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Gavin Lambert (23 July 1924 – 17 July 2005) was a British-born screenwriter, novelist and biographer who lived for part of his life in Hollywood. His writing was mainly fiction and nonfiction about the film industry. Personal life Lambert was educated at Cheltenham College and Magdalen College, Oxford, where one of his professors was C. S. Lewis. At Oxford, he befriended Penelope Houston and filmmakers Karel Reisz and Lindsay Anderson, and they founded a short-lived but influential journal, Sequence, which was originally edited by Houston. The magazine, which lasted for only 15 issues, moved to London after the fifth issue, and Lambert and Anderson took over as co-editors. Lambert eventually left Oxford without obtaining a degree. From 1949 to 1956 he edited the journal Sight and Sound, again with Anderson as a regular contributor. At about the same time Lambert was deeply involved in Britain's Free Cinema movement which called for more social realism in contemporary movies. He also wrote film criticism for The Sunday Times and The Guardian. In late 1955, he moved to Hollywood, California, to work as a personal assistant to director Nicholas Ray and worked on the script (uncredited) for Ray's Bigger Than Life (1956). Later, he co-wrote the screenplay for Ray's film Bitter Victory (1957). According to the critic David Robinson, Lambert was Ray's lover for a time. Gavin Lambert became an American citizen in 1964. From 1974 to 1989, he chiefly stayed in Tangier, where he was a close friend of the writer and composer Paul Bowles. He spent the final years of his life in Los Angeles, where he died of pulmonary fibrosis on 17 July 2005. He left behind a brother, niece and nephew, and named Mart Crowley executor of his estate. Gavin's father's half-sister was Ivy Claudine Godber aka Claudine West (1890-1943), a screenwriter who won an Oscar for her joint writing of the script of Mrs. Miniver in 1942. His papers are currently housed at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. Writing achievements Screenplays Lambert became a notable screenwriter of the Hollywood studio era. In 1954, while still living in England, he wrote his first screenplay, Another Sky, about the sexual awakening of a prim English woman in North Africa. In 1955, he also directed Another Sky in Morocco. This was followed in 1958 by the Hollywood screenplay, Bitter Victory and in 1960 by Sons and Lovers. The latter, for which Lambert gained an Academy Award nomination, is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence. The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961) adapted a novella by Tennessee Williams on the affairs of an older actress with a young Italian gigolo. As, from the 1920s through the late 1960s, homosexuality was rarely portrayed on the screen, gay screenwriters like Lambert learned to express their personal sensibilities discreetly between the lines of a film. "The important thing to remember about 'gay influence' in movies," observed Gavin Lambert, "is that it was obviously never direct. It was all subliminal. It couldn't be direct because the mass audience would say, Hey, no way." But then, in 1965, Lambert adapted his own Hollywood insider novel Inside Daisy Clover (1963) for the screen. Clover, starring Natalie Wood and Robert Redford, which tells the cautionary tale of a teenage movie star involved in the Hollywood studio system of the 1930s and her unhappy marriage to a closeted gay leading man. However, in the film version, he was not fully identified as gay because, at Redford's request, the husband he played was changed from homosexual to appear as though he might be bisexual. From this time on, Lambert and Wood became lifelong friends. Another of Lambert's screenplays was I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (1977), based on a novel by Hannah Green, which describes in layman's terms a teenager's battle with schizophrenia. Later, the author also wrote the scripts for some TV movies such as Second Serve (1986) on transgender tennis player Renée Richards and Liberace: Behind the Music (1988) on gay performer Liberace. In 1997, he contributed to Stephen Frears's film A Personal History of British Cinema. He was heavily quoted in William J. Mann's book, Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910-1969. Biographies and non-fiction Lambert was also a biographer and novelist, who focused his efforts on biographies of gay and lesbian figures in Hollywood. According to screenwriter and writer Joseph McBride, he was "a keenly observant, wryly witty chronicler of Hollywood's social mores and artistic achievements." He wrote biographies on Hollywood figures such as On Cukor (1972) on film director George Cukor and Norma Shearer: A Life (1990) on the Canadian actress Norma Shearer. His book, Nazimova: A Biography (1997) was the first full-scale account of the private life and acting career of lesbian actress Alla Nazimova. He was the author of the memoir Mainly About Lindsay Anderson (2000) (whose title echoed that of Anderson's own work, About John Ford). He also wrote the book GWTW: The Making of Gone with the Wind (Little, Brown and Company, 1973). Working as a Hollywood screenwriter, Lambert was able to interview and gain personal remembrances of most of the cast and crew involved with the film, including dismissed director George Cukor and star Vivien Leigh (Scarlett O'Hara). His final biography, Natalie Wood: A Life (2004) supplied an insider's look at actress Natalie Wood and chronicled everything concerning her life, since Lambert was a friend of Wood for sixteen years. The book was praised by Natalie Wood's daughter, Natasha Gregson Wagner, as "a wonderful biography on my Mom. It will be the definitive biography on my mother." Lambert's biography includes Wood's relationship with Elvis Presley, and interviews with the people who knew Wood best, such as Robert Wagner, Warren Beatty, Tony Curtis, Paul Mazursky, Tab Hunter and Leslie Caron. In his book, Lambert controversially claimed that Wood frequently dated gay and bisexual men, including director Nicholas Ray and actors Nick Adams, Raymond Burr, James Dean, Tab Hunter, and Scott Marlowe. Lambert said that Wood supported homosexual playwright Mart Crowley (a later lover of Lambert's) in a manner that made it possible for him to write his play, The Boys in the Band (1968). Lambert's final book was The Ivan Moffat File: Life Among the Beautiful and Damned in London, Paris, New York and Hollywood (2004). Novels and short stories Lambert also wrote seven novels primarily with Hollywood settings, among them The Slide Area: Scenes of Hollywood Life (1959), a collection of seven short stories that portray a bevy of tinsel-town lowlifes, Inside Daisy Clover (1963), The Goodbye People (1971) about Hollywood's beautiful people, and Running Time (1982), a portrait of an indefatigable woman from child starlet to screen goddess, but also a unique life history of the American film industry. Other works of fiction included Norman's Letter (1966), which received the Thomas R. Coward Memorial Award for Fiction, A Case for the Angels (1968), and In the Night All Cats Are Grey (1976). In 1996, Lambert wrote the introduction to 3 Plays, a collection of works by his longtime friend, Mart Crowley. References Further reading External links Advocate obituary 20 July 2005 David Thomson, "Mainly about Gavin" 'My Friend Paul Bowles' by Gavin Lambert Recent photo Gavin Lambert's only directorial effort "Another Sky" 1924 births 2005 deaths 20th-century British biographers 20th-century English novelists Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford British film historians Deaths from pulmonary fibrosis English biographers English male novelists English male screenwriters English gay writers English LGBT novelists British LGBT screenwriters People educated at Cheltenham College 20th-century English male writers English male non-fiction writers 20th-century English screenwriters Male biographers British expatriates in the United States 20th-century British LGBT people
Marks Tey is a large village and electoral ward in Essex, England; it is located six miles west of Colchester. Facilities Marks Tey is one of a group of villages called the Teys, also including Great Tey and Little Tey. Its main features include a village hall built in 1993 on the fields intersecting the A12 and A120, with an adjacent children's play park and a skateboard park. Next to that (between A12 & A120) is a suburban estate that was built in the mid-1970s. Near to the play park, there is a small parish hall, used for children's kindergarten and small exhibitions. The hall was almost doubled in size after the extension of the new Basketball hall. The village has a parish church, St Andrew's. The church hall is central to the community, and hosts 1st Marks Tey Scouts Group with Beavers, Cubs and Scouts. Following the demolition of the Prince of Wales public house, the Red Lion was the only pub serving the village but recently closed down during the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2001 The Food Company erected their first outlet on the site of the former Prince of Wales, selling speciality foods and drink - however the business closed in 2017. The premises were refurbished in 2021 and are now the Commercial Hub for regional solicitors, Holmes and Hills LLP. Also located on London Road are a post office, convenience store, fish and chip shop, Indian & Chinese take-aways, a butchers, bakers, hairdressers, a cycle shop, a car supplies shop, a petrol garage and Marks Tey Pharmacy. Marks Tey Football Club was established in 1998. The home ground is Jubilee Playing Fields in Old London Road, alongside the skateboard park. They currently have one men's Saturday team, one men's Sunday team, one veterans' team, two youth teams, and two mini football teams. Transport Marks Tey railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line between London Liverpool Street and Ipswich; it is also a junction and eastern terminus for the Sudbury Branch Line. Passenger trains are operated by Greater Anglia. Services run generally half-hourly in each way to Liverpool Street southbound and to Colchester and Ipswich northbound, with hourly services on the branch line to Sudbury. Bus services are provided by the 370/371 First Bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester. The village is located beside the A12 dual carriageway, which connects east London with Lowestoft. References External links Villages in Essex
L'Argentine is a mountain of the Vaud Alps, overlooking Solalex above Gryon in the canton of Vaud. The mountain is known by climbers for its Northwest face, the Miroir d'Argentine, which is smooth like a "mirror". The summit is distinguished by the name Haute Pointe and culminates at 2,421 metres above sea level. References External links Miroir d'Argentine on Summitpost Mountains of the Alps Mountains of Switzerland Mountains of the canton of Vaud
This is a list of 177 species in Triaenodes, a genus of long-horned caddisflies in the family Leptoceridae. Triaenodes species Triaenodes aba Milne, 1935 b Triaenodes aberrans (Marlier, 1965) i c g Triaenodes abruptus Flint, 1991 i c g Triaenodes abus Milne, 1935 i c g Triaenodes africanus Ulmer, 1907 i c g Triaenodes allax Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes anomalus Flint, 1967 i c g Triaenodes apicatus Navás, 1934 i c g Triaenodes apicomaculatus Mey, 1990 i c g Triaenodes assimilis (Banks, 1937) i c g Triaenodes atalomus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes aureus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes barbarae Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes baris Ross, 1938 i c g b Triaenodes bernardi Vaillant, 1953 i c g Triaenodes bernaysae Korboot, 1964 i c g Triaenodes bicolor (Curtis, 1834) i c g Triaenodes bifasciatus Navás, 1934 i c g Triaenodes bifidus Jacquemart, 1966 i c g Triaenodes bilobatus Yang & Morse, 2000 i c g Triaenodes boettcheri Ulmer, 1930 i c g Triaenodes borealis Banks, 1900 i c g Triaenodes botosaneanui Marlier, 1978 i c g Triaenodes bulupendek Andersen & Holzenthal, 1999 i c g Triaenodes calamintella Mey, 1995 i c g Triaenodes camurus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes celatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes cheliferus (Mosely, 1932) i c g Triaenodes clarus Jacquemart, 1961 i c g Triaenodes clavatus (Mosely, 1932) i c g Triaenodes cloe (Hagen, 1859) i c g Triaenodes columbicus Ulmer, 1909 i c g Triaenodes conjugatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes connatus Ross, 1959 i c g Triaenodes conspersus (Rambur, 1842) g Triaenodes contartus Jacquemart & Statzner, 1981 i c g Triaenodes copelatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes corallinus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes corynotrus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes costalis Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes cumberlandensis Etnier & Way, 1973 i c g Triaenodes cuspiosus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes cymulosus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes darfuricus Mosely, 1936 i c g Triaenodes delicatus Navas, 1924 i c g Triaenodes demoulini Jacquemart, 1967 i c g Triaenodes dentatus Banks, 1914 i c g Triaenodes dibolia Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes difformis Mosely, 1932 i c g Triaenodes dipsia b Triaenodes dipsius Ross, 1938 i c g Triaenodes dolabratus Gibbs, 1973 i c g Triaenodes doryphorus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes drepana Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes dubius Mosely, 1934 i c g Triaenodes dusrus Schmid, 1965 i c g Triaenodes dysmica Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes elegantulus Ulmer, 1908 i c g Triaenodes empheirus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes esakii Tsuda, 1941 i c g Triaenodes etheira Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes excisus Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes eximius Schmid, 1994 i c g Triaenodes falculatus Kimmins, 1956 i c g Triaenodes fantasio Schmid, 1994 i c g Triaenodes fijianus Mosely, 1941 i c g Triaenodes flavescens Banks, 1900 i c g b Triaenodes florida Ross, 1941 i c g Triaenodes foliformis Yang & Morse, 2000 i c g Triaenodes forficatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes fortunio Schmid, 1994 i c g Triaenodes fulvus Navás, 1931 i c g Triaenodes furcellus Ross, 1959 i c g Triaenodes fuscinulus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes gazella (Hagen, 1859) i c g Triaenodes ghana Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes gibberosus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes hastatus Ulmer, 1908 i c g Triaenodes hauseri Mey, 1998 i c g Triaenodes helo Milne, 1934 i c g Triaenodes hickini Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes hirsutus Jacquemart, 1966 i c g Triaenodes hoenei Schmid, 1959 i c g Triaenodes hybos Mey, 1998 i c g Triaenodes ignitus (Walker, 1852) i c g Triaenodes imakus Gibbs, 1973 i c g Triaenodes implexus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes indicus Martynov, 1936 i c g Triaenodes inflexus Morse, 1971 i c g Triaenodes injusta Hagen, 1861 b Triaenodes injustus (Hagen, 1861) i c g Triaenodes insulanus Ulmer, 1951 i c g Triaenodes insularis Navás, 1936 i c g Triaenodes intricata Neboiss, 1977 i c g Triaenodes jubatus Neboiss, 1982 i c g Triaenodes kimilus Mosely, 1939 i c g Triaenodes laamii Dakki, 1980 i c g Triaenodes laciniatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes lanceolatus Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes lankarama Schmid, 1958 i c g Triaenodes legonus Mosely, 1939 i c g Triaenodes longispinus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes loriai Navás, 1932 i c g Triaenodes lurideolus Mey, 1990 i c g Triaenodes manni Banks, 1936 i c g Triaenodes marginata Milne, 1934 b Triaenodes marginatus Sibley, 1926 i c g Triaenodes mataranka Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes melacus Ross, 1947 i c g Triaenodes melanopeza Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes mondoanus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes moselyi Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes mouldsi Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes nesiotinus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes nigrolineatus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes niwai Iwata, 1927 i c g Triaenodes notalius Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes nox Ross, 1941 i c g Triaenodes nymphaea Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes ochraceus (Betten & Mosely, 1940) i c g Triaenodes ochreellus McLachlan, 1877 i c g Triaenodes ornatus Ulmer, 1915 i c g Triaenodes palpalis Banks, 1920 i c g Triaenodes pellectus Ulmer, 1908 i c g Triaenodes perissotes Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes perna Ross, 1938 i c g Triaenodes peruanus Flint & Reyes-Arrunategui, 1991 i c g Triaenodes phalacris Ross, 1938 i c g Triaenodes piceus Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes plutonis (Banks, 1931) i c g Triaenodes polystachius (Marlier, 1957) i c g Triaenodes probolius Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes prosynskii (Marlier & Botosaneanu, 1968) i c g Triaenodes qinglingensis Yang & Morse, 2000 i c g Triaenodes reclusus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes resimus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes reuteri (McLachlan, 1880) b Triaenodes rufescens Martynov, 1935 i c g Triaenodes rutellus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes scottae Gibon, 1982 i c g Triaenodes semigraphatus Mey, 1990 i c g Triaenodes sericeus Navás, 1935 i c g Triaenodes serratus Ulmer, 1912 i c g Triaenodes siculus (Barnard, 1934) i c g Triaenodes sinicus Ulmer, 1932 i c g Triaenodes smithi Ross, 1959 i c g Triaenodes spoliatus Mey, 1998 i c g Triaenodes stipulosus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes taenius Ross, 1938 i c g Triaenodes tafanus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes tanzanicus Olah, 1986 i c g Triaenodes tardus Milne, 1934 i c g b Triaenodes telefominicus Kumanski, 1979 i c g Triaenodes teneratus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes teresis Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes theiophorus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes tofanus Gibbs, 1973 i c g Triaenodes torresianus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes toxeres Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes transversarius Mey, 1990 i c g Triaenodes triaenodiformis (Ulmer, 1930) i c g Triaenodes tridontus Ross, 1938 i c g Triaenodes trifidus Kimmins, 1957 i c g Triaenodes triquetrus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes trivulcio Schmid, 1994 i c g Triaenodes troubati Gibon, 1982 i c g Triaenodes unanimis McLachlan, 1877 i c g Triaenodes uncatus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes ustulatus Kimmins, 1962 i c g Triaenodes uvidus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes verberatus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes vespertinus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes virgulus Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Triaenodes voldus Mosely in Mosely & Kimmins, 1953 i c g Triaenodes vorhiesi Betten, 1934 i c g Triaenodes wambanus Mosely, 1939 i c g Triaenodes wannonensis Neboiss & Wells, 1998 i c g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References Triaenodes
FLIT is the brand name for an insecticide. The original product, invented by chemist Dr. Franklin C. Nelson and launched in 1923 and mainly intended for killing flies and mosquitoes, was mineral oil based and manufactured by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey before the company, now part of ExxonMobil, was renamed first Esso and later Exxon. The Esso formulation contained 5% DDT in the late 1940s and early 1950s, before the negative environmental impact of DDT was widely understood. Later marketed as "FLIT MLO", it has since been discontinued. A hand-operated atomizer called a Flit gun was commonly used to perform the spraying. The Flit brand name has been reused for another insecticide product, with the primary active ingredient of permethrin, marketed by Clarke Mosquito Control. The current product is most often used to control adult mosquitoes. Spraying it into the air kills adult mosquitoes that are present and then by settling onto surfaces it kills mosquitoes that may later land. "Quick, Henry, the Flit!" In 1928, Flit, then marketed by a newly formed subsidiary of Jersey Standard, Stanco Incorporated, became the subject of a very successful long running advertising campaign. Theodor Seuss Geisel created the artwork for this campaign, years before he started writing the children's books that made him famous as Dr. Seuss. The ads typically showed people threatened by whimsical, menacing insect-like creatures that would look familiar to fans of Dr. Seuss's later work and contained the tagline "Quick, Henry, the Flit!" Seuss's artwork associated with Flit included numerous racial caricatures which, although not unusual for the 1930s, are now seen as racially insensitive. This advertising campaign continued for 17 years and made "Quick, Henry, the Flit!" a popular catchphrase in the United States. U-2 fuel According to Ben Rich (a junior propulsion engineer on the U2 program), some raw material (possibly the solvent) used for the production of FLIT was similar to that used for LF-1A fuel for the Lockheed U-2 high altitude reconnaissance aircraft, causing a nationwide shortage of bug spray in 1955. The fuel LF-1A was produced by Shell Oil Company. References Insecticide brands Works by Dr. Seuss Phrases
```c /* Perform non-arithmetic operations on values, for GDB. 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GDB. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. / #include "defs.h" #include "symtab.h" #include "gdbtypes.h" #include "value.h" #include "frame.h" #include "inferior.h" #include "gdbcore.h" #include "target.h" #include "demangle.h" #include "language.h" #include "gdbcmd.h" #include "regcache.h" #include "cp-abi.h" #include "block.h" #include "infcall.h" #include "dictionary.h" #include "cp-support.h" #include <errno.h> #include "gdb_string.h" #include "gdb_assert.h" #include "cp-support.h" #include "observer.h" extern int overload_debug; / Local functions. / static int typecmp (int staticp, int varargs, int nargs, struct field t1[], struct value t2[]); static struct value search_struct_field (char , struct value , int, struct type , int); static struct value search_struct_method (char , struct value , struct value , int, int , struct type ); static int find_oload_champ_namespace (struct type *arg_types, int nargs, const char func_name, const char qualified_name, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv); static int find_oload_champ_namespace_loop (struct type *arg_types, int nargs, const char func_name, const char qualified_name, int namespace_len, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv, int oload_champ); static int find_oload_champ (struct type arg_types, int nargs, int method, int num_fns, struct fn_field fns_ptr, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv); static int oload_method_static (int method, struct fn_field fns_ptr, int index); enum oload_classification { STANDARD, NON_STANDARD, INCOMPATIBLE }; static enum oload_classification classify_oload_match (struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv, int nargs, int static_offset); static int check_field_in (struct type , const char ); static struct value value_struct_elt_for_reference (struct type domain, int offset, struct type curtype, char name, struct type intype, enum noside noside); static struct value value_namespace_elt (const struct type curtype, char name, enum noside noside); static struct value value_maybe_namespace_elt (const struct type curtype, char name, enum noside noside); static CORE_ADDR allocate_space_in_inferior (int); static struct value cast_into_complex (struct type , struct value ); static struct fn_field find_method_list (struct value * argp, char method, int offset, struct type type, int num_fns, struct type basetype, int boffset); void _initialize_valops (void); /* Flag for whether we want to abandon failed expression evals by default. / #if 0 static int auto_abandon = 0; #endif int overload_resolution = 0; / Find the address of function name NAME in the inferior. / struct value find_function_in_inferior (const char name) { struct symbol sym; struct minimal_symbol msymbol; sym = lookup_symbol (name, 0, VAR_DOMAIN, 0, NULL); if (sym != NULL) { if (SYMBOL_CLASS (sym) != LOC_BLOCK) error (_("\"%s\" exists in this program but is not a function."), name); if (TYPE_PROTOTYPED (SYMBOL_TYPE (sym))) return value_of_variable (sym, NULL); } msymbol = lookup_minimal_symbol (name, NULL, NULL); if (msymbol != NULL) { struct type type; CORE_ADDR maddr; type = lookup_pointer_type (builtin_type_char); type = lookup_function_type (type); type = lookup_pointer_type (type); maddr = SYMBOL_VALUE_ADDRESS (msymbol); return value_from_pointer (type, maddr); } if (!target_has_execution) error ("evaluation of this expression requires the target program to be active"); else error ("evaluation of this expression requires the program to have a function \"%s\".", name); } /* Allocate NBYTES of space in the inferior using the inferior's malloc and return a value that is a pointer to the allocated space. / struct value value_allocate_space_in_inferior (int len) { struct value blocklen; struct value val = find_function_in_inferior (NAME_OF_MALLOC); blocklen = value_from_longest (builtin_type_int, (LONGEST) len); val = call_function_by_hand (val, 1, &blocklen); if (value_logical_not (val)) { if (!target_has_execution) error ("No memory available to program now: you need to start the target first"); else error ("No memory available to program: call to malloc failed"); } return val; } static CORE_ADDR allocate_space_in_inferior (int len) { return value_as_long (value_allocate_space_in_inferior (len)); } /* Cast value ARG2 to type TYPE and return as a value. More general than a C cast: accepts any two types of the same length, and if ARG2 is an lvalue it can be cast into anything at all. / / In C++, casts may change pointer or object representations. / struct value value_cast (struct type type, struct value arg2) { enum type_code code1; enum type_code code2; int scalar; struct type type2; int convert_to_boolean = 0; if (VALUE_TYPE (arg2) == type) return arg2; CHECK_TYPEDEF (type); code1 = TYPE_CODE (type); COERCE_REF (arg2); type2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg2)); / A cast to an undetermined-length array_type, such as (TYPE [])OBJECT, is treated like a cast to (TYPE [N])OBJECT, where N is sizeof(OBJECT)/sizeof(TYPE). / if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY) { struct type element_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type); unsigned element_length = TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (element_type)); if (element_length > 0 && TYPE_ARRAY_UPPER_BOUND_TYPE (type) == BOUND_CANNOT_BE_DETERMINED) { struct type range_type = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (type); int val_length = TYPE_LENGTH (type2); LONGEST low_bound, high_bound, new_length; if (get_discrete_bounds (range_type, &low_bound, &high_bound) < 0) low_bound = 0, high_bound = 0; new_length = val_length / element_length; if (val_length % element_length != 0) warning ("array element type size does not divide object size in cast"); / FIXME-type-allocation: need a way to free this type when we are done with it. / range_type = create_range_type ((struct type ) NULL, TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (range_type), low_bound, new_length + low_bound - 1); VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = create_array_type ((struct type ) NULL, element_type, range_type); return arg2; } } if (current_language->c_style_arrays && TYPE_CODE (type2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY) arg2 = value_coerce_array (arg2); if (TYPE_CODE (type2) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC) arg2 = value_coerce_function (arg2); type2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg2)); COERCE_VARYING_ARRAY (arg2, type2); code2 = TYPE_CODE (type2); if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_COMPLEX) return cast_into_complex (type, arg2); if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_BOOL) { code1 = TYPE_CODE_INT; convert_to_boolean = 1; } if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_CHAR) code1 = TYPE_CODE_INT; if (code2 == TYPE_CODE_BOOL \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_CHAR) code2 = TYPE_CODE_INT; scalar = (code2 == TYPE_CODE_INT \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_FLT \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE); if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && code2 == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_NAME (type) != 0) { / Look in the type of the source to see if it contains the type of the target as a superclass. If so, we'll need to offset the object in addition to changing its type. / struct value v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (type), arg2, 0, type2, 1); if (v) { VALUE_TYPE (v) = type; return v; } } if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_FLT && scalar) return value_from_double (type, value_as_double (arg2)); else if ((code1 == TYPE_CODE_INT \|\| code1 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM \|\| code1 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE) && (scalar \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR)) { LONGEST longest; if (deprecated_hp_som_som_object_present /* if target compiled by HP aCC / && (code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR)) { unsigned int ptr; struct value retvalp; switch (TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type2))) { / With HP aCC, pointers to data members have a bias / case TYPE_CODE_MEMBER: retvalp = value_from_longest (type, value_as_long (arg2)); / force evaluation / ptr = (unsigned int ) VALUE_CONTENTS (retvalp); ptr &= ~0x20000000; / zap 29th bit to remove bias / return retvalp; / While pointers to methods don't really point to a function / case TYPE_CODE_METHOD: error ("Pointers to methods not supported with HP aCC"); default: break; / fall out and go to normal handling / } } / When we cast pointers to integers, we mustn't use POINTER_TO_ADDRESS to find the address the pointer represents, as value_as_long would. GDB should evaluate expressions just as the compiler would --- and the compiler sees a cast as a simple reinterpretation of the pointer's bits. / if (code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR) longest = extract_unsigned_integer (VALUE_CONTENTS (arg2), TYPE_LENGTH (type2)); else longest = value_as_long (arg2); return value_from_longest (type, convert_to_boolean ? (LONGEST) (longest ? 