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The Center for International Policy (CIP) is a non-profit foreign policy research and advocacy think tank with offices in Washington, D.C., and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as promoting "cooperation, transparency and accountability in global relations. Through research and advocacy, our programs address the most urgent threats to our planet: war, corruption, inequality and climate change."
The center is the parent organization for a variety of projects, including the Security Assistance Monitor, the Arms & Security Project, and the Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative. It also has collaborated with the Washington Office on Latin America and the Latin America Working Group to publish the Just the Facts website. The center is currently the fiscal sponsor of the environmental protection organization, Mighty Earth, and Freedom Forward. Several prominent individuals serve as senior fellows and board members with CIP, including former Costa Rican president Óscar Arias Sánchez, UN ambassador Dessima Williams, Michael Barnes, and Matthew Hoh.
History
1970s
The center was founded in 1975 under the fiscal sponsorship of the Fund for Peace by activists, including Bill Goodfellow and then-retired US foreign service official Donald Ranard, who served as the center's first executive director.
During its first years, the Center focused its work on Asia, especially United States foreign policy towards South Korea and its relationships with the Park Chung Hee-led government. In 1976, Ranard testified to Congress on human rights violations in South Korea and the role of South Korean lobbyists in Washington. In 1978, the center established an Indochina Program, which advocated the normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia; the program was closed 11 years later in 1989.
In the mid-1970s, while at the time also co-chairs of the center's Board, US Representatives Donald Fraser and Tom Harkin introduced legislation that incorporated foreign countries' human rights records into consideration of security and economic aid.
1980s
During the 1980s, CIP campaigned in support of the Contadora Group and the subsequent Esquipulas Peace Agreement.
After South Africa received a loan from the International Monetary Fund in 1983, the center began a campaign that pushed for provisions that prohibited the US representative to the IMF to support loans to countries that practice apartheid. The Center continued its work with research into labor practices and economic impacts of apartheid in South Africa.
1990s
In 1990, the center established a joint program with the Costa Ricabased Arias Foundation, founded by Óscar Arias. The organisation's new president, Robert White, also worked extensively with Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide during his exile in Washington in the 1990s.
Wayne Smith joined the Center in 1991 to establish its Cuba program, working towards the normalisation of relations between the United States and Cuba.
In the mid-1990s, Adam Isacson established the Latin American Security program, which still operates today. The program campaigned against the militarisation of Plan Colombia and supporting the movement of funds to programs for judicial reforms and economic development. In June 1999, the program led the first ever congressional delegation to meet with insurgent leaders inside the territory they controlled.
2000s
Clarissa Segun and Paul Olweny, leaders for the Demilitarization for Democracy project, joined the Center in 2000. The project campaigned for diplomatic aid and United Nations peacekeeping. The project eventually closed in 2006.
Sarah Stephens worked on Cuba policy, joining the Center in 2001 with the Freedom to Travel project. She left CIP in 2006 and then launched the Center for Democracy in the Americas (CDA).
In 2003, then-President Robert White established a program focused on governmental corruption in Central America, specifically illegal logging in Honduras. Former The Washington Post foreign correspondent Selig Harrison joined CIP in the same year to head the center's Asia program which focused on North Korea and the Indian subcontinent.
With the publishing of his book Capitalism's Achilles Heel: Dirty Money and How to Renew the Free-Market System (Wiley & Sons, 2005), CIP senior fellow Raymond Baker founds Global Financial Integrity (GFI), a non-profit, research and advocacy organisation focused on the role of illicit financial flows.
In June 2007, the Americas Program joined CIP after the dissolution of the International Relations Center. The Americas Program continues as the TransBorder Project and the Americas Project today.
Current Programs
The center currently operates nine programs including the Arms & Security Project, Security Assistance Monitor, and the Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative among others. In its capacity, the center also fiscally sponsors the environmental protection organization, Mighty Earth, and Freedom Forward.
Security Assistance Monitor
Led by director Christina Arabia, Security Assistance Monitor (SAM) tracks and analyzes U.S. security and defense assistance programs worldwide. By informing policymakers, media, scholars, NGOs and the public in the United States and abroad about trends and issues related to U.S. foreign security assistance, their aim is to enhance transparency and promote greater oversight of U.S. military and police aid, arms sales and training.
The SAM database compiles all publicly available data on U.S. foreign security assistance programs worldwide from 2000 to the present. Collected from a wide range of government documents, the database provides detailed numbers on U.S. arms sales, military and police aid and training programs. Users can search these numbers by country, region, program and assistance type.
Arms & Security Project
The Arms and Security Project engages in media outreach and public education aimed at promoting reforms in U.S. policies on nuclear weapons, military spending and the arms trade. It seeks to advance the notion that diplomacy and international cooperation are the most effective tools for protecting the United States. According to program director William D. Hartung, "the use of military force is largely irrelevant in addressing the greatest dangers we face, from terrorism, to nuclear proliferation, to epidemics of disease, to climate change, to inequities of wealth and income. The allocation of budgetary resources needs to be changed to reflect this reality."
Hartung's research is most frequently sited in publications such as the Hill, Defense News, the Washington Post among others.
Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative
The Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative (FITI) "believes that promoting transparency is the best tool for highlighting the impact – potentially for both good and ill – of foreign influence on American democracy." Directed by Ben Freeman, the program "works to devise policy solutions to increase the incentives for agents to properly register and report the work they are doing on behalf of foreign powers and to make the details of such contracts and work publicly available." Most recently, FITI is heavily critical of the Pentagon budget and the Saudi Arabian lobby in Washington.
Sustainable Defense Task Force
The Sustainable Defense Task Force (SDTF) is a "bipartisan group of experts from academia, think tanks, government, and retired members of the military." CIP launched the Sustainable Defense Task Force (SDTF) in November 2018 to strategize a 10-year budget plan for the Pentagon. In June 2019, the task force published a report stating the Pentagon could save $1.2 trillion in projected spending over the next decade "while providing a greater measure of security." The report was featured in The Hill, the Washington Post, Defense News, and other news sources.
Full list of current CIP programs
Security Assistance Monitor
Arms & Security Project
Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative
Sustainable Defense Task Force
Cuba Project
Americas Program
Africa Program
Mighty Earth (fiscally sponsored)
Freedom Forward (fiscally sponsored)
References
External links
Center for International Policy
Peace organizations based in the United States
Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Think tanks established in 1975 |
William Henry Wilder (May 14, 1855 – September 11, 1913) was a lawyer and U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
Biography
Wilder was born in Belfast, Maine. He moved to Gardner, Massachusetts, in 1866. He was president of Wilder Industries. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1900, and was admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court in 1909. He studied the monetary systems of Europe in 1909 and wrote many articles and pamphlets on monetary questions.
Wilder was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses and served from March 4, 1911, until his death in Washington, D.C., on September 11, 1913. He is buried at Crystal Lake Cemetery in Gardner.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
Bibliography
Who's who in State Politics, 1912 Practical Politics (1912) p. 29.
William H. Wilder, late a representative from Massachusetts, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1915
External links
People from Gardner, Massachusetts
1855 births
1913 deaths
People from Belfast, Maine
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians |
Malika El Aroud (; 1959 – 6 April 2023) was a Belgian-Moroccan who was convicted of Islamic terrorist activities by a Belgian court in 2010. She had ties to Al-Qaeda and was known as one of Europe's most prominent internet jihadists.
El Aroud was the widow of Abdessatar Dahmane, one of the men who assassinated the anti-Taliban resistance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud in Afghanistan on 9 September 2001. In 2003 she was one of 22 people tried in Belgium for complicity in Massoud's murder, but was acquitted due to lack of evidence. In June 2007 she and her new husband Moez Garsalloui were found guilty by a Swiss court of operating websites that supported Al-Qaeda.
In 2010 El Aroud was sentenced by a Belgian court to eight years in prison for terrorist activities. Belgium then tried unsuccessfully to deport her to Morocco.
Biography
El Aroud was born in Morocco and moved to Brussels with her family as a child. It was when she was in her thirties and a single parent to her daughter, that she rediscovered religion and began frequenting the Centre Islamique Belge, where she married Abdessatar Dahmane.
In 2001 El Aroud joined her husband in Afghanistan, living in a camp at Jalalabad. Her husband was sent on a suicide mission by Al-Qaeda to assassinate the anti-Taliban resistance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud. The widowed El Aroud was then repatriated to Belgium, where she stood trial along with 22 others for complicity in Massoud's murder. She claimed that she was doing humanitarian work and knew nothing of her husband's mission and was acquitted due to lack of evidence. "Your ideas are very extreme, but I cannot sentence you for them," said the judge.
In February 2005 El Aroud was detained along with her Tunisian-born new husband Moez Garsalloui in an anti-terror raid while living in Switzerland (near Fribourg) and operating websites in support of Al-Qaeda. In June 2007 a Swiss court found Garsalloui guilty of supporting criminal organisations and inciting violence via their websites and El Aroud guilty of aiding and abetting him. Garsalloui was given a six month prison sentence, while El Aroud received a suspended sentence.
Returning to Belgium, El Aroud continued her internet propaganda for Al-Qaeda, using the name Oum Obeyda and encouraging men to fight for jihad. In 2008 she gave an interview to journalists Elaine Sciolino and Souad Mekhennet of The New York Times, in which she said "I have a weapon. It's to write. It's to speak out. That's my jihad. You can do many things with words. Writing is also a bomb." The director of Belgium's federal police force described her as a potential threat, saying: "Her jihad is not to lead an operation but to inspire other people to wage jihad".
In December 2008, El Aroud was one of a number of people arrested in Belgium on suspicion of having links with Al-Qaeda or of planning a terrorist attack, possibly on a two-day EU leaders' summit in Brussels. In February 2009, CNN presented a previous 2006 interview with El Aroud, as well as interviews with various people familiar with her activities or involved with her court proceedings, as part of the series "World's Untold Stories".
El Aroud went on trial in March 2010, accused with her husband Garsallaoui of heading a terrorist cell linked to Al-Qaeda and running a website that urged Muslims to sacrifice themselves in jihad. They stood trial with a further seven defendants, Garsallaoui and another defendant being tried in absentia. In May 2010, she was convicted of leading a terrorist group linked with Al-Qaeda which recruited militants in France and Belgium to fight in Afghanistan. She was sentenced to eight years in prison.
In 2014 the government started proceedings to revoke El Aroud's Belgian citizenship. El Aroud challenged the proceedings but lost her case in the Court of Appeal in Brussels in November 2017. A few days later she was arrested in order to be deported to Morocco. She appealed against the order and claimed asylum in Belgium but lost her appeal in February 2019. The deportation did not go ahead due to a lack of cooperation from the Moroccan authorities.
El Aroud died in Belgium on 5 April 2023, at the age of 64.
References
1959 births
2023 deaths
Belgian people of Moroccan descent
Islamic terrorism in Belgium
Al-Qaeda propagandists
Moroccan propagandists |
Aston Wyatt Greathead (31 May 1921 – 18 July 2012) was a New Zealand artist. He was born in Napier, the second of the five children of William John Edwin Greathead and Jane Greathead (née Wyatt), but the family soon moved to Timaru. Aston Greathead attended Waimataitai Primary School, where his drawings on the covers and page margins of his textbooks were sought-after by fellow pupils at the school's annual book sales. He never received art lessons, but was completely self-taught, developing his own natural talent from an early age. At one early art competition, the judges did not believe the work he submitted was his own, so he was locked in a room with a pencil and paper only to produce a work that amazed the judges.
Greathead did not attend secondary school, instead going directly into employment at S.W. Lewis and Sons in Timaru where he learnt signwriting.
During the Second World War, Greathead served 5 years the New Zealand Army in the North African and Italian campaigns. His art was in demand by fellow soldiers who wanted to send home pictures.
He returned to New Zealand after the war, setting up his own signwriting business in Christchurch, but while the business flourished, the stress became too much and he was advised to give it up. He then sold up in 1960 and relocated his family (wife Ethel ('Ett') (née Taberner) and their three daughters – Suzanne Jean, Wendy Wilks and Dennise Kay) to their bach at Kaikōura. With only one motel in that town at the time, he assisted a builder to construct 5 cabins, Bayside Cabins, along with their new house.
For three years or so, the family lived on savings, the income from the cabins, plus the occasional sale of a painting. By the fourth year, art sales picked up, and his prospects brightened.
In 1966 he won Sir Henry Kelliher's Dawson Hallmark watercolour award, which propelled him to fame and brought him commissions. Many of the early commissions came from remote farms, and he was happiest when painting on location. His favourite medium was watercolours, but over time he used this less, in favour of acrylics, which he preferred to straight oils. His technique, derived from his signwriting days, often used only four colours, and the colour of the canvas, which allowed him to paint relatively fast, often finishing a painting in a matter of hours.
Aoraki / Mount Cook was a favourite subject for him, and the lounge bar and dining room at The Hermitage at that mountain still display his works.
By the 1990s Greathead was also making his own sculptured frames for his works, adding a 'third dimension' to the painting itself.
He also donated works to charity: 1000 limited edition prints of his "Keas at dusk" were donated to the Cancer Society in the 1980s, raising $200,000. In September 2008 he donated two paintings to an auction to raise money to upgrade the children's section of the Temuka cemetery.
Greathead retired to Blenheim in 1994, where he died 18 years later, survived by his three daughters, 10 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren.
References
1921 births
2012 deaths
New Zealand artists
People from Napier, New Zealand
People from Kaikōura |
Passengers is a mid-1990s and early-2000s Channel 4 television programme about youth culture.
Some time after its original mid-1990s incarnation, the programme was revived for a new series in early 2001, initially for sister station E4.
In its original mid-1990s incarnation, it featured a pre-Trainspotting Ewan McGregor, Geoff Thompson, Notorious B.I.G., Take That and drum and bass musician Goldie. The theme tune was a portion of "The Passenger" by Iggy Pop and Ricky Gardiner.
References
External links
Channel 4 original programming
1994 British television series debuts
2002 British television series endings
British television talk shows
English-language television shows |
Peter J. Pitchess Detention Center, also known as Pitchess Detention Center or simply Pitchess, is an all-male county detention center and correctional facility named in honor of Peter J. Pitchess located directly east of exit 173 off Interstate 5 in the unincorporated community of Castaic in Los Angeles County, California.
The 2,620-acre site was previously known as the Wayside Honor Rancho, Castaic Honor Farm, or the Wayside Jail (by which it is still sometimes known) and was nicknamed the Wayside Drunk Farm in the 1940s because of the large proportion of inmates serving time for alcohol-related offenses—when first built for prison use in 1938 it was a minimum-security facility where inmates worked on a farm setting. In 1983 it was renamed the Peter J. Pitchess Honor Rancho. All farming operations were terminated in 1992 and the "rancho" component of the center was closed altogether in 1995 because of budgetary constraints, at which point it acquired its current name. It is run by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, and is divided into a North Facility, East Facility, South Facility, and North County Correctional Facility, each managed under different levels of prison security. In its current designation it was designed to house approximately 8,600 men either awaiting hearings or trial on a variety of crimes (i.e., "detention") or parole violators with sentences of up to one year ("corrections"), the two groups collectively termed "inmates". As of 1998 it was the county's largest jail complex. It is also the oldest operating jail in the county. The Municipal and Superior courthouses where Pitchess inmates are taken for hearings and trials include Van Nuys, San Fernando, Burbank, Pasadena, Newhall, Antelope Valley, Malibu, and downtown Los Angeles.
North Facility
Built in 1987, the North Facility was originally built as a medium-security structure, although now it is classified as maximum security. It is made up of four modules each containing four dormitories (each with a sleeping area, dining area/ day room, and restroom), eight disciplinary cells, a multipurpose room, a medical center, a visiting center, and three security stations. It was designed to house 90 criminals per dormitory "block" for a total of 1,450 inmates. For the first four years of its existence it operated under the command of the South Facility before gaining its own unit commander and operations staff.
The North Facility unofficially closed in 2010 and currently houses less than a third of its capacity of inmates. Its only function at the moment is to handle overflow from the other three facilities.
East Facility
Built in 1951, the East Facility, which once included a bakery and print shop where inmates received vocational training, started as a simple disciplinary housing unit for minimum-security inmates working on the farm. In 1957 it became the facility's first maximum-security jail. It was designed to house 110 criminals per dormitory block and had a maximum capacity of 1,830 inmates. It currently is designed to house approximately 850 inmates including 400 parole violators awaiting Morrissey hearings. It consists of two "hard lock" modules and an inmate processing area. As of January 2015, The Pitchess Detention Center East is closed.
South Facility
Built in 1971, the South Facility is a medium-security jail that offers inmates vocational programs such as masonry, dog grooming, and carpentry. Some inmates work on crews at the county Fire Department's Fire Suppression Training Camp No. 12, which a sign on the jail grounds at one point affectionately called "Disneyland." It was designed to house 85 criminals per dormitory block and had a maximum capacity of 1,700 inmates.
The South Facility was curtailed between November 2001 and October 2007, during which it was called the North Annex.
Fire Camp
The South Facility's Fire Camp Training Facility currently allows those inmates convicted of non-serious, nonviolent, and nonsexual offenses (mostly victimless drug-related crimes as well as theft and fraud) to participate for several months in physically-demanding firefighter training and to do so under the supervision of local law enforcement. The program is the result of California Assembly Bill 109, the state's "realignment plan". Inmates participating in this program are distinguished by their orange jumpers. At the completion of the 80-hour program, the facility hosts a formal graduation ceremony.
North County Correctional Facility
Known as "SuperMax" and distinct from the North Facility mentioned previously, the North County Correctional Facility (NCCF), built in 1990, is considered a state-of-the-art maximum-security jail offering vocational training in printing, bakery production, and clothes manufacturing. It also includes a 16-bed hospital dormitory. The rest of the facility was designed to house 58 criminals per dormitory block and to have a capacity of 3,700 inmates.
Women's Village Project
On October 26, 2012, the County of Los Angeles gave written notice of its intent to create a women's inmate facility within the Pitchess Detention Center. The 21-acre facility will require the demolition of most of the existing structures in the planned project area located adjacent to the South Facility. When completed, it will consist of a series of single-story "cottages" each containing a "pod" of beds and, when combined with beds in four existing structures which will not be demolished, will be able to house 1,156 criminals.
The Century Regional Detention Center in Lynwood is currently serving as an all female facility. It has a 2,100 inmate capacity.
Other structures, facilities, and visitor services
In 1951 Texaco discovered oil on the jail's property. Oil derricks still operate on prison land, as part of the Honor Rancho Oil Field.
A cogeneration plant ("co-gen") was built in 1963 to provide electricity to the jail. It is located here: .
The center has a heliport called Sheriff's Wayside Heliport which became operational in July 1972 and is located here:. Its Federal Aviation Administration Identifier is 81L. Two unofficial helipads are also maintained just southwest of the motor pool here: .
In 1993 the Elmer T. Jaffe Visitors' Center was built, located here: .
Events
2018: 17 people were indicted on identity theft charges and charges relating to supplying methamphetamine, including to the Pitchess Detention Center, after an investigation into the Puente 13 street gang led by the DEA and the US Secret Service.
See also
Twin Towers Correctional Facility
Men's Central Jail
References
External links
An Overview of the Pitchess Detention Center, © 2012
Los Angeles County - Pitchess Detention Center, East Facility - CLOSED January 2015
Los Angeles County - Pitchess Detention Center, North Facility
Los Angeles County - Pitchess Detention Center, South Facility
Los Angeles County - North County Correctional Facility, NCCF
Los Angeles County - Inmate Reception Center
Los Angeles County - Men's Central Jail
Los Angeles County - Century Regional Detention Facility
Los Angeles County - Twin Towers Correctional Facility
Buildings and structures in Los Angeles County, California
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department
Prisons in California
1938 establishments in California |
Evert Johan Kroon (born 9 December 1966) is a swimmer who represented the Netherlands Antilles. He competed in three events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Dutch Antillean male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands Antilles
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The Nehemiah Royce House, also known as the Washington Elm House, is a historic home located at 538 North Main Street in Wallingford, Connecticut. The saltbox house was constructed in 1672. George Washington visited the house twice, first in 1775 while on his way to take command of the Continental Army in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and again in 1789 when he gave an address to the townspeople in front of the house near the Elm.
Biography of Nehemiah Royce
Nehemiah Royce was christened on May 30, 1637 (actual birth date unconfirmed), in New London County, Connecticut, the son of Robert Royce ( – 1676) and Mary Sims.
On November 20, 1660, he married Hannah Morgan (1642–1677). They had nine children together.
Royce, a carpenter, joiner and blacksmith by trade, was one of Wallingford's original 38 proprietors authorized by the Connecticut General Assembly in 1667 to purchase land from the Quinnipiac nation. On May 12, 1670, Wallingford was incorporated and about 126 people settled in the town. On May 11, 1693, Royce was elected deputy representing Wallingford to the Court of the Connecticut Colony.
He died on November 1, 1706, in New Haven, Connecticut and is buried in Center Street Cemetery, Wallingford, Connecticut
Descendants
Nehemiah Royce's descendants number in the thousands today. Some of his notable descendants include:
Jonathan Brace, (1754–1837) was a United States representative from Connecticut. He was born in Harwinton, Connecticut and graduated from Yale College in 1779.
Abbott Lowell Cummings, (1923–2017) was an architectural historian and genealogist, best known for his study of New England architecture.
Clint Eastwood, American film actor, director, and producer
Millard Fillmore, (1800–1874) was the 13th President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853 and the last member of the Whig Party (United States) to hold that office.
Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, was an American editor, humorist, theatre critic, playwright and author of short stories, who worked for The New Yorker magazine from 1927 until his death in 1958.
Hamilton Jeffers, (1893–1978) was a noted astronomer.
John Robinson Jeffers, (1887–1962) was an American poet, known for his work about the central California coast. He is considered an icon of the environmental movement.
George B. McClellan, Civil War general, Governor of New Jersey, Democratic opponent of Abraham Lincoln in the 1864 United States presidential election.
Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903) was an American journalist, landscape designer and father of American landscape architecture, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park in New York City.
House
The Royce house is an example of American colonial saltbox architectural style. The Royce family occupied the house for over 200 years. The house was moved to its current location in 1924.
The prominent figures associated with the 1930s-1940s rehabilitation of the Royce House is an impressive roster of leaders in the historic preservation movement
in New England. The list includes Richard Henry Dana, William Sumner Appleton, Elmer Keith, J. Frederick Kelly, George Dudley Seymour, and Bertram Little. For a time it was a museum and then was used as a residence by Choate Rosemary Hall, until the school donated the house to the Wallingford Historic Preservation Trust in 1999. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
See also
List of the oldest buildings in Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Haven County, Connecticut
Notes
References
Jones, Emma C. Brewster. The Brewster Genealogy, 1566-1907: a Record of the Descendants of William Brewster of the "Mayflower," ruling elder of the Pilgrim church which founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. New York: Grafton Press. 1908
External links
Wallingford Historic Preservation Trust: Nehemiah Royce House
Nehemiah Royce House
Royce Family Association
Historic New England
Buildings and structures in Wallingford, Connecticut
Houses completed in 1672
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Saltbox architecture in Connecticut
Houses in New Haven County, Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in New Haven, Connecticut
1670 establishments in Connecticut |
The 1945 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1945 college football season. It was the Tigers' 54th overall and 13th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Carl M. Voyles, in his second year, and played their home games at Auburn Stadium in Auburn, the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5–5 overall, 2–3 in the SEC).
Schedule
References
Auburn
Auburn Tigers football seasons
Auburn Tigers football |
Mard is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language Indian action film directed by Ganpati Bohra and produced by Sunil Kumar Bohra, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Kader Khan, Gulshan Grover, Raza Murad, Shakti Kapoor and Ravali.
Plot
Mard is an action film starring Mithun Chakraborty. Assistant Commissioner Of Police Arjun (Mithun Chakraborty) is an honest police officer who gets transferred regularly. As a punishment for his impeccable integrity Arjun is sent to a police station which is a part of the area ruled by underworld don Satya Lal (Gulshan Grover). Satyalal has the local Police and the Home ministry Deen Dayal Chaudhary (Pramod Moutho) under his control and wants to cut ACP Arjun to size. Will Arjun be able to stand up against the odds and defeat Satyalal.
Cast
Mithun Chakraborty as ACP Arjun Khanna
Ravali as Kammo
Kader Khan as Gulam Kalim Azat
Adi Irani as Abdul Kalim Azat
Gulshan Grover as Satya Lal
Raza Murad as DGP
Shakti Kapoor as Jaffer
Johnny Lever as Bindas
Lekha Govil as Bindas's Mother
Pramod Moutho as Chief Minister Dayal Chaudhary
Tej Sapru as Police inspector
Jack Gaud as Ratan
Vishwajeet Pradhan as Sohan Lal
Altaf Raja as singer
Ashwin Kaushal as Mohan Lal
Ashalata Kashmiri
Asha Sharma as victim girl's
Mitran
Ram-Laxman
Amrish
Music
"Peelo Ishq Di Whisky" - Altaf Raja
"Dil Dhadak Mera Jaaye Re" - Poornima, Lalit Sen
"Aaj Kisiki Jeet Hui" - Kavita Krishnamurthy, Mohammed Aziz
"Ankhon Mein Hai Kya" - Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik
"Tu Apna Kaam Karle" - Sapna Awasthi, Devang Patel
References
External links
1998 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Mithun's Dream Factory films
Films shot in Ooty
Films scored by Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
Indian action films |
The Oscar class, Soviet designations Project 949 Granit and Project 949A Antey (NATO reporting names Oscar I and Oscar II respectively), are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. First built in the 1970s, six remain in service with the Russian Navy. Two other vessels were slated to be modernized since at least 2017 as Project 949AM, to extend their service life and increase combat capabilities but it is unclear whether work continues as of 2023.
The Project 949 submarines were the largest cruise missile submarines in service until some ballistic missile submarines were converted to carry cruise missiles in 2007. They are the fourth largest class of submarines in displacement and length. Only the Soviet , Russian and American Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines are larger.
History
The first submarine of Project 949 was laid down in the mid-1970s and was commissioned in 1980. In 1982 an updated and larger version (Project 949A) replaced the earlier version. In total fourteen submarines were constructed. The Oscar class was designed to attack NATO carrier battle groups using long-range P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 "Shipwreck") anti-ship missiles and targeting data provided by the satellite system (via the submarine's "Punch Bowl" antenna). In the financial problems that followed the fall of the Soviet Union the Oscar class was prioritized by the Russian Navy, and when many older submarine classes were retired the Oscar class remained active in both the Northern and Pacific Fleets.
Modernization
The Rubin Design Bureau started working on Project 949A modernization in 2011, with Zvezdochka and Zvezda shipyards to carry out modernization of the vessels. In September 2015, Russian Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu announced during his visit to Zvezda shipyard, that at least three Oscar-class submarines will undergo repair and modernization to extend their service life by 20 years. The upgraded submarines will be known as "Project 949AM", according to the Russian officials. Modernization cost was estimated at RUB12 billion (US$182 million) per submarine.
In September 2016, it was reported submarines K-132 Irkutsk and K-442 Chelyabinsk are currently being modernized to 949AM. According to the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Yury Borisov, Russia's Pacific Fleet may get four modernized Oscar II-class submarines armed with Kalibr cruise missiles by 2021.
Versions
Project 949 Granit (Oscar I)
Two Project 949 Granit submarines were built at Severodvinsk between 1975 and 1982 and assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. K-525 was laid down in 1975 and K-206 was laid down in 1979. After the construction of the first two submarines, production continued with the improved project 949A Antey. Both submarines of the Project 949 were decommissioned in 1996 and scrapped in 2004.
Project 949A Antei (Oscar II)
Eleven Project 949A Antey submarines were completed at Severodvinsk, of which five were assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. At one stage it had been planned to develop a new fourth-generation follow-on to the Project 949A, but this plan was later dropped. The external differences between the two classes were that the 949A class is about longer than its predecessor (approximately rather than ), providing space and buoyancy for improved electronics and quieter propulsion.
Some sources speculate that the acoustic performance of the Oscar II class is superior to early but inferior to the Akula II class as well as subsequent (4th generation) designs. It also has a larger fin, and its propellers have seven blades instead of four.
Like all post-World War II Soviet designs, they are of double hull construction. Similarly, like other Soviet submarine designs, Project 949 not only has a bridge open to the elements on top of the sail but, for use in inclement weather, there is an enclosed bridge forward and slightly below this station. A distinguishing mark is a slight bulge at the top of the fin. A large door on either side of the fin reaches this bulge. These are wider at the top than on the bottom, and are hinged on the bottom. The Federation of American Scientists reports that this submarine carries an emergency crew escape capsule; it is possible that these doors cover it. The VSK escape capsule can accommodate 110 people.
Project 949AM
Modernization of Project 949A submarines, first announced by the Russian Defence Ministry in 2011. As part of the modernization, submarines will have their 24 P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles replaced with up to 72 newer 3M-54 Kalibr or P-800 Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles. The upgrade requires no design changes to the hull as the new missiles will fit into the existing launchers outside the pressure hull. The modernized boats will also get upgraded Omnibus-M combat information and Simfoniya-3.2 navigation systems, as well as new fire-control system, communications, sonar, radar, and electronic intercept equipment. The modernization aims to bring the submarines up to the same technological level as Russia's next-generation Yasen-class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines.
Belgorod, Project 09852
In December 2012, construction began on a special purpose research and rescue submarine, designated Project 09852, and based on the incomplete Project 949A (Oscar II class) submarine Belgorod. The submarine is reportedly designed to carry both manned (e.g. Project 18511 midget submarine) as well as unmanned (e.g. Klavesin-1R) underwater vessels. However, while carrying smaller unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) would be possible as-is on an Oscar-class hull, the accommodation of a midget submarine such as Project 18511 Paltus or the even larger Project 10831 Losharik, would probably require a major hull extension in order to accommodate a docking compartment. For example, the length of the submarine BS-64 Podmoskovye was increased by even though the SLBM missile compartment was completely removed.
Belgorod will be reportedly used as a carrier of the rumored Poseidon (NATO reporting name Kanyon) nuclear-powered, thermonuclear armed unmanned underwater device capable to carry a 100 Mt thermonuclear warhead, with at least four such devices being carried horizontally in place of the 24 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) launchers for a total yield of 600 megatonnes of TNT.
It is estimated that Belgorod will be long which would make it the longest submarine in the world.
On 23 April 2019, Belgorod was floated out of a slipway during a ceremony at the Sevmash shipyard, watched by the President of Russia Vladimir Putin via a TV-link. Further work was to be completed afloat and the submarine was scheduled to start its factory and state trials in 2020 after which it was to be delivered to the Russian Navy. However, this schedule was delayed with sea trials then projected to begin in May 2021. After some delays, sea trials were reported to have started on June 25, 2021. The submarine was delivered to the Russian Navy on 8 July 2022.
Units
Gallery
See also
List of submarine classes in service
References
Bibliography
The Encyclopedia Of Warships, From World War Two To The Present Day, General Editor Robert Jackson.
Further reading
External links
Line drawing of Oscar-class submarine
Submarine classes
Russian and Soviet navy submarine classes
Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy |
The Cambridge Edition of the Letters of Ernest Hemingway is an ongoing scholarly multi-volume publication of the letters of Ernest Hemingway undertaken by the Cambridge University Press. Out of the projected 16 volumes, the first volume, covering years from 1907 to 1922, was published in 2011. The project, when completed, will collect every extant Hemingway letter, numbering over 6,000, and is being edited by Sandra Spanier, professor of English at Pennsylvania State University. The project may take 20 years to finish.
