he barely knew; she overdosed. He ran away and hid with Kyle and Adam and changed his name. After getting himself together, he turned himself in to the police. He discovered that the girl who overdosed was fine; however, he was being charged with distribution of a controlled substance and facing 6–18 months of jail-time. He told Karen that he wanted to be a better man and that facing up to his past would help. He paid bail but needed to go back to the police station that night.
Tom and Julia agree to work on a movie musical with Patrick.
At the end of the show, Karen and Ivy perform "Big Finish" for the Tony audience; the performance is designed for the television audience as well. There is a montage of the various characters: Jimmy and Karen kiss in front of the police station as he heads in, Derek and Ivy hug as he strokes her stomach (implying she told him about the baby), Julia shows up at Michael Swift's door, and Karen and Ana hug as they look at Kyle's Tony award (as Jimmy has gone back to the police station).
Production
The episode featured three songs, one cover ("Under Pressure" by Queen and David Bowie) and two originals, one a reprise. "Broadway, Here I Come!", the reprise, was written by Joe Iconis. "Big Finish" was written by the show's in-house songwriters Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman.
The reprise of "Broadway, Here I Come!" as an a cappella version with vocals by the Hit List cast, "Under Pressure" and "Big Finish" are available on the cast album The Music of Smash: The Complete Season 2, available digitally.
Critical reception
Michael Slezak of TVLine reviewed the episode (together with"The Nominations" episode since it was a 2-hour finale) and gave it a mostly positive review. Hillary Busis from Entertainment Weekly also gave the episode a mostly positive review (reviewed with "The Nominations" episode).
References
External links
Smash (TV series) episodes
2013 American television episodes
American television series finales |
Les Plains-et-Grands-Essarts () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Doubs department
References
Communes of Doubs |
Athrips albibasella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Namibia.
References
Endemic fauna of Namibia
Moths described in 2010
Athrips
Moths of Africa |
Patti J. Malone (born 1858, at Cedars Plantation in Athens, Alabama), was best known as a mezzo-soprano vocalist.
Malone was born into slavery in antebellum Alabama and was sold to the Clack Plantation in Texas. Her hometown was the scene of numerous clashes between Union and Confederate troops during the Civil War, as well as alleged atrocities committed against the civilian population by the former. Later in life, Malone recounted scars her mother received from their owners, as well as her anxiety when her mother helped secrete their owner from patrolling Union troops. After the war, Malone enrolled in the Trinity School, a school for the children of former slaves founded by the American Missionary Association in Athens. Malone’s enrollment at Trinity was not without cost or risk, because local residents refused to hire African-Americans who sent their children to the school. As a child, Malone was forced to work for her former owner’s family as a condition of her mother’s employment. Despite this, and considerable harassment and intimidation from white children in the community, she was able to pursue her education at Trinity. She is reported to have been so determined to secure an education, that she would attend school while so ill that she had to lie down for lessons while there.
After finishing her studies at Trinity, Malone moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where she enrolled at Fisk University, which had also been established by the American Missionary Association. There, she experienced a change that would shape the remainder of her life. At the time, Fisk was a new, struggling institution, without even its own permanent campus and buildings. As a response to this, the university had chosen nine of its students to form a musical touring group to raise funds for the fledgling school. The initial effort was an unexpected success, raising over $100,000.00. After the conclusion of this first fundraising tour, the university disbanded the troupe, but it reorganized itself as an independent group, and embarked on a second world tour. Malone had originally been recruited for Fisk by the original chaperone of the Jubilee Singers, Miss Wells, the principal at Trinity. Malone was selected to fill a vacancy in the group caused by the illness of one of the original members, and left Nashville to join the group in Germany in 1877. During Malone’s tenure in the group, she performed throughout Europe, Australia and New Zealand, including a command performance before German Emperor Wilhelm I.
Malone’s death from an unspecified malady, on January 20, 1897, in Omaha, Nebraska, brought accolades and notes from around the world. The Cleveland Gazette is reported to have recorded that “It is safe to say that no woman of her race ever sang in so many different countries of the world as Miss Patti J. Malone.” Her death was even noted in the press in New Zealand, where the Jubilee Singers had toured ten years earlier.
References
External links
Patti Julia Malone autograph album and papers, University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama
1858 births
1897 deaths
People from Athens, Alabama
19th-century African-American women singers
American gospel singers |
Bandenitz is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References
Ludwigslust-Parchim |
The Pittsfield Colts were a minor league baseball team based in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. In 1894, the Colts briefly played as members of the Class B level New York State League, hosting home games at Wahconah Park. The Colts folded during the 1894 season and were succeeded by the 1905 Pittsfield Hillies.
History
Pittsfield has a deep baseball history. In 2004, baseball historian John Thorn discovered a reference to a 1791 by-law prohibiting anyone from playing "baseball" within of a newly built meeting house in Pittsfield. The 1791 document, would be, as of 2004, the earliest known reference to the game in America. (See Origins of baseball.) The document is available on the Pittsfield Library's web site. According to Thorn, the document makes it clear that not only was "baseball" played in 1791 Pittsfield, it was played enough to have a written ordinance against it to protect the new building.
The Pittsfield Colts began minor league baseball play in 1894. The Colts joined the Albany Senators, Amsterdam Carpet Tacks, Johnstown Buckskins, Kingston Patriarchs and Poughkeepsie Bridge Citys in beginning New York State League play on May 12, 1894. In the era, the Class B level league was the second highest level of minor league play.
The Pittsfield Colts of the New York State League ended their 1894 season on July 3, 1894. On that date, with a record of 13–17, Pittsfield folded, along with Albany, leaving the league with four remaining teams. George Roberts and Edward Cain served as the Pittsfield managers during the short season. Pittsfield players Ira Davis, Mike Hickey, Frank McPartlin, John Pappalau and Pussy Tebeau all saw time playing in the major leagues.
The Amsterdam Carpet Tacks eventually won the 1894 New York State League championship, finishing 2.5 games ahead of the 2nd place Poughkeepsie Bridge Citys and 3.5 games ahead of the 3rd place Johnstown Buckskins.
Pittsfield was the only 1894 New York State League team located out of the state of New York, and the club faced financial issues due in part to bad weather causing the cancellation of home games at Wahconah Park.
The Colts were succeeded by the 1905 Pittsfield Hillies, who began play as members of the Hudson River League and continued play at Wahconah Park.
The ballpark
The Pittsfield Colts played 1894 minor league home games at Wahconah Park. The ballpark was built in 1892 and the early park was later reconstructed. The historic ballpark is still in use today. Wahconah Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 and is located at 143 Wahconah Street.
Year–by–year records
Notable alumni
Ira Davis (1894)
Mike Hickey (1894)
Frank McPartlin (1894)
John Pappalau (1894)
Pussy Tebeau (1894)
See also
Pittsfield Colts players
References
External links
Pittsfield - Baseball Reference
Wahconah Park photos - digitalballparks.com
Wahconah Park photos - BallparkReviews.com
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Defunct baseball teams in New York (state)
New York State League teams
Baseball teams established in 1894
Baseball teams disestablished in 1894
Professional baseball teams in New York (state)
Baseball teams in Pittsfield, Massachusetts |
Grace Rainey Rogers (June 28, 1867–May 9, 1943) she was an American art patron, art collector, and arts philanthropist. She had donated significant amounts of money to the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Museum of Modern Art; and as a result she is the namesake of many buildings in the United States. Rogers was the daughter of industrialist businessman, William J. Rainey (1836–1900), and Eleanor B. (née Mitchell) Rainey (1842–1905).
References
1867 births
1943 deaths
American art collectors
Women art collectors
People from Cleveland
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
20th-century American philanthropists |
Trigeminostola is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Plusiinae |
The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein.
Structure
It commences in the substance of the parotid gland, on a level with the angle of the mandible, and runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle superficial to the sternocleidomastoideus.
In its course it crosses the sternocleidomastoideus obliquely, and in the subclavian triangle perforates the deep fascia, and ends in the subclavian vein lateral to or in front of the scalenus anterior, piercing the roof of the posterior triangle.
It is separated from the sternocleidomastoideus by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, and is covered by the platysma, the superficial fascia, and the integument; it crosses the cutaneous cervical nerve, and its upper half runs parallel with the great auricular nerve.
Valves
It is provided with two pairs of valves, the lower pair being placed at its entrance into the subclavian vein, the upper in most cases about 4 cm above the clavicle. The portion of vein between the two sets of valves is often dilated, and is termed the sinus.
These valves do not prevent the regurgitation of the blood, or the passage of injection from below upward.
Variation
The external jugular vein varies in size, bearing an inverse proportion to the other veins of the neck, it is occasionally double.
Function
This vein receives the occipital occasionally, the posterior external jugular, and, near its termination, the transverse cervical, transverse scapular, and anterior jugular veins; in the substance of the parotid, a large branch of communication from the internal jugular joins it.
The external jugular vein drains into the subclavian vein lateral to the junction of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein.
Clinical significance
The external jugular is a large vein used in prehospital medicine for venous access when the Paramedic is unable to find another peripheral vein It is commonly used in cardiac arrest or other situations where the patient is unresponsive due to the pain associated with the procedure. In a cardiac arrest using this vein has the advantage that the paramedic can stay at the head and intubate the patient as well. Although many EMTs and paramedics use this vein, the American Heart Association still recommends the use of the cephalic vein.
Additional images
See also
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
Jugular vein
References
External links
()
Veins of the head and neck |
"Oil" is the second episode of British sitcom The Young Ones. It was written by Ben Elton, Rik Mayall and Lise Mayer, and directed by Paul Jackson. It was first aired on BBC2 on 16 November 1982.
Plot
The guys settle into their new house after the destruction of their previous abode in the show's pilot episode and allocate the bedrooms. As Rick and Vyvyan argue over one bedroom, Mike discovers Buddy Holly in his, having survived the plane crash on The Day the Music Died by parachuting out and smashing through the roof. He is still tangled in the parachute and hanging upside down from the ceiling, and he proceeds to sing Mike a song about the diet of insects on which he has subsisted since that day in 1959. Mike dreams of getting rich off the song, but his plan ends abruptly when Holly falls loose and hits the floor, breaking his neck. Dragging the body into the cellar, Mike discovers two elderly men lying on their backs under a bare light bulb and hallucinating that they are adrift at sea. Rick and Vyvyan give the room they have been arguing over to Neil after Vyvyan sets its bed on fire, and Mike briefly converts Rick's room into a roller disco and charges him admission to enter.
After a solo match of Murder in the Dark, Vyvyan announces that he has struck oil in the cellar, and instantly forms a coalition with Mike (whom Vyvyan calls "El Presidente") to extract and sell it. They decide to use Rick and Neil as slave labor, with Vyvyan enforcing discipline by beating the two with a cricket bat as they lie on the floor. After Neil inadvertently impales Vyvyan through the head with a pickaxe while digging for the oil, Rick tries to start a workers' revolution and organises a benefit concert in the house. The effort fails, though, as the band (fronted by Alexei Sayle in his Balowski persona) demands a large fee and Rick has not bothered to sell any tickets.
During the end credits, a disoriented but conscious Vyvyan stumbles around the cellar, swinging a pickaxe at random. He ends by addressing the camera, saying that he lied about finding oil.
The episode featured a performance of "Doctor Martens' Boots" by the fictional electronic band Radical Posture, with Sayle on lead vocals.
Characters
As with all episodes of The Young Ones, the main four characters were student flatmates Mike (Christopher Ryan); Vyvyan (Adrian Edmondson); Rick (Rik Mayall) and Neil (Nigel Planer). Alexei Sayle appeared as Alexei Balowski, a protest singer and nephew of the students' landlord Jerzei.
References
External links
The Young Ones episodes
1982 British television episodes
Cultural depictions of Buddy Holly
Television shows written by Ben Elton |
Kawran Bazar () is a business district and is one of the biggest commodity marketplaces in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. It is a designated commercial area of the Dhaka North City Corporation. The Biggest local Bangladeshi fruits wholesale market located here.
History
During the Mughal rule, there was a customs check post located near Kawran Bazar. Markets have existed in Kawran Bazar area since the 17th century. In the late 18th century, a market was established in the area by Kawran Singh, a Marwari trader. The market was named Kawran Bazar after him. By late 19th century, it became notable as a marketplace for household products such as pottery and crockery.
Marketplace
It is one of the largest wholesale marketplaces in Dhaka city. It is also one of the largest marketplaces in South Asia. As of 2002, the market had 1255 stores, out of which 55 were owned by the Dhaka City Corporation. In 2002, the wholesale market has a daily revenue of 50 million Bangladeshi taka.
Business district
Kawran Bazaar has emerged as an important business district of Dhaka. The main offices of Prothom Alo, the Daily Star, The Independent, and several other newspapers are located here. Also, the office and studio of television channels Ekushey Television, NTV, ATN Bangla, ATN News, Banglavision and ABC Radio are located at Kawran Bazar. The main campus of Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology was located here.
Kawran Bazaar also has the headquarters for the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh, along with Export Promotion Bureau, EPB of Bangladesh.
References
Bazaars in Bangladesh
Economy of Dhaka
Neighbourhoods in Dhaka |
Monkswood is a small residential area in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England.
The area contains around 300 houses and flats and the population is about 500. The Monks Walk School, Shoplands shopping parade and Welwyn Garden City Cricket Club are nearby.
The area is served by a number of local bus services to Welwyn Garden City town centre, Welwyn Village, and Stevenage.
References
Geography of Hertfordshire
Welwyn Garden City |
Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Nippold (15 September 1838 – 4 August 1918) was a German Protestant theologian born in Emmerich am Rhein.
In 1865 he received his habilitation at the University of Heidelberg, where in 1867 he became an associate professor. From 1871 to 1884, he was a professor of church history at the University of Bern, afterwards moving to Jena, as a successor to Karl von Hase. In 1907 he took his retirement in Oberursel, where he died on 4 August 1918.
Nippold's primary interest involved modern church history, and he was associated with a number of current church policy concerns. He was co-founder of the Evangelischer Bund (Protestant Federation), a movement for preservation of German Protestant interests.
Written works
He was a prolific author, his best work being the highly acclaimed, multi-volume "Handbuch der neuesten Kirchengeschichte" (Textbook of the latest church history). He also published a collection of his lectures, sermons and essays called "Zur geschichtlichen Würdigung der Religion Jesu" (The historical assessment of the religion of Jesus), and a new edition of Karl Rudolf Hagenbach's "Vorlesungen über die Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters" (Lectures on church history of the Middle Ages). Other publications of Nippold include:
Welche Wege führen nach Rom? (Which road leads to Rome?), 1870.