1 : 0) : longest); } else if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_PTR && (code2 == TYPE_CODE_INT \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_ENUM \|\| code2 == TYPE_CODE_RANGE)) { / TYPE_LENGTH (type) is the length of a pointer, but we really want the length of an address! -- we are really dealing with addresses (i.e., gdb representations) not pointers (i.e., target representations) here. This allows things like "print (int )0x01000234" to work without printing a misleading message -- which would otherwise occur when dealing with a target having two byte pointers and four byte addresses. / int addr_bit = TARGET_ADDR_BIT; LONGEST longest = value_as_long (arg2); if (addr_bit < sizeof (LONGEST) HOST_CHAR_BIT) { if (longest >= ((LONGEST) 1 << addr_bit) \|\| longest <= -((LONGEST) 1 << addr_bit)) warning ("value truncated"); } return value_from_longest (type, longest); } else if (TYPE_LENGTH (type) == TYPE_LENGTH (type2)) { if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_PTR && code2 == TYPE_CODE_PTR) { struct type t1 = check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)); struct type t2 = check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type2)); if (TYPE_CODE (t1) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_CODE (t2) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && !value_logical_not (arg2)) { struct value v; / Look in the type of the source to see if it contains the type of the target as a superclass. If so, we'll need to offset the pointer rather than just change its type. / if (TYPE_NAME (t1) != NULL) { v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (t1), value_ind (arg2), 0, t2, 1); if (v) { v = value_addr (v); VALUE_TYPE (v) = type; return v; } } / Look in the type of the target to see if it contains the type of the source as a superclass. If so, we'll need to offset the pointer rather than just change its type. FIXME: This fails silently with virtual inheritance. / if (TYPE_NAME (t2) != NULL) { v = search_struct_field (type_name_no_tag (t2), value_zero (t1, not_lval), 0, t1, 1); if (v) { CORE_ADDR addr2 = value_as_address (arg2); addr2 -= (VALUE_ADDRESS (v) + VALUE_OFFSET (v) + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (v)); return value_from_pointer (type, addr2); } } } / No superclass found, just fall through to change ptr type. / } VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = type; arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, type); VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg2) = 0; / pai: chk_val / return arg2; } else if (VALUE_LVAL (arg2) == lval_memory) { return value_at_lazy (type, VALUE_ADDRESS (arg2) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg2), VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg2)); } else if (code1 == TYPE_CODE_VOID) { return value_zero (builtin_type_void, not_lval); } else { error ("Invalid cast."); return 0; } } / Create a value of type TYPE that is zero, and return it. / struct value value_zero (struct type type, enum lval_type lv) { struct value val = allocate_value (type); memset (VALUE_CONTENTS (val), 0, TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (type))); VALUE_LVAL (val) = lv; return val; } /* Return a value with type TYPE located at ADDR. Call value_at only if the data needs to be fetched immediately; if we can be 'lazy' and defer the fetch, perhaps indefinately, call value_at_lazy instead. value_at_lazy simply records the address of the data and sets the lazy-evaluation-required flag. The lazy flag is tested in the VALUE_CONTENTS macro, which is used if and when the contents are actually required. Note: value_at does NOT handle embedded offsets; perform such adjustments before or after calling it. / struct value value_at (struct type type, CORE_ADDR addr, asection sect) { struct value val; if (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (type)) == TYPE_CODE_VOID) error ("Attempt to dereference a generic pointer."); val = allocate_value (type); read_memory (addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val), TYPE_LENGTH (type)); VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory; VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = addr; VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = sect; return val; } / Return a lazy value with type TYPE located at ADDR (cf. value_at). / struct value value_at_lazy (struct type type, CORE_ADDR addr, asection sect) { struct value val; if (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (type)) == TYPE_CODE_VOID) error ("Attempt to dereference a generic pointer."); val = allocate_value (type); VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory; VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = addr; VALUE_LAZY (val) = 1; VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = sect; return val; } / Called only from the VALUE_CONTENTS and VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL macros, if the current data for a variable needs to be loaded into VALUE_CONTENTS(VAL). Fetches the data from the user's process, and clears the lazy flag to indicate that the data in the buffer is valid. If the value is zero-length, we avoid calling read_memory, which would abort. We mark the value as fetched anyway -- all 0 bytes of it. This function returns a value because it is used in the VALUE_CONTENTS macro as part of an expression, where a void would not work. The value is ignored. / int value_fetch_lazy (struct value val) { CORE_ADDR addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (val) + VALUE_OFFSET (val); int length = TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (val)); struct type type = VALUE_TYPE (val); if (length) read_memory (addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val), length); VALUE_LAZY (val) = 0; return 0; } / Store the contents of FROMVAL into the location of TOVAL. Return a new value with the location of TOVAL and contents of FROMVAL. / struct value value_assign (struct value toval, struct value fromval) { struct type type; struct value val; struct frame_id old_frame; if (!toval->modifiable) error ("Left operand of assignment is not a modifiable lvalue."); COERCE_REF (toval); type = VALUE_TYPE (toval); if (VALUE_LVAL (toval) != lval_internalvar) fromval = value_cast (type, fromval); else COERCE_ARRAY (fromval); CHECK_TYPEDEF (type); /* Since modifying a register can trash the frame chain, and modifying memory can trash the frame cache, we save the old frame and then restore the new frame afterwards. / old_frame = get_frame_id (deprecated_selected_frame); switch (VALUE_LVAL (toval)) { case lval_internalvar: set_internalvar (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval), fromval); val = value_copy (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval)->value); val = value_change_enclosing_type (val, VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (fromval)); VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (fromval); VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (fromval); return val; case lval_internalvar_component: set_internalvar_component (VALUE_INTERNALVAR (toval), VALUE_OFFSET (toval), VALUE_BITPOS (toval), VALUE_BITSIZE (toval), fromval); break; case lval_memory: { char dest_buffer; CORE_ADDR changed_addr; int changed_len; char buffer[sizeof (LONGEST)]; if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)) { /* We assume that the argument to read_memory is in units of host chars. FIXME: Is that correct? / changed_len = (VALUE_BITPOS (toval) + VALUE_BITSIZE (toval) + HOST_CHAR_BIT - 1) / HOST_CHAR_BIT; if (changed_len > (int) sizeof (LONGEST)) error ("Can't handle bitfields which don't fit in a %d bit word.", (int) sizeof (LONGEST) HOST_CHAR_BIT); read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval), buffer, changed_len); modify_field (buffer, value_as_long (fromval), VALUE_BITPOS (toval), VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)); changed_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval); dest_buffer = buffer; } else { changed_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (toval) + VALUE_OFFSET (toval); changed_len = TYPE_LENGTH (type); dest_buffer = VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval); } write_memory (changed_addr, dest_buffer, changed_len); if (deprecated_memory_changed_hook) deprecated_memory_changed_hook (changed_addr, changed_len); } break; case lval_reg_frame_relative: case lval_register: { struct frame_info frame; int value_reg; / Figure out which frame this is in currently. / if (VALUE_LVAL (toval) == lval_register) { frame = get_current_frame (); value_reg = VALUE_REGNO (toval); } else { frame = frame_find_by_id (VALUE_FRAME_ID (toval)); value_reg = VALUE_FRAME_REGNUM (toval); } if (!frame) error ("Value being assigned to is no longer active."); if (VALUE_LVAL (toval) == lval_reg_frame_relative && CONVERT_REGISTER_P (VALUE_FRAME_REGNUM (toval), type)) { / If TOVAL is a special machine register requiring conversion of program values to a special raw format. / VALUE_TO_REGISTER (frame, VALUE_FRAME_REGNUM (toval), type, VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval)); } else { / TOVAL is stored in a series of registers in the frame specified by the structure. Copy that value out, modify it, and copy it back in. / int amount_copied; int amount_to_copy; char buffer; int reg_offset; int byte_offset; int regno; /* Locate the first register that falls in the value that needs to be transfered. Compute the offset of the value in that register. / { int offset; for (reg_offset = value_reg, offset = 0; offset + register_size (current_gdbarch, reg_offset) <= VALUE_OFFSET (toval); reg_offset++); byte_offset = VALUE_OFFSET (toval) - offset; } / Compute the number of register aligned values that need to be copied. / if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)) amount_to_copy = byte_offset + 1; else amount_to_copy = byte_offset + TYPE_LENGTH (type); / And a bounce buffer. Be slightly over generous. / buffer = (char ) alloca (amount_to_copy + MAX_REGISTER_SIZE); /* Copy it in. / for (regno = reg_offset, amount_copied = 0; amount_copied < amount_to_copy; amount_copied += register_size (current_gdbarch, regno), regno++) frame_register_read (frame, regno, buffer + amount_copied); / Modify what needs to be modified. / if (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)) modify_field (buffer + byte_offset, value_as_long (fromval), VALUE_BITPOS (toval), VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)); else memcpy (buffer + byte_offset, VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval), TYPE_LENGTH (type)); / Copy it out. / for (regno = reg_offset, amount_copied = 0; amount_copied < amount_to_copy; amount_copied += register_size (current_gdbarch, regno), regno++) put_frame_register (frame, regno, buffer + amount_copied); } if (deprecated_register_changed_hook) deprecated_register_changed_hook (-1); observer_notify_target_changed (&current_target); break; } default: error ("Left operand of assignment is not an lvalue."); } / Assigning to the stack pointer, frame pointer, and other (architecture and calling convention specific) registers may cause the frame cache to be out of date. Assigning to memory also can. We just do this on all assignments to registers or memory, for simplicity's sake; I doubt the slowdown matters. / switch (VALUE_LVAL (toval)) { case lval_memory: case lval_register: case lval_reg_frame_relative: reinit_frame_cache (); / Having destoroyed the frame cache, restore the selected frame. / / FIXME: cagney/2002-11-02: There has to be a better way of doing this. Instead of constantly saving/restoring the frame. Why not create a get_selected_frame() function that, having saved the selected frame's ID can automatically re-find the previously selected frame automatically. / { struct frame_info fi = frame_find_by_id (old_frame); if (fi != NULL) select_frame (fi); } break; default: break; } /* If the field does not entirely fill a LONGEST, then zero the sign bits. If the field is signed, and is negative, then sign extend. / if ((VALUE_BITSIZE (toval) > 0) && (VALUE_BITSIZE (toval) < 8 (int) sizeof (LONGEST))) { LONGEST fieldval = value_as_long (fromval); LONGEST valmask = (((ULONGEST) 1) << VALUE_BITSIZE (toval)) - 1; fieldval &= valmask; if (!TYPE_UNSIGNED (type) && (fieldval & (valmask ^ (valmask >> 1)))) fieldval \|= ~valmask; fromval = value_from_longest (type, fieldval); } val = value_copy (toval); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), VALUE_CONTENTS (fromval), TYPE_LENGTH (type)); VALUE_TYPE (val) = type; val = value_change_enclosing_type (val, VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (fromval)); VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (fromval); VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (val) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (fromval); return val; } /* Extend a value VAL to COUNT repetitions of its type. / struct value value_repeat (struct value arg1, int count) { struct value val; if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory) error ("Only values in memory can be extended with '@'."); if (count < 1) error ("Invalid number %d of repetitions.", count); val = allocate_repeat_value (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1), count); read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val), TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (val))); VALUE_LVAL (val) = lval_memory; VALUE_ADDRESS (val) = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1); return val; } struct value * value_of_variable (struct symbol var, struct block b) { struct value val; struct frame_info frame = NULL; if (!b) frame = NULL; /* Use selected frame. / else if (symbol_read_needs_frame (var)) { frame = block_innermost_frame (b); if (!frame) { if (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b) && SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b))) error ("No frame is currently executing in block %s.", SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (BLOCK_FUNCTION (b))); else error ("No frame is currently executing in specified block"); } } val = read_var_value (var, frame); if (!val) error ("Address of symbol \"%s\" is unknown.", SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (var)); return val; } / Given a value which is an array, return a value which is a pointer to its first element, regardless of whether or not the array has a nonzero lower bound. FIXME: A previous comment here indicated that this routine should be substracting the array's lower bound. It's not clear to me that this is correct. Given an array subscripting operation, it would certainly work to do the adjustment here, essentially computing: (&array[0] - (lowerbound * sizeof array[0])) + (index * sizeof array[0]) However I believe a more appropriate and logical place to account for the lower bound is to do so in value_subscript, essentially computing: (&array[0] + ((index - lowerbound) * sizeof array[0])) As further evidence consider what would happen with operations other than array subscripting, where the caller would get back a value that had an address somewhere before the actual first element of the array, and the information about the lower bound would be lost because of the coercion to pointer type. / struct value value_coerce_array (struct value arg1) { struct type type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)); if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory) error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory."); return value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)), (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1))); } /* Given a value which is a function, return a value which is a pointer to it. / struct value value_coerce_function (struct value arg1) { struct value retval; if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory) error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory."); retval = value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)), (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1))); VALUE_BFD_SECTION (retval) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1); return retval; } /* Return a pointer value for the object for which ARG1 is the contents. / struct value value_addr (struct value arg1) { struct value arg2; struct type type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)); if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_REF) { / Copy the value, but change the type from (T&) to (T). We keep the same location information, which is efficient, and allows &(&X) to get the location containing the reference. / arg2 = value_copy (arg1); VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = lookup_pointer_type (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)); return arg2; } if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC) return value_coerce_function (arg1); if (VALUE_LVAL (arg1) != lval_memory) error ("Attempt to take address of value not located in memory."); /* Get target memory address / arg2 = value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)), (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg1))); / This may be a pointer to a base subobject; so remember the full derived object's type ... / arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, lookup_pointer_type (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1))); / ... and also the relative position of the subobject in the full object / VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg2) = VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg1); VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg2) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1); return arg2; } / Given a value of a pointer type, apply the C unary * operator to it. / struct value value_ind (struct value arg1) { struct type base_type; struct value arg2; COERCE_ARRAY (arg1); base_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (arg1)); if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER) error ("not implemented: member types in value_ind"); / Allow * on an integer so we can cast it to whatever we want. This returns an int, which seems like the most C-like thing to do. "long long" variables are rare enough that BUILTIN_TYPE_LONGEST would seem to be a mistake. / if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_INT) return value_at_lazy (builtin_type_int, (CORE_ADDR) value_as_long (arg1), VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1)); else if (TYPE_CODE (base_type) == TYPE_CODE_PTR) { struct type enc_type; /* We may be pointing to something embedded in a larger object / / Get the real type of the enclosing object / enc_type = check_typedef (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (arg1)); enc_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (enc_type); / Retrieve the enclosing object pointed to / arg2 = value_at_lazy (enc_type, value_as_address (arg1) - VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg1), VALUE_BFD_SECTION (arg1)); / Re-adjust type / VALUE_TYPE (arg2) = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (base_type); / Add embedding info / arg2 = value_change_enclosing_type (arg2, enc_type); VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg2) = VALUE_POINTED_TO_OFFSET (arg1); / We may be pointing to an object of some derived type / arg2 = value_full_object (arg2, NULL, 0, 0, 0); return arg2; } error ("Attempt to take contents of a non-pointer value."); return 0; / For lint -- never reached / } / Pushing small parts of stack frames. / / Push one word (the size of object that a register holds). / CORE_ADDR push_word (CORE_ADDR sp, ULONGEST word) { int len = DEPRECATED_REGISTER_SIZE; char buffer[MAX_REGISTER_SIZE]; store_unsigned_integer (buffer, len, word); if (INNER_THAN (1, 2)) { / stack grows downward / sp -= len; write_memory (sp, buffer, len); } else { / stack grows upward / write_memory (sp, buffer, len); sp += len; } return sp; } / Push LEN bytes with data at BUFFER. / CORE_ADDR push_bytes (CORE_ADDR sp, char buffer, int len) { if (INNER_THAN (1, 2)) { /* stack grows downward / sp -= len; write_memory (sp, buffer, len); } else { / stack grows upward / write_memory (sp, buffer, len); sp += len; } return sp; } / Create a value for an array by allocating space in the inferior, copying the data into that space, and then setting up an array value. The array bounds are set from LOWBOUND and HIGHBOUND, and the array is populated from the values passed in ELEMVEC. The element type of the array is inherited from the type of the first element, and all elements must have the same size (though we don't currently enforce any restriction on their types). / struct value value_array (int lowbound, int highbound, struct value *elemvec) { int nelem; int idx; unsigned int typelength; struct value val; struct type rangetype; struct type arraytype; CORE_ADDR addr; /* Validate that the bounds are reasonable and that each of the elements have the same size. / nelem = highbound - lowbound + 1; if (nelem <= 0) { error ("bad array bounds (%d, %d)", lowbound, highbound); } typelength = TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[0])); for (idx = 1; idx < nelem; idx++) { if (TYPE_LENGTH (VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[idx])) != typelength) { error ("array elements must all be the same size"); } } rangetype = create_range_type ((struct type ) NULL, builtin_type_int, lowbound, highbound); arraytype = create_array_type ((struct type ) NULL, VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (elemvec[0]), rangetype); if (!current_language->c_style_arrays) { val = allocate_value (arraytype); for (idx = 0; idx < nelem; idx++) { memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL_RAW (val) + (idx typelength), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (elemvec[idx]), typelength); } VALUE_BFD_SECTION (val) = VALUE_BFD_SECTION (elemvec[0]); return val; } /* Allocate space to store the array in the inferior, and then initialize it by copying in each element. FIXME: Is it worth it to create a local buffer in which to collect each value and then write all the bytes in one operation? / addr = allocate_space_in_inferior (nelem typelength); for (idx = 0; idx < nelem; idx++) { write_memory (addr + (idx * typelength), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (elemvec[idx]), typelength); } /* Create the array type and set up an array value to be evaluated lazily. / val = value_at_lazy (arraytype, addr, VALUE_BFD_SECTION (elemvec[0])); return (val); } / Create a value for a string constant by allocating space in the inferior, copying the data into that space, and returning the address with type TYPE_CODE_STRING. PTR points to the string constant data; LEN is number of characters. Note that string types are like array of char types with a lower bound of zero and an upper bound of LEN - 1. Also note that the string may contain embedded null bytes. / struct value value_string (char ptr, int len) { struct value val; int lowbound = current_language->string_lower_bound; struct type rangetype = create_range_type ((struct type ) NULL, builtin_type_int, lowbound, len + lowbound - 1); struct type stringtype = create_string_type ((struct type ) NULL, rangetype); CORE_ADDR addr; if (current_language->c_style_arrays == 0) { val = allocate_value (stringtype); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), ptr, len); return val; } /* Allocate space to store the string in the inferior, and then copy LEN bytes from PTR in gdb to that address in the inferior. / addr = allocate_space_in_inferior (len); write_memory (addr, ptr, len); val = value_at_lazy (stringtype, addr, NULL); return (val); } struct value value_bitstring (char ptr, int len) { struct value val; struct type domain_type = create_range_type (NULL, builtin_type_int, 0, len - 1); struct type type = create_set_type ((struct type ) NULL, domain_type); TYPE_CODE (type) = TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING; val = allocate_value (type); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), ptr, TYPE_LENGTH (type)); return val; } / See if we can pass arguments in T2 to a function which takes arguments of types T1. T1 is a list of NARGS arguments, and T2 is a NULL-terminated vector. If some arguments need coercion of some sort, then the coerced values are written into T2. Return value is 0 if the arguments could be matched, or the position at which they differ if not. STATICP is nonzero if the T1 argument list came from a static member function. T2 will still include the ``this'' pointer, but it will be skipped. For non-static member functions, we ignore the first argument, which is the type of the instance variable. This is because we want to handle calls with objects from derived classes. This is not entirely correct: we should actually check to make sure that a requested operation is type secure, shouldn't we? FIXME. / static int typecmp (int staticp, int varargs, int nargs, struct field t1[], struct value t2[]) { int i; if (t2 == 0) internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, "typecmp: no argument list"); /* Skip ``this'' argument if applicable. T2 will always include THIS. / if (staticp) t2 ++; for (i = 0; (i < nargs) && TYPE_CODE (t1[i].type) != TYPE_CODE_VOID; i++) { struct type tt1, tt2; if (!t2[i]) return i + 1; tt1 = check_typedef (t1[i].type); tt2 = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (t2[i])); if (TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE_REF / We should be doing hairy argument matching, as below. / && (TYPE_CODE (check_typedef (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (tt1))) == TYPE_CODE (tt2))) { if (TYPE_CODE (tt2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY) t2[i] = value_coerce_array (t2[i]); else t2[i] = value_addr (t2[i]); continue; } / djb - 20000715 - Until the new type structure is in the place, and we can attempt things like implicit conversions, we need to do this so you can take something like a map<const char >, and properly access map["hello"], because the argument to [] will be a reference to a pointer to a char, and the argument will be a pointer to a char. / while ( TYPE_CODE(tt1) == TYPE_CODE_REF \|\| TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE_PTR) { tt1 = check_typedef( TYPE_TARGET_TYPE(tt1) ); } while ( TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY \|\| TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_PTR \|\| TYPE_CODE(tt2) == TYPE_CODE_REF) { tt2 = check_typedef( TYPE_TARGET_TYPE(tt2) ); } if (TYPE_CODE (tt1) == TYPE_CODE (tt2)) continue; /* Array to pointer is a `trivial conversion' according to the ARM. / / We should be doing much hairier argument matching (see section 13.2 of the ARM), but as a quick kludge, just check for the same type code. / if (TYPE_CODE (t1[i].type) != TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (t2[i]))) return i + 1; } if (varargs \|\| t2[i] == NULL) return 0; return i + 1; } / Helper function used by value_struct_elt to recurse through baseclasses. Look for a field NAME in ARG1. Adjust the address of ARG1 by OFFSET bytes, and search in it assuming it has (class) type TYPE. If found, return value, else return NULL. If LOOKING_FOR_BASECLASS, then instead of looking for struct fields, look for a baseclass named NAME. / static struct value search_struct_field (char name, struct value arg1, int offset, struct type type, int looking_for_baseclass) { int i; int nbases = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); CHECK_TYPEDEF (type); if (!looking_for_baseclass) for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (type) - 1; i >= nbases; i--) { char t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (type, i); if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0)) { struct value v; if (TYPE_FIELD_STATIC (type, i)) { v = value_static_field (type, i); if (v == 0) error ("field %s is nonexistent or has been optimised out", name); } else { v = value_primitive_field (arg1, offset, i, type); if (v == 0) error ("there is no field named %s", name); } return v; } if (t_field_name && (t_field_name[0] == '\0' \|\| (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_UNION && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, "else") == 0)))) { struct type field_type = TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, i); if (TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_UNION \|\| TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT) { /* Look for a match through the fields of an anonymous union, or anonymous struct. C++ provides anonymous unions. In the GNU Chill (now deleted from GDB) implementation of variant record types, each <alternative field> has an (anonymous) union type, each member of the union represents a <variant alternative>. Each <variant alternative> is represented as a struct, with a member for each <variant field>. / struct value v; int new_offset = offset; /* This is pretty gross. In G++, the offset in an anonymous union is relative to the beginning of the enclosing struct. In the GNU Chill (now deleted from GDB) implementation of variant records, the bitpos is zero in an anonymous union field, so we have to add the offset of the union here. / if (TYPE_CODE (field_type) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT \|\| (TYPE_NFIELDS (field_type) > 0 && TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (field_type, 0) == 0)) new_offset += TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (type, i) / 8; v = search_struct_field (name, arg1, new_offset, field_type, looking_for_baseclass); if (v) return v; } } } for (i = 0; i < nbases; i++) { struct value v; struct type basetype = check_typedef (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i)); / If we are looking for baseclasses, this is what we get when we hit them. But it could happen that the base part's member name is not yet filled in. / int found_baseclass = (looking_for_baseclass && TYPE_BASECLASS_NAME (type, i) != NULL && (strcmp_iw (name, TYPE_BASECLASS_NAME (type, i)) == 0)); if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i)) { int boffset; struct value v2 = allocate_value (basetype); boffset = baseclass_offset (type, i, VALUE_CONTENTS (arg1) + offset, VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + offset); if (boffset == -1) error ("virtual baseclass botch"); /* The virtual base class pointer might have been clobbered by the user program. Make sure that it still points to a valid memory location. / boffset += offset; if (boffset < 0 \|\| boffset >= TYPE_LENGTH (type)) { CORE_ADDR base_addr; base_addr = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + boffset; if (target_read_memory (base_addr, VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (v2), TYPE_LENGTH (basetype)) != 0) error ("virtual baseclass botch"); VALUE_LVAL (v2) = lval_memory; VALUE_ADDRESS (v2) = base_addr; } else { VALUE_LVAL (v2) = VALUE_LVAL (arg1); VALUE_ADDRESS (v2) = VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1); VALUE_OFFSET (v2) = VALUE_OFFSET (arg1) + boffset; if (VALUE_LAZY (arg1)) VALUE_LAZY (v2) = 1; else memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (v2), VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (arg1) + boffset, TYPE_LENGTH (basetype)); } if (found_baseclass) return v2; v = search_struct_field (name, v2, 0, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), looking_for_baseclass); } else if (found_baseclass) v = value_primitive_field (arg1, offset, i, type); else v = search_struct_field (name, arg1, offset + TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8, basetype, looking_for_baseclass); if (v) return v; } return NULL; } / Return the offset (in bytes) of the virtual base of type BASETYPE * in an object pointed to by VALADDR (on the host), assumed to be of * type TYPE. OFFSET is number of bytes beyond start of ARG to start * looking (in case VALADDR is the contents of an enclosing object). * * This routine recurses on the primary base of the derived class because * the virtual base entries of the primary base appear before the other * virtual base entries. * * If the virtual base is not found, a negative integer is returned. * The magnitude of the negative integer is the number of entries in * the virtual table to skip over (entries corresponding to various * ancestral classes in the chain of primary bases). * * Important: This assumes the HP / Taligent C++ runtime * conventions. Use baseclass_offset() instead to deal with g++ * conventions. / void find_rt_vbase_offset (struct type type, struct type basetype, char valaddr, int offset, int boffset_p, int skip_p) { int boffset; /* offset of virtual base / int index; / displacement to use in virtual table / int skip; struct value vp; CORE_ADDR vtbl; /* the virtual table pointer / struct type pbc; /* the primary base class / / Look for the virtual base recursively in the primary base, first. * This is because the derived class object and its primary base * subobject share the primary virtual table. / boffset = 0; pbc = TYPE_PRIMARY_BASE (type); if (pbc) { find_rt_vbase_offset (pbc, basetype, valaddr, offset, &boffset, &skip); if (skip < 0) { boffset_p = boffset; skip_p = -1; return; } } else skip = 0; / Find the index of the virtual base according to HP/Taligent runtime spec. (Depth-first, left-to-right.) / index = virtual_base_index_skip_primaries (basetype, type); if (index < 0) { skip_p = skip + virtual_base_list_length_skip_primaries (type); boffset_p = 0; return; } / pai: FIXME -- 32x64 possible problem / / First word (4 bytes) in object layout is the vtable pointer / vtbl = (CORE_ADDR ) (valaddr + offset); / Before the constructor is invoked, things are usually zero'd out. / if (vtbl == 0) error ("Couldn't find virtual table -- object may not be constructed yet."); / Find virtual base's offset -- jump over entries for primary base * ancestors, then use the index computed above. But