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The Complete Blam Blam Bam is a compilation LP by Blam Blam Blam. It was released on November, 1992.
Track listing
There Is No Depression In New Zealand - 03:17
Battleship Grey - 03:01
Maids To Order - 03:27
Dr. Who - 02:25
Motivation - 04:12
Blue Belmonts - 05:10
Respect - 03:35
Got To Be Guilty - 03:30
Don't Fight It Marsha, It's Bigger Than Both Of Us - 04:45
Learning To Like Ourselves Again - 03:27
Call For Help -
Time Enough - 03:08
Like My Job - 03:17
Luxury Length - 03:14
Businessmen - 03:08
Talkback King - 03:49
The Bystanders - 05:39
Beach On 42nd Street - 04:38
Last Post - 02:55
Personnel
Tim Mahon - Vocals, Bass
Mark Bell - Guitar, vocals
Don McGlashan - Drums, Vocals, Bass
References
1992 compilation albums
Blam Blam Blam albums |
The Rohtas gecko (Cyrtopodion rohtasfortai) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Pakistan.
Geographic range
Within Pakistan, C. rohtasfortai occurs in southwestern Azad Kashmir and northeastern Punjab Province.
Reproduction
C. rohtasfortai is an oviparous species.
References
Further reading
Bauer, Aaron M.; Masroor, Rafaqat; Titus-McQuillan, James; Heinicke, Matthew P.; Daza, Juan D.; Jackman, Todd R. (2013). "A preliminary phylogeny of the Palearctic naked-toed geckos (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) with taxonomic implications". Zootaxa 3599 (4): 301-324.
Khan, M.S.; Tasnim, Rashida (1990). "A New Gecko of the Genus Tenuidactylus from Northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, and Southwestern Azad Kashmir ". Herpetologica 46 (2): 142-148. (Tenuidactylus rohtasforti, new species).
Cyrtopodion
Reptiles described in 1990
Reptiles of Pakistan |
The Valdosta Railway is a shortline railroad in the U.S. state of Georgia, connecting Clyattville to CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway at Valdosta. The company began operations in 1992 as a subsidiary of the Rail Management and Consulting Corporation, and was acquired by Genesee & Wyoming Inc. in 2005.
The line had formerly been operated by the Georgia and Florida Railroad, whose predecessor, the Florida Midland and Georgia Railroad, built the line in the 1880s or 1890s. The Valdosta Southern Railroad was incorporated in August 1951 and bought the portion from Valdosta south to Madison, Florida, which the G&F planned to abandon. The line was cut back to Clyattville, Georgia in March 1972, and in 1992 the new Valdosta Railway took over operations.
In 2005 the Valdosta Railway was acquired by Genesee & Wyoming. As of 2023, the Valdosta Railway interchanges with CSX and Norfolk Southern in Valdosta, Georgia. G&W owns 14 miles of track, and can hold up to 286,000 pounds of supplies.
References
External links
Valdosta Railway official webpage - Genesee and Wyoming website
Map of the abandoned portion of the Valdosta Southern between Clyattville, GA and Madison, FL
HawkinsRails Valdosta Southern page
Georgia (U.S. state) railroads
Genesee & Wyoming
Railway companies established in 1992
Transportation in Lowndes County, Georgia |
Dar al-Manasir () is the region of the Fourth Cataract, the most impassable of all rapids of the Nile. It is the homeland of the Arab tribe of the Manasir and from them gets its name. Still today the water rapids cannot be crossed by any large boats making the region accessible only via a sandy and rocky desert track.
At the height of the Island of Muqrat (N 19°30') the Nile river is blocked from its northward course taking a sharp turn SSW for 280 kilometres before continuing to flow north. In the middle of this S-shape between the Bayudah Desert to the south and the Nubian Desert to the north, the Nile is forced by the topography to split up into a multitude of tributaries forming a fertile river oasis of small rocky islands described by the traveller GRAY (1949:120) with the following words: "Whereas usually [agriculture] in the Nile Valley […] is confined to the belt on two banks on which the river has deposited silt, in this cataract area, where islands are scattered like a flock of goats, the number of silt-covered river banks in any given 10 kilometres may be up to a dozen".
Dar al-Manasir will be successively flooded by the Merowe Dam project.
Extent
Dar al-Manasir is confined by the upstream living Rubatab tribe () in the area of Abu Hamed () (E 33.18°) and the downstream Shaiqiyah tribe () past the village of Birti (E 32.15°), (cf. LAGNAH 2005:2). Dar al-Manasir is covering a distance of approximately 130 km along the Nile with most villages lined up along the left river bank called "Western side" (…). But the heart of Dar al-Manasir consists of 14 islands, twelve of them permanently inhabited; al-Qanaweit (), Shiri (), Kidir (), Sherari (), Sur (), Us (), Tibit (…), Dumag (), Buni (), Arag (), Dirbi () and Birti (), (cf. SALIH 1999:8, LAGNAH 2005:2).
Climate
The climate is arid with an annual rainfall of about 50 mm in good years. The exact amount and spatial distribution of the precipitation during the rainy season in the months of August until October is highly variable and therefore unpredictable. The rainy season coincides with the flood season of the Nile (cf. SALIH 1999:9).
Economy
The Manasir pursue small scale agriculture in the immediate vicinity of the Nile. Tiny pockets of alluvial sediments and the seasonally inundated riverside land are intensively irrigated and cultivated. The most important cash crops of the region are dates (cf. Date cultivation in Dar al-Manasir). During good rainy seasons, in which grazing grounds are abundant, many male Manasir join members of their tribe in the adjacent Bayudah Desert.
Administration
Politically Dar al-Manasir belongs to the River Nile state ( Wilāya nahr an-Nīl). The administrative centre with the only local run police station, branch of the Agricultural Bank and Secondary Schools for both sexes is Shiri () on Shiri Island.
Dar al-Manasir is among the most neglected areas in Northern Sudan. Apart from basic educational institutions virtually no public infrastructure such as tarred roads, bridges or ferry boats and hospitals exist. But the Manasir are also aware of advantages of this situation and describe them in terms of exceptional safety and honesty (), tranquillity (), untainted beauty of their country () and cleanness of the water which they drink straight out of the Nile. The landscape, described by Innes (1931:184) as "most barren and the most beautiful" along the Nile, is rocky, picturesque and referred by the inhabitants happily as "our rocks" ().
Dar al-Manasir with all its villages and agricultural land will be successively flooded in the coming months by the Merowe Dam project. Its residents are going to be moved, but the exact relocation area is still not clear and a matter of ongoing discussion.
See also
Date cultivation in Dar al-Manasir
References
Gray, T. (1949): "The Fourth Cataract". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.30, p. 120-121.
Innes, N. MCL. (1930): "The Monasir Country". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.14, p. 185-191.
Lagnah al-Tanfidhiyah lil-Muta'thirin (2005): Khasan al-Hamdab wa Qissah Tahgir Ahali al-Manasir. 20 p.
Salih, A. M. (1999): The Manasir of the Northern Sudan: Land and People. A Riverain Society and Resource Scarcity. 282 p.
Additional references
Al-Hakem, A.M.A. (1993): "Merowe (Hamdab) High Dam and its Impacts". In: Kush XVI, 25 p.
Beck. K. (1997): "Wer kennt schon Hamdab? Ein Staudammvorhaben im Sudan". In: Pörtge, K.-H. (ed.): Forschungen im Sudan. Erfurter Geographische Studien, Bd.5, pp. 79–88.
Beck, K. (1999): "Escaping from the Narrow Confines – Returning to Tight Communities. Manasir Labour Migration from the Area of the Fourth Nile Cataract". In: Hahn, H.P. & G. Spittler (ed.): Afrika und die Globalisierung, pp. 201–211.
Beck, K. (2001): "Die Aneignung der Maschine". In: Kohl, K.-H. & N. Schafhausen (ed.): New Heimat. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Frankfurter Kunstverein, pp. 66–77.
Cavendish, M. W. (1966): "The Custom of Placing Pebbles on Nubian Graves". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.47. pp. 151–156.
Corkill N.L. (1948): "Weight Equivalent of Sudan Foods sold by Measures of Capacity". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.29, pp. 126–127.
Crowfoot, J. W. (1918): "Customs of the Rubatab". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.1. pp. 119–134.
Gray, T. (1949): "The Fourth Cataract". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.30, p. 120-121.
Innes, N. McL. (1930): "The Monasir Country". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.14, pp. 185–191.
Jackson, H.C. (1926): "A Trek in Abu Hamed District". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.9 No.2, pp. 1–35.
Lagnah aL-Tanfidhiyah lil-Muta'thirin (2005): Khasan al-Hamdab wa Qissah Tahgir Ahali al-Manasir. pp. 20 (اللجنة التنفيذية للمتأثرين (2005): خزان الحامداب و قصة تهجير أهالي المناصير)
Leach, T.A. (1919): "Date-Trees in Halfa Province". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.2, pp. 98–104.
Nicholls, W. (1918): "The Sakia in Dongola Province". In: Sudan Notes and Records, Vol.1. pp. 21–24.
Related books
Bashir, al-N. T. al-S. (ed.), (1997): Diwan 'Abqariah al-Manasir. Li-Ustadh Ibrahim 'Ali al-Sha'ir. 189 p. (النذير تاج السر البشير(جمع وإعداد), (1997): ديوان عبقرية المناصير. للأستاذ إبراهيم علي الشاعر)
Qasim, 'A. al-Sh. (2002): Qamus al-Lahgah al-'Amiya fi al-Sudan, 3rd ed. 1076 p. (عون الشريف قاسم (2002): قاموس اللهجة العامية في السودان. الطبعة الثالثة. الدار السودانية للكتب)
Salih, A. M. (1999): The Manasir of the Northern Sudan: Land and People. A Riverain Society and Resource Scarcity. 282 p.
Taiyeb, M. Al-T. et al. (1969): Al-Turath al-Sha'ibi li-Qabilah al-Manasir. Salsalah Dirasat fi al-Turath al-Sudani. Khartoum University Faculty of Adab. 155 p. (الطيب محمد الطيب و عبد السلام سليمان و علي سعد (1969): التراث الشعبي لقبيلة المناصير. سلسلة دراسات في التراث السوداني, جامعة الخرطوم, كلية الآداب)
Yusif, A.A. (1995): Al-Nakhil (First Part), Khartoum. 349 p. (عبدلله أحمد يوسف (1995): النخيل – الجزء الأولى الخرطوم)
External links
Homepage of Dar al-Manasir
Gallery of Dar al-Manasir
Al-Turath al-Sha'ibi li-Qabilah al-Manasir
Diwan 'Abqariah al-Manasir. Li-Ustadh Ibrahim 'Ali al-Sha'ir
Homepage of the Humboldt University Nubian Expedition (H.U.N.E.)
Regions of Sudan
Nubia
Nile
Geography of Sudan |
PowerCloud Systems was a cloud networking company located in Palo Alto, California. The company designed and manufactured cloud-powered Wi-Fi systems for businesses, carriers and consumers and was a corporate spin-off from the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), a Xerox company. PowerCloud was purchased by Comcast in July 2014.
History
PowerCloud Systems was incorporated in 2009 and was spun-out as an independent firm in 2010 with investment from Walden Venture Capital and Javelin Ventures.
On September 20, 2010, at PARC's 40th anniversary celebration, PowerCloud showcased its first product, the CloudCommand online software platform for network equipment providers. This platform enabled network equipment vendors and communications service providers to introduce Wi-Fi networking products that could be managed from the cloud. The platform has subsequently evolved and PowerCloud now offers a portfolio of cloud-managed wireless access points and a Web-based management dashboard that are both white-labeled by communications service providers and are marketed directly to businesses through managed service providers that wish to manage their clients wireless networks.
On January 25, 2011, D-Link became the first major OEM vendor to launch product based on the CloudCommand platform. Zyxel announced product at Interop in May 2011 and launched on November 11, 2011.
In December 2011, PowerCloud Systems announced it had secured $6 million in Series B funding in a round that was led by Qualcomm Ventures and included participation from its existing investors – Walden Venture Capital, Javelin Venture Partners and PARC.
In April 2013, PowerCloud Systems officially entered into the consumer Wi-Fi market with the introduction of Skydog, a combination Wi-Fi router, cloud service and HTML5-based application.
In 2013, the company began shipping a commercial solution under its own brand and announced Nickelodeon Resort as a customer in September.
In December announced partnership with Common Sense Media. The company showcased the product at CES 2014 to favorable reviews.
In July 2014 PowerCloud Systems announced on the homepage of Skydog that they had been acquired, and retail sales of Skydog router had ceased. No acquirer was named in announcement.
In July 2014, Comcast confirmed to Tech Crunch that they had acquired PowerCloud Systems, as speculated. PowerCloud's technology serves as the basis for Comcast's xFi which is now available to 23.5 million homes.
Management
Jeff Abramowitz founded PowerCloud Systems and served as the company's president and CEO. Abramowitz’ is included in the Computer History Museum for his role in the formation and growth of the W-Fi industry.
Abramowitz has held executive positions in the Wi-Fi industry for more than 25 years. He was director of Wireless Product Management at 3Com where he spearheaded the company's wireless LAN efforts and its first wireless initiative, as well as serving as the company's representative on the board of the Wireless LAN Association.
At Intersil, Abramowitz launched the company's Wi-Fi efforts into the home.
At NoWires Needed, a Dutch start-up, Abramowitz was responsible for worldwide Marketing and US operations. He helped to introduce the industry's first ARM-based Medium Access Controller capable of supporting performance required for the 54Mbit/s IEEE 802.11a standard. NoWires Needed was acquired by Intersil in June 2000 for $156M.
Abramowitz was responsible for Wi-Fi marketing and business development at Broadcom. While there, he helped to introduce the first CMOS Wi-Fi chipset, first single chip Wi-Fi, and first 802.11g solution.
Abramowitz was responsible for marketing and strategy at wireless company Azimuth Systems, where he helped to introduce the first Wi-Fi automated test equipment for MIMO radios and the first platform for Wi-Fi Alliance testing
As an entrepreneur-in-residence at Xerox PARC he spun out PowerCloud Systems and served as the founder, CEO and chairman of the board.
Abramowitz is a current board member and past president of Cloud4Wi, a leading Wi-Fi services platform for marketing, location services for retail, restaurant and transportation. Abramowitz was inducted into the Wi-Fi Now Hall of Fame in 2019.
Andrea Peiro co-founded PowerCloud Systems and serves as the company's CTO and chief product officer. Peiro had been a well-known product strategist, and was a former intelligence officer in the Italian Navy.
Products
Cloud Command Enterprise
CloudCommand Enterprise is a Wi-Fi system that consists of Wi-Fi access points that can be deployed, secured and managed via a cloud-based management interface. This approach, which does not require wireless controller hardware, is ideal for deployments with a high-density of mobile users, such as hotels, restaurants, shopping centers, schools, conference centers, assisted living facilities, and Multi-Dwelling Units (MDUs) such as apartment buildings. This method of instantiating a wireless network does not require onsite wireless LAN controller hardware; as the access points are managed via the cloud network. Ostensibly this reduces equipment costs and eases management. This technology also enables businesses or Value-Added Resellers to create multiple private wireless networks using the same public access infrastructure.
Skydog
Skydog is a combination 802.11n Wi-Fi router, cloud service and HTML5-based application. Skydog gives consumer visibility into and control over the home Wi-Fi network. They can view and control any device connected to the network and prioritize resources by user, device or application. The solution was a consumer version of the company's enterprise product.
Skydog's capabilities represent a break from historical use of Wi-Fi routers, most of which were primarily used to provide wireless connectivity to a household's Internet connection and little else. Some existing high-end routers allow for remote access and the instantiation of parental controls. Skydog claimed their cloud solution integrated parental controls, a mobile experience, and more granular control over specific devices, users, and applications connecting to the home network. Consumers could then better control distribution of bandwidth and monitor activity on their network. PowerCloud Systems marketed the solution primarily to families with children using the Internet, saying that it allows parents to better understand and manage how their kids use the Web.
Skydog was originally funded via Kickstarter in Spring 2013. The project was fully funded and received $121,813 in funding from more than 1,000 backers by May 14, 2013. On September 3, 2013, PowerCloud Systems announced that it had shipped Skydog on time to its 1000 Kickstarter backers. PowerCloud Systems made Skydog available to the general public on October 30, 2013.
Skydog was positively reviewed as an Internet solution for families by media including PC Magazine and Yahoo.
On March 19, 2014, PowerCloud announced WebRover, a free update to the Skydog cloud service, that provided a list of more than 1,000 sitesrated for age-appropriate content and educational quality by Common Sense Media.
References
External links
Wireless networking hardware
Wireless access points
Xerox spin-offs |
Sofronovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Argunovskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2002.
Geography
Sofronovo is located 46 km northwest of Nikolsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dyachkovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast |
The 1971 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played in Eugene at Autzen Stadium.
Led by fifth-year head coach Jerry Frei, the Ducks were 5–6 overall and 2–4 in the Pacific-8 Conference. They did not play UCLA and lost the Civil War to Oregon State for an eighth consecutive year.
Oregon was led by junior quarterback Dan Fouts and senior All-American halfback Bobby Moore (Ahmad Rashad), the fourth overall pick of the 1972 NFL Draft, taken by the St. Louis Cardinals. Rashad played ten seasons in the NFL, primarily as a wide receiver with the Minnesota Vikings.
Two months after the season, Frei resigned as head coach on January 19, 1972, and assistant coach Dick Enright was promoted two weeks later.
Schedule
Conference opponent not played this season: UCLA
Roster
All-conference
Four Oregon seniors were named to the All-Pacific-8 team: halfback Bobby Moore, tackle Tom Drougas, guard John McKean, and defensive back Bill Drake. It was the third straight year on the first team for Moore.
References
External links
Game program: Oregon vs. Washington State at Spokane – October 30, 1971
Game video (color) – Oregon vs. Washington State at Spokane – October 30, 1971
Oregon
Oregon Ducks football seasons
Oregon Webfoots football |
Oscar Matthew "Battling" Nelson (June 5, 1882 – February 7, 1954), was a Danish-born American professional boxer who held the World Lightweight championship. He was also nicknamed "the Durable Dane".
Personal history
Nelson was born Oscar Mathæus Nielsen in Copenhagen, Denmark, on June 5, 1882. He emigrated to the United States the following year and was raised in Hegewisch, a neighborhood on the Southeast side of Chicago.
In 1913, he married Fay King, a cartoonist who did his portrait for Nelson's 1911 guide The Wonders of the Yellowstone National Park. In 1916, they had a very public divorce.
Nelson died February 7, 1954, in Chicago, Illinois, from lung cancer. The Veteran Boxing Association paid for part of the cost of his funeral; his ex-wife paid the remainder, in addition to purchasing "beautiful arrangements" for the ceremony.
Boxing career
Nelson began boxing professionally at age fourteen, in 1896. He fought for the vacant lightweight title against Jimmy Britt on December 20, 1904, but lost a twenty-round decision. He lost to Abe Attell in 1905, but his win over Jack O'Neill secured him another shot at the world championship. On September 9, 1905, Nelson finally beat Britt in a knockout in the 18th round of a 45-round bout
He defeated Terry McGovern in a no decision Newspaper decision, but then faced a greater challenge when he was given the opportunity to challenge the reigning world lightweight champion Joe Gans on September 3, 1906, in Goldfield, Nevada. Gans dropped Nelson repeatedly during the bout, but could not knock him out. Finally, in the forty-second round, Nelson hit Gans below the belt causing him to lose the fight by disqualification .
In 1907 and 1908, Nelson split a pair of bouts with Britt and fought Attell to a draw. He then challenged Gans again for the world lightweight title on July 4, 1908. This time he knocked Gans out in the seventeenth round. Two months later, Nelson knocked out Gans in the twenty-first round.
In 1909, Nelson fought Ad Wolgast in a fight held over the lightweight limit. Wolgast beat him, and Nelson gave Wolgast a chance at his title on February 22, 1910. Eventually unable to see due to the accumulation of punches, Nelson lost the title when the referee stopped the fight in either the fortieth or the forty-second round.
Nelson continued to fight, and in 1917, he challenged Freddie Welsh for the lightweight title. He lost a twelve-round decision and retired from fighting in 1920.
He was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1992.
In 2016, award-winning biographer Mark Allen Baker published the first comprehensive biography on Nelson with McFarland, a leading independent publisher of academic and nonfiction books.
Motion pictures of Nelson's fights
The second Gans-Nelson battle in Colma was the subject of a four-reel motion picture that played in major cities around the country.
Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated.
Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.
Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.
See also
Lineal championship
References
External links
International Boxing Hall of Fame Site
findagrave.com
|-
1882 births
1954 deaths
Lightweight boxers
World lightweight boxing champions
Boxers from Chicago
Danish male boxers
American male boxers
Sportspeople from Copenhagen
Danish emigrants to the United States |
Giannis Iliopoulos (; born 1979) is a Greek basketball player who played for AEK Athens BC.
References
1979 births
Living people
AEK B.C. players
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Bad Land: An American Romance is a travelogue of Jonathan Raban's research, over a two-year period, into the settlement of southeastern Montana in the early 20th century. The focus of the book is one of the least-populated areas of the United States – the badland area between Marmarth, ND and Terry, MT along the route of the Milwaukee Road railroad and the goings on of various settler families who homesteaded in that area. Emigrants came from Britain, Scandinavia, Russia and Germany in search of a new life in the New World. Nowadays, their ruined houses still stand among forlorn fenceposts trailing whiskers of rusty barbed wire in the arid landscape of eastern Montana, dotted with low buttes and scored with dry creek-beds. The settlers attempted to build a hopeful civilization on the prairie, only to see it collapse within little more than a decade during the time of the Dirty Thirties.
Plot summary
The book begins by going into detail how the area was initially settled. The author places a particularly heavy emphasis on "scientific" developments of the time, sociological conditions, and the exploitation of those developments and conditions by the United States Government and the Milwaukee Road. These were represented in the book by the Campbell's Soil Culture Manual, the desire by those living in Europe and the eastern United States to become landholders, The Homestead Act and government agencies, and advertising by the railroad. As the author states at one point,
... there was real mendacity in the way the scheme (dry homestead scheme) was advertised. The copywriters (who had probably never set eyes on the prairie) and the art editors created a paper-country, as illusory as the Land of Cockaigne. The misleading language and pictures of the pamphlets would eventually entitle the homesteaders to see themselves as innocent dupes of a government that was in the pocket of the corporation fatcats - and their sense of betrayal would fester through the generations.
Further into the book, the author describes the settlement in terms of a grand experiment to impose civilization on a previously wild region. The society of that period is portrayed as one filled with innocent optimism and feelings of unlimited potential to be part of big, important things. This is represented in the book by the barbed wire fence and set piece, half-section farm plots of .
The author further delves into the societal development of the settlers by describing many details of the aforementioned society after it becomes established. The Montana plains society is depicted as one that seems to be realizing its dreams, attracting people and commerce, and having all the trappings of an American frontier settlement. It is clearly indicated that this society is at its apex. The stories of various settler families are recounted, particularly that of Ned Wollaston and his family who started out - just like the other immigrants - farming their of dust. Raban acknowledges his debt to Percy Wollaston for his unpublished memoir, Homesteading, and is frequently accompanied by Michael J. Wollaston who helps him 'shape the story over a succession of field trips, lunches and burrowings in the Wollaston family papers.'
Reality comes crashing down on the settlers when, as the author puts it, the land asserts its wild self, throwing off the civilization imposed on it. The settlers realize that the land could not support the number of people who were trying to make a living from it. Even back in 1908, when Congress was debating the Enlarged Homestead bill, representative William A. Reeder from Kansas had, in Raban's words, struck a note of dour realism, only to be shouted down as being a pawn of the big ranchers:
I say that the settler cannot make a living on of [semi-arid land], nor on . There is the trouble. If he could make a living on , it would be all right, but there is where people are deceived. They cannot make a living on , in most cases.
Because many of the settlers felt they had been betrayed by those who convinced them to move to the area and farm there, another societal development is observed: a fiercely independent and rebellious attitude of anti-authoritarian distrust towards Corporate America (particularly 'the dwarfish, rabbit-toothed, fat-lipped figure of James J. Hill and his shadowy son, Louis', owners of the Great Northern railway line) and to a much greater extent, the United States Government. As the realization sets in that the land can't support everyone, many are seen leaving-selling their land to those who chose to stay and continue farming. Even the aging Ned and his wife, Dora, eventually send their son, Percy, to Seattle and are forced to lease their land to a young farming couple, prior to moving westwards in their son's footsteps and settling down Thompson Falls.
The downward spiral of the once bustling civilization is seen as having stabilized by the present day. This status quo is one of uneasy teetering between subsistence and poverty. Such is the desperation to "become something" again that some are willing to attempt anything to attract cheap attention, publicity, visitors, and above all, outside commerce and money. The utter disappointment and futility of such efforts are summed up in the failed Ismay/Joe, Montana Day, in which the town adopts the figure of the American football player, Joe Montana, in an attempt to boost its revenues.
However, it is from his attendance at a local rodeo and his invitations to the BBQ lunches during the branding season (the end of May/early June) that Raban really sees how a rural society has emerged from the failures of the past:
Yet in the last sixty years a form of society has evolved here. It was more modest than the one envisioned by the early settlers. After the great humbling of the Dirty Thirties, people learned how to conform themselves to the place. The land allowed just so much habitation and farming, and no more. The chastened survivors cautiously built their world.
And here it was - in the cluster of well-dressed, well-fed families around the corral. One would never have guessed at the amount of ruination that had gone into the making of this scene, of country neighbours, at ease with themselves and each other. This was exactly how the Wollastons, Dockens, Yeargens and the rest would have imagined their new lives on the prairie, as a rooted and stable rural community, with its own language and architecture, costumes and customs.
The book concludes with the author returning home to Seattle, WA from southeastern Montana and following the paths of many who left the area featured in the book. The author expresses joy to be living in a place where reality isn't so sharp, but also reminds himself that not far from where he lives and even in his own backyard, there are places, situations, and circumstances that make his life uncomfortably similar to that of someone living in southeastern Montana.
The book is 324 pages long and contains themes, circumstances, and events that repeated themselves in rural areas and towns across the Great Plains during the time period covered.
Acknowledgements
Jonathan Raban makes reference to the following books that helped him in his research:
Homesteading, Percy Wollaston (unpublished memoir)
Wheels Across Montana's Prairie (1970s), Prairie County Historical society
Mildred Memoires of the O'Fallon (1979), Mary Haughian, Terry, MT
Photographing Montana 1894-1928: The Life and Works of Evelyn Cameron (1991), Donna M. Lucey, NY
Awards
National Book Critics Circle, General Nonfiction Winner 1997
PEN USA Literary Awards 1997
Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Awards 1997
Governor's Writers Award of the State of Washington, 1997
Sources
Reviews
Beatrice Interview
American travel books
1996 non-fiction books
History of Montana
20th century in Montana
Books about Montana |
Atlantic Rim (also known as Attack from Beneath, Attack from the Atlantic Rim and From the Sea) is a 2013 American science fiction monster film produced by The Asylum and directed by Jared Cohn. Shot in Pensacola, Florida, the film stars Graham Greene, David Chokachi, Treach, and Jackie Moore.
The film was released direct-to-DVD on June 24, 2013 in the United Kingdom, and on July 9 in the United States. In the tradition of The Asylum's catalog, Atlantic Rim is a mockbuster of the Warner Bros./Legendary Pictures film Pacific Rim. The film received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics.
Plot
Following the mysterious disappearance of an oil rig and a reconnaissance mini-submarine in the Gulf of Mexico, scientist Dr. Margaret Adams initiates the Armada Program, which consists of giant robots designed for deep sea rescue. The three robotspiloted by Red, Tracy and Jimdive nearly 800 fathoms to the sea bed, where they not only discover the mangled remains of the oil rig, but encounter the monster that brought it down. Red pursues the monster, against orders from Admiral Hadley, prompting Hadley to order every naval fleet on the East Coast to converge on the oil rig's site. Red emerges on a beach to warn the bystanders to leave the area; he is suddenly attacked from behind by the monster as their fight takes its toll on the city. An F/A-18 Hornet piloted by Spitfire assists Red in taking the monster down. Red, however, is arrested for disobeying a direct order. He is locked in solitary confinement until he is briefly released by Adm. Hadley and later given a medal of honor for his heroic actions, before serving the rest of his confinement.
Later, Hadley is informed by Sheldon Geise of a top-secret sonar program that discovered the monsters, which are hundreds of millions of years old and lay their eggs on a mixture of crude oil and saltwater. Two eggs have been discovered, one of which hatched into the monster that Red and Spitfire killed. Hadley orders a search for the other egg, but he is too late, as it has already hatched, with the second monster, much bigger than the first, feeding on the corpse of the first monster and destroying a whole naval fleet before wreaking havoc on the city. As the monster attacks the naval base, Tracy and Jim scramble to spring Red out of solitary before they are picked up by Lieutenant Wexler. Meanwhile, Geise informs Hadley that the President has authorized a nuclear strike on the monster, but Hadley defies that decision and orders everyone to evacuate the base. The monster retreats after a Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit drops a payload on it. Hadley is later informed that another egg has hatched off the Atlantic Coast.
Adams gives the trio special "halo" headbands that neurally link them to their robots, increasing their reflexes by using their direct body movements instead of joysticks. The system's downside is the pilot feeling pain when their robots are damaged. After a crash course on the new system, the trio fly their robots to New York City to battle the monster. Following numerous refusals by Hadley to launch a nuclear strike, Geise orders the USS Virginia to launch a warhead. Red intercepts the missile and jams its frequency, saving the city from a nuclear holocaust. In retaliation, Geise threatens to shut down the robots, but is quickly subdued by Wexler, despite shooting Hadley in the arm. During the battle, Tracy loses consciousness when her neural level goes critical. Jim takes Tracy to safety while Red grabs the warhead and the monster before flying them to the atmosphere. He then kicks the monster into deep space, detonating the warhead in the process and sending him crashing back to Earth. The trio and Hadley celebrate by heading to the local bar for some tequila shots.