Die altkatholische Kirche des Erzbistums Utrecht (The Old Catholic Church of the Archdiocese of Utrecht), 1872.
Richard Rothe, ein christliches Lebensbild (Richard Rothe, a Christian biography), 1872–73, two volumes.
Die römisch-katholische Kirche im Königreich der Niederlande (The Roman Catholic Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands), 1877.
Die Theorie der Trennung von Kirche und Staat (The theory of separation of church and state) 1881.
Der Entwickelungsgang des Lebens Jesu im Wortlaut der drei ersten Evangelien (The history of the life of Jesus in the text of the first three Gospels), 1895.
References
English translation
Wikisource biography of Karl Rudolf Hagenbach @ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
1838 births
1918 deaths
People from Emmerich am Rhein
19th-century German Protestant theologians
German historians of religion
Academic staff of the University of Bern
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Academic staff of the University of Jena
19th-century German male writers
19th-century German writers
German male non-fiction writers |
The Coinage Act of 1849 was an Act of the United States Congress passed during the California Gold Rush authorizing the Mint to produce two new gold coins in response to the increased gold supply: the small gold dollar and the large double eagle worth twenty dollars. The Act also defined permissible variances in gold coinage.
Background
Legislation
House Bill No. 746 was introduced by James Iver McKay on January 25, 1849. On February 20, 1849, the bill was reported by the United States House Committee on Ways and Means and taken up by the House for debate. The bill passed the House the same day and moved to consideration in the Senate. On March 3, 1849, the bill was reported by the United States Senate Committee on Finance and taken up by the Senate for debate. The bill passed the Senate the same day with amendments and was sent back to the House for consideration. The House agreed to the amendments and the bill was signed into law by President James K. Polk.
Effects
See also
Coinage Act of 1792
Coinage Act of 1834
Coinage Act of 1853
Coinage Act of 1857
Coinage Act of 1864
Coinage Act of 1873
Coinage Act of 1965
References
External links
Full text of act, An Act to Authorize the Coinage of Gold Dollars and Double Eagles. 30th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 109. 9 Stat. 397
United States federal currency legislation
1849 in American law
1849 in economics |
Rescue refers to operations that usually involve the saving of life, or prevention of additional injury.
Rescue may also refer to:
Rescue services
Rescue squad
Places
Rescue, California, USA
Rescue, Missouri, USA
Television
Rescue (UK TV series), a documentary series focused on air-sea rescue work
Rescue (Philippine TV series), a Philippine public affairs television program
Rescue (Chainsaw Man), an episode of the anime television series Chainsaw Man
Music
Music groups
Rescue (a cappella group), a Christian quartet from Gresham, Oregon
Rescue (band), an alternative rock-folk band from St Albans, UK
Albums
Rescue (Sanjay Mishra album), 2000
Rescue (Silverstein album), 2011
Songs
"Rescue" (Echo & the Bunnymen song), a 1980 single by the band Echo & the Bunnymen
"Rescue" (KAT-TUN song), a 2009 single by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN
"Rescue" (Lauren Daigle song), a single from the 2018 album Look Up Child
"Rescue", a song from the 2000 Sanjay Mishra album Rescue (Sanjay Mishra album)
Video games
Rescue (1987 video game), a computer game published by Mastertronic in 1987 for the ZX Spectrum
Rescue (1982 video game), an arcade game
Rescue: The Embassy Mission, the Nintendo Entertainment System port of Hostages
Other uses
International Rescue Committee, a global humanitarian relief nongovernmental organization
Rescue – The British Archaeological Trust, a British charity that campaigns for the protection of archaeology and cultural heritage
World Life Saving Championships, a biannual life saving sport event, styled Rescue
Rescue, a 2010 novel by Anita Shreve
Rescue, the former codename of Pepper Potts in the Iron Man comics
See also
Rescuers (disambiguation)
The Rescue (disambiguation)
Animal rescue (disambiguation) |
The University of Pretoria (, ) is a multi-campus public research university in Pretoria, the administrative and de facto capital of South Africa. The university was established in 1908 as the Pretoria campus of the Johannesburg-based Transvaal University College and is the fourth South African institution in continuous operation to be awarded university status. The university has grown from the original 32 students in a single late Victorian house to approximately 53,000 in 2019. The university was built on seven suburban campuses on .
The university is organised into nine faculties and a business school. Established in 1920, the University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science is the second oldest veterinary school in Africa and the only veterinary school in South Africa. In 1949, the university launched the first MBA programme outside North America, and the university's Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) has consistently been ranked the top business school in Africa for executive education, as well as being placed in the top 50 in the world. In 2012, the Financial Times ranked the GIBS Executive MBA 1st in Africa and 60th in the world.
Since 1997, the university has produced more research outputs every year than any other institution of higher learning in South Africa, as measured by the Department of Education's accreditation benchmark. In 2008, the university awarded 15.8% of all masters and doctorate degrees in South Africa, the highest percentage in the country. The DHET report, released in March 2019, shows that UP achieved the highest percentage (10,93%) of the total research output units of all South African universities for 2017. Fifty-three UP researchers are in the top 1% according to the Web of Science Index of 2019.
The university is commonly referred to as UP, Tuks, or Tukkies and in post-nominals the university is typically abbreviated as Pret or UP, although Pretoria is also used in official publications.
History
Foundational years: 1889–1929
The proposal for a university for the capital, first mooted in the Volksraad in 1889, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Anglo–Boer War in 1899. In 1896, the South African School of Mines was founded in Kimberley. Eight years later, in 1904, the school was moved to Johannesburg and was renamed the Transvaal Technical Institute. The school's name changed yet again in 1906 to Transvaal University College. In 1902, after the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging, the Normal College for teacher training was established in Groenkloof, Pretoria. On 4 March 1908, when the Transvaal University College (TUC) transferred its arts and science courses to its newly established Pretoria campus, the precursor to the university was established, initially offering courses in languages, sciences, and law.
Instruction commenced with 32 students, 4 professors and 3 lecturers in the Kya Rosa, 270 Skinner Street a late Victorian residence purchased from Leo Weinthal the then owner of The Press (forerunner to the Pretoria News newspaper). The first four professors were H. Th. Reinink (Dutch), J. Purves (Scottish), D.F. du Toit Malherbe (South African) and A.C. Paterson (Scottish), who would also become the first vice-chancellor.
In 1910, the colonial secretary, General Jan Smuts tabled the act constituting the university as a separate entity before the Transvaal Parliament, the "Transvaalse and Universiteits-Inlijvingswet" Law 1 of 1910. On 17 May 1910, the Johannesburg and Pretoria campuses separated, each becoming an independent institution. The Johannesburg campus being reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Technology, while the Pretoria campus retained the name of Transvaal University College until 1930. The South African School of Mines and Technology would later go on to become the University of the Witwatersrand in 1922. In 1910, the TUC acquired its own campus in the east of Pretoria, what is now the western part of the university's main campus in Hatfield. On 3 August 1910, Governor-General Herbert John Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone laid the cornerstone of the Old Arts Building, the first building to be built on the newly established Hatfield campus. The building's striking Cape Dutch and Neo-Romanesque architectural style was recognised in 1968 when it was declared a provincial heritage site. During this time the colloquial name for the university, Tukkies or Tuks, was derived from the Afrikaans acronym for the college, i.e. Transvaalse Universiteitskollege (TUK).
The late 1910s and early 1920s saw the establishment of several faculties as the academic activities were expanded. Courses in agriculture (1917), theology (1918), economics and political science (1919), veterinary science (1920), and music (1923) were established as the institution grew.
Establishment and expansion years 1929–1982
On 10 October 1930, the University of Pretoria Private Act, No. 13 of 1930 changed the name of the TUC to the University of Pretoria. The TUC originally established as an English-medium institution had evolved into the only fully bilingual university in South Africa and remained as such until the early 1930s. The rapid increase of Afrikaans-speaking students brought about an imbalance between the demographics of students and the languages of instruction. By 1931, although 65% of students were Afrikaans-speaking, 68% of the classes were conducted in English. In 1932, the University Council addressed the imbalance, deciding that Afrikaans would become the only medium of instruction. An increase in student numbers necessitated the building of new facilities such as the Club Hall and Administration Building (colloquially known as the ship) when the seventh faculty, the Medical Faculty, was established in 1943. This period further saw the establishment of numerous student activities such as the annual Spring Day event and intervarsity. Student publications established include the Trek in 1931, the first Rag Mag in 1936 and the weekly student newspaper Die Perdeby in 1939. The period of 1948–1982 is characterised by the substantial increase in numbers of an almost exclusively white student body and the concomitant physical growth of the university infrastructure. The nearly doubling of student numbers demanded the physical expansion of the Hatfield campus and new buildings were built in quick succession as the campus grew eastward. In the mid-1960s, the university urgently required additional land and acquired the adjacent property of Christian Brothers' College, Saint Gabriel's. This property now forms the eastern section of the Hatfield campus.
In 1949, the university founded the Graduate School of Management (GSM),
Transformation years: 1982 and beyond
During the period of 1982 to 2008, the university transformed into a bilingual, multiracial and inclusive institution. The comparatively smooth introduction of students from all races formed the initial impetus for transformation and in 1989 the university was declared officially desegregated and opened for all races. In 1993, a policy document was introduced, aiming to position the university in a newly democratic South Africa. In 1994, the university regained its status as a bilingual university when a new language policy was adopted. However, in 2019 a new language policy was adopted which discontinued Afrikaans as a language of instruction in favour of English only.
In 1999, the only two veterinary science faculties in the country, those of the University of Pretoria and Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, formerly Medunsa, were amalgamated. The university's Onderstepoort campus once again housed the only veterinary faculty in South Africa. In 2000, the Teachers Training College Pretoria, formerly the Normal College Pretoria founded in 1902, was incorporated into the university's Faculty of Education, which saw the faculty moving to the self-sufficient Groenkloof campus.
The university's business school in Illovo, Johannesburg, the Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS), was established in January 2000 following a substantial contribution by Sir Donald Gordon, the founder of Liberty Life and Liberty International, and a major investment by the University of Pretoria following discussions which started in 1998. The now defunct Vista University's Mamelodi campus was incorporated on 2 January 2004, as part of the restructuring of South African tertiary institutions. In 2011, GIBS opened a satellite campus on Pritchard Street in the inner city of Johannesburg. The Business school follows on the university's, now defunct Graduate School of Management's, long tradition of MBA tuition as the first business school outside North America and replaced it in January 2008.
Administration and organisation
Governance
As set out in the Higher Education Act No 101 of 1997, the university is governed by the council with the vice-chancellor and principal, Tawana Kupe, the executive head responsible for the day-to-day administration, and the chancellor, Justice Sisi Khampempe, being the non-resident titular head of the university. The registrar is responsible for the academic administration of the university, as well as legal matters, and is secretary to the University Council and Senate.
The university's academic activities are divided into nine faculties and one business school. Whilst the faculties comprise 140 departments and 85 institutes, bureaus and centres.
Main campus
Hatfield
The university's main campus and central administration offices are situated in the suburb of Hatfield, Pretoria and houses six of the nine faculties. The campus, bordered by the suburb of Brooklyn to the south and Hatfield to the north, was built over and has more than 60 buildings of historical value.
Adjacent to the Hatfield campus is the Hillcrest campus, which contains the High Performance Centre and LC de Villiers Sports Grounds, which were developed on . Adjacent to the sport grounds is the university's experimental farm, which is used to conduct field experiments for the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. The campus is served by the Hatfield Gautrain station connecting Pretoria and Johannesburg. A university bus shuttle service operates between the Hatfield campus and the Groenkloof and Prinshof campuses, whilst a park-and-ride shuttle service operates between the Hatfield and Hillcrest campus.
Museums
The university's art collection consists primarily of paintings, sculptures and graphic works by South African artists including the likes of Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef, Gregoire Boonzaier, William Kentridge and Sam Nhlengethwa. The collection also incorporates artworks by renowned international artists such as Max Pechstein, Käthe Kollwitz, Max Liebermann, George Grosz, Otto Mueller, Rembrandt van Rijn, Thomas Benton and Marc Chagall. The university's sculpture collection, the largest such collection in South Africa, contains sculptures by Sidney Kumalo, Maureen Quinn, Michael Teffo, Anton Smit and others.
The Old Arts Building was proclaimed a provincial heritage site in 1968 and houses the Van Tilburg Collection, Van Gybland-Oosterhoff Collection and Mapungubwe Collection. The Van Tilburg Collection is a permanent museum that exhibits 17th and 18th century furniture, paintings, Delft ceramics and other works of art, and includes the largest South African collection of Chinese ceramic objects, from the Qin (221–206 BC), Han (202 BC – AD 220), Tang (AD 618–906), Song (AD 960–1279), Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties.The university is the custodian of the collection of artefacts found at the Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site and such display these artefacts in the Javett Art Centre. Gold ornaments, ivory, bone, ceramic-ware, clay figurines, trade beads, iron and copper artefacts are on permanent public display. The Van Gybland-Oosterhoff Collection is a ceramic collection, donated by Dr Horace Hugo Alexander van Gybland Oosterhoff and accepted by the university on 14 March 1939, is the largest collection of objects, publications, memorabilia and photographs of historical interest, relating to Dutch culture outside the Netherlands.
The Old Merensky Library houses the Edoardo Villa Museum. The Edoardo Villa Museum currently houses the largest collection of sculptures by the Italian artist Edoardo Villa and one South Africa's most renowned sculptors, who was mentored by Minotti at the Scuola D’Arte Andrea Fontoniby.
The Van Wouw Museum is the largest collection of bronze, marble and plaster sculptures by the famous pioneer South African sculptor, Anton van Wouw (1862–1945). Van Wouw, who is widely regarded as the founder of traditional sculpture in South Africa, created masterful artworks portraying Boer figures and the indigenous peoples of South Africa. Besides documents, photos, paintings and tools the exhibits are mainly bronze maquettes and casts of Van Wouw's sculptural work. The Van Wouw Museum is housed in Anton Van Wouw's last residence, a Dutch national monument.
Other minor art collections include the Christo Coetzee collection which was bequeathed to the university by the artist in 2001 and consists of more than 3000 objects, NPK Ceramics Collection, Hilgard Muller Collection, Mike Edwards Collection, Kruger Collection, Frans Esterhuizen Cartoon Collection, Hansie Visagie Puppet Collection, Friends of the Pretoria Art Association Art Collection, Baldinelli Trust Collection and Mimi Coertse Collection.