also adjust by * HP_ACC_VBASE_START for the vtable slots before the start of the * virtual base entries. Offset is negative -- virtual base entries * appear _before_ the address point of the virtual table. / / pai: FIXME -- 32x64 problem, if word = 8 bytes, change multiplier & use long type / / epstein : FIXME -- added param for overlay section. May not be correct / vp = value_at (builtin_type_int, vtbl + 4 (-skip - index - HP_ACC_VBASE_START), NULL); boffset = value_as_long (vp); skip_p = -1; boffset_p = boffset; return; } /* Helper function used by value_struct_elt to recurse through baseclasses. Look for a field NAME in ARG1. Adjust the address of ARG1 by OFFSET bytes, and search in it assuming it has (class) type TYPE. If found, return value, else if name matched and args not return (value)-1, else return NULL. / static struct value search_struct_method (char name, struct value arg1p, struct value args, int offset, int static_memfuncp, struct type type) { int i; struct value v; int name_matched = 0; char dem_opname[64]; CHECK_TYPEDEF (type); for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { char t_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i); / FIXME! May need to check for ARM demangling here / if (strncmp (t_field_name, "__", 2) == 0 \|\| strncmp (t_field_name, "op", 2) == 0 \|\| strncmp (t_field_name, "type", 4) == 0) { if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, DMGL_ANSI)) t_field_name = dem_opname; else if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, 0)) t_field_name = dem_opname; } if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0)) { int j = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (type, i) - 1; struct fn_field f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (type, i); name_matched = 1; check_stub_method_group (type, i); if (j > 0 && args == 0) error ("cannot resolve overloaded method `%s': no arguments supplied", name); else if (j == 0 && args == 0) { v = value_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset); if (v != NULL) return v; } else while (j >= 0) { if (!typecmp (TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (f, j), TYPE_VARARGS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j)), TYPE_NFIELDS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j)), TYPE_FN_FIELD_ARGS (f, j), args)) { if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (f, j)) return value_virtual_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset); if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (f, j) && static_memfuncp) static_memfuncp = 1; v = value_fn_field (arg1p, f, j, type, offset); if (v != NULL) return v; } j--; } } } for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { int base_offset; if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i)) { if (TYPE_HAS_VTABLE (type)) { / HP aCC compiled type, search for virtual base offset according to HP/Taligent runtime spec. / int skip; find_rt_vbase_offset (type, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (arg1p), offset + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (arg1p), &base_offset, &skip); if (skip >= 0) error ("Virtual base class offset not found in vtable"); } else { struct type baseclass = check_typedef (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i)); char base_valaddr; / The virtual base class pointer might have been clobbered by the user program. Make sure that it still points to a valid memory location. / if (offset < 0 \|\| offset >= TYPE_LENGTH (type)) { base_valaddr = (char ) alloca (TYPE_LENGTH (baseclass)); if (target_read_memory (VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1p) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1p) + offset, base_valaddr, TYPE_LENGTH (baseclass)) != 0) error ("virtual baseclass botch"); } else base_valaddr = VALUE_CONTENTS (arg1p) + offset; base_offset = baseclass_offset (type, i, base_valaddr, VALUE_ADDRESS (arg1p) + VALUE_OFFSET (arg1p) + offset); if (base_offset == -1) error ("virtual baseclass botch"); } } else { base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8; } v = search_struct_method (name, arg1p, args, base_offset + offset, static_memfuncp, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i)); if (v == (struct value ) - 1) { name_matched = 1; } else if (v) { /* FIXME-bothner: Why is this commented out? Why is it here? / / arg1p = arg1_tmp; / return v; } } if (name_matched) return (struct value ) - 1; else return NULL; } / Given ARGP, a value of type (pointer to a) structure/union, extract the component named NAME from the ultimate target structure/union and return it as a value with its appropriate type. ERR is used in the error message if ARGP's type is wrong. C++: ARGS is a list of argument types to aid in the selection of an appropriate method. Also, handle derived types. STATIC_MEMFUNCP, if non-NULL, points to a caller-supplied location where the truthvalue of whether the function that was resolved was a static member function or not is stored. ERR is an error message to be printed in case the field is not found. / struct value * value_struct_elt (struct value argp, struct value args, char name, int static_memfuncp, char err) { struct type t; struct value v; COERCE_ARRAY (argp); t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (argp)); / Follow pointers until we get to a non-pointer. / while (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_PTR \|\| TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_REF) { argp = value_ind (argp); / Don't coerce fn pointer to fn and then back again! / if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (argp)) != TYPE_CODE_FUNC) COERCE_ARRAY (argp); t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (argp)); } if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER) error ("not implemented: member type in value_struct_elt"); if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION) error ("Attempt to extract a component of a value that is not a %s.", err); /* Assume it's not, unless we see that it is. / if (static_memfuncp) static_memfuncp = 0; if (!args) { /* if there are no arguments ...do this... / / Try as a field first, because if we succeed, there is less work to be done. / v = search_struct_field (name, argp, 0, t, 0); if (v) return v; /* C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to return it as a pointer to a method. / if (destructor_name_p (name, t)) error ("Cannot get value of destructor"); v = search_struct_method (name, argp, args, 0, static_memfuncp, t); if (v == (struct value ) - 1) error ("Cannot take address of a method"); else if (v == 0) { if (TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (t)) error ("There is no member or method named %s.", name); else error ("There is no member named %s.", name); } return v; } if (destructor_name_p (name, t)) { if (!args[1]) { /* Destructors are a special case. / int m_index, f_index; v = NULL; if (get_destructor_fn_field (t, &m_index, &f_index)) { v = value_fn_field (NULL, TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (t, m_index), f_index, NULL, 0); } if (v == NULL) error ("could not find destructor function named %s.", name); else return v; } else { error ("destructor should not have any argument"); } } else v = search_struct_method (name, argp, args, 0, static_memfuncp, t); if (v == (struct value ) - 1) { error ("One of the arguments you tried to pass to %s could not be converted to what the function wants.", name); } else if (v == 0) { /* See if user tried to invoke data as function. If so, hand it back. If it's not callable (i.e., a pointer to function), gdb should give an error. / v = search_struct_field (name, argp, 0, t, 0); } if (!v) error ("Structure has no component named %s.", name); return v; } /* Search through the methods of an object (and its bases) * to find a specified method. Return the pointer to the * fn_field list of overloaded instances. * Helper function for value_find_oload_list. * ARGP is a pointer to a pointer to a value (the object) * METHOD is a string containing the method name * OFFSET is the offset within the value * TYPE is the assumed type of the object * NUM_FNS is the number of overloaded instances * BASETYPE is set to the actual type of the subobject where the method is found * BOFFSET is the offset of the base subobject where the method is found / static struct fn_field find_method_list (struct value *argp, char method, int offset, struct type type, int num_fns, struct type *basetype, int boffset) { int i; struct fn_field f; CHECK_TYPEDEF (type); num_fns = 0; /* First check in object itself / for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { / pai: FIXME What about operators and type conversions? / char fn_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i); if (fn_field_name && (strcmp_iw (fn_field_name, method) == 0)) { int len = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (type, i); struct fn_field f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (type, i); num_fns = len; basetype = type; boffset = offset; /* Resolve any stub methods. / check_stub_method_group (type, i); return f; } } / Not found in object, check in base subobjects / for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { int base_offset; if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, i)) { if (TYPE_HAS_VTABLE (type)) { / HP aCC compiled type, search for virtual base offset * according to HP/Taligent runtime spec. / int skip; find_rt_vbase_offset (type, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), VALUE_CONTENTS_ALL (argp), offset + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (argp), &base_offset, &skip); if (skip >= 0) error ("Virtual base class offset not found in vtable"); } else { / probably g++ runtime model / base_offset = VALUE_OFFSET (argp) + offset; base_offset = baseclass_offset (type, i, VALUE_CONTENTS (argp) + base_offset, VALUE_ADDRESS (argp) + base_offset); if (base_offset == -1) error ("virtual baseclass botch"); } } else /* non-virtual base, simply use bit position from debug info / { base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, i) / 8; } f = find_method_list (argp, method, base_offset + offset, TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), num_fns, basetype, boffset); if (f) return f; } return NULL; } / Return the list of overloaded methods of a specified name. * ARGP is a pointer to a pointer to a value (the object) * METHOD is the method name * OFFSET is the offset within the value contents * NUM_FNS is the number of overloaded instances * BASETYPE is set to the type of the base subobject that defines the method * BOFFSET is the offset of the base subobject which defines the method / struct fn_field value_find_oload_method_list (struct value *argp, char method, int offset, int num_fns, struct type basetype, int boffset) { struct type t; t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (argp)); /* code snarfed from value_struct_elt / while (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_PTR \|\| TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_REF) { argp = value_ind (argp); / Don't coerce fn pointer to fn and then back again! / if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (argp)) != TYPE_CODE_FUNC) COERCE_ARRAY (argp); t = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (argp)); } if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER) error ("Not implemented: member type in value_find_oload_lis"); if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION) error ("Attempt to extract a component of a value that is not a struct or union"); return find_method_list (argp, method, 0, t, num_fns, basetype, boffset); } /* Given an array of argument types (ARGTYPES) (which includes an entry for "this" in the case of C++ methods), the number of arguments NARGS, the NAME of a function whether it's a method or not (METHOD), and the degree of laxness (LAX) in conforming to overload resolution rules in ANSI C++, find the best function that matches on the argument types according to the overload resolution rules. In the case of class methods, the parameter OBJ is an object value in which to search for overloaded methods. In the case of non-method functions, the parameter FSYM is a symbol corresponding to one of the overloaded functions. Return value is an integer: 0 -> good match, 10 -> debugger applied non-standard coercions, 100 -> incompatible. If a method is being searched for, VALP will hold the value. If a non-method is being searched for, SYMP will hold the symbol for it. If a method is being searched for, and it is a static method, then STATICP will point to a non-zero value. Note: This function does not check the value of overload_resolution. Caller must check it to see whether overload resolution is permitted. / int find_overload_match (struct type arg_types, int nargs, char name, int method, int lax, struct value *objp, struct symbol fsym, struct value valp, struct symbol symp, int staticp) { struct value obj = (objp ? objp : NULL); int oload_champ; / Index of best overloaded function / struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv = NULL; /* The measure for the current best match / struct value temp = obj; struct fn_field fns_ptr = NULL; / For methods, the list of overloaded methods / struct symbol oload_syms = NULL; / For non-methods, the list of overloaded function symbols / int num_fns = 0; / Number of overloaded instances being considered / struct type basetype = NULL; int boffset; int ix; int static_offset; struct cleanup old_cleanups = NULL; const char obj_type_name = NULL; char func_name = NULL; enum oload_classification match_quality; / Get the list of overloaded methods or functions / if (method) { obj_type_name = TYPE_NAME (VALUE_TYPE (obj)); / Hack: evaluate_subexp_standard often passes in a pointer value rather than the object itself, so try again / if ((!obj_type_name \|\| !obj_type_name) && (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (obj)) == TYPE_CODE_PTR)) obj_type_name = TYPE_NAME (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (VALUE_TYPE (obj))); fns_ptr = value_find_oload_method_list (&temp, name, 0, &num_fns, &basetype, &boffset); if (!fns_ptr \|\| !num_fns) error ("Couldn't find method %s%s%s", obj_type_name, (obj_type_name && obj_type_name) ? "::" : "", name); / If we are dealing with stub method types, they should have been resolved by find_method_list via value_find_oload_method_list above. / gdb_assert (TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (fns_ptr[0].type) != NULL); oload_champ = find_oload_champ (arg_types, nargs, method, num_fns, fns_ptr, oload_syms, &oload_champ_bv); } else { const char qualified_name = SYMBOL_CPLUS_DEMANGLED_NAME (fsym); func_name = cp_func_name (qualified_name); /* If the name is NULL this must be a C-style function. Just return the same symbol. / if (func_name == NULL) { symp = fsym; return 0; } old_cleanups = make_cleanup (xfree, func_name); make_cleanup (xfree, oload_syms); make_cleanup (xfree, oload_champ_bv); oload_champ = find_oload_champ_namespace (arg_types, nargs, func_name, qualified_name, &oload_syms, &oload_champ_bv); } /* Check how bad the best match is. / match_quality = classify_oload_match (oload_champ_bv, nargs, oload_method_static (method, fns_ptr, oload_champ)); if (match_quality == INCOMPATIBLE) { if (method) error ("Cannot resolve method %s%s%s to any overloaded instance", obj_type_name, (obj_type_name && obj_type_name) ? "::" : "", name); else error ("Cannot resolve function %s to any overloaded instance", func_name); } else if (match_quality == NON_STANDARD) { if (method) warning ("Using non-standard conversion to match method %s%s%s to supplied arguments", obj_type_name, (obj_type_name && obj_type_name) ? "::" : "", name); else warning ("Using non-standard conversion to match function %s to supplied arguments", func_name); } if (method) { if (staticp != NULL) staticp = oload_method_static (method, fns_ptr, oload_champ); if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (fns_ptr, oload_champ)) valp = value_virtual_fn_field (&temp, fns_ptr, oload_champ, basetype, boffset); else valp = value_fn_field (&temp, fns_ptr, oload_champ, basetype, boffset); } else { symp = oload_syms[oload_champ]; } if (objp) { if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (temp)) != TYPE_CODE_PTR && TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (objp)) == TYPE_CODE_PTR) { temp = value_addr (temp); } objp = temp; } if (old_cleanups != NULL) do_cleanups (old_cleanups); switch (match_quality) { case INCOMPATIBLE: return 100; case NON_STANDARD: return 10; default: / STANDARD / return 0; } } / Find the best overload match, searching for FUNC_NAME in namespaces contained in QUALIFIED_NAME until it either finds a good match or runs out of namespaces. It stores the overloaded functions in OLOAD_SYMS, and the badness vector in OLOAD_CHAMP_BV. The calling function is responsible for freeing OLOAD_SYMS and OLOAD_CHAMP_BV. / static int find_oload_champ_namespace (struct type arg_types, int nargs, const char func_name, const char qualified_name, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv) { int oload_champ; find_oload_champ_namespace_loop (arg_types, nargs, func_name, qualified_name, 0, oload_syms, oload_champ_bv, &oload_champ); return oload_champ; } /* Helper function for find_oload_champ_namespace; NAMESPACE_LEN is how deep we've looked for namespaces, and the champ is stored in OLOAD_CHAMP. The return value is 1 if the champ is a good one, 0 if it isn't. It is the caller's responsibility to free OLOAD_SYMS and OLOAD_CHAMP_BV. / static int find_oload_champ_namespace_loop (struct type arg_types, int nargs, const char func_name, const char qualified_name, int namespace_len, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv, int oload_champ) { int next_namespace_len = namespace_len; int searched_deeper = 0; int num_fns = 0; struct cleanup old_cleanups; int new_oload_champ; struct symbol *new_oload_syms; struct badness_vector new_oload_champ_bv; char new_namespace; if (next_namespace_len != 0) { gdb_assert (qualified_name[next_namespace_len] == ':'); next_namespace_len += 2; } next_namespace_len += cp_find_first_component (qualified_name + next_namespace_len); / Initialize these to values that can safely be xfree'd. / oload_syms = NULL; oload_champ_bv = NULL; / First, see if we have a deeper namespace we can search in. If we get a good match there, use it. / if (qualified_name[next_namespace_len] == ':') { searched_deeper = 1; if (find_oload_champ_namespace_loop (arg_types, nargs, func_name, qualified_name, next_namespace_len, oload_syms, oload_champ_bv, oload_champ)) { return 1; } }; / If we reach here, either we're in the deepest namespace or we didn't find a good match in a deeper namespace. But, in the latter case, we still have a bad match in a deeper namespace; note that we might not find any match at all in the current namespace. (There's always a match in the deepest namespace, because this overload mechanism only gets called if there's a function symbol to start off with.) / old_cleanups = make_cleanup (xfree, oload_syms); old_cleanups = make_cleanup (xfree, oload_champ_bv); new_namespace = alloca (namespace_len + 1); strncpy (new_namespace, qualified_name, namespace_len); new_namespace[namespace_len] = '\0'; new_oload_syms = make_symbol_overload_list (func_name, new_namespace); while (new_oload_syms[num_fns]) ++num_fns; new_oload_champ = find_oload_champ (arg_types, nargs, 0, num_fns, NULL, new_oload_syms, &new_oload_champ_bv); / Case 1: We found a good match. Free earlier matches (if any), and return it. Case 2: We didn't find a good match, but we're not the deepest function. Then go with the bad match that the deeper function found. Case 3: We found a bad match, and we're the deepest function. Then return what we found, even though it's a bad match. / if (new_oload_champ != -1 && classify_oload_match (new_oload_champ_bv, nargs, 0) == STANDARD) { oload_syms = new_oload_syms; oload_champ = new_oload_champ; oload_champ_bv = new_oload_champ_bv; do_cleanups (old_cleanups); return 1; } else if (searched_deeper) { xfree (new_oload_syms); xfree (new_oload_champ_bv); discard_cleanups (old_cleanups); return 0; } else { gdb_assert (new_oload_champ != -1); oload_syms = new_oload_syms; oload_champ = new_oload_champ; oload_champ_bv = new_oload_champ_bv; discard_cleanups (old_cleanups); return 0; } } / Look for a function to take NARGS args of types ARG_TYPES. Find the best match from among the overloaded methods or functions (depending on METHOD) given by FNS_PTR or OLOAD_SYMS, respectively. The number of methods/functions in the list is given by NUM_FNS. Return the index of the best match; store an indication of the quality of the match in OLOAD_CHAMP_BV. It is the caller's responsibility to free OLOAD_CHAMP_BV. / static int find_oload_champ (struct type *arg_types, int nargs, int method, int num_fns, struct fn_field fns_ptr, struct symbol oload_syms, struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv) { int ix; struct badness_vector bv; / A measure of how good an overloaded instance is / int oload_champ = -1; / Index of best overloaded function / int oload_ambiguous = 0; / Current ambiguity state for overload resolution / / 0 => no ambiguity, 1 => two good funcs, 2 => incomparable funcs / oload_champ_bv = NULL; /* Consider each candidate in turn / for (ix = 0; ix < num_fns; ix++) { int jj; int static_offset = oload_method_static (method, fns_ptr, ix); int nparms; struct type parm_types; if (method) { nparms = TYPE_NFIELDS (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (fns_ptr, ix)); } else { / If it's not a method, this is the proper place / nparms=TYPE_NFIELDS(SYMBOL_TYPE(oload_syms[ix])); } / Prepare array of parameter types / parm_types = (struct type ) xmalloc (nparms (sizeof (struct type ))); for (jj = 0; jj < nparms; jj++) parm_types[jj] = (method ? (TYPE_FN_FIELD_ARGS (fns_ptr, ix)[jj].type) : TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (SYMBOL_TYPE (oload_syms[ix]), jj)); / Compare parameter types to supplied argument types. Skip THIS for static methods. / bv = rank_function (parm_types, nparms, arg_types + static_offset, nargs - static_offset); if (!oload_champ_bv) { oload_champ_bv = bv; oload_champ = 0; } else / See whether current candidate is better or worse than previous best / switch (compare_badness (bv, oload_champ_bv)) { case 0: oload_ambiguous = 1; /* top two contenders are equally good / break; case 1: oload_ambiguous = 2; / incomparable top contenders / break; case 2: oload_champ_bv = bv; /* new champion, record details / oload_ambiguous = 0; oload_champ = ix; break; case 3: default: break; } xfree (parm_types); if (overload_debug) { if (method) fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overloaded method instance %s, # of parms %d\n", fns_ptr[ix].physname, nparms); else fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overloaded function instance %s # of parms %d\n", SYMBOL_DEMANGLED_NAME (oload_syms[ix]), nparms); for (jj = 0; jj < nargs - static_offset; jj++) fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"...Badness @ %d : %d\n", jj, bv->rank[jj]); fprintf_filtered (gdb_stderr,"Overload resolution champion is %d, ambiguous? %d\n", oload_champ, oload_ambiguous); } } return oload_champ; } / Return 1 if we're looking at a static method, 0 if we're looking at a non-static method or a function that isn't a method. / static int oload_method_static (int method, struct fn_field fns_ptr, int index) { if (method && TYPE_FN_FIELD_STATIC_P (fns_ptr, index)) return 1; else return 0; } /* Check how good an overload match OLOAD_CHAMP_BV represents. / static enum oload_classification classify_oload_match (struct badness_vector oload_champ_bv, int nargs, int static_offset) { int ix; for (ix = 1; ix <= nargs - static_offset; ix++) { if (oload_champ_bv->rank[ix] >= 100) return INCOMPATIBLE; /* truly mismatched types / else if (oload_champ_bv->rank[ix] >= 10) return NON_STANDARD; / non-standard type conversions needed / } return STANDARD; / Only standard conversions needed. / } / C++: return 1 is NAME is a legitimate name for the destructor of type TYPE. If TYPE does not have a destructor, or if NAME is inappropriate for TYPE, an error is signaled. / int destructor_name_p (const char name, const struct type type) { / destructors are a special case. / if (name[0] == '~') { char dname = type_name_no_tag (type); char cp = strchr (dname, '<'); unsigned int len; / Do not compare the template part for template classes. / if (cp == NULL) len = strlen (dname); else len = cp - dname; if (strlen (name + 1) != len \|\| strncmp (dname, name + 1, len) != 0) error ("name of destructor must equal name of class"); else return 1; } return 0; } / Helper function for check_field: Given TYPE, a structure/union, return 1 if the component named NAME from the ultimate target structure/union is defined, otherwise, return 0. / static int check_field_in (struct type type, const char name) { int i; for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (type) - 1; i >= TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); i--) { char t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (type, i); if (t_field_name && (strcmp_iw (t_field_name, name) == 0)) return 1; } /* C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to return it as a pointer to a method. / / Destructors are a special case. / if (destructor_name_p (name, type)) { int m_index, f_index; return get_destructor_fn_field (type, &m_index, &f_index); } for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type) - 1; i >= 0; --i) { if (strcmp_iw (TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (type, i), name) == 0) return 1; } for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type) - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (check_field_in (TYPE_BASECLASS (type, i), name)) return 1; return 0; } / C++: Given ARG1, a value of type (pointer to a)* structure/union, return 1 if the component named NAME from the ultimate target structure/union is defined, otherwise, return 0. / int check_field (struct value arg1, const char name) { struct type t; COERCE_ARRAY (arg1); t = VALUE_TYPE (arg1); /* Follow pointers until we get to a non-pointer. / for (;;) { CHECK_TYPEDEF (t); if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_PTR && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_REF) break; t = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (t); } if (TYPE_CODE (t) == TYPE_CODE_MEMBER) error ("not implemented: member type in check_field"); if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION) error ("Internal error: `this' is not an aggregate"); return check_field_in (t, name); } / C++: Given an aggregate type CURTYPE, and a member name NAME, return the appropriate member. This function is used to resolve user expressions of the form "DOMAIN::NAME". For more details on what happens, see the comment before value_struct_elt_for_reference. / struct value value_aggregate_elt (struct type curtype, char name, enum noside noside) { switch (TYPE_CODE (curtype)) { case TYPE_CODE_STRUCT: case TYPE_CODE_UNION: return value_struct_elt_for_reference (curtype, 0, curtype, name, NULL, noside); case TYPE_CODE_NAMESPACE: return value_namespace_elt (curtype, name, noside); default: internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, "non-aggregate type in value_aggregate_elt"); } } /* C++: Given an aggregate type CURTYPE, and a member name NAME, return the address of this member as a "pointer to member" type. If INTYPE is non-null, then it will be the type of the member we are looking for. This will help us resolve "pointers to member functions". This function is used to resolve user expressions of the form "DOMAIN::NAME". / static struct value value_struct_elt_for_reference (struct type domain, int offset, struct type curtype, char name, struct type intype, enum noside noside) { struct type t = curtype; int i; struct value v; if (TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_CODE (t) != TYPE_CODE_UNION) error ("Internal error: non-aggregate type to value_struct_elt_for_reference"); for (i = TYPE_NFIELDS (t) - 1; i >= TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (t); i--) { char t_field_name = TYPE_FIELD_NAME (t, i); if (t_field_name && strcmp (t_field_name, name) == 0) { if (TYPE_FIELD_STATIC (t, i)) { v = value_static_field (t, i); if (v == NULL) error ("static field %s has been optimized out", name); return v; } if (TYPE_FIELD_PACKED (t, i)) error ("pointers to bitfield members not allowed"); return value_from_longest (lookup_reference_type (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (t, i), domain)), offset + (LONGEST) (TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (t, i) >> 3)); } } / C++: If it was not found as a data field, then try to return it as a pointer to a method. / / Destructors are a special case. / if (destructor_name_p (name, t)) { error ("member pointers to destructors not implemented yet"); } / Perform all necessary dereferencing. / while (intype && TYPE_CODE (intype) == TYPE_CODE_PTR) intype = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (intype); for (i = TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (t) - 1; i >= 0; --i) { char t_field_name = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_NAME (t, i); char dem_opname[64]; if (strncmp (t_field_name, "__", 2) == 0 \|\| strncmp (t_field_name, "op", 2) == 0 \|\| strncmp (t_field_name, "type", 4) == 0) { if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, DMGL_ANSI)) t_field_name = dem_opname; else if (cplus_demangle_opname (t_field_name, dem_opname, 0)) t_field_name = dem_opname; } if (t_field_name && strcmp (t_field_name, name) == 0) { int j = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (t, i); struct fn_field f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (t, i); check_stub_method_group (t, i); if (intype == 0 && j > 1) error ("non-unique member `%s' requires type instantiation", name); if (intype) { while (j--) if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j) == intype) break; if (j < 0) error ("no member function matches that type instantiation"); } else j = 0; if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (f, j)) { return value_from_longest (lookup_reference_type (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j), domain)), (LONGEST) METHOD_PTR_FROM_VOFFSET (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VOFFSET (f, j))); } else { struct symbol s = lookup_symbol (TYPE_FN_FIELD_PHYSNAME (f, j), 0, VAR_DOMAIN, 0, NULL); if (s == NULL) { v = 0; } else { v = read_var_value (s, 0); #if 0 VALUE_TYPE (v) = lookup_reference_type (lookup_member_type (TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j), domain)); #endif } return v; } } } for (i = TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (t) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { struct value v; int base_offset; if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (t, i)) base_offset = 0; else base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (t, i) / 8; v = value_struct_elt_for_reference (domain, offset + base_offset, TYPE_BASECLASS (t, i), name, intype, noside); if (v) return v; } / As a last chance, pretend that CURTYPE is a namespace, and look it up that way; this (frequently) works for types nested inside classes. / return value_maybe_namespace_elt (curtype, name, noside); } / C++: Return the member NAME of the namespace given by the type CURTYPE. / static struct value value_namespace_elt (const struct type curtype, char name, enum noside noside) { struct value retval = value_maybe_namespace_elt (curtype, name, noside); if (retval == NULL) error ("No symbol \"%s\" in namespace \"%s\".", name, TYPE_TAG_NAME (curtype)); return retval; } / A helper function used by value_namespace_elt and value_struct_elt_for_reference. It looks up NAME inside the context CURTYPE; this works if CURTYPE is a namespace or if CURTYPE is a class and NAME refers to a type in CURTYPE itself (as opposed to, say, some base class of CURTYPE). / static struct value value_maybe_namespace_elt (const struct type curtype, char name, enum noside noside) { const char namespace_name = TYPE_TAG_NAME (curtype); struct symbol sym; sym = cp_lookup_symbol_namespace (namespace_name, name, NULL, get_selected_block (0), VAR_DOMAIN, NULL); if (sym == NULL) return NULL; else if ((noside == EVAL_AVOID_SIDE_EFFECTS) && (SYMBOL_CLASS (sym) == LOC_TYPEDEF)) return allocate_value (SYMBOL_TYPE (sym)); else return value_of_variable (sym, get_selected_block (0)); } /* Given a pointer value V, find the real (RTTI) type of the object it points to. Other parameters FULL, TOP, USING_ENC as with value_rtti_type() and refer to the values computed for the object pointed to. / struct type value_rtti_target_type (struct value v, int full, int top, int using_enc) { struct value target; target = value_ind (v); return value_rtti_type (target, full, top, using_enc); } / Given a value pointed to by ARGP, check its real run-time type, and if that is different from the enclosing type, create a new value using the real run-time type as the enclosing type (and of the same type as ARGP) and return it, with the embedded offset adjusted to be the correct offset to the enclosed object RTYPE is the type, and XFULL, XTOP, and XUSING_ENC are the other parameters, computed by value_rtti_type(). If these are available, they can be supplied and a second call to value_rtti_type() is avoided. (Pass RTYPE == NULL if they're not available / struct value value_full_object (struct value argp, struct type rtype, int xfull, int xtop, int xusing_enc) { struct type real_type; int full = 0; int top = -1; int using_enc = 0; struct value new_val; if (rtype) { real_type = rtype; full = xfull; top = xtop; using_enc = xusing_enc; } else real_type = value_rtti_type (argp, &full, &top, &using_enc); /* If no RTTI data, or if object is already complete, do nothing / if (!real_type \|\| real_type == VALUE_ENCLOSING_TYPE (argp)) return argp; / If we have the full object, but for some reason the enclosing type is wrong, set it // pai: FIXME -- sounds iffy / if (full) { argp = value_change_enclosing_type (argp, real_type); return argp; } / Check if object is in memory / if (VALUE_LVAL (argp) != lval_memory) { warning ("Couldn't retrieve complete object of RTTI type %s; object may be in register(s).", TYPE_NAME (real_type)); return argp; } / All other cases -- retrieve the complete object / / Go back by the computed top_offset from the beginning of the object, adjusting for the embedded offset of argp if that's what value_rtti_type used for its computation. / new_val = value_at_lazy (real_type, VALUE_ADDRESS (argp) - top + (using_enc ? 