Cast
Graham Greene as Admiral Hadley
David Chokachi as "Red"
Treach as Jim
Jackie Moore as Tracy
Nicole Alexandra Shipley as Stone
Jared Cohn as "Spitfire"
Jinhi Evans as Dr. Quinn Baker
Steven Marlow as Sheldon "Snake" Geise
Nicole Dickson as Dr. Margaret Adams
Demetrius Stear as Lieutenant Wexler
Larry Gamell Jr. as Smith
William Shannon Williams as Captain Dager
Joseph Brown as Motion Capture For Robot / Paramedic
Production
Atlantic Rim was originally planned to be shot at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida, but The Asylum were denied permission to film at the base after a high-ranking official read the script and disagreed with the portrayal of the soldiers. As a result, the production team relocated to a private helicopter airport that served as a stand-in for at least seven locations for the film. The film's script underwent at least nine rewrites during production due to weather conditions and the last-minute relocation.
Reception
Dave Pace of Fangoria gave the film two out of four stars, calling it "a testament to why there aren't many live action giant robot vs. monster movies. It's a very difficult thing to do right and keep the audience on your side. Atlantic Rim manages to be enjoyable as a bit of a goof and works on the 'so bad it's good' level." Dread Central gave the film three out of five stars, describing it as "the ultimate monster movie about booze-hounding broskis in battle bots saving New York City from a crazy-eyed giant sea beast that frequently appears to be merely a lost animal, confused and irritated that these metal men won't stop hitting it."
It is one of six films featured in Season 12 of Mystery Science Theater 3000, and was the first film released in the 21st century to be riffed on the show.
Future
Sequel
On October 5, 2017, it was announced that a sequel had wrapped filming. The film, entitled Atlantic Rim: Resurrection, was released in March 2018. Like the first film, it was a mockbuster of Pacific Rim Uprising, and it received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics.
Spinoff
One of the Armada Suits from the Atlantic Rim films appears in the 2022 film 2025 Armageddon, a crossover film released to celebrate The Asylum's 25th anniversary. It is sent by alien invaders to attack Earth, but is captured by humanity and used as a weapon against other Asylum monsters sent by the aliens.
References
External links
Pacific Rim (franchise)
The Asylum films
American robot films
American science fiction action films
American superhero films
2013 films
2013 independent films
2013 science fiction action films
2010s superhero films
2010s English-language films
Mockbuster films
Films about technology
Films set in the Atlantic Ocean
Films set in Florida
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Florida
American independent films
Mecha films
Kaiju films
Films directed by Jared Cohn
2010s American films
2010s Japanese films
English-language science fiction action films |
Three Forks is a ghost town at the junction of Carpenter, Seaton, and Kane creeks in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. This former mining community, on BC Highway 31A, is by road about east of New Denver and west of Kaslo.
Strategic location
Well positioned as a stopover for horse packtrains carrying ore from the surrounding mines to New Denver, a number of entrepreneurs attempted to secure this land but each failed. In October 1891, John A. Watson sought . Later that year, Billy Lynch laid out a townsite. In January 1892, Eli Carpenter filed his notice for the same ground, but by that time the government had reserved all Crown land within ten miles of Slocan Lake for agricultural purposes. In June 1892, Charles Hugonin and Eric Conway Carpenter preempted for agriculture, but instead erected a hotel. Having leased out the venture, the pair built a further hotel the next year. They sold their land interest to Frank S. Barnard and John A. Mara, who later failed to secure a Crown grant, because a preexisting mining claim encumbered the property.
Railway
In October 1894, the rail head of the Nakusp and Slocan Railway (N&S), a Canadian Pacific Railway subsidiary, arrived. Hundreds of tons of ore, which had been hauled along trails from mines awaited to be shipped out. Infrastructure included a turntable and two-stall roundhouse.
In late 1895, Sandon became the terminal for two railways, when the N&S was extended from Three Forks, and the Kaslo and Slocan Railway (K&S), a Great Northern Railway subsidiary, was completed from Kaslo. Payne Bluff/Bailey's siding on the K&S, over above, was connected to Three Forks by a trail.
Passenger travel northeast of Rosebery ceased in 1933. Damage from the 1955 floods on Carpenter Creek ended all traffic east of Denver Canyon.
Early community
Apart from the hotel, a general store, furnishing store, and livery opened in 1892. A post office operated 1893–1909, 1911–1917, and in 1921. In March 1894, a townsite was laid out, with the 240 lots occupying three benches. A police constable was in residence. The next month, a Crown grant was issued, likely influenced by the coming railway. When a forest fire destroyed all the buildings in July, far more were erected over the following months. The Three Forks Slocan Prospector newspaper was published December 1894–April 1895. By January 1895, a restaurant, laundry, bathhouse, drugstore, two butchers, three general stores, hotels, and a jail existed. At the climax of prosperity, the Brunswick, Black's, Richelieu, Wilmington, Slocan, and Miner's Exchange hotels operated. After the N&S extension opened, Sandon grew at the expense of Three Forks. By 1900, many buildings were empty. By 1910, only a hotel and general store existed. By 1918, only the store remained but likely closed a few years later with the post office.
Present site
An interpretive sign stands in a clearing, but scattered remnants are hidden beneath the surrounding undergrowth. The Rosebery to Three Forks Regional Trail (Galena Trail) intersects the site. A flower shop and associated farm operate at the road junction.
Television
Three Forks was featured on the historical television series Gold Trails and Ghost Towns, Season 3, Episode 5.
Footnotes
References
Ghost towns in British Columbia
Mining communities in British Columbia |
Crestone is an album by Paul Winter Consort, released in 2007 through the record label Living Music. The album is named after the community of Crestone, Colorado. The album was recorded in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the Great Sand Dunes, and the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado, all of which are located near Crestone. In 2008, the album earned the group a Grammy Award for Best New Age Album.
Track listing
"Songs to the Mountains"
"Koji Island"
"Blue Horse Special"
"Calling the Buffalo"
"Zen Morning"
"Witchi Tai To (Invocation)"
"Whooper Dance"
"Intertribal Pow-Wow Song"
"Mountain Treefrogs"
"Cloud"
"The Smell of the Rain"
"Meadowlark"
"Sunset on the Great Sand Dunes"
"Nightfall in the Wetlands"
"Moonrise Over the Sangres"
"All My Relations"
"Bumblebee Honor Song"
"Home on the Range"
"Witchi Tai to"
"Goodnight to the Mountains"
Personnel
Paul Winter – soprano saxophone
Paul McCandless – oboe, bass clarinet
Don Grusin – keyboard
Eugene Friesen – cello
Glen Velez – percussion
John-Carlos Perea – voice, drum, cedar flute
Koji Nakamura – taiko drum
Peter May – conch shells
Richard Cooke – voice
References
2007 albums
Grammy Award for Best New Age Album
Living Music albums
Paul Winter Consort albums |
Penzlin () is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated 13 km southwest of Neubrandenburg, and 27 km east of Waren. In July 2008 it absorbed the former municipality Alt Rehse, in June 2009 the former municipalities Groß Vielen, Groß Flotow, Marihn and Mollenstorf, in January 2011 Klein Lukow and in January 2012 Mallin.
Sister cities
Otterndorf, Germany
Łęczyca, Poland
References
External links
Cities and towns in Mecklenburg
Populated places established in the 1260s
1263 establishments in Europe |
Qalqachi (, also Romanized as Qālqāchī and Qolqāchī; also known as Ghalghachi, Kolgachi, Kūlgachī, Kulkachi, and Kūlqāshī) is a village in Anzal-e Shomali Rural District, Anzal District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 73 families.
References
Populated places in Urmia County |
Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that has microscopic morphologic features of papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, yet is pathologically distinct based on molecular changes and immunohistochemistry.
Pathology
CCPRCC classically has apical nuclei, i.e. the nucleus is adjacent to the luminal aspect.
In most glandular structures the nuclei are usually basally located, i.e. in the cytoplasm adjacent to the basement membrane.
They typically stain with CK7 and do not stain with TFE3 and AMACR.
See also
Renal cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
References
Kidney cancer |
Phrictus is a genus of bugs in the subfamily Fulgorinae and tribe Fulgorini, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. They are sometimes called "dragon-headed bugs" and species have been recorded from central and South America.
Species
Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web includes:
Phrictus auromaculatus Distant, 1905
Phrictus buechei Bourgoin & Arnaud, 2004
Phrictus delicatus O'Brien, 1991
Phrictus diadema (Linné, 1767) - type species
Phrictus diligens O'Brien, 1991
Phrictus hoffmannsi Schmidt, 1905
Phrictus minutacanthis Caldwell, 1945
Phrictus moebiusi Schmidt, 1905
Phrictus notatus Lallemand, 1931
Phrictus ocellatus Signoret, 1855
Phrictus punctatus Caldwell, 1945
Phrictus quinquepartitus Distant, 1883
Phrictus regalis Caldwell, 1945
Phrictus sordidus Caldwell, 1945
Phrictus tripartitus Metcalf, 1938
Phrictus xanthopterus Schmidt, 1910
References
External links
Images at iNaturalist
Auchenorrhyncha genera
Fulgorinae
Hemiptera of South America |
Royston Tan (born 5 October 1976) is a Singaporean filmmaker and actor.
Tan is a graduate from Temasek Polytechnic, where he studied Visual Communications. He first came into prominence through his short films: Sons (2000), Hock Hiap Leong (2001), 48 on AIDS (2002), Mother (2002) and 15 (2002). He has so far directed six features.
In 2021 he was selected as a jury member for the Sonje Award at the 26th Busan International Film Festival.
He was appointed creative director of the Singapore National Day Parade in 2020 and 2023. In 2023, Tan was among one of the eight assentors appointed for eventual president-elect Tharman Shanmugaratnam in the 2023 Singaporean presidential election.
Filmography
As director
Feature films
Short films
Adam.Eve.Steve (1997)
Jesses (1999)
Sons (2000)
Hock Hiap Leong (2001)
48 on AIDS (2002)
24 HRS (2002)
Mother (2002)
15 (short) (2002)!
The Old Man and The River (2003)
177155 (2003)
Cut (2004)
The Blind Trilogy: Blind / Old Parliament House / Capitol Cinema (2004)
The Absentee (2004)
Careless Whisperer (2005)
New York Girl (2005)
Monkeylove (2005)
DIY (2005)
Cellouiod Dreams (2006), for the National Museum of Singapore's Living Galleries
Sin Sai Hong (2006)
After The Rain (2007)
My SARS Lover (2008)
Little Note (2009)
Anniversary (2009)
No Admittance (2010)
Ah Kong (2010)
FishLove (2010)
I want to remember (2011)
Vicky (2014)
033713 (2014)
Bunga Sayang (2015), as part of the anthology 7 Letters
Provision Shop (2016)
Other works
Remains (1995) Music video
Erase (1996) Music video
Kisses (1997) Music video
4A Florence Close (1998) Home video
Birdsong (2010) TV movie
Old Places (2010) TV movie
Journey to the West Pioneer Generation Video (2015) Advertorial
Voyage (2017) Multimedia musical
GeTai Challenge (2018) Guest judge (episode 15-16)
High (2020) Interactive film
As actor
Compilations
Royston's Shorts (2006) - produced by Tan Bee Thiam
Awards
1996
National Panasonic Video Award for Music Video for "Erase"
1997
UTV International Book Prize for "Adam.Eve.Steve"
1998
Bios MTV Awards 2nd prize for Music Video for "Kisses"
1999/2000
Hong Kong IDN Excellence in Digital Imaging Award for "Senses"
2000
13th Singapore International Film Festival
Best Short Film for "Sons"
Special Achievement Award for "Sons"
2001
Singapore Short Film Festival – The Voice Award for "Mother"
6th Malaysian Video Awards: ASEAN Director of the Year – Silver Award
23rd JVC Video Award – Silver Award for "Sons"
2002
The National Arts Council – Young Artist of the Year 2002
21st Uppsala International Short Film Festival (Sweden) – International Jury Honorary Mention for "Hock Hiap Leong"
6th Thai Short Film and Video Festival – Best International Short Film Award for "15"
Asian Television Awards 2002 – Technical and Creative Winner
Best of Show
Best Cinematography Award
Promax Asia 2002 – Silver for "48 on AIDS"
15th Singapore International Film Festival – Special Achievement Award for Short Film "15"
"Fest Forward" – Audience Choice for "15"
Tampere International Film Festival – Jury's Diploma of Merit Award for "Hock Hiap Leong"
2003
Filmlet 2003 – Best International Short Film
Brief Encounter Short Film Festival 2003
Best International Short Film
Kurzfilmtage Winterthur 2003 – Promotion Prize of the International Competition 03
22nd Uppsala International Short Film Festival (Sweden) "UppsalaFilmkaja" Award
Mecal Film Festival – Special Mention for "15" (short film)
16th Singapore International Film Festival – NETPAC-FIPRESCI Jury World Critic Award for "15: The Movie"
Newport International Film Festival – Honorable Mention for "15"
Oberhausen Short Film Festival – Special Mention Award for "15"
Tampere Film Festival – Best Fiction Award for "15"
Hong Kong Independent Short Film & Video Awards – Asian New Force 2003 Critics Awards for Short Film for "15"
New York Film and Television Award – Silver for "48 on AIDS"
2004
Hall of Fame – Best Family TVC (Starhub)
10th Lyon Asian Film Festival – Press Award for 2nd Best Film for "15"
TIME Magazine – "Top 20 Asian Heroes"
Panasonic Digital Filmmaker Awards 2004 First Prize for "Cut"
2004 Busan Asian Short Film Festival Excellent Kodak Film Award for "15" (short film)
Buenos Aires VI Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente
Signis Special Mention Award for "15: The Movie"
Best Director Award for "15: The Movie"
Deauville Asian Film Festival – Special Jury Award for "15: The Movie"
2005
3rd Vladivostok Pacific Meridian Film Festival – Best Short Film for "Cut"
Clermont-Ferrand Short Film Festival – Canal+ Award 2005 for "Cut"
2006
2006 Hawaii International Film Festival NETPAC award – (4:30)
2006 Sapporo Short Shorts Special award – (Monkeylove)
2006 HAF Award – "132"
2006 Fitzroy Short Film Festival – Audience Prize for "Monkeylove"
Geneva Black Movie Festival – Special Mention Award for "4:30"
2007
Main Prize of the 5th Festival Signes de Nuit for "Monkeylove"
Winner of the Silver Screen Gangster Award
29th Clermont-Ferrand Film Festival Grand prix for "Monkeylove"
2009
22nd Singapore International Film Festival – Singapore Film Awards: Best Director for "12 Lotus"
2010
1st Singapore Short Film Awards – Honorary Award for "outstanding contribution to the film community through short films"
References
External links
Royston Tan's 4:30 Interview on Youtube
Royston Tan's blogspot
1976 births
Singaporean film directors
Temasek Polytechnic alumni
Living people
Singaporean screenwriters
Singaporean film producers
21st-century Singaporean male actors
Singaporean male film actors
Music video directors |
Wong Wah-bo was a martial artist and an opera singer of the late Qing Dynasty. Wong Wah-bo is a notable figure in development of martial art Wing Chun, which is known for its poorly documented history, and is recognized as being part of various contemporary Wing Chun lineages' history.
Background
Not much was known about his childhood life except that he was born in Heshan, Guangdong, Qing Empire during the late Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty.
From the Daoguang to Xianfeng period, Wong made a living as an opera singer of the Red Boat Opera Company, often played as Guan Yu, and was first trained by Leung Lan-kwai (梁蘭桂) in an unnamed martial arts boxing skill and later with Leung Yee-tai (梁二娣) in exchange for his Six-and-a-Half Point Pole skill.
He retired at the age of 60 and moved to Qingyun Street, Kuai Zi, Foshan. At Foshan he trained his students, whom included Leung Jan, whom he was introduced by Yee-tai. Due to both of them were from Gulao (古勞) Village, Wong taught Leung the whole of the skill set. Leung was noble and his skills were exquisite, he was deeply respected by other martial artists and was known as Mr. Jan of Foshan (佛山贊先生).
When Leung Jan later became an official, this martial arts skill was officially known as Wing Chun, which he was later known as the King of Wing Chun Kuen (詠春拳王).
In popular culture
In the 1981 TVB television drama series Kung Fu Master of Fat Shan, he was portrayed by Chang Yu.
In the 1981 film The Prodigal Son, he was portrayed by Sammo Hung.
In the 2005 TVB television drama series Real Kung Fu, he was portrayed by Yuen Wah.
In the 2006 TVB television drama series Wing Chun, he was portrayed by Sammo Hung.
Bibliography
References
Chinese Wing Chun practitioners
Male Cantonese opera actors
19th-century Chinese male actors
19th-century Chinese male singers
People from Heshan
Male actors from Guangdong
Sportspeople from Guangdong
Singers from Guangdong |
John Caer Clark (died 8 June 1943) was a British architect in Hong Kong.
Clark was an authorised architect in Hong Kong from 1912 to 1941. He formed the Clark & Iu with partner Iu Tak-chung from 1924 to 1937 before he started his own practice again in 1938 until the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in 1941. The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals was one of his clients.
He died during internment at the Stanley Internment Camp on 8 June 1943.
References
1943 deaths
Hong Kong architects
Internees at Stanley Internment Camp
Year of birth missing
British people who died in Japanese internment camps |
The 1978 FISA Lightweight Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark from 3 to 6 August 1978. In the history of the World Rowing Championships, 1978 was the only year when the lightweight rowing championships were not held in conjunction with the open men and women event. (Other years in which championships were held separately for lightweights were Olympic years, in which there were no openweight World Championships.) The lightweight finals were raced on 6 August. The event was held at Lake Bagsværd. In 1978, a fourth boat class was added to the event: Lightweight double scull.
Later in 1978, the open event went to the Southern Hemisphere for the first time and was held at Lake Karapiro near Cambridge, New Zealand.
Medal summary
Finals
Great Britain
Three teams from Great Britain competed at the championships.
References
Rowing competitions in Denmark
World Rowing Championships
Lightweight Championships
International sports competitions hosted by Denmark
1978 in Danish sport
Rowing |
Legislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 22 December 1946 and 5 January 1947 to elect the 19 elected members of the General Council.
The elections saw the left-wing members elected in 1945 largely replaced by members representing business and the mining industry.
The new Council elected Henri Lafleur as the territory's representative to the French Council of the Republic.
Elected members
The 19 elected members were:
Henri Bonneaud
Bourgarde
Bussy
Cuer
David
Duplat
Féré
Legrand
Legras
Loucheron
Mary
Mariotti
Henri Lafleur
Pannetier
Parazols
de Saint Quentin
Robert
Talon
Varin
References
New Caledonia
1947 in New Caledonia
1947 in France
New Caledonia
1946 in New Caledonia
Elections in New Caledonia |
Portknockie railway station was a railway station that served the small fishing village of Portknockie, close to Cullen in Moray. The railway station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) on its Moray Firth coast line in 1886, served by Aberdeen to Elgin trains.
In 1923, the GNoSR became part of the London and North Eastern Railway and at nationalisation in 1948 became part of British Railways. The line was recommended for closure by Dr Beeching's report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed on 6 May 1968.
History
Background
In 1881, the Great North of Scotland Railway put a bill to parliament to extend its Portsoy line along the Moray Firth as far as Buckie. In 1882, the Great North of Scotland applied for permission to build a line from Portsoy following the coast to Buckie and then running on to Elgin.
Great North of Scotland Railway
The GNoSR station opened as 'Portknockie' on 1 May 1886 with the central section of the coast line, served by through Aberdeen to Elgin trains. In 1923, the Great North of Scotland Railway was absorbed by the London and North Eastern Railway. This was nationalised in 1948, and services were provided by British Railways. The station and line was recommended for closure by Dr Beeching's in his report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed on 6 May 1968.
Services
The GNoSR station was served by through trains running between Aberdeen and Elgin. There were no Sunday services.
The station infrastructure
Portknockie station had a single platform with the typical wooden station building, a passing loop and two platforms that were offset, connected by a pedestrian overbridge. The 1902 OS map shows a signal box on the end of the Findochty platform and another on the Cullen end of the other platform, a weighing machine in the goods yard, a single siding and a loading dock in line with the village side platform and a station agent's or stationmaster's cottage near the entrance to the station. In 1930 one signal box had been removed.
The line was predominantly single track apart from a double track section between Buckie and Portessie. Track lifting took place shortly after closure in 1968.
Station remnants
The station was demolished and houses now occupy the site.
Moray Coast Ride
Much of the trackbed of the old railway now forms the Sustrans Moray Cycle Route.
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
RAILSCOT on Moray Coast Railway
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
Disused railway stations in Moray
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1886
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1968
Beeching closures in Scotland |
Volcano Suns was an American alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts formed by Mission of Burma drummer Peter Prescott in 1984.
History
The band was founded in Spring 1984 by former Mission of Burma and Molls drummer Peter Prescott, the only founding member of the Suns to remain until their break-up in 1991. Prescott had auditioned for the position of drummer with Disneyland, but took two of that band's members to form Volcano Suns; The other original members were Gary Waleik and Steve Michener who would leave after a few months, before the release of the first Suns album, to form Big Dipper. Prescott then added Jeff Weigand on bass guitar and Jon Williams on guitar. This second line-up created the band's debut album The Bright Orange Years (1985), as well as its follow-up, All-Night Lotus Party (1986), both released on the now-defunct Homestead Records. In 1987, Bob Weston and Chuck Hahn replaced Weigand and Williams respectively for Bumper Crop, the band's final release on Homestead. Other contributors included Roger Miller on piano and Gary Waleik on sitar.
In 1988, the band moved to Greg Ginn's SST Records for their 4th release, Farced. The line-up however was the same as on Bumper Crop, including Miller on piano and Waleik on sitar. 1989 brought their most experimental release, Thing of Beauty, also on SST, on which David Kleiler (formerly from the band Sorry) replaced Chuck Hahn on guitar. This would be the Volcano Suns' final line up. The band moved to Chicago-based indie label Quarterstick Records for their final release, Career in Rock in 1991. The album was engineered by Steve Albini, who would later work with Bob Weston in their band Shellac.
Musical style and the Din
The music of the Volcano Suns is often compared to the works of bands like Hüsker Dü and Mudhoney.
From 1985-1987, the Volcano Suns second lineup also doubled as the Din, the backing band for vocalist Dredd Foole (a.k.a. Dan Ireton), who had previously collaborated with Mission of Burma. The Volcano Suns used stage names in the Din: Din Wanna (Prescott), Bonus "The Bone Man" McGinty (Weigand) and Webb Finga (Williams), with The Kaiser (Kenny Chambers from Moving Targets) rounding out the lineup. The collaboration produced two albums, Eat My Dust Cleanse My Soul (Homestead, 1985) and Take Off Your Skin (PVC, 1988).
Post-Suns and reunion
The band split up in 1991. In 1994, Prescott went on to form Kustomized.
Prescott reformed Volcano Suns in 2005 with Weston and Kleiler for some reunion shows.
The band's first two albums were reissued by Merge Records in 2009, remastered by Weston and including bonus material. Merge also released a live album in 2014, recorded at City Gardens in New Jersey during the summer of 1986 featuring the Bright Orange/Lotus lineup, entitled "Old Pain(t)."
Members
Final lineup
Peter Prescott - drums, lead vocals (1984-1991, 2005)
Bob Weston - bass (1987-1991, 2005)
David Kleiler - guitar (1988-1991, 2005)
Past members
Steve Michener - bass, vocals (1983-1984)
Gary Waleik - guitar, vocals, sitar (1983-1984; guest appearances, 1987-1988)
Jeff Weigand - bass (1984-1987)
Jon Williams - guitar (1984-1987)
Chuck Hahn - guitar (1987-1988)
Discography
Albums
The Bright Orange Years (Homestead, 1985 / Merge, January 2009)
All-Night Lotus Party (Homestead, 1986 / Merge, January 2009)
Bumper Crop (Homestead, 1987)
Farced (SST, 1988)
Thing of Beauty (SST, 1989)
Career in Rock (Quarterstick, 1991)
" Old Pain(t)" Live (Merge, July 2014)
Singles
"Sea Cruise" b/w "Greasy Spine" (Homestead, 1986)
"Blue Rib" b/w "Openings" (Quarterstick, 1990)
Compilation appearances
Claws—The Third Throbbing Lobster Compilation (Throbbing Lobster, 1985)
song: "Tree Stomp"
Materials and Processes (Materials and Processes, 1985)
song: "Silvertone"
The New Originals (Materials and Processes, 1986)
song: "Polythene Pam"
The Wailing Ultimate (Homestead, 1987)
song: "White Elephant"
Human Music (Homestead, 1988)
song: "Ultravixen"
Duck and Cover (SST, 1990)
song: "Kick Out the Jams"
As the Din, backing band for Dredd Foole
Eat My Dust Cleanse My Soul (Homestead, 1987)
Take Off Your Skin (PVC, 1988)
References
External links
[ Allmusic entry]
Interview with former bassplayer Jeff Weigand
Alternative rock groups from Massachusetts
Musical groups from Boston
Musical groups established in 1983
Homestead Records artists
SST Records artists
Quarterstick Records artists
Mission of Burma |
The 2018 Craven District Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Craven District Council in North Yorkshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.
Overall result
Ward results
Aire Valley with Lothersdale
Bentham
Gargrave and Malhamdale
Glusburn
Hellifield and Long Preston
Ingleton and Clapham
Penyghent
Settle and Ribblebanks
Sutton-in-Craven
References
Craven
Craven District Council elections |
Janq'u Uma (Aymara janq'u white, uma water, "white water", also spelled Ccancouma, Janjouma) is a mountain in the north of the Apolobamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Sandia Province, Cuyocuyo District. Janq'u Uma lies northwest of the mountain Wilaquta, northeast of Qurwari and southwest of Utkhuqaqa. Two little streams named Janq'u Uma (Janjouma) and Qullqipirwa (Jolljepirhua) originate west and east of the mountain. They flow to the river Lawa Lawani which runs to the north. It belongs to the watershed of the Inambari River.
See also
Liqiliqini
References
Mountains of Puno Region
Mountains of Peru |
Luigi Di Biagio (; born 3 June 1971) is an Italian professional football manager and former player.
A former defensive midfielder, Di Biagio last played for Ascoli in 2007, and previously also played for several other Italian clubs throughout his career, including Roma and Internazionale, in particular. At international level, he also played 31 times for the Italy national side between 1998 and 2002, scoring two goals, representing his country at the 1998 and 2002 World Cups, as well as at Euro 2000, where Italy reached the final.
Club career
Early career: Lazio, Monza, and Foggia
Di Biagio was born in Rome. He initially played for Lazio (1988–89), making his Serie A debut with the side, and later played for Monza (1989–92) in Serie B and Serie C1, winning the Coppa Italia C1 in 1991. He later moved on to play for Foggia (1992–95) under Zeman, where he gained promotion to Serie A once again, establishing himself in the starting lineup of the club as a defensive minded central midfielder, who also served as a playmaker; he notably reached the semi-final of the Coppa Italia with Foggia during the 1994–95 season, attracting the attention of bigger Italian clubs.
Roma
Di Biagio began to achieve greater international exposure and fame in Italy due to his excellent and consistent performances whilst playing for Roma (1995–99), where he remained for five seasons, under managers Carlo Mazzone, Carlos Bianchi and Zeman once again; he would make his career debut in European Competitions with the club. During his time at Roma, he was able to help the squad to a fourth-place finish during the 1997–98 season, and managed to subsequently reach the quarter-finals of the 1998–99 UEFA Cup and the 1997–98 Coppa Italia. His consistent performances led him to become a permanent member of the Italy national side during this period. Di Biagio would make 140 appearances for Roma in all competitions, scoring 18 goals. 15 of his goals were scored in Serie A in 114 appearances.
Internazionale
At the beginning of the 1999–2000 Serie A season, Di Biagio transferred to Internazionale, and became a regular first team member due to his continued high standard of performance. During the 2001–02 season, he narrowly missed out on winning the Serie A title to Juventus on the final match-day; he received criticism, however, for his despondent performance in a 4–2 defeat to Lazio at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, on his final league appearance of the season, despite initially scoring a goal during the match. Di Biagio remained at Inter until 2003, and during his four years at the club, he amassed 163 appearances, scoring a total of 18 goals in all competitions.
Although he was unable to win a title during his time with the club, he did manage to reach the semi-finals of the 2001–02 UEFA Cup with Inter, losing out to eventual Champions Feyenoord. He also reached the semi-finals of the 2002–03 Champions League with Inter, under manager Héctor Cúper, losing out to cross-city rivals and eventual Champions Milan on away goals. He also managed to win runners up medals in Serie A during the 2002–03 season under Cuper, as well as in the Coppa Italia during the 1999–2000 season, and the Italian Supercup in 2000, under Marcello Lippi.
Brescia
Di Biagio subsequently moved to Brescia (2003–2006) during his later career, where he played alongside Roberto Baggio during the 2003–04 season, frequently playing as a sweeper or as a centreback/secondary defensive playmaker in Brescia's three-man defence. Although Di Biagio managed a personal best of nine goals in Serie A the following year, Brescia were relegated to Serie B during the 2004–05 season, and Di Biagio finished his final season at Brescia playing in the Italian second division during the 2005–06 season.