Volume 1
Available in Hardback and Fine/Leather Binding
Years covered: 1907–1922
Published: 20 September 2011
Pages: 516
Volume 2
Available in Hardback and Fine/Leather Binding (£75)
Years covered: 1923–1925
Published: 30 September 2013
Pages: 515
Fine/Leather Binding:
Volume 3
Available in Hardback
Years covered: 1926–1929
Published: 14 October 2015
Pages: 731
Volume 4
Available in Hardback
Years covered: 1929–1931
Published: 16 November 2017
Pages: 818
Volume 5
Available in Hardback
Years covered: 1932–1934
Published: 31 July 2020
Pages: 840
References
Works by Ernest Hemingway
Series of books
Correspondences
Collections of letters |
Norman Ezra Lake (born December 8, 1932) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Inglewood, California.
Lake was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played two matches.
External links
profile
1932 births
Living people
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Inglewood, California |
September of My Years is a 1965 studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released on Reprise Records in August 1965 on LP and October 1986 on CD. The orchestral arrangements are by Gordon Jenkins, their fifth album collaboration. It peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart.
In 2000 it was voted number 190 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.
Background
Sinatra was to turn 50 years old in December 1965, and the release of this album along with A Man and His Music and Strangers in the Night marked a surge of popularity in his music.
Both September of My Years and A Man and His Music won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. CBS television cameras were rolling the night (earlier in the spring) that Sinatra recorded "It Was a Very Good Year" for the album. The edited result was included in a Walter Cronkite CBS News special (1965 SPECIAL REPORT: FRANK SINATRA), broadcast on November 16, 1965.
Sinatra's performance of "It Was a Very Good Year" won the Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance, Male, at the Grammy Awards of 1966. Arranger Gordon Jenkins was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) for the same song.
This was the first album Sinatra and Jenkins had recorded together since 1962's All Alone. Jenkins and Sinatra would next work together on the 1973 album Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back, the 1980 album Trilogy: Past Present Future, and the 1981 album She Shot Me Down.
The album was released on CD on October 10, 1986. It was re-released and remastered on May 26, 1998, as part of the Entertainer of the Century series done together by Reprise and Capitol Records. That version is currently out of print. Concord Records reissued the album again, newly remastered on compact disc, on August 31, 2010. This version includes two bonus tracks, a live performance of "This Is All I Ask" recorded at Carnegie Hall in June 1984, and the single mix of "How Old Am I?" released in 1968.
Themes
September of My Years is a concept album exploring the "who am I" questions and perspectives that someone, particularly a man, faces upon entering middle age. For instance, in "It Was a Very Good Year", the narrator looks back upon his life at ages 17, 21, 35, and now, in his personal "September." The structure of the song, which lasts almost four and a half minutes, was highly unusual for a popular song of the time, as it exceeded most other songs of that era by over a minute. In the process, the narrator "takes his time" to review his past relationships with a bittersweet mixture of satisfaction and regret. Similarly, in "Hello, Young Lovers", the narrator offers to young people the guidance and wisdom he has gleaned from experience. In other songs, like "The Man in the Looking Glass" and "Last Night When We Were Young", the narrator conducts an internal dialogue that reviews both the accomplishments and disappointments of his life. In addition to the lyrical content, the musical background reflects a more mature Sinatra than the Capitol recordings of the 1950s and his Reprise albums of the early 1960s. Instead of the big-band, "swing" arrangements with horn sections of those earlier songs, this LP features an orchestra with nine violinists. These strings provide a delicate interplay with the vocals, allowing the listener to easily hear and take in the lyrics.
Track listing
"The September of My Years" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Sammy Cahn) – 3:12
"How Old Am I?" (Gordon Jenkins) – 3:30
"Don't Wait Too Long" (Sunny Skylar) – 3:04
"It Gets Lonely Early" (Van Heusen, Cahn) – 2:57
"This Is All I Ask" (Jenkins) – 3:03
"Last Night When We Were Young" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg) – 3:33
"The Man in the Looking Glass" (Bart Howard) – 3:25
"It Was a Very Good Year" (Ervin Drake) – 4:25
"When the Wind Was Green" (Don Hunt, Henry Stinson) – 3:22
"Hello, Young Lovers" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 3:41
"I See It Now" (Alec Wilder, William Engvick) – 2:50
"Once Upon a Time" (Charles Strouse, Lee Adams) – 3:30
"September Song" (Kurt Weill, Maxwell Anderson) – 3:30
Bonus tracks included on the 2010 reissue:
"This Is All I Ask" – 3:49
"How Old Am I?" – 3:42
Notes
The Orchestra on "The September of My Years" features 9 Violins
The Orchestra on Tracks 2-13 and 15 features 16 Violins
Henry Stinson is also known as Donald Henry Stinson
Personnel
Frank Sinatra – vocals (All Tracks)
Bob Bain – guitar (1)
Max Bennett – additional bass guitar (15)
Buddy Collette – saxophone, woodwind (1)
Joe Comfort – string bass (1)
Irv Cottler – drums (1, 14)
Alvin Dinkin – viola (1-2, 4–5, 7–9, 11–12, 15)
Melinda Eckels – oboe (2, 4–5, 7–8, 15), flute (3, 6, 9-13)
Nick Fatool – drums (2-13, 15)
Bert Gassman – oboe (3, 6, 9-13)
Chuck Gentry – saxophone, woodwind (1)
Justin Gordon – saxophone, woodwind (1)
Stanley Harris – viola (1)
Al Hendrickson – guitar (9, 11-12)
Lloyd Hildebrand – bassoon (2-13, 15), flute (3, 6, 9-13)
Clyde Hylton – clarinet (2-13, 15), flute (3, 6, 9-13)
Gordon Jenkins – arranger (All Tracks), conductor (1-13, 15)
Kathryn Julye – harp (1)
Armand Kaproff – cello (1-2, 4–5, 8–9, 11–12, 15)
Louis Kievman – viola (2, 4–5, 7–9, 11–12, 15)
Harry Klee – clarinet (2-13, 15), flute (3, 6, 9-13), saxophone, woodwind (1)
Arnold Koblentz – oboe (2, 4–5, 7–8, 15)
Cappy Lewis – trumpet (1)
Edgar Lustgarten – cello (1)
Ray Menhennick – viola (3, 6, 10, 13)
Bill Miller – piano (1-13, 15)
Dick Nash – trombone (1)
Tommy Pederson – trombone (1)
Bill Pitman – guitar (1)
Kurt Reher – cello (3, 6, 10, 13)
George Roberts – bass trombone (1)
Paul Robyn – viola (2-13, 15)
Mike Rubin – string bass (1-13, 15)
Sanford Schonbach – viola (3, 6, 10, 13)
Willie Schwartz – saxophone, woodwind (1)
Tom Shepard – trombone (1)
Barbara Simons – viola (1)
Eleanor Slatkin – cello (1)
Wayne Songer – clarinet (2-13, 15)
Vincent Terri – guitar (2-8, 10, 13, 15)
Kathryn Thompson Vail – harp (2-13, 15)
Joe Parnello – piano, conductor (14)
Tony Mottola – guitar (14)
References
1965 albums
Frank Sinatra albums
Albums produced by Sonny Burke
Albums arranged by Gordon Jenkins
Grammy Award for Album of the Year
Reprise Records albums
Albums conducted by Gordon Jenkins |
The Gift of Love is a 1958 American CinemaScope drama romance film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack.
The film's screenplay was based on the short story "The Little Horse" by Nelia Gardner White, originally published in a 1944 issue of Good Housekeeping, and previously made into the film Sentimental Journey (1946), with John Payne and Maureen O'Hara.
Plot
A brilliant scientist, Bill Beck (Stack), ends up happily married to Julie (Lauren Bacall), his doctor's receptionist. Five years after their wedding, the same doctor treats Julie for a heart condition that she decides to keep secret from her husband, who is doing serious work as a physicist developing guided missiles.
Not wishing him to be left alone if she dies, Julie suggests they adopt a child. An orphan called Hitty (Evelyn Rudie) has been rejected many times, but Julie takes a shine to her. Bill, a pragmatist, does not understand the little girl's fantasy world, and he is angered when Hitty, meaning well, erases a chalkboard, wiping out hours of Bill's hard work.
Bill's superior at work, Grant Allan (Lorne Greene), urges him to give the girl more patience and time, but the Becks believe it could be best that Hitty be returned to the orphanage. Julie's heart gives out. After her death, Hitty tries to win over her heartbroken foster father, but Bill is inconsolable.
Hitty is returned to the orphanage. She goes missing one night and is caught in a storm. Bill and Grant hurry there to assist in a search, and when they find Hitty and save her, Bill realizes he never wants to be apart from her again.
Cast
Lauren Bacall as Julie Beck
Robert Stack as William "Bill" Beck
Evelyn Rudie as Hitty
Lorne Greene as Grant Allan
Anne Seymour as Miss McMasters
Edward Platt as Dr. Jim Miller
Joseph Kearns as Mr. Rynicker
See also
List of American films of 1958
References
External links
1958 films
1958 romantic drama films
20th Century Fox films
Remakes of American films
American romantic drama films
Films about adoption
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Jean Negulesco
Films produced by Charles Brackett
Films scored by Cyril J. Mockridge
Films scored by Alfred Newman
CinemaScope films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films |
Anguilla competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.
Anguilla was represented by 12 athletes, competing in athletics and cycling.
Athletics
Men
Track
Cycling
Road
Men
See also
2010 Commonwealth Games
References
External links
Nations at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Anguilla at the Commonwealth Games
2010 in Anguilla |
Bialystok District (German: Bezirk Bjelostock) was an administrative unit of Nazi Germany created during the World War II invasion of the Soviet Union. It was to the south-east of East Prussia, in present-day northeastern Poland as well as in smaller sections of adjacent present-day Belarus and Lithuania. It was sometimes also referred to by the designation South East Prussia (German: Südostpreußen - see the map below) along with the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau, although in contrast to the latter, it was not incorporated into, but merely attached to East Prussia.
The territory lay to the east of the Molotov–Ribbentrop line and was consequently occupied by the Soviet Union and incorporated into the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the aftermath of the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the westernmost portion of Soviet Belarus (which, until 1939, belonged to the Polish state), was placed under the German Civilian Administration (Zivilverwaltungsgebiet). As Bialystok District, the area was under German rule from 1941 to 1944 without ever formally being incorporated into the German Reich.
The district was established because of its perceived military importance as a bridgehead on the far bank of the Memel. Germany had desired to annex the area even during the First World War, based on the historical claim arising from the Third Partition of Poland, which had delegated Białystok to Prussia from 1795 to 1806 (see New East Prussia). In contrast to other territories of Eastern Poland which were permanently annexed by the Soviet Union following the Second World War, most of the territory was later returned to Poland.
History
Administration
After the start of Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union, the invading Wehrmacht soldiers murdered 379 people, 'pacified' 30 villages, burned down 640 houses and 1,385 industrial buildings in the area. Police Battalion 309 burned about 2000 Jews in Great Synagogue, Białystok on 27 June 1941.
The first decree for the implementation of civil administration in these newly occupied territories was issued on 17 July 1941. It was announced that the Bialystok district will implement civil administration at a time to be determined.
On July 22, Hitler announced that from August 1, Erich Koch would take over the Bialystok district and demarcate the borders of the district. The borders of this area ran from the southeastern protrusion of East Prussia (the Suwalki triangle) following the Neman River up to Mosty (excluding Grodno), including Volkovysk and Pruzhany up to the Bug River to the west of Brest-Litovsk and then following the border of the General Government to East Prussia.
Bialystok District was established on 1 August 1941; it was simultaneously excluded from the operational zones of the German Army in the Soviet Union. At the same time, some small areas to the east of the 1939–1941 German-Soviet border were incorporated into the East Prussian district of Scharfenwiese (now Ostrołęka). With this the city of Scharfenwiese henceforth held more hinterland to the east.
On August 1, Erich Koch took over the Białystok district and subsequently, on 15 August, he was appointed as Chief of Civil Administration (Chef der Zivilverwaltung) of Bialystok District. During this period, he also was the Gauleiter of the Gau East Prussia, Oberpräsident of the Prussian Province of East Prussia, and Reichskommissar in Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Day-to-day activities were handled by his permanent deputy head of the Nazi Party in Königsberg, East Prussia, Waldemar Magunia from 15 August 1941 to 31 January 1942. He was replaced from 1 February 1942 to 27 July 1944 by Friedrich Brix, Landrat (District Mayor) of Tilsit.
In addition, SS and security forces were under the direct command of the SS and Police Leader (SSPF) of the District. This officer commanded all SS personnel and police in his jurisdiction, including the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; regular uniformed police), the SD (intelligence service) and the SiPo (security police), which included the Gestapo (secret police). The commanders were SS-Standartenführer Werner Fromm (January 1942 – January 1943), SS-Brigadeführer Otto Hellwig (May 1943 – July 1944) and SS-Oberführer Heinz Roch (July – October 1944). The SSPF reported to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) of Russland Mitte (Central Russia) headquartered in Mogilev until July 1943 and thereafter in Minsk. This was SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (May 1941 – June 1944) and then SS-Obergruppenführer Curt von Gottberg (June – August 1944).
The center of administration for the district was the Polish city of Białystok. The area had a population of 1,383,000 inhabitants, which included 980,000 (70.9%) ethnic Poles, 200,000 (14.5%) Belarusians, 120,000 (8.7%) Jews, 80,000 (5.8%) Ukrainians, and 2,000 (0.1%) ethnic Germans. The district was divided into eight county-level administrative units, called district police stations (, ). These were the police stations Bialystok (Kreiskommissariat Nikolaus), Bielsk-Podlaski (Kreiskommissariat Tubenthal), Grajewski (Kreiskommissariat Piachor, then Knispel), Grodno (Kreiskommissariat Plötz), Łomża (Kreiskommissariat Gräben), Sokolski (Kreiskommissariat Seiler), Volkovysk (Kreiskommissariat Pfeifer) and the city of Białystok.
Nazi repressions
Until the end of July 1941, the city of Białystok was under controlled by Wehrmacht, it was then subordinated to the civil administration. Shortly before the handover, General Max von Schenckendorff, commander of Army Group Centre Rear Area ordered the Order Police battalions, which were part of Police Regiment Centre, to embark on pacification operations against civilians in the Białystok district. On July 25, 1941, police units commanded by Colonel Max Montua forced 183 families from the villages of Budy, Pogorzelce, and Teremiski in the Białowieża Forest. They were forcibly moved to Pruzhany. The next day, they drove 1,240 people out of the villages around Narewka. In the following days, further populations from the towns of Leśna, Mikłaszew, Olchówka and Zabrod were made to leave. Another 1133 people were displaced to the vicinity of Zabłudów. The brutal Police Battalion 322 burned 12 Polish and Belarusian villages, shot 42 people in the Lacka Forest near Waniek and more in the Osuszek forest near the village of Piliki.
Heinrich Himmler visited the newly formed Bialystok District on 30 June 1941 and pronounced that more forces were needed in the area, due to potential risks of partisan warfare. The chase after the Red Army's rapid retreat left behind a security vacuum, which required the urgent deployment of additional personnel. Scrambling to meet this "new threat", Gestapo headquarters formed Kommando SS Zichenau-Schroettersburg which departed from sub-station Schröttersburg (Płock) under the leadership of SS-Obersturmführer Hermann Schaper (born 1911) with express mission to murder Jews, communists and the NKVD collaborators across the local villages and towns. On July 3 additional formation of Schutzpolizei arrived in Białystok, summoned from the General Government. It was led by SS-Hauptsturmführer Wolfgang Birkner, veteran of Einsatzgruppe IV from the Polish Campaign of 1939. The relief unit, called Kommando Bialystok, was sent in by SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer Eberhard Schöngarth on orders from the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), due to reports of Soviet guerrilla activity in the area with Jews being of course immediately suspected of helping them out. The first stage of the Nazi persecutions mainly involved applying collective punishment to various villages where any form of real-or-imagined threat had been identified. Terror operations were enacted to prevent assistance to independence movements but mostly to round-up and persecute local Jews. Targeted buildings were being destroyed, possessions robbed, communities mass murdered or sent to labor camps or prisons. SS-Gruppenführer Nebe reported to Berlin on 14 November 1941 that, up to then 45,000 persons had been eliminated.
The situation of the local population did improve after the Raid on Mittenheide. The Germans introduced the policy of finding and forcing anyone who could be of German ancestry, even based on the "pure German looks" in some cases, to accept the German ancestry card (usually 4th category "The Traitors of the German Nation," in spite of the ominous-sounding name, it meant elevation above the rest of the population). The Germans were harkening back to the times of the New East Prussia.
On 1 November 1941, the city of Grodno (location of the Grodno Ghetto set up at the same time) including its surroundings, were transferred from the Reichskommissariat Ostland to Bialystok.
Already on 27 June 1941, a camp for Soviet prisoners of war was established in Bialystok named Stalag 57. On 1 August 1942, it was renamed Stalag 316. It was located in the former barracks of the 10th Lithuanian Uhlan Regiment at 70 Kawaleryjska Street. It was the first one of its kind, except for the makeshift camp that was set up in September 1939 in the building of the Secondary School No. 6. Up to twelve thousand people could stay there at one time. Prisoners were used for construction works at the nearby "Krywlany" airport. Tens of thousands of people passed through the camp, of which approximately 3,000 were killed. After its liquidation in 1943, a transit camp was set up there for the Jewish population. Several other camps were also established: a transitional camp for people taken to forced labor into the Third Reich consisting of 3 barracks, a penal camp in Starosielce located in the triangle between the railway lines Białystok - Ełk and Białystok - Warsaw, and the "Zielona" penal camp located between Zaścianki and the Skorupa district where people were arrested for violating German regulations, such as being late for work or alcohol abuse.
Following the German occupation, most Jews had been rounded up and forced into some 60 ghettos throughout the District. On 2 November 1942 Nazi SS and police forces, in a coordinated operation with help from the local gendarmerie, suddenly encircled and quarantined all the ghettos. Between November 1942 and February 1943, approximately 100,000 Jews in the District, including some 10,000 from Bialystok proper, were sent to the Treblinka and Auschwitz death camps. The final liquidation of the Bialystok Ghetto took place in August 1943, when the remaining 30,000 Jews there were sent to be murdered.
Resistance
The Home Army operated within the Białystok region. Aside from attacking the occupying forces, it ran intelligence and propaganda networks and collected a V2-rocket, parts of which were transported to London.
During the night of 15–16 August 1943, the Białystok Ghetto Uprising began. This was an insurrection in Poland's Białystok Ghetto by several hundred Polish Jews who began an armed struggle against the German troops finishing off the liquidation of the people still living in the Ghetto. This Ghetto's victims were ultimately destined for the Treblinka extermination camp. It was organized and led by Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa, an organisation that was part of the Anti-Fascist Block, and was the second largest ghetto uprising, after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, in Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II.
On 20 October 1943, the southern border between the East Prussian district Sudauen (Suwałki) in the Province of East Prussia and the Bialystok District was adjusted and moved back to the northern side of the Augustów Canal.
In January 1944, the region's Home Army began participating in Operation Tempest launching a series of uprisings throughout Białystok. In July and August 1944, the territory of Bialystok District was taken over by the Red Army up to the Narew-Bobr line. The government seat for the Chief of Civil Administration was then moved to Bartenstein. In January 1945, the Red Army overran the last areas of Bialystok District, namely the remaining parts of the districts Łomża and Grajewo, driving the Germans completely out of the territory.
References
Gnatowski M., "Białostockie Zgrupowanie Partyzanckie". Białystok 1994
History of Białystok
Subdivisions of Nazi Germany
World War II occupied territories
Former government regions of Germany |
Meadowridge is a suburb in the southern suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. It is the second garden city in Cape Town and was officially opened on 23 March 1955.
Local shopping centres are Meadowridge Park 'n Shop and Meadowridge Shopping Centre (the first shopping centre). Nearby schools are Bergvliet Primary School, Sweet Valley Primary School and Bergvliet High School. Close by is the local football club, Meadowridge AFC.
Meadowridge is home to the Meadowridge Library, one of Cape Town's top circulating libraries, which serves Meadowridge and surrounding neighborhoods.
The Meadowridge Sports Association, chaired for many years by Guy Taylor is the custodian of the football fields, the forest and the building currently occupied by the Sunny Skies nursery school.
Meadowridge resident testimony...
Over the last 10 years the football field was closed in with fencing to prevent the local community from damaging the football ground for the odd match to be played irregularly. Older residents would remember the site as a place to visit and have fun with their children but the high fences now make it seem like a protected fortress.
References
Suburbs of Cape Town |
Federico Comandini (11 August 1893 - 15 March 1967) was an Italian politician.
Comandini was born in Cesena. He was at first active in the Action Party, then in Popular Unity, then in the Italian Socialist Party, which he represented in the Chamber of Deputies from 1958 to 1963.
Comandini was also a member of Giustizia e Libertà, an anti-fascist resistance group.
References
External links
1893 births
1967 deaths
People from Cesena
Action Party (Italy) politicians
Popular Unity (Italy) politicians
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Members of the National Council (Italy)
Deputies of Legislature III of Italy
Politicians of Emilia-Romagna
Members of Giustizia e Libertà |
Bhushan Ashok Bhatt (b 1963) is an Indian politician and former member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Jamalpur-Khadia assembly constituency of Amdavad district. He represented the seat from 2012 to 2017, but lost the 2017 election.
His father Ashok Bhatt was a speaker of Gujarat Vidhan Sabha in 2010.
References
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012
1963 births
Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017 |
Henri Raoul Marie Salaun (6 April 1926 - 4 June 2014) was an American hardball squash and tennis player. He was "widely considered one of the world’s most influential squash players."
Squash career
Born in Brest, France (his paternal grandfather was the French admiral Henri Salaun), he played high school squash at Deerfield Academy before playing college squash at Wesleyan University. He won the United States Squash Racquets Association (USSRA) national championships four times (1955, 1957, 1958 and 1961), and finished runner-up on five further occasions. He also won the inaugural US Open in 1954, beating the legendary player Hashim Khan in the final. Salauan also won "a record six Canadian Nationals (four in a row from 1956-59), a record seven Harry Cowles Invitationals, two Gold Racquets titles and a combined 26 USSRA age-group championships, a total which, like his 39 individual victories in the annual Tri-City (New York, Boston and Philadelphia) Lockett Cup competition, dwarfs that of everybody else." He adorned the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1958.
Salaun made his final appearance at the US national championships in 1966 when, just months shy of his 40th birthday, he reached the semi-finals. Since retiring from the top-level game, he has continued to play in veteran's events, winning numerous veterans titles.
Salaun was inducted into the USSRA Hall of Fame in 2000. He was inducted into Wesleyan University's Hall of Fame in the spring of 2008. Salaun graduated from Wesleyan in 1949. "At Wesleyan, Salaun earned All-American honors in soccer and competed nationally in tennis and squash. He studied languages, and joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity on campus."
Tennis career
Salaun played his first tennis tournament in 1950 at the Connecticut State Championships where he reached the final, before losing to Tony Vincent.
In 1951 he won his first singles title at the Northern New England Championships against Clarke Richards. His other career highlights included winning the Massachusetts State Championships five times (1952, 1956, 1959, 1961–1962), the Essex County Invitational five times (1953, 1959, 1963–1964, 1966), the Wentworth Invitation (1954), New England Championships (1956), New Hampshire Championships (1968).
In 1968 he played and won his final singles tournament at the Coral Beach Club Invitation in Hamilton, Bermuda a against John F. Mangan.
References
American male squash players
American male tennis players
Wesleyan University alumni
1926 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Brest, France
American people of Breton descent
French emigrants to the United States |
Yuen Long () is an MTR Light Rail stop in Hong Kong. It is located at ground level underneath Sun Yuen Long Centre in Yuen Long District of the New Territories, and is the northeasternmost Light Rail stop. It is connected to Yuen Long station on the Tuen Ma line.
Station layout
References
External links
MTR Yuen Long Station location map
MTR Light Rail stops
Yuen Long District
Former Kowloon–Canton Railway stations
Railway stations in Hong Kong opened in 1988 |
Regina de Lamo Jiménez (7 September 1870 – 17 November 1947) was a Spanish intellectual, a very versatile activist until the arrival of the Francoist dictatorship in Spain. She was a pianist, teacher of music and singing, writer, journalist, feminist proponent and activist for women's rights, promoter of the cooperative economic model, defender of syndicalism and anarchism, and propagandist. She signed her writings as Regina Lamo Jiménez, Regina de Lamo Ximénez, Regina Lamo de O'Neill, and under the pseudonym Nora Avante.
Biography
Regina de Lamo Jiménez was born on 7 September 1870 in the Andalusian town of Úbeda, Jaén. Her father, Anselmo de Lamo, and her mother, Micaela Jiménez, were liberals and gave their daughter a complete education. To change to a less traditional environment that would allow Regina and her brother, Carlos, to develop with an education more in keeping with the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, they moved to Madrid when she was six years old, in 1876.
As a result of her youth studies, Lamo was awarded the First National Piano Prize at the Madrid Royal Conservatory, and later won the first prize at the Conservatoire de Paris. In Madrid, she met her future husband Enrique O'Neill Acosta, a man who was fifteen years older than she, a widowed father, and a Mexican diplomat with Irish ancestry who worked as a teacher. They married and had two daughters, Carlota O'Neill y Lamo in 1905 and in 1909. After her first years of motherhood which were focused on the babies, Regina resumed her activity in conferences and publications.
During the Spanish Civil War, she worked with Children's Assistance, for the evacuation of the children of the Republican faction. During the war she sought to free her daughter Carlota from prison, as well as her lost granddaughters, while taking care of young Lidia Falcón in Madrid. After the defeat she survived in Barcelona, under the protection of her daughter Enriqueta, writing romance novels under the pseudonym Nora Avante and teaching music, piano, and singing. Among her students was Estrellita Castro. She died in Barcelona on 17 November 1947.
Professional career
Lamo began her professional life as a music and singing teacher, but soon her concern led her to broaden her field of activity to other areas and develop a multidisciplinary career.
She wrote news and essay articles. She was a journalist, rhapsodist, and writer of poetry and theater. In addition, she passionately promulgated birth control and abortion rights, eugenics, euthanasia, and free love. On her feminist side, she was a women's rights activist. She is also known for being a collaborator with Lluís Companys. She is considered a writer of the Generation of '98, recognized after the androcentrist perspective of the time.
She appeared continuously in news stories about social movements in the 1920s and 30s. She was the founder of the first Banco Obrero (Worker's Bank), in Valencia in 1920, and of the Cooperativa Obrera publishing house. Together with Lluís Companys and , she wrote for La Terra magazine.
She traveled continuously throughout the peninsula and to various European countries. She was a speaker at the Regional Congress of Catalonian Cooperatives in 1920, a delegate of the Valencia Popular Credit Cooperative, and the First National Cooperative Congress of 1921, and a participant in the creation of agrarian unions such as (UR) in 1922. As a delegate to the International Labour Organization and the League of Nations, she traveled to Geneva with Clara Campoamor.
Lamo also acted in other areas of interest. Thus, she was co-founder of the Association of Friends of Animals and Plants in Spain. She was ardently in favor of the abolition of bullfighting, and campaigned for the use of breastplates on the horses ridden in these events. At that time the picadors' horses were often gored by bulls, and the unpleasant spectacle was aggravated when, in the same arena, they sewed the horses' intestines back into their abdomens so that the picadors could continue to make use of them.
She collaborated with Hildegart Rodriguez and Irene Falcón at the Marxist feminist publishing house Nosotras. She prefaced Federica Montseny's book Escrits politic and also Las reivindicaciones femeninas by in 1927. She took care to publish the final editions of the works of Rosario de Acuña, a famous writer and companion of her brother Carlos de Lamo Jiménez, of whom she became a good friend.
Selected works
El ensayo ¿Cómo se mide la inteligencia infantil? Ed. Eiocos, 1923
Prologue of Escrits Politics by Federica Montseny, Ed. Luís Romero, Madrid, 1925
La Colegiata, La Novela Roja Collection, No. 4, Ed. Pegaso, 1926
Prologue of Las reivindicaciones femeninas by , 1927
Biografía: El Vals eterno de Juan Strauss, 1942
References
1870 births
1947 deaths
20th-century Spanish women writers
Anarcha-feminists
Spanish cooperative organizers
People from Úbeda
Spanish socialist feminists
Spanish anarchists
Spanish bankers
Spanish editors
Spanish journalists
Spanish music educators
Spanish pianists
Spanish romantic fiction writers
Spanish trade unionists
Spanish women academics
Spanish women editors
Spanish women essayists
Spanish women journalists
Spanish women pianists
Spanish women's rights activists
Women bankers
Women print editors
Spanish women music educators
Feminist musicians
Spanish women trade unionists |
St. Marys is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about west–south–west of Mullingar.
St. Mary's is the sole civil parish in the barony of Brawny in the Province of Leinster. The civil parish covers .
St. Mary's civil parish comprises part of the town of Athlone, the village of Ballykeeran and 62 townlands: Aghacocara, Ankersbower, Ardnaglug, Athlone, Ballygowlan, Ballykeeran, Blyry Lower, Blyry Upper, Bunnahinly, Bunnavally, Cannonsfield, Cappankelly, Carrickobreen, Cartrontroy, Cloghanboy (Cooke), Cloghanboy (Homan), Cloghanboy (Strain), Cloghanboy West, Clonagh, Clonbrusk, Cloonbonny, Cloondalin, Collegeland, Cookanamuck, Coosan, Cornamaddy, Cornamagh, Corralena, Creaghduff, Creaghduff South, Creggan Lower, Creggan Upper, Crosswood, Curragh, Curragh (Mechum), Derries, Friars Island, Garrankesh, Garrycastle, Garrynafela, Goldenisland (St. George), Goldenisland, Goldenisland (Kilmaine), Hillquarter, Kilmacuagh (Castlemaine), Kilmacuagh (Cooke), Kilmacuagh (Mechum), Kilnafaddoge, Kippinstown, Lissywollen, Loughanaskin, Loughandonning, Magheranerla, Meehan, Moydrum (West), Retreat, Srameen, Tullin, Tullycross and
Warrensfields.
The neighbouring civil parishes are: Kilkenny West to the north, Ballyloughloe to the east, Kilcleagh to the south–east and St. Peter's (County Roscommon) to the west.
References
External links
St. Mary's civil parish at the IreAtlas Townland Data Base
St. Mary's civil parish at townlands.ie
St. Mary's civil parish at The Placenames Database of Ireland
Civil parishes of County Westmeath |
Bulbophyllum pallidum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
pallidum |
Mandlate is a Bantu-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Paulo Mandlate (1934–2019), Mozambican Roman Catholic bishop
Fernando Mandlate (), Mozambican basketball player
Bantu-language surnames |
The 2020 Copa Constitució was the 28th edition of the Andorran national football knockout tournament. The opening round of this edition of the cup was played on 19 January 2020 and the final was held on 29 July 2020.
Engordany were the defending champions after winning the final over FC Santa Coloma by a score of 2–0.
On 1 July, 2020, plans were finalized for the Copa Constitució to resume on 26 July 2020 after a long delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra.
Schedule
First round
Eight clubs competed in the first round. The matches were played on 19 January 2020.
|}
Quarter–finals
Eight clubs competed in the quarter–finals. The matches were played from 25 January to 12 February 2020.
|}
Semi–finals
The four quarter–final winners competed in the semi–finals. The matches were played on 26 July 2020.
|}
Final
The final was played on 29 July 2020.