The university's Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Discovery Centre, Sci-Enza, was officially launched in 1977. The Discovery Centre is an umbrella complex where young children, students and adults can explore the world of science, engineering and technology in a "play-as-you-learn" way. Activities at the Centre museum include: a digital planetarium; exploratorium; camera obscura; biological science exhibit; botanical garden and indigenous technology exhibit.
Key places
The main hall and site of ceremonies, the Aula, was designed by Karel Jooste and completed in 1958. The Aula was the first opera house to be built in the capital and remained the major venue in the city until the State Theatre's completion in the early 1980s. The 1012-seat auditorium has played host to foreign dignitaries, presidents and local and international artists. The main music complex, comprising the 500-seat Musaion and 3000-seat Amphitheatre, was built between 1960 and 1964. The University Chapel, formally the Church of Saint Alfons Maria de Liguori, and the accompanying monastery, was built in 1925 and was bought from the Catholic Church in 1980. Saint Alfons, who was canonised in 1839, was the founder of the order of Ligournians (or Redemptorists), an order founded in 1732 in Naples, Italy and dedicated to helping underprivileged communities.
Other campuses
Onderstepoort, Pretoria
The possibility of training veterinarians in South Africa was frequently raised after the first Colonial Veterinary Surgeon in South Africa was appointed in approximately 1874, but it was not until 1920 that the Swiss-born veterinarian, Sir Arnold Theiler, was appointed as Director of Veterinary Education and Research at Onderstepoort under the supervision of the then Transvaal University College. New facilities were inaugurated at the end of 1921 and the first residence was opened in 1924. The first eight South African trained veterinarians qualified in 1924.
The Faculty of Veterinary Sciences was developed on the Onderstepoort campus, with buildings covering a total of north-west of the Hatfield campus and north of the Pretoria city center. The Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital provides clinical services rendered with full student participation as part of the primary teaching mission of the Faculty of Veterinary Science. It is the only faculty in South Africa educating veterinarians and veterinary nurses.
Groenkloof, Pretoria
During the Conference of Teachers in Town and Refugee Camp Schools of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony of 1–10 July 1902, a resolution was passed to establish "Normal Schools" for the education of teachers in Johannesburg and Pretoria. The Pretoria Normal School, was first established in a house in 126 Rissik Street. In 1903 the Johannesburg Normal School's 40 students were transferred to Pretoria when it was closed and the Pretoria and Johannesburg institutions were merged to form the Transvaal Normal College. When the Transvaal University College was established in 1908 the first students include students from the Transvaal Normal College. In 1909 the school was renamed the Pretoria Normal College when new teacher training facilities were established in Heidelberg and Johannesburg. In 1954 the school was again renamed to the Onderwyskollege van Pretoria (English: Teachers College Pretoria). In 1974 the University of Pretoria took over the sole responsibility for training secondary teacher from the Teachers College Pretoria.
Although the Teachers College Pretoria purchased new college grounds in Groenkloof during 1975, the college only occupied the new grounds in 1988 and was inaugurated in 1989. The Johannesburg , Transvaal College of Education, Laudium and the Transvaal Education College Soshanguve amalgamate and move their operations to the Teachers College Pretoria in 1993 and the latter two in 1998 respectively. In 2000 the Teachers Training College Pretoria was incorporated into the university's Faculty of Education, which saw the faculty moving from the main Hatfield campus to the self-sufficient Groenkloof campus.
Prinshof, Pretoria
Students in the Faculty of Health Sciences are taught at the Prinshof campus, adjoining the Steve Biko Hospital (formerly Pretoria Academic Hospital and HF Verwoerd Hospital), the main healthcare training facility of the university, and the Tshwane District Hospital. Additional healthcare training facilities include the Kalafong Hospital on the western outskirts of Pretoria in the suburb of Atteridgeville, the Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital west of the city centre and built on the site of the old Pretoria botanical gardens and Tembisa Hospital south of Pretoria in the East Rand, Johannesburg.
Illovo, Johannesburg
The university's business school, the Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS), is situated in a greenfield campus in the Illovo Boulevard, mixed-use commercial node between the suburbs of Rosebank and Sandton in Johannesburg, with a satellite Inner City campus on Pritchard Street. The Illovo campus is served by the Rosebank Gautrain station, with a nearby Gautrain bus stop and the inner city campus by the Johannesburg Park Station. GIBS Europe operates out of London, United Kingdom offering company specific programmes.
Other sites
The Witbank and Hammanskraal satellite campuses, were established in 1988 and 1994 respectively and are used as additional practical facilities and for community engagement. The now defunct Vista University's Mamelodi campus was incorporated on 2 January 2004, as part of the restructuring of South African tertiary institutions. The Mamelodi campus hosts the extended BSc degree programme and functions as the community engagement hub for the university.
Academics
Library system
In 1933, the university decided that the library collection necessitated the building of a new library building, the collection which at that time was kept in the Old Arts building. The library was designed by the South African architect Gerard Moerdijk, following a donation of £10,000 (£ as of 2018) from mining geologist Hans Merensky and construction started in 1937. Drawing from his inspiration from Persia and Africa, the design of the building incorporates several architectural styles including Art Deco, Neo-Classicism, Arts and Crafts, Cape Dutch and Regency. The Old Merensky Library was proclaimed a provincial heritage site in 1991.
Despite expansions to the Old Merensky Library in 1957, the library subsequently became insufficient to meet the growing needs of the institution and in 1975 the Merensky Library II was completed, currently housing 7 of 9 the faculty libraries. Besides the main Merensky Library complex, the university library system also includes the separately administered Jotello F Soga Library (Veterinary Science), Oliver R Tambo Law Library, Education Library, Mamelodi Library, Dentistry Library and Health Sciences Library.
The Oliver R Tambo Law Library houses the Faculty of Law's collection of legal materials and the Law of Africa collection in the library is the single most comprehensive and current collection of primary legal materials of African countries.
In 1974 the Jotello F Soga Library of the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the Onderstepoort campus was established and is named in honour of the first South African to qualify as a veterinary surgeon, Dr Jotello Festiri Soga.
In 2006 the university established UPSpace, its own open access digital research repository. and the university's library has since become one of 27 partners in the World Digital Library project.
Archives
In 1978 the first task group responsible for the investigation in creating an archive system for the University of Pretoria was chaired by Prof. A.N. Pelzer (Vice-rector). Due to the death of Prof. Pelzer in 1981 the project stalled, but by 1994 the need for a central archive system was again recognised by the acting Registrar, Prof. C.R. de Beer. The archives were finally established by 13 September 1994 by the Management of the university and this date is considered as the founding date of the archives of the University of Pretoria.
Research
The university's achievements and performance in research locally and internationally, including its collaboration and cooperation with the private sector, industry, science councils, foundations and NGOs, the large number of graduates that it produces (particularly doctoral and other postgraduate students) as well as scientists and engineers and its focus on innovation, contribute directly towards enhancing the South Africa's competitiveness. A 2010 report by Centre for Higher Education Transformation identified the university as a top research-intensive university in South Africa. The university is member of the CDIO Initiative, an international engineering education collaboration.
The strategic alliance formed in 1999 between the University of Pretoria and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), has been abandoned for unpublished reasons. This alliance, which was known as the Southern Education and Research Alliance (SERA), collaborated locally and internationally with universities, NGOs, companies and multinational bodies in various research areas.
Notable research includes:
Centre for Human Rights
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)
African Centre for Genome Technologies
Department of Zoology & Entomology
Digital institutional repositories
UPeTD
UPeTD (University of Pretoria electronic theses and dissertations) was launched in July 2000 and forms part of the university's open scholarship programme. In August 2021, the Webometrics World Ranking of Institutional Repositories, UPSpace is ranked 130th Internationally, 2nd in Africa and 1st in South Africa. The records in UPeTD were migrated to the UPSpace institutional repository in August 2014, and UPeTD was subsequently discontinued.
UPSpace
UPSpace (Institutional research repository of the University of Pretoria) is the name of the open access digital institutional repository of the University of Pretoria, established as a means for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. UPSpace contains a collection of the intellectual and research output produced by past and current researchers of the University of Pretoria. The spectrum of material covered includes the following: historical or archival material, research articles, popular research material, unpublished research, inaugural addresses, conference proceedings, technical reports and open lectures.
Reputation and ranking
League table rankings
The QS World University Rankings ranks the university as follows:
In January 2011 Webometrics ranked the university as the 2nd in South Africa and Africa.
In January 2015 Webometrics ranked the university as the 3rd in South Africa and 4th Africa.
In July 2015 Webometrics ranked the university as the 4th in South Africa and Africa.
GIBS again ranks in the top 100 – UK Financial Times Executive MBA Ranking 2019.
Student life
Residential life
Residence is provided to students in 24 undergraduate and postgraduate residences and 3 postgraduate-only residences spread over the university's campuses. The first students of the Transvaal University College resided in the Kya Rosa, a Victorian house in Skinner Street. In 1915, the first male residence, Kollegetehuis, was constructed on the Hatfield campus and the first female residence, Asterhof, in 1925. Students not living in a university residence can join one of four Day Houses ( Docendo, Dregeana, Luminous, and Vividus Ladies) which gives them the opportunity to partake in organised student life activities.
Student organisations
More than 100 student clubs and organisations operate on the university campus. These include numerous student government, service providers, and service organisations. The most prominent amongst these are the Student Parliament, Student Representative Council, and Constitutional Tribunal (Student Court). The Student Parliament is the plenary body of student governance and determines the wider mandate for student governance. The Student Representative Council (SRC) is the executive body of student governance and subsequently charters and provides most of the funding for other student groups, and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration. The SRC is the residential student government, specialising in programming, policy, and facilities and services. Societies are registered in the following categories as catering for religious, political, social, cultural, academic and other. The Constitutional Tribunal is the judicial body of student governance and adjudicates disputes primarily between student organisations. Its judges sit on the panel of student disciplinary hearings. The various service providers are the university's primary programming organisations, serving as a centre of social, cultural, intellectual and recreational life.
Student activities
The university has a long tradition of student activities and traditions. It is common belief that if a blossom from a Jacaranda tree falls on your head, you will do well in the end-of-year exams. Other traditions and customs vary by residence, day house and faculty.
The university started the tradition of Rag (student society) (Afrikaans: Jool), a student-run charitable fundraising organisation, in South Africa in 1925. During Rag, students take to the streets in a parade of floats whilst collecting money for charity.
The university's Springday celebrations are a declared university holiday and are held annually on the second Wednesday of September.
Students' song and dance competitions include Insync (formerly Ienkmelodienk), Serenade and Serrie. In addition, the university's Drama Department hosts the annual week-long Krêkvars Arts Festival each July in the intimate Bok, Lier and Masker theatres on Hatfield campus. The festival has transformed from an event started in 2000 and centred around the drama honours students' directing course to an open festival where other students and the public at large are encouraged to put on productions.
The amphitheatre hosts the annual Insync song and dance competition between the first years of the various residences and day houses in January. The annual Serenade and Serrie singing competitions between the residences and day houses are held in the Musaion and Aula theatres in July/August and April/May respectively. The winners of the Serenade competition go on to represent the university at the National Serenade competition.
The university maintains the: UP Symphony Orchestra (UPSO), the only comprehensive student orchestra in Pretoria frequently performing symphonic repertoires, UP Chorale, UP Brass Band, Tuks Camerata, UP Children's choir, UP Concert choir and the UP Youth choir. The university supports, and has been host to the annual National Youth Orchestra course for a number of years.
In addition to cultural activities, students participate in several other non-cultural activities. The university organises the annual SAE International sanctioned student automotive engineering Baja SAE competition in South Africa sponsored by Sasol. Baja SAE is an intercollegiate and interuniversity design competition run by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) where teams of engineering students design, build and race small off-road cars.
Mascot
Oom Gert (translates affectionately to Uncle Gert, from Dutch and Afrikaans) has been the official university mascot since 1929 and has been the object of perennial attempted kidnappings.
Student media
The Perdeby ( The Wasp), the official university newspaper, was founded in 1939 and has a readership of approximately 30 000. Tuks FM (107.2 FM), the campus radio station, was established on 9 February 1981 and is hosted by university students and broadcast to the Northern Gauteng area.
Civic service
Civic service and outreach programmes are performed in the fields in which the university has proven competencies. These fields include professional associations, business and management and are performed in underdeveloped or developing communities.
Sport
The university maintains a long tradition of student participation in sport and recreation. The university has 30 registered sport clubs and 10 academies, in which 9 000 students annually participate in on a competitive and recreational level, more than 1 000 volunteers are involved in sport in various designations and capacities. In 2007, the university produced 93 Senior Proteas and Springboks and 4 South Africa national rugby union team (Springbok) Captains. The university's sports facilities, on the Hillcrest campus, include the LC de Villiers Sports Grounds and the High Performance Centre (HPC), situated at an altitude of approximately above sea level, were developed on an area of .
The HPC, which was established in 2002, has become the favoured location for the pre-departure camps of Team South Africa in addition to being chosen by several national and international federations as their preferred specialisation centre.
The HPC has a bifurcated role between hosting the TuksSport academies and hosting athletes and teams for pre-season or pre-event training. The HPC includes the Institute for Sport Research, Sport Science and Medical Unit and the Sports Law Centre.
HPC's TuksSport High School, established in 2002, is an independent specialised co-ed sports school catering for Grade 8 – 12 learners following the National Curriculum as offered by the Gauteng Department of Education. The school is supported by several national sporting federations and allows learners to train and travel internationally whilst staying in school.
Rugby
Rugby is a particularly popular sport, and there are competitions between residences, faculties, and the university participates in the National Club Championships, Carlton Cup and the Varsity Cup Rugby Union tournament, involving the top 8 rugby playing universities in the South Africa. In the 2012 and 2013 seasons, the university won the Varsity Cup and the under 20-year-old Varsity Rugby Young Guns competitions.
The TUKS Rugby League team has their football ground as their home ground.
Mind Sports
The university has a very active club that was only founded in 2013. The club is affiliated to Mind Sports South Africa and caters for all the disciplines that are controlled by such National Federation.
The club has had some major successes in 2014, with no less than 12 gamers qualifying for National Team Trials. The club has also become the top university club in South Africa.
Football
In 2002 the university established the Tuks Football Academy and the University of Pretoria F.C. oginally playing in the SAFA Gauteng South Division. In the 2003–04 season the university acquired Pretoria City F.C.'s second division status, subsequently winning the National First Division (NFD) Vodacom League play-offs and being promoted to the NFD in 2004–05. In the 2006–07 season the club qualified for the Mvela Golden League play-offs. In the 2008–09 season the club was a Nedbank Cup finalist losing to Premier Soccer League team Moroka Swallows 0–1.