Later career with Ascoli and retirement
Di Biagio signed for Ascoli in November 2006, but the bid was not considered to be valid by the federation, since the player was not released for free by Brescia before the 30 June deadline. The bid was therefore postponed until January 2007, and in the meantime Di Biagio went on training with Ascoli, and played from November to December with Promozione club Polisportiva La Storta from Rome, coached by his friend and former Dundee and Lazio footballer Alessandro Romano. Di Biagio played his first Ascoli match on 14 January 2007, against Cagliari. He collected only seven appearances that season, scoring two goals in 523 minutes. Ascoli finished second last in Serie A that season, and were relegated to Serie B. He retired at the end of the season, and returned to Polisportiva La Storta as a youth coach.
Despite his reputation and ability as a midfielder, Di Biagio had an unfortunate club and international career, failing to win a major trophy, and only winning the Coppa Italia Serie C1 with Monza.
Di Biagio has also briefly worked as a football pundit and commentator on Sky Sport.
International career
Di Biagio was a regular member of the national side during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and was capped 31 times for Italy between 1998 and 2002, scoring two goals. He represented Italy at Under-23 level at the 1993 Mediterranean games, where they reached the final under manager Cesare Maldini. He made his senior debut for Italy on 28 January 1998, in a 3–0 friendly home win against Slovakia, under Cesare Maldini.
After a strong season with Roma, Di Biagio represented his country in the 1998 World Cup, appearing in each of Italy's five matches, and notably scoring a headed goal from a Roberto Baggio cross in the second group stage match against Cameroon, which ended in a 3–0 win for Italy; his goal being the 100th goal for Italy in World Cup matches. In the round of 16 match against Norway, Di Biagio set up Vieri's match winning goal, and helped Italy to keep a clean sheet. Despite a strong tournament, in which he was considered to be one of the best performing midfielders, he missed the decisive penalty in the quarter-final shootout against hosts and eventual champions France, after a 0–0 deadlock following extra time, hitting the crossbar, as Italy were eliminated from the tournament.
Di Biagio continued to be a key player for Italy under Dino Zoff, and he went on to represent Italy at Euro 2000, starting alongside Albertini in midfield, and winning a runners-up medal as Italy lost 2–1 to France in the final on a golden goal. Di Biagio had another successful tournament for Italy, and he scored Italy's first goal against Sweden, heading in a Del Piero corner, in Italy's final group match, which ended in a 2–1 win, and which allowed Italy to top their group and progress to the quarter-finals. In the victorious semi-final penalty shootout against co-hosts the Netherlands, he took Italy's first penalty, and was able to convert it successfully on this occasion. It was the first penalty he had taken after the infamous miss which struck the crossbar during the 1998 World Cup, which immediately eliminated Italy from the competition.
Under Giovanni Trapattoni, Di Biagio was also a member of Italy's 2002 World Cup squad that was eliminated by co-hosts South Korea in the Round of 16 on a golden goal. Di Biagio made only one appearance in the tournament, however, playing in Italy's 2–0 opening win against Ecuador, where he assisted Vieri's second goal of the match with a long ball, in the 27th minute; he was substituted by Gattuso in the 69th minute. He made his final appearance for Italy in a friendly match against Turkey on 20 November 2002, in Pescara.
Style of play
Di Biagio was regarded one of Italy's best and most consistent midfielders during the later 1990s and early 2000s, and one of the best players in the world in his position during his prime, consistently providing excellent performances for Roma, Inter and the Italy national side; he often stood out throughout his career for his leadership. Di Biagio was a complete, tenacious and combative defensive midfielder, whose best strengths involved quickly breaking up the opposition's attacks, although he was also capable of getting forward when needed, due to his ability to make attacking runs into the area, which enabled him to contribute to his team's offensive play with goals. Furthermore, he was known for his ability to either set the tempo of his team's build-up plays with short exchanges, or start counter-attacks with long balls after winning back possession. Throughout his career, Di Biagio earned a reputation as a strong, aggressive and hard-tackling midfielder, who had a knack for picking up cards; after Paolo Montero, he is the player with the most red cards in Serie A history.
Although he was primarily deployed as a central or defensive midfielder, Di Biagio was capable of playing anywhere in midfield due to his tactical versatility, and played in every outfield position throughout his career, and was occasionally played in an attacking midfield role behind the forwards, or, even less frequently, as a centre-forward; he also played as a defender later in his career, once he lost his pace, functioning as a sweeper, as a full-back, or as a central defender. A hardworking player, Di Biagio was gifted with power, stamina, and tactical intelligence, as well as an acute defensive awareness and positional sense. He combined these attributes with a surprising technical ability, and was also capable of functioning creatively as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield, due to his ball control, vision, and passing range. Indeed, his central holding midfield role under Zdeněk Zeman in the manager's 4–3–3 system has also been likened to that of a metodista ("centre-half," in Italian football jargon), due to Di Biago's ability to dictate play in midfield, launch quick attacks, or assist his team defensively, as well as to maintain his position and thus allowing his teams to maintain a high defensive line with little space between the attack and the defence. Despite his more defensive playing role in midfield, Di Biagio also possessed a powerful shot from distance, and was a dangerous free kick and penalty kick taker, which also enabled him to contribute offensively Additionally, he excelled in the air, in spite of his relatively short stature, due to his elevation, physical strength, and heading accuracy, which made him a goal threat in the opposing box during set-pieces.
Managerial career
Following his retirement from Ascoli in 2007, Di Biagio returned to football, signing a contract with the amateur 1993 youth side La Polisportiva La Storta as a youth coach, in 2008. In August 2007, he signed a contract with Cisco Roma as a youth coach. In July 2008, he had managed to officially obtain his first degree coaching licence.
On 25 July 2011, he was named the coach of Italy's under-20 side. On 2 July 2013, Luigi Di Biagio stepped up an age group to replace Devis Mangia as Italy's under-21 coach. He made his debut as the Italy under-21 coach on 14 August 2013, in a friendly match against Slovakia, which was won 4–1 by Italy. He eventually helped the U-21 side to qualify for the upcoming 2015 Under-21 European Championship in the Czech Republic, as Italy defeated Slovakia once again in the play-offs.
In the final tournament, Italy were placed in a group containing England and eventual finalists Portugal and Sweden, the latter of whom would go on to win the tournament. Italy finished third in their group, and were eliminated in the first round with four points.
Di Biagio led the Italy under-21 side to the semi-finals of the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where they were eliminated by Spain on 27 June, following a 3–1 defeat.
On 5 February 2018, Di Biagio was confirmed to be the caretaker manager of the senior Italy team for their two friendlies on 23 March and 27 March 2018 against Argentina and England respectively. On 17 March 2018, Di Biagio called up veteran goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon for the two friendlies, despite his initial decision to retire. Di Biagio's first match as Italy coach ended in a 2–0 defeat to Argentina. His second, and final match as caretaker manager, ended in a 1–1 draw to England. On 15 May, it was announced Di Biagio would return to the under-21 side, after the appointment of Roberto Mancini.
Following the Italy U-21 side's first-round elimination in the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, held on home soil, Di Biagio announced his resignation as the under-21 side's manager on 25 June 2019.
On 10 February 2020, he was officially nominated as the new coach of Serie A team S.P.A.L. following the sacking of Leonardo Semplici. With fifteen matches still to be played, the club were at the bottom of Serie A at the time of his nomination. On 2 August 2020, his contract was terminated by mutual consent.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Club
F.C. Internazionale Milano
Serie A: runner-up 2002–03
Coppa Italia: runner-up 2000
Supercoppa Italiana: runner-up 2000
Monza
Coppa Italia Serie C1: 1990–91
International
Italy
UEFA European Championship: runner-up 2000
Italy U-23
Mediterranean Games: 4th place 1993
Individual
A.C. Monza Hall of Fame
Orders
5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2000
References
External links
FIGC Profile
Living people
1971 births
Footballers from Rome
Men's association football midfielders
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's international footballers
SS Lazio players
AC Monza players
Calcio Foggia 1920 players
AS Roma players
Inter Milan players
Brescia Calcio players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
Italy national football team managers
Italian football managers
SPAL managers
Serie A managers
Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games competitors for Italy
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic |
Voices Carry is the first studio album by American new wave band 'Til Tuesday, released in 1985.
'Til Tuesday's debut single was the album's title track, which went to #8 on the Billboard singles chart and remains the band's best-known song. The "Voices Carry" video won the MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist and was played heavily on MTV. It depicts a boyfriend trying to convert Aimee Mann to his upper-class lifestyle; she finally lashes out at him during a concert at Carnegie Hall, standing up from her seat in the audience and belting the lyrics ("He said, shut up! He said, shut up! Oh God, can't you keep it down?...") as she removes her cap to reveal her signature spiky, rat-tailed hair, while her boyfriend hides his face in embarrassment and the rest of the attendees look on in shock.
Except for one short establishing shot of the exterior of New York City's Carnegie Hall, the video was shot completely on-location in Boston, MA. The Strand Theater in Dorchester's Upham's Corner doubled for the interior of Carnegie Hall during the video's final crane shot.
The album's second and third singles were "Looking Over My Shoulder" (which peaked at No. 61 on the Billboard Hot 100) and "Love in a Vacuum".
Production
Martin Rushent was being considered for the role of producer for Voices Carry.
Release
Voices Carry was released on April 20, 1985. The album entered the Billboard 200 at 152nd place on June 25. The album spent 31 weeks on the chart peaking at 19.
Reception
From contemporary reviews, Spin described the album as "a pleasure, but not a revelation." and that "almost all the tunes are instantly catchy, if not especially inspired."
Spin praised the group's vocalist stating that "in lead singer Aimee Mann they may have a star. [...] she has her own look and a voice that's evocative, thought not yet distinctive enough to stake out its own turf in the crowded field of female vocalists." Robert Christgau gave the album a B− rating, stating that the group rolls out "synth-pop hooks like vintage A Flock of Seagulls, but Aimee Mann's throaty warble sounds almost human. And while the generalization level of her aggressively banal lyrics signals product, not expression, every one lands square on a recognizable romantic cliché."
From retrospective reviews, AllMusic wrote that "While most bands from Boston suffered from lack of production, Mike Thorne does a decent job on much of the album and excellent work on the title track." The review found that "Love in a Vacuum" was "over-produced, creating a good album track when the true follow-up hit was actually in hand." The review went on to note haunting lyrics on "I Could Get Used to This" and "No More Crying" which "separate this recording from work of similar '80s bands". The review concluded that "this album and its follow-ups should have had as much commercial success as the Cars, because artistically, they are equal to that band's dynamic debut."
Legacy
The popular Canadian teen drama Degrassi: The Next Generation, which is known for naming each episode after an ‘80s hit song or album, named a two-part episode after this album.
Track listing
Personnel
'Til Tuesday
Aimee Mann – lead vocals, backing vocals, bass
Robert Holmes – electric guitar, backing vocals
Joey Pesce – synthesizers, piano, backing vocals
Michael Hausman – drums, percussion
Production
Produced By Mike Thorne
Executive Producer: Dick Wingate
Engineered By Dominick Maita
Mixed By Harvey Goldberg; assisted by Moira Marquis
Studio Assistants: Mike Krowiak & Jeff Lippay
Mastered By Jack Skinner
Britain Hill - photography
Charts
Certifications
Notes
References
'Til Tuesday albums
1985 debut albums
Epic Records albums
Albums produced by Mike Thorne |
Herbert Akroyd-Stuart (28 January 1864 – 19 February 1927) was an English inventor who is noted for his invention of the hot bulb engine, or heavy oil engine.
Life
Akroyd-Stuart was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, but lived in Australia for a period in his early years. He was educated at Newbury Grammar School (now St. Bartholomew's School) and Finsbury Technical College in London. He was the son of Charles Stuart, founder of the Bletchley Iron and Tinplate Works, joining his father in the business in 1887.
Oil engines
In 1885, Akroyd Stuart accidentally spilt paraffin oil (kerosene) into a pot of molten tin. The paraffin oil vaporised and caught fire when in contact with a paraffin lamp. This gave him an idea to pursue the possibility of using paraffin oil (very similar to modern-day diesel) for an engine, which unlike petrol proved difficult to vaporise in a carburettor because its volatility is insufficient.
His first prototype engines were built in 1886. In 1890, in collaboration with Charles Richard Binney, he filed Patent 7146 for Richard Hornsby and Sons of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. The patent was entitled: "Improvements in Engines Operated by the Explosion of Mixtures of Combustible Vapour or Gas and Air". One such engine was sold to Newport Sanitary Authority, but the compression ratio was too low to get it started from cold, and it needed a heat poultice to get it going.
Hornsby-Akroyd engine
Akroyd-Stuart's engines were built from 26 June 1891 by Richard Hornsby and Sons as the Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine under licence and were first sold commercially on 8 July 1892. It was the first internal combustion engine to use a pressurised fuel injection system.
The Hornsby-Akroyd engine used a comparatively low compression ratio, so that the temperature of the air compressed in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke was not high enough to initiate combustion. Combustion instead took place in a separated combustion chamber, the "vaporizer" (also called the "hot bulb") mounted on the cylinder head, into which fuel was sprayed. It was connected to the cylinder by a narrow passage and was heated either by the cylinder's coolant or by exhaust gases while running; an external flame such as a blowtorch was used for starting. Self-ignition occurred from contact between the fuel-air mixture and the hot walls of the vaporizer. By contracting the bulb to a very narrow neck where it attached to the cylinder, a high degree of turbulence was set up as the ignited gases flashed through the neck into the cylinder, where combustion was completed. As the engine's load increased, so did the temperature of the bulb, causing the ignition period to advance; to counteract pre-ignition, water was dripped into the air intake.
Hot bulb engines were produced until the late 1920s, often being called "semi-diesels", even though they were not as efficient as compression ignition engines. They had the advantage of comparative simplicity, since they did not require the air compressor used by early Diesel engines; fuel was injected mechanically (solid injection) near the start of the compression stroke, at a much lower pressure than that of Diesel engines.
Oil-engined locomotive
Richard Hornsby and Sons built the world's first oil-engined railway locomotive LACHESIS for the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, England, in 1896. They also built the first compression-ignition powered automobile.
Oil engines outside the UK
Sweden
Similar engines were built by Bolinder in Sweden and some of these still survive in canal boats.
United States
Hot bulb engines were built in the USA by the De La Vergne Company of New York City, later the New York Refrigerating Company – inventing the modern refrigerator in 1930, who purchased a licence in 1893.
Akroyd engine and Diesel engine
Both the Diesel engine, and the Akroyd engine run the same kind of fuel, petroleum oil, which has led to a dispute about whether or not the Diesel engine is based upon the Akroyd engine. The fact that the Diesel engine's operating principle differs from the operating principle Rudolf Diesel describes in his essay Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Motor further contributed to this. The Akroyd engine was the first functional internal combustion engine that could use petroleum oil as fuel. It was operational in 1891, six years before the Diesel engine first ran. However, after the Diesel engine had proven successful, "Diesel engine" became the synonym for an engine that ran on any sort of petroleum oil. "Oil engines" that used the Akroyd operating principle were called "Semi-Diesel", and the name "Akroyd", which had been associated with oil engines, fell out of use. Therefore, Herbert Akroyd Stuart sought to replace the term Diesel engine with Akroyd engine in the early 20th century.
Herbert Akroyd Stuart had two patents, No. 7146 Improvements in Engines Operated by the Explosion of Mixtures of Combustible Vapour or Gas and Air, and No. 15994. In the former, the Akroyd engine's operating principle is described as follows: "... at the desired part of this compression stroke, the supply of liquid hydrocarbon is forced, in a spray form, on to the heated vaporiser, which almost instantly changes it into a gas...". Early Akroyd engines indeed operated on this principle. Rudolf Diesel had a patent on the combustion process described in his essay (DRP 67207). The Diesel engine neither operates on the process described in the Akroyd patent, nor on the process described in the DRP 67207 patent. It operates instead on a different operating principle, also invented by Rudolf Diesel (patented in 1893, DRP 82168), which is why Diesel is in fact the Diesel engine's inventor. However, Diesel never admitted that his engine operated on a "secret" operating principle, and claimed that the Diesel engine operates on the (impossible) operating process described in the DRP 67207 patent.
The key difference between the Akroyd and Diesel engines is the ignition: In an Akroyd engine, an ignition device – the so-called "hot bulb" or "vaporiser" – ignites the fuel, because the compression is too low for compression ignition (<300 kPa). A Diesel engine on the other hand has no discrete ignition devices. The fuel instead ignites due to high heat caused solely by piston compression inside the cylinder (>3000 kPa). Since higher compression leads to better efficiency, the lower-pressure Akroyd engine consumes ~ 80% more fuel than a Diesel engine doing the same work.
Death
In 1900, he moved to Australia and set up a company Sanders & Stuart with his brother Charles, late in life moving back to Yorkshire, England. He died on 19 February 1927 in Halifax of throat cancer, and was buried in All Souls church in Boothtown, Halifax.
The University of Nottingham has hosted the Akroyd-Stuart Memorial Lecture on occasional years in his memory since 1928. One was presented by Sir Frank Whittle in 1946. Akroyd Stuart had worked with Professor William Robinson in the late 19th century, who was professor of engineering from 1890 to 1924 at University College Nottingham.
Akroyd-Stuart also left money to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Royal Aeronautical Society and Institute of Marine Engineering, which provided for their respective bi-annual Akroyd-Stuart Prizes.
See also
History of the internal combustion engine
Notes
External links
Biography
Relation to the Ruston and Hornsby history.
History of his Oil Engine at the Anson Engine Museum
De La Vergne Oil Engine used for Marconi's first broadcast
IMechE Herbert Akroyd Prize (sic)
Immortalised by naming a range of bollards after him
All Souls Church, Halifax
Patents
US Patent 845140 Combustion Engine, dated 26 February 1907.
US Patent 502837 Engine operated by the explosion of mixtures of gas or hydrocarbon vapor and air, dated 8 August 1893.
US Patent 439702 Petroleum Engine or Motor, dated 4 November 1890.
1864 births
1927 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Stationary engines
People associated with the internal combustion engine
People from Halifax, West Yorkshire
Academics of the University of Nottingham
People educated at St. Bartholomew's School
British people in colonial Australia |
Alex Pella (born 2 November 1972) is a Spanish yachtsman. In 2014 he became the first and only Spanish to win a transoceanic single-handed race, the Route du Rhum. Alex Pella made history once again, on the 26th of January 2017, when he broke, with the rest of the team, the absolute round-the-world speed sailing record, known as the Jules Verne Trophy., aboard the sophisticated maxi-multihull IDEC 3. They circumnavigated the planet in 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds.
Early life
Alex was born in Barcelona on 2 November 1972, within a nautical environment and a sailing family. Second of four brothers, who have all made boats and sailing their profession, he began to sail as a very young boy aboard his family’s yacht. To date, Alex has sailed on all kinds of racing boats, from the light Mini Transat 6.50 to the most sophisticated Maxi-Trimarans.
Alex has been a professional sailor for over 15 years, in which he has completed more than 150.000 nautical miles. He discovered his passion for offshore single-handed sailing at the end of the 1990s while preparing two Spanish boats for the Solitaire du Figaro.
In his first internationally renowned race -the Mini Transat 6.50 - Alex Pella obtained the best classifications in history for a non-French skipper. He was third in 2003 and second in 2005, winning the long leg from the Canary Islands to Brazil.
He thus became the first and only Spanish to win a leg in a transoceanic solo race.
Other accomplishments
On 19 November 2014, Alex Pella wins the Route du Rhum aboard the "Tales II" and becomes the first and only Spanish to win a transoceanic single-handed regatta.
Alex Pella wrote himself into the history books of the Route du Rhum solo Transatlantic race and Spanish ocean racing when he crossed the finish line of the 3542 miles La Route du Rhum-Destination Guadeloupe race first in Class40 at 06:47:08 hrs TU/07:47:08hrs CET/02:47:08 Local Gaudeloupe.
He sets a new course record of 16d17h47m8s, beating the 2010 mark for the 40 foot Class 17d 23h 10m by 1d 5h 23m 09s.
After starting off Saint Malo on his 42nd birthday, Sunday 2 November, the Spanish sailor took 16d17h47m8s to complete the 3542 miles course, at a theoretical average speed of 8.82kts. In reality he sailed 4336 miles at an average speed of 10.79kts.
Sporting career
2021:
1st RORC Transatlantic Race, aboard the Multi50 "Rayon Vert"
Ultim 32/23 Circuit
Classic Yachts Circuit, aboard the S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Galvana" of The Pella Brothers
2020:
3rd RORC Caribbean 600 – Swan Challenges Series, aboard the Swan65 S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Libelula"
Ultim 32/23 Circuit
2019:
3rd Brest Atlantiques, aboard the Ultim "Actual Leader" with Yves Le Blevec
Ultim 32/23 Circuit (Armen Race, Fastnet Race...etc.)
3rd Défi Atlantique, aboard the Class 40 "Made in Midi" with Kito de Pavant
2nd Panerai Transat Classique, aboard the Yawl Olin Stephens "Stiren"
2018:
Record Hong Kong - London, Tea Route, in 36 days, 2 hours, 37 minutes and 12 seconds, aboard the MOD70 Maserati
3rd Swan Cup, aboard the Swan65 S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Libelula"
Classic Yachts Circuit, aboard the S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Galvana" of The Pella Brothers
2017:
1st Transat Jacques Vabre, Multi50 aboard the Arkema in 10 days, 19 hours, 14 minutes and 19 seconds
Jules Verne Trophy, absolute round-the-world speed sailing record, aboard the IDEC 3. Fastest circumnavigation of the world in 40 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds
2nd The Bridge, aboard the IDEC 3
South Indian Ocean Record in 5 days, 21 hours, 7 minutes and 45 seconds, aboard the IDEC 3
South Pacific Ocean Record in 7 days, 21 hours, 13 minutes and 31 seconds, aboard the IDEC 3
Equator to Equator Record in 29 days, 9 hours, 10 minutes and 55 seconds, aboard the IDEC 3
Classic Yachts Circuit, aboard the S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Galvana" of The Pella Brothers
In 2017-18, he was a crewmember on leg 3 with Team AkzoNobel in the Volvo Ocean Race .
2016:
Jules Verne Trophy, record attempt, aboard the IDEC 3. Circumnavigation of the world in 47 days, 14 hours and 47 minutes
Substitute of the Vendée Globe, round-the-world, single-handed regatta, for the French skipper Kito de Pavant
IMOCA 60 Circuit
Abandon Transat Québec-Saint-Malo, capsized aboard the "MOD70 Musandam Oman-Sail"
Classic Yachts Circuit, aboard the S&S Sparkman & Stephens "Galvana" of The Pella Brothers
2015:
1st Sailing Arabia – The Tour, aboard the “EFG Bank (Monaco)” of Sidney Gavignet
Round Ireland Sailing Record in 40 hours, 51 minutes and 57 seconds, aboard the "MOD 70 Musandam-Oman Sail"
Indian Ocean Record in 6 days, 23 hours and 4 minutes, aboard the IDEC 3, between Cape Agulhas in South Africa (20°East) and South East Cape in Tasmania (146°49 East)
2014:
1st Route du Rhum, aboard the “Tales II”
Record Route du Rhum – Class40 in 16 days, 17 hours, 47 minutes and 8 seconds, aboard the “Tales II”
First and only Spanish to win a transoceanic single-handed regatta
Trophée Course Open UNCL (Union Nationale pour la Course au Large)
Class40 Circuit
2013:
Class40 Circuit
2nd Transat Jacques Vabre (Transoceanic double-handed regatta), aboard the “Tales II” of Gonzalo Botín
Oceanic Multihull Circuit
1st Around Europe, Route des Princes, aboard the Maxi-Trimaran, “Prince de Bretagne 80” of Lionel Lemonchois
2012:
IMOCA 60 Circuit
4th Around Europe, Europa Warm’UP, aboard the “Groupe Bel” of Kito de Pavant
Substitute of the Vendée Globe, round-the-world, single-handed regatta, for the French skipper Kito de Pavant
Skipper of the IMOCA 60 “DCNS” for the film “Turning Tide” (“En Solitaire”), with the famous French actor Fraçois Cluzet
2011:
IMOCA 60 Circuit
4th Barcelona World Race (round-the-world, double-handed regatta, 30.000 miles), aboard the “Estrella Damm”
2010:
IMOCA 60 Circuit
3rd Vuelta a España, with crew, aboard the “Estrella Damm”
Record New York – Barcelona in 12 days, 6 hours, 3 minutes and 48 seconds, aboard the “Estrella Damm”
1st Class40 World Championships, aboard the “TALES” of Gonzalo Botín
2009:
IMOCA 60 Circuit
4th Istanbul Europa Race, aboard the “Virbac Paprec” of Jean Pierre Dick
5th Transat Jacques Vabre (Transoceanic double-handed regatta), aboard the “W Hotels”
2008:
Class40 Circuit, double-handed, aboard the “Tales” of Gonzalo Botín
2nd Class40 World Championships
2007:
Record Denia - Ibiza in 5 hours, 38 minutes and 11 seconds, aboard the “Generalitat Valenciana”
Mini Transat 6.50 Circuit, single-handed, aboard the “Generalitat Valenciana”
Abandon Mini Transat 6.50 after dismasting near Cape Verde
2006:
Med Cup Circuit TP 52, aboard the “BRIBÓN”, skipped by S.M. Juan Carlos I
Mini Transat 6.50 Circuit, single-handed, aboard the “OpenSea”
2005:
2nd Mini Transat 6.50 (International Transoceanic single-handed regatta, 90 participants), aboard the “OpenSea-TeamWork”
First and only Spanish to win a leg of a transoceanic single-handed regatta
Mini Transat 6.50 aboard the “OpenSea”
2004:
IMS Circuit aboard the “Azur de Puig” skipped by S.A.R la Infanta Cristina
Mini Transat 6.50 Circuit aboard the “Open Sea”, double and single-handed
Preparation ORMA 60 “GITANA” Trimaran
Selected Best Spanish Sailor Year 2003
2003:
3rd Mini Transat 6.50 (International Transoceanic single-handed regatta, 90 participants) aboard the “Santiveri-Texknit”
First Spanish podium on a single-handed transoceanic regatta
Mini Transat 6.50 Circuit, aboard the “Sampaquita”
Awards
Juan Sebastian Elcano Award 2019
Selected Best Spanish Sailor Year 2014
Trophée Course Open UNCL (Union Nationale pour la Course au Large) Year 2014
Selected Best Spanish Sailor Year 2013
Selected Best Spanish Sailor Year 2003
Filmography
2017: "Informe Robinson: La vuelta al mundo de Alex Pella"
2014: "Esta es la victoria de todos" - Route du Rhum Documentary Alex Pella
2013: Turning Tide (En solitaire) de Christophe Offenstein Making-of "Turning Tide" (En solitaire)
References
External links
Official website of Alex Pella
Official Facebook of Alex Pella
Official Twitter of Alex Pella
Profile of Alex Pella on the official website of the Route du Rhum
1972 births
Living people
Single-handed sailors
Spanish male sailors (sport)
Volvo Ocean Race sailors |
Convoy SC 107 was the 107th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City on 24 October 1942 and were found and engaged by a wolfpack of U-boats which sank fifteen ships. It was the heaviest loss of ships from any trans-Atlantic convoy through the winter of 1942–43. The attack included one of the largest non-nuclear man-made explosions in history, when torpedoed ammunition ships SS Hobbema and SS Hatimura - both were sunk, one exploded, with the German submarine also being destroyed in the explosion.
Background
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the "Second Happy Time", Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3. However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.
Discovery
B-Dienst decrypted message traffic detailing routing and composition of convoy SC 107, and fifteen U-boats of wolfpack Veilchen (violet) were deployed to intercept it. The convoy was found and reported by , patrolling the same general area as wolfpack Veilchen, on 29 October as the Western Local Escort Force turned the convoy over to Escort Group C-4, supported by the convoy rescue ship Stockport. obtained a HF/DF bearing when U-522 sent the first convoy contact report at 16:24, and the convoy made a course change after dark in the hope of evading the shadowing U-boat. Soon after, a No. 10 Squadron RCAF Digby bomber sunk , patrolling in the area of the convoy. As the boats of Veilchen were sailing towards their assembly point, wolfpack boat was sunk by a RCAF Lockheed Hudson. Wolfpack boat found the convoy and released U-522 to sail off for other prey.
First attack on 1/2 November
Stockport and Restigouche located 25 HF/DF transmissions from the eight U-boats in contact with the convoy on the afternoon of 1 November, but the single destroyer was unable to investigate all of them. At sunset HMS Celandine was sent to investigate the closest HF/DF fix eight miles off the port quarter; and Restigouche made a sweep astern. After sunset, a clearing sky revealed the flickering aurora borealis to port silhouetting the convoy and its three remaining escorts. As Restgouche engaged an ASDIC contact six miles behind the convoy with depth charges and star shells, nervous merchant sailors revealed the convoy location by firing snowflake pyrotechnic mortars.
While Restigouche pursued another U-boat, Kapitänleutnant Siegfried von Forstner's passed the destroyer at 22:40 while overtaking the silhouetted convoy from astern. When corvette had a radar malfunction, U-402 went undetected as it penetrated the starboard side on the convoy screen about midnight to torpedo the British freighter Empire Sunrise. Empire Sunrise fired two flares and most of the ships in convoy fired snowflake mortars. U-402 dived to avoid the rapidly approaching Restigouche whose depth charges were comfortably distant. Restigouche narrowly avoided torpedoes launched a short time later by as the convoy changed course 40 degrees to port to confuse the U-boats.