See also
2019–20 Primera Divisió
2019–20 Segona Divisió
External links
UEFA
References
Andorra
Cup
2020 |
Pembroke Township was an area adjoining the city of Dublin, Ireland, formed for local government purposes by private Act of Parliament in 1863. The township took its name from the fact that most of the area was part of the estate of the Earl of Pembroke. It was governed by town commissioners until 1899 when it became an Urban District. In 1930 Pembroke Township was absorbed by the City and County Borough of Dublin.
Composition
The township consisted of a number of distinct areas: Ballsbridge, Donnybrook, Sandymount, Irishtown and Ringsend. The areas varied in nature, with Ringsend being an old fishing village, Irishtown a working-class residential and industrial district, while the remainder of the township contained affluent residential areas. Seven-ninths of the township was part of the Pembroke Estate, and the agent of the estate was an commissioner, the remaining 14 being elected by property owners. The Estate had a great deal of influence on the activities of the commissioners, and also made donations of land for the use of the township. This influence largely ended when a more democratically elected urban district council replaced the commissioners in 1899.
Electoral history
Town Hall
Pembroke Town Hall was built on Merrion Road, Ballsbridge, and opened in 1880. Previously the township offices had been in nearby Ballsbridge Terrace. The town hall later formed the administrative headquarters of the City of Dublin Vocational Education Committee.
Dissolution
Following many years during which proposed amalgamations of Dublin local authorities were discussed, the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930 dissolved Pembroke Urban District and added its area to the functional area of the City of Dublin.
Sources
Dublin's Suburban Towns, Séamas Ó Maitiú, Dublin 2003
External links
History of Pembroke Township
Pembroke Urban District 1880–1930 layer on OpenStreetMap
Dublin Historic Maps: Dublin Townships and Urban Districts, between 1847 and 1930
History of County Dublin
Local government in County Dublin
Former local authorities in the Republic of Ireland
Former urban districts in the Republic of Ireland |
```c++
/*=============================================================================
Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
path_to_url
=============================================================================*/
#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/heap/skew_heap.hpp>
#include "common_heap_tests.hpp"
#include "stable_heap_tests.hpp"
#include "mutable_heap_tests.hpp"
#include "merge_heap_tests.hpp"
template <bool stable, bool constant_time_size, bool store_parent_pointer>
void run_skew_heap_test(void)
{
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<int, boost::heap::stable<stable>,
boost::heap::compare<std::less<int> >,
boost::heap::allocator<std::allocator<int> >,
boost::heap::constant_time_size<constant_time_size>,
boost::heap::store_parent_pointer<store_parent_pointer>
> pri_queue;
BOOST_CONCEPT_ASSERT((boost::heap::PriorityQueue<pri_queue>));
BOOST_CONCEPT_ASSERT((boost::heap::MergablePriorityQueue<pri_queue>));
run_common_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_iterator_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_copyable_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_moveable_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_merge_tests<pri_queue>();
pri_queue_test_ordered_iterators<pri_queue>();
if (stable) {
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<q_tester, boost::heap::stable<stable>,
boost::heap::constant_time_size<constant_time_size>,
boost::heap::store_parent_pointer<store_parent_pointer>
> stable_pri_queue;
run_stable_heap_tests<stable_pri_queue>();
}
}
template <bool stable, bool constant_time_size>
void run_skew_heap_mutable_test(void)
{
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<int, boost::heap::stable<stable>, boost::heap::mutable_<true>,
boost::heap::compare<std::less<int> >,
boost::heap::allocator<std::allocator<int> >,
boost::heap::constant_time_size<constant_time_size>
> pri_queue;
BOOST_CONCEPT_ASSERT((boost::heap::MutablePriorityQueue<pri_queue>));
BOOST_CONCEPT_ASSERT((boost::heap::MergablePriorityQueue<pri_queue>));
run_common_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_iterator_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_copyable_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_moveable_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
run_merge_tests<pri_queue>();
run_mutable_heap_tests<pri_queue >();
run_ordered_iterator_tests<pri_queue>();
if (stable) {
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<q_tester, boost::heap::stable<stable>, boost::heap::mutable_<true>,
boost::heap::constant_time_size<constant_time_size>
> stable_pri_queue;
run_stable_heap_tests<stable_pri_queue>();
}
}
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( skew_heap_test )
{
run_skew_heap_test<false, false, true>();
run_skew_heap_test<false, true, true>();
run_skew_heap_test<true, false, true>();
run_skew_heap_test<true, true, true>();
run_skew_heap_test<false, false, false>();
run_skew_heap_test<false, true, false>();
run_skew_heap_test<true, false, false>();
run_skew_heap_test<true, true, false>();
RUN_EMPLACE_TEST(skew_heap);
}
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( skew_heap_mutable_test )
{
run_skew_heap_mutable_test<false, false>();
run_skew_heap_mutable_test<false, true>();
run_skew_heap_mutable_test<true, false>();
run_skew_heap_mutable_test<true, true>();
}
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( skew_heap_compare_lookup_test )
{
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<int,
boost::heap::compare<less_with_T>,
boost::heap::allocator<std::allocator<int> > > pri_queue;
run_common_heap_tests<pri_queue>();
}
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( skew_heap_leak_test )
{
typedef boost::heap::skew_heap<boost::shared_ptr<int> > pri_queue;
run_leak_check_test<pri_queue>();
}
``` |
Red Windsor is a pale cream English cheddar cheese from Leicestershire, made using pasteurised cow's milk marbled with a wine, often a Bordeaux wine or a blend of port wine and brandy.
Red Windsor is produced by Long Clawson Dairy, based in Long Clawson, Leicestershire.
References
English cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses |
Seyyid Abdulbaki Erol (2 May 1949 – 12 July 2023) was a Turkish Islamic scholar and the leader of the Menzil community, which is one of the largest religious organizations in Turkey. He was born in Menzil village of Kahta district, Adıyaman. He was widely regarded as the 30th descendant or "navel grandson" of Muhammad, and he received his initial education in Arabic and religious sciences at his father's madrasah in their village of Menzil. Subsequently, he pursued further studies in Siirt and Van.
Abdulbaki Erol's father was Seyyid Abdulhakim el-Hüseyni. After his father's death, his brother Seyyid Muhammed Raşid Erol became the leader of the Menzil community. Abdulbaki Erol assumed leadership of the Menzil community following the death of his brother on 22 October 1993.
Death
Abdulbaki Erol died on 12 July 2023, at the age of 74. At the time he had been undergoing treatment for kidney failure at a private hospital in Kurtköy, Pendik. His funeral was conducted in Menzil village, Adıyaman. And was one of the largest funeral attended by 250,000 people.
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed his condolences, stating: "May divine mercy be bestowed upon Seyyid Abdulbaki Elhüseyni, a revered spiritual leader in our nation, who devoted his life to acquiring knowledge, spreading wisdom, and serving the Islamic faith. My heartfelt sympathies go out to his family, friends, and all those who benefited from his teachings. May his final abode be a place of eternal bliss."
References
1949 births
2023 deaths
Turkish religious leaders
Islamic religious leaders
People from Adıyaman Province |
Seyyed Mohammadi Ali Mosavi (; born 1952) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.
Mosavi was born in Qom. He is a member of the 4th, 5th and 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Khodabandeh. Mosavi won with 41,741 (42.94%) votes.
References
People from Qom
Deputies of Khodabandeh
Living people
1952 births
Members of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Members of the 5th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Members of the 4th Islamic Consultative Assembly |
Pan Tadeusz: The Last Foray in Lithuania is a 1999 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It is based on the 1834 eponymous epic poem by Polish poet, writer and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855). As in the poem, conflict between the Soplica and Horeszko families serves as a backdrop for discussion of issues of Polish national unity and the struggle for independence.
Historical background
For 400 years, Lithuania and Poland were united in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, until Poland was partitioned in 1795 by three nations at its borders: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg monarchy (see Partitions of Poland). At that point Poland, a formerly powerful state, simply ceased to exist. Yet one hope remained for the patriotic Poles yearning for autonomy – the First French Empire. Napoleon promised to restore the Polish homeland if Poles, in turn, helped him defeat the Russian Empire. Thousands of Poles were part of the Grande Armée during the French invasion of Russia. The invasion force reached the gates of Moscow before being forced into a long and bloody retreat. The film itself centers on two noble families who live in the Russian-controlled part of Poland: the Horeszko family, who ardently favor Polish independence, and the Soplica family, who support Russia.
Synopsis
Pan Tadeusz is told in flashbacks as the author, Adam Mickiewicz, reads his work to a group of elderly exiles in Paris. The story takes place over the course of five days in 1811 and one day in 1812 in rolling landscapes of Lithuania inhabited by Poles whose homeland has been recently partitioned among Russia, the Austrian Empire and Prussia. Not far off in history looms Napoleon's invasion of Russia, the prospect of which heartens Poles yearning for liberation. But more immediately, the characters in Pan Tadeusz are feuding among themselves.
At odds are two families: the Soplicas and the Horeszkos. Their differences arise from a bloody night when the dashing Jacek Soplica (who was earlier rejected as a suitor for the old Count Horeszko's daughter), takes advantage of a Russian assault on the Count's castle to kill him. At that moment, the Count's faithful warden, Gervazy, vows vengeance for his master's death. Gervazy will not forgive and forget that in 1792, the last household lord of the Horeszkos was killed by Jacek Soplica and as a result, the latter was rewarded with the former's castle by the Russian colonizers.
20 years later, matters remain unresolved. Judge Soplica (Andrzej Seweryn), Jacek Soplica's brother, (who now lives in the castle of Count Horeszko), is locked in a lawsuit over the castle. A relative of the old murdered Count, young Count Horeszko (Marek Kondrat) has just arrived on the scene, as has 20-year-old Tadeusz Soplica (Michał Żebrowski), the Judge's nephew. He is soon smitten with the innocent Zosia (Alicja Bachleda), the teenage ward of his manipulative aunt, Telimena (Grażyna Szapołowska).
Preaching insurrection among the people is Priest Robak (Bogusław Linda), who carries more than a few secrets under his cowl.
Robak informs the Poles who are living in Lithuania that Napoleon is marching against the Russians and will be crossing the nearby Niemen River. Naturally, the Poles get intensely worked up over this news as they abhor their Russian overlords.
In the meantime, aunt Telimena, who is in charge of raising 14-year-old Zosia, begins a relationship with Tadeusz. This relationship does not please the rest of the family who expect Tadeusz to marry Zosia.
More reports arrive of the approach of Napoleon's army. It is said that Polish horsemen are coming with the French and will cross the Niemen. At this time Tadeusz finds out that his father Jacek is still alive and that it was he who sent Priest Robak to his uncle to secure the marriage of Tadeusz and Zosia. Through this marriage, Jacek wishes to make amends for his past sins by restoring the land back to the Count. However, aunt Telimena (who is in love with Tadeusz herself) secretly wishes for Zosia to marry the wealthy Count.
When the Count attends a banquet given by the Soplica's family, Gervazy (the old Count's faithful warden) wreaks havoc by bringing up the old family dispute (namely Jacek Soplica killing old Count Horeszko). The Count and Tadeusz agree to settle their dispute with a duel. Meanwhile, it is revealed to the judge that Father Robak is actually Jacek Soplica. To take vengeance on the Soplica family, the Count and Gervazy head to the village of Dobrzyn to recruit some of the gentry to help destroy them. Vengeance is combined with the goal of starting an insurrection against the Russians. The recruited gentry along with the Count put the Soplicas under house arrest while Gervazy and his forces settle in the castle and make it the headquarters of the Count. The Russian soldiers intervene and capture all the rebels and make them prisoner. Nonetheless, the Soplica's supply weapons and free the rebels, which ultimately allows both Poles and Lithuanians to come together to fight the Russians. In the struggle, Jacek Soplica personally saves the lives of both the Count and Gervazy, for which the two men forgive Jacek Soplica for his past sins. Climactically, the Poles and Lithuanians win the battle, but many will have to leave their homes to avoid the wrath of the Russians.
As news is received that Napoleon has declared war on Russia, the Count and Tadeusz, forgetting their promised duel, head off to join the French troops marching against the Russians. As the story of Pan Tadeusz approaches the end, Count Horeszko and Tadeusz Soplica return as soldier heroes and both families (Soplicas and Horeszkos) celebrate and rejoice in peace as Tadeusz is betrothed to Zosia.
The film ends, as it began, with many of the protagonists, now emigres in Paris, listening to Adam Mickiewicz as he reads from his poem about the homeland to which they cannot return.
Cast
Bogusław Linda (Jacek Soplica [ˈjatsɛk sɔpˈlitsa] alias Priest Robak, Bernardyn, father of Tadeusz Soplica, brother of Judge Soplica)
Michał Żebrowski (Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Soplica [taˈdɛuʃ sɔpˈlitsa], son of Jacek Soplica, 20-year-old nephew of Judge Soplica, in love with Zosia)
Alicja Bachleda-Curuś (Zosia Horeszko [ˈzɔɕa xɔˈrɛʃkɔ], 14-year-old orphan raised by Telimena)
Grażyna Szapołowska (Telimena [tɛliˈmɛna xɔˈrɛʃkɔ], a distant relative of the Soplicas and of the Horeszkos, guardian of Zosia Horeszko)
Andrzej Seweryn (Judge Soplica, younger brother of Jacek Soplica)
Marek Kondrat (Count Horeszko, a distant relative of the Horeszko family and the rightful owner of the castle)
Daniel Olbrychski (Gervazy [gɛrˈvazɘ], the Warden, formerly a servant of the Horeszko family)
Krzysztof Kolberger (Adam Mickiewicz)
Sergey Shakurov (Rykow)
Jerzy Bińczycki (Maciej Królik-Rózeczka)
Jerzy Trela (Podkomorzy)
Jerzy Gralek (Wojski)
Marian Kociniak (Protazy)
Piotr Gąsowski (Rejent)
Andrzej Hudziak (Asesor)
Marek Perepeczko (Maciej Chrzciciel)
Box office performance
Pan Tadeusz was an overwhelming commercial success, but only in its domestic market. With more than 6 million tickets sold to its screenings in Poland, it was significant in allowing for the unprecedented domination of Polish box-office by domestic productions, together with With Fire and Sword, an exception in the history of the late 20th century Polish cinema. Pan Tadeusz did not do what Wajda's other films managed in the past; it was not successful internationally. While Wajda's Neo Realist trilogy of Pokolenie (A Generation) (1954), Kanał (Canal) (1957), and Popiół i diament (Ashes and Diamonds) (1958) was quoted as inspiration by, for instance, Martin Scorsese, and Wajda's diptych, Człowiek z marmuru (Man of Marble) (1976) and Człowiek z żelaza (Man of Iron) (1981), were hailed by Western European critics as among the better films from beyond the Iron Curtain, Pan Tadeusz's success was largely confined to Poland.
Pan Tadeusz played in eastern Europe during the latter half of 1999, featured at the Berlin Film Festival, and endured a limited, albeit financially unsuccessful, run in the US early in 2000.
Soundtrack by Wojciech Kilar
The Polish film composer, Wojciech Kilar, wrote the score for Pan Tadeusz in addition to scores for over 100 films. The film contains a very popular polonaise composed by Kilar. He is better known internationally for his scores in Bram Stoker's Dracula, Death and the Maiden, The Portrait of a Lady, The Pianist, The Truman Show and The Ninth Gate. Kilar is also internationally known for his epic Exodus, which is famous as the trailer music from Schindler's List.
Academy Award submission and awards
Pan Tadeusz was Poland's official Best Foreign Language Film submission at the 72nd Academy Awards, but did not manage to receive a nomination.
Pan Tadeusz did however win awards at The Polish Film: Eagle award 2000. It won Best Film score, Best actress, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, Best Editing and Best Production Design. Andrzej Wajda won a Life Achievement Award at the same ceremony. Wajda also won an honorary Academy Award (Oscar statuette) in the same year for five decades of extraordinary film direction.
References
External links
Pan Tadeusz in New York Times Magazine, January 2000
1999 films
Films directed by Andrzej Wajda
Polish historical films
1990s historical films
1990s Polish-language films
Films based on poems
Films set in Lithuania
Films scored by Wojciech Kilar
Films set in 1792
Films set in 1811
Films set in 1812 |
Loughborough Amherst School, formerly known as Our Lady's Convent School (OLCS), is an independent day and boarding school for girls and boys aged 4 to 18. It is situated in Loughborough, UK.
It is founded on traditional Christian principles and embraces all faiths.
Until August/September 2015, it was run by the Rosminian order. In September 2015, it became subsumed into the Loughborough Endowed Schools, a body which changed its registered name with effect from 19 April 2018 to "Loughborough Schools Foundation". The Rosminian Sisters continue to occupy part of the site. The school buildings are leased by the Rosminians to the Loughborough Schools Foundation.
The main convent building and chapel were designed by renowned Gothic Revival architect, Charles Hansom, and are grade II listed.
A wide variety of GCSE and A Level subjects are offered in the Senior department. As a Catholic school, RS GCSE is compulsory. There is a wide variety of cultural, musical and sporting activities offered as part of the school's co-curricular programme, including Duke of Edinburgh's Award and Combined Cadet Force. As a member of the Loughborough Schools Foundation, Amherst pupils benefit from the Midlands' only 'All Steinway' Music School and extensive sports facilities at the £3.5 million Parkin Sports Centre completed in 2019.
In April 2018, the school announced a new policy of accepting boys into the secondary school from September 2019. This was announced alongside a new name – Loughborough Amherst School. In the same year, Amherst welcomed its first boarders as part of its elite tennis programme, in partnership with Loughborough University National Tennis Academy (LUNTA).
Origins and history
In 1841, Lady Mary Arundell (c. 1785-1845) (widow of Lord Arundell of Wardour) opened a small school for girls in her home Paget House in Woodgate, Loughborough.
Lady Mary asked the Rosminian Sisters of Providence to assist her in this endeavour and two nuns from Italy were sent to Loughborough. On the Solemnity of the Annunciation ("Lady Day") 25 March 1844, the Rosminian sisters took charge of the work, which thus became the first Roman Catholic school in England run by religious sisters.
Mary Amherst (Sister Mary Agnes) (1824-1860) joined the Order in 1846 and came to Loughborough. In 1854, she became the first Superior in England of the Order. Loughborough became the central house of the Rosminian Sisters in England.
Mary was a young lady engaged to the renowned architect Augustus Pugin. Pugin had proposed to Mary in November 1844, shortly after the death of his second wife. Mary had accepted. However, the engagement did not last, for in May 1846 Mary entered the Order of the Rosminian Sisters of Providence. Mary's brother William became a Jesuit. Her brother Francis became Roman Catholic Bishop of Nottingham (1858 to 1879).
A convent was established at Gray Street, Loughborough and the school moved to Gray Street. The convent and chapel were designed by architect Charles Hansom, brother of the inventor of the Hansom cab. Charles was an acolyte of Augustus Pugin.
Alumnae
Alumnae include:
Lydia Rose Bewley (born 1985), actress
Molly Smitten-Downes (born 1987), singer
Sophie Hahn (born 1997), para athlete and former World Champion
References
External links
https://lsf.org/amherst/
Roman Catholic private schools in the Diocese of Nottingham
Grade II listed buildings in Leicestershire
Private schools in Leicestershire
Girls' schools in Leicestershire
Grade II listed educational buildings
Educational institutions established in 1850
1850 establishments in England
Member schools of the Independent Schools Association (UK)
Loughborough |
Otto Funke (October 27, 1828 – August 17, 1879) was a German physiologist born in Chemnitz.
He studied in Leipzig and Heidelberg, and in 1852, he became a lecturer of physiology at the University of Leipzig. In 1853, he became an associate professor to the medical faculty at Leipzig, and in 1860, a professor of physiology at the University of Freiburg. One of his better known students at Leipzig was the physiologist Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering (1834–1918).
In 1851, Otto Funke was the first scientist to successfully crystallize hemoglobin (), which he first called Blutfarbstoff. This work was a precursor to Felix Hoppe-Seyler's important studies of hemoglobin. Funke also performed research of blood formation in the spleen, and investigations into the effects of curare.
Selected publications
Lehrbuch der Physiologie (7. Aufl. von Grünhagen, Hamburg 1884)
Atlas der physiologischen Chemie (Leipzig 1853, 2. Aufl. 1858), Supplement to Carl Lehmann's Lehrbuch der physiologischen Chemie
Kapitel über den Tastsinn und die Gemeingefühle. In: Ludimar Hermann's Handbuch der Physiologie (Bd. 3, Leipzig 1880)
References
A NASA Recipe For Protein Crystallography
Parts of the article are based on an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
1828 births
1879 deaths
People from Chemnitz
German physiologists
Academic staff of the University of Freiburg
Academic staff of Leipzig University |
S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a substrate that is required for the biosynthesis of polyamines including spermidine, spermine, and thermospermine. It is produced by decarboxylation of S-adenosyl methionine.
See also
Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AMD1)
Spermidine synthase
Spermine synthase
Thermospermine synthase (ACAULIS5)
References
Nucleosides
Purines
Organosulfur compounds
Cations |
István Kovács may refer to:
István Kovács (actor) (born 1944), Hungarian actor
István Kovács (boxer) (born 1970), Hungarian Olympic boxer
István Kovács (footballer born 1920), Romanian footballer and manager
István Kovács (footballer, born 1992), Hungarian footballer
István Kovács (high jumper) (born 1973), Hungarian high jumper
István Kovács (politician) (1911–2011), Hungarian Communist politician
István Kovács (referee) (born 1984), Romanian football referee
István Kovács (water polo) (born 1957), Hungarian water polo coach
István Kovács (wrestler) (born 1950), Hungarian Olympic wrestler
See also
István Kováts (1866–1945), Hungarian Lutheran pastor, writer and historian |
Robert Burwell Fulton (December 22, 1910 – February 18, 2015) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1932. RADM Fulton was a survivor of the sinking of USS Houston in 1942 and was subsequently a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese.
References
1910 births
2015 deaths
United States Navy rear admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
American centenarians
Men centenarians
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Navy personnel of World War II |
The Odelouca River () is a river in the Portuguese region of the Algarve. The river is a tributary of the Arade River.
Description
The Odelouca headwater sources are a number of small streams and brooks rising from springs between the Serra de Monchique and the Serra do Caldeirão. The river riparian margins are dense and, at times, lush with vegetation. These woody flanks are populated by Narrow leaf Ash, Willows, Poplar and Alder trees. In the lower reaches of the river can be found Tamarix and Oleander. Many of these riparian zones were lost following the construction of the Odelouca Dam (Barragem de Odelouca). From it headwater sources the river, which flows through the village of São Marcos da Serra, runs for approximately until its confluence with the Arade River west of the town of Silves.
Barragem de Odelouca
Work began in 2002 on a project to dam the river north of its confluence with the Monchique River. The dam was built as to provide public water supplies for the surrounding municipalities. The dam was built in an important area of Algarve ecological and environmental importance and was opposed by the European Economic Community. The overwhelming need for water in the summer by the local population necessitates its construction despite the opposition. As part of agreements to allow construction, Conservation and environmental programmes were implemented to try to lessen the environmental impact of the Dam. The dam was inaugurated and commissioned for service in June 2012. The dam is high and is constructed of earth and forms a lake behind which, when full, is long and at its widest point. The lake holds of water.
Ecological restoration schemes
Following the loss of habitats and environments following the filling of the dam measures have been taken to compensate for the losses. Restoration has been carried out along a stretch of the left bank of the river with the aim of encouraging the population of the endangered Iberian lynx and the Bonelli's eagle. This work also includes the National Centre for the Captive Breeding of the Iberian lynx.
References
Rivers of Portugal
Rivers of the Algarve |
Pireh (, also Romanized as Pīreh; also known as Bīreh) is a village in Sangar Rural District, in the Central District of Faruj County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 27 families.
References
Populated places in Faruj County |
Oberea monticola is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1935. It is known from Borneo.
References
Beetles described in 1935
monticola |
Quadrasiella is a genus of minute, salt marsh snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae.
Species
Species within the genus Quadrisella include:
Quadrasiella clathrata
Quadrasiella mucronata
References
WoRMS entry for the genus
Assimineidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The Tannehill Ironworks is the central feature of Tannehill Ironworks Historical State Park near the unincorporated town of McCalla in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Tannehill Furnace, it was a major supplier of iron for Confederate ordnance. Remains of the old furnaces are located south of Bessemer off Interstate 59/Interstate 20 near the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains. The park includes: the John Wesley Hall Grist Mill; the May Plantation Cotton Gin House; and the Iron & Steel Museum of Alabama.
History
Ironmaking at the site began with construction of a bloomery forge by Daniel Hillman Sr. in 1830. Built by noted southern ironmaster Moses Stroup from 1859 to 1862, the three charcoal blast furnaces at Tannehill could produce 22 tons of pig iron a day, most of which was shipped to the Naval Gun Works and Arsenal at Selma. Furnaces Nos. 2 and 3 were equipped with hot blast stoves and a steam engine. Brown iron ore mines were present two miles (3 km) distant.
The Tannehill furnaces and its adjacent foundry, where kettles and hollow-ware were cast for southern troops, were attacked and burnt by three companies of the U.S. 8th Iowa Cavalry on March 31, 1865 during Wilson's Raid. The ruins remain today as one of the best preserved 19th-century iron furnace sites in the South.
Also known as the Roupes Valley Iron Company, these works had significant influence on the later development of the Birmingham iron and steel industry. An experiment conducted at Tannehill in 1862 proved red iron ore could successfully be used in Alabama blast furnaces. The test, promoted by South & North Railroad developers, led to the location of government-financed ironworks in the immediate Birmingham area (Jefferson County).
Listings
The furnace remains and its reconstructed portions were named an American Society for Metals historical landmark in 1994. The park is an American Battlefield Trust Heritage Site, a stop on the Alabama Appalachian Highlands Birding Trail, and was listed among the top 10 Alabama parks and nature areas visited in 2016.
See also
Birmingham District
Brierfield Furnace
Shelby Ironworks
References
External links
Tannehill Ironworks Historical State Park Alabama Historic Ironworks Commission
Industrial buildings completed in 1862
State parks of Alabama
Ironworks and steel mills in Alabama
National Register of Historic Places in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Alabama in the American Civil War
Protected areas of Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Mountain biking venues in Alabama
Museums in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Wilson's Raid
Industry museums in Alabama
History museums in Alabama
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Blast furnaces in the United States
1862 establishments in Alabama
Historic American Buildings Survey in Alabama
Historic American Engineering Record in Alabama
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places |
Zartech Farms (established 1983) is a large farm based in Ibadan, Nigeria which specialises in poultry farming and meat processing production.
History
In 1983, Raymond Assad Zard started the poultry business in the city of his birth after his father's successful business as a cocoa merchant.
Zartech belongs to the ZARD group of companies which also operates, Kopek Construction Limited, Vina International Limited, Ibadan International School, Sweetco Foods Limited.
References
External links
Sir Ej Farms
Farms in Nigeria
Companies based in Ibadan
1983 establishments in Nigeria
Companies established in 1983
Poultry farming in Nigeria |
Ambassador is in charge of the Embassy of India, Luanda. Pratibha Parkar is the current Ambassador of India to Angola.
The following people have served as Ambassadors of India to Angola.
Ambassador of India to Angola
See also
Embassy of India, Luanda
References
Ambassadors of India to Angola
India
Angola
https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/29373/Srikumar_Menon_appointed_as_the_next_Ambassador_of_India_to_the_Republic_of_Angola |
MFK Nová Baňa is a Slovak football team, based in the town of Nová Baňa. The club was founded in 1912.
References
External links
Official website
Futbalnet profile
Football clubs in Slovakia
Association football clubs established in 1912
MFK Nova Bana |
Lindley is a small town situated on the banks of the Vals River in the eastern region of the Free State province of South Africa. It was named after an American missionary, Daniel Lindley, who was the first ordained minister to the Voortrekkers in Natal.
The settlement of Lindley was laid out in 1875 on the farm Brandhoek and was proclaimed a town in 1878. The main route to the town is the R707. Lindley, together with its neighbouring towns of Reitz, Petrus Steyn and Arlington form the Nketoana Local Municipality.
Lindley has reestablished their proud rugby union in 2016, after having little success since being ranked first in the Free State in 1994.
Doornkloof Farm
Doornkloof Farm is located in the Lindley District and was inhabited by Voortrekker leader, Sarel Cilliers during the Great Trek. Various attractions can be found on the farm, including the farmhouse which was built by Sarel Cilliers himself. There is also a tram track that offers a unique walk through history of the farm.
History
Leghoya huts
Leghoya huts or Sedan Beehive stone huts belonged to the first primitive mining people who came to the Rand but they are also found in several towns in the Lindley District including Heilbron and Arlington. Because of the materials used to build these huts, great skill was required, especially when dealing with the roof. The architecture used to create these huts was unique and could be compared to that of the Inuit. They set the scene for the passing of the Stone Age in the Free State.
The Lindley Affair
The Lindley affair was a controversial and embarrassing event (for the British) of the Boer War. The 13th battalion of the Imperial Yeomanry led by Col Basil Spragge departed by rail to join Gen Henry Edward Colvile's column. Owing to the delays in supplying the Spragge’s battalion with forage, it was not possible for Spragge to join Colvile. Instead his battalion proceeded to Kroonstad where it arrived on 25 May. The route taken caused a division in the battalion: The 47th Company forded the Sand River since the railway bridge was destroyed and marched to Kroonstad, while the 45th, 46th and 54th Companies, departing a day later, crossed the river via the deviation bridge and proceeded directly by rail to Kroonstad.
Spragge, was handed a telegram, the origins of which are still a mystery. Spragge told the Court of Inquiry which investigated the Lindley affair: "I was shown a telegram to the Commandant Kroonstad from General Colvile directing me to join him with my regiment at Lindley”. Colvile denied ever having sent the telegram. It is possible that the Boers had tapped the telegraph lines and sent a bogus message to lure the Imperial Yeomanry into an ambush. It is more likely that bad staff work by British headquarters who issued the order to Spragge but did not tell Colvile. Spragg’s battalion marched at dawn on the 26th and that afternoon met a party of armed Boers. The Boers claimed to be going to Kroonstad to surrender and Spragge naively disarmed them, invited them to lunch and then allowed them to proceed. The Boers promptly returned to Lindley with useful intelligence. Private Maurice Fitzgibbon of the Dublin company, son of one of Ireland's most senior judges, recalled: "The scouts of the Boer commandos at Lindley had been permitted to enter our lines to find out our numbers, our armaments and the amount of our supplies, had even had lunch with us and all this information and hospitality at the expense of a few out-of-date rifles and a few perjured oaths."
The 13th battalion of the Imperial Yeomanry marched into Lindley and came under rifle fire from the Boers. Spragg’s men moved from the town to positions on koppies outside the town. After two days the Boers brought concentrated artillery fire to bear on both the koppies.
Between the two koppies was a small post of a few men, one of whom decided to wave a white flag in surrender. This man was shot by his comrades. With the southern koppie already in Boer hands, the officer in charge, under the mistaken notion that he was bound by the white flag of his subordinate, ordered a ceasefire. The remainder of the British position became untenable. Seeing the futility of further effort, Spragge also surrendered. Lord Longford, with the 45th Company to the north, and Capt Maude, with the 46th Company in the west, held out for a little longer but they too finally surrendered to Boer commander Piet de Wet, the brother of Christiaan de Wet. All firing ceased at about 2.00pm.The British casualties during the five days' fighting amounted to 80, of whom 23 were fatal. Piet de Wet bagged 530 men, including Spragge, Lord Longford, Lords Ennismore, Leitrim and Donoughmore (and the future Lord Craigavon) who were marched off to the eastern Transvaal northwards.