0 : VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (argp)), VALUE_BFD_SECTION (argp)); VALUE_TYPE (new_val) = VALUE_TYPE (argp); VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (new_val) = using_enc ? top + VALUE_EMBEDDED_OFFSET (argp) : top; return new_val; } / Return the value of the local variable, if one exists. Flag COMPLAIN signals an error if the request is made in an inappropriate context. / struct value value_of_local (const char name, int complain) { struct symbol func, sym; struct block b; struct value * ret; if (deprecated_selected_frame == 0) { if (complain) error ("no frame selected"); else return 0; } func = get_frame_function (deprecated_selected_frame); if (!func) { if (complain) error ("no `%s' in nameless context", name); else return 0; } b = SYMBOL_BLOCK_VALUE (func); if (dict_empty (BLOCK_DICT (b))) { if (complain) error ("no args, no `%s'", name); else return 0; } /* Calling lookup_block_symbol is necessary to get the LOC_REGISTER symbol instead of the LOC_ARG one (if both exist). / sym = lookup_block_symbol (b, name, NULL, VAR_DOMAIN); if (sym == NULL) { if (complain) error ("current stack frame does not contain a variable named `%s'", name); else return NULL; } ret = read_var_value (sym, deprecated_selected_frame); if (ret == 0 && complain) error ("`%s' argument unreadable", name); return ret; } / C++/Objective-C: return the value of the class instance variable, if one exists. Flag COMPLAIN signals an error if the request is made in an inappropriate context. / struct value value_of_this (int complain) { if (current_language->la_language == language_objc) return value_of_local ("self", complain); else return value_of_local ("this", complain); } /* Create a slice (sub-string, sub-array) of ARRAY, that is LENGTH elements long, starting at LOWBOUND. The result has the same lower bound as the original ARRAY. / struct value value_slice (struct value array, int lowbound, int length) { struct type slice_range_type, slice_type, range_type; LONGEST lowerbound, upperbound; struct value slice; struct type array_type; array_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (array)); COERCE_VARYING_ARRAY (array, array_type); if (TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_ARRAY && TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_STRING && TYPE_CODE (array_type) != TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING) error ("cannot take slice of non-array"); range_type = TYPE_INDEX_TYPE (array_type); if (get_discrete_bounds (range_type, &lowerbound, &upperbound) < 0) error ("slice from bad array or bitstring"); if (lowbound < lowerbound \|\| length < 0 \|\| lowbound + length - 1 > upperbound) error ("slice out of range"); /* FIXME-type-allocation: need a way to free this type when we are done with it. / slice_range_type = create_range_type ((struct type ) NULL, TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (range_type), lowbound, lowbound + length - 1); if (TYPE_CODE (array_type) == TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING) { int i; slice_type = create_set_type ((struct type ) NULL, slice_range_type); TYPE_CODE (slice_type) = TYPE_CODE_BITSTRING; slice = value_zero (slice_type, not_lval); for (i = 0; i < length; i++) { int element = value_bit_index (array_type, VALUE_CONTENTS (array), lowbound + i); if (element < 0) error ("internal error accessing bitstring"); else if (element > 0) { int j = i % TARGET_CHAR_BIT; if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN) j = TARGET_CHAR_BIT - 1 - j; VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (slice)[i / TARGET_CHAR_BIT] \|= (1 << j); } } / We should set the address, bitssize, and bitspos, so the clice can be used on the LHS, but that may require extensions to value_assign. For now, just leave as a non_lval. FIXME. / } else { struct type element_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (array_type); LONGEST offset = (lowbound - lowerbound) * TYPE_LENGTH (check_typedef (element_type)); slice_type = create_array_type ((struct type ) NULL, element_type, slice_range_type); TYPE_CODE (slice_type) = TYPE_CODE (array_type); slice = allocate_value (slice_type); if (VALUE_LAZY (array)) VALUE_LAZY (slice) = 1; else memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS (slice), VALUE_CONTENTS (array) + offset, TYPE_LENGTH (slice_type)); if (VALUE_LVAL (array) == lval_internalvar) VALUE_LVAL (slice) = lval_internalvar_component; else VALUE_LVAL (slice) = VALUE_LVAL (array); VALUE_ADDRESS (slice) = VALUE_ADDRESS (array); VALUE_OFFSET (slice) = VALUE_OFFSET (array) + offset; } return slice; } / Create a value for a FORTRAN complex number. Currently most of the time values are coerced to COMPLEX16 (i.e. a complex number composed of 2 doubles. This really should be a smarter routine that figures out precision inteligently as opposed to assuming doubles. FIXME: fmb / struct value * value_literal_complex (struct value arg1, struct value arg2, struct type type) { struct value val; struct type real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type); val = allocate_value (type); arg1 = value_cast (real_type, arg1); arg2 = value_cast (real_type, arg2); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val), VALUE_CONTENTS (arg1), TYPE_LENGTH (real_type)); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (val) + TYPE_LENGTH (real_type), VALUE_CONTENTS (arg2), TYPE_LENGTH (real_type)); return val; } / Cast a value into the appropriate complex data type. / static struct value cast_into_complex (struct type type, struct value val) { struct type real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type); if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_COMPLEX) { struct type val_real_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (VALUE_TYPE (val)); struct value re_val = allocate_value (val_real_type); struct value im_val = allocate_value (val_real_type); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (re_val), VALUE_CONTENTS (val), TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type)); memcpy (VALUE_CONTENTS_RAW (im_val), VALUE_CONTENTS (val) + TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type), TYPE_LENGTH (val_real_type)); return value_literal_complex (re_val, im_val, type); } else if (TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_FLT \|\| TYPE_CODE (VALUE_TYPE (val)) == TYPE_CODE_INT) return value_literal_complex (val, value_zero (real_type, not_lval), type); else error ("cannot cast non-number to complex"); } void _initialize_valops (void) { #if 0 deprecated_add_show_from_set (add_set_cmd ("abandon", class_support, var_boolean, (char ) &auto_abandon, "Set automatic abandonment of expressions upon failure.", &setlist), &showlist); #endif deprecated_add_show_from_set (add_set_cmd ("overload-resolution", class_support, var_boolean, (char ) &overload_resolution, "Set overload resolution in evaluating C++ functions.", &setlist), &showlist); overload_resolution = 1; } ```
The first Hamon de Massey was the owner of the manors of Agden, Baguley, Bowdon, Dunham, Hale and Little Bollington after the Norman conquest of England (1066), taking over from the Saxon thegn Aelfward according to Domesday Book. His probable birthplace was La Ferté-Macé or Ferté de La Macé, a recently constructed fortress in Normandy. Hamon was made a baron by Hugh Lupus, by his right as Earl of Chester, from 1071. The name of Hamon de Massey was passed on to his descendants for several generations. There are several different ways of spelling the name, including "de Masci", "de Mace", "de Macei", "de Mascy", "de Massy" and "de Massie". Later the name Baguley was adopted by the family as it was the site of their main property, and there are also many variations of this name. References Year of birth missing Year of death missing Anglo-Normans
Barahatal () is a rural municipality located in Surkhet District of Karnali Province of Nepal. Demographics At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Barahatal Rural Municipality had a population of 18,083. Of these, 87.5% spoke Nepali, 10.8% Magar, 1.0% Raji, 0.2% Gurung, 0.1% Maithili, 0.1% Newar and 0.1% other languages as their first language. In terms of ethnicity/caste, 30.3% were Magar, 24.6% Chhetri, 22.5% Kami, 5.0% Damai/Dholi, 4.5% Hill Brahmin, 4.0% Thakuri, 2.9% Gurung, 2.2% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 1.2% Raji, 1.1% Sarki, 0.5% Kumal, 0.4% Badi, 0.3% Newar, 0.1% Rajdhob, 0.1% other Terai and 0.2% others. In terms of religion, 84.2% were Hindu, 11.1% Buddhist, 4.4% Christian and 0.2% others. In terms of literacy, 65.8% could read and write, 4.9% could only read and 29.2% could neither read nor write. References External links Official website Populated places in Surkhet District Rural municipalities in Karnali Province Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017
Janno Botman (born 8 March 2000) in Andijk, Netherlands is a Dutch long track speed skater. Personal records Tournament overview source: References Living people 2000 births People from Andijk
```rust mod shared; pub use shared::; mod locale; pub use locale::; ```
Megalotomus is a genus of broad-headed bugs in the family Alydidae. There are about eight described species in Megalotomus. Species These eight species belong to the genus Megalotomus: Megalotomus acutulus Liu & Liu, 1998 Megalotomus castaneus Reuter, 1888 Megalotomus costalis Stål, 1873 Megalotomus junceus (Scopoli, 1763) Megalotomus obtusus Ghauri, 1972 Megalotomus ornaticeps (Stål, 1858) Megalotomus quinquespinosus (Say, 1825) (lupine bug) Megalotomus zaitzevi Kerzhner, 1972 References Further reading External links Articles created by Qbugbot Alydinae Pentatomomorpha genera
Luke Spicola (born Pontecorvo, approx. 1425 - died Pontecorvo, 1490) was an Italian Catholic priest belonging to the Order of Friars Preachers. The Catholic Church venerates him as a blessed and celebrates his memory on April 22. Life Luca Spicola was born about 1425, in Pontecorvo. He soon began to attend the local Dominican convent of the "Santissima Maria Annunziata" and at a young age received the religious habit. In 1454 he moved to Naples tp the Convent of San Domenico Maggiore of which he had become Prior. He also stayed for some time in Gaeta. Later he received an invitation, apparently from some nobles of Pontecorvo, to return to his native city as Prior of the convent of "Santissima Maria Annunziata", where he had been ordained. After an initial refusal, Friar Luca accepted the assignment and moved back to Pontecorvo. As the new Prior of his old convent, which at that time was made up of a church and a hospital, he worked to enlarge and improve the structure of the convent at a considerable expense. Fra' Luca Spicola died in Pontecorvo in 1490. Veneration According to one account, he was buried in the cloister of the convent of San Domenico Maggiore in Naples, where he had been Prior. According to the version of Teodoro Valle, he was initially buried at the convent of Pontecorvo, where he died, but then he was moved to Gaeta, by decision of the then Prior of the convent of Pontecorvo, who was originally from that city. His relics remained for some time at the convent of Gaeta until the invasion of the French when they were then moved to a secret place, together with the silverware and the documents of the convent. Since then, every trace of them has been lost. According to tradition, several miracles are attributed to Luca Spicola. The Holy See, through the efforts of the Provincial Fathers of the Dominican Order, officially recognized the virtues of Spicola, issuing a decree proclaiming his beatification. In the convent in Naples, there is a painting depicting his image, in the refectory. The veneration of Blessed Luke was maintained at least until the middle of the nineteenth century, and his memory was celebrated on April 22 (which perhaps corresponded to his day of birth). References Sources Marco Sbardella, “Il Beato Luca Spicola di Pontecorvo in un’inedita elegia dell’arcade Pietro Pellisieri”, Studi Cassinati. Bollettino trimestrale di studi storici del Lazio meridionale, III, 2003 pp. 64–68; Pasquale Cayro, Storia Sacra, e profana d'Aquino, e sua Diocesi, Napoli, 1808 P. Centi, Un figlio illustre di Pontecorvo: il Beato Luca Spicola, La Lucerna, 1961 Bonanni R., Uomini illustri di Aquino e diocesi, Alatri, 1923 Theodore Valle, "Breve Compendio degli più illustri padri nella vita, dignità, uffici e lettere ch'ha prodotto la Prou.del Regno di Nap.dell'Ord.de Predic. diviso in cinque parti fino al presente anno".– 1651 1420s births 1490 deaths People from Pontecorvo Italian beatified people Italian Dominicans Dominican beatified people
Zlatomir Obradov (25 January 1941 – 24 April 2013) was a Croatian footballer during the 1960s and later coach. He was a midfield player and, if necessary, played in the forwards. Playing career In his native village of Bašaid near Kikinda, he played for the local team, then in Kikinda for the Odred and after three years he moved on loan to FK Proleter Zrenjanin, where he was the best player and scorer. In 1966 he was moved to the Hajduk Split and played there for three years. Overall, for Hajduk he played 86 matches and scored 46 goals. Coaching career After a playing career as a one time involved with the coaching. In 1975, he was the coach of RNK Split, and later coached the NK Jadran Ploče. He died in Ploče. Honours and awards Hajduk Split Yugoslav Cup: Winner: 1966–67 References External links Preminuo Zlatomir Obradov at Hajduk Split's official website 1941 births 2013 deaths Sportspeople from Kikinda Footballers from North Banat District Men's association football midfielders Yugoslav men's footballers FK Proleter Zrenjanin players HNK Hajduk Split players Yugoslav First League players Yugoslav football managers RNK Split managers Croatian men's footballers Croats of Vojvodina Croatian football managers
Malleval () is a commune in the Loire department in central France. Population See also Communes of the Loire department References Communes of Loire (department)
Töölös () is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Suzak District. Its population was 1,070 in 2021. References Populated places in Jalal-Abad Region
Masood Ahmed is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Nitin Ganatra. The character made his first appearance in episode 3452, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 16 October 2007. Masood was introduced as part of the Masood family, a Pakistani-Muslim family gradually introduced across 2007 as part of plans to "diversify" the serial. This marked Ganatra's first role in soap opera and he was "nervous but excited" about joining the serial. His problematic marriage to Zainab Masood (Nina Wadia), who he had previously starred alongside, served as a key storyline for the character throughout his tenure. Early storylines for the character include bankruptcy and struggling to accept his son Syed Masood's (Marc Elliott) homosexuality. Wadia and Ganatra received positive reception from viewers and critics and were nominated for several awards. In 2011, the character had an affair with Jane Beale (Laurie Brett), which led to end of his and Zainab's marriage, before embarking on a feud with Yusef Khan (Ace Bhatti). Masood later begins a relationship with Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), which develops into a love triangle following the return of Carol's former partner, David Wicks (Michael French). The character has since entered into relationships with Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford), Belinda Peacock (Carli Norris) and Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). Ganatra's departure was announced on 1 September 2016, becoming the last member of the Masood family to leave. Masood made his departure in episode 5388, broadcast on 17 November 2016. In October 2017, it was announced that Masood would be returning to the show full-time, along with members of his extended family. He made a brief appearance on 28 November 2017 and returned permanently on 1 January 2018. On 26 January 2019, it was announced Ganatra had quit the soap again and Masood departed in episode 5871, originally broadcast on 19 February 2019. Masood left Albert Square to live in Pakistan. Storylines When Masood arrives in Albert Square with Zainab, Shabnam and Tamwar in October 2007, both Masood and Zainab are active in the postal industry: Masood is a postman and Zainab is the new owner of the post office in Walford. Masood goes to Pakistan to look after his sick father, but when he returns he discovers that his family are in serious debt. He attempts to resolve the problems to no avail. Due to their financial problems the Masoods are forced to close down the post office. They lie to the local residents that the government has closed them down, and they are then forced to reveal the truth when the residents start protesting. As well as this, daughter Shabnam decides to leave Walford in October 2008 to travel in Pakistan. The Masoods attempt to turn their fortunes around, starting a catering business called "Masala Masood". Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) invests £2,000 and the company merges with Ian and Christian Clarke's (John Partridge) catering company "Fit for a Queen", becoming "Masala Queen". Zainab accuses Masood of stealing money from the business, but Tamwar admits taking the money – lending it to his older brother, Syed. Masood reveals that Syed's actions are why he left the family; he had stolen money from the family business and is continuing to do so. Despite this, Zainab contacts Syed and meets him away from Walford, making Masood think she is having an affair. However, the truth is revealed, and Syed moves to Albert Square. Syed also gets engaged to his girlfriend Amira Shah (Preeya Kalidas). Masood plans to take Zainab on a trip around the world. However, Zainab tells Masood she is pregnant, scuppering their plans. In order to earn extra income and money, Masood works an extra shift at the taxi firm, despite being exhausted. When he drives Rachel Branning (Pooky Quesnel) home to Tring, he falls asleep at the wheel and crashes the car. PC Henderson (Jem Wall) questions Masood about the incident and Amira says he swerved to avoid someone on a moped. The police leave and Amira says she lied because she does not want two fathers in prison. Before Syed and Amira's wedding, Masood visits his brother Inzamam (Paul Bhattacharjee) to ask if he can help pay for the wedding. Zainab reveals that Inzamam has made advances towards her many times. Angry, Masood returns Inzamam's money and tells him he and his family are not welcome in their home any more. A month after the wedding, Masood is unaware that there have been problems in Syed and Amira's relationship. Zainab goes into labour, and Masood delivers the baby, Kamil. Masood's line manager David Hensler (Jonty Stephens) arrives with a colleague, saying there has been an allegation of stolen post and they must search the house. They find a package of Max Branning's (Jake Wood) and Masood receives a caution. Masood walks in on Syed and Christian kissing on the floor of Syed and Amira's new flat and quickly leaves. When Syed admits to his parents that he is gay, Masood attempts to convince Syed that he has a loving wife and a child, but Syed ignores this, and leaves his home. Masood believes that he is no longer part of the family and doesn't even want to hear his name, unlike Zainab who misses him dearly. Amira's father Qadim (Ramon Tikaram) arrives looking for Syed, and after Qadim and his associates beat Christian up, Christian sees Masood outside and begs for help, but Masood leaves him. The next day, Masood regrets his actions, saying that he should've helped Christian but is soon found out by Christian's sister, Jane Beale (Laurie Brett). Jane reveals that Zainab knew about Syed's sexuality even before his wedding. Masood and Zainab argue, and he packs her belongings and physically throws her out. The couple reconcile, however, and Syed moves back into the family home. However, he eventually reunites with Christian, and Masood and Zainab cut off their son again. Tamwar starts seeing Afia Khan (Meryl Fernandes) and her father, Yusef (Ace Bhatti), turns up and shocks Zainab as he is her former husband whose family set her on fire. He reveals he tried to save her life and he came to make peace, but Masood attacks him and throws him out. Masood discovers that Zainab is planning to buy the Argee Bhajee restaurant against his wishes. Masood meets Jane and they console each other about their respective partners. They meet again and go to a hotel with the intention of sex. However, they both change their minds and decide to remain friends. Zainab continues to defy Masood, and proceeds with her bid for the restaurant. She is successful, but only after paying an inflated price for it. Feeling guilty, he supports her purchase. Ian learns of Masood and Jane's encounter, and confronts him, punching Masood in the face. Tamwar invites Afia to the opening of the Argee Bhajee, Zainab and Masood agree to let Tamwar see Afia in the hope it will fizzle out. When Tamwar and Afia says they are in love, Yusef blesses them to marry, which Zainab and Masood are very displeased about, as they do not want Yusef to become a part of their family. After the roof of the Argee Bhajee collapses and the restaurant is forced to shut, the Masoods find themselves in debt. Zainab finds out that Phil loaned money to Masood for Tamwar's wedding and is furious. Masood is forced to admit that he is gambling by playing poker for Phil in an effort to pay their debt. This angers Zainab as Masood had previously sworn that he would never gamble again, as lost family money to gambling many years ago. Masood kidnaps Yusef in an attempt to scare him off, but when Yusef returns, he claims that Masood beat him and covered him in petrol, when he did not. Zainab kicks Masood out and he is banned from Afia and Tamwar's mehndi. At the mehndi, Afia's aunt tells everyone that Yusef and Zainab are having an affair, having misunderstood and overheard conversation, and Zainab denies this. She invites Masood to dinner, and there is a chance that they might reconcile until Denise Fox (Diane Parish) reveals that Yusef stayed at Zainab's house overnight, so Masood leaves. As part of his plan to destroy the Masood family, Yusef crushes up a bottle of pills and conceals them in Zainab's food. Zainab passes out and is hospitalised, with her family believing she took a deliberate overdose. Concerned that he is causing Zainab's worries, Masood divorces Zainab by saying the triple talaq. Yusef persuades Zainab to go on holiday with him to Pakistan, and while they are away, Amira returns with her and Syed's daughter, Yasmin. Masood is delighted to learn that he is a grandfather, and vows to reunite and repair his family, especially when it emerges that Yusef has falsified a paternity test to show that Syed is not Yasmin's father. However, Masood despairs when he sees Zainab talking to Yusef again, and declares that he has given up on her. Yusef later tells Masood that he has moven in with Zainab. Masood goes to Jane, who has now returned to Walford divorced from Ian, and tells her he cannot be just friends with her and they kiss. The pair then begin a discreet relationship. On the day that Masood and Zainab's divorce is finalised, Syed and Amira spot Masood together with Jane. Zainab then learns of the relationship. She wishes Masood well, but also tells him that she is marrying Yusef. Masood is shocked, but supports her decision. When Yusef tells Masood and Jane about them taking Kamil to Pakistan, Zainab and Jane argue. Later, Masood and Jane go to dinner at Ian and Mandy's house. At the dinner, Ian asks how Masood and Jane's relationship can develop if Jane is not a Muslim. A drunken Jane replies that she will convert, to the amazement of Masood. Masood talks to Jane about the sacrifices she will have to make to become a Muslim, and tells her he does not expect her to convert. Jane is relieved and decides not to convert after all. Masood finds a letter from Zainab asking for help, and discovers that Yusef has kidnapped Kamil. He plans with Zainab to stop Yusef taking her to Pakistan, and eventually tracks down Kamil and the police are called on Yusef. However, Afia lets him go and he escapes to the B&B where Masood stays during a party. Yusef reveals to Masood that it was not his family who started the fire which nearly killed Zainab but he himself, before setting the building on fire. Masood is caught in the fire with Yusef but tries to save him, however, Yusef is killed while Masood is rescued. Masood and Zainab then reunite, and he later proposes. Masood's brother AJ Ahmed (Phaldut Sharma) arrives in Walford and Masood makes sure AJ avoids Zainab. AJ later proves to be a bad influence on Masood when they damage Derek Branning's (Jamie Foreman) car with a shopping trolley. Derek later warns Masood that he has until the following day to repair the damage. When AJ discovers that Masood and Zainab are divorced, AJ later admits to Masood that he came to Walford because his wife has left him. Masood decides to catch up with AJ and tell him all about what had happened with Yusef. AJ leaves after taking Masood and Zainab's advice to reunite with his wife, but later returns when they split up for good. Zainab is unhappy when Masood says he wants to become a teaching assistant, but she eventually comes around to the idea and he starts his new job. Christian and Syed marry, but bailiffs arrive as the mortgage for the restaurant is four months in arrears. Masood and AJ try to get money from Kamil and Tamwar's trust funds to pay them but Masood finds the bank accounts are empty. He is angry at Zainab for keeping further secrets, and Syed reveals she took the money for him, and that the business is in ruins because of him. Masood then forces Zainab to leave Walford. When she returns, Masood is angry that she was not around during financial problems. However, they reconcile. Ayesha Rana (Shivani Ghai) comes to stay so she can meet Rashid Kayani (Gurpreet Singh), her suitor. However, Ayesha develops a crush on Masood, which he keeps hidden from Zainab. Masood makes it clear to Ayesha that he is not interested. Zainab buys an expensive water feature so that her neighbours will not think the family is poor, and she appears to care more about that than her relationship with Masood. When the water feature is sabotaged by Tiffany Butcher (Maisie Smith) and Morgan Butcher (Devon Higgs), Zainab blames Masood, who smashes the water feature in frustration. Ayesha tells Zainab she loves Masood and says he feels the same. Zainab tells her to leave, which she does. Masood and Zainab have several discussions and arguments, and eventually split, with Zainab taking Kamil and moving back to Pakistan. Masood becomes close to Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) and they arrange a date. It is put on hold when Ayesha returns, but Masood rejects her advances and she leaves. He tries again with Carol, but David Wicks (Michael French) comes back to Walford and Carol takes him in. When David attempts to come between Masood and Carol, Masood invites Carol to live with him, which she does, but returns to live with David after one night. Masood takes the breakup badly and loses Tamwar's university fund in a poker game to Alfie Moon (Shane Richie). When Tamwar discovers that his savings are missing, Masood lets Tamwar's friend Fatboy (Ricky Norwood) take the blame. When Masood is found in an alleyway after being mugged, Tamwar is left to look after him. Tamwar's new boss, Aleks Shirovs (Kristian Kiehling), arrives at his house and accuses Tamwar of stealing money from the workplace, when it was actually Masood. Tamwar discovers this after Aleks leaves, and shouts and insults Masood, who retaliates by punching Tamwar in the mouth. The next day, Tamwar tries to throw Masood out of the house, but he throws a drink over him and refuses to move out. Fatboy then calls Shabnam (now played by Rakhee Thakrar) and reveals that Masood punched Tamwar, so she returns to Albert Square permanently. Much to Shabnam's disapproval, Masood and Jane begin dating again when she returns to Walford. Shabnam attempts to reunite Jane with her ex-husband Ian, even though Ian is now engaged to Denise. When Ian's daughter, Lucy (Hetti Bywater) is murdered (see Who Killed Lucy Beale?), Jane and Ian find solace together and have sex. Jane then breaks up with Masood and abruptly leaves Walford. Masood, having found out what had transpired between Ian and Jane, angrily accuses Ian of stealing his girlfriend but later feels remorse about confronting Ian while he was grieving. Weeks later, Masood helps Ian out at Ian's restaurant and the two make amends. Ian then offers Masood a job. Masood starts gambling once again after being denied the chance to acquire the Arjee Barjee, he uses his family's money to fund his habit Following Shabnam's engagement to Kush Kazemi (Davood Ghadami), Masood overhears them talking about her daughter, Roya, who she gave up for adoption seven years previously. He confronts her and she admits it is true. Inzamam's wife Fatima Inzamam (Anu Hassan) tells Masood the child, now called Jade Green (Amaya Edward), was not adopted and she knows where she is. Following a heated exchange with Shabnam over Jade's welfare, Masood is banned from her wedding although they later reconcile. Shabnam is shocked when she catches Masood and Kush's mother Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford) in bed together. When Zainab cannot attend Kush and Shabnam's wedding, Masood goes to Pakistan and convinces her to send Kamil to attend the wedding. Masood later tells Tamwar that Zainab has been planning on cutting off all ties to her family. When prompted by Tamwar, Masood calls Zainab and refuses her access to Kamil unless she comes back to Walford to collect him herself. Masood later visits Carmel to tell her this, and the two agree to go out for drinks as just friends, though they have sex with Carmel is feeling lonely. Masood finds out that Kush is the father of Stacey Branning's (Lacey Turner) baby son Arthur and that Carmel knew about this, so he accuses Carmel of lying to him and punches Kush. Shabnam leaves Walford, and later, Masood