While Celandine dropped astern to screen Stockport rescuing survivors from Empire Sunrise, U-402 twice more penetrated the convoy screen where Celadine had been and torpedoed the Greek freighter Rinos and British freighters Dalcroy, , and Empire Leopard. U-402 was lightly damaged by machine-gun fire from corvette and by a projectile from a merchant ship. Kapitänleutnant von Forstner would receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his work in U-402 during this convoy and in Convoy SC 118 on the next patrol. U-522 torpedoed the Greek freighter Mount Pelion and British freighters Hartington and Maratima. During the melee, merchant ships avoided two torpedoes launched by , three from , and four from ; while Arvida avoided damage from machine-gun fire by several merchant ships who thought she might be a U-boat.
2 November
Rain and misty weather caused the U-boats to lose contact after U-522 torpedoed Greek freighter Parthenon in a daylight attack. Escort Group C-4 was reinforced by the V-class destroyer from convoy HX 213 before nine U-boats regained contact when visibility improved on 3 November.
Second attack on 3/4 November
Celandine, Amherst and Vanessa attacked the gathering U-boats unsuccessfully while the convoy reassembled after losing cohesion in the fog. One of the straggling merchant ships avoided two torpedoes launched by U-438. U-521 torpedoed the American tanker Hahira shortly after dawn on 3 November. Stockport was carrying 350 survivors by the time she picked up those from Hahira. Harbor tugs and had been attached to the convoy for passage to Iceland, and were detailed to act as rescue ships because Stockport was carrying three times her intended capacity. The little tugs were ordered to keep their running lights on in their assigned rescue positions astern of the convoy to minimize chances they might be mistaken for U-boats. torpedoed the convoy commodore's freighter Jeypore after sunset on 3 November; but snowflake illumination was minimal because most ships had exhausted their supply of pyrotechnics during the earlier attacks. Corvettes and made unsuccessful counterattacks before torpedoed the Dutch freighter SS Hobbema and British freighters Empire Lynx and Hatimura at 23:10. The entire convoy and nearby U-boats were shaken thirty minutes later by a heavy explosion believed to have been one of the largest prior to atomic bomb testing. The magnitude of the explosion temporarily stopped the engine of the rescue tug six miles astern of the convoy and caused several ships to believe they had been torpedoed. Titus was abandoned before the captain realized she was undamaged and returned with a skeleton crew including survivors from other ships. U-boats submerged at a depth of 200 feet reported being severely jolted, and U-132 is believed to have been destroyed by the detonation. The cause of the explosion was undetermined, but assumed to have resulted from detonation of the ammunition cargo of either Hobbema or Hatimura while they were sinking.
On 4 November, Arvida and Celandine were detached to Iceland with Stockport and the two tugs overcrowded with a total of 590 survivors. U-89 torpedoed the British freighter Daleby shortly before the convoy escort was reinforced by the United States Coast Guard cutter and the s and from Iceland. No. 120 Squadron RAF B-24 Liberators scrambled from Iceland drove off the remaining U-boats, and the convoy reached Liverpool on 10 November.
Ships in convoy
German losses
RCAF bombers, patrolling the area of Convoy SC 107, sunk the free-patrolling on 30 October and wolfpack Veilchen member on 5 November. Wolfpack Veilchen boat sunk herself through the explosion caused by her torpedoing of Hobbema (or Hatimura) on 4 November.
See also
Convoy Battles of World War II
Operation CHASE for a description of experimental detonation of obsolete munition cargoes in sinking ships to simulate nuclear testing.
Notes
References
SC107
Naval battles of World War II involving Canada
C |
Jonathan October (born 21 September 1974) is a South African-born Finnish cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. He was born in Mossel Bay.
October's career began in 2002 when he represented Finland at the ECC Representative Festival competition, against Slovenia. Thanks to October's batting in the 40-over match, putting on 45 runs, they won the match by nine wickets.
October played in the Notts Sport Affiliates Championship competition in 2005, and in 2006 played in the Second Division of the Shepherd Neame Kent Cricket League for Bromley Common. October picked up two first-class appearances and two List A appearances for South Western Districts in the SAA Three-Day Challenge competition of 2006–07.
October played one further season in the Kent Cricket League, boosting Bromley Common's middle-order offense, and making a half-century in his final game in the competition.
External links
Jonathan October at Cricket Archive
1974 births
Living people
People from Mossel Bay
Finnish cricketers
South Western Districts cricketers
South African cricketers
Cricketers from the Western Cape |
STR, StR, Str or str may refer to:
Organizations
Scuderia Toro Rosso, a Formula One motor racing team
Séminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivières, a school in Quebec
Sociedade da Terra Redonda, a Brazilian atheist and critical thinking organization
South Tynedale Railway, an English heritage railway
Specialized Technology Resources, an American corporation
STR, Inc hotel industry data company, formerly Smith Travel Research
Stranraer Harbour railway station code
Stuttgart Airport, Germany, IATA code
Science, medicine, and technology
Short tandem repeat or microsatellite, in a genome
Special Theory of Relativity
Specialty registrar (StR), UK medical title
Suspend to RAM, S3 power state in computing
Synchronous transmit-receive, an IBM communications protocol
Jaguar STR, a car
Sort-Tile-Recursive, bulk-loading method for an R-Tree data structure
str or STR, term for character string or function in some programming languages, see Comparison of programming languages (string functions)
Swedish Twin Registry, a registry of twins in Sweden established in 1961
Steps to reproduce, a sequence of actions that will reproduce a problem. Primarily used in software development.
Other
Short-term rental, self-contained apartment rented for short periods of time
Silambarasan Thesingu Rajendar, (born 1983), known as S.T.R., an Indian film director
Suspicious Transaction Report by a financial institution
.str, a video file included in a PlayStation (PS1) video game and contains a cinematic played in the game |
Vapar Sar (; also known as Vafar Sar) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Rudsar County |
Skinnskatteberg Municipality (Skinnskattebergs kommun) is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Skinnskatteberg.
In 1952 a new greater municipality was created when "old" Skinskatteberg was merged with Gunnilbo and Hed. The next subdivision reform of 1971 did not affect this entity.
Geography
8% of the area consists of water (streams or lakes). Good possibilities for outdoor activities such as walking, hunting and fishing.
Localities
Riddarhyttan
Skinnskatteberg (seat)
Minor localities:
Färna
Karmansbo
Kärrbo
Nature reserves
As of 2022, there are 20 nature reserves in Skinnskatteberg Municipality.
Baggå
Forsån
Grisnäs
Hedströmmen
Klockarbo
Klockljungsreservaten
Lappland
Malingsbo-Kloten
Matkullen
Ormdalen
Passboberget
Råmyran
Skommarmossen
Stora Flyten
Sunnanfors
Utterdalen
Vargberget
Venabäcken
Årsbäcken and Örtjärnsskogen
History
The area was known as Skinnsäckeberg in the medieval age, which translates to "Skinsack mountain", perhaps referring to skinsacks used to carry material up to the mountains, but no one known for sure.
The area, located within the Mining district of Central Sweden (Bergslagen) was a mining district since the 14th century, mostly for iron, but copper was also mined for.
Cultural life
The municipality has a flowering cultural life with several theatre groups. There is an annual choral meeting, among other music activities. A pride is Galleri Astley in Uttersberg, which is an internationally renowned art center and gallery with around 100 000 visits annually.
Ekomuseum Bergslagen shows the history and culture of iron. It is a museum without walls consisting more than 50 different objects, extending through six municipalities. Twelve of those objects are situated in Skinnskatteberg.
Röda Jorden (The Red Soil) is Sweden’s to date oldest iron preparation site, active between 700 BC to 200 AD. There is a reconstruction of a furnace and a roasting hearth used to demonstrate the process. You can book a day of activities or for a shorter guidetour. You can also discover the area by yourself.
Kopparverket (The Copper Works) at Riddarhyttan has seen industrial activity since the Middle Ages. There are many buildings, ponds and ruins standing and a posted path to show the way.
Lienshyttan (The Blast Furnace of Lienshyttan) is from 1847. The Bastnäs mineral and mine area is one of the world’s richest mineral sites.
Färna bruk is an ironworks from the 16th century with a stately manor. There is also a remarkable mausoleum and a pavilion with lovely paintings. The manor house is a hotel sometime visited by the King of Sweden Carl XlV Gustav.
The Karmansbo bruksmiljö is a well-preserved industrial area with a mansion, workers residences, Lancashire forges and works office. The manor house is a hotel there too. You can see the forges in work in one day in July every year or you can book it for a day of your own.
Ebba Brahes pavilion lies on an island below the Bockhammar manor, probably the oldest pavilion in the country.
This one is an octagonal, pink pavilion built in the 17th century. There is a summer café close.
Outdoor activities
The area has great possibilities for a rich outdoor life. There are 244 lakes and most of them are available for fishing. Fishing is a widely spread activity in the district and attracts a lot of visitors. In most of the lakes you can take a swim. You can walk the Bruksleden Trail or the Ormdalen path in the Ormdalen area, which is a geologically interesting phenomenon. You can also take a trip along the canoe trails. The municipality has 13 nature reserves of different kinds. You can walk in the footsteps of the Pilgrims. Romboleden, the trail of Rombo, leads from Köping to Trondheim in Norway where Saint Olov is buried, and passes Skinnskatteberg on its way.
Notability
The municipality has among the most mansions of Sweden's municipalities:
Baggå, Bernshammars, Färna, Jönsarbo, Karmansbo, Nyhammars, Skinnskatteberg and Uttersberg.
The mansion of Skinskatteberg is particularly well known. It was constructed in 1779 by architect Wilhelm Hising. Every year a choir assembly is held by the mansion.
See also
Mining in Sweden
References
External links
Skinnskatteberg Municipality - Official site
Municipalities of Västmanland County |
Hanna or Hannah is an Irish and Scottish surname, ultimately of Irish origin from O'Hannaidh, or descendants of the lowland Clan Hannay.
Hanna (ܚܲܢܵܐ) is also an Assyrian surname, a shortened form of Yohannan, the Aramaic equivalent for John.
Notable people with the surnames include:
Hanna
Arthur Dion Hanna (1928–2021), Governor-General of the Bahamas
Billy Hanna (c. 1929–1975), Northern Irish loyalist and Ulster Volunteer Force leader
Charles Hanna (1889–1942), American politician
Ciara Hanna (born 1991), American actress and model
David Blyth Hanna (1858–1938), Canadian railway executive
Delphine Hanna (1854–1941), American physical education professor
Edward A. Hanna (1922-2009), American politician
Edward Joseph Hanna (1860–1944), American bishop
Gabbie Hanna (born 1991), American Internet personality
Gertrud Hanna (1876–1944), German activist and politician
Gila Hanna (born 1934), Canadian mathematics educator and philosopher of mathematics
Jack Hanna (born 1947), American animal expert
James Hanna (died 1787), British maritime fur trader
James Hanna (born 1989) American football player
James Hanna (1816-1872), American judge
Jenn Hanna (born 1980), Canadian curler
Jim Hanna (c. 1947–1974), Northern Irish loyalist and Ulster Volunteer Force leader
John Hanna (Indiana politician) (1827–1882), United States Representative from Indiana
John A. Hanna (1762–1805), United States Representative from Pennsylvania
John G. Hanna (1889–1948), American sailboat designer
Kate Hanna (born 1996), Australian field hockey player
Kathleen Hanna (born 1968), American musician, activist and writer
Lucy Hanna, American photographer
Marjorie Hanna, Canadian ballplayer, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
Mark Hanna (1837–1904), American industrialist and US Senator
Mark Hanna (screenwriter) (1917–2003), American screenwriter and actor
Ray Hanna (1928–2005), New Zealand-born RAF officer, later a civilian pilot and 'warbird' collector
Richard L. Hanna (1951-2020), United States Representative from New York
Roland Hanna (1932–2002), American jazz pianist
Stanley S. Hanna (1920–2012), American physicist
Stephen Hanna, New York City Ballet principal dancer
Vincent Hanna (1939–1997), Northern Irish television journalist
William Hanna (1910–2001), American animator and co-founder of Hanna-Barbera
Hannah
Alan Hannah (born 1971), Scottish curler and coach.
Barry Hannah (1942–2010), American author
Bob Hannah (baseball), American college baseball coach
Brook Hannah (1874–1961), Australian rules footballer and missionary
Daryl Hannah (born 1960), American actress
David Hannah (born 1973), Scottish (association) football player
Dorita Hannah, New Zealand architect
Jack Hannah (1913–1994), American director of animated shorts
John Hannah (actor) (born 1962), Scottish actor
John Hannah (American football) (born 1951), American former left guard for the New England Patriots
John Hannah (VC) (1921–1947), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
John A. Hannah (1902–1991), president of Michigan State University
John D. Hannah, American author and professor
John P. Hannah (born 1962), senior aide on national security to Dick Cheney
Surnames of Scottish origin
Surnames of Irish origin
de:Hannah (Begriffsklärung)
simple:Hannah |
The Winnipeg Goldeyes are a minor-league baseball team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Goldeyes play in the American Association of Professional Baseball, which they joined in 2011. Previously, the Goldeyes were members of the Northern League from 1994 until 2010. The Goldeyes were champions of the Northern League in 1994. They are also three-time champions of the American Association; having won in 2012, and back-to-back in 2016 and 2017. The team is named after the goldeye, a fish usually served as a smoked delicacy and commonly called Winnipeg goldeye.
History
There have been two separate and distinct baseball teams based out of Winnipeg to use the Goldeyes name, each playing in different incarnations of the Northern League. They first played in the original Northern League from 1954 until 1964. During that time, the Goldeyes were a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals and they won the league championship three times (1957, 1959, and 1960). The Goldeyes returned to the Short Season-A Northern League for one season, 1969, as an affiliate of the expansion Kansas City Royals, but they did not return in 1970, and the entire league shut down after the 1971 season.
The Goldeyes name was resurrected in 1994 when the independent league Rochester Aces of the new Northern League relocated to Winnipeg. It was decided the team would take on the name of the former Winnipeg team in honor of the past. In their inaugural season in Winnipeg, the new Goldeyes captured the Northern League championship.
The Goldeyes became the longest tenured franchise in the Northern League following the departure of the St. Paul Saints, Sioux City Explorers, and Sioux Falls Canaries to the breakaway American Association in 2005; however, the team would jump to the American Association after the 2010 season. The Goldeyes captured their first American Association championship in 2012, sweeping the Wichita Wingnuts in the finals.
The Goldeyes fueled their rivalry with Wichita in 2016, when they defeated the Wingnuts in game five in Wichita for their second American Association championship. Next season, the teams would meet again; this matchup looked as if the Wingnuts won the series in game four after a ground-out won the game and the team began celebrating on the mound. However, the umpire had called a balk and the strike was re-thrown; the Goldeyes tied the game later in the at-bat and forced a marathon 17-inning game. This was the longest game in American Association history, which they won to play a game five. The Goldeyes would seal back-to-back championships with an 18–2 victory over Wichita at home in Winnipeg.
In 2020, the league announced that the Goldeyes would compete as one of six teams in a condensed 60-game season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they would not play games at Shaw Park, and were instead based at Newman Outdoor Field (thus sharing a home field with the Fargo Moorhead RedHawks). Due to continued border restrictions, the Goldeyes announced plans to initially play home games during the 2021 season out of The Ballpark at Jackson in Jackson, Tennessee, the former home of the Jackson Generals. However, Jackson Mayor Scott Conger notified the teams that the Generals lost their authority to manage the city-owned ballpark when they lost their affiliation with Minor League Baseball and that they were issued an eviction notice to leave the stadium after May 30, nine days after the Goldeyes' May 21 home opener. On June 1, the Goldeyes entered into a new license agreement with the city to continue use of the facility. On July 22, the Goldeyes were granted permission from the federal and provincial governments to return to Shaw Park for games beginning on August 3.
Stadium
From 1994 to 1998, the Goldeyes played their homes games at Winnipeg Stadium, a Canadian football stadium retrofitted for baseball. The team moved into CanWest Global Park (now Shaw Park), their own baseball-only facility, prior to the 1999 season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Goldeyes played its 2020 season home games at Newman Outdoor Field, and April–July home games in the 2021 season at The Ballpark at Jackson.
Season-by-season records
Playoffs
1994 season: Defeated Sioux City 3–1 to win championship
1995 season: Lost to St. Paul 3–1 in championship
1996 season: Lost to Fargo-Moorhead 2–1 in semifinals
1997 season: Defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3–2 in semifinals; lost to Duluth-Superior 3–2 in championship
1998 season: Lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3–1 in semifinals
1999 season: Defeated Sioux City 3–0 in quarterfinals; defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3–0 in semifinals; lost to Albany-Colonie 3–1 in championship
2000 season: Lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3–0 in quarterfinals
2001 season: Defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3–2 in quarterfinals; defeated Lincoln 3–1 in semifinals; lost to New Jersey 3–1 in championship
2002 season: Defeated Lincoln 3–2 in quarterfinals; defeated Sioux City 3–1 in semifinals; lost to New Jersey 3–1 in championship
2003 season: Defeated St. Paul 3–2 in semifinals; lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3–1 in championship
2006 season: Lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3–2 in semifinals
2007 season: Lost to Gary SouthShore 3–2 in semifinals
2008 season: Lost to Gary SouthShore 3–1 in semifinals
2009 season: Lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3–2 in semifinals
2011 season: Lost to St. Paul 3–2 in semifinals
2012 season: Defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3–0 in semifinals; defeated Wichita 3–0 to win championship
2014 season: Lost to Lincoln 3–2 in semifinals
2016 season: Defeated St. Paul 3–2 in semifinals; defeated Wichita 3–2 to win championship
2017 season: Defeated Lincoln 3–1 in semifinals; defeated Wichita 3–2 to win championship
Roster
Retired numbers
5, Brian Duva
6, Max Poulin
11, Reggie Abercrombie
21, Donnie Smith
22, Hal Lanier
31, Andrew "Ace" Walker
Notable alumni
Dann Bilardello (1994)
Pete Coachman (1994)
Rich Thompson (1994)
Jim Wilson (1994)
Jeff Bittiger (1994–1995)
Mike Cather (1995)
Steve Springer (1995)
Brad Komminsk (1996)
Terry Lee (1995–1997)
Steve Pegues (1997)
Jeff Zimmerman (1997)
Jeff Sparks (1997–1998)
Scott Lydy (1998)
Dwayne Hosey (1999)
Warren Newson (2000)
Erik Plantenberg (2000)
Luis Ortiz (2001)
Bobby Madritsch (2002)
Pete Rose Jr. (2002)
George Sherrill (2002–2003)
Jalal Leach (2003)
Wes Chamberlain (1998, 2000, 2004)
Amaury García (2004)
Wilfredo Rodríguez (2004)
Andy Stewart (2004)
David Manning (2005)
Chad Meyers (2005)
Shawn Sedlacek (2005)
Reggie Harris (2006)
Julius Matos (2006)
Jimmy Hurst (2006–2007)
Chris Latham (2007)
Walter Young (2007)
Brandon Kintzler (2007
–2008)
Bill Pulsipher (2009)
Juan Díaz (2009–2010)
Bobby Korecky (2010)
Donzell McDonald (2010)
Brian Myrow (1999–2001, 2011)
Ian Thomas (2009–2011)
Jamie Vermilyea (2011)
Bárbaro Cañizares (2012)
Chris Roberson (2012)
Yurendell DeCaster (2012–2013)
Tyler Graham (2013)
Ray Sadler (2013–2014)
Ryan Bollinger (2014)
Mike Wilson (2015)
Jailen Peguero (2015–2016)
Winston Abreu (2016)
Evan Rutckyj (2017)
Tyler Herron (2018)
Tommy Mendonca (2018)
Reynaldo Rodríguez (2018)
Dave Sappelt (2018)
Brennan Bernardino (2018)
Reggie Abercrombie (2014–2019)
Josh Romanski (2016–2019)
Willy García (2019)
Brandon Cumpton (2020)
Josh Lucas (2020)
Darnell Sweeney (2020)
Eric Wood (2020)
Kyle Martin (2019–2021)
Bud Norris (2021)
See also
List of baseball teams in Canada
References
Sources
Goldeyes official website
nlfan.com – yearly league standings and awards
External links
Winnipeg Goldeyes official site
CJNU broadcasts all Winnipeg Goldeyes games
nlfan.com Winnipeg Goldeyes Guide
nlfan.com Rochester Aces Guide
American Association of Professional Baseball teams
Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010) teams
Baseball teams established in 1994 |
The Broads Society is a waterway society in Norfolk and Suffolk, England, UK.
The society was founded in 1956 to provide a focus for anyone interested in the region, e.g. navigators, naturalists, farmers, residents and visitors. It campaigned in the 1960s and 1970s for special status for The Broads, and in 1988 the area was given special protection, a status similar to that of a National Park after the passing of the Norfolk & Suffolk Broads Act 1988.
Today the Broads Society has a membership of about 1200, and it monitors pressures on the unique Broads environment, as well as commenting on planning applications. It is represented on the Broads Authority's Broads Forum.
The Broads Society became a joint owner of the eel sett at Candle Dyke which is the last working sett in the East of England.
The Society's volunteers are known as "Broadsword"; they work during the winter months clearing trees and scrub from river banks. This encourages the re-colonisation of banks by reedswamp and helps maintains the unique environment found in Broadland. It also improves sailing conditions.
The Mission Statement of the Broads Society is as follows:
"Our members share a common purpose to help secure a sustainable future for The Broads as a unique and protected landscape in which leisure, tourism and the local economy can thrive in harmony with the natural environment".
See also
List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Broads Society
Clubs and societies in Norfolk
Organisations based in Suffolk
1956 establishments in England
Organizations established in 1956 |
Beauval (; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
Beauval is north of Amiens, towards Doullens, on the national road N25.
Population
Places and monuments
Magnificent church; the interior has been used as the backdrop to some French films.
The War Memorial
See also
Communes of the Somme department
References
Communes of Somme (department) |
The azure-naped jay (Cyanocorax heilprini) is a species of bird in the family Corvidae.
It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
Taxonomy
The Azure-naped jay was first described by Alan F. Gentry based on a single specimen, marked as a male, from the T. B. Wilson Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
The genus Cyanocorax comes from the Ancient Greek kuanos (dark blue) and korax (raven). The species epithet heilprini honours Gentry's friend, Professor Angelo Heilprin.
There are two identified subspecies:
C. h. heilprini. The nominate subspecies.
C. h. hafferi. This subspecies, Campina Jay, was described as a new species in 2013, but the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithologists' Union did not support the proposal.
Description
The back is dark brown, as are the upper sides of the wings and tail. The rear crown and nape are bright lavender blue. The front and sides of the head are black, with the feathers of the forecrown and forehead curled up and forwards in a short bushy crest. From the chin to the centre of the breast the bird is dark violaceous-grey. The lower breast and belly are violaceous, fading to white on the lower belly and vent. The eyes are pale to yellowish-white and the bill, feet and legs are black.
Distribution and Habitat
This species is a native resident species of the Amazon basin, found from Southeast Colombia to Southwest Venezuela (Amazonas) and extreme northwest Brazil.
It is a bird of the lower tropical zone, found at altitudes of 250m and below. Its preferred habitat is stunted forests, forest edges and second growth on sandy soils in the upper Río Negro basin, as well as in lighter savannah woodland. Two recent surveys of birds Amazon basin found the Azure-naped jay is endemic to areas of white sand forest, and is not found in nearby areas of nearby terra firme forests, seasonally flooded forests and Amazonian savannas.
Behaviour
These birds are found in noisy groups that travel slowly, foraging at all levels. They are wary of observers and will utter alarm cries, taking turns to observe an intruder before moving on, or simply disappear into surrounding vegetation.
Status
The azure-naped jay is rated a species of Least Concern by Birdlife International, because it occurs over a very large range and the population, though declining, is not thought to be declining rapidly enough to reach the threshold of Vulnerable status.
References
azure-naped jay
Birds of the Colombian Amazon
Birds of the Venezuelan Amazon
azure-naped jay
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Aperture Peak is a 13,265-foot-elevation (4,043 meter) mountain summit located in Inyo County, California, United States.
Description
Aperture Peak is set within the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is situated one-half mile east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the Palisades area, just outside the boundary of Kings Canyon National Park. It is approximately west of the community of Big Pine, one mile (1.6 km) east-northeast of Bishop Pass, north of line parent Mount Agassiz, and southeast of Picture Puzzle. Aperture Peak ranks as the 95th-highest summit in California, and the fourth-highest peak of the Inconsolable Range. Topographic relief is modest as the summit rises above the Big Pine Lakes in 1.5 mile. The west face of the peak features a large, white, diagonal dike, and a rock glacier lies below the east face.
History
The first ascent of the summit was made June 14, 1934, by David Brower and Hervey Voge. This landform's toponym was officially adopted in 1969 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, but the name was used informally by mountaineers for years prior. The geological term "aperture" is the measure of the distance separating adjacent rock walls relating to joints and open discontinuities.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Aperture Peak is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains east into headwaters of North Fork Big Pine Creek, and west into headwaters of South Fork Bishop Creek.
Gallery
See also
List of the major 4000-meter summits of California
Thirteener
References
External links
Weather forecast: Aperture Peak
Inyo National Forest
Mountains of Inyo County, California
Mountains of the John Muir Wilderness
North American 4000 m summits
Mountains of Northern California
Sierra Nevada (United States) |
Ankijabe is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambato-Boeni, which is a part of Boeny Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 19,000 in 2001.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 55% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 32% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, maize and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 3% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population.
Roads
Ankijabe is situated on the National road 33b between Andranofasika (RN4) and Ambato Ambarimay.
References and notes
Populated places in Boeny |
Willy Bocklant (26 January 1941 – 6 June 1985) was a Belgian professional road racing cyclist active as a professional between 1962 and 1969. Among his biggest victories are the 1964 edition of Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the overall classification of the Tour de Romandie in 1963. Bocklant was born in Bellegem and died in Mouscron.
Palmarès
External links
1941 births
1985 deaths
Cyclists from Kortrijk
Belgian male cyclists
20th-century Belgian people |
Rectum is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is part of the municipality of Wierden. The hamlet is located about north of Enter.
Etymology
The name is of Low Saxon origin and is a combination of corrupted words Recde or Regde (from the old name for the river Regge) and suffix -tum, meaning residence, or settlement. The name translates to 'settlement on the Regge'.
History
The area around Rectum was settled in prehistory. Pottery has been discovered from the 10th and 11th century. Rectum was first mentioned in 1297. It has always been an agricultural community. During the 21st century, vineyards were established in the hamlet.
At the 1795 census, Rectum was home to 151 people. A school was established in the mid-17th century, but closed in the 1980s. A joint school with was established, and nowadays the two hamlets cooperate extensively, and share resources.
The postal authority does not recognise Rectum as a separate entity and has put it under Wierden. The hamlet is a statistical entity.
Nature
Rectum is located in a forested area. In the early 21st century, drinking water wells were dug in the Rectum-IJpelo area, and a water buffer has been constructed. In 2013, it opened and provides drinking water for 150,000 people. The nature area Dakhorst has been laid out around the water buffer.
References
Populated places in Overijssel
Wierden |
Spiracles () are openings on the surface of some animals, which usually lead to respiratory systems.
The spiracle is a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish. In the jawless fish, the first gill opening immediately behind the mouth is essentially similar to the other gill opening. With the evolution of the jaw in the early jawed vertebrates, this gill slit was caught between the forward gill-rod (now functioning as the jaw) and the next rod, the hyomandibular bone, supporting the jaw hinge and anchoring the jaw to the skull proper. The gill opening was closed off from below, the remaining opening was small and hole-like, and is termed a spiracle.
In many species of sharks and all rays the spiracle is responsible for the intake of water into the buccal space before being expelled from the gills. The spiracle is often located towards the top of the animal allowing breathing even while the animal is mostly buried under sediments. As sharks adapted a faster moving lifestyle some became obligate ram ventilators, breathing exclusively by forcing water through their gills by swimming, among these are requiem sharks and hammerhead sharks which have lost their spiracles
In elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) the spiracle bears a small pseudobranch that resembles a gill in structure, but only receives blood already oxygenated by the true gills. The function of the pseudobranch is unknown, but it is believed that it supplies highly oxygenated blood to the optic choroid and retina and may have baroreceptor (pressure) and thermoregulation functions. It may also be a site of oxygen chemoreception.
Chimaeras lack spiracles, using gill opercula for buccal pumping instead. Bony fish have similar gill opercula but the basalmost ray-finned fish bichirs use their spiracles for inhaling air into their lungs, this leads to speculation this may be the original air breathing mechanism ancestral to all bony fish and tetrapods. Coelacanths have closed off spiracles which may be a product of their deepwater lifestyle and loss of air breathing lungs. Bichirs as a whole may more closely resemble the common ancestor of lobe-finned fish and bony fish as a whole than coelacanths due to their deepwater adaptations.
Acipenseriformes including sturgeons and paddlefish have small seemingly vestigial spiracles much like coelacanths further reduced in Holostei and completely absent in Teleostei, the clade containing 96% of all extant species of fish.
In tetrapods the spiracle seems to have developed first into the otic notch of early tetrapods where it was still used in respiration and incapable of sensing sound, and then into the ear of modern tetrapods which by the Eustachian tube remains connected to the buccal cavity.
The spiracle is still found in all cartilaginous fish except requiem sharks, hammerhead sharks, and chimaeras, and is found in some primitive bony fishes (coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish and bichirs). It is also seen as an otic notch in the skull of the extinct labyrinthodonts, and is thought to be associated with the ear opening in amniotes and frogs.
Blowholes in cetaceans are also sometimes referred to as spiracles, but they are not homologous with the spiracles of fish, having instead developed from the trachea. In cetaceans and other mammals, the organs homologous with the spiracles of fish are the ears.
References
Respiratory system
Vertebrate anatomy |
William Harrison Gest (January 7, 1838 – August 9, 1912) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, Gest moved with his parents to Rock Island in 1842.