The skirmish of Leeuwkop and Bakenkop
Following British Major-General, Paget's, success in the Free State, Boer General, Christiaan de Wet retired to Leeuwkop, a rocky hill about ten kilometres to the south-east of Lindley where he established a new defensive position along a ridge line running north-east, which had Bakenkop as its most prominent feature.
On 3 July Paget moved his infantry and two guns into the intervening valley towards Leeuwkop, while sending 800 of his mounted troops with six guns against Bakenkop on the left. The commander of the latter detachment, Colonel A.M. Brookfield, took his men onto a ridge 4 000 metres from his objective and returned fire on the five Boer guns which had begun to engage him.
During the ensuing conflict, an artillery officer managed to mount a horse and gallop to the rear. He came upon a detachment of South Australians, under captain A.E.M. Norton, who had been ordered to retire. These he led back to the ridge line just in time to prevent the Boers from carrying away the captured guns. When confronted with the Australians' fire, the burghers promptly retreated taking some of the captured gunners with them as prisoners. The enemy party attacking the left gun section also broke contact and withdrew. In the meantime Paget had seized Leeuwkop and was now able to direct flanking fire from his guns against the Boer artillery. De Wet soon abandoned Bakenkop and made off towards Bethlehem.
During the short but sharp battle, Major Rose and about a dozen South Australians were wounded. The Tasmanian squadron, having been kept on other duty near Lindley, did not join in the fighting until the action was in its final stages with the Boers already driven off.
Leeuwkop and Bakenkop Monument
On 13 March 2017, an Anglo-Boer War memorial honouring the dead, on both sides, was unveiled outside Lindley on a farm between Leeuwkop and Bakenkop. The monument was unveiled by historian/researcher, Dr Stimson, in honour of his grandfather, Captain A.E.M Norton, who was involved in the skirmish.
Tourist attractions
Tourist attractions in Lindley include:
a British memorial in the local cemetery to British soldiers who died on 31 May 1900 at Yeomanry Hills during the siege of Lindley,
prehistoric stone huts of the original inhabitants of the area as well as
a miniature replica of the Dutch Reformed Church that was erected in 1928 in memory of those who died during the Second Anglo-Boer War.
Notable people
Stella Blakemore, popular youth author in Afrikaans, who wrote series such as Maasdorp and Keurboslaan, was born in Lindley in 1906.
Danie Craven, the famous Springbok Rugby Union player, administrator and coach was born in this town on 11 October 1910.
General C.H. Olivier member of the Uitvoerende Raad (executive council) of the Orange Free State and signatory of the Treaty of Vereeniging that ended the Second Boer War.
See also
Second Boer War
Anglo-Boer War Museum
References
External links
freestatetourism.org
riemlandroute.co.za
Great Trek
Monuments and memorials in South Africa
Second Boer War memorials in South Africa
Populated places established in 1875
Populated places in the Nketoana Local Municipality
Second Boer War
Stone Age |
The Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) specification defines a set of document types for authoring and organizing topic-oriented information, as well as a set of mechanisms for combining, extending, and constraining document types. It is an open standard that is defined and maintained by the OASIS DITA Technical Committee.
The name derives from the following components:
Darwin: it uses the principles of specialization and inheritance, which is in some ways analogous to the naturalist Charles Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation,
Information Typing: which means each topic has a defined primary objective (procedure, glossary entry, troubleshooting information) and structure,
Architecture: DITA is an extensible set of structures.
Features and limitations
Content reuse
Topics are the foundation for content reuse, and can be reused across multiple publications. Fragments of content within topics can be reused through the use of content references (conref or conkeyref), a transclusion mechanism.
Information typing
The latest version of DITA (DITA 1.3) includes five specialized topic types: Task, Concept, Reference, Glossary Entry, and Troubleshooting. Each of these five topic types is a specialization of a generic Topic type, which contains a title element, a prolog element for metadata, and a body element. The body element contains paragraph, table, and list elements, similar to HTML.
A Task topic is intended for a procedure that describes how to accomplish a task. It lists a series of steps that users follow to produce an intended outcome. The steps are contained in a taskbody element, which is a specialization of the generic body element. The steps element is a specialization of an ordered list element.
Concept information is more objective, containing definitions, rules, and guidelines.
A Reference topic is for topics that describe command syntax, programming instructions, and other reference material, and usually contains detailed, factual material.
A Glossary Entry topic is used for defining a single sense of a given term. In addition to identifying the term and providing a definition, this topic type might also have basic terminology information, along with any acronyms or acronym expansions that may apply to the term.
The Troubleshooting topic describes a condition that the reader may want to correct, followed by one or more descriptions of its cause and suggested remedies.
Maps
A DITA map is a container for topics used to transform a collection of content into a publication. It gives the topics sequence and structure. A map can include relationship tables (reltables) that define hyperlinks between topics. Maps can be nested: they can reference topics or other maps, and can contain a variety of content types and metadata.
Metadata
DITA includes extensive metadata elements and attributes, both at topic level and within elements. Conditional text allows filtering or styling content based on attributes for audience, platform, product, and other properties. The conditional processing profile ( file) is used to identify which values are to be used for conditional processing.
Specialization
DITA allows adding new elements and attributes through specialization of base DITA elements and attributes. Through specialization, DITA can accommodate new topic types, element types, and attributes as needed for specific industries or companies. Specializations of DITA for specific industries, such as the semiconductor industry, are standardized through OASIS technical committees or subcommittees. Many organizations using DITA also develop their own specializations.
The extensibility of DITA permits organizations to specialize DITA by defining specific information structures and still use standard tools to work with them. The ability to define company-specific information architectures enables companies to use DITA to enrich content with metadata that is meaningful to them, and to enforce company-specific rules on document structure.
Topic orientation
DITA content is created as topics, each an individual XML file. Typically, each topic covers a specific subject with a singular purpose, for example, a conceptual topic that provides an overview, or a procedural topic that explains how to accomplish a task. Content should be structured to resemble the file structure in which it is contained.
Creating content in DITA
DITA map and topic documents are XML files. As with HTML, any images, video files, or other files that must appear in the output are inserted via reference. Any XML editor or even text editor can be used to write DITA content, depending on the level of support required while authoring. Aids to authoring featured in specialized editors include WYSIWYG preview rendering, validation, and integration with a DITA processor, like DITA-OT or ditac.
Publishing content written in DITA
DITA is designed as an end-to-end architecture. In addition to indicating what elements, attributes, and rules are part of the DITA language, the DITA specification includes rules for publishing DITA content in HTML, online Help, print, Content Delivery Platform and other formats.
For example, the DITA specification indicates that if the conref attribute of element A contains a path to element B, the contents of element B will display in the location of element A. DITA-compliant publishing solutions, known as DITA processors, must handle the conref attribute according to the specified behaviour. Rules also exist for processing other rich features such as conditional text, index markers, and topic-to-topic links. Applications that transform DITA content into other formats, and meet the DITA specification's requirements for interpreting DITA markup, are known as DITA processors.
Localization
DITA provides support for translation via the localisation attribute group. Element attributes can be set to indicate whether the content of the element should be translated. The language of the element content can be specified, as can the writing direction, the index filtering and some terms that are injected when publishing to the final format. A DITA project can be converted to an XLIFF file and back into its original maps and topics, using the DITA-XLIFF Roundtrip Tool for DITA-OT and computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools, like Swordfish Translation Editor or Fluenta DITA Translation Manager, a tool designed to implement the translation workflow suggested by the article "Using XLIFF to Translate DITA Projects" published by the DITA Adoption TC at OASIS.
History
The DITA standard is maintained by OASIS. The latest (current) version is 1.3, approved December 2015. An errata document for DITA 1.3 was approved in June 2018.
March 2001 Introduction by IBM of the core DTD and XML Schema grammar files and introductory material
April 2004 OASIS DITA Technical Committee formed
February 2005 IBM contributes the original DITA Open Toolkit project to SourceForge; though regularly confused with the DITA standard, DITA-OT is not affiliated with the OASIS DITA Technical Committee
June 2005 DITA v1.0 approved as an OASIS standard
August 2007 DITA V1.1 is approved by OASIS; major features include:
Bookmap specialization
Formal definition of DITAVAL syntax for content filtering
December 2010 DITA V1.2 is approved by OASIS; major features include:
Indirect linking with keys
New content reuse features
Enhanced glossary support, including acronyms
New industry specializations (Training, Machinery)
New support for controlled values / taxonomies (Subject Scheme specialization)
17 December 2015, DITA V1.3 is approved by OASIS; major features include:
Specification now delivered in three packages: Base, Technical content, and All Inclusive (with Learning and Training)
New troubleshooting topic type
Ability to use scoped keys
New domains to support MathML, equations, and SVG
Adds Relax NG XML syntax as the normative grammar for DITA
25 October 2016, DITA V1.3 Errata 01 is approved by OASIS
19 June 2018, DITA V1.3 Errata 02 is approved by OASIS
Code samples
Ditamap file (table of contents) sample
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE map PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Map//EN" "map.dtd">
<map id="map" xml:lang="en">
<topicref format="dita" href="sample.dita" navtitle="Sample" type="topic"/>
</map>
Hello World (topic DTD)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE topic PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Topic//EN" "topic.dtd">
<topic xml:lang="en" id="sample">
<title>Sample</title>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body>
</topic>
.ditaval file sample (for conditionalizing text)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<val>
<prop att="audience" val="novice" action="include" />
<prop att="audience" val="expert" action="exclude" />
</val>
Example of conditionalized text:
<p>
This is information useful for all audiences.
</p>
<p audience="novice">
This is information useful for a novice audience.
</p>
<p audience="expert">
This is information useful for an expert audience.
</p>
Implementations
See also
Comparison of document markup languages
List of document markup languages
References
External links
DITA 1.3 specifications
DITA.XML.org forum
DITA demonstration set to download on GitHub
Learning DITA - set of tutorials to learn DITA on one's own
DITA Self Service Portal
GitHub repository with sample DITA files
Document-centric XML-based standards
Markup languages
Technical communication
XML
XML-based standards
Open formats |
Badminton at the 2021 Summer Deaflympics was held in Caxias Do Sul, Brazil from 2 to 11 May 2022.
Medal summary
Medalists
Results
References
External links
Deaflympics 2021
2021 Summer Deaflympics
Deaflympics
Deaflympics |
, also spelled or Ik Oankaar (Gurmukhi: or ; ); literally, "one Om", hence interpreted as "There is only one God or one Creator") is a phrase in Sikhism that denotes the one supreme reality. It is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy.
are the first words of the Mul Mantar and also the opening words of the Sikh holy scripture Guru Granth Sahib. The first symbol "ik" is actually not a word but the Punjabi symbol for the number 1.
() is interpreted as "one and only one, who cannot be compared or contrasted with any other", the "unmanifest, Lord in power, the holy word, the primal manifestation of the Godhead by which and in which all live, move and have their being and by which all find a way back to Absolute God, the Supreme Reality."
has a distinct spelling in the Gurmukhi script and the phrase is found in many Sikh religious scriptures and inscribed in places of worship such as gurdwaras.
In Mul Mantar
is also the opening phrase of the Mul Mantar, present as opening phrase in the Guru Granth Sahib, and the first composition of Guru Nanak and the final salok is by Guru Angad. Further, the Mul Mantar is also at the beginning of the Japji Sahib, followed by 38 hymns and a final Salok by Guru Angad at the end of this composition.
Description
is the statement of oneness in Sikhism, that is 'there is one God'.
According to Wendy Doniger, the phrase is a compound of ("one" in Punjabi) and , canonically understood in Sikhism to refer to "absolute monotheistic unity of God". Etymologically, the word denotes the sacred sound "om" or the absolute in a number of Indian religions. Nevertheless, Sikhs give it an entirely different meaning. Pashaura Singh writes that "the meaning of Oankar in the Sikh tradition is quite different in certain respects from the various interpretations of this word in the Indian philosophical traditions", and the Sikhs "rather view Oankar as pointing to the distinctively Sikh theological emphasis on the ineffable quality of God, who is described as 'the Person beyond time,' the Eternal One, or 'the One without form'." is, according to Wazir Singh, a "variation of Om (Aum) of the ancient Indian scriptures (with a slight change in its orthography), implying the seed-force that evolves as the universe." Guru Nanak wrote a poem entitled Oankar in which, states Doniger, he "attributed the origin and sense of speech to the Divinity, who is thus the Om-maker".
Pashaura Singh goes on to state,
He also considers the process of reification of the concept of as having begun with the writings of Guru Nanak and Guru Arjan themselves, with the numeral ੧ (one) as emphasizing the unity of Akal Purakh in monotheistic terms.
Other common terms for the one supreme reality alongside , dating from the Gurus' time include the most commonly used term, Akal Purakh, "Eternal One," in the sense of Nirankar, "the One without form," and Waheguru ("Wonderful Sovereign").
Depictions
In 2019, Air India launched a direct flight from London to Amritsar with the phrase printed in golden colour with a red background, on the tail of a Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The plane was launched ahead of and in honour of the 550th anniversary of Guru Nanak’s birth.
See also
Tawhid
Waheguru
Om
References
External links
Discussion On Ek Onkar Translation
Fast facts on sikhism and Ik Onkar
Religious Studies Ik Onkar
Shabda
Sikh symbols
Singular God
Names of God in Sikhism
Sikh terminology |
René Antonsen (born 4 March 1992) is a Danish handball player for Aalborg Håndbold and the Danish national team.
He made international debut on the Danish national team on 12 June 2019, against Ukraine.
Achievements
EHF Champions League:
Runner-up: 2021
Håndboldligaen:
Winner: 2013, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021
Runner-up: 2022, 2023
Danish Cup:
Winner: 2019, 2021
Danish Super Cup:
Winner: 2019, 2020, 2021
References
1992 births
Living people
People from Vesthimmerland Municipality
Danish male handball players
Aalborg Håndbold players
Handball players from the North Jutland Region |
Diuris tinctoria, commonly known as sandplain donkey orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has two or three linear to lance-shaped leaves and two to five pale yellow flowers suffused with light brown.
Description
Diuris tinctoria is a tuberous, perennial herb with two or three linear to lance-shaped leaves long and wide. Between two and five pale yellow flowers suffused with light brown, wide are borne on a flowering stem high. The dorsal sepal is reddish-brown, elliptic, long and wide with irregular teeth on the edges, the lateral sepals narrowly oblong to sword-shaped, parallel or crossed, long and wide. The petal blades are oblong to egg-shaped, long and wide on a stalk long. The labellum is long with three lobes - the centre lobe wedge-shaped, long and wide, the side lobes spread widely apart and oblong to egg-shaped, long and wide. There is a single smooth, yellow callus ridge long with dark reddish-brown edges, along the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from early September to October.
Taxonomy and naming
Diuris tinctoria was first formally described in 2016 by David Jones and Christopher J. French in Australian Orchid Review, from a specimen collected near Yabberup in the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in 1997. The specific epithet (tinctoria) means "tinged" or "dyed", referring to the colour patterns of the flowers.
Distribution and habitat
Sandplain donkey orchid grows in woodland and forest in sand over limestone, from Lake Clifton to Bunbury in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.
Conservation
Diuris tinctoria is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
References
tinctoria
Endemic orchids of Australia
Orchids of Western Australia
Plants described in 2016
Taxa named by David L. Jones (botanist)
Endemic flora of Western Australia |
The Mount Timolan Protected Landscape is a protected area covering Mount Timolan and its surrounding forested landscape in the region of Zamboanga Peninsula on Mindanao in the Philippines. The park encompasses an area of and a buffer zone of in the municipalities of San Miguel, Guipos and Tigbao in the province of Zamboanga del Sur. It was established on 14 August 2000 through Proclamation Order No. 354 issued by President Joseph Estrada. The park was also earlier established by the provincial government of Zamboanga del Sur as a provincial park and wildlife sanctuary known as the Zamboanga del Sur Provincial Park through Provincial Ordinance No. 3 in 1992.
Description
The protected landscape is an important watershed of several river systems supporting irrigation for the surrounding rice paddies and lowland communities. It spans six barangays or rural villages in Tigbao namely, New Tuburan, Timolan, Upper Nilo, Maragang, Limas and Guinling, and one each in San Miguel and Guipos municipalities namely, Dumalinao and Datagan, respectively. The park is characterized by steep slopes and dividing ridges, with rolling to moderately undulating topography. Lowland forests cover eighty percent (80%) of the landscape with the remaining areas consisting of secondary grassland. The headwaters of the Dinas and Labangan rivers are found here, and is also crossed by the Limonan, Lapuyan and Kumalarang rivers. The park also contains several streams and freshwater lakes, including Lake Timolan which has been transformed into a marshy area.
Mount Timolan
Mount Timolan is a semi-conical mountain in New Tuburan and Timolan in Tigbao rising to above sea level.
It is considered the highest peak in the province situated in the Zamboanga Cordillera mountain range that runs north to south between the provinces of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay in the Mindanao peninsula of Zamboanga. Located some inland from the provincial capital city of Pagadian just to the south of Mount Sugarloaf, the top of the mountain has a crater lake known as Lake Maragang.
Biodiversity
Mount Timolan's landscape area is composed of 80% natural dipterocarp forests, as well 7% man-made forest plantation of gmelina and acacia. In the open bushland grow cogon grass and other species of family Graminae. It is an important bird area being home to the Philippine eagle, Philippine cockatoo, Philippine hawk eagle, brahminy kite, hornbill kite, wild ducks, pigeons, fruit doves, and jungle owls. It is also a habitat of the Philippine tarsier, Philippine warty pig, Asian palm civet cat (also known as alamid), Philippine pygmy squirrel, Philippine tree squirrel, and reptiles such as the Philippine sailfin lizard, water monitor, snakes and geckos.
References
Protected landscapes of the Philippines
Geography of Zamboanga del Sur
Protected areas established in 2000
2000 establishments in the Philippines |
Grigory Mikhailovich Levin (; 10 January 1902 26 January 1983) was a Soviet Army colonel and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Levin served as a Red Army officer in the late 1920s and fought in the Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929. He was demobilized in 1932 and worked as a statistician. Levin was called up again after the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He served with the 385th Rifle Division and the 354th Rifle Division, in which he led a regiment. He was seriously wounded in January 1944 and upon recovery became a regimental commander in the 37th Guards Rifle Division. Levin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his leadership of the regiment in the Battle of Berlin. Levin retired from the army in 1954 and became chairman of the Altai Krai DOSAAF.
Early life and Interwar
Levin was born on 10 January 1902 to a peasant family of Russian ethnicity in the village of Antsir in Yeniseysk Governorate. He graduated from seven classes in 1919. Levin was drafted into the Red Army in 1921. In December 1922, he graduated from the 26th Krasnoyarsk Infantry School. He became a junior commander in the 3rd Shock Regiment of the Pacific Corps at Vladivostok. In 1923, Levin entered the Vladivostok Infantry School, graduating in 1926. He became a platoon commander and machine gun company commander in the 76th Rifle Regiment of the 26th Rifle Division at Nikolsk-Ussurisky. He fought in the Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929. Levin was demobilized in April 1932.
Levin lived in Nikolsk-Ussurisky for a short period. He worked as a statistician at the Oil and Fat Industry Trust. From August 1932 to January 1935, he lived in Barnaul, where he worked at the Locomotive-Car Repair Plant. Levin moved to Chirchiq, where he worked at the Chirchiqstroy Construction Trust.
World War II
Levin was called up on 5 September 1941. He fought in combat from November. Levin became assistant chief of logistics for the 1266th Rifle Regiment of the 385th Rifle Division. He became a battalion commander in the regiment, commander of the 1270th Rifle Regiment in the division, battalion commander in the 1268th Rifle Regiment, commander of the 1266th Rifle Regiment, and lastly became a battalion commander in the 1268th Rifle Regiment again. Between February and September 1942 Levin served with the division during the Battles of Rzhev. In September he was sent to the Vystrel courses. After completing the courses in December he became commander of the 1201st Rifle Regiment of the 354th Rifle Division.
The division was part of the 20th Army, in the Rzhev-Vyazma sector. In 1943, Levin became a Communist Party of the Soviet Union member. In February 1943, the division was transferred to the Central Front in the area of Komarichi. During March, the division fought in heavy fighting to take the village, but was repulsed. On 29 May 1943, Levin was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky for his actions. During the summer of 1943 the division defended positions in the Kursk Bulge, but was not directly involved in the Battle of Kursk. In August the division was transferred south of Sevsk. Between 26 August and 30 September, Levin fought in the Chernigov-Pripyat Offensive. During the offensive, the division advanced west through Bryansk Oblast, Sumy Oblast, and Chernigov Oblast. The division crossed the Sev River, Desna River, Snov River, and the Sozh River. In October, the division crossed the Dnieper near Loyew.
From 10 to 30 November, the division fought in the Gomel-Rechitsa Offensive. The division advanced northwest, ending the operation on the line of Ozarichi and Parichi. From 8 January Levin fought in the Kalinkovichi-Mozyr Offensive. The division broke through German defenses, captured Kalinkovichi, and eliminated German troops around Ozarichi. On 20 January the division captured Ozarichi. On the same day Levin was seriously wounded and sent to the hospital. For his actions Levin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on 5 March 1944.
After recovering in May 1944, Levin became commander of the 37th Guards Rifle Division's 109th Guards Rifle Regiment. He led the regiment in Operation Bagration in the summer of 1944. Between 24 and 29 June, the division fought in the Bobruysk Offensive. On 28 June the division captured Osipovichi. Baranovichi was captured on 8 July, and Slonim two days later. On 15 July Levin received a second Order of the Red Banner. From 18 July, the division fought in the Lublin–Brest Offensive. On 21 July the division reached the Polish border and crossed the Western Bug. Until the end of August the division fought in the area between the Western Bug and the Narew. In early September the division crossed the Narew at Pułtusk. Until January 1945 the division fought to expand the bridgehead. On 7 December 1944 Levin was awarded the Order of Suvorov 3rd class.
From 14 January 1945, the division fought in the Mlawa-Elbing Offensive. The division advanced out of the bridgehead towards Graudenz and Bromberg. The division fought in the East Prussian Offensive from 10 February. The division captured Graudenz on 6 March. After crossing the Schwarzwasser River, the division reached the Danzig approaches. From 26 March, Levin and his regiment fought in the storming of Danzig, which was captured after heavy fighting four days later. On 6 April the army began a march to the west towards Stettin, reaching the Oder on 13 April. From 16 April, Levin fought in the Berlin Offensive. Between 14 and 19 April Levin organized the construction of equipment necessary to cross the Oder, according to division commander Kuzma Grebennik. The regiment crossed the river on the night of 19 to 20 April. The regiment's assault battalion held the bridgehead against heavy artillery and mortar fire as well as counterattacks in marshy ground which made digging it difficult. In the morning, the rest of the regiment crossed and captured a brick factory. By the end of the day the regiment was on the Berlin-Stettin Highway. From 20 to 22 April the regiment was reported by Grebennik to have repulsed 26 counterattacks. On 29 June 1945 Levin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin for his actions.
Postwar
Levin retired from the Soviet Army in 1954. He lived in Chirchiq and then Barnaul. He became chairman of DOSAAF in Altai Krai. Levin died on 26 January 1983.
References
1902 births
1983 deaths
People from Krasnoyarsk Krai
People from Yeniseysk Governorate
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Soviet colonels
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Alexander Nevsky |
The 2012 LET Access Series was a series of professional women's golf tournaments held from March through November 2012 across Europe. The LET Access Series is the second-tier women's professional golf tour in Europe and is the official developmental tour of the Ladies European Tour.
Tournament results
The table below shows the 2012 schedule. The numbers in brackets after the winners' names show the number of career wins they had on the LET Access Series up to and including that event.
Order of Merit rankings
The top three players on the Order of Merit earned LET membership for the Ladies European Tour. Players finishing in positions 4–20 got to skip the first stage of the qualifying event and automatically progress to the final stage of the Lalla Aicha Tour School.
See also
2012 Ladies European Tour
2012 in golf
References
External links
LET Access Series seasons
LET Access Series
LET Access Series |
Llazar is an Albanian masculine given name and may refer to:
Llazar Fundo (1899–1944), Albanian communist, social-democrat, journalist and writer
Lazër Mjeda (1869–1935), Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
Llazar Siliqi (1924–2001), Albanian poet
Llazar Treska (????–19??), Albanian politician and former mayor of Tirana
Albanian masculine given names
Masculine given names |
Selim Gündüz (born 16 May 1994) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Turkish club Ankara Keçiörengücü.
Career
On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, Gündüz joined 2. Bundesliga side Darmstadt 98 from league rivals VfL Bochum having agreed a season-long contract. His one-year contract was not extended after relegation in spring 2019.
Gündüz then received a contract valid until June 2020 at KFC Uerdingen 05. Until matchday 11, he was regularly utilised in midfield and on the right wing, but was then demoted to the bench until the end of the season. The club did not renew his expiring contract. For the following season, Gündüz remained in the 3. Liga and signed a one-year contract with Hallescher FC, which was then terminated in mid-March 2021 due to personal reasons.
On 22 December 2021, Gündüz joined Alemannia Aachen on a free transfer after nearly a month of training with the club.
Career statistics
References
External links
1994 births
Sportspeople from Siegen
Footballers from Arnsberg (region)
German sportspeople of Turkish descent
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders
VfL Bochum players
VfL Bochum II players
SV Darmstadt 98 players
KFC Uerdingen 05 players
Hallescher FC players
Alemannia Aachen players
Ankara Keçiörengücü S.K. footballers
Regionalliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
German expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
German expatriate sportspeople in Turkey |
The Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) was developed by Bell Labs in Columbus, Ohio to replace traditional cord switchboards. The first TSPS was deployed in Morristown, New Jersey in 1969 and used the Stored Program Control-1A CPU, "Piggyback" twistor memory (a proprietary technology developed by Bell Labs similar to core memory) and Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor solid state memory devices similar to dynamic random access memory.
Features
The TSPS system utilized special analog trunks that originated at Class 5 end office circuit switch systems and Class 4 toll access circuit switch systems that were connected to Class 3 primary toll circuit switch systems such as the 4A-ETS/PBC and 4ESS switch systems. The TSPS system did not perform switching between the originating end office switch and the toll switch for the subscriber voice path.
The TSPS system included the "Remote Trunking Arrangement" (RTA) feature that consolidated the trunk connection at the originating switch and provided a switched connection to a telephone operator only as required for a short duration at the beginning of a call to obtain billing information or at the end of a call in which the caller requested "time and charges".
The TSPS system provided a temporary switched connection to a toll operator who helped facilitate calls requiring human assistance such as person-to-person, collect, third-party-billed, and hotel billing. The TSPS system supported up to seven "Chief Operator Groups" (COGs) with each COG supporting up to 31 operator consoles. Operator consoles initially used nixie tube displays that were quickly replaced by light-emitting diode displays due to reliability issues.
The TSPS system was replaced by the Operator Service Position System (OSPS) feature package developed for the 5ESS switching system. During the era of TSPS systems, calls to mobile and marine radiotelephone customers were initially handled by operators at a Special Operator Service Treatment cord switchboard. Operator assisted calls to international destinations were handled by "Code 10" and "Code 11" operators generally co-located at special gateway international switching systems.
Hotel Billing Information System
The TSPS system included the Hotel Billing Information System (HoBIS) special feature to provide automated billing of long-distance calls from hotel front desks so guests could be charged for calls made almost immediately prior to their departure. Private Teletype data links were provisioned to large hotels that subscribed to this service.
Automated Coin Toll System
Debuted in Phoenix, Arizona in 1977 the Automated Coin Toll System (ACTS) was an addition to TSPS which provided an automated way to perform charge advisory and toll collection of coin paid calls, reducing the need for operator involvement. The ACTS sub-system handled the automated voice announcements, e.g. "Please deposit five cents for the next three minutes" (initially voiced by Jane Barbe , and later Pat Fleet), and worked with TSPS for coin deposit (start of call) coin collection/coin return (at end of call).
References
External links
AT&T Archives - TSPS Operator Recruiting Film
1977 Bell System commercial ending with TSPS operator From YouTube.
ATIS definition
Telephone World - AT&T Automated Coin Toll System
TSPS definition 47CFR part 67 Appendix
, Amos E. Joel, Jr., Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ
, Richard Orriss, Bell Laboratories Columbus, OH
, Douglas C. Dowden, Bell Laboratories, Columbus, OH
History of the telephone |
```smalltalk
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
// General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following
// set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information
// associated with an assembly.
[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
// Setting ComVisible to false makes the types in this assembly not visible
// to COM components. If you need to access a type in this assembly from
// COM, set the ComVisible attribute to true on that type.
[assembly: ComVisible(false)]
// The following GUID is for the ID of the typelib if this project is exposed to COM
[assembly: Guid("e9557798-3499-4726-bcb7-5eb7cb4b33e7")]
``` |
Band of Skulls are an English rock band from Southampton, consisting of Russell Marsden (guitar, vocals) and Emma Richardson (bass, vocals); Matt Hayward (drums; 2002–2016) was previously a member. The group formed after meeting in college, although Marsden and Hayward have been friends since high school. Band of Skulls have released five studio albums, their most recent being Love Is All You Love in April 2019. In November 2022, Russell Marsden took to Instagram to inform fans that Emma Richardson will leave the band to pursue a full-time painting career.
History
Initially, the group played at night clubs in the Greater London area and recorded some demos under the name of 'Fleeing New York' before changing their name briefly to 'Skulls'. Summer of 2008 found the band in the USA where there was already an American band with the same name. In November 2008 they became ' Band of Skulls '. The band's original demos were recorded in Hayward's father's shed-studio.
Band of Skulls' debut album Baby Darling Doll Face Honey, distributed by Shangri-La Music, was released exclusively on the iTunes Store on 6 March 2009, followed by a general release on 20 March. The track "I Know What I Am" was chosen as iTunes' free Single of the Week to coincide with the digital release. The song was also featured in the soundtrack for TV series Friday Night Lights, Volume 2, which was released on 4 May 2010. The song also appeared in Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock. Another track that was not actually on the album, "Friends", was included on The Twilight Saga: New Moon soundtrack in November 2009.
On 23 March 2010, Band of Skulls released Friends EP, which includes the studio-recorded version of "Friends", a live version, and a music video of the song.
Band of Skulls played at the SXSW Festival in early 2010 and toured the Midwest in March in support of Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. The band appeared on the French TV show Taratata broadcast in March 2010, where they covered the song "Sympathy for the Devil" by The Rolling Stones with the band John & Jehn. In April 2010, they toured the U.S. and Canada followed by England in May 2010, including a sold-out show at the London Electric Ballroom. On 28 June 2010, Band of Skulls supported The Dead Weather at The Roundhouse in London. In July 2010, the band covered Goldfrapp's "Strict Machine" for Australian radio. They were also one of three bands who opened for Muse on 4 September 2010 at Lancashire County Cricket Ground. In October 2010 they also toured to South Africa to play at the annual Rocking The Daisies festival.
On 26 October 2010, Band of Skulls released a live album called Live on KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic, containing an in-studio performance from KCRW radio's Morning Becomes Eclectic program.
On 5 October 2011, the band released "The Devil Takes Care of His Own"—the first single to be taken from the new album—with an accompanying music video. The second studio album Sweet Sour was recorded at Rockfield Studios in Wales. It is produced by Ian Davenport (Supergrass, Badly Drawn Boy), who also produced their debut album, and was released on 20 February 2012 in the UK and Europe and 21 February 2012 in the US.
On 12 April 2012, Channel 4 broadcast a short documentary starring the band. They discuss the formation of Band of Skulls through to going from working the bars of their hometown to playing music in front of expansive crowds of adoring fans across the globe. It is a rare and intimate insight into the world of Band of Skulls, focusing of their success and achievements over the years.