Following the 2011/2012 season the University of Pretoria F.C. will gain promotion to the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL), the top domestic league.
Alumni and people
The university, in more than a century of academic service, has delivered more than 250 000 alumni.
Alumni in commerce include several CEOs of JSE Top 50 and American Fortune 500 companies. Dr. Anton Rupert was a South African entrepreneur, businessman, conservationist and founder of the Rembrandt Group, which eventually split up into Remgro, Richemont, the second-largest luxury goods company in the world by turnover, and Reinet Investments, as of January 2008 the largest component of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. He was honoured as Tukkie of the century, former chancellor of the university, and a major benefactor of the university. Marius Kloppers was the CEO of BHP, the world's largest mining company and named by CNN Money as the world's 18th most powerful person in business. Johan De Nysschen was the former president at Audi Japan and is the current president of Audi America. Russell Loubser is a former CEO of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and a member of the team that started the futures industry in South Africa in 1987. Meyer Kahn is the Chairman of SABMiller the second largest brewer in the world.
Alumni in law include several Judges of the High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and Constitutional Court as well as serving as United Nations Special Rapporteurs and the United Nations International Law Commission. Johann van der Westhuizen is a judge in the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He was appointed to the bench in 2004 by Thabo Mbeki. He was previously a professor at the University of Pretoria Faculty of Law and the founding director of the university's Centre for Human Rights. He currently sits on the board of the Centre for Human Rights and the University of Pretoria Council. Johann Kriegler is a former Constitutional Court and Appeal Court judge from South Africa. Christof Heyns (10 January 1959 – 28 March 2021), a former director (1999–2006) of the Centre for Human Rights, was a professor of human rights law, co-director of the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa at the University of Pretoria and United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. Dire Tladi is a former Principal State Law Adviser for International Law for the South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation, legal advisor to the South Africa Mission to the United Nations and member of the United Nations International Law Commission.
Alumni in divinity include several theologians.
Albert Geyser was a South African cleric, scholar and anti-apartheid theologian. He was one of the first Afrikaner nationalists to speak out against the Broederbond and apartheid on theological grounds. He is also known for his work as one of a number of scholars involved in the first annotated edition (1953–1958) of the Bible in Afrikaans. Johan Heyns, was an influential Afrikaner Calvinist theologian and moderator of the general synod of the Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK). He was assassinated, although his murder was never officially resolved it is widely believed that it was directly related to his criticism of Apartheid. Nelson Mandela paid homage to him as a martyr for his country and a soldier of peace.
Alumni include several sporting personalities. South Africa national rugby union team member's (Springboks) associated with the university include coach Heyneke Meyer and former Springbok captains Victor Matfield, Wynand Claassen, Naas Botha and Joost van der Westhuizen. Other notable sporting personalities include Caster Semenya, Tatjana Schoenmaker and Oscar Pistorius, who became the first double amputee runner at an Olympic Games when he competed at the London 2012 Summer Olympics.
Disputes
In 2022, when the university allegedly owed Tshwane R34 million in outstanding municipal bills, Tshwane moved to disconnect the water and power supply of their Hillcrest campus. The university paid up under protest at the last minute, stating that an interruption would compromise various facilities including student residences, sensitive research equipment and experiments, data centres and live animals.
The university's medical school has been ranked among the top five in the country. In 2022 Dr Angelique Coetzee, then chairwoman of the South African Medical Association, stated in a radio interview that admission processes at medical schools are highly politicized, and that medical faculties implement race quotas. After she apologized for her statements and resigned as chairwoman, Dirk Hermann of Solidarity reiterated that race-based admission processes were explicitly included in admission policies, and stated that these were detrimental to white students and health care.
Notable faculty
Theo Akkermann (1907–1982), German sculptor
Conrad J. Wethmar, systematic theologian
Johan Heyns, systematic theologian
Shudufhadzo Musida, Miss South Africa 2020
Lalela Mswane, Miss South Africa 2021 and Miss Supranational 2022
See also
House Luminous (2011)
Open access in South Africa and List of South African open access repositories
SASVO
References
Further reading
Duffey, Alexander et al. The Art & Heritage Collections of the University of Pretoria (2008)
van der Watt, F. Rectores Magnifici (2003). 196pp.
Roodt, P.H., ed. Amfiteater: skrywerstemme van oud-Tukkies (2008) Protea Boekhuis
Botha, M.C. Foundation stone laid at the University of Pretoria (1942) UPSpace at the University of Pretoria: Hoeksteenlegging by Universiteit van Pretoria
External links
University of Pretoria in a Nutshell 2012/13
– Digital Research Repository of the University of Pretoria
Life at UP
UP Wiki
Tukkies Life
1908 establishments in South Africa
Universities and colleges established in 1908
Schools in Pretoria
Public universities in South Africa
Universities in Gauteng |
Trouble Brewing is a 1924 American silent comedy film featuring Larry Semon, Carmelita Geraghty and Oliver Hardy. A print of the film exists.
Cast
Larry Semon as Government agent
Carmelita Geraghty as The Girl
Oliver Hardy as Bootlegger (as Babe Hardy)
William Hauber
Al Thompson
See also
List of American films of 1924
Oliver Hardy filmography
List of lost films
References
External links
Trouble Brewing at SilentEra
1924 films
1924 comedy films
1924 short films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Larry Semon
Lost American comedy films
Silent American comedy films
American comedy short films
1924 lost films
1920s American films |
Gainsari is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Gainsari in the Balrampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gainsari is one of five assembly constituencies in the Shravasti Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 292 amongst 403 constituencies.
Currently this seat belongs to Samajwadi Party candidate Shiv Pratap Yadav who won in last Assembly election of 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections defeating Bhartiya Janata Party candidate Shailesh Kumar Singh by a margin of 5,837 votes.
Election results
2022
2017
See also
Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh
List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
References
External links
Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh
Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh |
Larry Alan Burns (born June 29, 1954) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.
Early life and education
Born in Pasadena, California as Larry Alan Cockburn, his last name was later changed to Burns at the age of 3 in 1957. Burns received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Point Loma College in 1976 and a Juris Doctor from the University of San Diego School of Law in 1979. He is the son of a Pasadena police officer. He was a Deputy District Attorney of San Diego County, California from 1979 to 1985. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of California from 1985 to 1997.
Judicial service
In 1997, Burns was appointed to serve as a United States magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. Burns was nominated by President George W. Bush on May 1, 2003, to a new seat on the Southern District of California created by 116 Stat. 1758. The American Bar Association unanimously rated him "well qualified" for the position. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 24, 2003 by a vote of 91-0. Burns received his commission on September 25, 2003. He became Chief Judge on January 23, 2019 after Barry Ted Moskowitz assumed senior status. Burns assumed senior status on January 22, 2021.
On March 17, 2020, Burns declared a judicial emergency in the Southern District of California for one month, due to the COVID-19 epidemic. On April 2, the 9th circuit's judicial council permitted the judicial emergency to be extended for one year, until April 17, 2021.
Notable cases
On March 4, 2006, Burns sentenced former U.S. Representative Randy "Duke" Cunningham to eight years and four months in federal prison for taking $2.4 million in bribes from military contractors in return for smoothing the way for government contracts. It was the longest sentence ever imposed up to that time on a former member of Congress. During the sentencing, Burns told Cunningham "You undermined the opportunity and option for honest politicians to do a good job."
On November 5, 2007, Burns sentenced Francisco Javier Arellano Félix, head of the notorious Arrellano Felix drug cartel, to life in prison. During the sentencing hearing, Burns told Arrellano Felix "Your family name will live in infamy." U.S. authorities had captured Arrellano Felix a year earlier in international waters off Mexico's Baja California coast. Burns later sentenced brothers Benjamin Arrellano Felix and Edward Arrellano Felix and other cartel lieutenants to long prison terms.
On January 12, 2011, Chief Judge Alex Kozinski of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit selected Burns to be the presiding judge for the trial of Jared Lee Loughner. Burns was selected, in part, for his prior experience with cases involving the federal death penalty. The entire federal judiciary of Arizona recused themselves from the case due to their ties to the late John Roll, a federal judge who had been killed in the shooting, prompting the appointment of a judge from outside Arizona.
On December 20, 2012, Burns wrote an op-ed column in the Los Angeles Times calling for a reinstatement of the federal assault weapons ban. In the article, Burns described himself as an ardent conservative and gun owner who nonetheless felt there was no "social utility" for high-capacity clips. Besides the 31-round magazine Loughner used in his Glock, Burns cited as examples the 100-round drum magazine used by James Holmes in the 2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting and the 30-round magazine used by Adam Lanza in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Burns called for Congress to reinstate the ban without the grandfather clause of the original ban, which allowed those who already owned a weapon on the banned list to keep it. "If we can't find a way to draw sensible lines with guns that balance individual rights and the public interest," Burns wrote, "we may as well call the experiment with American democracy a failure."
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
Assistant United States Attorneys
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California
Point Loma Nazarene University alumni
United States district court judges appointed by George W. Bush
21st-century American judges
United States magistrate judges
University of San Diego School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Pasadena, California |
Flat-Pack Philosophy is the eighth studio album by English pop punk band Buzzcocks. It was released on 7 March 2006 by record label Cooking Vinyl.
Release
Flat-Pack Philosophy was released on 7 March 2006; it was promoted with a UK tour with support from the Adored. Between March and May 2006, the band played across Europe, which included appearances at the Bourge Festival and Festival of the Arts. Partway through this trek, drummer Phil Barker left the band and was replaced by Danny Farrant. In June 2006, they played a few US East Coast shows prior to joining that year's Warped Tour, and then headlining another month's worth of shows with support from the Adored, the Strays, and Easy Image.
In August 2006, "Sell You Everything" was released as a single, with a live version of "16" and a demo of "Every Day Every Night" as the B-sides. Three months later, the band held two special shows to celebrate their 30th anniversary. On 4 December 2006, "Reconciliation" was released as single, with "See Through You" and "Holding Me Down" as the B-sides. In April and May 2007, they played three Europeans shows, prior to a short South American tour; upon returning to the UK, they played one-off shows in Newcastle and in Spain as part of the Primavera Sound festival.
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the album liner notes.
Buzzcocks
Pete Shelley – guitar, vocals
Steve Diggle – guitar, vocals
Tony Barber – bass
Philip Barker – drums
Technical
Tony Barber – producer, arrangements
Harvey Birrell – engineer
John A. Rivers – remixing, mastering
Buzzcocks – sleeve concept
Paul Terrence Madden – sleeve concept, photography, design
Julia Helen Robinson – additional montage photography
References
External links
2006 albums
Buzzcocks albums
Cooking Vinyl albums |
A sit-down strike is a labour strike and a form of civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers, usually employed at factories or other centralized locations, take unauthorized or illegal possession of the workplace by "sitting down" at their stations.
The attraction of the tactic is that it prevents employers from replacing them with strikebreakers or removing equipment to transfer production to other locations. Neal Ascherson has commented that an additional attraction is that it emphasizes the role of workers in providing for the people and allows workers to in effect hold valuable machinery hostage as a bargaining chip.
History
A few sit-down strikes happened in the United States before 1936. Pittsburgh steelworkers occupied a mill in 1842. In 1884, brewery
workers in Cincinnati barricaded themselves for three days. New York City laundry workers sat down in 1896 in support of a
garment workers’ strike. The Industrial Workers of the World were involved in the most prominent early sit-down in
the United States—at the General Electric plant in Schenectady, New York, in 1906. Workers in Minnesota sat down for three days at the Hormel Packing Corporation in 1933.
Rubber workers struck five different rubber companies over the course of several months in 1936 in Akron, Ohio. The workers at the largest factory, Goodyear invented a new tactic—the sitdown strike whereby the strikers seize the plant, stop production, and keep strikebreakers out. Goodyear gave up, and recognized the United Rubber Workers (URW). It was a major victory for the labor movement, established the United Rubber Workers as the dominant union in the rubber industry, and provided a new tactic for future labor struggles. In early 1937 the United Auto Workers staged successful sit-down strikes, most famously in the Flint sit-down strike that led GM to recognize the autoworkers union. In Flint, Michigan, strikers occupied several General Motors plants for more than forty days, and repelled the efforts of the police and National Guard to retake them. A wave of sit-down strikes followed but diminished by the end of the decade as the courts and the National Labor Relations Board held that sit-down strikes were illegal and sit-down strikers could be fired (see the 1939 Supreme Court ruling in NLRB v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp.). While some sit-down strikes still occur in the United States, they tend to be spontaneous and short-lived.
In France, workers engaged in a number of factory occupations in the wake of the French student revolt in May 1968. At one point, more than twenty-five percent of French workers were on strike, many of them occupying their factories.
In 1973, the workers at the Triumph Motorcycles factory at Meriden, West Midlands, England, locked the new owners, NVT, out following the announcement of their plan to close Meriden. The sit-in lasted over a year until the British government intervened, the result of which was the formation of the Meriden Motorcycle Co-operative which produced Triumphs until their closure in 1983.
The sit-down strike was the inspiration for the sit-in, where an organized group of protesters would occupy an area in which they are not wanted by sitting and refuse to leave until their demands are met.
See also
Timeline of labour issues and events
Pen-down strike
References
Bibliography
Fine, Sidney. Sit-Down: The General Motors Strike of 1936–1937 (University of Michigan Press, 1969) online.
Meyer, Rachel. "The Rise and Fall of the Sit-Down Strike" in Aaron Brenner, Benjamin Day, and Immanuel Ness, eds. The encyclopedia of strikes in American history (ME Sharpe, 2009), pp. 204–215.
Nelson, Daniel. "Origins of the sit‐down era: Worker militancy and innovation in the rubber industry, 1934–38." Labor History 23.2 (1982): 198–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/00236568208584653
Torigian, Michael. "The occupation of the factories: Paris 1936, Flint 1937." Comparative Studies in Society and History 41.2 (1999): 324–347. online
Labor disputes
Civil disobedience
Protest tactics
Nonviolent occupation |
Ozren Perić (Serbian Cyrillic: Озрен Перић; born 4 April 1987) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer who plays for Borac Šamac.
Club career
In July 2017, Perić joined FK Tekstilac Derventa. Two years later, he joined FK Alfa Modriča ahead of the 2019/20 season.
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
People from Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sportspeople from Banja Luka Region
Men's association football forwards
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's under-21 international footballers
SK Sturm Graz players
NK Rudar Velenje players
FK Borac Banja Luka players
FK Kozara Gradiška players
FK Laktaši players
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar players
FK Krupa players
FK Tekstilac Derventa players
FK Alfa Modriča players
FK Borac Šamac players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia |
Marianna Salchinger (born 20 January 1974) is a former Austrian alpine skier two-time winner of the FIS Alpine Ski Europa Cup (1997 and 1998).