learns that Zainab is getting married in Pakistan and she wants Tamwar and Kamil to attend, sending him money for plane tickets. Masood gives the money to Tamwar, who is planning to travel with his girlfriend Nancy Carter (Maddy Hill). Tina Carter (Luisa Bradshaw-White) sets up a dating profile for Masood and he arranges a date but she leaves when she sees him, and he blames Carmel, calling her jealous. He tells Tamwar he has failed in life, prompting Tamwar to decide not to leave. However, he apologises to Carmel and she advises him to face Zainab and then go on holiday so he can move on with his life. Masood agrees to do so and books three tickets to Pakistan and Thailand, telling Masood and Nancy that the three of them can travel together. However, this does not happen and after sharing an emotional goodbye with Masood, Tamwar leaves with Nancy alone. Masood mistakes Denise's encourages to find romance as flirting and holds her hand, upsetting Carmel, but Masood is embarrassed when he realises his mistake. Carmel later suggests she and Masood enter a casual sexual relationship as friends. Masood, although flattered, declines the offer. After he, Denise and Carmel make a pact to make the most out of life, Masood reveals that he has booked for him and Kamil to go travelling for 10 months. Carmel and Denise tell Masood that that is not a good idea as it would mean taking Kamil out of school and Carmel will miss Masood. However, Masood is adamant on going and Carmel is later stunned when she notices Masood's house is up for let, but she and Denise put it down to Masood suffering a midlife crisis. Denise sets Carmel and Masood up on a date so that their arrangement can become more romantic, and Carmel tells Denise that Masood has cancelled his travelling plans for her, but Denise hears that Masood is still planning to go, and Carmel is upset, so Denise tells Masood that he has been leading Carmel on. After learning that Denise is pregnant, Masood becomes her confidante when she reveals that the father is Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden), which leaves him stunned, but he promises not to reveal her secret before leaving. Masood returns a few weeks later with Kamil, and is shocked to find that Carmel and her youngest son Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi) have moved into his house. Masood is forced to move in with them but claims that he is back because Kamil was homesick, though he admits to Jane that he missed Carmel, however, Masood and Carmel end up arguing over Carmel's furniture and things between them grow tense when she accuses him of being lazy and badly influencing Shakil. Masood later grows close to Belinda Peacock (Carli Norris) when attempting to help her salon business, "Elysium", out of financial difficulty. They later agree they are attracted to each other, but she wants him to invest money so he makes her choose either the money or a relationship, so she opts for the latter. Carmel and Belinda's cousin, Stacey, disapprove of the relationship, especially when Belinda attempts to change Masood's dress sense. However, Belinda and Masood have sex on the salon floor. Masood hears that Zainab is getting divorced and calls her in Pakistan to comfort her and he books two tickets to Pakistan, while Belinda leaves Walford to go travelling with a friend. Carmel tries to stop Masood leaving but he insists he is doing what is best for Kamil. Denise is against him leaving and they have a falling out, but Carmel warns her not to let things end badly, so they make amends and he explains that all he sees in Walford is ghosts of the past. Masood says goodbye to his friends and leaves Walford with Kamil, with Jane saying they will always be here if he needs them. He and Kamil then leave, returning to Pakistan. A year later, Masood visits the Square to tell Carmel he is evicting her at the end of the year. Several months later, he moves in his uncle Arshad (Madhav Sharma) and aunt Mariam Ahmed (Indira Joshi), to give them more space for fostering. When Masood returns to the square, he speaks to Jack Branning (Scott Maslen) about renting a flat and borrows money from Arshad to pay the deposit. He also tries to con Carmel out of her security deposit but she threatens him into returning it. Masood sleeps in his ice cream truck as business is failing and he is homeless. Mariam and Arshad's foster daughter, Daisy (Amelie Smith), moves in and Masood is left to look after her but she goes missing when he leaves the room. The police are contacted, and in the search for Daisy, Masood's ice cream van is found and he is forced to reveal his lack of success to his family. Ian finds Daisy and returns her to the Ahmeds, but delays taking her back because Masood joked to him that Arshad and Mariam religiously brainwash children. The police are unimpressed and a report has to be filed about Daisy's disappearance, which Masood worries will harm his family's fostering. Masood moves in with Arshad and Mariam, who want Masood to pay rent despite owning the house, and Masood gains a job as a barman at The Vic, pretending to Arshad and Mariam he is a salesman. Masood quits his job from The Vic when Arshad finds out he is a barman, though he is taken on at Ian's fish shop, though customers do not like Masood's Indian twist. However, Robbie Jackson (Dean Gaffney) who has mistakenly eaten Masood's samosas thinking that it was a bonus lunch, tells Masood to sell them on the market. Masood is ashamed to ask Mariam for the recipe to the samosas and lies that he needs her to cook them for his date. Mariam makes them but discovers that Masood is lying and she believes that he wants a new wife. Mariam arranges a date between him and a lawyer named Noor, but he eventually tells Mariam the truth and she agrees to help him. Masood sells the samosas in the chip shop in secret but Ian's mother, Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth), finds out and sacks him, however, she gives his job back when she realises the samosas are increasing trade. However, when Ian returns from a trip, he sacks Masood after Masood requests a cut of the profits from the samosa sales. Masood then plans to sell street food but his old van has been vandalised and he asks Mo Harris (Laila Morse) to set up an online fundraiser. It is successful but he is forced to delete it because Mo has falsely claimed that Masood has neurocysticercosis. Masood and Ian both arrange to meet Alison Smith (Julianne White), a woman who is looking to invest in local businesses, but Ian accidentally takes Masood's business plan into his meeting. Alison is impressed but when Masood realises the error, Alison offers double the investment if they are a partnership, and they both accept. Masood plans to use his van while Ian will reopen his restaurant. However, Ian continuously attempts to push Masood out of the decision-making process. When Mariam and Arshad give Masood a large sum of cash, Masood decides he no longer needs Ian's help but is unable to tell him after Ian finds Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), who has been stabbed, and puts him in the recovery position. Ian and Masood argue over the restaurant, especially when Ian's flyers barely mention Masood's side of the business and Masood lies about getting the cheque from the investor. Ian is humiliated when he gets locked inside Masood's van due to a broken lock, especially after not realising the passenger works and Kathy lets him out. Club manager Mel Owen (Tamzin Outhwaite), who Ian is trying to impress, clashes with Ian and Masood over where their van is parked, and is unhappy every time it is moved. She tells Ian that parking it in a commercial street violates a rule and she will report them to the council. Ian lies to Masood that Mel complained to the council, but Masood realises and tells Ian to stop cutting him out of the business, and Ian tells Mel that they can work together to increase each other's business. Ian pretends to be ill to Masood so he can discuss business with Mel and when Masood finds out, he him the van will be called "Masood at Walford East" and Ian cannot object. While working together in the restaurant, Masood and Kathy share some lingering looks and touches. When the restaurant launches, Ian catches Masood and Kathy kissing, which causes an argument and a Walford Gazette photographer captures Ian throwing cake at Masood. Ian is humiliated by the news report and decides to cut Masood out of the business and change the menu. Ian accuses Kathy of never listening to him, breaking her promise to "be his mum again" and always wanting something else than her family, so Kathy ends things with Masood. Masood finds out Tamwar and Nancy are to marry in Australia. When Kathy returns from a holiday, she tells Masood she wants a proper relationship with him; he says he wants the same and they kiss. They tell Ian about their relationship, and Masood asks Kathy to be his guest at Tamwar and Nancy's wedding and then says he wants them both to live in Australia. However, Kathy says she needs to stay in Walford because Ian's son, Bobby Beale (Clay Milner Russell), is due to be released for prison and her family need her. Masood decides to sell his share of the restaurant to Max, and when Kathy finds out, she confronts Masood but he says he cannot make her choose between him and her family and he also has to be with his family, so they cannot continue their relationship. Mariam and Arshad's granddaughters, Iqra (Priya Davdra) and Habiba Ahmed (Rukku Nahar), arrive and tell Masood they will look after the restaurant and his house while he is in Australia and Masood allows it because he knows Ian and Max will not like it. Masood and Kathy share one last kiss before he leaves Walford to live in Australia. Other appearances Masood appears in the spin-off series EastEnders: E20. In episode 1 of series 1, Fatboy (Ricky Norwood) attempts to sell him Zsa Zsa Carter's (Emer Kenny) belongings that he found but he leaves when Leon Small (Sam Attwater) interrupts. In episode 2 of series 2, Masood is on the tube clutching his rucksack and Stevie Dickinson (Amanda Fairbank-Hynes) suspects he is a terrorist, and tells him that love can heal his pain but Naz Mehmet (Emaa Hussen) pulls her away. Later, a drunken Stevie apologises and when Masood notices she is cold and wet, he offers her his coat. In episode 4, Stevie returns the coat while Masood is working on the market, and attempts to flirt with him, but her tactics fail. She later returns and flirts again, asking if she has any work going and he asks her to come back the next day. She thinks her flirting has worked so goes back but ends up flashing her bra, so Naz ushers her away. In episode 6 he comes out during the power cut caused by Stevie and Sol Levi (Tosin Cole) and asks why Stevie's is the only flat with electricity. In episode 10, Stevie kisses Masood, saying one day they will have tea together. Creation Background Masood was one of several Asian characters introduced in 2007 by executive producer Diederick Santer. He was first seen in October 2007 as Walford's new postman. Masood was the fourth character in the Masood family to make an appearance on-screen, joining his wife Zainab (Nina Wadia) and daughter Shabnam (Zahra Ahmadi) who appeared in July 2007, and his son Tamwar (Himesh Patel) who appeared in October 2007. They are later joined in 2009 by their eldest son Syed (Marc Elliott). The Masoods were the first Muslim family to join the show since the Karims, who appeared between 1987 and 1990, and they were the first Asian family to be introduced since the unsuccessful Ferreira family in 2003. Panned by critics and viewers, the Ferreiras were dismissed as unrealistic by the Asian community in the UK, and were eventually axed in 2005. The introduction of more ethnic minority characters is part of Santer's plan to "diversify", to make EastEnders "feel more 21st century". Prior to 2007, EastEnders was heavily criticised by the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), for not representing the East End's real "ethnic make-up". It was suggested that the average proportion of visible minority faces on EastEnders was substantially lower than the actual ethnic minority population in East London boroughs, and it therefore reflected the East End in the 1960s, not the East End of the 2000s. Furthermore, it was suggested that an element of "tokenism" and stereotyping surrounded many of the minority characters in EastEnders. The expansion of minority representation in EastEnders provides "more opportunities for audience identification with its characters, hence a wider appeal." Trevor Phillips, CRE chair, said: "balanced representation of ethnic minority communities in the media matters. The industry has a key part to play in this, it is a powerful tool and can go a long way towards helping to build an integrated society." Casting Ganatra, who appeared in Bride and Prejudice and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, was cast in the role of Masood Ahmed. Ganatra had never acted in a soap before his role in EastEnders. He commented: "I have grown up with this show and it seems to have become a part of the British fabric. But friends in America, Canada and India have all seen it or heard of it so it ain't [sic] just this island that it has an impact on... The executive producer, Diederick [Santer], along with casting agent Julia, have been very open and welcoming. I am nervous but excited. I have been watching the show and it is really gripping me. The quality of actors are great, so I am really looking forward to working with them." Ganatra and Wadia have previous experience of playing a married couple. Both starred alongside each other in the play D'Yer Eat With Your Fingers? Wadia commented: "I'm absolutely thrilled as he's a fantastic actor. It's great fun working with Nitin as we both speak Gujarati which means we can have a bit of fun on set!... He is a good friend. Another good thing about Mrs Masood's great relationship with her husband is that he shows her softer side — with him, you will get to see her smile!" Personality Ganatra discussed his character in 2010, suggesting that Masood is very flexible: "You'll get a different response from him in almost every situation. He's not predicable. He has his lighter moments and then his darker moments. It gives a lot of colour to play with." Development In December 2009, Max Branning (Jake Wood) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) attempt to con Masood and Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt), but they realise and double bluff them. Ganatra revealed that he enjoyed the storyline, "as I got to shout at Phil and Max a lot. As [Masood] I never get to act with anyone else other than his batty family. It was the first time I’ve exchanged any dialogue with Jake Wood and I’ve only said one line to Steve McFadden in two years." The character was indirectly involved in a storyline about Muslim homosexuality in 2010, when he discovered that his eldest son Syed was having an adulterous relationship with a man, Christian Clarke (John Partridge). Discussing his character's reaction, Ganatra said, "Masood's world falls apart. [...] Masood has no idea what to do with what he's seen and ends up looking for advice from the imam at the mosque. [...] Masood's given a choice – either the community will disown the family or the family will have to disown Syed. [...] Masood [says] predatory things to Syed and Christian, teasing them about knowing. So in a very subtle way, he lets them both know that he's aware of what's going on and they'd better stop. [...] At first, it's not about what Syed's going through at all. It's about how it makes the family look. It's a very different dilemma to Zainab's. She's a reactive character, whereas Masood's pointing out that there's a bigger picture. Although Zainab appears to be the head of the household, they come from a patriarchal background. It's up to the father of the family to sort situations like this out - and in their culture, you're left with two choices: reject him or be rejected as a family. The whole community could turn on the Masoods." Masood begins a relationship with Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) which is later troubled by the arrival of her ex-boyfriend David Wicks (Michael French). Ganatra told Jon Peake from TV Choice that Masood is not threatened by David's arrival. But David's manipulative and clever personality develops a rivalry. The actor explained that Carol's theme of falling in love with David soon becomes "Masood's anguish". He wants reassurance but Carol is oblivious to Masood's concerns. Ganatra had worried that Wadia's departure would leave his character without direction. But he was delighted to receive the chance to work with other actors. The actor concluded that Masood had left a thirty-year relationship and wanted him to develop unlikable traits and be bad enough to stop David from winning Carol. Departures and returns In September 2016, it was announced that Ganatra had quit his role. His exit meant that there were no members of the Masood family left in the show at that time. Speaking of his decision to leave, Ganatra stated: ‘When I trained as an actor, I set out to play many different characters and never did I know that I would be so fortunate to have found a character that I have loved playing for nine years. However, after thinking long and hard, I have decided that it is time to get back out there and take on some other roles. I will of course miss everyone at EastEnders – I have had a brilliant time there, and who knows, one day Masood may be back." Ganatra also tweeted: "Genuinely touched by the response to news of my leaving #EastEnders. And thank you for the #masood love!!!" His final scenes aired on 17 November 2016 with Julia's Theme being played over it. On 3 October 2017, it was announced that Ganatra would return to the show a year after his departure. Masood's return includes new Ahmed family members. Of his return, Ganatra said that it was a "lovely surprise" to be asked back and explained that he had been told that Masood "has still much to give to the show and is missed by the audience", saying he found it "hard to refuse". Masood's return aired on 28 November 2017. On 26 January 2019, it was announced that Ganatra had chosen to leave the show once again. The actor said: "When I was asked to return to EastEnders, it was always with the intention of helping set up new Asian characters that continue the Masood family adventures," he explained. "With Arshad and Mariam at the helm and with the arrival of the feisty sisters Iqra and Habiba, I can now venture off to new horizons as an actor. I am still deeply attached to Masood and have invested much emotion into making this character memorable," Nitin continued. "I am in awe of how loved he is by audiences and fans of all ages, from all cultures and religions and walks of life. Thank you. I am humbled by the love. I will of course miss EastEnders and the wonderful people that work tirelessly to bring audiences dramatic, funny and compelling stories." An EastEnders spokesperson added: "Nitin has been a wonderful addition to the cast and we wish him all the very best for the future." He departed on-screen in the episode broadcast on 19 February 2019, during the show's 34th anniversary. Arshad and Mariam left the show later in 2019, while Habiba and Iqra departed in 2020 and 2022 respectively. There have been no members of the Masood family in the show since. Reception Masood, along with the rest of his family, was criticised by actor Deepak Verma, who played Sanjay Kapoor between 1993 and 1998. He said that EastEnders had failed to portray Asian families in a realistic manner, branding the family "two-dimensional and ill-conceived". A BBC spokesperson responded by saying "It's a shame Deepak feels that way but that's clearly his personal opinion. The Masood family have proved to be hugely popular with EastEnders viewers." Ganatra has received a number of award nominations for his portrayal of Masood, including Best Actor at the 2010 and 2011 British Soap Awards and Best Actor at the 2010 and 2011 Inside Soap Awards. Additionally, Ganatra and Wadia shared the award for 'Best On-Screen Partnership' at the 2009 British Soap Awards. In 2011 Inside Soap readers voted Masood their least favourite member of his family. See also List of EastEnders: E20 characters List of fictional postal employees References External links EastEnders characters Ahmed family Fictional British postal workers Fictional chefs Fictional British Pakistani people Fictional Muslims Fictional businesspeople Television characters introduced in 2007 Fictional gamblers Fictional market stallholders Male characters in television Crossover characters in television
Rene Morena Rodriguez (August 22, 1944 – April 29, 2014), better known as Ramil Rodriguez, was a veteran actor in the Philippines. He was a matinee idol in 1960s and one of the famous Sampaguita Pictures Stars '66. In 1966, he was proclaimed the Prince of Philippine Movies (sponsored by Bulaklak Magazine). Career He was introduced in Leron, Leron Sinta (1964) starring Susan Roces, Eddie Gutierrez and Liberty Ilagan. Shirley Moreno and Ramil appeared together in Bye-Bye Na Sa Daddy (1965), Gintong Recuerdo (1965), and Ang Lagay 'Adre... Ay Under-istanding! (1966). Sampaguita Pictures, launched 10 new faces packaged as Stars '66. The Stars '66 were composed of Dindo Fernando, Bert Leroy, Jr., Pepito Rodriguez, Edgar Salcedo, Rosemarie Sonora, Gina Pareño, Loretta Marquez, Shirley Moreno and Blanca Gomez. The Stars 66 did movies Maraming Kulay ang Pag-ibig (1966) and Jamboree '66 (1966). He became a full-pledged actor in Kulay Rosas Ang Pag-ibig (1968) opposite Susan Roces. As veteran actor, he performed more than 110 movies and television shows from 1960. Personal life He is the older brother of actor Pepito Rodriguez. Death He died on April 29, 2014, after battling lung cancer. Filmography Film Palanca (1960) Libis ng Baryo (1964) Paano Kita Lilimutin? (1965) Mama! (1966) Sitting in the Park (1967) Kulay Rosas ang Pag-ibig (1968) Paula (1969) Ako'y Tao, May Dugo at Laman! (1970) Innamorata (1973) Isang Gabi... Tatlong Babae! (1974) Postcards from China (1975) Apat ang Naging Mister Ko (1976) Tutol ang Lupa sa Patak ng Ulan (1977) Blood Run (1978) Kape't Gatas (1980) Rosa ng Candaba (1981) Puppy Love (1982) Sinasamba Kita (1982) Summer Holiday (1983) Kaya Kong Abutin ang Langit (1984) Inday Bote (1985) Inday Inday sa Balitaw (1986) Alabok sa Ulap (1987) Nakausap Ko ang Birhen (1988) Boy Negro (1988) Tamis ng Unang Halik (1989) Kung Sino Pa ang Minahal (1991) First Time... Like a Virgin! (1992) Aguinaldo (1993) Muntik Na Kitang Minahal (1994) Pare Ko (1995) Ikaw Naman ang Iiyak (1996) DoReMi (1996) Wala Nang Iibigin Pang Iba (1997) Hamog sa Magdamag (1998) Mula sa Puso: The Movie (1999) Higit Pa sa Buhay Ko (1999) Mahal Kita, Walang Iwanan (2000) Ooops, Teka Lang... Diskarte Ko 'To! (2001) You and Me Against the World (2003) Television Florinda (1977) Mansyon (1986) Mula sa Puso (1997) Love to Love - "Sweet Exchange" (2004) Magpakailanman - "The Jose & Perlita Claro Story" (2005) Duyan (2006) Bakekang (2006) I'll Take Care of You (2008) May Bukas Pa (2009–2010) Love Me Again (2010) References External links 1944 births 2014 deaths ABS-CBN personalities Deaths from lung cancer in the Philippines Filipino male film actors Filipino male television actors Male actors from Pampanga People from San Fernando, Pampanga
Estrella of the Sierra Morena (Spanish: Estrella de Sierra Morena) is a 1952 Spanish historical drama film directed by Ramón Torrado and starring Lola Flores, Rubén Rojo and José Nieto. It was produced and distributed by Suevia Films, one of the two dominant Spanish studios along with Cifesa. The film's sets were designed by the art director Enrique Alarcón. Cast Lola Flores as Estrella Rubén Rojo as Carlos José Nieto as Juan María Manolo Morán as Ladeao Fernando Fernández de Córdoba as Corregidor Félix Fernández as Padre Francisco Fernando Sancho as Rafael Raúl Cancio as Vasco Juan Vázquez as Don Periquito José Isbert as Labriego Antoñita Ariel as Rocío Juana Mansó a s Dolores Félix Briones as Manuel Casimiro Hurtado as Joseíllo Arturo Marín as Marchenero Manuel Requena as Alcaide María Luisa Ponte as Alicia Carmen Flores as Gitanilla Pilar Gómez Ferrer as Señorita cursi Francisco Bernal as Truhán Beni Deus as Sargento Manuel Guitián as Sacristán Rosario Royo as Ventera José Gomis as Oficial que lee el bando Manrique Gil as Médico Dolores Bremón as Úrsula References Bibliography Bentley, Bernard. A Companion to Spanish Cinema. Boydell & Brewer 2008. Labanyi, Jo. Constructing Identity in Contemporary Spain. Oxford University Press, 2002. External links 1952 films Spanish drama films 1952 drama films 1950s Spanish-language films Films directed by Ramón Torrado 1950s Spanish films Suevia Films films 1950s historical films Spanish historical films Films set in the 19th century
Timothy Donahue Kelly (August 15, 1944 – August 17, 2009) was an American businessman and politician. Born in Sacramento, California, Kelly graduated from Sacramento High School in 1962. He served in the United States Marine Corps and later in the Alaska Air National Guard. He was a legislative aide in California and Nevada. In 1970, he moved to Alaska and settled in Anchorage, Alaska. He was in the banking business. A Republican, Kelly was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1976 and the Alaska State Senate in 1978. During his time as senator, Kelly represented both East Anchorage and Eagle River districts due to changes in electoral district boundaries through the years. Kelly also served as the Senate Rules Committee chair from 1981-1982, 1985-1986, and 1993-1996. In 1989, Kelly was elected Senate president, but he left the Senate in 1990 to campaign, unsuccessfully, for lieutenant governor. He was reelected to the Senate in 1992 and again in 1996. Kelly decided not to seek reelection in 2000, and instead began working as a lobbyist representing medical and insurance clients. Kelly died at his home, in Anchorage, Alaska, from heart problems. Kelly married Lisa Nelson and the couple had two children. Notes 1944 births 2009 deaths Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska Politicians from Sacramento, California Military personnel from California Businesspeople from Anchorage, Alaska Presidents of the Alaska Senate Republican Party Alaska state senators Republican Party members of the Alaska House of Representatives Military personnel from Anchorage, Alaska 20th-century American politicians 20th-century American businesspeople
Yasmin Ingham (born 13 May 1997) is a British equestrian. In 2022 Ingham won individual gold at the World Eventing Championships riding Banzai du Loir. Early life Ingham was born and raised on the Isle of Man where her mother Lesley was a manager of a large equestrian centre called Kennaa. Ingham said her first words were "on it" when she was petting her mother’s horse, Remy. Career Ingham joined the Isle of Man branch of the Pony Club and competed in hunter showing classes and qualified for the Royal International Horse Show and Horse of the Year Show before deciding she wanted to concentrate on eventing in 2010. In 2012, riding Craig Mor Tom in Fontainebleau she competed for the first time for the British team at the Pony European Eventing Championships. They did so again in 2013 in Arezzo, Italy where they won both individual and team gold medals. In 2013 she was named Isle of Man Sportswoman of the Year. In 2015, riding Mary King's former Mount Imperial Cavalier (or 'Archie') she won the British national junior title. In 2018, riding Rehy DJ Ingham won the National Young Rider Championships at Houghton Hall and then finished fourth at the Young Rider Europeans in Fontainebleau. In 2019 Ingham won her fourth age-group British championships when riding Sandman 7 they triumphed in the under-25 British Championship. Ingham made her five-star in the spring of 2022 in Kentucky and finished second behind Michael Jung and his horse FischerChipmunk. In 2022 on her senior World Championship debut, Ingham clinched individual gold at the World Eventing Championships riding Banzai du Loir. They were third after the dressage and second after the cross country before going clear in the show jumping at , Italy, to finish ahead of 2020 Olympic winner Julia Krajewski aboard Amande de B'Neville in silver and New Zealand's Tim Price with Falco in bronze. References 1997 births Living people Manx people 21st-century Manx people Manx sportswomen British female equestrians British event riders
The 2001–02 season was the 66th season in the existence of US Créteil-Lusitanos and the club's third consecutive season in the second division of French football. In addition to the domestic league, US Créteil-Lusitanos competed in this season's edition of the Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue. The season covered the period from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002. Players First-team squad Transfers In Out Pre-season and friendlies Competitions Overall record French Division 2 League table Results summary Results by round Matches Coupe de France Coupe de la Ligue Statistics Squad statistics \|- ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\|Goalkeepers \|- ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\|Defenders \|- ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\|Midfielders \|- ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\|Forwards \|- ! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Players who have made an appearance or had a squad number this season but have left the club \|} Goalscorers References US Créteil-Lusitanos seasons US Créteil-Lusitanos
The Smith & Wesson Model 4506 is a third-generation semi-automatic pistol from Smith & Wesson's 4500 series of handguns. The 4506 is chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge and, with the purchase of special springs, the stronger .45 Super. It is constructed almost entirely from stainless steel and is thus extremely resistant to harsh weather conditions. The 4506 is a traditional double-action/single-action pistol. The first shot is fired in double-action mode. Each subsequent shot is fired in single-action mode. It features one-piece Xenoy wrap-around grips with either a curved or straight back strap. The 4506 was produced from 1988 to 1999. Like most 3rd generation Smith & Wesson semi automatic pistols, the 4506 features a combination safety lever and decocker mounted on the slide, a plunger type firing pin safety, a magazine disconnect and a pin mounted, pivoting spring actuated external extractor. Variants Smith & Wesson Model 4506-1: Later, modified version of the 4506. Change to the slide manufacturing process. Trigger guard changed from square to round. Much later, the hammer and trigger were changed to being blued instead of receiving a flash chrome finish, and the S&W roll marks were dropped in favor of laser etching. Smith & Wesson Model 4516: Compact version with a 3 " barrel on a smaller frame accepting 7 round single column magazines. Smith & Wesson Model 4546: Double-action-only version of the 4506 with a rounded, stubby hammer. Only produced in 1992. Smith & Wesson Model 4563: Midsize version with a 4" barrel on a full-size alloy frame. Smith & Wesson Model 4566: Midsize version with a 4" barrel on a full-size steel frame, the 4566 was formerly the issued sidearm of the New Hampshire State Police. Current issue (June 2015) with West Virginia State Police, in DAO (Double-Action-Only; TSW version), with bobbed hammer. Two versions in use: Natural stainless and blackened Melonite. Both have the S&W emblem and "West Virginia State Police" followed by WVSP shoulder patch laser etched left side of slide. "West Virginia State Police" laser etched right side of slide. Picatinny rail in front of trigger guard. WVSP carry two vertical back-up mags left of dutybelt buckle for a total of 24 rounds on patrol. Smith & Wesson Model 4567: Midsize version with a 4" barrel on a full-size stainless steel frame with a blue carbon steel slide and tritium night sights. Also known as the Model 4567-NS. Only 1236 were produced in the 1992 single year production. Smith & Wesson Model 4505: Rare blued carbon steel version of the 4506, only about 1,200 manufactured in 1992 Smith & Wesson Model 4586: A double-action-only version of the 4566, with a partially preset hammer and no external safety/decocker. The issued sidearm of the Idaho State Police from 1992 to 2002. External links Vintage Pistols Kitsune.Addr.com Galco Gunleather Smith & Wesson semi-automatic pistols .45 ACP semi-automatic pistols Semi-automatic pistols of the United States