On 20 March 2014, Band of Skulls performed on Late Night with Seth Meyers. The band played "Asleep at the Wheel".
On 22 September 2014, Band of Skulls performed on Later... with Jools Holland playing the title track from their recent album "Himalayan".
Band of Skulls shared new track 'So Good' on 28 April 2016, releasing it on Spotify the same day.
In January 2017, it was announced via social media that Hayward had left the band.
U.S. drummer Julian Dorio filled in on drums for the group's live shows in August 2018.
On 10 April 2019 Band of Skulls premiered video for their song "Love Is All You Love." The video is the third installment in the trilogy ("Cool You Battles" and "We're Alive") using the same central characters as they lose themselves to the music.
Musical style
AllMusic's James Christopher Monger called the band's music "gritty, ferociously heavy indie rock & roll out of the mist of blues history", while Jon O'Brien of the same website observed a "scuzzy garage rock sound".
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Friends EP (23 March 2010)
Electric Blues EP (2012)
Live albums
KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic (26 October 2010)
Live at Brixton (7 December 2012)
Live at Southampton Guildhall (8 November 2014)
Singles
Collaborations
Awards
Independent Music Awards 2013: "Sweet Sour" – Best Rock/Hard Rock Song
References
External links
English alternative rock groups
Musical groups established in 2008
Musical groups from Southampton
English musical trios
Vagrant Records artists
English blues rock musical groups |
Torvegade (lit. "Market Street") is the central thoroughfare of Christianshavn in Copenhagen, Denmark, linking the city centre by way of Knippel Bridge with Amagerside Copenhagen at Christmas Møllers Plads. The street crosses Christianshavn Canal at Christianshavns Torv, the central square of the neighbourhood. The last section of the street runs on the embankment that across Stadsgraven.
History
Torvegade was the central main street of Johan Sems's original town plan. Amager Gate was built in 1624 at the eastern end of the street, although the bridge which connected it to Amager across the Stadsgraven moat was not completed until 1628. The Amager farmers passed through the street on the way to town with their produce. Amager Gate was demolished when it was decided to decommission Copenhagen's fortifications in the 1850s.
In the 1920s, the City decided to build a new Knippelsbro Bridge to widen Torvegade. Until then, the portion between Knippelsbro and the canal had been known as Lille Torvegade ("Little Market Street") while the portion between the canal and Christianshavn Rampart was known as Store Torvegade ("Great Market Street"). The houses along its north side (uneven numbers) were all expropriated and demolished. The expanded Torvegade was ready in 1926.
Buildings
The Acciseboden (The ‘’Octroi House’’) at Christianshavn Rampart was originally a residence for the guard at Amager Gate. It was located just inside the gate but moved 12 metres in connection with the expansion of Torvegade in 1926. It was from 1857 to 1916 used by the soldiers who patrolled Christianshavn Rampart. The Acciseboden is thus misleading since it was never directly involved in the collection of octroi. No. 22, 24, 27 and 30 all date from the 18th century and are listed. The Rhode House, on the corner of Strandgade, is from 1640.
Cultural references
The Olsen-banden gang drives through Torvegade at 0:58:54 in The Last Exploits of the Olsen Gang (1974).
See also
Sankt Annæ Gade
References
External links
Torvegade on indenforvoldene.dk
Streets in Christianshavn |
Tim James (born March 3, 1962) is an American businessman and political candidate from Alabama. The son of former Alabama Governor Fob James, James is a toll road developer and contractor currently serving as the president of Tim James Inc., an infrastructure company. He sought and lost the Republican Party nomination for governor of Alabama three times, finishing third in the Republican primaries in 2002, 2010 and 2022.
Early life and education
James was born in Opelika, Alabama, the son of Fob and Bobbie James. He attended Baylor School in Tennessee, where he played high school football, and then Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, where he earned a degree in finance and was a running back on the Auburn Tigers football. While at Auburn University, he was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order.
Business
James has owned and operated asphalt and heavy construction businesses; with his father and brothers, James formed and operated the Escambia County Environmental Corp., an incineration company treating non-hazardous industrial waste, from 1986-1996. James helped found the toll road business Baldwin County Bridge Co. in 1996. He was involved in the building of the Foley Beach Express in the 1990s.
In 2004, Baldwin County Bridge Co., owner of the Foley Beach Express toll bridge, entered into an revenue sharing agreement with the City of Orange Beach, Alabama. In 2006, James sold the Baldwin County Bridge Company to the Australian Macquarie Group.
In 2019, James founded Tim James Inc., a family-owned construction, development, infrastructure and toll road development company. The company has worked on infrastructure projects in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and Shelby County, Alabama, the latter of which is the site of the proposed Coosa River Express toll bridge.
Political positions
The Washington Post has described James as a conservative Republican. Alabama columnist Steve Flowers described him as "extremely conservative." James himself has said his political campaigns aim to protect "America's foundation: faith, family and freedom."
James was an outspoken opponent of then-President Barack Obama's economic proposals while campaigning for governor in 2010. He stated during a campaign stop in Oxford that financial corporations, the auto industry, and insurance companies should not be bailed out by taxpayers but should file bankruptcy. He also called for improvements to education, including higher pay for school administrators and more autonomy for principals and teachers; he also supports school choice.
James opposes the legalization of gambling as a means to fund education; in 2021, he accused Republican Party leadership of attempting to turn Alabama into the "Las Vegas of the South" with a recent state gambling bill. James opposes public funding for abortions. Despite the federal legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States in 2015, James stated in 2021 that he would push for banning same-sex marriage again if elected governor.
While James supports building a wall across the US-Mexico border, he acknowledges Alabama could not directly participate in its construction. He believes Alabama should take greater steps to prevent illegal immigration via the Port of Mobile.
During the 2017 special election for the U.S. Senate in Alabama, James endorsed eventual Republican nominee Roy Moore, whom he had previously ran against during his 2010 gubernatorial campaign. James had previously been interviewed by then-Governor Robert Bentley for an appointment to the same U.S. Senate seat, vacated by the resignation of Jeff Sessions in 2016, but was ultimately not selected.
In 2021, James called transgender acceptance, critical race theory and yoga in gym class part of a "beast with three heads" that endangered children in the public school system. He supports the right to decline COVID-19 vaccines, and is himself not vaccinated. In 2022, James spoke out against an LGBT-friendly charter school putting on a drag show for students, referring to it as "abuse". An AL.com opinion article by Kyle Whitmire compared the drag show to a pep rally that James had attended as a high schooler, pictured in the Baylor School yearbook, a comparison that James rejected, stating "I don't care if you take that picture of the Baylor football team and blast it all over, you're just gonna help me because people know better. I wish you would."
Gubernatorial campaigns
2002 election
James ran for the Republican nomination for Alabama governor in 2002, but finished in last place in the Republican primary: Bob Riley received 73.5% of the vote, Steve Windom received 17.8%, and James received 8.6%. He focused on economic issues during the campaign.
Former state representative Mike Hubbard described James' 2002 campaign as one that was intended to "lay the predicate" for a future, more serious run, which eventually materialized in 2010. The campaign also came just four years after James' father, Governor Fob James, lost his re-election bid to Don Siegelman.
2010 election
James's 2010 campaign was managed by Sandra Lucas, a former staffer of Governor Bob Riley. James' campaign chairman was former U.S. Congressman Sonny Callahan of Mobile. U.S. Congressman Robert Aderholt served as an advisor to the campaign.
In April 2010, James said that if elected governor, he would end multilingual testing for driver's licenses in Alabama in favor of English-only testing. James' "we speak English" campaign commercial gained national attention. An Anniston Star analysis argued that the virality of James' advertisement gave him the chance to present himself as a candidate "who irks out-of-state liberals".
James ultimately came in third in the Republican primary, losing a runoff berth to second-place finisher (and eventual primary winner) Robert J. Bentley by 167 votes. James launched a recount effort due to the thin margin, but ultimately conceded on June 21, 2010, after the results were confirmed.
James' loss in the 2010 election was attributed to a number of reasons: James was the subject of negative advertisements from Bradley Byrne, whose campaign believed it had the edge over James in a potential Byrne-James runoff, according to polling. Additionally, Bentley had broad support in Tuscaloosa and the northwestern part of the state, allowing him to edge out James for a spot in the runoff. Finally, during the primary, James jokingly made a comment about firing or reducing the pay of head University of Alabama football coach Nick Saban, which ultimately harmed his campaign.
2022 election
In December 2021, James filed paperwork with the Alabama Secretary of State to again run for governor in the 2022 Alabama gubernatorial election. He officially announced his campaign on December 6, challenging incumbent Governor Kay Ivey. Regarding his reasons for entering the primary race, James cited a recent gas tax increase, the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, and mask mandates, among other events that have made conservative voters "anxious."
James held a kick-off event for his campaign on the steps of the Alabama State Capitol on January 12, 2022, and gave a speech in which he appealed to Evangelical voters and "traded his platform for a pulpit," as described by CBS 42. Although he described Governor Ivey as a family friend, he claimed that her administration had been "overwhelmed" and criticized the state's approval of medical marijuana and its poorly-ranked public education system.
During his 2022 campaign, James repeatedly targeted the Magic City Acceptance Academy, an LGBTQ-affirming charter school in Homewood, Alabama. On April 11, 2022, James released an ad titled "Genesis," in which photos of MCAA students and faculty were included; the founding principal of the school stated that the photos were likely taken from social media sites. After the ad aired, MCAA implemented increased security measures. In response, James' campaign stated, "What should scare mothers and fathers of these children is what the faculty is doing by presenting this ungodly display through the drag show to which the children were subjected."
In the May 24 primary, James finished in third place with 16% of the vote, while incumbent Governor Ivey avoided a run-off entirely. James conceded the election to Ivey via a phone call; afterwards, James told 1819 News that he would likely end his political efforts and return to focusing on business.
Personal life
James lives in Greenville, Alabama, with his wife Angela. The couple have three children: Fleming, Tim Jr., and Sarah.
Electoral history
References
External links
2010 campaign website, archived
2022 campaign website, archived
1962 births
Alabama Republicans
Auburn Tigers football players
Living people
People from Greenville, Alabama
People from Opelika, Alabama
Players of American football from Alabama |
Carex matsumurae is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of South Korea and Japan.
See also
List of Carex species
References
matsumurae
Taxa named by Adrien René Franchet
Plants described in 1895
Flora of Japan
Flora of South Korea |
An Inlet of Muddy Water (), also titled Muddy Waters, is a 1953 Japanese drama film directed by Tadashi Imai. Based on three short stories by Ichiyō Higuchi, it received numerous national film prizes and is regarded as a major work of Imai by film historians.
Plot
In three episodes, the film portrays the fate of women during the Meiji era:
Episode 1: "The Thirteenth Night": Young wife Seki turns up at her parents' house, announcing that she wants to divorce her abusive husband. Her father talks her into returning to her marital home, as her parents' welfare and the career of her brother depend on the marriage, also reminding her that she will have to leave her young son behind. On her way back home in a rickshaw, she discovers that the driver is Rokunosuke, a childhood friend who never got over their separation. They reminisce their once mutual affection, but part ways without an outlook to meeting again.
Episode 2: "On The Last Day Of The Year": Mine works as a maid in the strict household of Mrs. Yamamura, wife of a wealthy businessman. To help her sick uncle who is in debt, Mine asks her employer to lend her money. Mrs. Yamamura first agrees, but later withdraws her offer. Out of desperation, Mine steals money from a household drawer and gives it to her aunt. Moments before her misdemeanour is revealed, Mrs. Yamamura's carefree son Ishinosuke takes the remaining money to waste it on gambling and drinking, thus obliterating all traces of Mine's theft.
Episode 3: "Troubled Waters": Courtesan O-Riki is the "star" of a brothel in a red light district. To her disapproval, she is still being followed by her impoverished former patron Genshichi who spent all his money on her. O-Riki gets involved with a new client, Asanosuke, but is reluctant to the possible prospect of marriage, citing her profession and her poor upbringing as reasons. Meanwhile, Genshichi forces his wife and little son to leave him due to her constant complaints that he is unable to support the family. Afterwards, he waylays O-Riki, murders her and commits suicide.
Cast
Episode 1: "The Thirteenth Night"
Ken Mitsuda as Saito Kanae
Akiko Tamura as Saito Moyo
Hiro Kumon as Saito Inosuke
Yatsuko Tanami as Harada Seki
Hiroshi Akutagawa as Takasaka Rokunosuke
Episode 2: "On The Last Day Of The Year"
Susumu Tatsuoka as Yamamura Kahee
Teruko Nagaoka as Yamamura Aya
Noboru Nakaya as Yamamura Ishinosuke
Kyōko Kishida as Yamamura Shizuko
Yoshiko Kuga as Mine
Nobuo Nakamura as Yasubee
Michiko Araki as Shin
Shiro Inui as Minosuke
Kazuo Kitamura as Rickshaw man
Episode 3: "Troubled Waters"
Hisao Toake as Tobei
Yoshie Minami as O-Yae
Chikage Awashima as O-Riki
Sō Yamamura as Asanosuke
Seiji Miyaguchi as Genshichi
Haruko Sugimura as O-Hatsu
Maiko Hojo as O-Taka
Natsuko Kahara
Release
An Inlet of Muddy Water was shown in competition at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.
Literary source
An Inlet of Muddy Water is based on Ichiyō Higuchi's short stories The Thirteenth Night (, 1895), On the Last Day of the Year (, 1894), and Troubled Waters (also: Muddy Bay, , 1895). Other than the film, Higuchi's original story Troubled Waters ends with the discovery of the bodies of O-Riki and Genshichi and the passersby's speculations whether the two committed shinjū (lovers' double suicide) or O-Riki fell victim to a crime, leaving it to the reader to decide.
Legacy
An Inlet of Muddy Water was screened at the Museum of Modern Art in 2022 as part of its "Beyond Ozu: Hidden Gems of Shochiku Studios" retrospective.
Awards
An Inlet of Muddy Water was awarded the Kinema Junpo Award, the Blue Ribbon Award and the Mainichi Film Award for Best Film. Two additional Mainichi Film Awards went to Imai for Best Direction and Haruko Sugimura as Best Supporting Actress (for An Inlet of Muddy Water and Tokyo Story).
References
External links
1953 films
1953 drama films
Japanese drama films
1950s Japanese-language films
Japanese black-and-white films
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Imai Tadashi
Films set in the Meiji period
Best Film Kinema Junpo Award winners
1950s Japanese films
Japanese anthology films
Films scored by Ikuma Dan |
Øivind Løsåmoen (born 13 October 1957) is a former Norwegian ice hockey player. He was born in Oslo and played for the clubs Furuset IF and Storhamar IL. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team at the 1980 and 1984 Winter Olympics.
References
1957 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Oslo
Norwegian ice hockey players
Olympic ice hockey players for Norway
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 1984 Winter Olympics |
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4, 9kDa, pseudogene 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA4P1 gene.
References
Further reading
Pseudogenes |
Statistics of Nemzeti Bajnokság I in the 1958–59 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Csepel SC won the championship.
League standings
Results
Statistical leaders
Top goalscorers
References
Hungary - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Nemzeti Bajnokság I seasons
1958–59 in Hungarian football
Hun |
Shri Raghavendra Math, better known as Rayara Math (popularly known as Shri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt, formerly known as Kaveendra teertha mutt, Kumbakonam Math, Vibhudendra Math, Dakshinadi Mutt or Vijayendra Math) is one of the Dvaita Vedanta monasteries (matha) descended from Madhvacharya through Sri Jayatirtha further with Vibudhendra Tirtha (a senior disciple of Ramchandra Tirtha). It is one of the three premier monasteries descended in the lineage of Jayatirtha the other two being Uttaradi Math and Vyasaraja Math and are jointly referred as Mathatraya. It is the pontiffs and pandits of the Mathatraya that have been the principle architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries.
Over time the mutt has been stationed at different places, earlier in the northern part of Karnataka, then due to contemporary political reformations the mutt moved to the southern part, to Kumbhakonam. Post the period of Sri Subodhendra Tirtha (1799 - 1835) the mutt was stationed at Nanjanagud, hence it is also known as Najangud Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt in later days. In recent decades, the mutt has established it headquarters at Mantralayam. It is the holy abode of Sri Raghavendra teertha (1621 - 1671) who is one of the prominent personalities in the lineage of Sri Madhwacharya. Sri Raghavendra Matha ( the moola vrindavana place of Sri Raghavendra teertha) is located on the bank of Tungabhadra River in Mantralayam in Adoni taluk of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, India.
History
The mutt was originated from Jadadguru Sri Madhwacharya himself and later the mutt was periodically named after the respective pontiffs. At the time of pontification of the great Sri Raghavendra teertha (also known as Sri Raghavendra Swamy) the mutt became popularly known as Sri Raghavendra Swamy mutt.
The Raghavendra Math is considered to be one of the main institutes established by Sri Madhwacharya. So, earlier the matha was known as Kumbhakonam Matha or Dakshinadi Math and later the matha was made popular as Sri Vijayendra Mutt after Vijayendra Tirtha by Sudhindra Tirtha, a disciple and successor to the pontificate of Kumbakonam Matha. After Sudhindra Tirtha his disciple, the most venerated dvaita saint Raghavendra Tirtha continued in the pontifical lineage as the pontiff of the matha.
Idols Worshipped
Sri Moola Rama is the prime deity of the mutt. Which is believed to be Chaturyuga Murthy ( Idol worshipped in all four Yugas) and worshipped by Chaturmukha Brahma himself. This idol was crafted by Vishwakarma. This deity was brought by Sri Narahari teertha as per the orders of Sri Madhwacharya. Sri Madhwacharya has worshipped Moola Rama with utmost devotion as documented in Keertana's of Haridasas. Till date Sri Moola Rama is being worshipped in Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt.
Along with Sri Moola Rama, Deities of Sri Digvijaya Rama (Worshipped by Sri Madhwacharya), Sri Jaya Rama (worshipped by Sri Jayateertha) is also being worshipped at Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt. Vyasamushtis, Santana Gopala Krishna, Vaikuntha Vasudeva, Vitthala and other prominent idols with significant historical importance are worshipped in the mutt.
Guru Parampara
The Guru Parampara (Lineage of Saints) of Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt is given below.
Sri Madhvacharya
Sri Padmanabha Tirtha
Sri Narahari Tirtha
Sri Madhava Tirtha
Sri Akshobhya Tirtha
Sri Jayatirtha
Sri Vidyadhiraja Tirtha
Sri Kavindra Thirtha
Sri Vaageesha Thirtha
Sri Ramachandra Tirtha
Sri Vibudhendra Tirtha
Sri Jitamitra Tirtha
Sri Raghunandana Tirtha
Sri Surendra Tirtha
Sri Vijayeendra Tirtha
Sri Sudhindra Tirtha
Sri Raghavendra Tirtha
Sri Yogeendra Tirtha
Sri Sooreendra Tirtha
Sri Sumateendra Tirtha
Sri Upendra Tirtha
Sri Vadeendra Tirtha
Sri Vasudhendra Tirtha
Sri Varadendra Tirtha
Sri Dheerendra Tirtha
Sri Bhuvanendra Tirtha
Sri Subodhendra Tirtha
Sri Sujanendra Tirtha
Sri Sujnanendra Tirtha
Sri Sudharmendra Tirtha
Sri Sugunendra Tirtha
Sri Suprajnendra Tirtha
Sri Sukrutheendra Tirtha
Sri Susheelendra Tirtha
Sri Suvrateendra Tirtha
Sri Suyameendra Tirtha
Sri Sujayeendra Tirtha
Sri Sushameendra Tirtha
Sri Suyateendra Tirtha
Sri Subudhendra Tirtha – (Present Pontiff)
References
Bibliography
External links
Raghavendra Math official website
Website on Dvaita
Dvaita Vedanta
History of Karnataka
Vaishnavism
Hindu monasteries in India
Madhva mathas
Hindu temples in Thanjavur district |
Martin Telser (born 16 October 1978) is a former Liechtenstein football defender, who last played for FC Balzers in the 2. Liga Interregional.
International career
He made his international debut in friendly versus Germany in 1996 and went on to win 73 caps and score one goal for his country.
International goals
References
External links
Liechtenstein FA profile
1978 births
Living people
Liechtenstein men's international footballers
FC Vaduz players
Liechtenstein men's footballers
FC Balzers players
Men's association football defenders |
Gundur is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gangawati taluk of Koppal district in Karnataka.
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Gundur had a population of 6273 with 3166 males and 3107 females.
See also
Bidar
Districts of Karnataka
References
External links
http://Koppal.nic.in/
Villages in Koppal district |
Jacqueline Rebecca Louise Piatigorsky (née de Rothschild; November 6, 1911 – July 15, 2012) was a French-American chess player, author, sculptor, philanthropist, and arts patron. She was a member of the Rothschild banking family of France.
Early life, marriages, family
The daughter of the wealthy and influential banker Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild, and Germaine Alice , she was the sister of Guy de Rothschild and Bethsabée de Rothschild. She was born in Paris, France. De Rothschild was raised in the Château de Ferrières in the country in Île-de-France, and at a home in the city in what is known as the "Talleyrand Building," a mansion at 2 rue Saint-Florentin that today is part of the United States Embassy complex in Paris.
According to her 1988 memoir Jump in the Waves, her parents were cold and distant and left her upbringing to an indifferent nanny. As a result, she grew into a timid, near-reclusive, young woman who at age 19 married publisher Robert Calmann-Lévy (1899–1982), a distant relative. This marriage ended after five years in 1935, and two years later she married the renowned cellist Gregor Piatigorsky. Their daughter Jephta was born in France in 1937.
Emigrates to U.S.
The family had to flee France in the wake of the Nazi occupation during World War II. Piatigorsky and her husband settled in a house Elizabethtown, New York, in the Adirondack Mountains which Gregor had bought before. It also became the first residence in the US for her parents and her sister Bethsabee after their flight from France to the US, and it was the place where their son Joram was born in 1940. They lived in Philadelphia for several years before moving to Los Angeles in 1949, where her husband taught at the University of Southern California. According to her autobiography they moved to California because the doctor had advised them to move to a better climate to stop Joram's constant colds and ear infections. Gregor Piatigorsky also favoured Los Angeles, because many of his friends such as Rubinstein, Heifetz and Stravinsky lived there.
Chess successes
As an American citizen, Piatigorsky was a chess player of note, and was competitive at the national level. Her passion for the game of chess led to a second career during which she trained seriously, with coach IM Herman Steiner. She represented the United States in the first Women's Chess Olympiad at Emmen 1957, where she scored 7.5/11 on second board and won a bronze medal. In the 1960s, she was the highest USCF-rated female chess player in California and was ranked #2 in the United States, competing successfully in several U.S. Women's Championships.
Chess patron, organizer
In addition to participating in the game, Piatigorsky became an important patron and tournament organizer. She sponsored the famous 1961 match between Samuel Reshevsky and Bobby Fischer, the top two American players. It was held jointly in New York City and Los Angeles, but was abandoned after 11 of the planned 16 games because of a scheduling dispute, with the score tied at 5.5 points apiece.
In 1963 at the Ambassador Hotel she staged the first Piatigorsky Cup in which world champion Tigran Petrosian and Paul Keres tied for first place. The California Chess Reporter called it the greatest tournament held in the United States since the 1920s. In 1966, in Santa Monica, Boris Spassky won the second Piatigorsky Cup Tournament, with second place going to Bobby Fischer; this event had an even stronger field. She served as patron for many young California players, providing funds for travel to tournaments, and organized junior tournaments in the Los Angeles area.
Sculptor, arts patron
Piatigorsky was also a patron of the arts, and in 1985 created an endowment for the New England Conservatory of Music to provide the "New England Conservatory/Piatigorsky Artist Award" which gave the recipient a cash prize and a series of concert engagements.
In her 40s, she developed an interest in sculpting, and arranged to take lessons from Anthony Amato. A Los Angeles-area gallery put on the first exhibition of her works in 1976. Widowed at the age of 65, she continued working and playing tennis into her 90s. As of 2003, she was still actively sculpting and she turned 100 in November 2011.
Piatigorsky died from complications of pneumonia on July 15, 2012.
References
First Piatigorsky Cup International Grandmaster Chess Tournament Held in Los Angeles, California July 1963
Second Piatigorsky Cup International Grandmaster Chess Tournament Held in Santa Monica, California August 1966, 1968, edited by Isaac Kashdan,
See also the list of references at Rothschild banking family of France.
External links
Selected Sculptures of Jacqueline Piatigorsky
1911 births
2012 deaths
American centenarians
American female chess players
American chess players
American people of French-Jewish descent
American memoirists
Artists from Paris
Artists from Los Angeles
Artists from New York City
Chess patrons
French emigrants to the United States
20th-century French Jews
Jewish American artists
American philanthropists
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish chess players
People from Elizabethtown, New York
Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism
Sportspeople from Paris
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from New York City
Rothschild family
Writers from Paris
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from New York City
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
Women centenarians
Jewish women sculptors |
Pandemis marginumbra is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.
References
Moths described in 1960
Pandemis |
Margaret Dreier Robins (6 September 1868 – 21 February 1945) was an American labor leader and philanthropist.
Early life
She was born in Brooklyn, New York on 6 September 1868. Her parents, Theodor Dreier, a successful businessman, and Dorthea Dreier, were both immigrants from Germany. Her mother's maiden name was Dreier and her parents were cousins from Bremen, Germany. Their ancestors were civic leaders and merchants. Theodor came to the United States in 1849 and became partner of the English iron firm of Naylor, Benson and Company's New York branch. He married Dorothea in 1864 during a visit to Bremen and brought her back with him to the United States and they lived in a brownstone house in Brooklyn Heights, New York.
Margaret Dreier had a brother and three sisters. Her sister Mary was a social reformer. Her sisters Dorothea and Katherine were painters.
She was privately educated because her parents believed that the study of the arts was too often neglected in traditional education. In her teens, Robins suffered from physical ailments which left her depressed and weak.
Social reform career
At age nineteen, she began doing charity work at Brooklyn Hospital and soon became involved in other progressive causes. She met the reformer Josephine Shaw Lowell in 1902, and through Lowell joined in the Woman’s Municipal League, an organization that helped women avoid prostitution. Another collaborator was Frances Kellor, with whom she founded the New York Association for Household Research which provided lodging and placement for women domestic workers.
In 1904, increasingly interested in workers’ rights, Dreier joined the Women's Trade Union League, then only a small, budding organization. She became the president of its New York chapter in 1905; president of the Chicago chapter 1907-1914; and treasurer of the national organization and rose quickly in its ranks. In 1907, she was elected president of the national organization and began a fifteen-year tenure as its leader. Meanwhile, she married the lawyer and social worker Raymond Robins in 1905. The newlyweds split their time between running a settlement house in Chicago, Illinois and Chinsegut Hill in Brooksville, Florida.
As president of the League, Robins helped organize women into unions, educate women workers, and advocate for progressive legislation. She created a Training School for Women to educate women workers about organizing and leadership skills. She supported and became active in a number of well publicized strikes, most notably the International Ladies Garment Workers’ strike in 1910. She pushed for protective legislation limiting the hours of women’s work, and she presided over the League during its most influential period.
She served on the executive board of the Chicago Federation of Labor after 1908, and in 1915 was appointed to the unemployment commission by the governor of Illinois.
Active in the Women's Suffrage Movement, Robins ran for office in 1912 as a Progressive Party candidate for Trustee at the University of Illinois. She earned over 300,000 votes but did not win a seat.
In 1919, Robins played an important role in the creation of the first International Congress of Working Women. Robins agreed to send both Rose Schneiderman and Mary Anderson to the Paris Peace Conference, where with other female labor leaders they organized an international labor women’s conference to prepare for the upcoming International Labour Organization convention in October in Washington, D.C.
In 1924, Robins retired from her activist work and moved full-time with her husband to Florida. She continued her philanthropic work there, helping found the YWCA and the first library and supporting local arts productions. She died in 1945.
Notes
Sources
External links
Margaret Dreier Robins Papers at the University of Florida
1868 births
1945 deaths
People from Brooklyn Heights
American trade union leaders
Illinois Progressives (1912)
Activists from New York (state)
Progressive Era in the United States
Women's Trade Union League people |
Lucas Patrick McCown (born July 12, 1981) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jacksonville Jaguars, Atlanta Falcons and New Orleans Saints. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Louisiana Tech University.
Early years
McCown was born and raised in Jacksonville, Texas. Like his older brothers Josh and Randy McCown, he showed an aptitude for sports. He attended Jacksonville High School.
In basketball, he garnered All-District and All-East Texas honors.
College career
Although he was nationally ranked as a football recruit (as high as No. 2 among quarterbacks in some publications), McCown accepted a football scholarship from Louisiana Tech University over the University of Oklahoma and Florida State University.
As a true freshman, he became the starter in the fifth game, after Brian Stallworth was lost with a season-ending injury. His college debut came in the second half of the fourth game against the University of Tulsa. He had six touchdown passes (fourth in school history) in a 48-14 win against the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He set an NCAA single-game freshman record by throwing the ball 72 times in the 42-31 loss against the University of Miami.
As a sophomore, he led the team to the Western Athletic Conference championship, the school's first conference title since the early 1980s. He threw for 464 yards and four touchdowns in a critical 48-45 league win over Boise State University. The school was invited to the 2001 Humanitarian Bowl against Clemson University, its first bowl appearance since the 1990 Independence Bowl.
He contributed to two of the biggest wins in school history. A 39-36 win over Oklahoma State University, which came down to a 36-yard touchdown pass on a fourth-down-and-10 with 60 seconds in the opener of his junior season. And a 20-19 win against Michigan State University, passing for two touchdowns in the final 70 seconds, including the game-winning 11-yard throw with 2 seconds left in the third game of his senior season.
He started 42 out of 43 games of his college career, establishing school records for completions (1,088), attempts (1,827) and passing yards (12,994). His 88 touchdown passes ranked eighth-most in NCAA Division I-A history. He also had 11 rushing touchdowns. He still holds several NCAA Division I FBS records:
Most plays by a freshman in a single game (80) - Louisiana Tech vs. Miami, FL, October 28, 2000. McCown gained 444 total yards during the game.
Most attempted passes by a freshman in a single game (72) - Louisiana Tech vs. Miami, FL, October 28, 2000. He completed 42 of those passes.
Most completed passes by a freshman in a single game (47) - Louisiana Tech vs. Auburn, October 21, 2000. He attempted 65 passes in all.
Most seasons of 2,000+ yards (4) - From 2000—03, McCown gained 2,544, 3,337, 3,539, and 3,246 yards.
In 2017, he was inducted into the Louisiana Tech Athletics Hall of Fame.
College statistics
Professional career
Cleveland Browns
McCown was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round (106th overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft. He went on to start in four games for in his rookie season. On April 24, 2005, he was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in exchange for sixth round 2005 draft pick (#203-Andrew Hoffman).
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In 2005, he was declared inactive but dressed as the third-string quarterback for the first ten games. He was the backup quarterback for the last seven contests, including one playoff game.
In 2006, he was injured during the preseason. He spent the first seven weeks of the regular season on the physically unable to perform list. He was activated on November 3. He was declared inactive but dressed as the third-string quarterback for the final nine games of the season.
In 2007, he appeared in five games with three starts, registering 1,009 passing yards, three interceptions, five touchdowns and a 91.7 quarterback rating. In week 13, McCown produced his finest performance as an NFL quarterback, throwing for 313 yards and two touchdowns during an emergency start for the injured Jeff Garcia in the Buccaneers 27–23 victory over the New Orleans Saints. He started the next game against the Houston Texans and was 25-38 for 266 yards and no interceptions, but a loss. He came in relief in the second half of week 16 and threw for 185 yards and one interception. He started the last game as the Bucs had already clinched a playoff spot. He threw for 236 yards and one interception with two touchdowns.