World Cup results
Top 10
Europa Cup results
Salchinger has won two overall Europa Cup and three specialty standings.
FIS Alpine Ski Europa Cup
Overall: 1997, 1998
Downhill: 1997, 1998
Super-G: 1997
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Austrian female alpine skiers |
Joculator salvati is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae. The species was described by Jay and Drivas in 2002.
References
Gastropods described in 2002
salvati |
Coke Kahani () is a 2012 Pakistani comedy drama sitcom directed by Mehreen Jabbar broadcasting on Broadcast syndication including PTV Home, Hum TV, Geo TV and other networks. The sitcom is written by Syed Mohammad Ahmed and Yasir Rana, starring Sonia Rehman, Faisal Rehman, Syra Yousuf, Syed Mohammad Ahmed, Yasir Hussain, Ahmed Zeb, Shamim Hilali. The sitcom was first aired on 3 November 2012.
Plot
The TV series details the life of a young woman (Zoya) who is trying to resolve tensions between her father (Asfand) who runs a restaurant in city of Karachi called Alfonso, and mother (Maya) an artist residing in Florida. With the help of friends, she takes on the task of saving her family restaurant from going into ruins, and her family from breaking into pieces. The seamless, simple story of genuine human emotions of belonging, compassion, and love has deeper undercurrents that flow throughout the story, shedding light on various social realities pertaining to the South Asian region: identity politics, patriotism and the evolution of a hybrid culture of modernity and traditionalism.
It is not the story of landlords and big business tycoons, nor does it focus on glamorous lifestyles; it is an everyday tale of ordinary people tackling ordinary issues. The kahani (story) revolves around the lives and dreams of characters from diverse socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds – reflecting the multicultural metro that is Karachi.
Cast
Sonia Rehman as Maya
Faisal Rehman as Asfand Jehangir
Syra Yousuf as Zoya
Syed Mohammad Ahmed as Mutmain Sahib
Yasir Hussain as Beydil
Ahmed Zeb as Raiyaan
Shamim Hilali as Nusrat
Almas Fidai as Ruqaiya
Mahira Khan as Herself (Special appearance)
References
External links
Hum TV original programming
Urdu-language television shows
Pakistan Television Corporation original programming
2012 Pakistani television series debuts
Pakistani drama television series
Pakistani television sitcoms
Urdu 1 original programming
Urdu 1
Television shows set in Karachi
2000s Pakistani television series
Yasir Hussain
Coca-Cola in popular culture |
Arniquet () is a commune in the Port-Salut Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti. In 2015, the commune had 29,180 inhabitants.
Settlements
References
Populated places in Sud (department)
Communes of Haiti |
The Iowa City Public Works (ICPW) facility in Iowa City, Iowa, United States opened in 2019. The intent of the building was to replace several sites with a single, consolidated location. The new building has a footprint of roughly and cost $11.3 million. Enclosed within the facility are the Streets and Water Departments, and their vehicles and equipment. In 2022, the facility received an American Institute of Architects (AIA) Committee on the Environment (COTE) Top Ten award.
History
Iowa City and ICPW had long utilized several buildings which served different departments and equipment. According to special projects administrator Melissa Clow, “the current facilities are in poor condition and are inefficient, spreading the city fleet and staff across the city at multiple locations.” In addition to the logistical problems posed with disjointed locations, the city also observed that many of these locations were outdated and falling behind safety standards. The public works service was due to receive new equipment and significant safety upgrades alongside the new buildings.
A city-owned parcel was chosen as the site of the new facility. The location neighbors existing public works storage facilities and the Iowa City Streets Division office. In February 2018, the architecture firm Neumann Monson Architects was awarded the design service contract by the Iowa City Council.
One of the main goals of new facility would be to consolidate multiple departments in one centralized location. The plans for the project included an addition to the main fleet maintenance building, remodeling of an existing building on-site for the Iowa City Police and Fire Departments.
Design
The Phase I structure serves three of five public works divisions and their vehicle and equipment needs. The program includes shops, large-scale vehicle/equipment storage, wash bays, and mezzanine storage. Also included are police and fire department storage. By transferring personnel and vehicles to a single structure, CO2 emissions are reduced by an estimated 150 tonnes per year. In addition, a stand-alone four-story fire training facility that features a smoke generator, rapelling, burn room, movable wall partitions, roof cut out station were also constructed.
The building's volumetric aspect ratio enables the mechanical system to heat and cool efficiently. The structure's module anticipates future additions and modifications. This structure was constructed using highly durable, cost-effective materials that are easy to maintain. 29% of the materials were made from recycled content, 87% of all construction waste was diverted from landfills and 29% of the materials were from local manufacturers.
Multiple strategies are applied as a means of reducing operational carbon emissions including properly sized HVAC systems and appropriate zoning, and building automation systems coupled with a finely tuned exterior façade. Precast wall panels were used which incorporate 4 inches of insulation, and windows were selected to be translucent polycarbonate, which have lower U-values and less sunlight glare than standard double pane windows.
All indoor water fixtures are designed to be low flow, and a small vehicle wash bay has a reclamation system to capture grey water and repurpose it for street cleaning and roadside irrigation. Rainwater on the roof is collected at a central location for similar uses. These measures reduce the building's potable water demand by 65%.
The roof of the main structure is also designed to support photovoltaics, however such systems were not included in the initial construction. Council members questioned the decision to omit such systems, with one city council member stating: "I think we're making a huge mistake by not making a serious commitment to a net-zero facility... to put that solar infrastructure on the front end... I don't think we're serious about our climate change program if we're not showing the private sector what the public sector can do.” In 2021, the city approved the installation of a 39 kW solar array that will be installed in 2022 and is expected to offset 10–15% of the facility's energy use.
The project's LEED certification is in progress however it is anticipated that it will receive LEED Gold certification.
Influence
The Public Works structure is a byproduct of the South District development plan, an effort to address residents' desires for the area. To gather information, the city's Public Works team interviewed property owners, businesses, and local organizations. Each public works division was involved in the idea phase, participating in surveys and workshops. Among those interviewed, the main points of contention were the lack of "middle housing," or housing options that are more dense than single-family homes, but less so than urban apartment complexes, as well as the lack of cohesion in the city's public works facilities. The result of this feedback was the 2015 master plan for the South District.
Overall, among employees of the new public works facility, 93% reported that they felt like their health improved, 78% felt safer on the job, and 83% felt that the new facility increased efficiency. Consolidating the previous public works facilities into one reduced employee fuel consumption, which has resulted in over 20 tons of CO2 savings per year. The building is also estimated to save $400,000 annually in operating costs
Awards
In 2020, the project received the AIA Central States Region Architecture Design Award Merit and the AIA Iowa Design Award Honor. The jury commented "The simplicity of a shed building was defined by the near perfect proportions and logic of this storage facility...great to see the city/state investing in a building like this. A perfect example of how all buildings deserve great architecture."
In 2022, the project received the AIA COTE Top Ten award in recognition of its ability to address growing civic infrastructure demand while also incorporating sustainable design practices. This building is a rare recipient of an AIA COTE Top Ten award that is not an education building, library, or museum.
References
Buildings and structures in Iowa City, Iowa
Sustainable buildings in the United States |
Walter Reed Weaver (February 23, 1885October 27, 1944) was a career officer in the United States Army. He attained the rank of major general and was prominent for serving in several United States Army Air Forces command positions during World War II.
Early life and start of career
Walter R. Weaver was born in Charleston, South Carolina on February 23, 1885, while his father, Erasmus M. Weaver Jr., was assigned to The Citadel as a Professor of Military Science.
The younger Weaver attended the Virginia Military Institute in preparation for a military career. He left after his third year in order to accept an appointment to the United States Military Academy. He graduated in 1908, received his commission as a second lieutenant in the Infantry, and was assigned to the 11th Infantry Regiment at Fort D. A. Russell, Wyoming.
Weaver's subsequent assignments included: The 28th Infantry Regiment at Fort Snelling, Minnesota; Aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Eli D. Hoyle in the Philippines; and the 15th Infantry Regiment in Tientsin, China. Upon returning to the United States in 1915, Weaver carried out assignments at Columbus Barracks, Ohio and Fort Thomas, Kentucky.
World War I
At the beginning of World War I Weaver transferred to the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps, and was initially assigned as Commandant of Flying Cadets at Wilbur Wright Field, Ohio, receiving promotion to major.
Weaver was subsequently assigned as the first commander of the Aviation Mechanical School in St. Paul, Minnesota. While en route, he learned that 500 students were already traveling to the site, but that the school was being formed so quickly that there were no plans for housing, feeding or instructional facilities. Within two days, he had secured the use of a Willys-Overland factory building via a verbal agreement with the company president, cleared the site of over 3,000 stored automobiles using volunteer labor, and supervised the installation of bunks, classrooms and mess halls. On the third day after his arrival, the school was operational and the arriving students were able to begin their instruction as scheduled. He continued in command until the end of the war, and supervised the education of thousands of soldiers who served as airplane mechanics in the United States and Europe.
Post-World War I
After the war Weaver was assigned as Chief of the Supply Group in the Office of the Director of the Army Air Service. In 1920 and 1921 he completed flight training at Kelly Field, Texas, and March Field, California, and received his qualification as a pilot.
In 1922 Weaver was assigned to command of Mitchel Field, New York. This site had become rundown as the result of budget cutbacks and force reductions following the war. Weaver supervised an overhaul, and within a year, buildings had been repaired, hangars had floors installed, and aircraft parking ramps and aprons had been paved.
Weaver's assignments following Mitchel Field included command of Hanscom Field, Massachusetts, Middletown Air Depot, Pennsylvania, and Maxwell Field, Alabama. He graduated from the Army Industrial College in 1932, and then served as Chief of the Plans Division and Chief of the Information Division in the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps. In 1934 he was assigned to New York City as the Procurement Planning Representative of the Air Corps.
In 1935 the Air Corps created a separate headquarters at Langley Field, Virginia, and Weaver was assigned as Inspector General. From 1937 to 1939 he was the commander of Langley Field.
Weaver was assigned to command of the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field in 1939. In this position he was responsible for developing doctrine and tactical training for pilots and air crews in advance of World War II.
World War II
In 1940 the Army Air Forces began to expand in preparation for war and Weaver was assigned to command the Southeast Air Corps Training Center at Maxwell Field, receiving promotion to brigadier general. In this assignment he oversaw the training of thousands of pilots and flight crew members who served in all theaters of the war. In July, 1941 Weaver was promoted to major general.
Weaver was the acting Chief of the Air Corps from December 1941 until March 1942. As acting Chief he supervised completion of a reorganization and expansion plan for the Air Corps, including its re-designation as the Army Air Forces. This reorganization included the creation of the First Technical Training District (later Eastern Technical Training Command) in South Carolina, which Weaver was assigned to command. As part of his effort to create basic training centers and officer candidate schools for new recruits, Weaver arranged for the use of resort hotels in Atlantic City, Miami Beach, St. Petersburg, and Chicago, arguing successfully that these facilities, then being underused because people were unable to take vacations during the war, were the only ones that were vacant and large enough for the needs of the military.
In July 1943 Weaver's health began to fail as the result of overexertion required by his wartime command, and he was retired for physical disability. He then continued to aid the war effort as a consultant with the Aviation Corporation, a manufacturer of airplanes and airplane parts.
Death and burial
Weaver's health continued to fail, and he died at Walter Reed Hospital on October 27, 1944. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section South, Site 1908.
Family
In 1911 Weaver married Elizabeth K. Johnson (1891-1978), the daughter of a railroad executive. They had no children.
Awards and decorations
Weaver was a recipient of the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his World War II service.
Legacy
The Major General Walter Reed Weaver, an Air Forces Floating Maintenance Unit ship, was named for him. It was deployed to the Pacific Theater during World War II.
References
Sources
Walter Reed Weaver at West Point Association of Graduates
Walter Reed Weaver at Military Times Hall of Valor
Generals of World War II
1885 births
1944 deaths
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Military personnel from Charleston, South Carolina
Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
United States Military Academy alumni
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army Air Forces generals
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II |
The Amblyopsidae are a fish family commonly referred to as cavefish, blindfish, or swampfish. They are small freshwater fish found in the dark environments of caves (underground lakes, pools, rivers and streams), springs and swamps in the eastern half of the United States. Like other troglobites, most amblyopsids exhibit adaptations to these dark environments, including the lack of functional eyes and the absence of pigmentation. More than 200 species of cavefishes are known, but only six of these are in the family Amblyopsidae. One of these, Forbesichthys agassizii, spends time both underground and aboveground. A seventh species in this family, Chologaster cornuta, is not a cave-dweller but lives in aboveground swamps.
Description
Amblyopsids are generally small, the northern cavefish (largest species in family) reaching up to in length.
The amblyopsids are probably ancient in origin. Adaptations common to many cavefish include reduced susceptibility to light, pigment loss, or reduction in skin scales, as well as development of chemoreceptors in the sensory organs of the body surface and the lateral line. Three species exhibit efficient metabolism during swimming, as compared with a group of non-cave fish, and many cavefish species exhibit slender bodies adapted to swimming in fast-flowing waters.
The cave-dwellers typically lack pigment and are somewhat translucent. They have a naked, moderately depressed head and an elongated body, covered with small cycloid irregular flakes, with tiny or absent pelvic fins. The anal opening is so far forward that it is in the throat region.
The premaxilla, a bone of the upper jaw, is segmented, and the vomer has no teeth. They have no ventral fins. The lateral line is incomplete, but well developed in some species. Its spine has between 27 and 35 vertebrae.
Externally, they resemble killifishes in many respects, although their internal anatomy more closely resembles the trout-perches, with which they are currently classified.
Eyes
The name of the family, Amblyopsidae, refers to their eyes (compare amblyopia). Most in this family are either blind or can only detect the difference between light and darkness. The true cave-dwellers have only rudimentary eyes, like so many other fauna that live in the dark.
Although some cave-dwellers have tiny, vestigial but functional eyes, others, such as the Amblyopsis and Typhlichthys have no eyes at all. Blindfish do, however, have rows of sensory papillae on their skin, which they use to help navigate.
Similar darkness-adaptive traits can be seen in many fish families where members live underground and is known as convergent evolution.
Distribution
All members of this family are small and typical of the fresh waters of the eastern and southern regions of the United States. Some live deep in the swamps, and others in the lakes and streams or in caves, significantly the Kentucky cave system called the Mammoth caves.