He was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1860.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1862 and commenced practice in Rock Island, Illinois.
Gest was elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress.
Circuit judge of the fourteenth judicial district of Illinois from June 1897 until his death in Rock Island, Illinois, August 9, 1912.
He was interred in Chippiannock Cemetery.
References
1838 births
1912 deaths
Politicians from Jacksonville, Illinois
Politicians from Rock Island, Illinois
Williams College alumni
Illinois state court judges
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges |
The Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III is a statuette of a sphinx made during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt under the reign of Thutmose III, who ruled from to 1425 BCE. Adorned with multiple symbols of royal power, it might have been an element or a lock. It was purchased by the Louvre in 1826, and is part of the permanent collections in the display case 4 in Room 637 (formerly 24), Sully Wing, first floor.
Symbolism
The statuette is adorned with gold inlays highlighting symbols of royal power. The sphinx depicts Pharaoh reclining on the Nine bows, which represent the traditional enemies of Egypt brought to submission. The front of the statuette uses the lapwing Rekhyt bird to spell "all the people give praise", using the basket hieroglyph V30 ("nb") for "all"' the lapwing hieroglyph G24 𓅛 ("rḫyt") for "the people" and the star hieroglyph N14 𓇼 for "praising" (this is a rebus). Djed pillars of "Dominion" adorn on the side of the statuette.
Sources and references
Sphinx de Thoutmosis III, Louvre Museum
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Sculptures of ancient Egypt
Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre
Sphinxes
15th-century BC works |
The Diocese of Linköping () is a diocese within the Church of Sweden administering the Östergötland County, the north eastern part of Jönköping County and the northern part of Kalmar County. It comprises nine deaneries subdivided into 176 parishes with a total of 443,000 members. The diocese's largest parish is Motala. The Diocese of Linköping has a rank directly below the Archdiocese of Uppsala of the Church of Sweden. The current bishop is Marika Markovits.
The diocesan territory comprises Östergötland County and parts of Jönköping and Kalmar County. It has 212 parishes with a total of 443,000 members.
Pre-Reformation history
The diocese originally included Småland, Östergötland, the Islands of Gotland and Öland. The district of Värend in Småland was taken from Linköping and formed into the Diocese of Växjö about 1160. From 990 to 1100 the Diocese of Skara embraced the whole country of the Goths (Gauthiod); it was then divided between those of Skara and Linköping. The diocese was a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bremen, and became a suffragan of the Diocese of Lund, when the latter was elevated to an archdiocese in 1104.
The first three bishops of Linköping were Herbert, Richard and Gisle (c. 1138–48). Then came Stenar, who apparently resigned in 1160 and subsequently became Bishop of Vexiö. Notable bishops after him were Kol (c. 1160–96), who died on a pilgrimage in Jerusalem, Bengt Magnusson, who was killed at the Battle of Lihula in Estonia on 8 August 1220, and Benedict (1220–37). The last Catholic bishop of Linköping was Hans Brask (born 1464; bishop, 1513–27; died 30 July 1539). He was compelled to leave his diocese in 1527 owing to the adoption of Lutheranism in Sweden at the Diet of Västerås.
Council of Skenninge
Of the numerous provincial and diocesan synods held in the Diocese of Linköping, the Council of Skenninge (1248) was the most important. The papal legate, Cardinal William of Sabina, presided and the celibacy of the clergy was strongly enforced. The following religious institutions were set up in the diocese between the twelfth and the sixteenth centuries: the cathedral chapter, which consisted at the time of the Reformation of a dean, an archdeacon, a subdean, nine canons and fifteen other prebendaries; the Cistercians had three houses for men, the abbeys of Alvastra, the mother-house of the Cistercian Order in Sweden, in Östergötland and Nydala in Småland, both founded in 1143, and Gutvalla (Roma) in Gotland; also four nunneries, Vreta Abbey (1160), Askaby, Byarum, dissolved about 1250 and the nuns transferred to Sko (in Upland) and Solberga Abbey (Gotland); the Brigittines, who had the great Abbey of Vadstena; the Dominicans, who possessed priories at Skenninge (1220?), Visby (1240) and Kalmar, as well as nunneries at Skenninge (1260) and Kalmar (1286). There were hospitals at Linköping, Visby (2), Söderköping (2) Skenninge (2), Kalmar (2), Norrabygd (Uknabäck) and on the Island of Öland. Most of these institutions were suppressed at the Reformation.
See also
List of bishops of Linköping
References
External links
Östergötland County
Linkoping
Jönköping County
Kalmar County
Former Catholic dioceses in Sweden
Dioceses established in the 12th century |
William Broadbent may refer to:
William Broadbent (1825–1907), English neurologist
William Broadbent (minister) (1755–1827), English Unitarian minister
William Broadbent, 3rd Baronet (1904–1987), of the Broadbent baronets
See also
William Broadbent Luddington (1843–1888), English Primitive Methodist missionary
Broadbent |
The Geisental Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
References
Jurassic Germany |
Pilanesberg International Airport is an airport serving Sun City in the North West province of South Africa. It is located adjacent to the Pilanesberg National Park.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 05/23 with an asphalt surface measuring .
Communication
The Communication Frequency for Pilanesberg International Airport is 118.40 MHz.
Runway lights can be activated by making 3-7 clicks on 118.40 MHz.
The control tower can be contacted on +27 (0)14 55 22154.
Nearby airports
Lanseria International Airport
Rustenburg Airfield
See also
Pilanesberg
Pilanesberg National Park
Sun City
References
External links
Pilanesberg International Airport at Airports Company South Africa
Private website about Pilanesberg International Airport
Airports in South Africa
Transport in North West (South African province)
Buildings and structures in North West (South African province)
Moses Kotane Local Municipality |
Saguni is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language political comedy film directed by Shankar Dayal and produced by S. R. Prabhu. The film stars Karthi and Pranitha, while Santhanam, Prakash Raj, Kiran Rathod, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Raadhika Sarathkumar and Nassar appear in supporting roles. Dubbed versions of the film were released in Telugu and Hindi as Shakuni (2012) and Rowdy Leader (2016) respectively. The film was declared an average hit.
Plot
The film starts with the IRP party's MLA meeting to select their new CM, where prominent leader and veteran Satyamoorthy is unanimously chosen as CM. He is then escorted to his car, where a party cadre accuses him of sexually harassing her by passing on a promiscuous video in a mobile phone. This leads to Satyamoorthy being heavily shunned by the public and causes the suicide of Satyamoorthy and his entire family. This entire sequence is a political plot planned by the same party's influential minister R. K. Boopathi. Two days earlier, Boopathi had asked Satyamoorthy to leave way for him as he has been waiting twenty years to directly become Chief Minister. Boopathi creates a scene at the funeral and then goes on to win MLA by-election in Satyamoorthy's constituency Karaikudi and becomes the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Meanwhile, Kamalakannan is forcibly taken as passenger by auto driver Rajini Appadurai near Chennai International Airport, seeing Kamal's rich clothing. Rajini assumes that Kamal is rich and drives him around the city to be profited from him. Kamal is actually a farmer and also runs a free-meal service in his village near Karaikudi. He has come to the capital city to meet concerned politicians and plead them to halt a Railways project, by which he could lose his only ancestral property in his village. He is the grandson of a humble person who serves unlimited food to the guests and passersby every day.
Kamal stays in his paternal aunt Dr. Rani's house, and love blossoms between him and her daughter Sridevi. Their love affair is ended when Kamal promises to forever leave Sridevi on Rani's demand, when Sridevi goes on a foreign tour. Kamal meets Boopathi, who once visited their village during the by-election campaign and had promised to do good deeds when required. Kamal learns that Boopathi is the one behind the project for his mistress, whom he had used to kill Satyamoorthy. Kamal, disillusioned with the system, becomes a shrewd political analyst and campaigner and makes moneylender Ramani the Mayor of Chennai by helping in her campaigns. He later gets the contact of Perumal, who is the leader of the opposition political party. Meanwhile, he joins Perumal's party and makes him win the election, making him the CM of Tamil Nadu. Boopathi is finally arrested for being the reason behind for Sathyamoorthy's suicide with his family. Kamal, at last, saves his property with his intelligence and unites with Sridevi.
Cast
Production
The film was first revealed in early April 2011, when it was reported that Karthi was considering a "social satire" script written by debutant film maker, Shankar Dayal, to be his next venture after the success of his previous film Siruthai. Karthi confirmed the news and revealed he would feature in a new get-up for the film, although expressing that the script was still in development. Veteran actress Raadhika signed on to play a supporting role in May 2011, whilst Roja signed on to play a doctor in the film and Mumtaj was selected to play a role making her comeback after 3 years. Kannada actress Pranitha who made her debut in Tamil with Udhayan, was confirmed for the lead female role after much speculation that Shriya Saran would form a part of the cast.
Kota Srinivasa Rao and Salim Ghouse were selected to play politicians in the film, while Nassar was roped in to play a godman. However, in a turn of events, it was announced that the makers were unimpressed with Ghouse's performance and replaced him with Prakash Raj. Subsequently, combination scenes shot with Ghouse and Mumtaj, including those which appeared in the original trailer, were removed and reshot with Prakash Raj and Kiran Rathod. Anushka Shetty shot for a cameo role, that of a funny police officer within one day, while Andrea Jeremiah also appeared in a single scene.
The first look of the film was duly released through a series of promotional posters in early 2011, with the makers suggesting a potential release to coincide with Diwali 2011. Some scenes were shot in and around Chennai including the Napier bridge, while the climax was shot in Hyderabad. The songs were choreographed by Bobby Antony, Baba Baskar, Prem Rakshith and Raju; one of which was shot in Poland. There were rumours that the film was based on Neera Radia but makers quickly denied it. The team shot a scene at the famous shopping complex near Ashok Nagar in Chennai. The director and his crew were happy to complete the shoot before the place got uncontrollably crowded.
Release
The distribution rights were bought by Studio Green and Vendhar Movies for . The satellite rights of the film were secured by Sun TV. The film was given a U certificate by the Indian Censor Board without any cuts. It was slated to release in April initially, but failed to meet the deadline and would be released on 22 June eventually. Makers have planned to release the films in more than 1,100 screens across the globe. Andhra will see the film being released in 450 screens. Telugu rights were bought by Bellamkonda Suresh for . The producers have spent more than 120 million for the promotion of the film. The film Shakuni opened in 85 screens in Kerala by Beebah Creations & Sayujyam Cine Release.
Reception
Saguni received mixed to positive reviews upon release. Behindwoods quoted that Saguni was a fairly engaging political game giving main credits to Karthi and Santhanam. The Tamil version was hit and the Telugu version titled Shakuni succeeded at the box office.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack, composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar, consists of five tracks. The track "Manasellam Mazhaiye" was reused from the hit song "Chalisuva Cheluve" also sung by Sonu Nigam and Saindhavi, from the Kannada film Ullasa Utsaha while "Vella Bambaram" was based on the song "Priyathama" from the Telugu film Ullasamga Utsahamga, both of which featured music composed by Prakash Kumar. The audio launch was to be held on 11 May, but postponed to 2 June. The Telugu version released on 5 June. Two songs along with the videos were launched on 25 May, Karthi's birthday. The song "Kandha Kaaravadai" has been downloaded 75,000 times. Other songs like "Manasellam Mazhaiye" and "Vella Bambaram" also topped the charts . Eventually the album became successful among masses.
Review
Rediff wrote that it was "run-of-the-mill and has nothing new to offer". Behindwoods wrote: "The songs have all been composed with the sole intention of entertaining the audience. Save the melody, the rest all play to the gallery all the way. Good 'mass' album".
References
External links
2010s political comedy films
2010s Tamil-language films
2012 directorial debut films
Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar
Films shot in Andhra Pradesh
Indian political comedy films |
The 1950 Monte Carlo Rally was the 20th Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo. It was won by Marcel Becquart.
Entry list
Results
References
External links
Monte Carlo Rally
Monte Carlo Rally
Monte Carlo Rally
Monte Carlo Rally |
Dipteryx odorata (commonly known as "cumaru", "kumaru", or "Brazilian teak") is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. The tree is native to Northern South America and is semi-deciduous. Its seeds are known as tonka beans (sometimes tonkin beans or tonquin beans). They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth, brown interior. They have a strong fragrance similar to sweet woodruff due to their high content of coumarin.
The word tonka is taken from the Galibi (Carib) tongue spoken by natives of French Guiana; it also appears in Tupi, another language of the same region, as the name of the tree. The old genus name, Coumarouna, was formed from another Tupi name for tree, kumarú.
Many anticoagulant prescription drugs, such as warfarin, are based on 4-hydroxycoumarin, a chemical derivative of coumarin initially isolated from this bean. Coumarin, however, does not have anticoagulant properties.
Biology of the tree
The tree grows up to , with a trunk of up to in diameter. The tree bark is smooth and gray, whereas the wood is red. The tree has alternate pinnate leaves with three to six leaflets, leathery, glossy and dark green, and pink flowers. Each developed fruit contains one seed. D. odorata is pollinated by insects. The worst pests are the bats because they eat the pulpy flesh of the fruit. A few known fungi may cause problems: Anthostomella abdita, Diatrype ruficarnis, Macrophoma calvuligera and Myiocopron cubense.
Radio-carbon dating of D. odorata stumps left by a large logging operation near Manaus by Niro Higuchi, Jeffrey Chambers, and Joshua Schimel, showed that it was one of around 100 species which definitely live to over 1,000 years (specifically an age of 1400 years being claimed for this and the unrelated Cariniana macrantha). Until their research, it had been assumed unlikely that any Amazonian tree could live to old age due to the conditions of the rain forest.
Seeds
The tonka seed contains coumarin, a chemical isolate from this plant, which also gave the name to it. The seeds normally contain about 1 to 3% of coumarin, but rarely it can achieve 10%. Coumarin is responsible for the seed's pleasant odor and is used in the perfume industry. Coumarin is bitter to the taste. In large infused doses, it may cause hemorrhages, liver damage, or paralysis of the heart. It is therefore controlled as a food additive by many governments. Like a number of other plants, the tonka bean plant probably produces coumarin as a defense chemical.
Uses
Tonka beans have been used as a source of natural coumarin, and, after its synthesis in the 1940s, artificial coumarin became one of the first artificial flavoring agents as a vanilla substitute. The FDA has considered foods containing tonka beans adulterated since 1954 because coumarin has shown toxicity in extremely high concentrations. Despite the ban on its use in foods, the product has been frequently imported into the United States by gastronomic enthusiasts. There have been calls for removing the restrictions on the use of tonka beans in food in the US similar to the successful deregulations of mangosteens and absinthe in the early 21st century; the regulations are criticized as unreasonable due to the unlikelihood of consuming enough coumarin to cause ill effects and due to the presence of coumarin in unregulated foods. Coumarin is also present in lavender, licorice, strawberries and cherries.
In France, tonka beans are used in cuisine (particularly, in desserts and stews) and in perfumes. The flavor has been described as a complex mix of vanilla, almond, clove, cinnamon, and amaretto. Yves Rocher uses them in their men's perfume Hoggar, for example.
Many anticoagulant prescription drugs, such as warfarin, are based on 4-hydroxycoumarin, a chemical derivative of coumarin initially isolated from this bean. Coumarin, however, does not have anticoagulant properties.
The beans were formerly also spelled "tonquin" and "tonkin", although it has no connection with Tonkin, now part of Vietnam. Tonquin is still used today to flavor some pipe tobaccos, such as Samuel Gawith "1792 Flake."
Cultivation
Today, the main producers of tonka beans are Venezuela and Nigeria. The cumaru tree is a light-demanding calcifuge tree which grows on poor, well-drained soils. The best growth is reached on fertile soils rich in humus. In the native region there is a mean annual temperature of 25 °C and about rainfall per year, with a dry season from June to November. In general, it has a very low plant density, but depending on the agricultural use, the density and the age of the trees diversify. In seed production systems, the plant density is higher and the trees are older than in timber production systems. The tree flowers from March to May, and the fruits ripen from June to July. So, the fresh fruits are picked up in June and July, and fallen pods are harvested from January to March or sometimes earlier. The hard outer shell is removed and the beans are spread out for 2–3 days to dry, after which they can be sold. The major producer is Venezuela, followed by Brazil and Colombia. The most important importing country is the US, where it is used especially in the tobacco industry.
Social aspects
This species is well known locally and generates an important income for rural families, particularly as a buffer in times of hardship. It is used for timber and nontimber products, so it is crucial that the use of this resource occurs in a sustainable way. The yield of beans per tree is about 1.0–3.5 kg per year, but cumaru trees produce a large volume of seeds every four years.
References
Further reading
External links
Spice Pages: Tonka Beans
odorata
Plants described in 1802
Spices
Trees of Guyana
Trees of Brazil
Trees of Peru
Trees of Bolivia
Trees of Suriname
Trees of Venezuela |
Kao Challengers is an action-adventure video game featuring Kao the Kangaroo developed by Tate Interactive and published by Atari Europe. Challengers is an enhanced port of Kao the Kangaroo: Round 2, released a year earlier in Europe.
Plot
Kao Challengers has the same storyline as Kao the Kangaroo: Round 2.
Gameplay
The game contains over 20 levels in 5 worlds which have their own unique environment. There are also some bonus levels included. In the levels there are over 30 enemies with 7 fighting techniques. Enemies all have their own different personalities which can easily be recognised from the way they attack and defend. Kao can do many actions such as flying, throwing boomerangs, cones and other objects, swimming and skating. Cut scenes explain the story as the player progresses through the levels to help and guide them. Vehicles can be driven which include a snowboard, catapult, pelican, water barrel and motor boat. There is also a multiplayer mode where players can use 15 different weapons including bombs, fire flamer and a magneto. A lot of special effects have been put into the game such as motion blur and blending to make it a graphically enjoyable video game.
Reception
The game has received mixed reviews, as GameRankings gave it a score of 56.12%, while Metacritic gave it a score of 57 out of 100.
Sequel
The sequel to this game and Round 2 was titled Kao the Kangaroo: Mystery of the Volcano, and was released for the PC in 2006 exclusively in some non-English countries, serving as the character's swan song until 2022, when the series was rebooted.
References
External links
Atari UK - Kao Challengers
2005 video games
Action-adventure games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
3D platform games
PlayStation Portable games
PlayStation Portable-only games
Kao the Kangaroo
Video games about kangaroos and wallabies
Video games about pirates
Video games about revenge
Video games set in Australia
Australian outback
Video games set in jungles
Video games developed in Poland |
Mortal Wound ( lit. Trenched Gash from Shakespeare's Macbeth) is a 2021 Iranian neo-noir mystery drama and family series written and directed by Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian based on the 2017 Mahmoud Hosseini Zad novella Twenty Trenched Gashes, which is also based on William Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Macbeth. The series includes 15 episodes, the first of which was released on Filimo on 4 June 2021. The second season titled "Return" will begin airing on September 8, 2023.
The series is the most-watched home video series in Iran. mortal wound imdb:7.5/10.0
Plot
Maleki is one of the managers of a successful company run by Rizabadi. Rizabadi instructs him to negotiate a major oil deal with the Norwegians. After signing the contract, the Norwegians want to transfer the contract amount, which is several million dollars to the company's account.
Cast
Reception
Critical response
The series received critical acclaim for its screenplay, direction, and acting performances. It also recorded the highest average rating of 99% for a drama on filimo with its first three episodes.
Jagkari received mostly positive reviews from critics. With an average of 20 million minutes of viewing, this series is the most watched series of the home television network, and in the 21st edition of the Hafez Festival, it was nominated for seven and won four awards, including the award for the best TV series and the award for the best actress in a drama for Azadivar. On September 17, 1402, the second season of this series will be aired on the Filmo platform under the title "The Return of Wounds".
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2021 Iranian television series debuts
Television shows based on Macbeth |
Federal Highway 135D is a toll highway connecting Cuacnopalan, Puebla to Oaxaca City and bypassing Tehuacán, Puebla. The road is operated by Caminos y Puentes Federales, which charges a toll of 200 pesos per car to travel Highway 135D.
Route description
Highway 135D begins at an interchange with Highway 150D at Cuacnopalan, proceeding southward as the primary bypass of Tehuacán. Travelers can enter the city via interchanges with Highways 150 and 125. Past Tehuacán, there are few towns on the road, with the primary highlights being access to Asunción Nochixtlán, Oaxaca, and the toll road's end northwest of Oaxaca City.
References
Mexican Federal Highways |
Considered one of the world’s leading authorities in Latin music,Leila Cobo is a Colombian journalist, writer, novelist, pianist and television show host. She is noted for her coverage of Latin music for Billboard where she is currently the Chief Content Officer for Latin Music and Español, overseeing the brand's coverage and development of Latin music across all its platforms. These include billboard.com and billboardespanol.com, which Cobo launched, podcasts and video. Cobo also programs the annual Billboard Latin Music Week, widely regarded as the premiere gathering for the Latin industry, where she has hosted guests like Shakira, Romeo Santos, Peso Pluma and Carlos Santana.
Cobo was the first U.S. based journalist and writer to prominently cover Latin music daily and has been instrumental in transforming its coverage and perception in the U.S.
A Fulbright Scholar with degrees in music and communications, Cobo is often sourced by outlets like The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Guardian, and speaks frequently at conferences and universities around the world. She also an acclaimed author and novelist who has published five books, including two novels and most recently, a history of Latin music, "Decoding Despacito," which was selected as a New York Times Summer Read pick.
Prior to Billboard, she was the pop music critic for the Miami Herald and a reporter for the Los Angeles Times. Also known for her lifestyle writing, Cobo also served as director of content for Nexos, American Airlines' Spanish and Portuguese in-flight magazine.
As an author, Cobo has published two novels ("Tell Me Something True" and "The Second Time We Met," both on Grand Central Books/Hatchette). Her most recent book, "Decoding Despacito: An Oral History of Latin Music" (Penguin), published in English and Spanish, has been widely acclaimed as an essential guide to the history of Latin music. She also published a musical biography on the late Jenni Rivera, also in English and Spanish ("La Increible Historia de Una Mariposa Guerrera" (n Penguin) and a book on the Latin music industry ("Apunta a las estrellas,") also on Penguin. She also collaborated with Puerto Rican star Ednita Nazario in her memoir "Una Vida," which was published in 2017 by Penguin.
On television, Cobo was the host of Estudio Billboard for five seasons. She currently hosts "In Tune with Leila Cobo," an in-depth interview show with leading Latin artists that is seen on Reach TV in all U.S. airports.
Personal life and music career
Cobo was born in Cali, Colombia and is of Lebanese descent. She earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from Bogota's Javeriana University. She got her second degree in piano performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York City and concertized extensively. Cobo had an active career as a classical pianist in her home country, performing as a soloist with Colombia's Symphony Orchestra (Orquesta Sinfonica de Colombia), Orquesta Sinfonica de Antioquia in Medellin and Orquesta Sinfonica del Valle in Cali, among others. She was also featured multiple times in Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango's concert series, performing as a soloist and in chamber groups. Cobo's last performance as a soloist was performing Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 3 with Orquesta Sinfonica del Valle. Although she would later perform sporadically, she dedicated herself to her communications career, obtaining a Fulbright Scholarship and getting a degree in Communication management from the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California.
Career at Billboard
Cobo serves Chief Content Officer for Latin and Español for Billboard in charge of overseeing the brand's Latin music coverage and programming. In her position, she is in charge of programming Billboard's yearly Latin Music Conference & Awards, one of the Latin Music Industry's biggest events, and hosts its "Q&A's" with Latin music's stars. Cobo also helped launch billboardenespanol.com, the brand's Spanish-language site and has been instrumental in expanding Billboard's coverage of Latin music which now includes an extensive digital component as well as videos and podcasts. As an expert in Latin music, she has been a panelist in numerous conferences, including BAFIM in Buenos Aires, Vina del Mar in Chile, LAMC, Bogota Music Market, among many others.
Cobo has also written liner notes for major album releases, including for artists such as Shakira, Chayanne, Ricky Martin and Julio Iglesias.
The writer
Cobo published her first novel - Tell Me Something True on Grand Central Publishing (a division of Hachette Book Group) in 2009. It received generally favorable reviews and Cobo was named a "New Voice" by Ingram Literary Magazine and her novel was named one of the Top 10 Hispanic books of the year by the Society of Latino and Hispanic Writers of San Antonio The novel achieved critical and commercial success. Tell Me Something True has since been released in 2 other languages, Italian and German.
Cobo's second novel titled, "The Second Time We Met," was released Feb. 29, 2012, also on Grand Central, receiving favorable reviews from AP and Reuter's among others. The book was nominated for a Latino Book Award in Best Popular Fiction.
Cobo's third book is a biography of the recently deceased Jenni Rivera. Titled "Jenni Rivera - La Increible Vida de una Mariposa Guerrera", the book was released March 20, 2013 on CA Press/Penguin and was the top-selling Spanish language book in the U.S.—following the Bible—for 10 weeks. It was the top-selling Spanish language biography in the U.S. for five straight weeks, according to Nielsen BookScan. The book was released in its English-language version April 23. On April 16, 2014, Cobo will release "Apunta a Las Estrellas" (Aim For the Stars), an inspirational guide for people seeking a career in music.
In 2017, Cobo collaborated with Puerto Rican singer Ednita Nazario in her widely acclaimed memoir, "Una Vida."
Cobo's latest book is "Decoding Despacito: An Oral History of Latin Music" (Penguin), which was published in Spanish and English and also released as an audio book.
Cobo is also an author of the Billboard Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music, and her work was featured in the book of essays "Quinceañera."
Television
Cobo hosted and produced six seasons of the show "Estudio Billboard", which aired on Fox Life and V-Me. The show featured reviews and interviews with Latin music artists. Cobo currently hosts "In Tune With Leila Cobo," an interview show featuring top Latin acts which airs on Reach TV on airport screens around the world. She is also a frequent guest interviewer on the Telemundo network.
Other work
Cobo's highly regarded interviews with Latin artists can be seen on Billboard.com and on Billboard's YouTube channel as well as on Reach TV. She has also been a part of the Los Angeles Times staff, as well as the pop music critic for the Miami Herald. Simultaneous with her work in Billboard, for six years she was also the content director of Nexos, the Spanish/Portuguese in-flight magazine of American Airlines.
She also contributes frequently to other publications like Latina Magazine, AARP and more, and has written liner notes for albums by numerous Latin stars, including Ricky Martin, Shakira(Credits of Shakira album), Julio Iglesias and Selena .
Awards and honors
Cobo is a recipient of the prestigious Fulbright Scholarship, which allowed her to obtain her master's degree from the University of Southern California's Annenberg School of Communication.
She has been decorated with multiple awards, including 2017's Leading Latin Lady, given by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences; the TJ Martell Trailblazer Award given in 2019; and the LAMC's 2020 “Wonder Women of Latin Music” award.
In March, 2014, Cobo was named Woman of the Year by Latino Show Magazine in New York. She's also been named one of 12 South Florida Hispanic Women of Distinction (2012) and in 2008 she was recognized as one of the Most Influential People in Latin music by magazines like Gatopardo, and Revista Fuchsia. That same year, Ocean Drive Magazine, named her one of its "Power Brokers". In 2007, she was the recipient of the Nielsen President's Award for Excellence and the journalistic excellence award from Premios Orquidea, which is given to Colombians with an outstanding career abroad. She was presented with the Leading Ladies of Entertainment accolade by the Latin Recording Academy in 2017.
References
External links
Life Magazine
Leila Cobo Official Site
Living people
Colombian women writers
Colombian journalists
Colombian women journalists
Colombian magazine editors
Colombian television personalities
Colombian musicians
People from Cali
USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni
Women magazine editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Colombian people of Lebanese descent |
A nail file is a tool used to gently grind down and shape the edges of nails. They are often used in manicures and pedicures after the nail has been trimmed using appropriate nail clippers. Nail files may either be emery boards, ceramic, glass, crystal, plain metal files or metal files coated with corundum.
A nail drill is a powered rotary tool, which is used by a nail technician to file nails.
Materials
Emery board
Emery boards are small, flat, long objects that have emery or emery paper glued to them, making them both abrasive and flexible, used for fingernail and toenail care. They are used by manicurists to shape and smooth the nail during manicure and pedicure sessions. Emery boards are inexpensive and disposable, making them a sanitary alternative to metal nail files. The emery board was first patented by J. Parker Pray of New York in 1883.
Emery boards are generally less abrasive than metal nail files, and hence, emery boards may take longer to file down nails than metal nail files. Emery boards are usually less expensive than metal nail files and so can be economically disposed of after use on a single person.
The nail can be smoothed and shaped accurately by taking light, even strokes in one direction across the top of the nail. Twenty to thirty easy strokes can typically shorten excessively long fingernails, while five to ten strokes are sufficient for shaping the nails.
Guitar players have also been known to use emery boards to smooth out calluses which may snag the strings of their guitars.
Emery pitches
Baseball pitchers and cricket bowlers have been known to use emery boards to scuff the outside of the ball. The roughness can offer more grip and hand control. Surface scratches also alter the ball's aerodynamics making it more susceptible to spin and movement when in flight. However, the deliberate manipulation of the ball using an emery board is classified as cheating in baseball and cricket.
In a 1987 Major League Baseball incident, Joe Niekro of the Minnesota Twins was caught with an emery board in his pocket and suspended for ten games. He claimed it was for filing his nails.
Glass
Glass nail files are more recently available. Since glass nail files have a smoother and more even surface, they do not splinter the nail like emery boards or metal nail files. This makes them a preferred instrument by manicurists, although they are sometimes difficult to find in stores. Glass nail files come in very different qualities, some of them solid glass, others merely glass covered with an abrasive surface.