Zak Knutson (born January 4, 1974 in Detroit, Michigan) is a director, producer, writer, and actor. Career 1990s Starting in 1993, Knutson acted in multiple television programs including The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Coach, Beverly Hills, 90210, and The John Larroquette Show. 2000s In 2000, Knutson landed an assistant role at View Askew Productions. In 2005, he created the production company Chop Shop Entertainment with longtime friend Joey Figueroa. 2010s The last Chop Shop project was Milius, a documentary on Hollywood rebel John Milius. The film opened at the SXSW Film Festival in 2013. The film also played at the Telluride Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival. In 2014, Knutson directed Marvel 75: From Pulp to Pop for Marvel and ABC Television. Knutson directed Shock the World, a documentary about Jesse Ventura's path from professional wrestler to governor of Minnesota. Shock the World premiered April 2015 at the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival. Knutson directed Marvel's Captain America: 75 Heroic Years, which aired on ABC on January 19, 2016. The film Supercon, starring Clancy Brown, Maggie Grace and John Malkovich, was written by Knutson (along with Dana Snyder and Andy Sipes) and is directed by Knutson. Personal life In his youth, Knutson was an avid surfer and a fan of the film Big Wednesday. Knutson worked as a bouncer in the mid 1990s and as a tour guide for Universal Studios Hollywood. Filmography Awards and nominations References External links Film producers from Michigan Male actors from Detroit 1974 births Living people American film directors Comedy film directors
Thelymitra sparsa, commonly called the wispy sun orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to Tasmania. It has a single erect, fleshy leaf and up to six relatively small blue flowers with a few small darker spots. The flowers are self-pollinated and open only slowly on hot days. The species is restricted to a few restricted montane sites in south-eastern Tasmania. Description Thelymitra sparsa is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single erect, fleshy, channelled, linear to lance-shaped leaf long and wide. Up to six blue flowers with a few small darker spots, wide are arranged on a flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are long and wide. The column is bluish, long and about wide. The lobe on the top of the anther is dark blue and brown with a yellow tip and a few short finger-like glands on the back. The side lobes have a few sparse white hairs on their ends. Flowering occurs in December and January but the flowers are self-pollinated and only open on hot days, and then only slowly. Taxonomy and naming Thelymitra sparsa was first formally described in 1999 by David Jones from a specimen collected on the plains near Snug and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The specific epithet (sparsa) is a Latin word meaning “strewn", "sprinkled", "flecked" or "spotted", referring to the sparse hairs on the anther's lateral lobes. Distribution and habitat The wispy sun orchid is restricted to a few montane sites on the Snug Plains and Wellington Range near Hobart where it grows in low scrub with grasses and sedges. References External links sparsa Endemic orchids of Australia Orchids of Tasmania Plants described in 1998
Sangsu-dong is a legal dong, neighbourhood of the Mapo-gu district in Seoul, South Korea and was merged with Changjeon-dong into Seogang-dong in January 2007. Transport The area is served by subway via Hongik University station () and Sangsu station (). Also, various Seoul bus lines reach the street. See also Administrative divisions of South Korea References External links Mapo-gu official website in English Map of Mapo-gu at the Mapo-gu official website Map of Mapo-gu at the Mapo-gu official website Seogang-dong resident office website Neighbourhoods of Mapo District
Makovo (Cyrillic Маково) may refer to: Makovo, Bulgaria, a village in northeastern Bulgaria Makovo, North Macedonia, a village in southwestern North Macedonia Several rural localities in Russia: Makovo, Astrakhan Oblast, a village in Makovsky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast Makovo, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Babyninsky District, Kaluga Oblast Makovo, Lipetsk Oblast, a village in Lomigorsky Selsoviet of Volovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast Makovo, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Streletsko-Vyselsky Rural Okrug of Mikhaylovsky District, Ryazan Oblast See also Makowo (disambiguation)
James McQueen Brand, FRGS (January 31, 1822 – May 12, 1897) was a Scottish-American merchant who served as the president of the Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York. Early life Brand was born on January 31, 1822, in Dumfries, Scotland. He was a son of John Brand (1781–1840), a merchant, and Jean (née McQueen) Brand of the Parish of Crawford, Scotland. His maternal grandmother was Elizabeth (née Baillie) McQueen of Clydesdale and his mother was a first cousin of Mrs. Welsh, the mother of Jean Baillie Welsh, who married Thomas Carlyle. His was a relative of Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, the Governor of Queensland and of Bombay. He was educated at the Dumfries Academy, before entering the office of his uncle, a West Indian merchant in London, as a young man. Career Brand traveled from London to Colombo, Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) where he lived for two years before returning to England after inheriting a fortune following his uncle's death. He traveled for sometime, including to the United States, before returning to England again where he became a partner in the firm of Mariet, Barber & Company in 1850, representing the house in London until the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War. In 1863, he permanently moved to New York City where set up an office on lower Broadway, before relocating to Beekman Street, Cliff Street, Burling Slip and, lastly, to Fulton Street. Brand was one of the early members of the New York Produce Exchange and "imported the first cargo of coffee" to New York (from Ceylon). From 1877 on, he acted as agent for the firms of W.J. Turney & Co. of Stourbridge, and of Sir John Turney at Nottingham, and one of the main importers of Portland cement. He also was a member of the Building Material Exchange and a director of the American Cement Company and the Cheseborough Vaseline Company. From 1859, Brand was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and became a member of the Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York in 1850, serving as manager, second vice-president and as president from 1876 to 1879. Personal life On February 1, 1860, Brand was married to Julia Marianne Wilson at St James's Church, Piccadilly in London. Julia was the daughter of William Wilson and Eliza Rimington (née Campain) Wilson. After a ten-day illness, Brand died, without issue, on May 12, 1897, at 27 West 47th Street, his residence in New York City. After a funeral at the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church, he was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. References 1822 births 1897 deaths People from Dumfries Scottish emigrants to the United States Presidents of the Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York American expatriates in Sri Lanka British expatriates in Sri Lanka 19th-century American merchants
Sentonge (died 1173) was the probably legendary Viscount of Béarn from 1171, until his execution two years later. He was from Auvergne. The story of his succession to Béarn is probably not reliable and is likely a later invention. In 1171, the nobles of Béarn executed their elected viscount Theobald. They invited Sentonge to take up the vicecomital office. He was serving for two years when the nobles turned against him for infringing upon the Fors de Bearn. He was arrested and executed to be replaced by Gaston VI. References 1173 deaths Sentonge Year of birth unknown 12th-century French nobility
François-Théodore Savoie (February 14, 1846 – September 9, 1921) was a Canadian politician. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Quebec electoral district of Mégantic in the 1904 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1908. In 1915, he was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec for the Kennebec Division. He died while in office in 1921. References 1846 births 1921 deaths Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec Quebec Liberal Party MLCs
Tyrone Benskin (born 29 December 1958) is an English-Canadian actor, theatre director and politician. He was elected Member of Parliament in the Jeanne-Le Ber riding, in Montreal, Quebec, in the 2011 Canadian federal election and served as an MP until 2015. Life and career Benskin was born in Bristol, England but moved to Canada in 1968 at age nine. Artistic career Having studied theatre at both CEGEP and university levels in Montreal, Benskin has become a significant presence in theatre, film, television and music. His theatre credits include features appearances on such celebrated stages as the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, the National Arts Centre and the Centaur Theatre in Montreal. Benskin also supplied the voice of Kobalt in the 1996 animated series of Flash Gordon and Bo and Wimzie's father Rousso in the children's television series Wimzie's House. In politics On 30 January 2011, Benskin was announced as the federal New Democratic Party candidate in the Montreal-area riding of Jeanne-Le Ber in the 2011 federal election. During the election, his candidacy was seen as one of the NDP's better chances for a gain in Quebec, and NDP leader Jack Layton described him as having minister potential. On 2 May 2011, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada with a substantial margin, defeating Bloc Québécois incumbent Thierry St-Cyr. Benskin was named the Official Opposition's critic for Canadian Heritage, and later transferred to the Official Languages file as deputy critic. He was dropped from the shadow cabinet after party leader Thomas Mulcair learned that Benskin owed the Quebec revenue agency $58,000 for unpaid taxes from 2007 to 2011. Benskin apologized, attributing the non-payment to having precarious employment as an artist prior to becoming an MP. Benskin did not stand as a candidate in the 2015 federal election, having lost the local party's nomination to Allison Turner. Electoral record Filmography Film Killing 'em Softly (1982) as 2nd Black man Adam's Wall as Mostafa Aftermath (2002) as Arnold Ross The Amityville Curse (1990) as Video Technician Bears as Narrator Blind Fear as Guard Canvas (1992) as Detective Austin Cargo (2000) as Radio Criminal Law as Jackson Dead Like Me: Life After Death as Police Commissioner Cusek Death of a Ladies' Man as Jonathan Hébert Enemies: A Love Story as Cabbie Fais danser la poussière as Lawyer Full Disclosure (2001) as FBI Special Agent Draper I'm Not There (2007) as Mr. Avrin Island of the Dead (2000) as Dwight Truman Jack Paradise: Montreal by Night (Jack Paradise : Les nuits de Montréal) as Winston White The Kiss (1988) as Railway Station Doctor Lotto 6/66 (2006, Short) as Landlord Money (1991) as 3rd Broker Relative Fear (1994) as Cop The Killing Machine (1994) as Doctor #2 Soul Survivor (1995) as Jerome The Wrong Woman (1995) as Mitchum Marked Man (1996) as Detective Boyd Sci-fighters (1996) as Dr. Gene Washington Stranger in the House (1997) as Slovitz Peepers as Helman Scanners II: The New Order as Store Owner Stolen Babies, Stolen Lives as Narrator Sunday Afternoon as Monty Volcanos of the Deep Sea as Narrator 10.5: Apocalypse as Jackson, The Bartender 300 (2006) as Persian Emissary Television Night Heat (1988) as Mitch Malloy Shades of Love: The Man Who Guards the Greenhouse (1988, TV Movie) as Workman The Phone Call (1989, TV Movie) as Police Officer #2 The Final Heist (1991, TV Movie) as Juan Urban Angel (1991) as Agent #1 / Travis The Boys of St. Vincent (1994, TV Movie) as Dr. Maynard Race to Freedom: The Underground Railroad (1994, TV Movie) as Ward TekWar: TekLords (1994, TV Movie) as Dr. Brimell My Breast (1994, TV Movie) as Dr. Henry Balmer Ready or Not (1994) as Mr. Edwards Forever Knight (1995) as Jonah Convict Cowboy (1995, TV Movie) as Curtis Cagney and Lacey: The View Through the Glass Ceiling (1995, TV Movie) as Dr. Nasser Side Effects (1995) as Detective Watson Spenser: A Savage Place (1995, TV Movie) as Stevenson Johnny and Clyde (1995, TV Movie) as Hadley Dark Eyes (1995) as Bill Marsden Due South (1995-1998) as Mr. Shawl / Jeff Storey Wimzie's House (1995-2002) as Rousso (voice) Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1996) as Jack Palmer A Husband, a Wife and a Lover (1996, TV Movie) as Dr. Carpenter F/X: The Series (1996) as Judge We the Jury (1996, TV Movie) as Noland James Riverdale (1997) as Mike A Taste of Shakespeare (1997) as Prince of Morocco / Tubal / Duke of Venice Earth: Final Conflict (1998) as Frank Rice The Long Island Incident (1998, TV Movie) as Colin Ferguson Thanks of a Grateful Nation (1998, TV Movie) as Superintendent Meeker Naked City: Justice with a Bullet (1998, TV Movie) as Donovan Live Through This (2000) as 'Sparky' Big Wolf on Campus (2000) as Male Nurse St. Jacques Radio Active (2001) as Coach Hadress The Killing Yard (2001, TV Movie) as Haywood Burns Tales from the Neverending Story (2001) as Cairon Largo Winch (2001-2002) as Waldo Buzetti Redeemer (2002, TV Movie) Obsessed (2002, TV Movie) as Judge Tyrone Wolf Deacons for Defense (2003, TV Movie) as Archie The Newsroom (2003) as Mr. Taylor The Wool Cap (2004, TV Movie) as Clarence Naked Josh (2004) as Tyrone Charpentier 15/Love (2005) as Mr. White Mind Over Murder (2005, TV Movie) as Julian Hasty Charlie Jade (2005) as Karl Lubinsky Proof of Lies (2006, TV Movie) as Robert Hunter The Rival (2006, TV Movie) as Detective Martin Superstorm (2007) as Murray Michaels Durham County (2007) as Ranjit Christie's Revenge (2007, TV Movie) as Detective Hogue The Dead Zone (2007) as Orderley Dewey Morris The Love of Her Life (2008, TV Movie) as Officer Kingman Sophie (2008) as Mr. Byrd The Christmas Choir (2008, TV Movie) as Bob Final Verdict (2009, TV Movie) as Detective Lewis My Nanny's Secret (2009, TV Movie) as Detective Drabant Summer Villa (2016, TV Movie) as Dominic Barone Jupiter's Legacy (2021) as Willie Small Debris (2021) as George Jones Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol (2021) as Warren Bellamy Animation Ace Ventura: Pet Detective – Additional Voices Anatole Animal Crackers Bad Dog – Judge Bigly Belphegor – Additional Voices Birdz – Additional Voices Diabolik Dog's World Dragon Hunters Flash Gordon – Kobalt Flight Squad Freaky Stories Ivanhoe Jim Button – Additional Voices Kassai and Leuk – Additional Voices Malo Korrigan – Additional Voices Manivald - Moose A Miss Mallard Mystery – Additional Voices Patrol 03 (1997) The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures (1997-1999) (uncredited) Mythic Warriors: Guardians of the Legend (1998-1999) as Elpenor Tripping the Rift (2004) The Legend of Sarila (2003) as Itak (English version) Ned's Newt The Neverending Story Ocean Tales Pet Pals Pig City Princess Sissi – Joseph, Dania Rescue Heroes – Additional Voices Ripley's Believe It or Not! – Roger Glapion Silver Surfer Superplants – Narrator The Tofus – Additional Voices X-Chromosome – Additional Voices X-DuckX – Additional Voices Video games Jagged Alliance (1994) Jagged Alliance: Deadly Games (1996) Jagged Alliance 2 (1999) Wizardry 8 (2001) Evolution Worlds (2002) as Federico / Infantryman #4 Rainbow Six: Vegas (2006) Far Cry 2 (2008) Splinter Cell (2010) as Lucias Gaillard Splinter Cell: Conviction (2010) as Lucious Galliard References External links 1958 births English emigrants to Canada English male television actors English male film actors English male voice actors English male stage actors Canadian male television actors Canadian male film actors Canadian male voice actors Canadian male stage actors Black British male actors Black Canadian male actors Male actors from Bristol Male actors from Montreal New Democratic Party MPs Politicians from Montreal Canadian actor-politicians Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec Black Canadian politicians Anglophone Quebec people People from Le Sud-Ouest Living people Canadian people of African-American descent 21st-century Canadian politicians Canadian artistic directors
Hardcore Breakout USA is an internationally distributed compilation album mostly of artists that are on New Red Archives records. It was originally released in 1990 as a double LP and cassette, but was then subsequently also released as a CD. The album was compiled by New Red Archives. The New Red Archives 1990 pressing of the album was issued as a single LP. The Japanese version Snowboard Addiction - Fun Ride, was released in 1994 and a second edition, Hardcore Breakout USA Volume 2, was compiled and released, in 1995. Track listing Hardcore Breakout USA Part 1 "Jolt" - Ultraman 1:58 "Rich" - Jawbreaker 2:58 "Indigestion" - Samiam 2:41 "Stand Up And Fight" - Bedlam Hour 1:50 "Shave Clean" - Crucial Youth 0:53 "Full On" - Hogan's Heroes 1:24 "New Queen" - Samiam 2:23 "Those Who Curse" - Crucial Youth 1:19 "Zombies" - Kraut 1:55 "You Popped My Life" - G Whizz 2:37 "Threat Of Power" - Dirge 2:06 "Its About Time" - Agitators 1:40 Part 2 "Turn To Ice" - Ultraman 2:14 "Home Sweet Home" - Samiam 1:53 "Unemployed" - Kraut 2:17 "Positive Dental Outlook" - Crucial Youth 0:51 "Megalopolis" - UK Subs 1:55 "Breaking Your Rules" - Hogan's Heroes 3:59 "Underground" - Samiam 3:40 "Sabre Dance" - UK Subs 3:13 "Reagan Youth" - Reagan Youth 1:19 "Last Will" - Hogan's Heroes 1:49 "Juvenile Justice" - Kraut 2:17 "Frog Song" - P.E.D. 0:49 New Red Archives "Turn To Ice" - Ultraman 2:14 "Home Sweet Home" - Samiam 1:53 "Unemployed" - Kraut 2:17 "Positive Dental Outlook" - Crucial Youth 0:51 "Megalopolis" - UK Subs 1:55 "Breaking Your Rules" - Hogan's Heroes 3:59 "Underground" - Samiam 3:40 "Sabre Dance" - UK Subs 3:13 "Reagan Youth" - Reagan Youth 1:19 "Last Will" - Hogan's Heroes 1:49 "Juvenile Justice" - Kraut 2:17 "Frog Song" - P.E.D. 0:49 Reception Maximum RockNRolls founder Tim Yohannan said of Hardcore Breakout USA "...current Top 15 list" Maximum RockNRoll'''s Walter Glaser said of Hardcore Breakout USA "...current Top 15 list"Maximum RockNRolls Martin Sprouse said of Hardcore Breakout USA'' "...current Top 15 list" Uncredited George Barberio - album and CD covers Noah Uman - front cover photography References 1990 compilation albums Record label compilation albums Hardcore punk compilation albums New Red Archives compilation albums Punk rock compilation albums 1990 albums New Red Archives albums Metalcore compilation albums
```go package client import ( "io" "net/http" "net/url" "golang.org/x/net/context" "github.com/docker/distribution/reference" "github.com/docker/docker/api/types" ) // ImagePull requests the docker host to pull an image from a remote registry. // It executes the privileged function if the operation is unauthorized // and it tries one more time. // It's up to the caller to handle the io.ReadCloser and close it properly. // // FIXME(vdemeester): there is currently used in a few way in docker/docker // - if not in trusted content, ref is used to pass the whole reference, and tag is empty // - if in trusted content, ref is used to pass the reference name, and tag for the digest func (cli *Client) ImagePull(ctx context.Context, refStr string, options types.ImagePullOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) { ref, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(refStr) if err != nil { return nil, err } query := url.Values{} query.Set("fromImage", reference.FamiliarName(ref)) if !options.All { query.Set("tag", getAPITagFromNamedRef(ref)) } resp, err := cli.tryImageCreate(ctx, query, options.RegistryAuth) if resp.statusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && options.PrivilegeFunc != nil { newAuthHeader, privilegeErr := options.PrivilegeFunc() if privilegeErr != nil { return nil, privilegeErr } resp, err = cli.tryImageCreate(ctx, query, newAuthHeader) } if err != nil { return nil, err } return resp.body, nil } // getAPITagFromNamedRef returns a tag from the specified reference. // This function is necessary as long as the docker "server" api expects // digests to be sent as tags and makes a distinction between the name // and tag/digest part of a reference. func getAPITagFromNamedRef(ref reference.Named) string { if digested, ok := ref.(reference.Digested); ok { return digested.Digest().String() } ref = reference.TagNameOnly(ref) if tagged, ok := ref.(reference.Tagged); ok { return tagged.Tag() } return "" } ```
Dennis Looze (born 30 July 1972 in Zaandam) is an athlete from the Netherlands, who competes in triathlon. He is married to Tracy Looze. Looze competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took forty-eighth place with a total time of 2:00:23.80. He was the last to finish, though still ranked higher than the four competitors who did not complete the course. References sports-reference 1972 births Living people Dutch male triathletes Duathletes Triathletes at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic triathletes for the Netherlands Sportspeople from Zaanstad 20th-century Dutch people 21st-century Dutch people
Wanapan or Arapahtë pata is a Tiriyó village in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. It was established at the bottom of the Wonotobo Falls in 1998 by captain Arapahtë. Name Wanapan is the Tiriyó-language name for Clusia plants, which are found abundantly in the area. Arapahtë is the name of the captain of the village. History Since the arrival of missionaries to the Surinamese interior in the 1950s, the Tiriyó have increasingly moved to larger population centres close to airfields, such as Alalapadu and Kwamalasamutu. While this facilitated the work of the missionaries and the Surinamese government, it also meant that soils and hunting areas were over-extracted. After Asongo Alalaparu was installed as granman of the Tiriyó in 1997, he motivated his people to disperse again. Wanapan was subsequently founded in 1998 by captain Arapahtë. Partly as a result of the dispersal of the Tiriyó away from Kwamalasamutu, Tiriyó sub-identities that were thought to have disappeared re-emerged again. Hence, the inhabitants of Wanapan identify themselves as Aramayana or "bee people". Wanapan lies in a very isolated location in Suriname. The nearest school and clinic are located in Apoera, which lies about one day travelling downstream by motorized canoe. In order to be able to send their children to school, the villagers of Wanapan founded the village of Sandlanding close to Apoera. Notes References Indigenous villages in Suriname Populated places in Sipaliwini District
The Willow Prairie Cabin is a rustic one-room cabin located in the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest in western Oregon, United States. It was built by a road construction crew in 1924. When the road was finished the United States Forest Service began using it to house fire crews assigned to patrol the surrounding National Forest. The Forest Service now rents the cabin to recreational visitors. The Willow Prairie Cabin is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. History The Willow Prairie Cabin was built in 1924 by a Forest Service road crew that was constructing a highway from Butte Falls to Fish Lake. Because the forest roads were not well developed, it was impractical for workers to make a daily round-trip from Butte Falls to the remote Willow Prairie construction site. To facilitate work at the sites, the road crew used the Willow Prairie Cabin as their base-camp from 1924 until the highway was finished in 1926. When the road was completed, the Forest Service began using the cabin as a barracks to house fire crews assigned to patrol the Willow Prairie area. In the 1950s, the Forest Service built the Willow Prairie Campground adjacent to the cabin. In the early 1990s, the Forest Service built 19 miles of interconnecting horse trails in the Willow Prairie area. In 1991, the Willow Prairie Campground was converted into a horse camp and the cabin was opened to the public as a rental unit. The simple log structure is an excellent example of an early Forest Service wilderness crew cabin. Because of the cabin's rustic architecture and its unique historic value as an early Forest Service guard station, the Willow Prairie Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Structure The Willow Prairie Cabin is located in a remote area of the Butte Falls Ranger District in the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. It sits on the western slope of the Cascade Mountains, at about elevation. The cabin is surrounded by a mature conifer forest just southwest of Mount McLoughlin. It is adjacent to Willow Prairie meadow, a large high country wetland with several beaver ponds. The Willow Prairie Cabin is a one-room log structure with a wooden shake roof. There are two shutter-style windows without glass. Heat is provided by a wood-burning stove. The cabin's rustic furnishings include a table and chairs along with two simple sleeping cots. The cabin has built-in counter-space for preparing meals and places to hang lanterns. However, visitors must bring their own lanterns or lights as well as a portable camp stove, cookware, utensils, and bedding. The Willow Prairie Cabin has a maximum capacity is four people, and is available to rent throughout the year. The $15 per night rental fee is used to preserve and maintain the cabin. There is a picnic table and a rock fire-ring outside the cabin. Firewood is usually available at the site; however, visitors are encouraged to bring firewood or an alternate heating source just in case the wood bin is empty. A vault-toilet is located near the cabin. During the summer, potable water is available from a hand pump approximately 400 feet from the cabin. Recreation There are over nineteen miles of horse trails in the forest surrounding Willow Prairie Cabin. As a result, horseback riding is the reason many visitors come to Willow Prairie. The cabin is adjacent to the Willow Prairie campground and horse camp. The campground has ten campsites each with a picnic table and fire pit along with four 12-foot by 12-foot corrals. The campground has two vault toilets. There is also potable water from a hand-pumped well plus two troughs for watering horses. To protect the Willow Prairie meadow, riders are required to stay on marked trails, and horses must be kept in a corral when not being ridden. The Forest Service provides a trailer for manure, which must be cleared from camp corrals before departure. In addition to horseback riding, visitor can enjoy camping or hunting in season. Bird watching is also a popular summer pastime. Among the bird common to Willow Prairie meadow and the surrounding forest are sandhill cranes, great blue herons, Canada geese, red-tailed hawks, and a wide variety of ducks. Deer and elk are also common near the meadow. During the winter, the area offers the opportunity for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling. Access Willow Prairie Cabin is located southeast of Butte Falls, Oregon and east of Medford, Oregon. It is accessible via County Road 821 (the Butte Falls-Fish Lake Highway) to Forest Service Road 3738 and Forest Road 3735. References External links Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest Pacific Northwest National Forest Recreation Rentals Butte Falls Ranger District National Register of Historic Places in Jackson County, Oregon Buildings and structures completed in 1924 Butte Falls, Oregon Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest Buildings and structures in Jackson County, Oregon 1924 establishments in Oregon
This is a list of earthquakes in 1953. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. This was a fairly active year. There were no great quakes above magnitude 8.0+ as experienced in previous years. Magnitude 7.0+ quakes numbered 11 in all. Japan led the way in magnitude terms. Other large quakes struck Chile, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Turkey. The quakes with the most human casualties were in Turkey, Iran and Greece with the vast majority of the death toll coming from these events. Overall By death toll Note: At least 10 casualties By magnitude Note: At least 7.0 magnitude Notable events January February March April May June July August September October November December References 1953 1953
The women's singles competition at the 2017 FIL European Luge Championships was held on 6 January 2017. Competition schedule All times are local (UTC+1). Results Two runs in one day, were used to determine the winner. References Men