Cavefish can only be found in caves that have streams running into them; a cave with no inlets does not contain cavefish.
Ecology
Although the cave habitat generally offers a poor food supply, the advantages of the environment include extremely stable conditions, few competitors, and few predators.
Since the cave environment is dark, no plant life is performing photosynthesis, and food is mainly introduced from the outside world by other organisms. Limited food leads to low population density, which has been estimated for Amblyopsidae to be only about 0.005 to 0.150 animals per square meter.
Cave habitats are vulnerable to changes in the environment such as water pollution and exotic species. The Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni), which live only in the Key Cave in Alabama, is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, the highest risk class.
Life history and behavior
Cavefish breed only once a year, occupying about 10% of the population. Members of the family Amblyopsidae lay eggs. Uniquely among fish, the genus Amblyopsis brood their eggs in the gill chambers (somewhat like mouthbrooders). Formerly it was incorrectly speculated that a similar brooding behavior existed in other members of this family, as well as the pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus). Cavefish protect their eggs for the longest period of any fish.
A rare feature of this family is the forward placement of its cloaca, under the head, anterior to the pelvic fins. This placement allows the females to place their eggs more precisely, and is present also in other species of the Percopsiformes order, such as the Aphredoderidae. They feed on shrimp, gammarus, and arachnids that fall into the water, using vibrations and current changes to seek out their prey.
See also
Troglofauna
References
External links
AQUATAB.NET
Cave fish
Ray-finned fish families
Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte |
```protocol buffer
syntax = 'proto3';
package topology_requests;
import "topology.proto";
option java_package = "io.camunda.zeebe.dynamic.config.protocol";
message AddMembersRequest {
repeated string memberIds = 1;
bool dryRun = 2;
}
message RemoveMembersRequest {
repeated string memberIds = 1;
bool dryRun = 2;
}
message JoinPartitionRequest {
string memberId = 1;
int32 partitionId = 2;
int32 priority = 3;
bool dryRun = 4;
}
message LeavePartitionRequest {
string memberId = 1;
int32 partitionId = 2;
bool dryRun = 3;
}
message ScaleRequest {
repeated string memberIds = 1;
bool dryRun = 2;
optional uint32 newReplicationFactor = 3;
}
message ReassignAllPartitionsRequest {
// The ids of the brokers to which all partitions should be re-distributed
repeated string memberIds = 1;
bool dryRun = 2;
}
message ExporterDisableRequest {
string exporterId = 1;
bool dryRun = 2;
}
message ExporterEnableRequest {
string exporterId = 1;
optional string initializeFrom = 2;
bool dryRun = 3;
}
message CancelTopologyChangeRequest {
int64 changeId = 1;
}
message TopologyChangeResponse {
int64 changeId = 1;
map<string, topology_protocol.MemberState> currentTopology = 2;
map<string, topology_protocol.MemberState> expectedTopology = 3;
repeated topology_protocol.TopologyChangeOperation plannedChanges = 4;
}
message Response {
oneof response {
ErrorResponse error = 1;
TopologyChangeResponse topologyChangeResponse = 2;
topology_protocol.ClusterTopology clusterTopology = 3;
}
}
message ErrorResponse {
ErrorCode errorCode = 1;
string errorMessage = 2;
}
enum ErrorCode {
INVALID_REQUEST = 0;
OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED = 1;
CONCURRENT_MODIFICATION = 2;
INTERNAL_ERROR = 3;
}
``` |
Dinesh Dhanai (born 4 November 1970) is an Indian politician. He has run as an independent MLA in Tehri (2012-2017) and served as a minister in the last Congress government in Uttarakhand.
Early life and education
Dinesh Dhanai was born in 1970.
Political career
Dhanai joined the Indian National Congress in 1986 at Garhwal University (SRTC). He also served as a president of his university in 1992 - SRTC Garhwal University (Old Tehri). Over the years, he has held several positions such as Joint Secretary, UP Youth Congress (2nd term) in 1994; Chairman- Urban Co-Operative Bank Ltd., Tehri Garhwal in 1995; Vice President, UP Youth Congress, 1999.
In 2003, he stood as an Independent candidate from Tehri Nagar Palika, defeating both Congress and BJP candidates. He served there until 2008. During his chairmanship, he contested legislative assembly elections in 2007 as an independent candidate and came in third place.
Dhanai again ran as an independent for the same seat in 2012. His attempt to enter the legislative assembly was successful, with a close margin from the INC and BJP.
He served as chairman of Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam as MoS for two years.
In 2014, he was inducted into Harish Rawat's cabinet.
Uttarakhand Jan Ekta Party
In 2019, Dhanai announced the formation of a new political party, the Uttarakhand Jan Ekta Party, with the intent of representing issues relating to the state of Uttarakhand on the national level.
References
External links
Dinesh Dhanai (Independent(IND): Constituency - Tehri (Tehri Garhwal) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:
Dinesh Dhanai, an independent MLA from Tehri - Moneycontrol.com
Uttarakhand CM drops Amrita, inducts Dinesh - Hindustan Times
Uttarakhand Governor Aziz Qureshi today administered the oath of office as Cabinet minister to MLA (Tehri Vidhan Sabha constituency) Dinesh Dhanai.
1970 births
Living people
Uttarakhand MLAs 2012–2017
Uttarakhand politicians
Indian National Congress politicians
State cabinet ministers of Uttarakhand |
Nizhneudinsk Airport (Russian: Аэропорт «Нижнеудинск») regional airport, is located on the south-east of Nizhneudinsk in the Irkutsk Oblast.
Passenger
References
Airports in Irkutsk Oblast |
Bendeleben is a village and a former municipality in the district Kyffhäuserkreis, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 31 December 2012, it is part of the municipality Kyffhäuserland.
Historical Population
(as of 31 December):
Source: Thuringian State Statistics Office
Gallery
References
Former municipalities in Thuringia
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen |
JEMS Architekci – is a Polish studio for architecture with headquarters in Warsaw.
It was officially established in 1988 by Olgierd Jagiełło, Maciej Miłobędzki, Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski and Wojciech Zych (an economist and the CEO of JEMS) who had worked together a few years earlier within Spółdzielnia Pracy Twórczej Architektów i Plastyków ESPEA (lit. Cooperative for Creative Work of Architects and Artists). In the following years Marcin Sadowski, Marek Moskal, Paweł Majkusiak and Andrzej Sidorowicz joined the team.
Among their best-known designs are the Hoover Square in Warsaw (2012), the Polish Embassy in Berlin (2012) and the Raczyński Library in Poznań (2014). In 2015 they won the SARP Award of the Year for their design for the International Conference Centre in Katowice.
Selected awards
"Polityka" magazine Architectural Award (2016) – International Congress Center in Katowice
SARP Award of the Year 2015 – ICC in Katowice
SARP Honorary Award (2002) to JEMS Architekci team: Olgierd Jagiełło, Maciej Miłobędzki, Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski and Marcin Sadowski
References
Architecture firms of Poland |
```objective-c
//
// YYCache.h
// YYKit <path_to_url
//
// Created by ibireme on 15/2/13.
//
// This source code is licensed under the MIT-style license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class YYMemoryCache, YYDiskCache;
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
/**
`YYCache` is a thread safe key-value cache.
It use `YYMemoryCache` to store objects in a small and fast memory cache,
and use `YYDiskCache` to persisting objects to a large and slow disk cache.
See `YYMemoryCache` and `YYDiskCache` for more information.
*/
@interface YYCache : NSObject
/** The name of the cache, readonly. */
@property (copy, readonly) NSString *name;
/** The underlying memory cache. see `YYMemoryCache` for more information.*/
@property (strong, readonly) YYMemoryCache *memoryCache;
/** The underlying disk cache. see `YYDiskCache` for more information.*/
@property (strong, readonly) YYDiskCache *diskCache;
/**
Create a new instance with the specified name.
Multiple instances with the same name will make the cache unstable.
@param name The name of the cache. It will create a dictionary with the name in
the app's caches dictionary for disk cache. Once initialized you should not
read and write to this directory.
@result A new cache object, or nil if an error occurs.
*/
- (nullable instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name;
/**
Create a new instance with the specified path.
Multiple instances with the same name will make the cache unstable.
@param path Full path of a directory in which the cache will write data.
Once initialized you should not read and write to this directory.
@result A new cache object, or nil if an error occurs.
*/
- (nullable instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString *)path NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
/**
Convenience Initializers
Create a new instance with the specified name.
Multiple instances with the same name will make the cache unstable.
@param name The name of the cache. It will create a dictionary with the name in
the app's caches dictionary for disk cache. Once initialized you should not
read and write to this directory.
@result A new cache object, or nil if an error occurs.
*/
+ (nullable instancetype)cacheWithName:(NSString *)name;
/**
Convenience Initializers
Create a new instance with the specified path.
Multiple instances with the same name will make the cache unstable.
@param path Full path of a directory in which the cache will write data.
Once initialized you should not read and write to this directory.
@result A new cache object, or nil if an error occurs.
*/
+ (nullable instancetype)cacheWithPath:(NSString *)path;
- (instancetype)init UNAVAILABLE_ATTRIBUTE;
+ (instancetype)new UNAVAILABLE_ATTRIBUTE;
#pragma mark - Access Methods
///=============================================================================
/// @name Access Methods
///=============================================================================
/**
Returns a boolean value that indicates whether a given key is in cache.
This method may blocks the calling thread until file read finished.
@param key A string identifying the value. If nil, just return NO.
@return Whether the key is in cache.
*/
- (BOOL)containsObjectForKey:(NSString *)key;
/**
Returns a boolean value with the block that indicates whether a given key is in cache.
This method returns immediately and invoke the passed block in background queue
when the operation finished.
@param key A string identifying the value. If nil, just return NO.
@param block A block which will be invoked in background queue when finished.
*/
- (void)containsObjectForKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(nullable void(^)(NSString *key, BOOL contains))block;
/**
Returns the value associated with a given key.
This method may blocks the calling thread until file read finished.
@param key A string identifying the value. If nil, just return nil.
@return The value associated with key, or nil if no value is associated with key.
*/
- (nullable id<NSCoding>)objectForKey:(NSString *)key;
/**
Returns the value associated with a given key.
This method returns immediately and invoke the passed block in background queue
when the operation finished.
@param key A string identifying the value. If nil, just return nil.
@param block A block which will be invoked in background queue when finished.
*/
- (void)objectForKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(nullable void(^)(NSString *key, id<NSCoding> object))block;
/**
Sets the value of the specified key in the cache.
This method may blocks the calling thread until file write finished.
@param object The object to be stored in the cache. If nil, it calls `removeObjectForKey:`.
@param key The key with which to associate the value. If nil, this method has no effect.
*/
- (void)setObject:(nullable id<NSCoding>)object forKey:(NSString *)key;
/**
Sets the value of the specified key in the cache.
This method returns immediately and invoke the passed block in background queue
when the operation finished.
@param object The object to be stored in the cache. If nil, it calls `removeObjectForKey:`.
@param block A block which will be invoked in background queue when finished.
*/
- (void)setObject:(nullable id<NSCoding>)object forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(nullable void(^)(void))block;
/**
Removes the value of the specified key in the cache.
This method may blocks the calling thread until file delete finished.
@param key The key identifying the value to be removed. If nil, this method has no effect.
*/
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(NSString *)key;
/**
Removes the value of the specified key in the cache.
This method returns immediately and invoke the passed block in background queue
when the operation finished.
@param key The key identifying the value to be removed. If nil, this method has no effect.
@param block A block which will be invoked in background queue when finished.
*/
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(nullable void(^)(NSString *key))block;
/**
Empties the cache.
This method may blocks the calling thread until file delete finished.
*/
- (void)removeAllObjects;
/**
Empties the cache.
This method returns immediately and invoke the passed block in background queue
when the operation finished.
@param block A block which will be invoked in background queue when finished.
*/
- (void)removeAllObjectsWithBlock:(void(^)(void))block;
/**
Empties the cache with block.
This method returns immediately and executes the clear operation with block in background.
@warning You should not send message to this instance in these blocks.
@param progress This block will be invoked during removing, pass nil to ignore.
@param end This block will be invoked at the end, pass nil to ignore.
*/
- (void)removeAllObjectsWithProgressBlock:(nullable void(^)(int removedCount, int totalCount))progress
endBlock:(nullable void(^)(BOOL error))end;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
``` |
We All Fall Down is the third studio album by American rapper Prozak. The album was released on September 17, 2013, by Strange Music. The album has sold 9,000 copies in the United States as of September 2015.
Track listing
All songs produced by Seven.
Charts
References
Prozak (rapper) albums
2013 albums
Albums produced by Seven (record producer)
Strange Music albums |
Hoplocorypha nigerica is a species of praying mantis found in western Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Nigeria).
See also
List of mantis genera and species
References
Hoplocorypha
Mantodea of Africa
Insects described in 1930 |
Pongrácz or Pongratz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
István Pongrácz (1584–1619), Hungarian Jesuit priest
Jenő Pongrácz (1852–1933), Hungarian jurist
József Pongrácz (1891–1959), Hungarian wrestler
Viktor Pongrácz (born 1995), Hungarian football player
Zoltán Pongrácz (1912–2007), Hungarian composer |
Gopichand Parmanand Hinduja (Sindhi: गोपीचंद परमानंद हिंदुजा) (born 29 January 1940) is a British billionaire businessman controlling the Indian conglomerate Hinduja Group. For many years he was co-chairman with his brother Srichand "S. P." Hinduja who died in May 2023. He and his brother were frequently named among the wealthiest people in the UK and Asia, and in the Sunday Times Rich List 2023 ranking of the wealthiest people in the UK he was placed 1st with an estimated family fortune of £35billion.
Business career
The Hinduja brothers began their careers in their father's textile and trading businesses in Bombay, India, and Tehran, Iran. Successful early businesses included the sale of food commodities (onions and potatoes) and iron ore from India to Iran.
With the acquisition of Ashok Leyland (from British Leyland) and Gulf Oil (from Chevron) in the 1980s and the establishment of banks in Switzerland and India in the 1990s, Hinduja Group became one of India's best known businesses alongside such names as Tata, Birla, and Ambani. In 2012, the Group acquired the US firm Houghton International, the world's largest metal fluids manufacturer, for $1.045 billion, forming a consortium with the help of Ghouse Mohammed Asif, (Director of Private Equity of JP Morgan) and Hank Paulson, former United States Secretary of the Treasury and formerly of Goldman Sachs.