History
Although the modern nail file only appeared at the end of the 19th century, evidence of nail file-like tools exist even further back in history. Marie Antoinette was known for her fondness with the lime à ongles, which was a nail file-like tool made of pumice stone. When her perfectly shaped nails were seen, it became the latest female trend in the French Court of Versailles. The pumice stone was carved into a pencil-like shape, which was used to trim and shape the edges of the nail.
See also
Nail buffing
References
Nail care
Toiletry |
The Paramount Theatre Building is a historic movie palace and theater and now church, located at 145 North County Road and Sunrise Avenue, Palm Beach, Florida.
History
It was designed in the Moorish Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival styles by Joseph Urban in 1926. Urban also designed the nearby Mar-a-Lago and the Palm Beach Bath and Tennis Club.
By contrast to the Ziegfeld Theatre (1927), which Urban designed to bathe the audience in warmth and a general atmosphere of colorful gaiety, the Paramount Theatre employs simple lines and a cool, leisured palette of silver and green. "The theatre," Urban explained, "is not an escape from the life around, but a part of it, fitting into the rhythm of the community. The architecture of the Paramount Theatre … is accordingly simple, spacious, Southern."
On December 12, 1973, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Church
The Paramount Theatre Building now houses the Paramount Church, a non-denominational Christian church in Palm Beach. The Senior Pastor and Founder of Paramount Church is Rev. Dwight Stevens. The church sold the building in March 2021 to Woerners.
References
https://therealdeal.com/miami/2021/03/24/woerners-buy-historic-paramount-theatre-in-palm-beach-for-14m/
External links
Flheritage: Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Flheritage: Paramount Theatre Building
Flheritage: Palm Beach County listings
Official Paramount Church Website
Cinemas and movie theaters in Florida
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Movie palaces
Evangelical churches in Florida
Former cinemas in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Palm Beach County, Florida
Historic American Buildings Survey in Florida
Moorish Revival architecture in Florida
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in Florida
Churches in Palm Beach County, Florida
1926 establishments in Florida
Theatres completed in 1926 |
Sandefjord Peaks () is a set of three conical peaks, the highest 635 m, marking the southwest end of Pomona Plateau at the west end of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. The southernmost of these peaks was named Sandefjord Peak after nearby Sandefjord Bay by DI personnel in 1933. The collective name, Sandefjord Peaks, was recommended by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following a survey of the peaks by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1950. They were first climbed in September 1969 by John Edwards, Martin Pinder, Dave Rinning and Eliot Wright after 11 days man-hauling a sledge across from Signy Island
References
Mountains of the South Orkney Islands |
502 Züm Main is a bus rapid transit route in Brampton, Ontario which leads south into Mississauga, Ontario. The second corridor, which began service on September 6, 2011, runs from Sandalwood Parkway in the city's north end to MiWay's City Centre Transit Terminal near the Square One Shopping Centre in the south. It travels via the Downtown Brampton and Brampton Gateway terminals along Main and Hurontario Streets through Brampton and Mississauga. It covers the route of current route 2, which has frequent rush-hour service. Route 502 extends and replace MiWay's route 102 InterCity Express. It runs every 10 minutes during rush hours and 20 minutes off-peak hours, including weekends. Route 2's rush hour frequency was reduced to 20 minutes to optimize ridership.
A large portion of this route overlaps Mississauga's Hurontario Street corridor. Miway provides frequent local and express services on this corridor south of Steeles Avenue, with the section between Eglinton and Britannia being served with 3-minute frequencies.
Hurontario/Main Street from Lakeshore Road to Queen Street will eventually be converted to a LRT system. The leftover of the eventual Route 502 (north of Brampton GO Station) will remain and possibly extended to Highway 410 in the north. As a preparation, both MiWay Route 103 and Züm Main overlap express service between Shoppers World Brampton and Eglinton Avenue.
The southern portion of this route below Steeles Avenue will eventually be replaced by the planned Hurontario LRT.
Stops
See also
Hurontario LRT
References
Züm bus routes
2011 establishments in Ontario |
"Turner Doomsday Video" is the internal title of a video intended to be broadcast by CNN at the end of the world. The video, created at the direction of CNN founder Ted Turner before the network's 1980 launch, is a performance of the Christian hymn "Nearer My God To Thee" performed by multiple members of the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine bands.
History
The recording was made right after "The Star-Spangled Banner" was recorded for CNN's sign-on (which also appeared in TNT's sign-on from 1988). After they recorded it, Turner asked if they would record a song just in case the world came to an end.
At CNN's launch, Ted Turner declared, "Barring satellite problems, we won't be signing off until the world ends":
The video is in standard definition and the 4:3 aspect ratio in use at the time of its production.
In popular culture
Rumors of the video have existed as early as 1988, when The New Yorker published an article describing it. However, the video did not become available to the public until 2015, when a writer for Jalopnik revealed a copy of the video that he had recorded during a 2009 internship.
In the 1990 comedy film Gremlins 2: The New Batch, the character Daniel Clamp has a similar "end of civilization" video ready to air on his news network. After the leak of the CNN video, director Joe Dante joked, "I think ours was better."
The 1994 British television satirical comedy series The Day Today features such a broadcast in Episode 3, after Queen Elizabeth II and then Prime Minister John Major had a fight. The film consists of a sequence of subtly humorous scenarios (stockbrokers spend "playtime" outside the London Stock Exchange jumping and skipping; a paramedic comforting an injured old woman gives her a brief kiss on the cheek; a man with a cigarette gets the offer of a light from a group of six-year-olds), all set against a backdrop of patriotic British music.
In response to the leak, National Public Radio undertook a search of their archives for similar recordings, and "found" one — or, rather, NPR produced a satirical send-up of such an "end of the world" recording that poked fun at the network's own reputation. An "excerpt" was broadcast on the January 10, 2015 edition of Weekend Edition. The recording is of Robert Siegel (as identified in the transcript, since the speaker in the recording quips, "I'm — well, who cares? I won't be for long.") announcing special coverage of the end of the world (specifically one from an imminent asteroid impact). In the recording, Siegel announces the approach of the asteroid, confidently remarks that NPR would have the best analysis of the impact the day after, and assures listeners that they can still become members of their local public radio station.
See also
Sign-on and sign-off
References
External links
CNN Collection database entry
1980 in American television
1980 works
Apocalypticism
CNN |
Covered: Alive in Asia is a live album by Israel & New Breed. RCA Inspiration released the album on July 24, 2015. Israel & New Breed worked with Chris Baker, Kevin Camp, and Aaron Lindsey, in the production of this album. The album was recorded all over Asia
in early October 2014 in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea during a tour.
Critical reception
Awarding the album five stars from Worship Leader, Jeremy Armstrong states, "Covered is a devotional fine art." Dwayne Lacy, giving the album four and a half stars at New Release Today, writes, "This album has so many highlights, crazy licks,...powerful moments and declarations." Rating the album a six out of ten for Cross Rhythms, Matt McChlery says, "It is just a pity that this recording has missed an opportunity to explore cross-cultural worship in a new way."
Awards and accolades
This album was No. 2, on the Worship Leader's Top 20 Albums of 2015 list. At the 58th Annual Grammy Awards, it received the award for Best Gospel Album.
Track listing
Charts
References
2015 live albums
Grammy Award for Best Gospel Album
Israel Houghton albums |
Naples is a town in Buffalo County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 697 at the 2020 census.
Geography
Naples occupies the northeast corner of Buffalo County, with Eau Claire County to the north and Trempealeau County to the east. The city of Mondovi lies along part of the town's western border.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.52%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 584 people, 221 households, and 161 families residing in the town. The population density was 16.4 people per square mile (6.3/km2). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 6.5 per square mile (2.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.14% White, 0.51% Native American, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.
There were 221 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $41,484, and the median income for a family was $45,000. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $21,458 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,318. About 3.6% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
Towns in Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin |
Heihachirō (written: 平八郎) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
, Japanese photographer
, Japanese samurai
, Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names |
Elena Roca Moro (born 1 July 1976) is a Spanish rugby union player. She was a member of the Spain women's national rugby union team.
Career
She competed at the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup, 2012 end-of-year women's rugby union tests, and 2013 Women's European Qualification Tournament.
She played centre position (12 or 13) with Universidad Coruña club.
She is coach with Coruña Rugby Club .
References
External links
prende a cociñar na Coruña con Elena Roca. 22-06-2021
1976 births
Spanish rugby union players
Living people |
The Alde Gott Winzer eG (eG stands for registered cooperative society) was founded in Sasbachwalden (Germany) in 1948 and is part of the wine-growing region Baden. Today, there are 380 producers who cultivate 263 hectare of vines. Günter Lehmann runs the Alde Gott Winery eG as the general manager while cellarer Michael Huber is responsible for the winemaking.
Wines
With around 62% the grape variety Blue Pinot Noir is cultivated on the majority of the vine area. Next comes the Riesling with 14%, the Müller-Thurgau with 12% and the Pinot gris with 8% of the grape variety proportion. Moreover, the Gewürztraminer, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Dorsa and Cabernet Sauvignon are cultivated as well. The total annual production amounts, with 75 litres of wine per are, to around 1.8 million litres of wine. All of the wine grapes are cultivated on the Alde Gott wine cultivation area (“Alde Gott Großlage”). The soil consists of weathered granitic and sand rocks.
History
"The old God is still alive!" This redemptive cry of a man when he saw another survivor at the end of the Thirty Years' War gave this wine region its name. Today a stony wayside shrine, entwined with vine branches, between Sasbachwalden and the neighbouring town Obersasbach remembers this event. However, in this area viniculture was already practised in the past. Documentary evidence marks the year 1601 as the date of granting the right to grow wine in this area.
Awards
The magazine "Der Feinschmecker" (lit. the gourmet) repeatedly chose the "Alde Gott Winery eG" into the circle of Germany's best vineyards.
The "Gault Millau Wine Guide 2011" selected the "Alde Gott Winery eG" as one of the recommended firms in the cultivation area Baden.
The Baden Association of Viniculture honored three wines with a gold medal in the category "spring and summer wines".
The "Riesling late vintage dry" of 2009 was awarded second place by the State Ministry of Baden-Wuerttemberg at the "Artvinum"-Wineawards.
Three wines were honored with gold and six with silver at the AWC Vienna 2010 (Austrian Wine Challenge).
The German Agricultural Society wine guide 2011 chose the "Alde Gott Winery eG" again into the Top 100 of viniculture enterprises in Germany.
External links
Homepage of the Alde Gott Winzer eG
References
Baden
Wine retailers
Wineries of Germany |
The following is a list of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players who formed part of the circuit during its twelve years of existence.
See also
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players (A–C)
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players (D–G)
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players (H–L)
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players (S–Z)
M
* Maguire also played under her married name of Dorothy Chapman.
N
1 Nesbitt also played under her married name of Mary Wisham.
2 Nicol also played under her married name of Helen Fox.
O
P
* Pérez also played under her married name of Migdalia Jinright.
R
* Ruhnke also played under her married name of Irene Sanvitas.
References
M |
Áns saga bogsveigis, the saga of Án the bow-bender, is one of the legendary sagas called the Hrafnistumannasögur surrounding the relatives of Ketil Trout. It concerns a feud between An the Bow-bender and Ingjald, king of Namdalen.
It was probably written in the 14th century.
References
"The Saga of Án Bow-Bender" (transl. Shaun Hughes, in Thomas H. Ohlgren, ed. Medieval Outlaws: Twelve Tales in Modern English. West Lafayette, Indiana: Parlor Press, 2005.)
The Saga of Aun the Bow-Bender (transl. Willard Larson. Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1995.)
"The Saga of An Bow-Bender", in The Hrafnista Sagas (transl. Ben Waggoner. The Troth. 2009)
External links
The saga in Old Norse at Snerpa
The saga in Old Norse at Northvegr
The saga in Old Norse at Northvegr
The saga in Old Norse at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad»
The saga in Old Norse at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad»
The saga in translation
14th-century literature
Legendary sagas |
Williamstown High School may refer to:
Williamstown High School (Kentucky) — Williamstown, Kentucky
Williamstown High School (New Jersey) — Williamstown, New Jersey
Williamstown High School (Pennsylvania) — Williamstown, Pennsylvania
Williamstown High School (West Virginia) — Williamstown, West Virginia
Williamstown High School (Victoria) — Williamstown, Victoria, Australia
Altmar-Parish-Williamstown High School — Parish, New York
See also:
Williamston High School |
Psychological abuse, often called emotional abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
It is often associated with situations of power imbalance in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, and abuse in the workplace. It also may be perpetrated by persons conducting torture, other violence, acute or prolonged human rights abuse, particularly without legal redress such as detention without trial, false accusations, false convictions, and extreme defamation such as where perpetrated by state and media.
General definition
Clinicians and researchers have offered different definitions of psychological abuse. According to current research the terms "psychological abuse" and "emotional abuse" can be used interchangeably, unless associated with psychological violence. More specifically, "emotional abuse is any kind of abuse that is emotional rather than physical in nature. It can include anything from verbal abuse and constant criticism to more subtle tactics such as intimidation, manipulation, and refusal to ever be pleased. This abuse occurs when someone uses words or actions to try and control the other person, to keep someone afraid or isolated, or try to break someone's self-esteem.
Emotional abuse can take several forms. Three general patterns of abusive behavior include aggressing, denying, and minimizing; "Withholding is another form of denying. Withholding includes refusing to listen, refusing to communicate, and emotionally withdrawing as punishment." Even though there is no established definition for emotional abuse, emotional abuse can possess a definition beyond verbal and psychological abuse.
Blaming, shaming, and name calling are a few verbally abusive behaviors which can affect a victim emotionally. The victim's self-worth and emotional well-being are altered and even diminished by the verbal abuse, resulting in an emotionally-abused victim.
The victim may experience severe psychological effects. This would involve the tactics of brainwashing, which can fall under psychological abuse as well, but emotional abuse consists of the manipulation of the victim's emotions. The victim may feel their emotions are being affected by the abuser to such an extent that the victim may no longer recognize their own feelings regarding the issues the abuser is trying to control. The result is the victim's self-concept and independence are systematically taken away.
The U.S. Department of Justice defines emotionally abusive traits as causing fear by: intimidation, threatening physical harm to self, partner, children, or partner's family or friends, destruction of pets and property, forcing isolation from family, friends, or school or work. More subtle emotionally abusive behaviors include insults, putdowns, arbitrary and unpredictable behavior, and gaslighting (e.g. the denial that previous abusive incidents occurred). Modern technology has led to new forms of abuse, by text messaging and online cyber-bullying.
In 1996, Health Canada argued that emotional abuse is "based on power and control", and defines emotional abuse as including rejecting, degrading, terrorizing, isolating, corrupting/exploiting and "denying emotional responsiveness" as characteristic of emotional abuse.
Several studies have argued that an isolated incident of verbal aggression, dominant conduct or jealous behaviors does not constitute the term "psychological abuse". Rather, it is defined by a pattern of such behaviors, unlike physical and sexual maltreatment where only one incident is necessary to label it as abuse. Tomison and Tucci write, "emotional abuse is characterized by a climate or pattern of behavior(s) occurring over time ... Thus, 'sustained' and 'repetitive' are the crucial components of any definition of emotional abuse." Andrew Vachss, an author, attorney, and former sex crimes investigator, defines emotional abuse as "the systematic diminishment of another. It may be intentional or subconscious (or both), but it is always a course of conduct, not a single event."
Prevalence
Intimate relationships
When discussing the different types of psychological abuse in terms of domestically violent relationships, it is important to recognize the 4 different types; Denigrating Damage to Partner's Self-Image or Esteem, Passive Aggressive Withholding of Emotional Support, Threatening Behavior, and Restricting Personal Territory and Freedom:
Denigrating Damage refers to an individual using verbal aggression like yelling towards their partner that is delivered as profane and derogatory.
Passive Aggressive Withholding of Emotional Support refers to an individual intentionally avoiding and withdrawing themselves from their partner in an attempt to be neglectful and emotionally abandoning.
Threatening Behavior refers to an individual making verbal threats towards their partner that could imply eliciting physical harm, threats of divorce, lying, and threats of reckless behavior that could put their safety at risk.
Restricting Personal Territory and Freedom refers to the isolation of social support from family and friends. This could include taking away partner's autonomy and having a lack of personal boundaries.
It has been reported that at least 80% of women who have entered the criminal justice system due to partner violence have also experienced psychological abuse from their partner. This partner violence is also known as domestic abuse.
Domestic abuse—defined as chronic mistreatment in marriage, families, dating, and other intimate relationships—can include emotionally abusive behavior. Although psychological abuse does not always lead to physical abuse, physical abuse in domestic relationships is nearly always preceded and accompanied by psychological abuse. Murphy and O'Leary reported that psychological aggression is the most reliable predictor of later physical aggression.
A 2012 review by Capaldi et al., which evaluated risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV), noted that psychological abuse has been shown to be both associated with and common in IPV. High levels of verbal aggression and relationship conflict, "practically akin to psychological aggression", strongly predicted IPV; male jealousy in particular was associated with female injuries from IPV.
Attempts to define and describe violence and abuse in hetero-normative intimate relationships can become contentious as different studies present different conclusions about whether men or women are the primary instigators. For instance, a 2005 study by Hamel reports that "men and women physically and emotionally abuse each other at equal rates." Basile found that psychological aggression was effectively bidirectional in cases where heterosexual and homosexual couples went to court for domestic disturbances.
A 2007 study of Spanish college students aged 18–27 found that psychological aggression (as measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale) is so pervasive in dating relationships that it can be regarded as a normalized element of dating, and that women are substantially more likely to exhibit psychological aggression. Similar findings have been reported in other studies. Strauss et al. found that female intimate partners in heterosexual relationships were more likely than males to use psychological aggression, including threats to hit or throw an object.
A study of young adults by Giordano et al. found that females in intimate heterosexual relationships were more likely than males to threaten to use a knife or gun against their partner. While studies allege that women use violence in intimate relationships as often or more often than men, women's violence is typically self-defensive rather than aggressive.
In 1996, the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, for Health Canada, reported that 39% of married women or common-law wives suffered emotional abuse by husbands/partners; and a 1995 survey of women 15 and over 36–43% reported emotional abuse during childhood or adolescence, and 39% experienced emotional abuse in marriage/dating; this report does not address boys or men suffering emotional abuse from families or intimate partners. A BBC radio documentary on domestic abuse, including emotional maltreatment, reports that 20% of men and 30% of women have been abused by a spouse or other intimate partner.
Child emotional abuse
Psychological abuse of a child is commonly defined as a pattern of behavior by parents or caregivers that can seriously interfere with a child's cognitive, emotional, psychological, or social development. According to the DSM-5, Child Psychological Abuse is defined as verbal or symbolic acts given by parent or caregiver which can result in significant psychological harm. Examples are yelling, comparing to others, name-calling, blaming, gaslighting, manipulating, and normalizing abuse due to the status of being underage.
Some parents may emotionally and psychologically harm their children because of stress, poor parenting skills, social isolation, and lack of available resources or inappropriate expectations of their children. Straus and Field report that psychological aggression is a pervasive trait of American families: "verbal attacks on children, like physical attacks, are so prevalent as to be just about universal." A 2008 study by English, et al. found that fathers and mothers were equally likely to be verbally aggressive towards their children.
Elder emotional abuse
Choi and Mayer performed a study on elder abuse (causing harm or distress to an older person), with results showing that 10.5% of the participants were victims of "emotional/psychological abuse", which was most often perpetrated by a son or other relative of the victim. Of 1288 cases in 2002–2004, 1201 individuals, 42 couples, and 45 groups were found to have been abused. Of these, 70% were female. Psychological abuse (59%) and material/financial abuse (42%) were the most frequently identified types of abuse. One study found that the overall prevalence rate of abused elderly in Hong Kong was 21.4%. Out of this percentage, 20.8% reported being verbally abused.
Workplace
Rates of reported emotional abuse in the workplace vary, with studies showing 10%, 24%, and 36% of respondents indicating persistent and substantial emotional abuse from coworkers.
Keashly and Jagatic found that males and females commit "emotionally abusive behaviors" in the workplace at roughly similar rates. In a web-based survey, Namie found that women were more likely to engage in workplace bullying, such as name calling, and that the average length of abuse was 16.5 months.
Pai and Lee found that the incidence of workplace violence typically occurs more often in younger workers. "Younger age may be a reflection of lack of job experience, resulting in [an inability] to identify or prevent potentially abusive situations... Another finding showed that lower education is a risk factor for violence." This study also reports that 51.4% of the workers surveyed have already experienced verbal abuse, and 29.8% of them have encountered workplace bullying and mobbing.
Characteristics of abusers
In their review of data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (a longitudinal birth cohort study) Moffitt et al. report that while men exhibit more aggression overall, sex is not a reliable predictor of interpersonal aggression, including psychological aggression.
The DARVO study found that no matter what gender a person is, aggressive people share a cluster of traits, including high rates of suspicion and jealousy; sudden and drastic mood swings; poor self-control; and higher than average rates of approval of violence and aggression. Moffitt et al. also argue that antisocial men exhibit two distinct types of interpersonal aggression (one against strangers, the other against intimate female partners), while antisocial women are rarely aggressive against anyone other than intimate male partners or their own children.
Abusers may aim to avoid household chores or exercise total control of family finances. Abusers can be very manipulative, often recruiting friends, law officers and court officials, and even the victim's family to their side, while shifting blame to the victim. A victim may internalize the abuse and may form future relationships with abusers.
Effects
Abuse of intimate partners
Most victims of psychological abuse within intimate relationships often experience changes to their psyche and actions. This varies throughout the various types and lengths of emotional abuse. Long-term emotional abuse has long term debilitating effects on a person's sense of self and integrity. Often, research shows that emotional abuse is a precursor to physical abuse when three particular forms of emotional abuse are present in the relationship: threats, restriction of the abused party and damage to the victim's property.
Psychological abuse is often not recognized by survivors of domestic violence as abuse. A study of college students by Goldsmith and Freyd report that many who have experienced emotional abuse do not characterize the mistreatment as abusive. Additionally, Goldsmith and Freyd show that these people also tend to exhibit higher than average rates of alexithymia (difficulty identifying and processing their own emotions). This is often the case when referring to victims of abuse within intimate relationships, as non-recognition of the actions as abuse may be a coping or defense mechanism in order to either seek to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict.
Marital or relationship dissatisfaction can be caused by psychological abuse or aggression. In a 2007 study, Laurent et al. report that psychological aggression in young couples is associated with decreased satisfaction for both partners: "psychological aggression may serve as an impediment to couples' development because it reflects less mature coercive tactics and an inability to balance self/other needs effectively." In a 2008 study on relationship dissatisfaction in adolescents Walsh and Shulman explain, "The more psychologically aggressive females were, the less satisfied were both partners. The unique importance of males' behavior was found in the form of withdrawal, a less mature conflict negotiation strategy. Males' withdrawal during joint discussions predicted increased satisfaction."
There are many different responses to psychological abuse. Jacobson et al. found that women report markedly higher rates of fear during marital conflicts. However, a rejoinder argued that Jacobson's results were invalid due to men and women's drastically differing interpretations of questionnaires. Coker et al. found that the effects of mental abuse were similar whether the victim was male or female. A 1998 study of male college students by Simonelli & Ingram found that men who were emotionally abused by their female partners exhibited higher rates of chronic depression than the general population. Pimlott-Kubiak and Cortina found that severity and duration of abuse were the only accurate predictors of after effects of abuse; sex of perpetrator or victim were not reliable predictors.
Abuse of children
The effects of psychological abuse on children can involve a variety of mental health concerns such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, personality disorders, low self-esteem, aggression, anxiety, and emotional unresponsiveness. These effects can be exemplified by the constant criticism, regular living with threats, or being rejected, that can be exemplified by withholding love and support as well as not having any guidance from the guardians of the children.
English et al. report that children specifically whose families are characterized by interpersonal violence, including psychological aggression and verbal aggression, may exhibit these disorders. Additionally, English et al. report that the impact of emotional abuse "did not differ significantly" from that of physical abuse. Johnson et al. report that, in a survey of female patients, 24% suffered emotional abuse, and that this group experienced higher rates of gynecological problems. In their study of men emotionally abused by a wife/partner or parent, Hines and Malley-Morrison report that victims exhibit high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and drug addiction, including alcoholism.
Glaser reports, "An infant who is severely deprived of basic emotional nurturance, even though physically well cared for, can fail to thrive and can eventually die. Babies with less severe emotional deprivation can grow into anxious and insecure children who are slow to develop and who have low self-esteem." Glaser also informs that the abuse impacts the child in a number of ways, especially on their behavior, including: "insecurity, poor self-esteem, destructive behavior, angry acts (such as fire setting and animal cruelty), withdrawal, poor development of basic skills, alcohol or drug abuse, suicide, difficulty forming relationships and unstable job histories."
Oberlander et al. performed a study which discovered that among the youth, those with a history of maltreatment showed that emotional distress is a predictor of early initiation of sexual intercourse. Oberlander et al. state, "A childhood history of maltreatment, including... psychological abuse, and neglect, has been identified as a risk factor for early initiation of sexual intercourse ... In families where child maltreatment had occurred, children were more likely to experience heightened emotional distress and subsequently to engage in sexual intercourse by age 14. It is possible that maltreated youth feel disconnected from families that did not protect them and subsequently seek sexual relationships to gain support, seek companionship, or enhance their standing with peers." It is apparent that psychological abuse sustained during childhood is a predictor of the onset of sexual conduct occurring earlier in life, as opposed to later.
Abuse in the workplace
Psychological abuse has been found present within the workplace as evidenced by previous research. Namie's study of workplace emotional abuse found that 31% of women and 21% of men who reported workplace emotional abuse exhibited three key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (hypervigilance, intrusive imagery, and avoidance behaviors). The most common psychological, professional, financial, and social effects of sexual harassment and retaliation are as follows:
Psychological stress and health impairment, loss of motivation.
Decreased work or school performance as a result of stressful conditions; increased absenteeism in fear of harassment repetition.
Having to drop courses, change academic plans, or leave school (loss of tuition) in fear of harassment repetition or as a result of stress.
Being objectified and humiliated by scrutiny and gossip.
Loss of trust in environments similar to where the harassment occurred.
Loss of trust in the types of people that occupy similar positions as the harasser or their colleagues, especially in cases where they are not supportive, difficulties or stress on peer relationships, or relationships with colleagues.
Effects on sexual life and relationships: can put extreme stress upon relationships with significant others, sometimes resulting in divorce.
Weakening of support network, or being ostracized from professional or academic circles (friends, colleagues, or family may distance themselves from the victim, or shun him or her altogether).
Depression, anxiety or panic attacks.
Sleeplessness or nightmares, difficulty concentrating, headaches, fatigue.
Eating disorders (weight loss or gain), alcoholism, and feeling powerless or out of control.
Abuse of the elderly
Elderly who have suffered psychological abuse have been found to experience similar outcomes as other population groups such as depression, anxiety, feelings of isolation and neglect, and powerlessness. One study examined 355 Chinese elderly participants (60 and older) and found that 75% of reported abusers were grown-up children of the elderly. Within this study, these individuals suffered outcomes from the abuse, specifically verbal abuse which contributed to their psychological distress.
Prevention
In intimate relationships
Recognition of abuse is the first step to prevention. It is often difficult for abuse victims to acknowledge their situation and to seek help. For those who do seek help, research has shown that people who participate in an intimate partner violence prevention program report less psychological aggression toward their targets of psychological abuse, and reported victimization from psychological abuse decreased over time for the treatment group.
There are non-profit organizations that provide support and prevention services.
In the family
Child abuse in the sole form of emotional/psychological maltreatment is often the most difficult to identify and prevent, as government organizations, such as Child Protective Services in the US, is often the only method of intervention, and the institute "must have demonstrable evidence that harm to a child has been done before they can intervene. And, since emotional abuse doesn't result in physical evidence such as bruising or malnutrition, it can be very hard to diagnose." Some researchers have, however, begun to develop methods to diagnose and treat such abuse, including the ability to: identify risk factors, provide resources to victims and their families, and ask appropriate questions to help identify the abuse.
In the workplace
The majority of companies within the United States provide access to a human resources department, in which to report cases of psychological/emotional abuse. Also, many managers are required to participate in conflict management programs, in order to ensure the workplace maintains an "open and respectful atmosphere, with tolerance for diversity and where the existence of interpersonal frustration and friction is accepted but also properly managed." Organizations must adopt zero-tolerance policies for professional verbal abuse. Education and coaching are needed to help employees to improve their skills when responding to professional-to-professional verbal abuse.
Popular perceptions
Several studies found double standards in how people tend to view emotional abuse by men versus emotional abuse by women. Follingstad et al. found that, when rating hypothetical vignettes of psychological abuse in marriages, professional psychologists tend to rate male abuse of females as more serious than identical scenarios describing female abuse of males: "the stereotypical association between physical aggression and males appears to extend to an association of psychological abuse and males".
Similarly, Sorenson and Taylor randomly surveyed a group of Los Angeles, California residents for their opinions of hypothetical vignettes of abuse in heterosexual relationships. Their study found that abuse committed by women, including emotional and psychological abuse such as controlling or humiliating behavior, was typically viewed as less serious or detrimental than identical abuse committed by men. Additionally, Sorenson and Taylor found that respondents had a broader range of opinions about female perpetrators, representing a lack of clearly defined mores when compared to responses about male perpetrators.
When considering the emotional state of psychological abusers, psychologists have focused on aggression as a contributing factor. While it is typical for people to consider males to be the more aggressive of the two sexes, researchers have studied female aggression to help understand psychological abuse patterns in situations involving female abusers. According to Walsh and Shluman, "The higher rates of female initiated aggression [including psychological aggression] may result, in part, from adolescents' attitudes about the unacceptability of male aggression and the relatively less negative attitudes toward female aggression". This concept that females are raised with fewer restrictions on aggressive behaviors (possibly due to the anxiety over aggression being focused on males) is a possible explanation for women who utilize aggression when being mentally abusive.