In 2008, he played in two games against the Carolina Panthers and the San Diego Chargers.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On September 5, 2009, McCown was traded to the Jacksonville Jaguars in exchange for a seventh round 2010 draft pick. He was the backup to starting quarterback David Garrard, seeing limited action in three games. He was active but did not play in 13 contests.
In 2010, he played in the fourth quarter of the second game against the San Diego Chargers, completing 11 of 19 passes for 120 yards, but suffered a season-ending knee injury with 41 seconds remaining. He was placed on the injured reserve list on September 21.
On September 6, 2011, five days before the 2011 regular season opener, Jacksonville announced they were cutting Garrard and that McCown would succeed him as starter for the season opener. He made his first start as a Jaguar in the season opener against the Tennessee Titans, completing 17 of 24 passes for 175 yards. On September 18, McCown was benched in favor of Blaine Gabbert, after posting the lowest passer rating (1.8) for a starting quarterback in club history. He appeared in four games with two starts, completing 30 of 56 attempts for 296 yards and four interceptions.
New Orleans Saints
On June 7, 2012, McCown signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released by the team on August 28, 2012.
Atlanta Falcons
On August 28, 2012, the Atlanta Falcons signed McCown to replace the released Chris Redman. As Matt Ryan's backup, McCown appeared in two games, on September 27 when Atlanta won 27–3 over the San Diego Chargers and December 16 when Atlanta won 34–0 over the New York Giants.
New Orleans Saints (second stint)
On April 1, 2013, McCown signed a one-year, $1.05 million deal with the Saints. After solid performances in preseason games, McCown was selected to serve as the primary backup to Saints starting quarterback Drew Brees. During the regular season he attempted a pass but it fell incomplete. In the regular season, McCown was the holder for placekicker Garrett Hartley.
On September 25, 2015, Sean Payton announced that starting quarterback Drew Brees would miss the first game of his Saints career due to a bruised rotator cuff and that McCown would get the start on September 27 against the Carolina Panthers over rookie Garrett Grayson, marking McCown's first start since 2011 with the Jaguars. Luke's older brother Josh started for the Browns the same day, marking the first time the brothers both started since 2007. On November 5, McCown underwent successful lower-back surgery, effectively ending his season after he was placed on injured reserve. McCown completed 32 of 39 passes for 335 yards and an 82.1 completion percentage in 2015.
On March 10, 2016, the New Orleans Saints signed McCown to a two-year, $3 million contract with a signing bonus of $500,000. On April 5, 2017, he was released after the team signed quarterback Chase Daniel.
Dallas Cowboys
On July 28, 2017, McCown signed with the Dallas Cowboys on a one-year contract with $250,000 in guarantees. He was signed to help the team get through training camp and the preseason, after losing fourth-string backup Zac Dysert, who suffered a season and career ending back injury. He was released on September 2, 2017.
Retirement
On April 20, 2018, McCown announced his retirement.
NFL career statistics
Personal life
McCown's brother Josh was also a quarterback in the NFL. His older brother Randy played quarterback at Texas A&M University. Luke and his wife, Katy, have four sons and two daughters. McCown is a Christian.
In September 2015, he starred in a series of TV commercials for Verizon Wireless, talking about Verizon's reliability and backup generators, joking that "I bet if they just had the chance, some of those backups would really shine." McCown started a game against the Carolina Panthers shortly after the commercial initially aired due to an injury to starting quarterback Drew Brees, throwing for 310 yards in the 22-27 loss.
See also
List of NCAA Division I FBS quarterbacks with at least 12,000 career passing yards
References
External links
New Orleans Saints bio
1981 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Atlanta Falcons players
Cleveland Browns players
Dallas Cowboys players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football players
New Orleans Saints players
People from Jacksonville, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players |
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Mindgames is the second album by saxophonist Greg Osby recorded in 1988 and released on the JMT label.
Reception
The AllMusic review by Ron Wynn states, "Some torrid solos but his least successful release artistically".
Track listing
All compositions by Greg Osby except as indicated
"Dolemite" - 5:43
"Mindgames" - 5:27
"Thinking Inside You" (Edward Simon) - 3:27
"This Is Not a Test" - 4:11
"Excuse Not" (Paul Samuels) - 1:50
"Mirror, Mirror" - 4:56
"Silent Attitude" - 7:30
"Altered Ego" (Kevin McNeal) - 4:50
"All That Matters" - 6:32
"Chin Lang" - 2:36
Personnel
Greg Osby - alto saxophone, soprano saxophone, percussion, voice
Geri Allen (tracks 1,7 & 9), Edward Simon (tracks 2, 3, 5, 6 & 8) - piano, synthesizer
Kevin McNeal - guitar
Lonnie Plaxico - bass
Paul Samuels - drums, percussion
References
1988 albums
Greg Osby albums
JMT Records albums
Winter & Winter Records albums |
Gilbert v. Minnesota, 254 U.S. 325, was a case heard and decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1920. The case concerned the right to freedom of speech. The Court held that while the First Amendment to the United States Constitution applies to the States, Minnesota's sedition act could stand.
Background
Joseph Gilbert was born in England. In 1883, he moved to the United States, settling in Philadelphia and opening a carpet business. Successful but unsatisfied, Gilbert became a lawyer and was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar Association. Still not content, Gilbert and his wife moved to Seattle, where he became involved with socialist politics, going so far as to publish a socialist newspaper.
In 1915, Gilbert joined the Nonpartisan League, which advocated for "state ownership of grain elevators, flour mills, packing houses and cold storage plants, state hail insurance, and the operation of rural credit banks at cost." The party was also opposed to U.S. involvement in World War I.
In August 1917, Gilbert gave a speech where he said, among other things:We are going over to Europe to make the world safe for democracy, but I tell you we had better make America safe for democracy first. You say, what is the matter with our democracy? I tell you what is the matter with it: Have you had anything to say as to who should be President? Have you had anything to say as to who should be Governor of this state? Have you had anything to say as to whether we would go into this war? You know you have not. If this is such a good democracy, for Heaven's sake why should we not vote on conscription of men? We were stampeded into this war by newspaper rot to pull England's chestnuts out of the fire for her. I tell you if they conscripted wealth like they have conscripted men, this war would not last over forty-eight hours.Gilbert was indicted, tried, and found guilty under a Minnesota law which made it illegal to "advocate or teach by word of mouth or otherwise that men should not enlist in the military or naval forces of the United States or the State of Minnesota." He was ordered to pay a $500 fine and to serve one year in jail. The Minnesota Supreme Court upheld his conviction.
Decision
Justice McKenna, writing for the majority, reasoned that the right to freedom of speech is not absolute. The majority held that Gilbert's speech did not advocate any policy or censure any action, both of which would have been protected by the First Amendment. The Court upheld his conviction.
Justice Brandeis dissented, arguing that the Minnesota statute was too broad and could criminalize constitutionally-protected beliefs. Furthermore, he argued that the right to freedom of speech was protected under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The decision has never been formally overruled, though modern First Amendment jurisprudence no longer aligns with the majority's analysis.
References
1920 in United States case law
Incorporation case law
Free speech case law
United States Free Speech Clause case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the White Court
Minnesota
Socialism in the United States
Suppression of dissent |
Iztapasauria (also branded as IztapaSauria) is a free-entry dinosaur theme park in Iztapalapa, Mexico City. It opened on 4 December 2021 inside the Deportivo Utopía Santa Cruz Meyehualco sports center. The theme park has several green areas decorated as a Mesozoic jungle in which there are thirteen animatronic dinosaurs.
History and construction
Experts from UNAM's Institute of Geology contributed to the planning of the park. The complete rehabilitation of the sports center, which included the installation of the theme park, cost 100 million pesos. The rehabilitation and installation was requested by Clara Brugada, the head of the borough's office, and was inaugurated on 4 December 2021. Among the animatronics are species of Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, Velociraptor, Omeisaurus, Irritator, Carnotaurus and Brontosaurus.
References
External links
IztapaSauria at the Secretariat of Culture of Mexico City website (in Spanish)
2021 establishments in Mexico
Amusement parks in Mexico City
Amusement parks opened in 2021
Animal theme parks
Iztapalapa |
Dunsinane Hill ( ) is a hill of the Sidlaws near the village of Collace in Perthshire, Scotland. It is mentioned in Shakespeare's play Macbeth, in which a vision informs Macbeth that he "shall never vanquished be, until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill Shall come against him."
The hill has a height of and commands expansive views of the surrounding countryside. It consists of a late Iron Age hill fort, the ramparts of which remain obvious. The site was damaged by undocumented amateur excavations in the 19th century by antiquarians attracted to the site by its Shakespearean connection. Little of value was learned about the history of the monument from these unscientific endeavours.
Dunsinane is the traditional site of a 1054 battle in which Siward, Earl of Northumbria defeated Macbeth of Scotland. The much earlier Iron Age hill fort has long been known as Macbeth's Castle, though there is no archaeological evidence that it was in use by him or anyone during the mid eleventh century.
Pronunciation and etymology
To facilitate the rhyme in the couplet "I will not be afraid of death and bane, Till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane" the pronunciation usually employed for Shakespeare's play has the accent on the first or third syllable, with a long "a" (i.e. or ). However, the correct pronunciation has the accent on the second syllable, with a short "a".
An alternative spelling of the name is Dunsinnan. The derivation is Gaelic, "the hill of ants"; possibly a reference to the large number of people it took to build the fortress.
Ascent
The best access to Dunsinane Hill is from the rear of the Perthshire village of Collace on the northern side of Dunsinane Hill, between the village and the quarry. There is a small parking area there suitable for 4 or 5 cars, from which a steep, but clearly defined path leads directly to the summit.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Hills of the Scottish Midland Valley
Mountains and hills of Perth and Kinross
Macbeth
Hill forts in Scotland |
Papilio osmana is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
References
osmana
Lepidoptera of the Philippines
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Butterflies described in 1967 |
Jan Eric Anton Larsson (born 15 July 1991) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Super League Greece club OFI.
Career
GIF Sundsvall
Eric Larsson played five seasons for GIF Sundsvall. In 2017 he earned a nomination for Allsvenskan defender of the year.
Malmö FF
After the expiration of Larsson's contract with GIF Sundsvall, it was announced on 9 November 2017 that he had signed a four-year contract with Swedish champions Malmö FF.
Career statistics
As of 8 December 2021.
Honours
Malmö FF
Allsvenskan: 2020, 2021
Svenska Cupen: 2021–22
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Gefle IF players
GIF Sundsvall players
Malmö FF players
OFI Crete F.C. players
Allsvenskan players
Superettan players
Super League Greece players
Sweden men's youth international footballers
Swedish men's footballers
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Sportspeople from Gävle |
Paul Harrington Stuffel (March 22, 1927 – September 9, 2018) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who worked in seven games over portions of three Major League seasons for the Philadelphia Phillies.
Biography
A native of Canton, Ohio, Stuffel attended Kent State University. He stood tall and weighed . Stuffel signed with Philadelphia in 1947 and was recalled in September 1950 after spending the year with the Triple-A Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League. The "Whiz Kid" Phillies used him in three games in relief — all losses — as the Phils struggled (ultimately successfully) to maintain their lead in the National League pennant race. Stuffel, however, pitched well, allowing only four hits, one base on balls and one earned run in five full innings pitched. As a late-season callup, he was not eligible to play in the 1950 World Series.
He spent all of and most of in the minors, although he was called up again by the Phillies in September 1952. Stuffel then made his only Major League starting assignment on September 27 against the New York Giants at the Polo Grounds. He allowed four hits (all singles) and two earned runs in five innings pitched, but walked seven batters. Still, he was credited with his only MLB win, a 7–3 triumph.
He had a final trial with the Phils in early , but was wild and ineffective in two appearances, facing four batters and walking all four — allowing four earned runs and posting an earned run average of infinity. They were his final games in the Majors, where in his seven games and 11 innings pitched he permitted nine hits, 12 bases on balls and seven earned runs. He struck out six. Stuffel continued his career in the minors into 1957; he won 105 minor-league games.
Stuffel went to Lincoln High School, in Canton, Ohio. He served in the United States Army during World War II. Stuffel was involved in the insurance business and lived in Alliance, Ohio. Stuffel died on September 9, 2018.
References
External links
1927 births
2018 deaths
Atlanta Crackers players
Austin Senators players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Baseball players from Canton, Ohio
Businesspeople from Ohio
Major League Baseball pitchers
Memphis Chickasaws players
Military personnel from Ohio
Mobile Bears players
People from Alliance, Ohio
Sportspeople from Stark County, Ohio
Philadelphia Phillies players
Salina Blue Jays players
Schenectady Blue Jays players
Terre Haute Phillies players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
20th-century American businesspeople
United States Army personnel of World War II |
Fable is a PC point and click adventure game developed by Simbiosis Interactive. It was the company's only release. It was published in North America by Sir-Tech and internationally by Telstar Electronic Studios.
Gameplay
Fable runs on MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, featuring SVGA graphics (DirectX in the Windows 95 version) and full voice-acting. The game has a minimalist user interface, showing only the cursor (which displays the current verb selected for use) and descriptive text.
The game follows the standard point-and-click adventure game formula of controlling the player using the mouse, while avoiding the need to display a list of verbs on-screen. Moving the mouse cursor over an object or person changes the cursor icon to represent a verb. (Use, Talk, etc.) Left-clicking will perform the action displayed, whereas right-clicking will cycle through other verbs relevant to whatever the cursor is pointing at.
Plot
The plot follows Quickthorpe (the protagonist) attempting to complete a quest given to him by the priest of his village. He is to obtain four mystical gemstones said to have control over a part of nature. The priest tells Quickthorpe that he wishes to destroy the gems, as this will supposedly make the world fully habitable by the people of his village again. In order to obtain each gemstone, Quickthorpe must kill a creature acting as the gem's guardian.
Quickthorpe's first target is the Ice Giant living in the Northern region of the Frozen Lands - the area in which Quickthorpe's home village is located. As he continues through the Land of Mists, Quickthorpe learns of the Mecubarz; an ancient race of creatures from another world who used their technological secrets and special abilities to enslave the human race centuries ago. A small group of humans fought back, some using their own technology against them but none of them able to uncover any of the secrets of their enslavers before they ultimately left. Quickthorpe receives a key in relation to the Mecubar conspiracy before he kills the guardian of the next gemstone by talking to a friend of the fairy that informed him about the Mecubarz.
Having taken both the gemstones, Quickthorpe goes to an underwater town to find the Engulfed Fortress, in which he discovers an ancient guard. He reveals that the world had faced a catastrophic event caused by the Mecubarz as they left. Bribing the guard to leave his post, Quickthorpe enters a cave system that permits him to enter both the Engulfed Fortress and the Land of Shadows.
Going into the Land of Shadows allows Quickthorpe to get the third gemstone without any new information about the Mekubars. Entering parts of the Engulfed Fortress allows Quickthorpe to encounter two more characters: an ancient humanoid creature named Ishmael and a Gorgon, the guardian of the final gem. Talking to the Gorgon reveals that she was part of a group of creatures that attempted to steal the secrets of the Mecubarz during the human's attempt to revolt. The leader of this group was Ishmael, who discovered that the gemstones were parts of the key Quickthorpe was given, and that the key was the only way to obtain the secrets of the Mecubarz. When assembled, the key would unlock the locked-off room behind the guardian.
Ishmael's determination to obtain these secrets leads him to convince the priest to give Quickthorpe the quest that started all of this. The guardian requests for Quickthorpe to kill her after telling him all this, which he obliges to do before taking the final gemstone. Having all the gemstones and the key, Quickthorpe confronts Ishmael about the whole issue, in which Ishmael shares his knowledge of the Mecubarz, hopeful that he'll receive the now fully assembled key. The Mecubarz were a race of creatures composed entirely of energy. To continue fuelling themselves, they used the human race. The main secrets behind the Mecubarz were their abilities to never die and to almost instantly travel to other worlds, and due to Ishmael's age, his focus has shifted mainly to gaining a means to become immortal. Hearing all of this, Quickthorpe decides to let him rot after telling him that he'll think about giving him the gemstones and key. Quickthorpe returns to where he killed the final guardian and completes the key, using it to take the secrets for himself. He finds himself in a strange room filled with advanced technology. Quickthorpe sits down on the chair and a holographic viewport attaches itself to his head, performs some unknown function, then detaches. Quickthorpe then stands up from the chair and power surges through his body.
International release ending
The game cuts to Quickthorpe reading a book (the same one featured on the main menu screen) in a jail cell before walking over to the bars of his cell door. The narrator who has been describing Quickthorpe's journey is revealed to be the warden, who reveals that Quickthorpe is in jail for murdering his family and that the other convicts have worked to get him a chocolate cake to celebrate his 21st birthday.
North American ending
Quickthorpe walks over to the particle streamer (a device for recording history) and uses it. Energy begins to surge through the room, causing all the equipment to smoke. We then see the energy running through Ishmael's throne, killing him. The scene abruptly changes to Quickthorpe returning to his village and knocking on the door. Wannette (Quickthorpe's girlfriend) appears on the balcony and upon seeing him, she opens the door and lets him in. Love hearts emerge from the balcony window and the words 'The End' appear on-screen.
Development
The original ending received a great deal of negative feedback. Both players and reviewers cited the fact that the ending was too dark and didn't match the comedic tone present in the rest of the game. This prompted the developers to create a 'happy' ending which was put into the North American release only.
Reception
Next Generation reviewed the PC version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "it's a fine addition to a long line of traditional games, reminiscent of Sierra's King's Quest games, and certainly worth a look for any adventure fan." GameSpot called the game 'an earnest but uneven effort', praising the graphics and voice acting but criticising the design, convoluted story and unsatisfying ending.
References
External links
1996 video games
Adventure games
DOS games
Point-and-click adventure games
Single-player video games
Sir-Tech games
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Telstar Electronic Studios games |
Cambridge is a suburb of East London, part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
References
Populated places in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality |
Linwood is an unincorporated community in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States. Linwood is located at the junction of U.S. Route 219 and state routes 55 and 66, north-northeast of Marlinton.
The community most likely was named for linden trees near the original town site.
References
Unincorporated communities in Pocahontas County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia |
Superformatting is the process of formatting a floppy disk at a capacity that the disk is not designed for. It can ruin a floppy disk, but it is used in some floppy-based Linux distros to increase the room for applications and utilities. muLinux is a notable example of this technique. Another common use (which is not as popular nowadays) was to format low-density 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch floppies as high-density, or in the case of 3.5-inch disks, even extra-high density (HD-36).
"Notched" disks will usually turn up a lot of bad sectors, especially if the formatted capacity is a considerable (1.5 to 3) number of times higher than intended. Superformatting is usually done with a low-level format (such as "FORMAT /U" in DOS and "fdformat" in Linux.)
References
Floppy disk computer storage |
City Football Group Limited (CFG) is a holding company that administers association football clubs. The group is owned by three organisations; of which 81% is majority owned by Abu Dhabi United Group, 18% by the American firm Silver Lake, and 1% by Chinese firms China Media Capital and CITIC Capital.
The group derives its name from Manchester City, its flagship football club, and acts as the club's parent company. CFG also owns stakes in clubs in the United States, Australia, India, Japan, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, China, Belgium, France and Italy.
History
Founded in 2013, City Football Group is the realisation of a business vision by former Barcelona Economy Vice President Ferran Soriano. Soriano first conceived of the ideal of a global football entity while at the Catalan club, beginning with the creation of Barca-branded overseas academies. Soriano contacted Major League Soccer Commissioner Don Garber about creating a Barcelona-branded MLS franchise, and the pair progressed as far as looking into several locations to place the team, but ultimately these plans were curtailed when Soriano and seven other members of Barcelona's board chose to resign in protest of then-President Joan Laporta's leadership.
After a four-year break from football management, Soriano was hired in late 2012 to replace Garry Cook as CEO of Manchester City following the latter's resignation. Soriano revived his ambitions of creating a global football business entity, beginning by resuming dialogues with Garber. Their discussions resulted in the announcement of New York City as MLS' 20th expansion side less than one year later in May 2013. In the process of managing the creation of a second football team City Football Group was created, designed to be the holding company to which both Manchester City and NYCFC belonged. CFG expanded at the start of 2014 when it partnered with Rugby league side Melbourne Storm to acquire a controlling stake in A-League franchise Melbourne Heart for 12 million Australian dollars. The club would subsequently be rebranded to Melbourne City, and their badge changed as part of CFG's early attempts to synergise their investments with Manchester City as a brand, and the club's colours would slowly be changed to sky blue with their red-and-white stripes retained as away colours.
In the weeks following their purchase of Melbourne City, CFG indicated their intentions of investing in women's football by rebranding Manchester City's female affiliate as Manchester City Women's Football Club, and successfully lobbied for the team to be added to the top tier of the FA Women's Super League, promising to invest in women's football on a scale never before seen in England. Later the following year, CFG would grow again with the purchase of a 20% in Japanese side Yokohama F Marinos, the traditional company team of group sponsor Nissan.
In April 2017, after a near three-year pause in its expansion, City Football Group announced the Uruguayan second-tier side Club Atletico Torque, who would later be renamed Montevideo City Torque. Several months later, Torque would be followed in by Spanish second division club Girona, a club with ownership links to incumbent Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola.
2019 saw the beginning of an increase in CFG's activity. The purchase of Chinese third division club Sichuan Jiuniu was followed towards the end of the year by a second venture in Asia, when the group bought a controlling stake in Indian Super League franchise Mumbai City. 2020 similarly would see two club purchases in European football, first of Lommel of Belgium and then of Troyes of France, with both moves notably seeing the purchased clubs rescued from financial difficulties and linked to the economic damages wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the same year they would also expand their business interests by taking sole control of US-based five-a-side football business Goals Soccer Centers, a business they had previously invested in, following the near-collapse of the company's owners due to an internal scandal.
In March 2022, Dutch second-tier side NAC Breda announced that following an investigation into the best bidders to sell the club's shares, the shareholders of the club had agreed to a sale to CFG. In response, the club's fans held protests both in Breda and also Manchester and Lommel. A month later, a group of shareholders with key voting rights announced that, in light of the backlash, they had elected instead to sell their shares to a local consortium.
Principles and interests
Since its inception, commenters have drawn parallels between City Football Group and Ferran Soriano's ideas spelled out in his 2011 book Goal: The Ball Doesn't Go In By Chance, in which Soriano remarked that the natural evolution of club brands was to expand globally, and that doing so could include the creation of franchise clubs in foreign leagues. His book continued to expound upon the notion that appealing to foreign fans who had no strongly-ingrained non-domestic allegiances was an important facet of business growth of sporting brands, and that giving those fans a domestic side to support alongside and affiliated to their European club could encourage more loyalty from them. This idea would be termed "Disneyfication" by Professor Simon Chadwick, an expert in Eurasian sport at Emlyon Business School and himself a confidant of Soriano.
Branding and player development
Early growth in the group focused on teams sharing a common identity and an associated brand, which aligned with the traditional identity of Manchester City and was viewed as a key way of helping the Manchester club build up its foreign support. This also matched Soriano's well-reported interest in placing City Football Group as a lynchpin in the opening-up of national markets in which association football has not previously been able to secure a strong presence, through the operation of and investment in franchises in those countries.
The first entity to join CFG was the newly created New York City, with the club announcing that they would sport the familiar sky blue kit with white shorts which Manchester City have traditionally been associated with, and the rebranded Melbourne City (originally named Melbourne Heart) similarly switched to sky blue after defeating challenges from fellow A-League club Sydney. With the purchase of Mumbai City and the renaming of Club Atletico Torque to Montevideo City Torque, five teams in the group feature the word "City" in their name, and similarly all five wear sky blue kits. NYCFC's circular badge style would also be mimicked by Manchester City, Melbourne City, Mumbai City and Torque. Following from these changes, it was reported that the company's aim was to own a team on each continent with the "City" brand in its name.
Developments within Manchester City's academy would ultimately lead to a shift in strategy and focus of the group. Efforts to continue their success in bringing through youth talent led to the buying of promising players in the early teenage years, many of whom would go on to be sold for a large profit. This prompted Soriano and CFG's executive management to change their ambitions to put more emphasis on purchasing smaller clubs in strong existing football markets, with the intention of turning them into specialists centres for acquiring and training future stars from their local areas. As a result, the emphasis on clubs sharing kit colours and having discernibly similar badges and names has been reduced. Outside of Manchester, the European clubs within CFG in particular have not seen any change to their identities beyond the use of sky blue as a change strip colour in Girona. Similar is true of Asian clubs Yokohama F. Marinos and Sichuan Jiuniu.
Collaboration between clubs
One of the core philosophies of City Football Group since its inception has been the mutual supporting of clubs through combined scouting and player sharing. While virtually all large European clubs operate an international scouting network, financial demands make it impossible to access local knowledge in foreign countries to the same extent as a domestic club could. CFG clubs therefore provide invaluable services to each other by using their own local scouting networks to share information on players between clubs. With their combined knowledge, the group advertises that it has extensive information on half a million players around the world. Possessing such a network then allows the local clubs to sign players early in their development, safe in the knowledge that the range of clubs CFG owns means that they can be placed at any of a number of sides as their development continues and the need for other challenges arises. The player-sharing element of the City network was first advertised with the high-profile transfer of Aaron Mooy from Melbourne City to Manchester City – an early case of utilising the network to support revenue generation – with the 2020–21 season seeing Manchester City send 14 foreign-sourced youth players out on loan, predominantly to other group clubs.
In addition to internal player movements, CFG has also sought to foster movements of coaching staff within their network also; among the most notable relocations are French manager Eric Mombaerts, who has worked with Yokohama F. Marinos, Melbourne City and Troyes, Manchester City Women manager Nick Cushing transferring to New York and English coach Liam Manning transferring from the NYCFC academy to take over management of Lommel's first team.
The second of CFG's core philosophies regarding club collaboration is on- and off-pitch technical information sharing. Based around the tactics of Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola – long coveted for the Manchester job by Ferran Soriano and Txiki Begiristain after their experience working with him in Barcelona – all of City Football Group's clubs are given access to extensive databases of Manchester City's tactics and coaching methods, enabling them all to follow the group directive to use the same style of football, a style occasionally referred to as "the City Way". This synergy of tactical style extends beyond their first teams to the academies and women's sections. In addition to this, the clubs also share other information, such as medical, performance monitoring and player management.
Investment in women's football
Four of City Football Group's ten clubs sport women's teams, with Montevideo City Torque expected to launch a women's team in 2021 and New York City having previously held discussions about an affiliation with Sky Blue in 2014. In both Manchester and Melbourne, CFG (re)launched new women's sides in 2014 and 2015, promising to invest in women's football in unprecedent ways. In both cities, the women's teams would ultimately be given bespoke facilities which, in contrast to the standard for football clubs, shared training locations with their affiliated men's teams. Similarly, both cities would see returns for their investment, with Manchester City Women repeatedly finishing amongst the top two and winning a series of domestic trophies while Melbourne City's unprecedented investment in Australian women's football – an area which had previously been underfunded and largely forgotten in the country – earned the side plaudits for their forward-thinking and would see their female side crowned Grand Final winners four times in five seasons.
Esports
Looking to capitalise on the growth of esports, and for City Football Group to be seen as always being at the forefront of innovation, CFG made their first venture into digital gaming in June 2016 when they signed Kieran "Kez" Brown to represent Manchester City at FIFA tournaments and fan events, as well as to make digital content for their social media profiles.
Over the following years, CFG expanded their esports footprint as most of their clubs signed players to represent them in FIFA tournaments, with most clubs keeping one PlayStation player and one Xbox player on their books to represent them at all times. By early 2021, CFG would have a total of 16 professional esports players across their various clubs. In 2021, Manchester City became the first CFG club to expand beyond FIFA when they signed Aiden "Threats" Mong to represent them in Fortnite tournaments. Unlike the other CFG teams, Manchester City would also go on to create separate esports teams in China and South Korea to compete in Asia-localised tournaments.
In addition to having their own esports players, CFG have also collaborated with existing teams. In 2019, Manchester City announced a partnership with FaZe Clan which would see the two run various esports competitions and merchandising lines, as well as allowing City's and FaZe's FIFA players to share facilities and train together. In 2022, CFG announced that it was sponsoring Blue United eFC, in a move which would see Blue United wear CFG-style sky blue shirts at competitive events.
CFG-owned clubs
Manchester City
Manchester City trace their origins back to 1880, taking their present name in the year 1894. The club was one of the founding members of the Football League Second Division in 1892 and first gained promotion to the top division of English football in 1899, in the process becoming the first team in history to be promoted via automatic promotion. They are ranked as one of the top ten clubs in England for most seasons spent in the English top flight, and top five for most major honours won. Their first trophy came in the 1904 FA Cup Final; in total, at the point of their acquisition by City Football Group, they had won two top flight league titles, four FA Cups, two League Cups, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and three FA Community Shields.
After its takeover, Manchester City launched into a complete overhaul of all departments, intent on rising to the top as fast as possible. On the pitch, the following seasons saw the team replaced under the management of Mark Hughes and then a second time under Roberto Mancini as the lobbying of established UEFA Champions League clubs in the Premier League forced the Manchester team to act quickly in order to achieve Champions League status before the newly implemented Financial Fair Play Regulations made it unviable for teams to spend outside of their earnings in an attempt to move up the table. Meanwhile, off the pitch City spent £10 million on revamping their Platt Lane academy base as they formulated plans to produce a £100m training and academy facility on land opposite their stadium, studying training facilities around the world in an attempt to create the world's foremost development in its field. This came in conjunction with the announcement in 2014 that they had received planning permission to increase their stadium capacity. Further investment came in the field of fan engagement, where City committed themselves to a policy of winning the global popularity contest with a mass display of social media. Since the start of the 2016–17 season, Manchester City have been coached by former Barcelona and Bayern Munich coach Pep Guardiola.
Under City Football Group, Manchester City Football Club have lifted the 2010–11 FA Cup, 2011–12 Premier League, 2012 FA Community Shield, 2013–14 Football League Cup, 2013–14 Premier League, 2015–16 Football League Cup, 2017–18 EFL Cup, 2017–18 Premier League, 2018 FA Community Shield, 2018–19 EFL Cup, 2018–19 Premier League, 2018–19 FA Cup, 2019 FA Community Shield, 2019–20 EFL Cup, 2020–21 EFL Cup, 2020–21 Premier League, 2021–22 Premier League, 2022–23 Premier League, 2022–23 FA Cup, 2022–23 UEFA Champions League and the 2023 UEFA Super Cup.
In April 2022, a report from Der Spiegel, based on leaked internal documents, claimed that the Abu Dhabi owners had previously made payments into the club disguised as sponsorship payments by Emirati companies like Etihad and Etisalat (the same claim that the club had successfully defended at CAS in 2020); Sheikh Mansour's Abu Dhabi United Group had allegedly indirectly paid for underage players to sign with the club; and that the club had allegedly used a fictitious contract between Roberto Mancini and Mansour's Al Jazira to pay large compensation fees to the former manager, in addition to his salary. The three cases were under investigation by the Premier League for the last three years. In response, the club dismissed these claims as untrue, where sources close to the club said the report was a continuation of an “orchestrated campaign” and part of “an endless attempt to damage us”.
Manchester City Women
Although Manchester City Women had existed since 1988 (previously under the name Manchester City Ladies), they existed solely as an external affiliate of the club until August 2012, with few shared resources and with CFG enjoying no control over the club's management. Four years after the purchase of Manchester City, an agreement was signed in which the affiliated women's team would come under full control of Manchester City, and would effectively become a department of the same organisation.