Dmitry Vasilyevich Dashkov (January 5, 1789 – December 8, 1839) was a Russian statesman and writer. For the last ten years of his life, he headed the Ministry of Justice as minister. He was a founder of the Arzamas literary society. Early life Dashkov was the son of the Ryazan landowner Vasily Andreyevich Dashkov (1749–1802), leader of the nobility of the Spassky district. He was educated at home before joining Moscow State University, where he earned two silver medals and was commemorated with his name in gold letters on a marble plaque. Political career In October 1801, he joined the Moscow archive of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he became friends with Dmitry Bludov. In 1810, when Ivan Dmitriev was appointed the Minister of Justice, Dashkov went to serve in the ministry, in Saint Petersburg. On July 14, 1818, during the ministry of Count Kapodistrias and with the rank of State Councillor, he was appointed the second adviser to the Russian embassy in Constantinople. Recalled on January 3, 1820, from his post at the embassy, Dashkov, on behalf of the minister, engaged in reviewing the Russian consulates in the Levant. In 1822, he was appointed manager of the Constantinople mission; and the following year he was appointed a member of the Council of the Drafting Law Commission, while continuing his position in the department of the Foreign Collegium. The accession of Nicholas I of Russia to the throne brought about Dashkov's rapid rise, partly due to Dashkov's friendship with Bludov. At the end of 1826, Dashkov received the title of Secretary of State and was appointed assistant minister of the interior. In 1826 and 1835, he served on commissions looking into the peasant question. At the initiative of Dashkov, the composition of the Senate office was improved, the clerical work in the Senate was subject to certain rules, which improved the reporting of cases and rules for the Senate. In 1828, he received the Order of Saint Anna 1st class and was appointed to service with Nicholas I at army headquarters during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29. Upon returning from there, on March 26, 1829, he was appointed fellow Minister of Justice and awarded the rank of Privy Councillor. On April 24 of the same year, Dashkov was ordered to take charge of the spiritual affairs of foreign confessions during the absence of State Secretary Bludov, and in the absence of Prince Dolgoruky he took over the Ministry of Justice. He was awarded the Order of the White Eagle. In 1829, he was appointed to a special committee to deal with problems in the aftermath of the recent war with Turkey. The committee, acting on a proposal of foreign minister Karl Nesselrode and Dashov, recommended leniency, which Nicholas I endorsed, opting "for the maintenance of the established order and against unpredictable and fearsome change." On February 2, 1832, he was called to the post of Minister of Justice, while retaining the title of state secretary. In the same year, he was awarded the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky for excellent service. He participated in drafting the first Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, organized an inventory of the affairs of the Moscow Archive. On February 14, 1839, he was promoted to the rank of Active Privy Councillor, appointed member of the State Council, made Chairman of the Department of Laws and Head of the Second Division of His Majesty's Chancellery, with the title of general manager, which was then assigned to all subsequent heads of the Second Division. It is known that, while in the post of Minister of Justice, he once objected to Emperor Nicholas I of Russia that a proposed measure for Nicholas to take supreme command was contrary to existing laws. Literary activity Dashkov's initial literary experiments date to his time at the university hostel and consist of translations from French: in the second book of the "Morning Dawn" of 1803 his idyll is printed: "Traces of the Golden Age", in the third book of 1805 his article appeared: "On Suicide", and in 1804 in the periodical: "And Rest in Favor", he placed an essay entitled: "Sciences, Arts, Scientists, Artists and Universities in Germany". Literary fame is associated with his active participation in the debate about the old and new styles. The article "Analysis of 'Two Articles from La Harpe in the "Flower Garden" of 1810, Nos. 11 and 12, contains an analysis of Shishkov's book: "Translation of Two Articles from La Harpe", published back in 1808. In the book "On the Easiest Way to Object to Criticism" (Saint Petersburg, 1811), he proved that some of the examples cited by Shishkov from old books, as the beauty of the Slavic language, are just a literal translation from Greek. Ivan Dmitriev instructed him to publish Zhukovsky's "Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors", to which Dashkov wrote notes. In 1810, Dashkov was elected a member of the Saint Petersburg Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science, and the Arts and in the organ of society: "Saint Petersburg Herald" published several articles and notes signed with the letter 'D'. In the first part of the Saint Petersburg Bulletin of 1812, an article with a guiding value: "Something About Magazines", then two reviews: one on "The History of Suvorov" by Yegor Fuchs, the other on "Voltaire's Jokes", and finally, an anonymous review to Shishkov's book: "Adding to Conversations About Literature, or Objections to Objections Made to This Book". In 1812, he was expelled from the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science, and the Arts, where at one time he was chairman. This was due to the admission to the Society of Count Khvostov, to which Dashkov objected but was forced to obey the majority. At Khostov's initiation, Dashkov greeted him with a speech in which he ironically extolled his creations with the term "Conversations". The next day, Khvostov invited Dashkov to dinner and made him understand that he understood the mockery, but was not angry. Others from the "Society", however, considered that Dashkov had insulted a member of the company and was subject to exclusion based on the charter. In 1813, Dashkov, on behalf of Ivan Dmitriev, published "The Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors", with the publisher's notes signed by the initials D. D.. In 1820, he also published a pamphlet by Sergey Uvarov and Konstantin Batyushkov: "On Greek Anthology". In addition, Dashkov prepared a translation of some of Herder's works in the manuscript and intended it for a Russian-German literary collection entitled Aonids, the publication of which Zhukovsky intended to begin in 1817 or 1818. With almost all members of the society of "Arzamas geese" Dashkov, "Chu", was briefly familiar with many of them who conducted active friendly correspondence and was a recognized authority in the field of literary and artistic criticism. In 1814, Vasily Pushkin dedicated a poem to Dashkov: "My Dear Friend in a Country Where the Volga Flows Along with the River Banks...". Together with Dmitry Bludov and Vasily Zhukovsky, Dashkov was the founder and one of the most active members of the Arzamas literary society and was nicknamed "Chu" here. In 1815, he was one of the worst persecutors of Prince Shakhovskoy, who in his comedy: "A Lesson in Coquette or Lipetsk Waters" ridiculed Zhukovsky, introducing the poet Fialkin in comedy. In the "Son of the Fatherland" of 1815 (Part 25, No. 42, Pages 140–148), Dashkov printed: "Letter to the Newest Aristophanes", in which he exposed Prince Shakhovsky as an intriguer, envious and guilty of Ozerov's death, then composed a cantata against Shakhovsky, which was sung choir by all Arzamasers. This cantata was published by Pimen Arapov in the Annals of the Russian Theater (pages 241–242), and extracts from it were put in the 1875 Russian Archive (Book III, page 358). In 1816, at the meeting of Arzamas on the occasion of the election of Vasily Pushkin as his member, Dashkov made a speech directed generally against Shishkov's "Conversations of Lovers of the Russian Word" and in particular against Prince Shakhovsky. This speech was published in the Russian Archive of 1876 (Book I, pages 65–66). During his four-year stay in Constantinople at the Russian embassy and then, while traveling in Greece, having thoroughly studied the Greek language and familiarizing himself with Greek poetry, Dashkov diligently searched for ancient manuscripts in various book depositories, and repeatedly tried to acquaint himself with the treasures of the Topkapi Palace library (the Seraglio Library). The result of his passion for Greek poetry and the search for manuscripts was a series of prose articles he wrote, as well as a number of poetic translations from Greek anthologies. In Northern Flowers there were articles by Dashkov: "Mount Athos. Excerpt from a Trip to Greece in 1820" (1825, Pages 119–161), "The News of Greek and Latin Manuscripts in the Seraglio Library" (1825, Pages 162–165), "Russian Fans in Jerusalem. Excerpt from a Trip to Greece and Palestine in 1820" (1826, Pages 214–283), "A Few More Words About the Seraglio Library" (1826, Pages 283–296). The last article is Dashkov's response to the comments of the Bologna General Bulletin, which doubted the reliability of Dashkov's published writings about the Seraglio Library. In the same Northern Flowers (1825, Pages 305–312), Dashkov's translations were published in verses under the title: "Flowers Selected from Greek Apeology", then poetic translations from Greek under the same title were published in the Polar Star in 1825 (Pages 278–286) and in the Moscow Telegraph of 1828 (Volume XIX, No. 1, Page 46), in the last journal without any signature. In 1838, at the suggestion of Alexander Shishkov, Dashkov was elected a member of the Russian Academy. Family Dashkov's wife (from May 30, 1830) was Elizaveta Vasilyevna Pashkova (1809–1890), daughter of the wealthy miner Vasily Pashkov. According to a contemporary, Madame Dashkova was a typical high-ranking woman: beautiful, domineering, of direct character, and of a lively, serious mind. In 1835, the Dashkov couple became owners of the Blagoveshchensk Smelter near Ufa. The marriage resulted in four children: Anna (August 16, 1831 – March 23, 1858), was baptized on August 21, 1831, in the Simeonovskaya Church in the presence of the cousin of Prince Alexander Vasilchikov and grandmother Elizabeth Pashkova; maid of honor of the court, married (since September 22, 1853) to the fligel-adjutant of Nicholas I Count Adam Rzhevusky (1801–1888), later general-adjutant. She died during the birth of her daughter Catherine. Vasily (1832 – March 28, 1838), who died of brain inflammation. Dmitry (1833–1901), the leader of the nobility of the Spassky district of the Ryazan Governorate, writer. According to a contemporary, he was an extremely intelligent and educated person, a typical 1860s intelligentsia, a convinced liberal Zemstvo activist, who had been fighting in Ryazan with Count Dmitry Tolstoy for his whole time because of the Zemstvo teacher's seminary and other issues that worried the Zemstvo in those days. Andrei (1834–1904), chairman of the Ufa Zemsky Council. Death In 1839, he died of Tabes dorsalis in Saint Petersburg and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. References Sources Dashkov, Dmitry Vasilievich // Russian Biographical Dictionary: in 25 Volumes – Saint Petersburg – Moscow, 1896–1918 Dashkov, Dmitry Vasilievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907 External links Dashkov, Dmitry Vasilievich in the Big Biographical Encyclopedia Profile of Dmitry Vasilyevich Dashkov on the Official Website of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1789 births 1839 deaths Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia) Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Members of the Russian Academy Members of the State Council (Russian Empire) Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire Nobility from the Russian Empire 19th-century politicians from the Russian Empire
P. Scott Lipps is an American politician who has served in the Ohio House of Representatives since 2017, where he represents the 55th district. He is a Republican. The district consists of Franklin and Springboro as well as the eastern and southern townships of Warren County. Life and career Lipps was born in Miamisburg, Ohio, graduating from Miamisburg High School before attending the College of Wooster and DePaul University for his masters. A small businessman, Lipps opened Sleep Tite Mattress Factory & Showeroom, in Franklin, in 1990. In 2000, Lipps was elected to the Franklin City Council, where he would serve for sixteen years, including two terms as Mayor of Franklin. He is also involved in several philanthropic and local organizations, including the Masons, Rotary, and Chamber of Commerce. Ohio House of Representatives After serving in the local office for over sixteen years, Lipps decided to seek an open seat in the Ohio House of Representatives in 2016. The seat became vacant when Representative Ron Maag was term-limited after four terms. However, he had a competitive Republican primary, winning by just 398 votes over Steve Muterspaw. In a safely Republican district, Lipps won the 2016 general election over Democrat Samuel Ronan 79% to 21%. In a safely Republican district, Lipps won the 2018 general election over Democrat Jim Stanton 74% to 26% References External links Ohio State Representative Scott Lipps official site campaign site Living people College of Wooster alumni DePaul University alumni Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives People from Miamisburg, Ohio 21st-century American politicians Year of birth missing (living people)
Pain Ab () may refer to: Pain Ab-e Olya Pain Ab-e Sofla Sharqi
Hákon Arnar Haraldsson (born 10 April 2003) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French Ligue 1 club Lille and the Iceland national team. Club career Hákon Arnar is a youth academy graduate of Icelandic club ÍA. He made his senior debut for the club on 26 February 2019 in a 6–0 league cup win against Stjarnan. In June 2019, Hákon Arnar joined youth academy of Danish club Copenhagen. On 21 May 2021, club announced that he have signed a new contract with the club until June 2026. He made his senior debut for the club on 29 July 2021 in a 5–0 UEFA Europa Conference League qualifying round win against Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino. On 17 July 2023, Haraldsson signed for French Ligue 1 club Lille, on a five-year contract running until 30 June 2028. The financial details of the transfer include an initial and base fee of €12 million and a maximum of €5 million add-ons depending on sporting conditions. International career Hákon Arnar is a current Icelandic youth national team player. On 2 September 2021, he scored twice in his team's 2–1 win over Belarus in 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification stage. Hákon Arnar made his Iceland senior team debut on 2 June 2022 in a 2–2 draw against Israel. Personal life Hákon Arnar was born into a family of footballers. His parents Haraldur Ingólfsson and Jónína Víglundsdóttir are former national team players. His brothers Tryggvi Hrafn and Haukur Andri are also professional footballers. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Iceland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hákon Arnar goal. Honours Copenhagen Danish Superliga: 2021–22; 2022–23 Danish Cup: 2022–23 International Baltic Cup: 2022 Individual Icelandic Men's Footballer of the Year: 2022 References External links Copenhagen profile 2003 births Living people Men's association football midfielders Icelandic men's footballers Iceland men's youth international footballers Iceland men's under-21 international footballers Danish Superliga players Ligue 1 players F.C. Copenhagen players Lille OSC players Íþróttabandalag Akraness players Icelandic expatriate men's footballers Icelandic expatriate sportspeople in Denmark Icelandic expatriate sportspeople in France Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark Expatriate men's footballers in France
Anna Valeryevna Skroznikova (Russian: Анна Валерьевна Скрозникова; born on 2 October 1995), is a Russian politician who is currently a member of the State Duma, since 13 March 2013. Biography Anna Skroznikova was born on 2 October 1995 in Chebarkul, Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 2017, she graduated from the Chelyabinsk State University with a degree in linguistics, after the university she worked as a teacher. After the formation of the New People political party in 2020, she became a member of the party. In 2021, she became a candidate for the elections to the State Duma of the VIII convocation from the Chelyabinsk region. At the time of the nomination, she held the position of the head of the structural unit of the children's health-improving complex "Uralskaya Beryozka", owned by PJSC "Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works". She was nominated in the federal district (under the fourth number as part of the regional group No. 35) and in the Metallurgical single-mandate constituency No. 190. She did not enter the State Duma: she took 4th place out of 9 (6.67%) in a single-mandate district, and did not receive a deputy mandate based on the results of the distribution of seats in the federal district. After losing the elections to the State Duma of the VIII convocation, she moved to Yaroslavl. On 29 March 2023, Skroznikova became a member of parliament, a deputy of the State Duma. She received the vacant deputy mandate of Maksim Gulin, who resigned ahead of schedule in connection with the transition to work in the Russian Movement of Children and Youth. References 1995 births Living people 21st-century Russian women politicians Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
The Logan Furnace Mansion is an historic, American home that is located in Spring Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. History and architectural features This historic structure is an "L"-shaped building, consisting of a -story, five-bay stone main house, with a two-story, stone kitchen ell. The ell was the original home and was built between 1798 and 1800. The main house was built in 1818. The house and iron furnace were built by John Dunlop (Bellefonte iron master). By 1826, the furnace was capable of producing 1,200 tons of pig iron per year. The stone house, a few large mill stones, and an iron workers house are still visible. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. References Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Houses completed in 1818 Houses in Centre County, Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Centre County, Pennsylvania
George Allman (23 July 1930 – September 2016) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He made appearances in the Football League for Stockport County and Chester. Playing career Allman began his career with his home club of Stockport County, whom he joined in 1950. After two years at Edgeley Park, he moved to Holywell Town before returning to the professional ranks with Chester in the summer of 1955. He spent two years at Seaman Road but was one of several departures at the end of 1956–57, along with players such as Jack Haines, Bernard Hackett and Jim Collins. He moved to Ashton United and later played for Mossley. Bibliography References 1930 births Footballers from Stockport 2016 deaths English men's footballers Men's association football forwards Stockport County F.C. players Holywell Town F.C. players Chester City F.C. players Ashton United F.C. players Mossley A.F.C. players English Football League players
David Banks (born 28 November 1975) is a former English cricketer. Banks was a right-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper. He was born at Southampton in 1975. Banks made his List-A debut for the Hampshire Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy against the Suffolk. Banks played in five List-A matches for the Hampshire Cricket Board, the last of which came in the 1st round of 2003 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. References 1975 births Living people Cricketers from Southampton English cricketers Hampshire Cricket Board cricketers
The Ministry of Justice () was the justice ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). It also served as the Ministry of Religions (). It was established in 1879 as part of a reorganisation of the empire's legal system. Non-Muslim ecclesiastical authorities relied on the ministry. The ministry took control of the commercial courts and commercial appeal courts from the Ministry of Commerce. Ioannis Vithynos served in the justice ministry as the director of criminal investigations. Ministry of Justice (Turkey) currently governs affairs in Turkey. References Ottoman Empire Justice 1879 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War is an international, English-language online encyclopedia of the First World War. Deemed the largest research network of its kind, it officially went online on 8 October 2014. The editorial office is staffed by historians and uses Semantic MediaWiki. The Freie Universität Berlin (FU Berlin) and the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) in Munich initiated the online academic reference work in the run-up to the centenary commemorations of the Great War. The project has since gained the support of several international partners, including the German Historical Institutes in London, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Warsaw as well as the Orient-Institut Istanbul (Oriental Institute in Istanbul). It has furthermore acquired eight-figure funds from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation), funding which was extended in 2016 by an “Open Encyclopedia System” follow-up grant. The project leaders are Oliver Janz, professor of modern history at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut (FMI), Nicolas Apostolopoulos, director of the Center for Digital Systems (CeDiS), both at the Freie Universität Berlin, and Gregor Horstkemper from the Zentrum für Elektronisches Publizieren - ZEP (Center for Electronic Publication) at the Bavarian State Library. 1914-1918-online intends to provide the most recent global research on the First World War to the academic community and the public through a multi-perspective, open-access approach. Up to 1,000 experts from over fifty different countries will be working or have worked on this ongoing project. With a goal of approximately 1,500 entries, all content is published using the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 3.0. The fully citable, Digital Object Identifier (DOI) equipped texts have been peer-reviewed (double blind) and enriched with images, maps and other related content. The encyclopedia is divided thematically and regionally, and all sections are easily accessible via search and navigation options (filter, register, timeline). Links and interfaces connect 1914-1918-online to other databases as well as information systems such as Europeana 1914-1918, CENDARI, WorldCat and Zotero. The editorial board is composed of seven General Editors (Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer and Bill Nasson), several Section Editors, and numerous external reviewers, a total of roughly 100 persons. The Editorial Advisory Board includes Annette Becker, Jürgen Danyel, Josef Ehmer, Gudrun Gersmann, Antonio Gibelli, Gerhard Hirschfeld, John Horne, Jürgen Kocka, Gerd Krumeich, Jürgen Osterhammel, Hew Strachan, Jay Winter and Erik-Jan Zürcher. The project made the American Library Association's 2015 “Annual List of Best Historical Materials” and received the second prize at the 2015 Berlin Digital Humanities Awards. References External links 1914-1918-Online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War 1914-1918-online research project at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut of the Freie Universität Berlin German online encyclopedias Internet properties established in 2014 Works about World War I Encyclopedias of history
Woodford is a large village and civil parish located in North Northamptonshire, England. At the time of the 2011 census, the parish's population (including Woodwell) was 1,461 people. The village's name means 'wooded ford', referring to woodland near a shallow fording place on the River Nene. It is in two distinct parts, the easterly, lower, part being alongside the River Nene and the westerly, upper, part is on the through road out of the Nene valley. Its parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin and has the nickname "the Cathedral of the Nene". Inside the church can be found a number of curiosities. Within a niche cut into a pillar, there is a mummified human heart wrapped in coarse cloth. This was discovered during restoration work in 1867. A framed newspaper cutting depicts a photograph of an alleged ghost taken in the church in 1964. A further display shows reproductions of photographs and newspapers from a time capsule concealed in the roof by the Reverend Smythe during the 1867 repair works, and rediscovered during further repairs in 1995. An unusual carving (particularly for places of Christian worship) can be found at the top of one of the pillars to the rear of the nave, depicting a Green Man, with vines growing out of the mouth. Finally, the combination of rounded and pointed arches in the nave indicate different periods of reconstruction in the Norman and Gothic styles respectively. Woodford House, an early 19th-century mansion, was the home of the Arbuthnot family and scene of the death of the diarist Harriet Arbuthnot in 1833. The property was purchased in 1880 by Charles Henry Plevins from Arthur Arbuthnot, son of General Charles Arbuthnot. The house was altered between 1899 and 1910 and had a new garden created in 1909. The Arbuthnots owned iron ore quarries on the estate which were dug from circa 1851, an early date for what was later to become a large industry in Northamptonshire. The Arbuthnot's quarry appears to have been short-lived but a sample of the ore was exhibited at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. There was a further experiment in commercial quarrying from about 1860 and again in 1866. The early attempts suffered from a lack of transport facilities and the ore must have been taken away by horse and cart but in 1866 the Kettering to Thrapston railway opened and a connecting tramway was constructed from close to Woodford House to the railway at Twywell. The quarrying (and some adit mining) lasted from 1866 to 1886, starting near Woodford Lodge and extending north of the road later on. There were also quarries south west of Twywell Station on the north side of the road between 1881 and 1883. There was also a brickworks near there. The main tramway (standard gauge) had steam locomotives from the start but some of the quarries were connected to it by narrow gauge lines and these were worked by hand or by horse until 1883. There were some visible remains of the quarries and buildings at least until 1986. Part of the ground north of the road near Woodford Lodge was reworked between 1914 and 1926 when quarries in Twywell Parish were extended. The ground here was landscaped and returned to cultivation in 1965. These quarries were to the west of Woodford village. Another quarry to the north of the village operated from 1867 but was closed by 1892. This quarry was connected to a tipping dock on the railway east of Twywell Station by a horse operated 4 foot gauge tramway. No landscaping was undertaken until 1970 and there were still some traces of the quarry as at 1986 Heritage assets The following buildings and structures are listed by Historic England as of special architectural or historic interest. Three Hills Round Barrows (Scheduled) Bronze Age Bowl Barrow north of Woodford Mill (Scheduled) Bronze Age Remains of Manor House and Garden (Scheduled) Unknown date Medieval settlement remains (Scheduled) 9th century Church of St Mary (Grade I) from 12th century onwards Glebe Farmhouse (Grade I) 13th century Wall with Finial south of Church of St Mary (Grade II) 14th century Dovecote south of Manor Farmhouse (Grade II) 17th century Manor House Farmhouse (Grade II*) 17th century Woodford Rise (Grade II) 17th century with additions of the early 19th century and 1930s 50, 52 and 54 High Street (Grade II) 17th century 84 High Street (Grade II) 17th century Daventry Farmhouse and attached Outbuilding (Grade II) 17th century Cheyham Cottage (Grade II) 17th century Club Lane (Grade II) 18th century Woodford Mill (Grade II) 18th century 82 and Part of Number 84 over Carriage Arch (Grade II) 18th century Woodford House, attached Cottages and Outbuildings (Grade II) 18th century Olde Ways (Grade II) 18th century Chest Tomb south of Church of St Mary (Grade II) 18th century The Rectory (Grade II) 19th century (1820) 72 and 74 High Street (Grade II) 19th century The Round House and attached Barn (Grade II) 19th century 70 High Street (Grade II) 19th century War Memorial at Church of St Mary (Grade II) 20th century War Memorial on The Green (Grade II) 20th century St Mary's Church was begun in the 12th century and has 13th,14th and 19th century features. The tower was complete by 1400. The Manor House, although a 16th-century house has buttresses and a doorway of the 13th or early 14th century. The Round House is dated 1815 and commemorates the Battle of Waterloo Woodford House was enlarged between 1813 and 1826 and in 1902. Demography In 1801 there were 491 inhabitants In 1831 there were 639 inhabitants In 1841 there were 680 inhabitants In 2011 there were 1,461 inhabitants Notes References Northamptonshire County Council, Record office retrieved 9 May 2007. The History of Ironstone Mining around Burton Latimer retrieved 9 May 2007 External links Sargents FC Est 1994, a football team who play their home games in Woodford and are currently in Division One of the Rushden & District Sunday League. Comprehensive village website Villages in Northamptonshire Civil parishes in Northamptonshire North Northamptonshire
is a private university in the Kichijōji area of the city of Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. Its name derives from a passage in the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. Its campus is noted for its rows of zelkova trees, which is listed as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan. Overview The university was established by charter in 1949. Its predecessor dates back to 1906 and was supported by Koyata Iwasaki, the fourth head of the Mitsubishi zaibatsu. Before World War II, this university was managed by donations from Mitsubishi Group. After World War II, it became independent from Mitsubishi Group through dissolution of the zaibatsu. However, Seikei University still has close connections with the Mitsubishi Group. This university has many graduates from families of noble or business backgrounds. The university is one of the Tokyo Four Universities (Seikei, Musashi, Seijo, Gakushuin). Organization Faculties Faculty of Economics Faculty of Law Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate schools Graduate School of Economics Graduate School of Business Graduate School of Law and Political Science Graduate School of Humanities Graduate School of Science and Technology Law School Research institutes Center for Asian and Pacific Studies Academic rankings Alumni rankings École des Mines de Paris ranks Seikei University as 89th in the world in 2009 (89th in 2008) in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. (The university is also ranked 9th in Japan.) Attached school Seikei high school (senior high school) Seikei high school has an exchange study program with St. Paul's School and Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and Cowra High School in New South Wales, Australia. And there is a study abroad program with Choate Rosemary Hall, Pembroke College, Cambridge and University of California, Davis. Seikei junior high school Seikei elementary school Notable alumni Shinzō Abe, former Prime Minister of Japan (2006-2007, 2012–2020), former President of Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Keiji Furuya, Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Shunpei Tsukahara, Japanese politician Mamoru Takano, Japanese politician of the Democratic Party Takao Sato, Japanese politician Izumi Kobayashi, Secretary of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Yasuyuki Yoshinaga, President of Fuji Heavy Industries Takashi Kusama, President of Mizuho Securities Susumu Shirayama, President of Seibu Railway Toshio Mita, Chairman of Chubu Electric Power Masahiro Ouga, President of Shogakukan Shiro Kikuchi, President of Asahi Soft Drinks Natsuo Kirino, novelist (Naoki Prize winner) Ira Ishida, novelist (Naoki Prize winner) Mariko Koike, novelist (Naoki Prize winner) Yuichi Takai, novelist (Akutagawa Prize winner) Aya Takashima, TV announcer Kiichi Nakai, actor Shingo Tsurumi, actor Kei Yamamoto, actor Luke Takamura, musician and songwriter Tadashi Nakamura, football player Hiroshi Kazato, racecar driver Maria Kamiyama, 2011 Miss Universe Japan Kwon Ri-se, 2009 Miss Korea contestant and Ladies' Code member Wataru Ishizaka, politician and social worker Study abroad agreement University of Cambridge University of Edinburgh University of Manchester Cardiff University University of Alcalá University of Santiago de Compostela University of Bonn Heidelberg University Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 Dublin City University Griffith University Monash University Murdoch University University of Queensland University of Auckland American University Western Washington University University of Victoria Memorial University of Newfoundland Tongji University Fudan University Peking University Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Shanghai Jiao Tong University East China University of Political Science and Law Korea University Ewha Womans University Chiang Mai University Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation See also Osaka Seikei University, which is a completely different school with no connection to Seikei University. Love Live!, university was used as a setting of Otonokizaka High School References External links Seikei University Seikei University Universities and colleges established in 1906 Seikei University Private universities and colleges in Japan Mitsubishi 1906 establishments in Japan Musashino, Tokyo
Gaol Ferry Bridge is a footbridge in Bristol, England, that crosses the New Cut of the River Avon. It is an ornate steel lattice suspension bridge with timber decking, with a span of nearly . History The bridge opened in 1935, replacing a ferry which crossed the New Cut near the old Bristol prison, known as the New Gaol. Unlike the Vauxhall Bridge downstream, the Gaol Ferry Bridge is a fixed bridge with no provision for the navigation of vessels unable to pass under it. However, by the 1930s, there was little navigation on the New Cut, and Vauxhall Bridge was last swung in 1936. Repairs Repair work on the bridge began in December 2021 with the bridge remaining open. At the time, it was expected that the bridge would close in January 2022 for around three months. On 5 August 2022, it was announced that the bridge would close on 22 August for repair work to take place. The work is expected to take between six and nine months and cost in the region of £1 million. As of February 2023, the repair work has been extended by at least three months, due to the bridge being in worse condition than originally thought. The bridge reopened on 8 September 2023. References Bridges completed in 1935 Pedestrian bridges in England Bridges in Bristol 1935 establishments in England Suspension bridges in the United Kingdom