Wealth
As of August 2022, together with his late brother Srichand he is the UK's richest man. Since the 1990s, he has been consistently ranked among the UK and Asia's wealthiest people. In May 2017, Hinduja topped the Sunday Times Rich List with an estimated wealth of GBP 16.2 billion ($21 billion). Based on the rich list compiled by Asian Media & Marketing Group, Hinduja's wealth is estimated at GBP 19 billion ($24.7 billion). The Forbes List in March 2018 ranked he and his brother GP as the world's 55th richest billionaire family with an estimated wealth of $19.5 billion.
In May 2019 The Hinduja brothers, Gopichand and Srichand, were once again named by the Time UK as the UK's wealthiest people, according to the annual Rich List survey.
Early life
Gopichand Parmanand Hinduja was born on 29 January 1940, the son of Parmanand Hinduja, and educated at Jai Hind College, Bombay.
Personal life
He is married to Sunita Hinduja, and they have two sons and one daughter, Sanjay Hinduja, Dheeraj Hinduja and Rita Hinduja. The Hinduja family is of Sindhi heritage.
In 2015, their son Sanjay Hinduja married his long-time girlfriend, the designer Anu Mahtani, in Udaipur, India. The wedding cost £15 million and entertainment included the pop singers Jennifer Lopez, Arjun Kapoor and Nicole Scherzinger.
Citizenship
Gopichand obtained British citizenship in 1997.
References
1940 births
British people of Indian descent
British billionaires
British businesspeople of Indian descent
Gopichand
Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Living people
British people of Sindhi descent
21st-century British businesspeople
English people of Indian descent
21st-century Indian businesspeople
Sindhi Hindus |
George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham, KG, GCH, FSA (25 December 1760 – 27 October 1830) was a British peer.
Early life
He was the son of the 2nd Earl of Ashburnham and the former Elizabeth Crowley, being styled Viscount St Asaph from birth, and was baptised on 29 January 1761 at St George's, Hanover Square, London, with King George III, the Duke of Newcastle and the Dowager Princess of Wales as his godparents.
In 1780, Lord St Asaph graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, with a Master of Arts degree.
Career
Lord St Asaph was summoned to the House of Lords by writ in acceleration as 5th Baron Ashburnham in 1804. He held the office of Trustee of the British Museum between 1810 and 1830. In 1812 he succeeded his father as 3rd Earl of Ashburnham.
His main family home was at Ashburnham Place in Sussex, which belonged to the family from the late 11th century until 1953. The Ashburnham archive is held by the East Sussex Record Office.
Personal life
He married, firstly, Sophia Thynne (19 December 1763 – 9 April 1791), daughter of the 3rd Viscount Weymouth (later the 1st Marquess of Bath), on 28 August 1784. They had four children:
George Ashburnham, Viscount St Asaph (8 October 1785 – 7 June 1813)
Lady Elizabeth Sophia Ashburnham (16 September 1786 – 13 March 1879)
Sophia Ashburnham (29 January 1788 – 17 June 1807)
Ensign John Ashburnham (3 June 1789 – 1810) (served in the Coldstream Guards in the Napoleonic Wars; drowned whilst returning from Portugal)
He married, secondly, Lady Charlotte Percy (3 June 1776 – 26 November 1862) on 25 July 1795. She was a daughter of the 1st Earl of Beverley, and a sister of George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland. They had 13 children:
William Ashburnham (19 January 1797 – 1797) (died an infant)
Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham (23 November 1797 – 22 June 1878)
Percy Ashburnham (22 November 1799 – 25 January 1881)
Lady Charlotte Susan Ashburnham (23 February 1801 – 26 April 1865)
Lady Theodosia Julia Ashburnham (27 March 1802 – 22 August 1887)
Charles Ashburnham (23 March 1803 – 22 December 1848)
Lady Georgiana Jemima Ashburnham (11 May 1805 – May 1882) (mother of Algernon Mitford)
Lady Jane Henrietta Ashburnham (19 July 1809 – 26 November 1896) (mother of the poet Swinburne)
Lady Katherine Frances Ashburnham (31 March 1812 – 6 April 1839)
Lady Eleanor Isabel Bridget Ashburnham (28 July 1814 – 6 March 1895)
General Thomas Ashburnham, CB (1816 – 2 March 1872)
Lady Mary Agnes Blanche Ashburnham (23 January 1816 – 22 April 1899)
Reginald Ashburnham (1819 – 5 March 1830)
On his death he was survived by his fourth (but eldest surviving) son, Bertram, Viscount St. Asaph.
References
1760 births
1830 deaths
Earls of Ashburnham
Knights of the Garter
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge |
Caecum textile is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.
Distribution
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 2.2 mm.
Habitat
Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 6 m.
References
Caecidae
Gastropods described in 1867 |
William Wyler was a Swiss-German-American director and producer.
He is regarded as one of the most distinguished and versatile filmmakers for Classical Hollywood cinema, directing films during the silent era as well as the sound era, and in both black-and-white and technicolor film.
His most notable works include the war films Mrs. Miniver (1942), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), and the biblical epic Ben-Hur (1959), all three went on to receive the Academy Award for Best Picture. He's also known for directing the drama Dodsworth (1936) with Walter Huston, the drama Jezebel (1938) with Bette Davis, the romance Wuthering Heights (1939) starring Laurence Olivier, the period drama The Little Foxes (1941) starring Bette Davis, romance drama The Heiress (1949) starring Olivia de Havilland, the romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953) starring Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck, the western epic The Big Country (1958) starring Peck and Charlton Heston, the heist company How to Steal a Million (1966) starring Hepburn and Peter O'Toole, and the musical epic Funny Girl (1968) starring Barbra Streisand.
Filmography
Silent films
* Universal's Mustang Series. Wyler made 21 two-reeler films for this series, all with a duration of 24 minutes.
** Universal's Blue Streak Series. Wyler made 6 five-reeler films for this series, all with a duration of an hour.
Sound films
References: Turner Classic Movies and Internet Movie Database
Documentaries
References
Wyler, William |
Marsh Creek is a stream in Madison County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the St. Francis River.
The stream headwaters are at at an elevation of about 860 feet. It flows east to southeast passing north of Stumbeaugh Mountain to its confluence with the St. Francis at at an elevation of 499 feet. Rock Pile Mountain lies just to the east of the confluence across the St. Francis. The historic community of Marsh Creek lies on the west bank of the St. Francis one half mile north of the confluence.
Marsh Creek derives its name from Charles S. Marsh, an early settler.
See also
List of rivers of Missouri
References
Rivers of Madison County, Missouri
Rivers of Missouri |
Charles Edward Stourton, 23rd Baron Stourton, 27th Baron Segrave, 26th Baron Mowbray (11 March 1923 – 12 December 2006) was an English peer. He sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and was a Conservative whip in government and in opposition from 1967 to 1980. He was one of the 92 hereditary peers elected to keep their seat in the reformed House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999.
Family
Mowbray was the only son of William Marmaduke Stourton, 22nd Baron Stourton, 26th Baron Segrave, and 25th Baron Mowbray, and Sheila Gully, a granddaughter of William Court Gully, 1st Viscount Selby, who served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1895 to 1905. He had one sister.
Through his father, he was descended from a brother of Geoffrey de Mowbray, Bishop of Coutances, who was an adviser to William the Conqueror. Another relative, William de Mowbray, was one of the barons who forced King John to put his seal to Magna Carta in 1215; as a direct descendant, Charles travelled to Washington, DC in 1976 with a parliamentary delegation that presented one of the four copies of the Magna Carta held by the British Museum to the US Congress.
Education and military service
He was educated at Ampleforth College and Christ Church, Oxford, and served as a lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards in the Second World War. He was injured and lost his right eye near Caen in 1944. He left the Army in 1945, and ran a pig farm on the family estate in Yorkshire.
Marriage and children
Mowbray married Jane de Yarburgh-Bateson, the only child of Stephen de Yarburgh-Bateson, 5th Baron Deramore, in 1953. They had two sons. His elder son Edward (born 17 April 1953) succeeded him as Lord Mowbray.
His wife died in 1998, and in 1999 he married Joan, Lady Holland (née Street), widow of Sir Guy Holland.
Political career
Stourton was Gold Stick Officer at the coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953. He was a councillor on Nidderdale Rural District Council from 1954 to 1959.
Despite his strong Roman Catholic faith, he took his mother's side when his parents separated in 1961, in a case that drew significant publicity. His father was labelled "egocentric" and his mother was granted a decree of judicial separation on the grounds of her husband's cruelty. Stourton subsequently took his father to court over disputes concerning the administration of the family estates. The case was later settled.
He inherited three baronies when his father died in 1965. The Barony of Mowbray is the third most senior barony in the Peerage of England, after the baronies of Ros and Despencer. However, since Georgiana Lady de Ros was female, and Lord le Despencer is also Viscount Falmouth, he followed his father as premier baron of England, losing that distinction in 1983 when Lady de Ros died and was succeeded by her son. His father's will left most of his estate to his 12-year-old grandson, Edward, with little provision for his wife or son. The family seat at Allerton Park, near Knaresborough in Yorkshire, perhaps the most important Gothic Revival stately home in England, was left in trust until Edward was 30. The house was leased to an American businessman in 1983.
Recognisable by his eyepatch, he sat on the Conservative benches and rarely departed from the Conservative party line. He became an opposition whip in 1967, and continued as a Conservative whip for 13 years until he resigned in 1980. As a lord-in-waiting, he was often called upon to greet visiting heads of state at Heathrow Airport. He was twice Chancellor of the Primrose League, from 1975 to 1979 and from 1981 to 1984. He was also a spokesman on the environment for the government of Edward Heath from 1970 to 1974, and on transport, the environment, and the arts for the government of Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1980. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982. After the House of Lords Act 1999, he was elected as one of the 92 hereditary peers to keep a seat in the reformed House. He sat on the House of Lords Committee of Privileges and was a captain of the House of Lords shooting team.
He was vice-president of the British Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and was also its longest-serving Knight. Mowbray also served as President and Delegate of the British and Irish Association of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George under the Grand Master, the Duke of Castro between 1975–2000.
He became a director of Securicor in the 1960s. He was chairman of Thames Estuary Airport Company from 1993.
References
External links
, The Daily Telegraph, 15 December 2006
Obituary, The Independent, 19 December 2006
Obituary, Yorkshire Post, 23 December 2006
Obituary, The Times, 3 January 2007
1923 births
2006 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholics
21st-century Roman Catholics
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Barons Mowbray
27
23
British Army personnel of World War II
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting
Councillors in North Yorkshire
English Roman Catholics
Grenadier Guards officers
Knights of Malta
People educated at Ampleforth College
Hereditary peers elected under the House of Lords Act 1999
Eyepatch wearers |
Lee Sung-Min (, born 16 May 1986) is a South Korean football player who currently plays for Korea National League side Gangneung City FC.
Club career
On November 20, 2008, Gangwon called Lee up as an extra order from 2009 K-League Draft. His first goal for Gangwon came on April 22, 2009, in a match against Daejeon Citizen during the League Cup group stage.
For the 2010 season, he dropped down to the second tier of South Korean football, joining Korea National League side Gangneung City FC. He proved himself to be a regular starter for his new side. On 4 January 2011, it was announced that Lee would return to the K-League, joining Daegu FC.
In 2016 season, he has played for the Buriram United in the Toyota Premier Cup with Nagoya Grampus Eight just 45 minutes of play was not good enough. His contract was canceled by that he did not play in the Thai Premier League even once.
Club career statistics
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
South Korean men's footballers
Gangwon FC players
Gangneung Citizen FC players
Daegu FC players
K League 1 players
Korea National League players
Men's association football forwards |
```xml
/*
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// TypeScript Version: 4.1
/// <reference types="@stdlib/types"/>
import { Layout, MatrixTriangle, TransposeOperation, DiagonalType } from '@stdlib/types/blas';
/**
* Interface describing `strmv`.
*/
interface Routine {
/**
* Performs one of the matrix-vector operations `x = A*x` or `x = A^T*x`, where `x` is an `N` element vector and `A` is an `N` by `N` unit, or non-unit, upper or lower triangular matrix.
*
* @param order - storage layout
* @param uplo - specifies whether `A` is an upper or lower triangular matrix
* @param trans - specifies whether `A` should be transposed, conjugate-transposed, or not transposed
* @param diag - specifies whether `A` has a unit diagonal
* @param N - number of elements along each dimension in the matrix `A`
* @param A - input matrix
* @param LDA - stride of the first dimension of `A` (a.k.a., leading dimension of the matrix `A`)
* @param x - input vector
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @returns `x`
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var A = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ] );
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ] );
*
* strmv( row-major', 'upper', 'no-transpose', 'non-unit', 3, A, 3, x, 1 );
* // x => <Float32Array>[ 14.0, 8.0, 3.0 ]
*/
( order: Layout, uplo: MatrixTriangle, trans: TransposeOperation, diag: DiagonalType, N: number, A: Float32Array, LDA: number, x: Float32Array, strideX: number ): Float32Array;
/**
* Performs one of the matrix-vector operations `x = A*x` or `x = A^T*x`, using alternative indexing semantics and where `x` is an `N` element vector and `A` is an `N` by `N` unit, or non-unit, upper or lower triangular matrix.
*
* @param uplo - specifies whether `A` is an upper or lower triangular matrix
* @param trans - specifies whether `A` should be transposed, conjugate-transposed, or not transposed
* @param diag - specifies whether `A` has a unit diagonal
* @param N - number of elements along each dimension in the matrix `A`
* @param A - input matrix
* @param strideA1 - stride of the first dimension of `A`
* @param strideA2 - stride of the first dimension of `A`
* @param offsetA - starting index for `A`
* @param x - input vector
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @param offsetX - starting index for `x`
* @returns `x`
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var A = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ] );
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ] );
*
* strmv.ndarray( 'upper', 'no-transpose', 'non-unit', 3, A, 3, 1, 0, x, 1, 0 );
* // x => <Float32Array>[ 14.0, 8.0, 3.0 ]
*/
ndarray( uplo: MatrixTriangle, trans: TransposeOperation, diag: DiagonalType, N: number, A: Float32Array, strideA1: number, strideA2: number, offsetA: number, x: Float32Array, strideX: number, offsetX: number ): Float32Array;
}
/**
* Performs one of the matrix-vector operations `x = A*x` or `x = A^T*x`, where `x` is an `N` element vector and `A` is an `N` by `N` unit, or non-unit, upper or lower triangular matrix.