Some researchers have become interested in discovering exactly why women are usually not considered to be abusive. Hamel's 2007 study found that a "prevailing patriarchal conception of intimate partner violence" led to a systematic reluctance to study women who psychologically and physically abuse their male partners. These findings state that existing cultural norms show males as more dominant and are therefore more likely to begin abusing their significant partners.
Dutton found that men who are emotionally or physically abused often encounter victim blaming that erroneously presumes the man either provoked or deserved the mistreatment by their female partners. Similarly, domestic violence victims will often blame their own behavior, rather than the violent actions of the abuser. Victims may try continually to alter their behavior and circumstances in order to please their abuser. Often, this results in further dependence of the individual on their abuser, as they may often change certain aspects of their lives that limit their resources. A 2002 study concluded that emotional abusers frequently aim to exercise total control of different aspects of family life. This behavior is only supported when the victim of the abuse aims to please their abuser.
Many abusers are able to control their victims in a manipulative manner, utilizing methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the abuser, rather than to force them to do something they do not wish to do. Simon argues that because aggression in abusive relationships can be carried out subtly and covertly through various manipulation and control tactics, victims often do not perceive the true nature of the relationship until conditions worsen considerably.
Cultural causes
A researcher in 1988 said that wife abuse stems from "normal psychological and behavioral patterns of most men ... feminists seek to understand why men, in general, use physical force against their partners and what functions this serves for a society in a given historical context". Dobash and Dobash (1979) said that "Men who assault their wives are actually living up to cultural prescriptions that are cherished in Western society--aggressiveness, male dominance and female subordination--and they are using physical force as a means to enforce that dominance," while Walker claims that men exhibit a "socialized androcentric need for power".
While some women are aggressive and dominating to male partners, a 2003 report concluded that the majority of abuse in heterosexual partnerships, at about 80% in the US, is perpetrated by men. (Critics stress that this Department of Justice study examines crime figures, and does not specifically address domestic abuse figures. While the categories of crime and domestic abuse may cross-over, many instances of domestic abuse are either not regarded as crimes or reported to police—critics thus argue that it is inaccurate to regard the DOJ study as a comprehensive statement on domestic abuse.) A 2002 study reports that ten percent of violence in the UK, overall, is by females against males. However, more recent data specifically regarding domestic abuse (including emotional abuse) report that 3 in 10 women, and 1 in 5 men, have experienced domestic abuse.
One source said that legal systems have in the past endorsed these traditions of male domination, and it is only in recent years that abusers have begun to be punished for their behavior. In 1879, a Harvard University law scholar wrote, "The cases in the American courts are uniform against the right of the husband to use any chastisement, moderate or otherwise, toward the wife, for any purpose."
While recognizing that researchers have done valuable work and highlighted neglected topics critics suggest that the male cultural domination hypothesis for abuse is untenable as a generalized explanation for numerous reasons:
A 1989 study concluded that many variables (racial, ethnic, cultural and subcultural, nationality, religion, family dynamics, and mental illness) make it very difficult or impossible to define male and female roles in any meaningful way that apply to the entire population.
A 1995 study concluded that disagreements about power-sharing in relationships are more strongly associated with abuse than are imbalances of power.
Peer-reviewed studies have produced inconsistent results when directly examining patriarchal beliefs and wife abuse. Yllo and Straus (1990) said that "low status" women in the United States suffered higher rates of spousal abuse; however, a rejoinder argued that Yllo and Straus's interpretive conclusions were "confusing and contradictory". Smith (1990) estimated that patriarchal beliefs were a causative factor for only 20% of wife abuse. Campbell (1993) writes that "there is not a simple linear correlation between female status and rates of wife assault." Other studies had similar findings. Additionally, a 1994 study of Hispanic Americans revealed that traditionalist men exhibited lower rates of abuse towards women.
Studies from the 1980s showed that treatment programs based on the patriarchal privilege model are flawed due to a weak connection between abusiveness and one's cultural or social attitudes.
A 1992 study challenge the concept that male abuse or control of women is culturally sanctioned, and concluded that abusive men are widely viewed as unsuitable partners for dating or marriage. A 1988 study concluded that a minority of abusive men qualify as pervasively misogynistic. A 1986 study concluded that the majority of men who commit spousal abuse agree that their behavior was inappropriate. A 1970 study concluded that a minority of men approve of spousal abuse under even limited circumstances. Studies from the 1970 and 1980s concluded that the majority of men are non-abusive towards girlfriends or wives for the duration of relationships, contrary to predictions that aggression or abuse towards women is an innate element of masculine culture.
In 1994, a researcher said that the numerous studies establishing that heterosexual and gay male relationships have lower rates of abuse than lesbian relationships, and the fact that women who have been involved with both men and women were more likely to have been abused by a woman "are difficult to explain in terms of male domination." Additionally, Dutton said that "patriarchy must interact with psychological variables in order to account for the great variation in power-violence data. It is suggested that some forms of psychopathology lead to some men adopting patriarchal ideology to justify and rationalize their own pathology."
A 2010 study said that fundamentalist views of religions tend to reinforce emotional abuse, and that "Gender inequity is usually translated into a power imbalance with women being more vulnerable. This vulnerability is more precarious in traditional patriarchal societies."
In the Book of Genesis God specifically punishes women after Adam and Eve disobey Him: "in sorrow, thou shalt bring forth children: and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee"; God also condemns Adam to a lifetime of work, for the sin of listening to his wife.
Some studies say that fundamentalist religious prohibitions against divorce may make it more difficult for religious men or women to leave an abusive marriage. A 1985 survey of Protestant clergy in the United States by Jim M Alsdurf found that 21% of them agreed that "no amount of abuse would justify a woman's leaving her husband, ever", and 26% agreed with the statement that "a wife should submit to her husband and trust that God would honor her action by either stopping the abuse or giving her the strength to endure it." A 2016 report by the Muslim Women's Network UK cited several barriers for Muslim women in abusive marriages who seek divorce through Sharia Council services. These barriers include: selectively quoting religious text to discourage divorce; blaming the woman for the failed marriage; placing greater weight on the husband's testimony; requiring the woman to present two male witnesses; and pressuring women into mediation or reconciliation rather than granting a divorce, even when domestic violence is present.
See also
References
External links
Harassment and bullying |
Mark Craig Bailey is an Australian politician currently serving as the Minister for Transport and Main Roads of Queensland. He has also served as the Labor member for Miller (formerly Yeerongpilly) in the Queensland Legislative Assembly since 2015.
Early life
Bailey was a high school teacher in history and drama and has worked in transport, gambling, liquor and racing policy for the Queensland state government.
Political career
Bailey was elected to Brisbane City Council in 1994, representing the ward of Moorooka during the Soorley Administration until his resignation in 2003.
Member of Parliament
At the 2015 election he won the seat of Yeerongpilly from the LNP with a 14.7% swing, making it a safe Labor seat.
He was sworn in as Minister for Main Roads, Road Safety and Ports and Minister for Energy and Water Supply in the Palaszczuk Ministry on 16 February 2015. On 8 December 2015, Biofuels was added to his portfolio.
Ahead of the 2017 election Yeerongpilly was abolished and replaced with the new marginal seat of Miller, which he won with a 2.6% swing.
After the election, he was appointed as Minister for Transport and Main Roads, taking over from Jackie Trad
In July 2017, Bailey stood aside from his ministerial responsibilities following an investigation by the Crime and Corruption Commission into his use of a personal email account to conduct parliamentary business, and his subsequent attempts to delete emails possibly relating to his role as a member of parliament. The commission concluded that Bailey had not engaged in any corrupt conduct and declined to pursue charges against him. He resumed his ministerial duties in September 2017.
At the 2020 election he increased his margin to 13.8%, making Miller a safe Labor seat for the first time.
Personal life
In September 2018, Bailey and fellow MP Meaghan Scanlon confirmed that they had been in a relationship since 2016.
See also
First Palaszczuk Ministry
Second Palaszczuk Ministry
Third Palaszczuk Ministry
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
Labor Left politicians
Queensland local councillors
Australian schoolteachers
21st-century Australian politicians |
Francesco Zanella (1637 – 1717) was an Italian painter, active in Padua and painting in a Baroque style.
Biography
He was born in Padua, and he putatively trained under Luca Ferrari in Padua. He was prolific, mainly painted sacred subjects in a late-Baroque style. Luigi Lanzi describes him as spirited, but not diligent or well studied, known as the Giordano of this city (Padua) due to the great number of paintings completed in a short time. His son Domenico was a mediocre painter.
He painted an altarpiece depicting the Encounter of St Anne and John the Baptist for the church of the Eremitani, Padua. He painted a Madonna with Saints Peter, Jerome, and other for the Paduan church of Santa Sofia. He also painted altarpieces for churches in Noale; the Sanctuary of the Madonna del Trestole (Saints Antony and Joseph); and for San Canziano in Padova (Immaculate Conception at the right of the altar).
References
1637 births
1717 deaths
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
18th-century Italian painters
Painters from Padua
Italian Baroque painters
18th-century Italian male artists |
Christ's Church, Ürümqi () is a Protestant church located in Tianshan District of Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China.
History
In February 1945, Li Kaihuan (), a member of the OMF International, and his wife Zhai Mingxia (), a member of the Baptists, went to Xinjiang to preach. On August 26, Li held a general meeting of all believers and began preparations for the establishment of the church in Xinjiang. The Church Building Committee was built in March 1946 and began to raise funds for the construction of the church. Zhang Zhizhong, the then Governor of Xinjiang, also donated money.
Li died in 1959 and was buried in Dongshan Ecological Park. His wife continued religious activities. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution broke out, religious activities were forced to stop and the church was used as an electronic research station. After the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the policy of religious freedom was implemented. The church was returned to the church in 1985. A new church with a total area of was carried out in October 1994 and was completed before Christmas in 1995.
References
Churches in Xinjiang
Tourist attractions in Xinjiang
1945 establishments in China
Protestant churches in China
Churches completed in 1945
Buildings and structures in Ürümqi |
"Surrender to Me" is a 1988 single and power ballad performed by Ann Wilson (lead singer of Heart) and Robin Zander (lead singer of Cheap Trick). The song was written by Ross Vannelli and Richard Marx and was featured on the soundtrack to the 1988 film Tequila Sunrise starring Mel Gibson, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kurt Russell. It peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1989.
Critical reception
Upon its release, Cash Box described "Surrender to Me" as a "dynamic ballad" which features a "natural pairing of two outstanding singers and two outstanding writers". The reviewer praised Zander as "one of the most underrated rock singers" and noted his "clarity of tone and a passion that is equalled by very few". Billboard noted that the "rock ballad" features "passionate performances" from Wilson and Zander. Pan-European magazine Music & Media felt it was a "typical rock ballad" and "more suitable for the American market".
Charts
Year-end charts
References
1988 songs
1988 singles
Rock ballads
Male–female vocal duets
Songs written by Richard Marx
Songs written for films
Capitol Records singles |
Ushant Airport () , is an airport serving the French island of Ushant. It is located in the commune of Lampaul within the département of Finistère.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Ushant Airport:
Statistics
References
External links
Airports in Brittany
Ushant |
N. Chandrasegharan (born 2 January 1955) is an Indian politician from Tamilnadu. N Chandrasegharan belongs to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. He was elected as the Member of Parliament in 2019. Chandrasegharan belongs to the Arundathiyar community that is defined as Scheduled Casts (SC) in India.
References
1955 births
Living people
Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians |
The Prima Categoria is a level of football in Italy. It is the seventh level (since 2014–15) in the Italian football league system and is organized by the National Amateur League by the Regional Committees. Each individual league winner within the Prima Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Promozione level. Depending on each league's local rules, a number of teams each year are relegated from each league, to the eighth level of Italian football, the Seconda Categoria.
This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a regional level.
From 1898–1922, the highest league in Italy was named the Prima Categoria, the predecessor to the later Prima Divisione and current Serie A. That Prima Categoria has no relation to the one of today, which was founded in 1959.
History
Originally, the Prima Categoria was the equivalent of the Serie A, until 1922 this was in fact the official name of the Italian top division. As today, it was run by the Regional Committees so it did not have a predefined structure. A variable number of teams (generally 16 or 18) progressed to the national phase run by the FIGC itself. When this amateur system did not match the interests of the growing richest clubs of the Northern industrialized part of the country, they left the FIGC to create their private super league, the Northern League, the ancestor of actual Lega Serie A. After a year of talks, the clubs agreed to come back to the FIGC and the Prima Categoria was abolished and divided in two separate leagues, the Prima Divisione for the greatest teams and the Seconda Divisione for the others.
Features
Established recently in 1959, is organized by regional committees of the FIGC, and therefore does not have a predefined structure. The number of rounds in which the league is at the regional level varies, as does the number of teams participating in each league, today www.datasport.it seconds (source) teams in the first category are 1686.
Promotion
The promoted teams go in and promotion are the winners of their group. Varies from region to region, there is a mechanism that allows the playoffs to winning teams to be included in a list that would result (in case of vacancies) in Promozione.
Relegation
The reduction relegated to the Seconda Categoria.
Prima Categoria by region
Prima Categoria Abruzzo - 5 Divisions
Prima Categoria Basilicata - 2 Divisions
Prima Categoria Calabria - 4 Divisions
Prima Categoria Campania - 7 Divisions
Prima Categoria Emilia–Romagna - 8 Divisions
Prima Categoria Friuli – Venezia Giulia - 3 Divisions
Prima Categoria Lazio - 9 Divisions
Prima Categoria Liguria - 4 Divisions
Prima Categoria Lombardia - 12 Divisions
Prima Categoria Marche - 4 Divisions
Prima Categoria Molise - 3 Divisions
Prima Categoria Piemonte and Aosta Valley - 8 Divisions
Prima Categoria Puglia - 3 Divisions
Prima Categoria Sardegna - 5 Divisions
Prima Categoria Sicilia - 21 Divisions
Prima Categoria Toscana - 6 Divisions
Prima Categoria Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol - 3 Divisions
Prima Categoria Umbria - 3 Divisions
Prima Categoria Veneto - 8 Divisions
See also
Italian football league system
Italian Football Championship
Prima Divisione
References
Carlo F. Chiesa, La grande storia del calcio italiano, Guerin Sportivo, 2012-
8
1959 establishments in Italy
Sports leagues established in 1959 |
John Hartman (born April 13, 1950) is a Canadian painter and printmaker based in Ontario.
Career
John Hartman, born in Midland, Ontario, was raised on the southern and eastern shores of Georgian Bay. In the process of obtaining a degree at McMaster University in Hamilton which he finished in 1973, he took courses in fine art from instructor George Wallace who was enthusiastic about German Expressionism. He also was friendly with David Blackwood, then an art instructor, whom he had met when he attended Camp Hurontario, a boys’ camp. The poet Douglas LePan was also a friend and mentor.
Work
Hartman has said that the artists who inspired him include figures from art history such as J. M. W. Turner, Albrecht Altdorfer, Chaïm Soutine, Oskar Kokoschka and in Canada, David Milne and the Group of Seven, among others. In his art, he has favored an aerial view of the land, even renting planes to see the impact humans have made on landscape – their histories and memories. He sees cities as living organisms, combined with their geography so his narrative is a complex mixture. In 2007, he said:
One of the things which astonished me was realizing the ways in which my Western civilization tended to regard itself as separate from the land, when it would have been much healthier to have conceived of the world as the Aboriginals do – as a huge and constantly changing organism and ourselves as part of it.
Hartman's work has been discussed by critics along with that of David T. Alexander and others. He has been called an artist who, in the "true tradition of Canadian painters, is not afraid of visiting the far-flung edges of this country, pursuing subjects, painting them in his edgy style".
His works are in the collections of many public galleries such as the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg; Museum London, Ontario; the Robert McLaughlin Gallery, Oshawa; the Winnipeg Art Gallery; and elsewhere.
Selected exhibitions
Although Hartman has a lengthy exhibition history beginning with a solo exhibition at Trinity College, University of Toronto, in 1972, and with many shows nationally and internationally, largely in the 1980s, it took Painting the Bay: Recent Work by John Hartman at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in 1993, large-scale paintings of Georgian Bay, aerial views of thickly-painted landscape, to bring him to critical attention. In the skies of this series, Hartman painted stories about the places he depicted to achieve his concept of the land as being more than mere landscape.
Hartman continued to receive national exposure with the exhibition and book Big North: The Paintings of John Hartman, a major exhibition of Hartman`s works, organized by Museum London and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery which toured Canada between 1999 and 2002. In 2003, he began to paint aerial views of cities as living organisms. These paintings made up the exhibition and book Cities curated by Stuart Reid which toured Canada and internationally from 2007 to 2009. In 2014, the Woodstock Art Gallery organized John Hartman: Many Lives Mark This Place with a book by Ian M. Thom, an exhibition of a series of 30 portraits of Canadian authors and the places that were important to them. The show travelled to the McMichael Canadian Art Gallery and elsewhere.
Honours and awards
He is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy. In 2020, he received the Order of Canada. The John Hartman Award from the MacLaren Art Centre in Barrie, ON was established in 2016. In 2018, Olivia Whetung received the award.
Personal life
John Hartman lives and has his studio in Lafontaine, Ontario.
Record sale prices
At Waddington`s Canadian Fine Art Auction, November 13–18, 2021, Hartman`s Manitou Dock, 1993, a diptych, 182.9 x 304.8 cms, illustrated in John Hartman and Jean Blodgett, Painting the Bay: Recent Work by John Hartman (McMichael Canadian Art Collection:
Kleinburg, Ontario, 1993) on page 25, estimated at $10,000-15,000, realized a price of $40,800.
References
Bibliography
1950 births
Living people
Landscape artists
20th-century Canadian painters
21st-century Canadian painters
Canadian landscape painters
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian painters |
Abuyog (IPA: [ʔɐ'bujog]), officially the Municipality of Abuyog (; ; ), is a first class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,216 people.
Facing Leyte Gulf out into the Philippine Sea, it is the largest town of the island of Leyte in terms of land area. It is bordered to the north by Javier, to the west by Mahaplag and Baybay and to the south by Silago in Southern Leyte.
Etymology
Abuyog got its name when Spanish bread sailors came ashore in an early settlement at the mouth of the Abuyog River to replenish their supplies. Swarms of bees were all over the shore. The Spaniards asked the natives "¿Cómo se llama el pueblo?", not knowing that the Spaniards asked for the town's name, the natives answered "Buyog". Repeating after the natives, the sailors muttered, "Ah! Buyog". Eventually the town came to be known as "Abuyog" to which some Spanish chroniclers often used in reference to the whole island of Leyte. But Abuyog in the early annals, though grown prosperous, remained obscure because of the absence of a powerful chieftain. It was Datu Bangcao, who had his seat of government in Carigara, who ruled Abuyog.
History
In 1588, presumably on account of mal-administration of the incumbent encomendero, the inhabitants revolted. Capitan Juan Esguerra had to send a punitive force to chastise the assassins of the encomendero. In 1613, Sanguiles and Caragas plundered and marauded the town.
In 1655 the Jesuits made Abuyog their second post, with Dagami as the center. The year 1716 saw the founding of the town and parish under the patronage of St. Francis Xavier, the apostle of the Indies. The Augustinians took over in 1768 and continued the work of Frs. Jose Herrera and Cipriano Barbasan. The people of this era, according to Fr. Augustin Maria de Castro, were very rich though extremely belligerent; the continually defied the Moros. In 1843 the town was given to the Franciscan Order with Fr. Santiago Malonda as the first Franciscan parish priest. A horse path was opened between Abuyog and Dulag in 1851.
The early captains were Galza, Foran, Nicolas Mandia, Faustino Remanes, Prudencio Remanes, Felipe Costin, Ciriaco Costin, Eulalio Brillo, and Vicente Tiaoson. Eulalio Brillo became president in 1896-1899 while Nazario Tupa took office in 1900. Eugenio Villote finished Tupa's term.
The period 1901 to 1906 was notable for the notorious pulahanes or bolero attacks, the most infamous leader of which was Faustino Ablen. The municipal building was razed. Ex-Capitan Eugenio Villote, Pedro Gonazaga, and two other policemen were killed in the encounter.
In the electoral division made by the Philippine Assembly, Abuyog was placed in the third district of Leyte. During the Commonwealth regime, Abuyog was transferred to the fourth district. During these periods, the town prospered under the administration of Arturo Brillo, Vicente Brillante, Basilio Adolfo (two terms), Antero Brillo and Ricardo Collantes (three terms). In 1940, Pedro Gallego was elected mayor and served until July 3, 1946, Mayor Pedro Remanes Gallego was the only mayor of Leyte province who did not surrender to the Japanese forces. On July 4, 1946, Catalino Landia was appointed mayor. He was re-elected for three terms.
Abuyog's progress took greater strides with the inauguration of the first passenger bus service in 1925. In 1936, the vice-president Sergio Osmeña inaugurated the Baybay-Abuyog road, thus linking for the first time, by good road, the eastern and western coasts of Leyte.
At the outbreak of World War II, Abuyog became a Japanese occupied area. Pedro Gallego retreated to the mountains to administratively led the guerrilla resistance while encouraging his people to continue working on agricultural lands. His wife, Ignacia Regis Gallego, organised the non-combatant Auxiliary Forces to fed guerrillas fighting the Japanese
On October 13, 1942, the Japanese abandoned the town due to guerrilla pressure. They came back on November 26, 1943, much stronger this time, yet they suffered heavy losses in the hands of the guerrillas.
On July 14, 1944, when the submarine "Nautilus" landed in Barangay San Roque, Mayor Gallego provided the logistics (manpower, bamboo rafts, transport, lookouts) to Colonel Ruperto Kangleon (the head of Leyte Resistance Movement) to unload 72 tons of automatic weapons (Thompson submachine guns and other rapid fires like carbine and M1 Garand guns), ammunition, food and propaganda materials for Leyte and Samar guerrillas.
Kangleon tipped the naval officers of Nautilus on the locations of Japanese fortifications in Leyte province, which MacArthur bombed during the Battle of Leyte Gulf on October 23–26 that year, the last but largest naval battle of WWII.
The local guerrillas of Abuyog, with headquarters in Barangay Kikilo under the command of Mayor Gallego, used the automatic weapons to repeatedly ambush the Japanese forces. When the American Armada under General Douglas MacArthur was sighted off Leyte Gulf, the weakened Japanese forces were forced to desert Abuyog, even before the landing of Allied Forces, which included the Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary military units.
After liberation, elementary school education was resumed on December 4, 1944, under the supervision of the Philippine Civil Affairs Unit (PCAU).
In 1946, the new Quirino administration of the opposing political party appointed a liberal mayor (Catalino Landia, the guerilla Captain who rescued Colonel Kangleon after he was captured by the Japanese).
Geography
Daughter towns
Javier used to be Barangay Bugho, MacArthur used to be Barangay Taraguna and Mahaplag used to be Barangay Mahaplag.
Barangays
Abuyog is politically subdivided into 63 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Alangilan
Anibongon
Buaya
Bagacay
Bahay
Balinsasayao
Balocawe
Balocawehay
Barayong
Bayabas
Bito (Poblacion)
Buenavista
Bulak
Buntay (Poblacion)
Bunga
Burubud-an
Cagbolo
Can-aporong
Canmarating
Can-uguib (Poblacion)
Capilian
Cadac-an
Combis
Dingle
Guintagbucan (Poblacion)
Hampipila
Katipunan
Kikilo
Laray
Lawa-an
Libertad
Loyonsawang (Poblacion)
Mahagna (New Cagbolo)
Mag-atubang
Mahayahay
Maitum
Malaguicay
Matagnao
Nalibunan (Poblacion)
Nibga
Odiongan
Pagsang-an
Paguite
Parasanon
Picas Sur
Pilar
Pinamanagan
Salvasion
San Francisco
San Isidro
San Roque
Santa Fe (Poblacion)
Santa Lucia
Santo Niño (Poblacion)
Tabigue
Tadoc
New Taligue
Old Taligue
Tib-o
Tinalian
Tinocolan
Tuy-a
Victory (Poblacion)
Climate
Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Abuyog, Leyte, was 61,216 people, with a density of .
Economy
People mostly from Samar migrated to Abuyog because of the many opportunities the immigrants got from its rich soil. The language of this town which acquired the name "melting pot" became Waray-Waray language from the Samar immigrants.
Tourism
The Church of St. Francis Xavier was first built with nipa, wood and bamboo in 1718 by the Jesuits. Fr. José Herrera and Cipriano Barbasan restored the church and convent, as well as, the school and Casa Real. The Augustinians took over the church's supervision in 1768 after it was rebuilt. The church's design was changed in 1781 to conform with the architecture of Roman Renaissance. A more durable church and convent of masonry was later built, with a galvanized iron roof and wooden floor. In 1965, the church was renovated when an extension was built at the center of the church through the effort of Msgr. Luis D. Caintic who also facilitated in the construction of the new bell tower.
Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park, along the Mahaplag-Baybay Rd., is a 364-hectare campsite located between Abuyog and Baybay. It offers a wide panorama of primeval forests, rolling hills with many attractive picnic spots, caves and a view of Mt. Lobi.
The 7-m. high, 10-tiered Malaguicay Falls, in Barangay Malaguicay, has a 3-m. deep pool. From Tab-ok Port, take a 20-min. motorized boat ride to Barangay Malaguicay along the Higasaan River and then a 20-min. hike to the waterfalls.
Caves are found in Brgys. Balocawehay (along the highway) and Nebga (Higasaan).
Tib-o Islet and Undersea Water Cave, in Barangay Tib-o, Abuyog, Leyte, is a unique destination for divers and swimmers to experience and explore the beauty of the cave located within the Leyte Gulf area. Using the islet as a diving board or as a stop-over to view the beauty of Leyte Gulf. There is a coarsely formed rock formation at the side of the cave.
Waterfalls are located in Brgys. Malaguicay, Balinsasayao, Katipunan and Nebga.
The 0.5-hectare Cagbolo Hot Spring (Barangay Cagbolo)
Danghol Hill (Barangay San Isidro)
Layog River (BarangayBalinsasayao) is a stream and the estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 4 meters. There are variant forms of spelling for Layog River or in other languages.
Lake Bito The main source of Leyte Metropolitan Water Service, it covers almost all municipalities in Leyte
Cold Spring (Castanas Spring Resort) along the Maharlika Highway, Barangay Balinsasayao
Abuyog Lighthouse is facing the sea and another attraction in the municipality which serves as a beacon for ships and for the fishermen to prevent them from getting lost at sea during nighttime. Legend says that during the night when a fierce typhoon struck Abuyog, the patron saint St. Francis Xavier was seen here waving his crucifix in order to spare the town from the wrath of the typhoon.
Healthcare
Abuyog District Hospital
Abuyog Rural Health Unit
Balocawehay Rural Health Unit
Education
Abuyog Community College
Secondary
Abuyog Academy
Abuyog National High School
Balocawehay National High School
Kikilo National High School
Canmarating National High School
Hampipila National High School
Libertad National High School
Visayas Christian Institute of Technology
Notre Dame of Abuyog
Primary
Abuyog South Central School
B.V. Closa Central School
Bahay Primary School
Balinsasayao Elementary School
Balocawe Elementary School
Balocawehay Elementary School
Barayong Elementary School
Bayabas Elementary School
Buenavista Elementary School
Bunga Elementary School
Canmarating Elementary School
Can-aporong Elementary School
Gabaldon Central School
Hampipila Elementary School
Picas Primary School
Salvacion Elementary School
San Isidro Elementary School
Santa Fe - Santo Nino Elementary School
Tadoc Primary School
Tabigue Elementary School
Maitum Elementary School
Capili an Elementary School
Odiongan Elementary School
Katipunan Elementary School
References
External links
[ Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
Local Governance Performance Management System
Municipalities of Leyte (province) |
Holliday Clark Grainger (born 27 March 1988), also credited as Holly Grainger, is an English screen and stage actress. Some of her prominent roles are Kate Beckett in the BAFTA award-winning children's series Roger and the Rottentrolls, Lucrezia Borgia in the Showtime series The Borgias, Robin Ellacott in the Strike series, DI Rachel Carey in the Peacock/BBC One crime drama The Capture and Estella in Mike Newell's adaptation of Great Expectations.
Early life
Grainger was born in Didsbury, Manchester. Her maternal grandfather was Italian. Her first experience of acting was at the age of five when she was scouted for a BBC TV series. She appeared in many TV shows and independent films as a child actor.
Grainger attended Parrs Wood High School from 1999 to 2006, and in 2007 began study for a degree in English literature at the University of Leeds. However, she eventually opted for the Open University.
Career
Grainger's first acting role was at five years old in the BBC comedy drama series All Quiet on the Preston Front. Roles followed in Casualty, Doctors and Dalziel and Pascoe. Grainger played Megan Boothe in Where the Heart Is, Stacey Appleyard in Waterloo Road and Sophia in Merlin.
In 2011, she appeared in the television series The Borgias, playing Lucrezia Borgia with Jeremy Irons in the role of Pope Alexander VI. The series, created by Neil Jordan and shot in Hungary, ran for three seasons.
After her role as Emily in the film The Scouting Book for Boys (2009),The Guardian she played one of the Rivers sisters opposite Mia Wasikowska and Michael Fassbender in Cary Fukunaga's 2011 retelling of Jane Eyre, and had a minor role in Bel Ami alongside Robert Pattinson and Uma Thurman.