Shortly after taking control of the club, the side was relaunched as Manchester City Women's Football Club, and applied successfully to join the top tier of English women's football – the recently created FA Women's Super League. When the new Manchester City training ground was constructed, it was specifically designed to include the women's team as equal partners, and the encouragement of the women's team to have access to the same sports science and analysts as the men's teams was considered pioneering at the time. They won their first major in the 2014 FA WSL Cup, and they have become one of the most successful sides in the professional era of women's football in England, with a total of one league title, three Women's FA Cups and four FA WSL Cups.
New York City
Founded in 2013, New York City joined the American Major League Soccer as the 20th expansion team; their first season of actual competition was in 2015, alongside Orlando City. To date, they are the only team built from scratch by City Football Group. CFG own 80% of NYCFC, with the remaining 20% owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, the parent company of the New York Yankees, at whose home stadium they play their matches. The club's first employee was former Manchester City and US national team player Claudio Reyna, who was appointed as Director of Football, and undertook much of the initial building of the club, before moving on in 2019.
Building on their work in Manchester, City Football Group announced the creation of a bespoke training facility, using the name "City Football Academy", as would become standard across the group, in Orangeburg, New York, just outside of the city limits: it opened in 2018. New York City's first season results were modest, but since their second season they have made the MLS Cup Playoffs in every season. They lifted the MLS Cup for the first time in 2021.
New York City II
In late 2021, MLS announced the creation of a new division, which the USSF recognised as a third-tier league in the US football league pyramid. NYCFC were announced to be one of the 21 clubs which would enter it as a founder-member. To this end, they launched a development team, called New York City II (frequently referred to as NYCFC II or NYCFC2).
Melbourne City
One of seven expansion sides in the A-League Men, Melbourne City originally joined their league as a new franchise in 2010 under the name of Melbourne Heart. In so doing, they became the first club to join the league in a city where the A-League already had a presence, instantly creating a rivalry with founder member Melbourne Victory in what is now known as the Melbourne derby. Although Melbourne Heart won the first Melbourne derby, their early performances in the league were poor, qualifying for the playoffs only once in the first four seasons and finishing in last place in the 2013–14 season.
City Football Group's purchase of Melbourne Heart was announced on 23 January 2014, in a deal worked out with a consortium of businessmen related to local rugby league club Melbourne Storm. Under the new ownership, they changed their name to Melbourne City in June of the same year, with the club switching to sky blue jerseys in 2017 – their previous red and white stripes would be retained as their away colours, however. In 2015, they opened a new City Football Academy facility at La Trobe University, based on the designs and principles of the Manchester training ground of the same name, and began construction of a larger base in the south of the city in 2021. In 2016, the club won their first major honour by beating Sydney in the final of the Australia Cup (then known as the FFA Cup), while they claimed their first league trophies by winning both the A-League Premier's Plate and the A-League Champions Trophy in 2021.
Melbourne City Youth
As part of the expansion of the National Premier Leagues Victoria 1 (now known as NPL Victoria 2), Melbourne City had an application accepted to field a team based around their now-defunct Youth side in the competition along with five additional new entrants. On 6 December 2014, they announced the creation of their NPL team, which began competition in the 2015 season.
Although Melbourne City have seen much success in the junior age categories, they have not repeated this at the professional level, with no trophy wins. In 2019, when NPL Victoria 2 was split in half to create a new, lower, third tier NPL division, Melbourne City were one of the teams relegated to the lower level.
Melbourne City Women
Following the success of their investment in Manchester City's women's team, CFG announced their continued support of women's football with the creation of a women's department in Melbourne in 2015, which was accepted as an expansion team in the W-League.
Since its inception, the W-League had seen low levels of financial support from clubs into their female sides, with teams rarely spending even half of their budget cap. In this environment, Melbourne City were able to sweep the board in their first season, going undefeated all season to win both the league and the playoff trophies and setting a number of records. In total, Melbourne City have won the Premiership twice (in 2015–16 and 2019–20) and the championship four times (in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020).
Yokohama F. Marinos
As with many clubs in Japan, Yokohama F. Marinos were founded as a factory team of car manufacturing giant Nissan, and originally played under the name Nissan Motors F.C. Though the club changed its name to Yokohama Marinos when they turned professional in 1993, throughout their history they have remainder under Nissan's majority ownership. In 1999, the club merged with local rivals Yokohama Flugels, after the Flugels went into insolvancy – the combination of the two teams resulted in the current name Yokohama F. Marinos. Over their history, they have been one of Japan's more successful clubs, winning the Japanese top division league title on six occasions, along with twelve domestic cups and two continental trophies.
On 20 May 2014, it was announced that City Football Group had invested in a minority share of Yokohama F. Marinos, creating a partnership with both the football club and car manufacturer Nissan. Through their contacts in the game, CFG would bring several managers in succession to Yokohama. Australian Ange Postecoglou would be the most successful, winning the 2019 J1 League, the club's first league title for 15 seasons. At the same time, pundits noted that Yokohama's switch to playing a CFG-inspired possession game had influenced the way that football was played in Japan, with many other teams copying their style.
Montevideo City Torque
Montevideo City Torque were first created as Club Atlético Torque in 2007. The club adopted the moniker "Torque" as one of its founders was an electromechanic, and collectively the founders liked the concept of torque as a relationship between power and movement. Starting from the third tier – at that time the lowest level of the Uruguayan football league system – the club made steady progress, earning promotion to the Segunda División in 2011, achieving finishes in the top half of the Segunda División table by 2015.
On 5 April 2017, CFG announced that it had acquired Club Atletico Torque, a club in Montevideo currently playing in the Uruguayan Primera División. That season, the club won the Segunda División by nine points, being promoted to the Primera División for the first time. Though they came close to winning the Torneo Intermedio – which would have qualified them for the Copa Sudamericana – they would at the end of the season fall foul of the Primera División relegation rules, which saw the bottom three teams relegated based on a two-year rolling average of points per game. Nevertheless, they would win the Segunda División again in 2019 to return to the top flight again. In 2020 the club would also rename itself to Montevideo City Torque and alter the club badge, simultaneously announcing the creation of a training facility and academy system intended to be one of the best in South America.
On December 2019, City purchased Rincon City.
Montevideo City Torque Femenino
In 2021, Montevideo City Torque announced that they were creating a women's team, borne from City Football Group's desire to support and grow women's football; they recruited both a senior team and an under-19 side from a group of 100 trialists. The team was formed quickly enough to contest in the 2021 season of the Campeonato Femenino B, the second tier of women's football in Uruguay. In their first season, they won all seven of their First Phase games, but performed less well in the Promotion Phase, missing out on the chance to ascend to the top division at the first attempt.
Girona
On 23 August 2017, it was announced that the City Football Group had acquired 44.3% of La Liga side Girona. Another 44.3% was held by the Girona Football Group, led by Pere Guardiola, brother of Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola. Girona had previously been loaned a number of players by Manchester City while they were in the Segunda División, in what was seen by some as an attempt to attract Pep Guardiola to Manchester City. In August 2018, Girona had two loanees, both 21 years old, from Manchester City.
Girona B
In line with the Spanish standard of major teams operating B-teams as development squads for younger players, Girona owns a subsidiary team named simply Girona B, following the incorporation in 2011 of the formerly independent side Riudellots. At the time of the purchase of Girona by CFG, the club operated in the Segona Catalana division, the sixth level of football in Spain. As an official B-team, Girona B is ineligible for promotion to a higher division than any other Girona-affiliated side above them in the leagues - nor is it eligible to play in any cup competition in which Girona themselves already compete.
Girona additionally operated a primary B-team – Peralada – although this team was merely in partnership with Girona and neither Girona nor CFG had any ownership stake in the club. In 2019, the affiliation with Peralada was terminated as they were relegated to the Tercera División.
Girona FC Femení A
Though they had operated a women's side since 2017, Girona Femení A only came into being in 2020, when Girona purchased the women's section of local club Sant Pere Pescador, renaming them to match the club's identity.
Girona FC Femení B
Although Girona operated a senior women's team for a number of years, financial constraints had forced them to cease operations at the senior level in 2013 and by 2017 the Catalan club operated just three junior teams with a total of 41 youth players in their system. Barely two months before CFG bought into the ownership of Girona, the club announced an expansion of its female set-up, including the restoration of the senior women's team, to start competing in the fifth tier of women's football in Spain.
Sichuan Jiuniu
On 20 February 2019, it was announced that the City Football Group as well as UBTECH and China Sports Capital had acquired Sichuan Jiuniu
Mumbai City
City Football Group was announced as majority stakeholder of Mumbai City on Thursday 28 November 2019, after acquiring 65% of the club. Mumbai City is a professional football club based in Mumbai, competing in the Indian Super League. Since CFG’s takeover of Mumbai City, the club saw its initial success by being the first team to win both premiership and championship in a single season in 2020-21, and then winning the premiership again in the 2022-23 season
Mumbai City Reserves
Mumbai City Reserves were announced to be competing for the first time in the I-League 2nd Division, the third tier of Indian football.
Lommel
City Football Group was announced as majority stakeholder of Lommel on Monday 11 May 2020, acquiring the majority (unspecified) of the shares of the club. Lommel is a professional football club based in Lommel, competing in the Belgian First Division B (second tier).
Troyes
On 3 September 2020, City Football Group announced that they had purchased the shares of the former owner of Ligue 2 club Troyes from Daniel Masoni, making them the majority shareholder. The club won the championship and was promoted to Ligue 1 at the end of the 2020–2021 season.
Troyes Reserves
The development side of Troyes, known variously as Troyes Reserves and Troyes 2, play in Group F (Grand Est) of the Championnat National 3, the fifth tier of the French football league system.
Troyes Féminine
Troyes are represented in the women's game by Troyes Féminine, a senior side who compete in Grand Est Regional 1 (the third tier of women's football in France), having been denied promotion to Division 2 Féminine by the early closing of the 2019–20 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Palermo
In July 2022, CFG acquired a 80% majority stake of Italian Serie B club Palermo.
Bahia
On December 3, 2022, City Football Group acquired 90% of Bahia. The deal was finalized on May 4 2023.
Honours achieved under CFG ownership
The following senior-level and some youth trophies have been won by City Football Group teams while under the ownership and control of the group. Trophies won before the inclusion in the City Football Group are not listed in this section:
List by club
Girona
Segunda División
Play-off Winners (1): 2021–22
Supercopa de Catalunya
Winners (1): 2019
Girona B
Primera Catalana
Winners (1): 2019–20
Segona Catalana
Winners (1): 2017–18
Manchester City
Premier League
Winners (7): 2011–12, 2013–14, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23
FA Cup
Winners (3): 2010–11, 2018–19, 2022–23
EFL Cup
Winners (6): 2013–14, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21
FA Community Shield
Winners (3): 2012, 2018, 2019
UEFA Champions League
Winners (1): 2022–23
UEFA Super Cup
Winners (1): 2023
Manchester City Women
FA WSL 1:
Winners (1): 2016
FA Women's Cup:
Winners (3): 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20
FA WSL Continental Cup:
Winners (4): 2014, 2016, 2018–19, 2021–22
Melbourne City
A-League Club Championship
Winners (2) : 2021–22, 2022-23
A-League Men
A-League champions (1): 2020–21
A-League premiers (3): 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23
Australia Cup
Winners (1): 2016
Melbourne City Women
A-League Women:
W-League champions (4): 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20
W-League premiers (2): 2015–16, 2019–20
Montevideo City Torque
Segunda División
Winners (2): 2017, 2019
Montevideo City Torque Femenino
Segunda Division
Winners (1): 2022
Torneo Segunda Division Apertura
Winners (1): 2022
Torneo Segunda Division Clausura
Winners (1): 2022
Mumbai City
Indian Super League
Champions (1): 2020–21
Premiers (2): 2020–21, 2022–23
New York City
Campeones Cup
Winners (1): 2022
MLS Cup
Winners (1): 2021
Eastern Conference (Playoff)
Title Winners: 2021
Troyes
Ligue 2
Winners (1): 2020–21
Troyes feminine
División 3
Winners (1): 2022–23
Coupe Du Grand Est Feminine
Winners (1): 2022–23
Bahia
Campeonato Baiano
Winners (1): 2023
Bahia Femenino
Campeonato Baiano Femenino
Winners (1): 2023
Club Bolivar
División de Fútbol Profesional
Winners (1): 2022-A
Sichuan Jiuniu
China League One
Winners (1): 2023
Yokohama F. Marinos
J1 League
Winners (2): 2019, 2022
Japanese Super Cup
Winners (1): 2023
Awards
World Football Summit
Best internationalization Strategy 2023
Ballon d'Or
Club Of The Year (1): 2022 (Man City)
Men's Club Of The Year (1): 2023 (Man City)
Esport
EA Sport FC
ePremier League
Winners (1):2021 (Man City)
eMLS Series 1
Winners (1) : 2021 (New York City FC)
eMLS Series 2
Winners (1) : 2021 (New York City FC)
eMLS Final Series
Winners (1) : 2021 (New York City FC)
eChampions League Invitational
Winners (1): 2019 (New York City FC)
FIFA Online 4
FIFA Online 4 Star League Season 12 Winners (Man City China)
Fortnite
Dream Hack San Diego 2023 (Man City)
Table of honours won
1 Includes lower league titles plus any cups not available to top division clubs, but does not include cups considered non-competitive for statistics purposes (such as pre-season competitions or local FA tournaments habitually contested by reserve sides).
2 Includes titles won while under control of City Football Group personnel, but before the creation of the company itself.
3 Girona were acquired by CFG in 2017 and have operated a women's team for the whole of their time in CFG. However, the Femení A team only came into existence in 2020 when local team FC Sant Pere Pescador sold their women's team to Girona, allowing Girona to operate a women's team at a more professional level.
4 Although MCWFC have been affiliated to Manchester City since their creation in the 1980s, they only came under CFG control when the two clubs merged in 2014.
5 Although the EDS have operated as Manchester City's reserve team for considerably longer than CFG have owned the club, they only began competing in a senior competition in 2017–18 when they were given a place in the EFL Trophy.
6 In the 2019–20 season, ISL teams were invited to enter reserve teams into the I-League 2nd Division, a second-tier competition. The season was cut short in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and in subsequent seasons reserve teams were not eligible to participate.
Intra-CFG matches
Though City Football Group has existed for a number of years, competing schedules and priorities have limited the number of occasions on which CFG teams have been able to contest matches against each other. The following record lists the games played between CFG teams while both have been under common ownership:
CFG partner clubs
Club Bolivar
It was announced on 12 January 2021 that Club Bolivar had become the first partner club for the group. Club Bolivar is the most successful Bolivian club, having won 30 domestic titles since it was founded in La Paz on 12 April 1925. The owner of the club, Marcelo Claure, is also part of the ownership group of Inter Miami alongside David Beckham, as well as being COO of SoftBank Group with Masayoshi Son (CEO of Softbank) as well as Jorge Mas and Jose Mas from MasTec respectively.
Honours after partnership :
División de Fútbol Profesional (1): 2022-A
Vannes
It was announced on 17 February 2021 that French fourth tier side Vannes had become the latest partner club for the group. The two clubs were already linked after Vannes' President Maxime Ray had joined CFG to become a minority shareholder in Troyes as part of the 2020 purchase, though he agreed to have no operational role at Troyes as part of the takeover.
Geylang International
It was announced on 1 February 2023 that Singapore Premier League club Geylang International had become the first Southeast Asian partner club for the group. The agreement is set to be an initial, highly targeted collaboration between both entities with the potential to evolve into a broader, more comprehensive strategic partnership in the future.
Businesses
Goals Soccer Centers
On 25 July 2017, City Football Group signed a joint venture partnership with Goals Soccer Centres, a 5-a-side football pitch operator, to invest capital into the US operations of the company in order to expand across North America. On 3 February 2020, CFG purchased the remaining 50% to take full ownership of the joint venture – operating under the Americanised name Goals Soccer Centers – following the near-collapse of their partner as a result of historic fraud allegations.
See also
Manchester City F.C. ownership and finances
References
Holding companies established in 2014
Companies based in Manchester
2014 establishments in England
British companies established in 2014
Sports holding companies
Sports companies of the United Kingdom
Association football companies |
Route 296 is 60 km two-lane north/south highway in Quebec, Canada, which starts west of Sainte-Françoise at the junction of Route 293 and ends in Saint-Michel-du-Squatec at the junction of Route 295. Provincial highways with even numbers usually follow the Saint Lawrence River in a somewhat east/west direction, but Route 296 is a north/south highway in most of its length.
Towns along Route 296
Saint-Michel-du-Squatec
Biencourt
Lac-des-Aigles
Saint-Guy
Saint-Médard
Sainte-Françoise
See also
List of Quebec provincial highways
References
External links
Provincial Route Map (Courtesy of the Quebec Ministry of Transportation)
Route 296 on Google Maps
296 |
Grant Morrison: Talking with Gods is a feature-length documentary that takes an in depth look at the life, career and mind of the Scottish comic book writer Grant Morrison. Talking with Gods features interviews with Morrison and many of their collaborators, such as artists, editors and other industry professionals.
Background
Talking with Gods is the first documentary co-produced by Sequart and Respect Films. The film grew out of Our Sentence is Up: Seeing The Invisibles, a book-length exploration of Morrison's seminal comic book series. After completing the book, Sequart pitched Morrison on the idea of a documentary chronicling their life and work. They agreed, and filming began in April 2009. Over the next year, the filmmakers traveled to Los Angeles, New York, London and Glasgow to interview Morrison's friends and collaborators.
Among those interviewed are Executive Editor of DC Comics Dan DiDio, and Karen Berger - Executive Editor of DC Comics' Vertigo. Artists interviewed in the film include Phil Jimenez, Jill Thompson, Cameron Stewart, Frazer Irving, Steve Cook, and many others. The film also features interviews with Morrison's collaborators Geoff Johns and Mark Waid, as well as counterculture personalities like Richard Metzger and Douglas Rushkoff. The actress Amber Benson is interviewed briefly on the subject of Morrison's comic series, We3.
Plot
The film tracks chronologically through Morrison's life, emphasizing the connections between their life and their writing. It follows Morrison's development from being a shy and sometimes depressed teenager with an obsession for comics, through their years of explosive self-realization in the 1990s, ultimately leading to a happy and well adjusted married life in Scotland contemplating the future.
Release
News broke in July 2010 that indie film distributor Halo-8 Entertainment had picked up the film for a November 2010 release at New York Comic-Con, followed by a theatrical release run.
The film premiered to general critical acclaim. It is currently available on DVD, and was also free to stream via Hulu (in North America) and YouTube. The film was followed by a similarly themed documentary on Warren Ellis titled Warren Ellis: Captured Ghosts. The same team is currently working on The Image Revolution, a documentary history of Image Comics.
See also
The Mindscape of Alan Moore
Warren Ellis: Captured Ghosts
She Makes Comics
References
Further reading
External links
Talking with Gods on producer Sequart's site
Full-Length Film on Documentary Storm
Trailer
Interview with director Patrick Meaney—The Sci-Fi Block
Interview with director Patrick Meaney—Matinee Idles
Documentary films about comics
Documentary films about writers
2010s English-language films |
Parcele Jeżewice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarczyn, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Tarczyn, south-west of Piaseczno, and south-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Piaseczno County |
Lake Overstreet is a lake in Leon County, Florida, United States. It is in size and falls within the property of Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park and is just northwest of Lake Hall by . Access to the lake is only by hiking and mountain bike trails.
The lake and land surrounding it were part of the Lafayette Land Grant. During antebellum years, this lake was within Andalusia Plantation owned by Frenchman Emile Dubois. Later, it was the western border of Live Oak Plantation.
Fish found in Lake Overstreet include largemouth bass, bluegills and bream.
Sources
Taltrust
Paisley, Clifton; From Cotton To Quail, University of Florida Press, c1968.
Overstreet
Overstreet |
Horace Ezra Bixby (May 8, 1826 – August 1, 1912) was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi-Missouri-Ohio river system from the late 1840s until his death in 1912. Bixby is notable in his own right for his high standing in his profession, for his technical contributions to it, and for his service in the American Civil War. However, he is best known for having had as his "cub pilot" (that is, apprentice or trainee) the young man known to him as Sam Clemens, later to become famous under his pen name as American author Mark Twain. Twain's descriptions of Bixby's character and pedagogic style form a good part of his memoir Life on the Mississippi, and it was through this medium that Bixby—much to his annoyance—became well-known beyond the circles of his family, friends and profession.
Early life
Horace Bixby was born in Geneseo, New York, a town near Rochester in the Finger Lakes region of New York, on May 8, 1826, to Sylvanus and Hanna Bixby. While still in his teens, he left home and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he first worked in a tailor's shop, and then became a mud clerk on the packet boat Olivia. Within two years, he had become the Olivia pilot.
Pre-Civil War career
As Twain describes at length in Life on the Mississippi, a rare combination of skills and talents, honed to perfection and maintained there by unremitting drill, was required in the mid-nineteenth century, in order to safely navigate a steamboat on the Mississippi and the Missouri, "vast streams...whose alluvial banks cave and change constantly, whose snags are always hunting up new quarters, whose sandbars are never at rest, whose channels are for ever dodging and shirking, and whose obstructions must be confronted in all nights and all weathers without [at that time] the aid of a single light-house or a single buoy." The pilot needed to have total, perfect, and instantaneous recall for every detail of the river's meandering and ever-changing channel, with its chutes, islands, sandbars, underwater rocks, "reefs", snags, and sunken wrecks. He needed to be able to intuit exactly how any rise or fall in the river would affect its minimum depth at hundreds of shoal places, and know how to read the surface of the water "like a book." Finally, and most importantly, the successful pilot required "good and quick judgment and decision, and a cool, calm courage that no peril can shake." Successful pilots were able to command a salary variously reported as six times that of a clergyman and greater than that of the Vice President of the United States. In this demanding profession, Horace Bixby was an acknowledged master.
A steamboat's pilot had not only to keep the boat safe from navigational hazards, but also to complete each journey in the shortest possible time. The unusually good speed that he was able to make without compromising safety earned him the title "Lightning" Bixby. Switzer attributes this sobriquet to his having once completed the voyage from New Orleans to St. Louis in only 4 days, 14 hours and 20 minutes. Twain recounts an incident in which Bixby saved his steamboat a full night's delay by a tour de force of piloting, prompting another pilot aboard at the time to exclaim, "By the Shadow of Death, but he's a lightning pilot!"
Bixby was also unusual in that he held a pilot's licence for all three of the major inland waterways—the lower Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Ohio—rather than only for one, as was the case with most pilots. Piloting on the Missouri during Bixby's first years there (1856–58) presented special challenges due to the undeveloped nature of the country through which it passed; a steamboat might find its forward progress impeded "by buffalo herds crossing the river one day and by Sioux warriors the next."
A partial list of the boats on which Bixby was employed as pilot during this period includes Olivia, Hungarian, Paul Jones, Colonel Crossman, Crescent City, Rufus J. Lackland, William M. Morrison, New Falls City, and Aleck Scott. Bixby's time on the Colonel Crossman included an explosion in which 14 people were killed.
Early relationship with Twain
Bixby first met Twain in February 1857, when the latter was 21 years old. Twain was traveling to New Orleans on the Paul Jones, on the way to South America, where he planned to raise coca, a legal crop at the time, as the process of extracting cocaine from it had not yet been invented. However, he had harbored a boyhood dream of becoming a river pilot, which he decided to make one more effort to pursue. After some negotiations, Bixby agreed to teach him the lower Mississippi for $500, of which $100 was paid in advance and the balance was to be paid out of his salary after becoming a pilot. As it happened, Twain was able to pay only $300 before the outbreak of the Civil War shut down all commercial traffic on the Mississippi. He and Bixby agreed between them to cancel the remaining balance. For much of the next two years, Twain served his apprenticeship under Bixby, though occasionally his mentor placed him with other pilots, such as during the period when Bixby was learning, and working on, the Missouri River. After Twain got his licence, the two of them worked together as pilots on the Crescent City and the New Falls City. In Life on the Mississippi, Twain portrays Bixby as an "irascible but lovable mentor."
One point on which Bixby's friends took issue with Twain was his portrayal of Bixby as "a profane man," that is, as someone who occasionally used profanity for emphasis in conversation. They reported him to be a person who was always "gentle of speech." Note however that there was a difference in the etiquette of shore-based discourse and that on board a vessel, where the use of bad language by the crew (among themselves) was commonplace, and even expected.
Civil War service
Horace Bixby served as pilot of the USS Benton from October 25, 1861 until August 28, 1862. The Benton was the flagship of the Mississippi River Squadron, and both Twain and Bixby's obituary refer to him as having been the squadron's "Chief Pilot" at the time of the Battle of Memphis. Bixby's obituary states that he "always held the Union victory at Memphis due to the information he gave Commodore Foote."
Post-war career
Horace Bixby was one of the pilots of the steamboat Bertrand, which sank on April 1, 1865, after hitting a snag in the Missouri River, north of Omaha, Nebraska, in what was to become the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge. The wreck of the Bertrand was excavated in 1968, and much of its cargo as survived—over 500,000 artifacts—are on display at the museum of the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge near Missouri Valley, Iowa.
In the last few decades of his life, Bixby worked on the river both as pilot and as captain. (A captain was in charge of all aspects of his boat's management for its navigation while underway, which was the exclusive province of the pilot on duty, and in which the captain was forbidden to interfere.) During much of this period, Bixby worked as a captain for the Anchor Line, and owned more stock in the company than any other employee, having heavily invested in one of its predecessor companies.
Together with George Richey, Bixby was granted a patent for a new type of binnacle light in 1871. This invention was part of a larger project to improve the safety of navigation on the river. As described by Twain, "Horace Bixby and George Ritchie [sic] have charted the crossings and laid out the courses by compass; they have invented a lamp to go with the chart, and have patented the whole. With these helps, one may run [the boat] in the fog now, with considerable security, and with a confidence unknown in the old days."
A partial list of the boats on which Bixby served during this period, and the positions he held, includes City of Natchez (Master, 1885-1886), Crystal City (Captain, 1887), City of Hickman (Master, 1890), City of Alton (Captain), and City of Baton Rouge (Master). Bixby was a part-owner of the City of Alton, having purchased it in partnership with his father-in-law and two other men.
Bixby remained professionally active until the very end of his life. His final command assignment, of the government snagboat Horatio G. Wright, was completed on July 30, 1912. He was awaiting a call to take out the government tugboat Nokomis when he died two days later, in Maplewood, Missouri, on August 1. As his obituary stated, "He died as he often said he wished to die, 'in the harness.'"
Later relationship with Twain
When Twain returned to the Mississippi River, in the spring of 1882, to collect material for the later chapters of Life on the Mississippi, Bixby was happy to meet him in New Orleans. By all evidence, they remained life-long friends.
Although it appears that Bixby did not greatly blame Twain for his portrayal of him, the charm of being associated with him in the public mind, and of being pestered by reporters for yet more details about their time together, quickly paled. Bixby's obituary states that "Captain Bixby received hundreds of letters from strangers, who knew him solely through Mark Twain's books. This became distasteful to him, and during late years he had avoided all mention of Mark Twain's name." Waterways Journal of April 30, 1910 reports that, "In Memphis one time, [Bixby] told a reporter that he wished Mark Twain were dead so he wouldn't be bothered in retailing reminiscences about him longer. He was annoyed when the remark was printed, but there is no record that Mark Twain ever heard of it, and if he had, it was just the sort of a whimsicality that he would have appreciated."
Family and portrait
Bixby was first married to Susan Weibling of New Orleans. According to Switzer, the marriage took place in 1853, but other sources date it in 1860. They had no children who survived infancy, and she died in 1867. In 1869, he married Mary Sheble, daughter of Captain Edwin A. Sheble of St. Louis, with whom he had three children, a daughter, Edwina, and two sons, Edwin and George Mason. Edwina married Dr. Louis T. Pim in 1901, and by 1910 Horace and Mary had come to live with them. Mary Bixby survived her husband by nine years, dying in 1921. The two of them are buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.
A portrait photograph of Horace Bixby may be viewed in the collection of UW-La Crosse.
Portrayal in media
Horace Bixby was portrayed by Robert Barrat in the 1944 film The Adventures of Mark Twain, by Robert Lansing in the Great Performances episode Life on the Mississippi, and by Doug Mancheski in the American Folklore Theatre production of the musical Life on the Mississippi.
Notes
References
.
Author website: Jerome Loving
Portrait photograph of Horace Bixby and biographical note:
1826 births
1912 deaths
People from Geneseo, New York
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
Maritime history of the United States
Transport pioneers |
Anaïs Nin: A Biography is Deirdre Bair's award-winning biography of writer Anaïs Nin. It is considered arguably by many to be the most comprehensive, well-researched, and scholarly biography available of Nin. Though the biography has received praise, it has also angered some fans of Anaïs Nin as well as some of her former associates, some of whom claim that Bair's critical and rigorous investigation of Anaïs Nin's life is unsympathetic.
A famous quote by Anaïs Nin is "We don't see things as they are, we see things as we are".
Biographer Deirdre Bair has also gained notice for her biographies of Simone de Beauvoir, Samuel Beckett and Carl Jung.
External links
Salon article about Anaïs Nin: A Biography
Biographies about writers |
Barfatan (, also Romanized as Barfatān and Baraftān) is a village in Estarabad Rural District, Kamalan District, Aliabad County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,837, in 479 families.
References
Populated places in Aliabad County |
Griffon Corporation is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in New York City. The company conducts its operations through five subsidiaries: The AMES Companies, ClosetMaid, Clopay Building Products, and CornellCookson. Griffon has been publicly traded since 1961 and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange as a component stock of the S&P SmallCap 600, S&P Composite 1500, and Russell 2000 indices.
Griffon operates as a diversified management and holding company conducting business through Worldwide owned subsidiaries. Griffon provides direction and assistance to its subsidiaries in connection with acquisition and growth opportunities as well as in connection with divestitures. Griffon focuses on acquiring, owning, and operating businesses in a variety of industries, and intends to continue the growth of its existing segments and diversify further through investments and acquisitions.
Griffon's subsidiaries include:
The AMES Companies is a manufacturer of non electronically powered lawn and garden tools and accessories.
ClosetMaid is a North American manufacturer and distributor of wood and wire home storage and organization products.
Clopay Building Products is a manufacturer of residential and commercial sectional doors, and is North America's largest manufacturer of residential garage doors.
CornellCookson is a leader in the manufacture of commercial rolling steel doors and security grilles in North America.
History
Founding and early years (1959–1964)
In 1959, Long Island businessman Helmuth W. Waldorf – a tool and die maker's apprentice who had immigrated to the United States from Germany to study at Columbia University – founded a small defense electronics company in College Point, Queens that was initially named Waldorf Controls Corporation but changed its name later that year to Instrument Systems Corporation (ISC). In 1961, ISC issued shares to the public and bolstered its fledgling avionics business by acquiring Telephonics Corporation. Established in December 1933, Telephonics was among a handful of aviation electronics pioneers that formed the nucleus of the aviation and defense industry on Long Island during the mid-20th century. ISC struggled financially in its early years. To reposition the company for future growth, ISC's major stakeholders, including Waldorf and director Lester Avnet, the president of Avnet Electronics Corporation and son of its founder Charles Avnet, turned to a highly regarded former executive at Loral Corporation, Edward Garrett.