*
* @param order - storage layout
* @param uplo - specifies whether `A` is an upper or lower triangular matrix
* @param trans - specifies whether `A` should be transposed, conjugate-transposed, or not transposed
* @param diag - specifies whether `A` has a unit diagonal
* @param N - number of elements along each dimension in the matrix `A`
* @param A - input matrix
* @param LDA - stride of the first dimension of `A` (a.k.a., leading dimension of the matrix `A`)
* @param x - input vector
* @param strideX - `x` stride length
* @returns `x`
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var A = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
*
* strmv( 'row-major', 'lower', 'no-transpose', 'non-unit', 3, A, 3, x, 1 );
* // x => <Float32Array>[ 1.0, 5.0, 15.0 ]
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var A = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
*
* strmv.ndarray( 'lower', 'no-transpose', 'non-unit', 3, A, 3, 1, 0, x, 1, 0 );
* // x => <Float32Array>[ 1.0, 5.0, 15.0 ]
*/
declare var strmv: Routine;
// EXPORTS //
export = strmv;
``` |
Vava may refer to:
People
Vavá (1934–2002), full name Edvaldo Izidio Neto, Brazilian football striker
Vavá II (born 1944), Spanish retired footballer
Vava Suresh (born 1974), Indian wildlife conservationist and snake expert
Vavá (footballer, born 1976), full name Marcelo Gonçalves Vieira, Brazilian football striker
Fedy Vava (born 1982), Vanuatuan football defender
Vavá Pequeno (born 1994), full name Edley Dos Anjos Pereira Montoia, Santomean football defender
Vava (rapper) (born 1995), full name Mao Yanqi, Chinese rapper
Places
Vava (Babušnica), municipality of Babušnica, Serbia
Ulakhan-Vava (Big Vava), river in Yakutia, Russia
Other uses
Vava II, superyacht owned by Ernesto Bertarelli |
Hiệp Hòa (, , lit. "harmonization", 1 November 1847 – 29 November 1883), born Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Dật, was the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty and reigned for 3 months and 29 days (30 July 1883 – 29 November 1883).
Hiệp Hòa was the 29th son of Emperor Thiệu Trị. After his nephew Dục Đức was deposed by court officials following a three-day reign in 1883, he reasserted the family's claim on the throne. However, he presided over his nation's defeat by the French Navy at the Battle of Thuận An in August 1883, and on 25 August 1883 he signed the Treaty of Huế which made Vietnam a protectorate of France, ending Vietnam's independence. For this, he was deposed and forced by officials to commit suicide.
References
1883 deaths
Emperors of Nguyen Vietnam
Nguyen dynasty emperors
1847 births
19th-century Vietnamese monarchs
Vietnamese monarchs |
Victor J. Menezes (born 14 May 1949) is an Indian banker.
Early life
He was born in Pune, India on 14 May 1947, the son of Manuel Menezes, who was the chairman of the Indian Railway Board. His younger brother Ivan Menezes was CEO of Diageo.
He received his degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in 1970. He received an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1972.
Career
In 1972, he joined Citicorp in Corporate Banking. Later, he was posted in "practically every continent" – as one bio-sketch put it. He rose to the post of chief financial officer in 1995. He retired from Citigroup as senior vice chairman after a 32-year global career there. Currently he chairs the Advisory Board for Citi India. He is senior advisor of New Silk Route, an international private equity firm. Menezes chairs the American India Foundation, is a vice chairman of the Asia Society and of Catholic Charities in New York. He chairs the executive committee of the Eisenhower Fellowships. He is a board member of Educational Testing Service and the MIT Corporation and is on the advisory boards of IIT, Indian School of Business (ISB), MIT Sloan and INSEAD. He has a convention centre named after him at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay known as the Victor Menezes Convention Centre (VMCC) which was inaugurated by Mr. Kapil Sibal on 8 January 2011.
Menezes was the chairman of the Clearing House Association; serves as a trustee of the Asia Society, the Eisenhower Fellowships and the American India Foundation. He was named chairman of the board of governors of the National Center for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). He was a member of Citigroup's Management Committee and Business Heads Committee. The IIT Bombay calls Menezes its "product" who reached the highest levels of banking and finance.
The Securities and Exchange Commission alleged in its complaint that on March 28, 2002, as part of a cashless exercise transaction, Menezes exercised 825,960 Citigroup stock options and sold 597,000 of the resulting shares at a price of $49.99 per share to cover the taxes and costs of the option exercise. As part of the transaction, Menezes retained 228,960 shares. The complaint alleged that, at the time of this transaction, Menezes was in possession of material, nonpublic information regarding Citigroup's plan to report first quarter 2002 losses totaling hundreds of millions of dollars related to the company's Argentine operations, which Menezes supervised. According to the complaint, Menezes was also aware that Citigroup would miss consensus earnings estimates for the quarter. The final judgment required Menezes to pay $1,567,557 of disgorgement, pre-judgment interest of $328,822.77 and a $783,778 civil penalty, for a total payment of $2,680,157.77.
References
1949 births
Living people
IIT Bombay alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Indian bankers
Indian Roman Catholics |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// Package opthistory contains functional options to be used with stack history operations
// github.com/sdk/v3/go/x/auto Stack.History(ctx, pageSize, page, ...opthistory.Option)
package opthistory
// ShowSecrets configures whether to show config secrets when they appear.
func ShowSecrets(show bool) Option {
return optionFunc(func(opts *Options) {
opts.ShowSecrets = &show
})
}
// ---------------------------------- implementation details ----------------------------------
// Options is an implementation detail
type Options struct {
// Show config secrets when they appear.
ShowSecrets *bool
}
// Option is a parameter to be applied to a Stack.History() operation
type Option interface {
ApplyOption(*Options)
}
type optionFunc func(*Options)
// ApplyOption is an implementation detail
func (o optionFunc) ApplyOption(opts *Options) {
o(opts)
}
``` |
Sông Xoài is a commune (xã) and village in the district-level town of Phú Mỹ, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, in Vietnam.
Populated places in Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu province
Communes of Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu province |
Donald Graham Smith (born May 9, 1958) is a Canadian former competition swimmer who won a silver medal in the men's 4x100-metre medley relay at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. He did so alongside teammates Stephen Pickell, Clay Evans and Gary MacDonald. His brother George and sister Becky also competed in swimming.
At the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, he became the first competitor to win six gold medals at a single Commonwealth Games; he won the 100- and 200-metre breaststroke, 200- and 400-metre individual medleys, and was part of the winning 4x100-metre freestyle and 4x100-metre medley relay teams. Smith twice broke the world record in the men's 200-metre individual medley (long course).
He also won an NCAA national swimming championship at the University of California, Berkeley.
Smith was inducted into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1978.
See also
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
List of University of California, Berkeley alumni
World record progression 200 metres individual medley
References
1958 births
Living people
California Golden Bears men's swimmers
Canadian male breaststroke swimmers
Canadian male medley swimmers
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
World record setters in swimming
Northern Star Award winners
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic swimmers for Canada
Swimmers from Edmonton
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 1979 Pan American Games
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Canada
Medalists at the 1977 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games
Medallists at the 1978 Commonwealth Games |
William Horwood (born 12 May 1944 in Oxford) is an English novelist. He grew up on the East Kent coast, primarily in Deal, within a family fractious with "parental separation, secret illegitimacy, alcoholism and genteel poverty".
Between the ages of six and ten, he was raised in foster care, attended school in Germany for a year, then went on to Grammar School at age eleven. In his eighteenth year, he attended Bristol University to study geography, after which he had any number of jobs—fundraising and teaching, among others, as well as editing for the London Daily Mail.
In 1978, at age 34, he retired from the newspaper in order to pursue novel-writing as his primary career, inspired by some long-ago reading of Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden.
His first novel, Duncton Wood, an allegorical tale about a community of moles, was published in 1980. It was followed by two sequels, forming The Duncton Chronicles, and also a second trilogy, The Book of Silence. William Horwood has also written two stand-alone novels intertwining the lives of humans and of eagles (The Stonor Eagles and Callanish), and The Wolves of Time duology. Skallagrigg, his 1987 novel about disability, love, and trust, was made into a BBC film in 1994. In addition, he has written a number of sequels to the 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.
Boy with No Shoes, published in August 2004, is a fictionalised memoir that explores challenging themes of childhood in Kent.
In 2007, he collaborated with historian Helen Rappaport to produce Dark Hearts of Chicago, a historical mystery and thriller set in nineteenth-century Chicago. It was re-published in 2008 as City of Dark Hearts with some significant revisions and cuts under the pen name James Conan.
After almost fifteen years, Horwood returned to his hallmark genre of fantasy, publishing the first novel in his Hyddenworld quartet in 2010. Each novel is thematically based on a season — the first is Hyddenworld: Spring, the next to be published was Hyddenworld: Awakening followed by Hyddenworld: Harvest and Hyddenworld: Winter and deals with the adventures of a cast of humans and '' ('little folk,' with some distinct fae overtones) on a quest to find gems holding the powers of the season for which each is named. "If they can be brought together they may combine to re-kindle the fires of a dying universe."
Bibliography
The Duncton Chronicles
Duncton Wood (1980)
Duncton Quest (1988)
Duncton Found (1989)
The Book of Silence
Duncton Tales (1991)
Duncton Rising (1992)
Duncton Stone (1993)
The Wolves of Time
Journeys to the Heartland (Hardcover 1995, Paperback 1996)
Seekers at the Wulfrock (Hardcover 1997, Paperback 1998)
Tales of the Willows
The Willows in Winter (Hardcover 1993)
Toad Triumphant (Hardcover 1995)
The Willows and Beyond (Hardcover 1996)
The Willows at Christmas (Hardcover 1999)
Hyddenworld
Hyddenworld: Spring (Spring 2010)
Hyddenworld: Awakening (2011)
Hyddenworld: Harvest (2012)
Hyddenworld: Winter (2013)
Standalone Novels
The Stonor Eagles (Hardcover 1982, Paperback 1983)
Callanish (Hardcover 1984, Paperback 1985)
Skallagrigg (Hardcover 1987, Paperback 1988)
The Boy With No Shoes (Hardcover 2004, Paperback 2005)
Dark Hearts of Chicago (2007) with Helen Rappaport
References
Official William Horwood Website
External links
- Official William Horwood Website
WilliamHorwood.net – Links Related to William Horwood's Books
Interview with William Horwood regarding The Willows at Christmas from Harper Collins Publishers
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English children's writers
1944 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
People from Deal, Kent
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers |
Thurstaston railway station was a station on the single track Hooton to West Kirby branch of the Birkenhead Railway, on the Wirral Peninsula, England. The station served the village of Thurstaston situated to the north east.
History
The Birkenhead Railway, owned jointly by the Great Western Railway (GWR) and London and North Western Railway (LNWR), had initially opened a branch line from Hooton to Parkgate in 1866. An extension to West Kirby was completed twenty years later, including Thurstaston station which opened on 19 April 1886.
Station Road was constructed from land donated by local landowners Thomas Ismay and the Glegg family to provide access from the village to Thurstaston station.
World War II
During the Second World War the line was used for the transportation of munitions. Heavy anti-aircraft gun emplacements were built on land to the west of the station, which have since been grassed over.
Closure
Despite regular seasonal tourist use of the station, passenger numbers generally remained low. On 1 February 1954 the station was closed to passengers, although the line itself remained open to passenger trains for another two years. The track continued to be used for freight transportation and driver training for another eight years, closing on 7 May 1962. The tracks were lifted two years later.
Wirral Country Park
The route became the Wirral Way footpath and part of Wirral Country Park in 1973, which was the first such designated site in Britain. Unlike most of the stations on the line, the two platforms are still in situ, though the southbound platform is largely obscured by undergrowth. The station buildings have been demolished.
References
Further reading
External links
Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Former Birkenhead Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1886
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
1886 establishments in England
1954 disestablishments in England |
Borte, Börte, Boerte or Børte is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
Börte (c.1161–1230), wife of Temüjin, the founder of the Mongol Empire
Derrick Borte (born 1967), German-born American filmmaker
Torstein Børte (1899–1985), Norwegian politician |
Walter Harzer (September 29, 1912 – May 29, 1982) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He commanded the SS Division Hohenstaufen and SS Polizei Division.
After the war, Harzer became active in HIAG, a lobby group established by senior Waffen-SS men in 1951 in West Germany. He acted as the organisation's official historian, coordinating the writing and publications of revisionist unit histories, which appears in German via the Munin Verlag imprint.
World War II
Born in 1912, Harzer joined the SS in 1931. In March 1934 Harzer joined SS-Verfügungstruppe and was assigned to the Sicherheitsdienst and later the SS Division Das Reich. He participated in the invasion of Poland. From mid-1942 until April 1943 Walter served as a staff officer first with the LVII.Panzer Corps and later with the SS Division Frundsberg.
In April 1943, Harzer was assigned to the SS Division Hohenstaufen. As Hohenstaufen was ordered for a refit in the Netherlands, Harzer became its fifth commander, taking over for Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock. On Sunday 17 September 1944, the Allies launched Operation Market Garden and Harzer’s division was engaged in the Battle of Arnhem. Harzer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions during these battles.
In October 1944 Harzer became the Chief of Staff of V SS Mountain Corps before receiving the command of the 4th SS Polizei Division at the end of November 1944. Together with the rest of this division Harzer surrendered to the American Army on 8 May 1945.
Post-war activities
After the war Harzer worked as an official historian for HIAG, an organization of former Waffen-SS members. He helped coordinate the writing of numerous tendentious unit histories and memoirs by former Waffen-SS officers. Harzer died in 1982.
Awards
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 September 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and Ia (operations officer) of the 9. SS-Panzer-Division "Hohenstaufen"
References
Citations
Bibliography
A Bridge Too Far: The Classic History of the Greatest Battle of World War II by Cornelius Ryan (Simon & Schuster; Reprint edition (1 May 1995), , ).
1912 births
1982 deaths
Writers from Stuttgart
SS-Standartenführer
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Waffen-SS personnel
Military personnel from Stuttgart
German military writers
Members of HIAG |
The 2021–22 Boston University Terriers men's basketball team represented Boston University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Terriers, led by 11th-year head coach Joe Jones, played their home games at Case Gym in Boston, Massachusetts as members of the Patriot League.
Previous season
In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Terriers finished the 2020–21 season 7–11, 6–10 in Patriot League play to finish in third place in the North Division. In the Patriot League tournament, they defeated Lehigh in the first round before falling to eventual tournament champions Colgate in the quarterfinals.
Roster
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Patriot League regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Patriot League tournament
|-
!colspan=9 style=| CBI
Source
References
Boston University Terriers men's basketball seasons
Boston University Terriers
Boston University
Boston University Terriers men's basketball
Boston University Terriers men's basketball
Boston University Terriers men's basketball
Boston University Terriers men's basketball |
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