In June 2011, she was cast in the leading role of Estella in Mike Newell's film adaptation of Great Expectations, opposite Jeremy Irvine and Helena Bonham Carter. The movie, screened at Toronto International Film Festival 2012, had its European premiere as the closing night film of the BFI London Film Festival. She had a minor role in the 2012 film Anna Karenina as Baroness Shilton.
On stage, in 2013 she played a role in Disassociation, a play by Luke Bailey, at The Lowry in Salford, which received largely positive reviews In the same year, she played Bonnie Parker in the 2013 TV mini-series Bonnie & Clyde. She was one of the female leads in the 2014 film The Riot Club, adapted from the play Posh, alongside Max Irons. In the same year, she appeared on stage in Anton Chekov's play Three Sisters at the Southwark Playhouse.
Grainger played Cinderella's stepsister Anastasia Tremaine in Kenneth Branagh's 2015 film version of Cinderella.
In 2016, Grainger starred in Disney's The Finest Hours.
On 20 June 2016, World Refugee Day, Grainger, as well as Jack O'Connell, featured in a film from the United Nations' refugee agency UNHCR to help raise awareness of the global refugee crisis. The film, titled Home, has a family take a reverse migration into the middle of a war zone. It is inspired by primary accounts of refugees, and is part of UNHCR's #WithRefugees campaign, which also includes a petition to governments to expand asylum to provide further shelter, integrating job opportunities, and education. Home, written and directed by Daniel Mulloy, went on to win a BAFTA Award and a Gold Lion at Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity among many other awards.
In 2017, she appeared in a film adaptation of the novel Tulip Fever alongside Alicia Vikander. From 2017, she plays Robin Ellacott in the TV series Strike (aired in the United States and Canada as C.B. Strike) based on the novels by J. K. Rowling.
Grainger played one of the two lead female roles in the feature film Animals, along with Alia Shawkat. Based on the novel by Emma Jane Unsworth, who also wrote the script, the film was directed by Sophie Hyde and filmed in Dublin.
In 2019, Grainger starred in the BBC conspiracy thriller The Capture.
Personal life
In May 2021, she had twin children with her partner Harry Treadaway, himself a twin (brother of Luke Treadaway).
Filmography
Audio
Film
Television
Theatre
References
External links
1988 births
20th-century English actresses
20th-century British actresses
21st-century English actresses
21st-century British actresses
Actresses from Manchester
Alumni of the Open University
Alumni of the University of Leeds
English child actresses
British child actresses
English film actresses
British film actresses
British people of Italian descent
English radio actresses
British radio actresses
British soap opera actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
British television actresses
English voice actresses
Living people
People educated at Parrs Wood High School
People from Didsbury |
Pinocchio (Original Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2022 Disney film Pinocchio, a live-action remake of Walt Disney's 1940 animated film of the same name, which is itself based on the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, the film is directed by Robert Zemeckis, and starred Tom Hanks, Cynthia Erivo and Luke Evans with Benjamin Evan Ainsworth (as the title character), Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Keegan-Michael Key and Lorraine Bracco in voice roles. The musical score is composed by Alan Silvestri, who regularly collaborated in all of Zemeckis' films. Besides producing the score, Silvestri also wrote new songs for the film, with songwriter-producer Glen Ballard, while the songs from the original counterpart were also featured in the album. Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack album on September 6, 2022.
Background
In December 2020, regular Zemeckis collaborator Alan Silvestri was announced to score for the film. He also wrote the original songs for the film, with songwriter Glen Ballard. Both Ballard and Silvestri, had connected with the original 1940 film as viewers, and being a classic film in the Disney era, they were skeptic on treating the modern adaptation's music, but had faith on Zemeckis' vision and motivation. Ballard had also opined that "The whole Disney model is you use songs to help to tell the story. We had a great director who wanted songs to help to tell the story. It wasn’t really a musical, but a lot of the movies that Disney has made over the years are not really musicals. They are kind of musicals, but they’re not really musicals. So, I feel like that’s what “Pinocchio” is."
Release
On May 31, 2022, the film's teaser which was released, featured part of Cynthia Erivo (as the Blue Fairy) performing her rendition of "When You Wish Upon a Star". On August 31, the official song titles were revealed with four original songs: "When He Was Here with Me" and "Pinocchio, Pinocchio" by Tom Hanks (as Geppetto), "I Will Always Dance" by Kyanne Lamaya (as Fabiana) and "The Coachman to Pleasure Island" by Luke Evans (as the Coachman). Two songs from the 1940 film – "Hi-Diddle-Dee-Dee (An Actor's Life for Me)" by Keegan-Michael Key (as Honest John) and "I've Got No Strings" by Benjamin Evan Ainsworth (as Pinocchio) – were also included. However, four tracks from the original: "Little Wooden Head", "Give a Little Whistle," and the reprises of "Hi-Diddle-Dee-Dee" and "When You Wish Upon a Star" were not featured in the film.
The soundtrack was officially announced by Walt Disney Records on September 6, 2022, and released on the very same day. Apart from the songs, it also contained Silvestri's score occupying the remainder of the album. The album was dubbed and released in 17 languages: Spanish (Castilian), Spanish (Neutral), Italian, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese, Korean, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Dutch, Norwegian, German, Malay, Indonesian, Thai and Hindi.
Track listing
Reception
Irrespective of the film's negative reception, the music received some praise from critics. Jonathan Broxton wrote "the fact that this score is so clearly entrenched in Silvestri’s personal style – almost to the point of predictability – may result in some listeners feeling a little let down by the inevitable sameness of it all. One final issue that may leave some listeners disappointed is the fact that Silvestri chose not to incorporate any of Leigh Harline’s classic Pinocchio themes into his new score; the lack of any crossover between them leaves the song-score split a little disjointed, as if the songs are there merely for lip service and not an integral part of the whole idea" and concluded "It’s too anonymous and self-conscious to become a beloved classic the way the 1940s original did, but Alan Silvestri’s many admirers will still have fun in the moment." James Southall of Movie Wave wrote "The main title track that closes the album will get a place on most people’s Silvestri playlists for sure, but I’m not sure the rest of the score will stick long in the memory. As good as some of the late action is, it doesn’t really make up for the bulk of the album, which might feature a lot of the composer’s trademarks but just doesn’t gel the way his best work does." Filmtracks.com wrote "Pinocchio is a really superb Silvestri score that sounds fantastic, the composer pulling all the right heart strings for his fans. Unfortunately, he doesn't pull all of the right strings on Pinocchio himself, for the soundtrack as a whole isn't a great representation of the concept."
Variety's Andrew Barker wrote "Lyricist Glen Ballard and composer Alan Silvestri have composed several largely middling new songs, although most of the original’s key tunes survive in some form." ACRN's Cody Englander had felt that "Composer Alan Silvestri uses the piano beautifully, although the visuals offer nothing of substance to accompany the song (which is cut short). Every other song feels like an afterthought, slathered in autotune and completely overproduced." Pete Simons of Synchrotones wrote "Alan Silvestri’s Pinocchio narrates virtually every twist and turn of the story, presumably in an effort to propel the movie forward, but sadly it feels too fragmented on album, especially during the first half. The main theme, though charming, is not strong enough to hold everything together. However, there’s no doubt about the craftsmanship on display here; production values are all top notch. When the music finally gets to soar, from track 21 onwards and filling the last twenty-something minutes on the album, it’s a delight." Jack Bottomley of Starburst Magazine called it as a "lovely soundtrack". Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com wrote "The score from veteran composer and longtime Zemeckis collaborator Alan Silvestri swells in all the expected, feel-good ways. It’s all very familiar and cozy."
Chart performance
References
2022 soundtrack albums
2020s film soundtrack albums
Walt Disney Records soundtracks
Disney film soundtracks
Alan Silvestri soundtracks
Pinocchio (1940 film) |
Barrier () is a Polish drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski, released in 1966. The hero quits his studies, resolving to seek social advancement by any means. A new girlfriend changes his mind.
Details
Title : Barrier
Original title: Bariera
Director: Jerzy Skolimowski
Writer: Jerzy Skolimowski
Country of origin: Poland
Format : Black and white- Mono – 35 mm
Genre : Drama
Length: 77 minutes
Release date: 1966
Cast
Joanna Szczerbic : Tram conductor
Jan Nowicki : Protagonist
Tadeusz Łomnicki : Doctor
Maria Malicka : Businesswoman
Zdzisław Maklakiewicz : Paper seller
Ryszard Pietruski : Oberwaiter
Bogdan Baer : Man at bar
Henryk Bąk : Doctor
Stefan Friedmann : Tram conductor asking for help
Andrzej Herder : Manius
Malgorzata Lorentowicz : Owner of the apartment
Zygmunt Malanowicz : Eddy
Janusz Gajos : Streetcar
Marian Kociniak : Streetcar
External links
References
1966 films
Polish black-and-white films
1966 drama films
Films directed by Jerzy Skolimowski
Films directed by Henning Carlsen
Films scored by Krzysztof Komeda
Films with screenplays by Jerzy Skolimowski
Polish drama films
1960s Polish-language films |
Neil Campbell FRSE FRSC OBE (29 August 1903 – 24 July 1996) was a Scottish chemist and amateur athlete. He served as Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh from 1972 to 1975. He was associated with the University of Edinburgh for 74 years of his life.
Life
He was born in Edinburgh on 29 August 1903 into a family of Edinburgh actuaries, and his early education was at George Watson’s College before studying chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated with a BSc in 1926, continuing his studies with a PhD, on 'Optical activity of electrolytes' graduating in 1930. After a brief period studying at University of Tübingen in south-west Germany 1930/1, he returned to the University of Edinburgh as a lecturer in chemistry from the summer of 1931. He became a Senior Lecturer in 1952 and a professor in 1967.
He was a keen amateur runner and supporter of school athletics. At University he ran with Eric Liddell. He served as Chairman of the Edinburgh Union of Boys Clubs. In 1962 he was elected President of the Watsonian Club (former pupils of George Watsons College). He was a rugby referee (refereeing more than 600 matches), an official timekeeper at the 1958 Empire Games, and also on the Committee which set up the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1950, his proposers including Sir Edmund Hirst and Thomas Bolam. After many years of high level service became its vice president in 1972. In 1983 he was awarded their Bicentenary Medal.
Campbell also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1975.
In 1976 he was elected President of Edinburgh University’s Graduate Association.
He died, a few days after the death of his wife, on 24 July 1996 in Kinghorn in Fife.
Memorials
The Neil Campbell Quaich is awarded to the best overall student sportsman or woman at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh.
Family
He was married to Marjorie Stewart (d.1996), a Scottish hockey international. They had two sons.
Publications
Campbell spoke fluent German and translated several German textbooks into English. He is also noted for:
Qualitative Organic Chemistry (1939)
editor to Schmidt’s Textbook of Organic Chemistry (8th edition) (1947)
contributor to Robb’s Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (1951)
The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-1983 (co-written with Martin Smellie)
References
1903 births
1996 deaths
People educated at George Watson's College
Scottish chemists
Scottish male athletes
Scientists from Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering
Academics of the University of Edinburgh |
The 2016 Monza GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on 3rd and 4th September 2016 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy. It was the ninth round of the 2016 GP2 Series. The race weekend supported the 2016 Italian Grand Prix.
Report
Qualifying
Pierre Gasly took another pole with team-mate Antonio Giovinazzi in a close second to continue the dominant form of the Prema team. However, due to irregularities in the tyre pressures, Giovinazzi was demoted toward the end of the grid, elevating third place Artem Markelov to the front row. The second row would consist of Arthur Pic and Mitch Evans.
Notes
1. – Giovinazzi and Jeffri were excluded from qualifying after being deemed to run illegal tyre pressures during the session.
Feature Race
Antonio Giovinazzi won what was a chaotic race after a mid-race accident shuffled the pack and elevated himself, Raffaele Marciello and Gustav Malja up the pack. On lap 15, an Arthur Pic collided with Sergio Canamasas through the second Lesmo. The pair were racing side-by-side and after barely leaving enough space through the corner, Pic lost control through the corner and counter-steered straight into Canamasas' rear wheel, sending him into a roll. Pic expressed frustration with the incident, although stewards later deemed him to be at fault for the incident - handing him a three-place grid penalty as a consequence. The safety car put Gasly from a comfortable first to fourth and now behind drivers on brand-new tyres. With four laps to go, it was Marciello leading from Giovinazzi and Malja. On the final lap, Giovinazzi benefited from the use of DRS and passed Marciello to take a home victory from Marciello (thereby making it an Italian one-two) and Malja. As well as this, Luca Ghiotto achieved the fastest lap, completing a successful race for the Italians on home soil.
Notes
1. – Eriksson was given a five-second penalty after having been deemed to have forced another driver off the circuit.
2. – Gelael was initially given a ten-second stop-go penalty for failing to slow under double-yellow flags, after setting his fastest sector times under the Safety Car period. After crossing the start/finish line more than twice without serving the penalty, he was disqualified from the race.
Sprint Race
Norman Nato took his first win since the opening race of the championship, beating the Prema Racing pair of Gasly and Giovinazzi with a comfortable margin.
1. – Markelov and Latifi were penalised after it was deemed that neither driver slowed sufficiently for the Virtual Safety Car. They were each given the equivalent of a drive-through-penalty (20 seconds) applied to their race times.
Standings after the round
Drivers' Championship standings
Teams' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
See also
2016 Italian Grand Prix
2016 Monza GP3 Series round
References
External links
Official website of GP2 Series
GP2
GP2
Monza |
Wongamine is a locality in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
Located approximately 30 km from the nearby town of Goomalling and 19 km from Toodyay along Toodyay Road. The region comes under the jurisdiction of the Shire of Goomalling
Education
The locality had a primary school from 1876 until it shut down in 1945. William Perrin taught at Buckland Primary School from 1871 to 1876 then Wongamine Primary School to 1900. He was one of many ex-convict teachers.
Photo of Wongamine School circa 1895 https://collectionswa.net.au/items/9b5be3a8-1a5c-40c5-ad51-d8460e884ab7
Notable people
Notable people from or who have lived in Wongamine include:
William Perrin, ticket of leave settler, and teacher
Charles Dempster, politician, Western Australian Legislative Council
References
Towns in Western Australia
Wheatbelt (Western Australia) |
Cortegaça may refer to:
Cortegaça, Ovar, a city in Portugal
Cortegaça, Mortágua, a city in Portugal |
Verkhounzha () is a rural locality (a village) in Butylitskoye Rural Settlement, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 187 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
Geography
Verkhounzha is located on the Unzha River, 17 km northwest of Melenki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kopnino is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Melenkovsky District
Melenkovsky Uyezd |
The Paratriathlon at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's PTS5 event at the 2020 Paralympic Games took place at 08:31 on 29 August 2021 at the Odaiba Marine Park.
Results
Key : T = Transition; L = Lap
Source:
References
Paratriathlon at the 2020 Summer Paralympics |
Crown Mountain is a mountain located north of North Vancouver, British Columbia, in the North Shore Mountains (part of the Coast Mountains) and is visible from most of Vancouver and the vicinity. A rock formation known as The Camel sits just east of the main summit, and the mountain has west and north peaks. The mountain lies on the fringes of Lynn Headwaters Regional Park.
Crown has a history of local hiking, rock climbing, and mountaineering activity. Access is usually from the Grouse Mountain ski area. It is considered a very challenging objective. The top requires scrambling with the risk of a deadly fall, and is not recommended for novices. The mountain has been the site of numerous search and rescue operations.
References
External links
"Hiking Crown Mountain". Outdoor Vancouver
Crown
North Shore Mountains
North Vancouver (district municipality) |
National Highway 113 (NH 113) is a National Highway in North East India that connects Hawa Camp and Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh. It is a secondary route of National Highway 13. NH-113 runs entirely in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. Kibithu is located on the last road head of extreme northeast of India.
Route
NH113 connects Hawacamp, Hayuliang, Hawai and Kibithu in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.
Junctions
Terminal near Hawacamp.
See also
List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)
National Highways Development Project
References
External links
NH 113 on OpenStreetMap
National highways in India
National Highways in Arunachal Pradesh |
Life (Is So Strange) is an album by War, was released on RCA Victor Records in 1983. The band's lineup is not stated on the cover, but composer credits suggest they had been reduced from eight members (on the previous album) to five.
The pop art cover references concerns about nuclear war in Los Angeles, the group's home. The Hollywood Sign appears in the upper right corner, and mushroom clouds are reflected in the woman's sunglasses. The back cover depicts office towers (identifiable as New York City buildings) being toppled by a nuclear explosion. Producer Jerry Goldstein also produced the album Nuclear Blues by Blood, Sweat and Tears a few years earlier, which had a cover depicting a post-nuclear urban street scene.
One single from the album was issued: "Life (is So Strange)" backed with "W.W. III".
Track listing
All tracks composed by Jerry Goldstein, Papa Dee Allen, Lonnie Jordan, Howard E. Scott, Lee Oskar and Harold Brown, except where indicated.
Side one
"Life (is So Strange)" – 5:58
"Happiness" – 7:39
"W.W. III (medley)" – 7:53
"The Dawning of Night"
"Waiting at the Church"
"When the Nightime Comes"
Side two
"Shake It Down" (Goldstein, R. J. Ranois) – 4:58
"Summer Dreams" (Oskar) – 5:00
"U-2 (medley)" – 9:47
"U-2 Part 1"
"Automatic Eyes"
"U-2 Part 2"
"U-2 Part 3"
Personnel
No personnel are listed on the cover, but previous War albums usually credit all members as composers, so the following is the likely lineup. Other instruments such as bass and saxophone may have been provided by the members below, or by session musicians.
Papa Dee Allen – percussion, vocals
Harold Brown – drums, percussion, vocals
Lonnie Jordan – organ, piano, synthesizer, percussion, vocals
Lee Oskar – harmonicas, vocals
Howard Scott – guitar, vocals
Technical personnel
Jerry Goldstein and Lonnie Jordon – producers
John Fischback – recording and remix engineer
Chris Huston – recording engineer
Bernie Grundman – mastering engineer
Mike Doud – art direction, design
Lou Beach – illustration
1983 albums
War (American band) albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by Jerry Goldstein (producer) |
Cavalcante is a town located in the northern state of Goiás, Brazil. It used to be a big gold producer during the colonial times, but today Cavalcante is more known by its natural beauties, rivers and waterfalls. It is home to a large number of quilombolas, communities of descendants of African-Brazilians who managed to escape from slavery.
Geography
It is located just north of the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and is connected by tarmacked road with Teresina de Goiás. It is part of the Chapada dos Veadeiros micro-region. The distance to the state capital of Goiânia is 510 km and most residents have greater contact with Brasília than with the state capital. Highway connections from Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / Alexânia / BR-060 / Planaltina / GO-430 / GO-118 / BR-010 / São João da Aliança / Alto Paraíso de Goiás / Teresina de Goiás / GO-241.
Neighboring municipalities and states are:
north: Tocantins
south: Alto Paraíso de Goiás
west: Colinas do Sul and Minaçu
east: Teresina de Goiás
History
The first settlers arrived in the region in 1736 looking for gold. Soon gold was discovered near the stream called Lava Pés and the village began to grow taking the name of Cavalcante, after Julião Cavalcante its founder. By 1806 the gold had run out and the population declined accordingly. In 1831 the town was elevated to the status of "vila". In 1953 it became a municipality. In 1957 the district of Colinas do Sul broke off to form its own municipality. Likewise, in 1988 the district of Teresina de Goiás was dismembered.
Economy
The economy is based on cattle raising (60,777 head in 2006) and agriculture. The main crops cultivated are rice and corn, although in modest production. There was one bank—Banco do Brasil S.A. (Agosto/2007)
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 1,228
Total area: 331,175 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 10,681 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 32,505 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 186,001 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 72,521 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 4,000
Number of tractors: 703
Cattle herd: 60,777
Main crop: corn with 1,500 ha
Tourism
Founded in 1740 with the discovery of gold, Cavalcante still has traces of the colonial architecture of the gold period. Located 330 km. from Brasília it has waterfalls, streams and trails. Crossing the low mountains one can reach the springs of hot mineral water that gave the name to a now extinct mining town—Água Quente.
Cavalcante was once considered in the golden age of mining to be a great producer of gold and other minerals. Now livestock raising is the strong point of the local economy. The town also gets some tourism, which enters the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park in Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 100 km to the south. Many tourists come to visit the more than 150 cataloged waterfalls, most of which can only be visited on foot. On a dirt road that borders the national park there are connections with Colinas do Sul and the Serra da Mesa artificial lake.
Kalunga
Nearby there is a community, called the Kalunga, who are black descendants of the slaves who escaped into the interior to form communities called quilombos. These runaway slaves lived in isolation, building their own identity and their own culture, with African elements added to European elements, mainly the traditional Catholicism of the rural milieu, and intermingling with the indigenous population.
Today the Kalunga (approximately 4,500 people) occupy a territory that takes in part of the municipalities of Cavalcante, Monte Alegre and Teresina de Goiás. In these territories there are four main population centers: the region of Contenda and Vão do Calunga, Vão de Almas, Vão do Moleque and the former Ribeirão dos Negros, later renamed Ribeirão dos Bois.
Health and education
Hospital: 01 with 18 beds
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 30.02
Literacy rate in 2000: 61.7 (one of the lowest in the state)
MHDI: 0.609
State ranking: 241 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 4,509 (out of 5,507 municipalities)
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
External links
Cavalcante (in Portuguese)
Kalunga (in Portuguese)
Municipalities in Goiás |
Golujeh (, also Romanized as Golūjeh, Galoojeh, Galūjeh, and Gollūjeh; also known as Golūjeh Bālā, Gulūja Yukāri, Gyulyudzha-Yukhari, Kūlūjeh Yokhārī, and Kūlūjeh Yūkhārī) is a village in Esperan Rural District, in the Central District of Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 224, in 67 families.
References
Populated places in Tabriz County |
Planet Sound was a British music magazine founded in 1997 by Teletext Ltd. It featured on that company's teletext service (accessible via ITV and Channel 4) and official website. Planet Sound attracted a dedicated community of music fans, facilitated by its letters page, "The Void", and also received endorsements from chart musicians. The magazine was recognised by critics as an authoritative source of music journalism, and its content was reprinted by mainstream news and entertainment outlets including the BBC, NME and Uncut.
Planet Sound was shuttered when Teletext ceased broadcasting in December 2009. The Guardian lamented the closure of "a true one-off... a warm haven of musical discussion and recommendation". Its longest-tenured editor, John Earls – who became synonymous with the magazine – has continued to write music criticism for a variety of publications.
History
Planet Sound has been noted as the successor to Blue Suede Views, a music magazine hosted by Teletext precursor ORACLE in the 1980s and early 1990s. The teenage writings of future Planet Sound editor John Earls – including reviews of ABC and Westworld albums – were published by Blue Suede Views.
Planet Sound was named after the Pixies song, "Planet of Sound". It began in 1997 under editor Stephen Eastwood, with a companion web page also launched that year. Earls served as editor from 2001, becoming synonymous with the magazine. Planet Sound featured an assortment of music news, opinions, and reviews of new releases, and purported to give "sane coverage" to indie rock. It hosted a letters page titled "The Void"; those who wrote in were affectionately termed "Voiders". Planet Sound also offered appraisals of demo recordings sent in by budding musicians, and provided The Twilight Sad with their first review. Other bands to receive early media coverage from the magazine included Maxïmo Park and Hope of the States. Planet Sound published news stories daily, with reviews being updated weekly. Rankings of each year's best albums and singles were published annually.
Planet Sound earned a passionate fanbase over the years. Its original content was reproduced in articles by outlets such as the BBC, NME, Uncut, Digital Spy, and Drowned in Sound, who praised the magazine. Teletext neglected to update the online component of Planet Sound after May 1998, although it reappeared in May 2007.
Closure and aftermath
It was announced in July 2009 that Planet Sound was to end in January 2010, although Teletext ultimately ceased broadcasting on 15 December 2009. Peter Ormerod of The Independent lamented Planet Sounds impending closure, calling it "an authoritative, informed and sprightly read from its Pixies-referencing name onwards". The final edition featured musicians Paul Heaton and Nicky Wire paying tribute to Planet Sound and Teletext. Guardian journalist David Renshaw felt that Planet Sounds "sense of community" stood in opposition to the "cutthroat commenting world" of the internet, asserting, "We are losing a true one-off. Future generations will surely find the very concept of Teletext baffling. Today's music news, after all, is distributed by a horde of anonymous bloggers whereas Planet Sound represented something altogether more cosy, a warm haven of musical discussion and recommendation."
Earls established a record label called WET Records, and has continued to write music criticism for a variety of magazines and newspapers. Dave Fawbert of ShortList included Planet Sound in his list of "17 brilliant things we miss about Teletext", writing, "For the avid music fan, forget NME and Melody Maker, Planet Sound on Channel 4 was the most trusted source around." The Twilight Sad frontman James Graham said, "I used to read Planet Sound every day. A lot of people my age discovered a lot of their favourite bands on there... I really appreciate the support [Earls] gave us."
References
External links
Planet Sound homepage
Interview with Planet Sounds John Earls
Music magazines published in the United Kingdom
Channel 4
Magazines established in 1997
Magazines disestablished in 2009
Teletext
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom |
Post-amendment to the Tamil Nadu Entertainments Tax Act 1939 on 1 April 1958, Gross jumped to 140 per cent of Nett Commercial Taxes Department disclosed 82 crore in entertainment tax revenue for the year.
A list of films produced in the Tamil film industry in India in 1993 by release date:
Movies
Dubbed films
Periyavar- 01.01.1993
Sivappu chandran- 01.01.1993
Jilla rowdy - 14.01.1993
Ashokan- 19.02.1993
Keezhakkarai Viswanath - 12.03.1993
Kadamai - 19.03.1993
Suriya Puthran - 26.03.1993
Maanbumigu Maesthri - 14.04.1993
Latchiyam - 14.04.1993
Yenakkenna Bayam? - 30.04.1993
Devar Vamsam - 07.05.1993
Thalaivar Pondatti - 04.06.1993
Narasimma Nayakkar - 04.06.1993
Gang War - 16.07.1993
Inspector Aswini - 30.07.1993
Maravar Maghal - 15.08.1993
Devar Samrajyam - 03.09.1993
Aadi Amavasai - 10.09.1993
Akkarai Seemaiyile - 08.10.1993
Ottappandhayam- 08.10.1993
Police Lock-Up 13.11.1993
Comander -17.12.1993
References
Films, Tamil
1993
Lists of 1993 films by country or language
1990s Tamil-language films |
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from .datasets import make_wave
from .plot_helpers import cm2
def plot_linear_regression_wave():
X, y = make_wave(n_samples=60)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=42)
line = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100).reshape(-1, 1)
lr = LinearRegression().fit(X_train, y_train)
print("w[0]: %f b: %f" % (lr.coef_[0], lr.intercept_))
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.plot(line, lr.predict(line))
plt.plot(X, y, 'o', c=cm2(0))
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.set_ylim(-3, 3)
#ax.set_xlabel("Feature")
#ax.set_ylabel("Target")
ax.legend(["model", "training data"], loc="best")
ax.grid(True)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
``` |
Embrithosaurus was a pareiasaur from the Permian of South Africa.
Description
Embrithosaurus was in length and in weight. The skull is relatively deep and narrow. The body is lightly armoured with thin, smooth dermal scutes.
Species
E. schwarzi (Watson, 1914). The type species. This is the most advanced species of this genus, as indicated by the teeth, which have nine cusps (in three groups of three). In cladistic analyses it is used as the monotypal species for the genus.
E. alexanderi (Haughton and Boonstra, 1929). This species was made the type for "Dolichopareia". As the name indicates, the skull is long and narrow. This would seem to indicate a different lifestyle or diet to other parieasaurs. More recently, it has been used as the monotypal species for the genus Nochelesaurus (it is not clear what the status of Embrithosaurus strubeni is, this may be a further transitional species). In cladistic analyses, this species is phylogenetically intermediate between Bradysaurus seeleyi and Embrithosaurus schwarzi.
E. strubeni (Broom, 1924). The skull is large and deep, pointed at the front, and elevated in the jugal region. This species was originally made the type species of Nochelosaurus by Haughton and Boonstra. Boonstra later (1969) moved it into the genus Bradysaurus, on the basis of the primitive tooth structure. Kuhn however considers it belongs under Embrithosaurus.
References
External links
Velosauria at Palaeos
Permian reptiles of Africa
Pareiasaurs
Fossil taxa described in 1914
Prehistoric reptile genera |
Miyagi Island or Miyagijima (宮城島, Japanese: Miyagi-jima, Okinawan: Naagushiku-jima) is an island located in the Yokatsu Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It is also known as Takanaharijima (タカナハリジマ) in the Okinawan language, meaning "a high and distant island". This is a reference to its greater elevation compared to other nearby landmarks.
Miyagi Island is connected to the main Okinawa Island through a bridge that runs across Henza Island, making it accessible by car or bus. There are four villages on the island: Uehara (上原), Miyagi (宮城), Tōbaru (桃原) and Ikemi (池味).
History
Along with the rest of the Yokatsu Islands, Miyagi was under the control of Chūzan during the Sanzan period. In 1429, Chūzan united the Okinawa Islands and formed the Ryukyu Kingdom. Under Ryukyuan rule, Miyagi Island was used as a place of exile for political criminals. In 1879, the Ryukyu Kingdom was annexed by the Japanese Empire, and control of Miyagi Island was transferred to Okinawa Prefecture.
At the end of World War II, Miyagi Island went under the control of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, lasting from 1950 to 1972. It was returned to Japan following the Okinawa Reversion Agreement.
As evidenced by the ruins of Shigumu and Takamine, humans have inhabited the island since ancient times.
Climate
See also
Yokatsu Islands
Katsuren Peninsula
Okinawa Islands
References
Yokatsu Islands |
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