Edward J. Garrett era (1964–1982)
Edward Garrett was named chairman and president of ISC in 1964. Following a strategy that had proved successful at Loral, Garrett transformed ISC by closing deficit-ridden plants, seeking civilian markets as well as government research-and-development contracts, and acquiring a wide array of young growth-oriented companies, mainly in defense and commercial electronics and manufacturing. In 1966, Garrett brought in his son-in-law, Harvey Blau, a former Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, as General Counsel to help navigate legal issues and close transactions. ISC purchased 20 companies in 1968 alone, ranking second in acquisitions nationwide that year, as investor appetite for corporate conglomerates reached its peak. That year ISC listed its stock on the American Stock Exchange, which was then home to many fast-growing companies. ISC's subsidiaries operated plants throughout the United States and Canada producing electronic devices, special purpose trucks, hardware tools, batteries, furniture, decorative glassware, plastic packaging, calculators and data processors, and sheet-metal building products, among others. ISC's biggest contracts of the Garrett era exemplified the company's continued ability to leverage innovative technologies it had developed for military or government purposes and apply them to civilian use. For example, after successfully producing communications systems for the U.S. military, Telephonics won multi-year contracts to produce multiplex passenger entertainment systems for the new Boeing 747 and Lockheed L-1011 wide-body airplanes.
Garrett's aggressive strategy grew ISC at an astonishing rate in less than a decade: net sales increased from $5.7 million in 1964 to $165.2 million in 1970 and total assets from $4.1 million to $120.4 million in the same period. In 1970, ISC was listed for the first time on the prestigious Fortune 500 list of America's largest companies. As the 1970s progressed, however, Garrett's strategy faced stiff headwinds. Conglomerates had fallen out of favor with investors, who preferred companies to focus on a single industry, and with the Nixon Administration, which was concerned about mass layoffs after acquisitions. As the Vietnam War winded down, U.S. defense spending also started to decrease. The first and second oil crises as well as the recessions of 1973–1975 and the early 1980s further diminished ISC's prospects. As a result of these macroeconomic developments and the divestiture of underperforming divisions, ISC's revenues fell from $233.25 million in 1974 to $104.3 million in 1982 – the year Garrett died at age 64.
Harvey R. Blau era (1982–2008)
Following Edward Garrett's death in 1982, Harvey R. Blau was named chairman of the board and CEO. Blau moved ISC from "the brink of not surviving” back on a profitable footing by accelerating Garrett's divestiture and cost-cutting plan and selling ISC's window, lighting and metal casting operations. The new leadership also improved the company's finances by raising capital via a rights offering to existing shareholders, boosting shareholder equity from $4.6 million to $33.7 million and reducing long-term debt. “What we have left is what we want and it’s profitable,” Blau told shareholders in 1983. ISC's subsidiaries also successfully secured new business. Telephonics received orders to develop components for the central integrated test system of Rockwell International's B-1B bomber, communications and radio control systems for Lockheed S-3A aircraft and Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk LAMPS MK III helicopters, and a new advanced audio communications system for NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter spaceplane.
In addition to strengthening ISC's existing lines of business, Blau pursued a price-conscious acquisition strategy and reestablished a conglomerate structure by purchasing undervalued growth-oriented companies in unrelated industry sectors in order to diversify ISC's source of revenue and earnings. In 1984, ISC acquired troubled clothing manufacturer Oneita Knitting Mills, Inc., for $14 million. Blau and his team renamed the company Oneita Industries, restructured its finances, and grew it to the country's third-largest maker of specialty T-shirts, tripling sales to $300 million within a few years. ISC took Oneita public in 1988, selling 34 percent of shares for about $9 million, and had divested the remainder of the company by 1993.
The purchase of Clopay Corporation in 1986 for $37 million represented ISC's most successful diversification effort under Blau. Founded as a paper wholesaler in 1859, this Cincinnati-based company started to produce window coverings during World War II and subsequently changed its name to Clopay, a portmanteau of "cloth and paper." Clopay entered the plastic film and garage door business in 1952 and 1966, respectively. It was these two divisions that would become key elements of ISC's growth in the 1990s and 2000s. By building long-term relationships with key strategic business partners, ISC built Clopay into the leading manufacturer of residential garage doors in the United States and one of the suppliers of plastic films for diapers, surgical gowns, and drapes. In 1991, Clopay accounted for 70 percent of ISC's $50 million operating income.
Although Blau had transformed ISC into a streamlined holding company with three thriving core businesses – plastics, garage doors, and electronics – within a decade, Wall Street hadn't noticed. "We're very frustrated that we haven't gotten our story across," Blau stated at the time. To raise ISC's profile, Blau moved the company's stock from the American Stock Exchange to the more prestigious New York Stock Exchange in 1994 and changed its name to Griffon Corporation after the mythical half-lion, half-eagle that represented strength through diversity and was known for guarding valuable treasure.
Griffon continued to grow from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s. Sales surpassed the $1 billion mark in 1999 and $1.5 billion mark in 2006. Clopay Plastics formed a joint venture named Finotech with German-based Corovin GmbH to manufacture specialty plastic films and laminates in Europe in 1996, taking a 60 percent stake in the new company. Finotech provided Clopay Plastics with a platform for further international expansion. Clopay purchased Bohme Verpackungsfolien GmbH & Co., a German manufacturer of plastic packaging and specialty films in 1998 and a 60 percent stake in Isofilme Ltda, a Brazilian manufacturer of plastic hygienic and specialty films, in 2002. Three years later, Clopay acquired full ownership in Finotech and Isofilme. Telephonics won its first contract for more than $100 million in 1997. It received $114 million from the British Royal Air Force to supply communications equipment to upgrade Nimrod anti-submarine airplanes. However, Telephonics reduced its overall dependence on military contracts and expanded its commercial and nondefense government business. Among others, it won a $26 million contract to supply wireless communications equipment for 1,080 New York City Subway cars in 1997. Griffon's garage door subsidiary expanded in step with the residential housing boom in the United States. It added a home installation service for residential building products such as garage doors, manufactured fireplaces, floor coverings, and cabinetry. In 1997, Griffon purchased Holmes-Hally Industries for about $35 million. Holmes-Hally was a West Coast manufacturer and installer of residential garage doors and related hardware with $80 million in annual sales. By 2006, the installation services subsidiary served 17 percent of all new residential housing in the United States.
The bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2007 and subsequent collapse of the subprime mortgage industry and global financial crisis affected the garage door and installation services subsidiaries severely and depressed Griffon's overall financial results. Net sales of the garage doors subsidiary declined by 13 percent in 2007 and 10.5 percent in 2008 with operating profits decreasing from $41 million in 2006 to $7 million in 2007 to -$17 million in 2008. Net sales of the installation services subsidiary shrunk from $309 million in 2006 to $251 million in 2007 to $109 million in 2008, forcing Griffon to discontinue the installation services business in 2008. Griffon's overall net income shrunk from $52 million to $22 million to -$41 million in the same time period. Griffon also came under pressure from shareholders during this crisis. In 2007, the hedge fund Clinton Group, which was Griffon's second-largest shareholder at 8.5 percent, urged the company to boost its share price by purchasing 50 percent of the shares outstanding and also demanded the right to appoint the majority of Griffon directors. In response, Blau hired Goldman Sachs to evaluate strategic alternatives for the company.
Ronald J. Kramer era (2008–present)
As Harvey Blau approached his 25th anniversary as Griffon CEO, he concluded that it was time for new leadership to lead the company through the Great Recession and return it to a growth trajectory. Just as Blau had succeeded his father-in-law Edward Garrett in 1982, he was succeeded by his son-in-law Ron Kramer on April 1, 2008. Blau continued as non-executive chairman of the board. An investment banker who had married Blau's daughter Stephanie in 1992, Kramer had served on the company's board of directors since 1993 and was elected vice chairman in 2003.
To improve Griffon's balance sheet, Kramer secured a new $100 million revolving line of credit from JPMorgan Chase, exited the residential installation services business, which had experienced a 65-percent decline in net sales over 3 years (see above), refinanced Griffon's senior debt, and raised about $250 million from a stock offering and investments by Goldman Sachs, Kramer, and existing Griffon shareholders. Griffon's recapitalization eliminated the need to meet near-term debt obligations and built a cash cushion for future acquisitions.
Concerned about reductions in U.S. defense spending with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan winding down, Griffon reduced Telephonics' staff from 1,400 in 2010 to 1,100 in 2012, restructured its facilities and organizational structure, and focused on expanding its presence in the growing homeland security, air traffic management, and unmanned aerial vehicle (“drone”) markets, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, Telephonics formed a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra to produce radar and surveillance systems for the Indian Ministry of Defense and the civilian sector near Delhi, India. This joint venture together with civilian contracts, such as a $23 million award from the Federal Aviation Administration in 2014 to upgrade airport surveillance radar, positioned Telephonics for further growth. To diversify revenue stream in the home and building products division, Griffon purchased Ames True Temper for $542 million in 2010. Founded in 1774, Ames was a manufacturer of non-powered landscaping tools. Kramer strengthened the new subsidiary through further acquisitions, which were integrated into Ames (renamed The AMES Companies). In 2011, Griffon acquired the Southern Patio pots and planters business from Southern Sales & Marketing Group for $23 million. To complement the Southern Patio brand, Griffon purchased Northcote Pottery, an Australian maker of garden decor products founded in 1897, for $22 million in late 2013. A few months later, Griffon acquired Cyclone, the Australian garden and tools division of Illinois Tool Works, for $40 million.
Griffon added further depth to senior management to better guide strategic decision-making, assist with acquisition and growth opportunities, and allocate resources more effectively. In 2009, Griffon hired Brian Harris from Dover Corporation as chief accounting officer, promoting him to vice president and controller in 2012 and senior vice president and CFO in 2015.
In 2012, the company named Robert Mehmel President and COO. Mehmel joined Griffon from DRS Technologies, a manufacturer of defense electronic products, systems, and military support services, which grew from $400 million to over $4 billion in sales during his tenure. In 2008, DRS was acquired by Italian conglomerate Finmeccanica for $5.2 billion which, at that time, was the largest single acquisition of a U.S. defense company by a foreign firm.
Kramer was appointed chairman of the board in 2018, succeeding Harvey Blau after his death in January 2018.
Between August 2011 and March 2018, Griffon repurchased 21.9 million shares of common stock for a total of $290 million. As of March 2018, there was additional repurchase authorization remaining of $21 million.
Portfolio reorganization
Starting in 2017, Griffon executed a series of transactions to increase shareholder value, and to reshape the company's portfolio with the objectives of better focusing and strengthening its core businesses. In October 2017, Griffon acquired the ClosetMaid home storage and organization business from Emerson (NYSE:EMR) for an effective purchase price of $165 million. ClosetMaid is expected to add $300 million of sales to Griffon's Home and Building Products segment. Griffon announced the combination of ClosetMaid with The AMES Companies in March 2018, with the expectation of unlocking additional value given the complementary customers, warehousing and distribution, manufacturing, and sourcing capabilities of the two businesses.
In November 2017, Griffon announced the sale of its Clopay Plastics business to Berry Global (NYSE:BERY) for $475 million. This transaction, which closed in February 2018, marked Griffon's exit from the specialty plastics industry that the company entered when it acquired Clopay in 1986. This divestiture provided immediate liquidity to Griffon, and is also expected to be a contributor to improving the company's future free cash flow conversion given the elevated capital needs of the Clopay Plastics operations as compared to Griffon's other subsidiaries.
Griffon bolstered its Clopay Building Products subsidiary with the acquisition of CornellCookson, a provider of rolling steel service doors, fire doors, and grilles, for an effective purchase price of $170 million. This transaction, completed in June 2018, rounds out the Clopay Building Products portfolio with a line of commercial rolling steel products to complement the existing Clopay sectional door offerings in the commercial industry.
During this time, Griffon also closed a number of acquisitions to strengthen The AMES Companies worldwide. In the United Kingdom, Griffon acquired La Hacienda, an outdoor living brand of unique heating and garden décor products, and KelKay, a manufacturer and distributor of decorative outdoor landscaping, in April 2017 and February 2018, respectively. These two businesses provided AMES with a platform for growth in the UK market are expected to help with building channels to garden centers, retailers, and grocers in the UK and Ireland.
In Australia, Griffon started 2017 announcing it had acquired Hills Home Living, the iconic brand of clotheslines and home products, from Hills Limited (ASX:HIL). Later, in September 2017, Griffon acquired Tuscan Path, a provider of pots, planters, pavers, decorative stone, and garden décor products.
In the United States, Griffon acquired Harper Brush Works, a U.S. manufacturer of cleaning products for professional, home, and industrial use, from Horizon Global (NYSE:HZN) in October 2017 to expand the AMES line of long-handle tools to include brooms, brushes, and other cleaning products.
Operating segments and subsidiaries
Griffon today conducts its operations through five wholly owned subsidiaries in two reportable segments.
Home and Building Products Segment
Griffon's Home and Building Products segment includes The AMES Companies, ClosetMaid, Clopay Building Products, and CornellCookson.
Clopay Building Products
Clopay Building Products (CBP) is the largest manufacturer and marketer of residential garage doors in North America and one of the largest manufacturers of industrial and commercial doors for the new construction, and repair, and remodel markets. CBP operates through a national network of over 50 distribution centers across North America, and sells to approximately 2,000 independent professional installing dealers as well as to major home center retail chains.
CBP's self-installment customers are Home Depot and Menards. CBP's family of brands includes Clopay, America's Favorite Garage Doors, Holmes Garage Door Company, and IDEAL Door.
CBP traces its operations to the purchase of garage door maker Baker-Aldor-Jones by Clopay Corporation in 1964, and the acquisition of Holmes-Hally Industries in 1997. Today, Clopay continues to manufacture its products in the United States, with headquarters and principal manufacturing sites in Ohio.
CornellCookson
CornellCookson is a North American manufacturer of rolling steel service doors, fire doors, counter doors and fire shutters, and security grilles. These products are designed for commercial, industrial, institutional, and retail applications. CornellCookson sells to a network of approximately 700 independent professional installing dealers as well as directly to national accounts.
CornellCookson traces its roots back to 1828, when founder George Cornell took over the blacksmith shop where he worked in Manhattan and formed Cornell Iron Works. Cornell was a major provider of cast iron products until the early 1900s, when the company began focusing exclusively on rolling steel door products. In 2008, Cornell Iron Works acquired the Cookson Door Company, another manufacturer of rolling steel door systems that was founded by the Cookson family in 1938. CornellCookson still manufactures its products in the United States, with principal manufacturing sites in Pennsylvania and Arizona.
The AMES Companies
Acquired by Griffon for $542 million in 2010, the AMES Companies ("Ames") are a provider of non-powered lawn and garden tools and accessories, including include long handle tools, wheelbarrows, planters, snow tools, striking tools, pruning tools, garden hoses, and clotheslines. AMES is one of the oldest companies in the United States in continuous operation, founded when Captain John Ames started his blacksmith shop making America's finest metal shovels in 1774. AMES continues to be a manufacturer of hand and long-handle tools to this day. Many of the other AMES businesses and brands, including True Temper, Garant, and Union Tool, can trace their histories back directly or through predecessor companies to the 1800s..
The largest customers of AMES are Home Depot, Lowe's, Walmart, Costco, and Bunnings Warehouse. AMES tool brands include AMES, True Temper, Union Tools, Garant, Cyclone, Kelso, Razor-Back, Jackson, Trojan, Trojan Cyclone, Supercraft, and Westmix. Garden hose, storage products and apparel care products are sold primarily under the AMES, NeverLeak, Nylex, Jackson, and Hills brands. Planters, landscaping and lawn accessories brands include Southern Patio, Northcote Pottery, Kelkay and Dynamic Design.
AMES maintains manufacturing operations in the United States and in Canada, and also has principal operations in Australia and the United Kingdom. AMES is headquartered in Pennsylvania. President Donald Trump visited the AMES wheelbarrow and manufacturing plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on May 7, 2017, to commemorate his 100th day in office while highlighting his emphasis on buying products that are made in America. The AMES plant in Harrisburg is the largest wheelbarrow factory in the world.
Telephonics Corporation
Griffon owned Telephonics between 1961 and 2022. Telephonics provides intelligence, surveillance, and communications solutions that are deployed across a wide range of land, sea, and air applications. Major product lines include radar systems for maritime surveillance, search and rescue, and weather applications; intercommunications systems for on-platform communications such as wireless intercoms; identification friend or foe (IFF) interrogators; border surveillance systems; and air traffic management (ATM) products.
The Telephonics System Engineering Group (SEG) provides technical services including threat and radar systems engineering and analytical support. The company dates back to New York City in 1933, when it manufactured headphones and microphones to support the United States Navy. Telephonics has a long history of technical and product innovation, including having developed the first multiplexed passenger entertainment and service system for the Boeing 747 jetliner in 1967.
In June 2022, Griffon sold Telephonics to TTM Technologies, a manufacturer of printed circuit boards, backplane assemblies and RF modules and asssemblies, for $330 million in cash.
References
External links
Griffon Corporation homepage
Aerospace companies of the United States
Avionics companies
Conglomerate companies of the United States
Defense companies of the United States
Garden tool manufacturers
Plastics companies of the United States
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
Holding companies of the United States
Holding companies based in New York City
Manufacturing companies based in New York City
American companies established in 1995
Conglomerate companies established in 1995
Holding companies established in 1995
Manufacturing companies established in 1995
Technology companies established in 1995
1995 establishments in New York City
Publicly traded companies based in New York City
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States |
Robert Litt may refer to:
Robert J. Litt, American sound engineer
Robert S. Litt, General Counsel of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence |
Flight 527 may refer to:
Lake Central Flight 527, crashed on 5 March 1967
Lufthansa Flight 527, crashed on 26 July 1979
0527 |
```smalltalk
// See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using NUnit.Framework;
using osu.Framework.Platform;
using osu.Framework.Threading;
namespace osu.Framework.Benchmarks
{
[TestFixture]
[MemoryDiagnoser]
public abstract class GameBenchmark
{
private ManualGameHost gameHost = null!;
protected Game Game { get; private set; } = null!;
[GlobalSetup]
[OneTimeSetUp]
public virtual void SetUp()
{
gameHost = new ManualGameHost(Game = CreateGame());
}
[GlobalCleanup]
[OneTimeTearDown]
public virtual void TearDown()
{
gameHost.Exit();
gameHost.Dispose();
}
/// <summary>
/// Runs a single game frame.
/// </summary>
protected void RunSingleFrame() => gameHost.RunSingleFrame();
/// <summary>
/// Creates the game.
/// </summary>
protected abstract Game CreateGame();
/// <summary>
/// Ad headless host for testing purposes. Contains an arbitrary game that is running after construction.
/// </summary>
private class ManualGameHost : HeadlessGameHost
{
private ManualThreadRunner threadRunner;
public ManualGameHost(Game runnableGame)
: base("manual", new HostOptions())
{
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
try
{
Run(runnableGame);
}
catch
{
// may throw an unobserved exception if we don't handle here.
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
// wait for the game to initialise before continuing with the benchmark process.
while (threadRunner?.HasRunOnce != true)
Thread.Sleep(10);
}
protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
{
threadRunner.RunOnce.Set();
base.Dispose(isDisposing);
}
public void RunSingleFrame() => threadRunner.RunSingleFrame();
protected override ThreadRunner CreateThreadRunner(InputThread mainThread) => threadRunner = new ManualThreadRunner(mainThread);
}
private class ManualThreadRunner : ThreadRunner
{
/// <summary>
/// This is used to delay the initialisation process until the headless input thread has run once.
/// Does not get reset with subsequence runs.
/// </summary>
public bool HasRunOnce { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Set this to run one frame on the headless input thread.
/// This is used for the initialise and shutdown processes, whereas <see cref="RunSingleFrame"/> is used for the benchmark process.
/// </summary>
public readonly ManualResetEventSlim RunOnce = new ManualResetEventSlim();
public ManualThreadRunner(InputThread mainThread)
: base(mainThread)
{
RunOnce.Set();
}
public void RunSingleFrame()
{
ExecutionMode = ExecutionMode.SingleThread;
// Importantly, this calls the base method, bypassing the custom wait logic below
// (which is blocking execution by thread runner while the benchmark runs).
base.RunMainLoop();
}
public override void RunMainLoop()
{
#pragma warning disable RS0030
RunOnce.Wait();
#pragma warning restore RS0030
RunSingleFrame();
RunOnce.Reset();
HasRunOnce = true;
}
}
}
}
``` |
Reading Football Club played the 2008–09 season in the Football League Championship, having been relegated on the final day of the 2007–08 Premier League season. Despite a strong start to the season, especially at home, Reading were unable to secure promotion at the first attempt; a poor run of form in 2009 saw Reading win just 5 of their last 17 league games, the Royals finishing 4th in the league. Reading were defeated 3–0 on aggregate by Burnley in the play-off semi-finals.
Review and events
Pre-season
Reading opened their pre-season with an away game against Didcot Town, winning 9–0, with nine different scorers, including a fan who won the opportunity to play at a charity auction. After further away wins at Forest Green Rovers (2–0), Havant & Waterlooville (1–0) and MK Dons (2–1), Reading went on a three-game friendly tour of Sweden, winning their three games against FC Trollhättan (4–1) in which Leroy Lita scored all four, against Lerkils IF (1–0) and against Halmstads BK (3–1) in which new signing Noel Hunt scored for the first time, ultimately scoring two. Reading's last friendly, and only home friendly, was against Aston Villa, and finished 1–1. It was Reading's only pre-season game that they did not win.
August
Reading's league campaign began with a 0–0 draw at promoted Nottingham Forest. In a game of few chances, Kevin Doyle came closest for the Royals, glancing a header goalwards from a Stephen Hunt cross, that Forest goalkeeper Paul Smith did well to tip on to the crossbar.
Two days later, the Royals enjoyed their first victory of the season, as a late Noel Hunt goal, on his competitive debut for Reading, secured a 2–1 victory at Dagenham and Redbridge in the 1st round of the League Cup. James Henry had opened the scoring for Reading in the first half, with his first goal for the club, tapping home after Shane Long had beaten the Dagenham goalkeeper to a cross.
Reading's first home league match followed on 16 August, a game the Royals deservedly won 2–0, Ibrahima Sonko crashing home two headers, one in each half, both from Stephen Hunt corners.
A week later, the Royals lost a thrilling game 2–4 against Charlton Athletic. Matt Holland and Andy Gray's penalty gave the Addicks a 2–0 lead but Ibrahima Sonko kept up his scoring form with a thumping header before half-time. Stephen Hunt's retaken penalty completed the comeback for Reading, but further goals for Luke Varney and Hamer Bouazza gave Charlton all three points.
The Royals returned to the Madesjki on 26 August with a thumping 5–1 victory over Luton Town in the League Cup 2nd Round. Noel Hunt opened the scoring after nodding in brother Stephen Hunt's cross. Soon later it was the other way around, Noel Hunt sliding in a cross and Stephen Hunt slotted home. Alex Pearce, Jem Karacan and James Henry all got their first goals for the club. A consolation for Luton was scored by Ryan Charles.
September
The month started at Portman Road, Ipswich. Reading's bad away form continued as The Royals lost 2–0 to the hands of Ipswich Town. The game was followed up by the biggest win of the season, so far, as Reading forced six passed Sheffield Wednesday. The Royals were 2–0 up within 10 minutes, Kevin Doyle scoring them both. André Bikey got the third on the half hour mark. Noel Hunt got the fourth on the fiftieth minute. Doyle scored his third of the game and two minutes later Reading were 6–0 up. It stayed that way until the end of the match.
Watford. Reading came to Watford sitting fourth in the Championship. Reading took the lead on the 13th minute. The goal was scored by no-one! The goal was not claimed for by any Reading player. Watford soon went 2–1 up and an 89th minute spot kick was turned in by S. Hunt.
Reading played a cup side in the League Cup as the Royals headed to Stoke to play the Premier League side Stoke City. Reading battled hard only losing to the Premier League side on spot kicks, 4–3, after a 2–2 draw.
Reading played Swansea City and a 4–0 win set up a game with Wolverhampton Wanderers. The Royals went 1–0 up when an own goal by Wolverhampton Wanderers started off a hammering for Wolves. André Bikey made it 2–0 and Kalifa Cissé made a Reading win a game to forget for Wolverhampton Wanderers.
October
Burnley came to Reading. Reading won the game 3–1. The Hunt Brothers scored two and Shane Long made it 3–0. Burnley scored a goal, but it was too little to late. Away days. Reading lost to the hands of Preston North End 2–1. Mix ups saw a loss come to Reading's hands.
A home game to Doncaster Rovers followed. The Royals only won 2–1. This happened after Reading going 1–0 up, then Doncaster scored. One minute later the Royals scored to win the match.
A draw to Queens Park Rangers in front of the Sky Sports cameras at home, 0–0, and a loss, 1–0, away to Burnley rounded off a bad month for the Royals, home and away.
November
Reading returned to winning ways at Ashton Gate as the Royals opened November with a 4–1 win away to Bristol City. Kevin Doyle (twice) and Noel Hunt scored from close range, before Kalifa Cissé added Reading's fourth, smashing the ball into the top right-hand corner of the goal from outside of the penalty area. Reading's excellent home form continued the following weekend, Doyle (2) and Noel Hunt again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 victory over Derby County.
The Royals secured a third successive victory at Bramall Lane the following weekend, Kalifa Cissé opening the scoring in the 5th minute, before a Kevin Doyle header, just before half-time, completed a 2–0 win at Sheffield United. Reading then lost to Southampton at home 2–1. The Royals' 1st home defeat of the season so-far. Kébé scored his 1st Reading goal. The Royals then headed off to Wales to play Cardiff City. Reading went 1–0 and 2–1 down. At 1–1, Reading were down to 10 men as André Bikey got sent off. Reading's scores were Kevin Doyle and Brynjar Gunnarsson in a 2–2 draw.
December
Reading were playing Coventry City at home in front of the Sky Sports Cameras. The Royals went 1–0 down, but came back to win 3–1. Reading won 1–0 at Barnsley and at home to Blackpool. A late rally by Reading help them win 2–0 at home to Norwich City. Reading moved into 2nd as Reading won 3–1 at then 2nd place Birmingham City.
Reading then had a home draw, 1–1, to Cardiff City. The Welsh side went 1–0 in the 89th minute, but Reading's keeper Adam Federici scored in the 6th minute of injury time. Reading then drew 1–1 at Southampton.
January
Reading met Cardiff City for the third time in six weeks in the FA Cup third round, and a largely second-string side were defeated 2–0 at Ninian Park, to end the Royals' eight-match unbeaten run.
The Royals returned to the Madejski Stadium for the first league match of the calendar year, completing a 4–0 victory over Watford. Chris Armstrong opened the scoring with his first ever goal for Reading, before Kevin Doyle, Noel Hunt and Leroy Lita, back from Norwich, added to the tally. A 2–0 defeat at Welsh side Swansea City followed, to end a run of 9 league matches unbeaten for Reading, before league leaders Wolves were beaten 1–0 at the Madejski Stadium, the game decided by a second-minute own-goal scored by Wolves' Neill Collins. The result closed the gap between Wolves and Reading, in 2nd place, to two points. January ended with a goalless draw at Loftus Road, as Reading and Q.P.R. drew 0–0 for the second time this season.
February
On the 6th of the month it was revealed that Bobby Convey had left the club by mutual consent. A second consecutive 0–0 draw followed, as the Royals were held at home by Preston. On 13 February it was revealed that Ivar Ingimarsson would be out injured for the rest of the season, scheduled for surgery on a knee cartilage problem. Reading's goal drought continued two weeks later, at home to Bristol City, as the Royals lost 2–0, a second home defeat of the season. Nottingham Forest visited the Madejski Stadium on 28 February, as the Royals slumped to a second straight home defeat, and a sixth consecutive game without scoring.
March
Reading secured a first win in five games under floodlights at Hillsborough, defeating Sheffield Wednesday 2–1, Kevin Doyle heading home from a corner, and Shane Long scoring the winner with nine minutes left.
The Royals headed to Home Park, Plymouth to play Plymouth Argyle. Reading went 1–0 down, but Alex Pearce scored two minutes later. Argyle went 2–1 up and in the 80th minute, Jimmy Kebe scored, through the keepers legs.
Reading played Charlton Athletic, at home, next. Reading drew 2–2 with two goals from young Irish striker Shane Long. However the Royals were denied victory by a last gasp equaliser. Reading next lost to Ipswich Town 1–0. The Royals went 1–0 down just 1 minute after the break. That meant the Royals went into a three match winless run with renewed purpose.
However, that was forgotten in midweek as they won 1–0 at Doncaster Rovers, thanks to a late Dave Kitson winner eight minutes from time. Kitson had returned to the club on loan, as did Glen Little.
The Royals ended the month with successive goalless draws, against Crystal Palace, eventually dropping into 4th place after Sheffield United's win over Barnsley.
April
The first game of April was away to Coventry City which ended in bore draw of 0–0. Both teams creating very little in another disappointing performance from the Royals.
On 10 April 2009, Sheffield United travelled to the Madjeski for an evening game in a real six-pointer with both teams needing the win to help secure that valuable play-off place. It ended in Reading losing 1–0 with Brian Howard scoring a scrappy goal on the hour mark.
On 13 April 2009, the Royals travelled to Bloomfield Road to face Blackpool and after taking a 2–0 lead, eventually drew 2–2. Jem Karacan scored his first goal of the season and league goal for the Royals.
A goalless draw with Barnsley at home meant Reading had now gone 7 home games without a win. However, the Royals showed a return to form on the following Tuesday night with a 2–0 win at Derby County, Dave Kitson and Shane Long the goalscorers.
With results having gone their way at the weekend, Reading went into their Monday night game with Norwich City knowing that only a win would keep their hopes of automatic promotion alive. Shane Long inspired Reading to a 2–0 win with both goals, both of them headers from Jimmy Kebe crosses. Reading, 4th, needed to win going into a clash with Birmingham City, 2nd. Reading lost 2–1 and Birmingham went up. Reading need to win to go up to the Premier League at the first attempt, and Sheffield United didn't win against Crystal Palace. United drew 0–0. If the Royals had won they would have gone up on Goal-Difference.
May
André Bikey was sent off as Reading lost the first leg of their play-off semi-final at Burnley by a single goal. Bikey was sent off for a stamp on Robbie Blake, minutes after pulling back Burnley striker Steve Thompson to gift the Clarets the winning penalty, scored by Graham Alexander. Burnley advanced to the final at Wembley three days later as Reading lost the second leg 2–0, goals from Martin Paterson, and Thompson, sealing Burnley's win. Hours after Burnley winning the game Steve Coppell resigned as Manager of the club.
Squad
Out on loan
Left club during season
Transfers
In
Loans in
Out
Loans out
Released
Competitions
Overview
Championship
Results summary
Results by round
Fixtures and results
Playoffs
Semi-finals
League table
FA Cup
Football League Cup
Player details
Appearances
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|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Reading no longer at the club:
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Starting 11
Goal Scorers
Disciplinary Record
References
Reading F.C. seasons
Reading |
Marta Valeryevna Martyanova (; born 1 December 1998) is a Russian right-handed foil fencer and 2021 team Olympic team champion.
Career
Martyanova began fencing in 2006 and became a member of the Russian national team in 2015. She participated in the team women's foil event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games as a replacement athlete instead of underperforming Adelina Zagidullina, who struggled in the semifinal match against American Lee Kiefer. In the third period of the gold medal match against France, Martyanova was fencing Pauline Ranvier when she fell and injured her left ankle; however, she continued fencing and eventually helped the team to win gold.
Medal record
Olympic Games
World Championship
European Championship
Grand Prix
References
Living people
Russian female foil fencers
1998 births
Fencers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic fencers for Russia
Olympic medalists in fencing
Fencers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Russian Olympic Committee athletes
Sportspeople from Kazan
21st-century Russian women |
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