Implicit Obedience is the debut album by the technical death metal band Desecravity. It was mixed and mastered at Mana Recording Studios by Erik Rutan (Hate Eternal) in June 2011 and was released on January 24 of 2010 on Willowtip Records. Track listing Credits Yuichi Kudo - Drums Yujiro Suzuki - Vocals/Guitar Keisuke Takagi - Guitar Toshihiro Inagaki - Bass 2012 debut albums Desecravity albums
David Herbert Munro (born April 29, 1955 in Oakland, California) is a physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) who created the programming language Yorick as well as the scientific graphics library Gist. Munro earned his BS at Caltech (1976) and PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1980). He joined LLNL in 1980 and has primarily focused his research on laser fusion. He received the Excellence in Plasma Physics award of the American Physical Society in 1995 and was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2001 "For his seminal contributions to the design of laser-driven Rayleigh-Taylor experiments, and to the analysis and design of shock-timing experiments for cryogenic inertial confinement fusion targets". References "David Herbert Munro." Marquis Who's Who TM. Marquis Who's Who, 2009. Fee (via Fairfax County Public Library). Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Michigan.: Gale, 2009. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC. Accessed 2009-10-22. Document Number: K2015715582. External links RPM shipped by David H. Munro -- yorick-1.4-15.i386 (downloadable free software for Linux, listing as of Wednesday, March 29, 2006 16:05:02) 21st-century American physicists 1955 births Living people Scientists from Oakland, California Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni California Institute of Technology alumni Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff Programming language designers Fellows of the American Physical Society
is a Japanese web manga series written and illustrated by . It started publishing in Nico Nico Seiga website in August 2010; five parts have been released, in addition to a parallel series titled Senyu+. A print version was published in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Jump Square from May 2012 to April 2013, with its chapters collected in two . Another series, titled Senyu: Main Quest, was published in two parts in Kodansha's Suiyōbi no Sirius online manga section of Nico Nico Seiga from August 2013 to March 2017, with the overall series collected in nine volumes. A 26-episode anime television series was broadcast for two seasons in 2013. Plot A millennium ago, the Demon King wreaked havoc in the human realm, but was sealed by the legendary Hero Creasion. Closer to the story's present, a large hole appeared in the world, from which a large number of demons emerged. The King has ordered the 75 probable descendants of the original hero to destroy the demons and save the world. The story follows Alba, hero number 45, and his quest to save the world. Along the way, he is accompanied by Royal Soldier Ross, whose somewhat sadistic, antagonistic antics serve as comic relief. Alba quickly teams up with the demon queen herself, who is soon revealed to be a naive, young pink-haired girl who accidentally instigated the demon crisis while making popcorn. The series starts almost exclusively comedic, with episodic gags mainly involving Alba's bad luck and Ross's abuses. A more serialized story develops halfway into the first part, as an order of twelve powerful demons themed after the twelve months of the Gregorian Calendar starts attempting to revive the original Demon King. Simultaneously, other probable hero descendants also interfere, with lesser demons and government officials caught in the crossfire. The world's past and Creasion's origins are explored in the second part, culminating in the supposed defeat of the story's main antagonist, the first Demon King. The third part focuses on the remnants of the twelve demons, especially the strange machinations of one of them, Elf November. The fourth volume explores Elf's past and his complex involvement with existence, concluding Senyu's main storyline. The fifth part serves as an epilogue, elaborating upon the original story and later shifting to a comedic slice of life where the characters adapt to the world after the chaos wrought by the catastrophic events explained in previous parts. The later portion of the fifth part explores some aspects of Elf's past and introduces a new group of antagonists. Characters Alba serves as the main character in the first two parts, though he takes a smaller—albeit significant—role as a side character in the third and fifth parts. Alba is the 45th hero sent out by the King to stop the Demon Lord and travels around with the soldier Ross. Ross usually physically and verbally abuses him, as Alba often acts as the straight man in tsukkomi comedic routines. Ross is the soldier that was sent out with the 45th hero Alba to stop the Demon Lord. He often physically abuses Alba for comedic purposes and the two usually engage in tsukkomi. He possesses extensive knowledge on the nature of the demon crisis—much of which is unknown to his acquaintances—and is one of the most important characters during the whole manga's run. Ruki is the Third Demon Lord. She is several hundred years old, but only became the new Demon Lord ten years ago and therefore identifies as a ten-year-old. While trying to make popcorn, she accidentally released all the monsters onto the human world and is currently traveling around to bring back the twelve great demons. The 23rd hero sent out by the King to stop the Demon Lord. He is initially antagonistic towards the trio, but later proves to be a noble and useful ally. In later chapters, he becomes the head butler of the King's castle, and in volume 3, the first-year teacher of the Hero Academy. One of the twelve demons that Ruki is searching for. Janua has super strength and is obsessed with ninjas, basing his moves and mannerisms around them. Carefree and childish, he is close friends with the comically hypermasculine Samejima, a lower-ranking demon. Janua is not very loyal to the twelve demons and befriends and becomes an ally with the trio roughly halfway through Volume 1. He possesses unique teletransportation abilities with next to no limitations, which makes him key in the plan of the twelve to revive the Demon King. One of the twelve demons that Ruki is searching for. The de facto leader of the 12 demons, he is a fanatic set out to revive the Demon King. To do this, he brought together the 12 demons, each of whom has an ability necessary for his plan (or direct firepower). He serves as the main antagonist of the first part and early second part, and a supporting one in the third part. Another one of the twelve demons that Ruki is searching for. He is mischievous and his motivations are by far the most ambiguous in the series, both helping the heroes and backstabbing them and the other demons on a whim. Later revealed to be immensely powerful and deeply related to the world's past, he is implied to be responsible for most of the events in Senyu's narrative. He serves as a supporting antagonist in the first and second parts, later becoming the main villain in the third part and the protagonist in the fourth part. Media Manga Webcomic Written and illustrated by , Senyu started on Nico Nico Seiga website on August 27, 2010. The first part finished on June 17, 2011, and a second part was published from July 1 of that same year, to February 22, 2013. A third part was published from March 1, 2013, to July 4, 2014. A fourth part was published from August 22, 2014, to February 27, 2015. A parallel story, titled Senyu+, was published from April 10, 2015, to February 22, 2019; on that same day, a fifth part of Senyu started. Print versions Haruhara published a print version of the series in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Jump Square from May 2, 2012, to April 4, 2013. Its chapters were collected in two volumes, released on December 4, 2012, and July 4, 2013. Another series, titled , was published in Kodansha's Suiyōbi no Sirius online manga section of Nico Nico Seiga from August 21, 2013, to May 14, 2014. Kodansha collected its chapters in three volumes, released from October 9, 2013, to June 9, 2014. A sequel, titled , was published in Suiyōbi no Sirius from June 25, 2014, to March 1, 2014. Kodansha collected its chapters in six volumes, released from December 4, 2014, to May 9, 2017. Anime An anime television series adaptation was announced in August 2017. Directed by Yutaka Yamamoto and produced by Liden Films and Ordet, it was broadcast on TV Tokyo; the first part was broadcast from January 9 to April 3, 2013, while the second season aired from July 3 to September 25 of that same year. For the first season, JAM Project performed both the opening and ending themes "The Monsters" and , respectively. For the second season, Granrodeo performed the opening theme , while Alba performed the ending theme "Questers!". Additional original animation DVD (OAD) episodes were bundled with the series' Blu-ray Disc and DVD releases on October 25 and November 22, 2013. Both season were streamed by Crunchyroll. Episodes See also 'Tis Time for "Torture," Princess, another manga series by the same author References External links Official anime website Anime series based on manga Comedy anime and manga Fantasy anime and manga Japanese webcomics Kodansha manga Liden Films Ordet (studio) Shueisha franchises Shueisha manga Shōnen manga TV Tokyo original programming Webcomics in print
Watergate is a hamlet in the civil parish of Advent in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. There is also a hamlet called Watergate in the civil parish of Pelynt in Cornwall. References Hamlets in Cornwall
Cocoa Exchange may refer to: New York Cocoa Exchange, a former commodity futures exchange where cocoa was bought and sold Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange, created by the merger of the New York Cocoa Exchange and New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange 1 Wall Street Court, a building in Manhattan where the New York Cocoa Exchange had its trading floor and offices London Commodity Exchange, which merged to become London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange See also Cocoa (disambiguation) List of commodities exchanges
Pheraea or Pheraia (), also Pharaea or Pharaia (Φαραία), was a town in ancient Arcadia. Strabo writes that it was near the border between Arcadia and Elis, and that the cities of Harpina and Cicysium were on the road that went from Olympia to Pheraea. Pheraea is located at a site in the modern village of Nemouta. References Populated places in ancient Arcadia Former populated places in Greece
The 1969 Gujarat riots involved communal violence between Hindus and Muslims during September–October 1969, in Gujarat, India. The violence was Gujarat's first major riot that involved massacre, arson, and looting on a large scale. It was the most deadly Hindu-Muslim violence since the partition of India in 1947, and remained so until the 1989 Bhagalpur violence. According to the official figures, 660 people were killed, 1074 people were injured, and over 48,000 lost their property. Unofficial reports claim as high as 2000 deaths. The Muslim community suffered the majority of the losses. Out of the 512 deaths reported in the police complaints, 430 were Muslims. Property worth 42 million rupees was destroyed during the riots, with Muslims losing 32 million worth of property. A distinctive feature of the violence was the attack on Muslim chawls by their Dalit Hindu neighbours who had maintained peaceful relations with them until this point. The riots happened during the chief ministership of the Indian National Congress leader Hitendra Desai. The Justice Reddy Commission set up by his government blamed the Hindu nationalist organizations for the violence. Various writers trace the causes of the riots to a mix of socioeconomic and political factors. The violence started on 18 September 1969 after Muslims attacked some Hindu sadhus and a temple, after the cows herded by the sadhus caused injury to them. The Hindus later attacked a Muslim dargah, and Muslim protesters also attacked the temple again, leading to a mass breakout of violence. The riots started in Ahmedabad, and then spread to other areas, notably Vadodara, Mehsana, Nadiad, Anand, and Gondal. By 26 September, the violence had been brought under control, however some more violent incidents happened during 18–28 October 1969. Background The Hindu-Muslim tension increased considerably in Gujarat during the 1960s. Between 1961 and 1971, there were 685 incidents of communal violence in the urban areas of Gujarat (plus, another 114 in the rural areas). Out of the 685 incidents, 578 incidents happened in 1969 alone. Although Ahmedabad had been divided along the caste and religious lines, it was not a communally sensitive area until the 1960s. In the 1960s, the city's textile mills attracted a large number of migrants from other parts of the state. During 1961–71, the city's population grew by nearly 38%, resulting in the rapid growth of slums in the eastern part of the city. However, the mid-1960s onwards, a number of under-qualified mill workers in Ahmedabad became unemployed, as the jobs went to the small units of Surat. During the 1960s, seven large mills in Ahmedabad shut down, and around 17,000 workers lost their jobs. The Hindus were over-represented among these workers, compared to the Muslims. The Dalit Hindu workers faced a greater sense of insecurity, as the local Muslim workers were said to be more skilled in the weaving. Several violent clashes involving the textile workers took place in the slums of the city, mainly between the Hindu Dalits and the Muslims. The changing socioeconomic factors also impacted the political situation in the city. The Indian National Congress had been fragmenting, leading to tensions between its factions: the Congress eventually split into Congress (O) and Congress (I) in 1969. At the same time, the Hindu nationalist organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) had established local strongholds in the eastern parts of the city. Several incidents led to increase in tensions between the two communities in Ahmedabad. During a three-day rally held in Maninagar during 27–28 December 1968, the RSS supremo M. S. Golwalkar pleaded for a Hindu Rashtra ("Hindu nation"). On the Muslim side, provocative speeches were made at the conference of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in June 1969. On the evening of 3 March 1969, a Hindu police officer moved a handcart that was obstructing traffic near the Kalupur Tower. A copy of the Koran placed on the handcart fell on the ground, resulting in a demand for an apology by a small Muslim crowd standing nearby. The crowd soon grew bigger, and twelve policemen were injured in the subsequent violent protests. On 31 August, the Muslims of the city held a massive demonstration to protest the burning of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. On 4 September, a Muslim sub-inspector, while dispersing a Ramlila festive crowd, hit a table. As a result, the Hindu text Ramayana and an Aarti thali (plate) fell down. The Hindus alleged that the police officer also kicked the sacred book. This incident led to protests by Hindus, and the formation of the Hindu Dharma Raksha Samiti by the RSS leaders. The Hindu Dharma Raksha Samiti ("Hindu Religion Protection Committee") organized protests in which anti-Muslim slogans were raised. The Bharatiya Jana Sangh leader Balraj Madhok visited the city and made fiery speeches on 14 and 15 September. Another incident included an alleged assault on some Muslim maulvis, who were trying to construct a mosque in the Odhav village near Ahmedabad. September violence On 18 September 1969, a Muslim crowd had gathered in the Jamalpur area of Ahmedabad to celebrate the local Urs festival at the tomb of a Sufi saint (Bukhari Saheb's Chilla). When the sadhus (Hindu holy men) of the nearby Jagannath temple tried to bring their cows back to the temple compound through the crowded streets, some Muslim women were injured. The cows also allegedly damaged some carts on which the Muslims were selling goods. This led to violence in which some Muslim youths attacked and injured the sadhus, and damaged the temple windows. Sevadasji, the mahant (priest) of the Hindu temple, went on a protest fast, which he gave up after a 15-member Muslim delegation led by A.M. Peerzada met him and apologized. However, subsequently, a dargah (tomb shrine) near the temple was damaged by some Hindus. A large number of Muslims protestors gathered in the area. On the afternoon of 19 September, a crowd of 2500-3000 Muslims attacked the temple again. Following this, the rumors spread and the violence escalated, resulting in several incidents of arson, murders and attacks on the places of worship around the area. The Muslims in the eastern areas of the city and its suburbs started fleeing their homes for safer areas. Several trains carrying them were stopped and attacked. A curfew was imposed on the evening of 19 September, and on the next day, the army was called in to control the violence. During 19–24 September 514 people were killed. This period also saw damage to 6,123 houses and shops, mainly by Hindus. In the afternoon of 20 September 1969, a young Muslim man, angry at the destruction of his property by Hindus, announced that he would take revenge. An angry Hindu mob beat him up and asked him to shout Jai Jagannath ("Hail Jagannath"). The Muslim man said he would rather die. The crowd then sprinkled petrol on him and burnt him to death. The municipal corporation by-election scheduled for 22 September was postponed. The first curfew relaxation on the next day resulted in 30 deaths within the first 3 hours. According to the Justice Reddy Commission set up by the Congress Government to investigate the riots, Hindu nationalist organizations like the RSS, Hindu Mahasabha and Jan Sangh were involved in the riots. Aftermath The Justice Jaganmohan Reddy Commission of Enquiry was set up by the Government of Gujarat's Home Department. It published a report in 1971, questioning the police's role in the riots. It found around six instances of Muslim religious places adjoining police lines or police stations being attacked or damaged. The police defended themselves claiming these police stations did not have adequate strength since the forces were busy quelling the riots at other places. However, the commission refused to entertain this argument, since there was no report of damage to a Hindu place of worship near any police station. Overall, 37 mosques, 50 , 6 (Muslim graveyards) and 3 temples were destroyed. Journalist Ajit Bhattacharjea accused the police of not taking any "firm action for the first three days", and stated that "this was not a matter of slackness but policy". An unnamed senior Congress leader told him that their government was reluctant to use force because it was afraid of losing power to Bharatiya Jana Sangh in the next elections in case it did so. The members of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh called the violence a revenge for the massacre of Hindus by the Muslim League in 1946. On 26 September, a Hindu organisation called Sangram Samiti claimed that the Congress-led government had been appeasing the Muslims, and had been encouraging the "abolition of Hindu religion under the name of secularism". The Hindu organizations claimed that after the alleged desecration of the Koran in March, the Hindu police officer had to apologize twice, while "it took days for taking any steps when the Hindus were similarly insulted" after the alleged desecration of the Ramayana in September. According to the author and social activist Achyut Yagnik, the 1969 riots were a turning point in the Hindu-Muslim relations in Gujarat, and led to a drop in the tolerance levels, which was visible in the later riots of 1992-93 and 2002. After the 1969 riots, the state saw increasing Muslim ghettoisation. See also Religious violence in India 1985 Gujarat riots 2002 Gujarat riots 2006 Gujarat riots Naroda Patiya massacre References History of Gujarat (1947–present) 1969 in India 1969 riots September 1969 events in Asia October 1969 events in Asia Riots and civil disorder in India Religious riots Religiously motivated violence in India Mass murder in 1969 Attacks on religious buildings and structures in India Persecution by Hindus History of Ahmedabad Anti-Muslim violence in India Crime in Gujarat 1969 murders in India Events in Ahmedabad
The 1953 South American Championship final was the final match to determine the winner of the 1953 South American Championship. It was held on April 1, 1953, in Estadio Nacional of Lima, Peru. Paraguay won the match against Brazil by a 3–2 score, winning its first continental title. Overview Some journalists stated that Paraguay's best moments in football were during those years. In fact, the Paraguayan side achieved some notable results such as the 5–1 win to Argentina (current South American champion by then) in July 1945. Other good performances by the Paraguayan team had been the 3rd place in 1946 –with goalkeeper Sinforiano García (considered one of the greatest in Paraguayan football) as its most notable player–, the 2nd place in 1947 and the win over Brazil on group stage in 1949 (although the host country would thrash Paraguay 7–0 in the final). After former player Manuel Fleitas Solich was appointed coach, Paraguay started a hard training routine with the purpose of being in the best shape for the 1953 South American tournament. Results were highly satisfactory so Paraguay crowned champion unbeaten, winning Brazil in the final and taking revenge on the 1949 final. Route to the final Note Brazil and Paraguay finished tied on points so a playoff match had to be played to decide the champion. Match details References 1953 in Peruvian football Paraguay national football team matches Brazil national football team matches Copa América finals Sports competitions in Lima April 1953 sports events in South America
Rose Hobart (born Rose Kefer; May 1, 1906 – August 29, 2000) was an American actress and a Screen Actors Guild official. Early years Born in New York City, Hobart was the daughter of a cellist in the New York Symphony Orchestra, Paul Kefer, and an opera singer, Marguerite Kefer. Her parents' divorce when she was seven resulted in Hobart and her sister, Polly, going to France to live with their grandmother. When World War I began, they came back to the United States and went to boarding schools. By 1921, she was a student at Kingston High School in Kingston, New York. Career When Hobart was 15, she debuted professionally in Cappy Ricks, a Chautauqua production. She was accepted for the 18-week tour because she told officials that she was 18. At that same age, she was cast in Ferenc Molnár's Liliom, which opened in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Hobart's Broadway stage debut was on September 17, 1923 at the Knickerbocker Theater, playing a young girl in Lullaby. In 1925, she played Charmian in Caesar and Cleopatra. Hobart was an original member of Eva Le Gallienne's Civic Repertory Theatre. In 1928, she made her London debut, playing Nina Rolf in The Comic Artist. During her career in theater, she toured with Noël Coward in The Vortex and was cast opposite Helen Hayes in What Every Woman Knows. Her performance as Grazia in Death Takes a Holiday won her a Hollywood contract. Hobart appeared in more than 40 motion pictures over a 20-year period. Her first film role was the part of Julie in the first talking picture version of Liliom, made by Fox Film Corporation in 1930, starring Charles Farrell in the title role, and directed by Frank Borzage. Under contract to Universal, Hobart starred in A Lady Surrenders (1930), East of Borneo (1931), and Scandal for Sale (1932). On loan to other studios, she appeared in Chances (1931) and Compromised (1931). In 1931, she co-starred with Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Rouben Mamoulian's original film version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931). She played the role of Muriel, Jekyll's fiancée. In 1936, Surrealist artist Joseph Cornell, who bought a print of East of Borneo to screen at home, became smitten with the actress, and cut out nearly all the parts that did not include her. He also showed the film at silent film speed and projected it through a blue-tinted lens. He named the resulting work Rose Hobart. Hobart often played the "other woman" in movies during the 1940s, with her last major film role in Bride of Vengeance (1949). Politics The House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Hobart in 1949, effectively ending her career. She believed that she first came to the attention of anti-Communist activists because of her commitment to improving working conditions for actors in Hollywood. In 1986, she recalled that "On my first three pictures, they worked me 18 hours a day and then complained because I was losing so much weight that they had to put stuff in my evening dress . . . . When I did East of Borneo (1931), that schlocky horror [film that] I did, we shot all night long. They started at 6 o'clock at night and finished at 5 in the morning. For two solid weeks, I was working with alligators, jaguars and pythons out on the back lot. I thought, 'This is acting?' It was ridiculous. We were militant about the working conditions. We wanted an eight-hour day like everybody else." Hobart also served on the board of the Screen Actors Guild and was an active participant in the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, a group which anti-Communists like Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed was subversive. In 1948, Hobart was subpoenaed to appear before the Tenney Committee on Un-American Activities. Although Hobart was not a member of the Communist Party, she refused to cooperate, instead reading a prepared statement that concluded, "In a democracy no one should be forced or intimidated into a declaration of his principles. If one does yield to such pressure, he gives away his birthright. I am just mulish enough not to budge when anyone uses force on me." In 1950, Hobart was also listed in the anti-Communist blacklisting publication, Red Channels. Hobart never worked in film again, although she did work on stage, and, later as the blacklist eased, in the 1960s, she took on television roles, including a part on Peyton Place. Personal life Hobart was married three times. Her first marriage, to Benjamin L. Winter, ended in divorce in 1929. On October 9, 1932, she married William Mason Grosvenor, Jr., an executive in a chemical engineering firm. They were divorced on February 17, 1941. She had one child, son Judson Bosworth, from her third marriage to architect Barton H. Bosworth. Later years In 1994, Hobart published her autobiography, A Steady Digression to a Fixed Point. Death On August 29, 2000, Hobart died at the Motion Picture and Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California, aged 94, from natural causes. She was survived by her only child, son Judson Bosworth (b. 1949). Filmography Film Television References External links 1906 births 2000 deaths 20th-century American actresses American film actresses American stage actresses American television actresses Actresses from New York City Hollywood blacklist
The 1987 Swedish Golf Tour was the fourth season of the Swedish Golf Tour, the main professional golf tour in Sweden since it was formed in 1984. Schedule The following table lists official events during the 1987 season. Order of Merit The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Swedish krona. See also 1987 Swedish Golf Tour (women) Notes References External links Swedish Golf Tour Swedish Golf Tour Swedish Golf Tour
Sesam stasjon () was a 1990s Norwegian children's television series that ran on NRK1 (and sometime NRK2) based on Sesame Street. It quickly became the most popular children's show in Norway after its début in 1991, and 198 episodes were made until 1999. Unlike their predecessors from all over the world it is set in a railway station near a town instead of the traditional Sesame Street neighbourhood. Each episode is 30 minutes, of which 15–20 are from the Norwegian production and 10–15 are dubbed from Sesame Street. History In 1987, NRK approached Children's Television Workshop about the possibility to make a Norwegian co-production of Sesame Street. In 1989, an agreement was reached between NRK and CTW, and the production of Sesam stasjon began in September 1990. As part of the preparation for the show, Kermit Love traveled to Norway in June 1990 to teach the Norwegian puppeteers. The whole production also went to New York to observe the American production of Sesame Street. The Norwegian producers were Herman Gran and Grete Høien. Eyvind Skeie and Lena Seimler wrote the teleplays, the costumes were designed by NRK's Costume Designer Ellen Andreassen Jensen while Sigvald Tveit wrote the music for the songs from the show. Harald Mæle was responsible for the voiceovers for the American cuts. The first episode aired on NRK on 4 February 1991. In the beginning, the plan was to produce 77 episodes all written by Eyvind Skeie. In 1992, Skeie left the production after finishing his contract of 77 episodes. At the same time, NRK told that they wanted to make another 250 episodes to run through 2006. Although NRK had written in a contract with CTW that they were going to produce the show until 2001, as well as retaining a right to show reruns the first five years following, they decided to opt out of the production deal in 1998 due to lowered ratings. NRK also decided that the resources used to produce Sesam stasjon could be used better elsewhere, so NRK paid CTW to get out of the contract. The cast opposed its cancellation, to no avail. The last scene was recorded on 28 April 1999, bringing the total to 198 episodes. However, Sesam stasjon stayed on the air in reruns until 2004. Content Some of the episodes were like mini-series; the storyline would continue where the last episode left off. One of these longer stories was about how Alfa entered a contest to write a television show. She wrote about her life at Sesam stasjon, and she won the contest. The entire station was invited to NRK, so they could talk about the show. In a later episode, a TV crew from NRK arrived to shoot the TV show using actors to play Alfa and her friends. These "actors" were the walk-around suits, that were built for live appearances. Characters Muppets Max Mekker: a big blue animal-like guy who works at Sesam stasjon. He is good at fixing things, hence the name "Mekker" (about the same as "handyman"). He always talks in rhyme. Played by Geir Børresen. Alfa: a female yellow muppet resident of the train station who likes to play the guitar. Played by Hanne Dahle. Bjarne: a male pink muppet who owns a ticket booth. He is very fond of numbers and being organized. He suffers from allergies, and therefore doesn't like summer. Played by Åsmund Huser. Py: a red muppet with yellow and red hair and the youngest at the station. She was hatched from a large blue egg that appeared on a train. Played by Christine Stoesen. Stasjonsmester O. Tidemann: station master. Played by Sverre Holm. Leonora Dorothea Dahl: a woman who works at the train station. She likes to sing and cook. Played by Sidsel Ryen. The puppets used for the show had to be sent to the Children's Television Workshop (CTW) whenever they had to be rinsed, because the mechanism used to operate them was confidential. Only Geir Børresen was allowed inside Max Mekker. Voices Magnus Nielsen as Ernie (Erling) and Anything Muppets Harald Mæle as Bert (Bernt), Grover (Gunnar) and Cookie Monster (Kakemonster) and Anything Muppets Although not a character, the animated Pinball Number Count segments were also dubbed and used in the show regularly, and the melody is well recognized amongst Norwegians who have watched the show, despite most of them not having seen Sesame Street. Set The outdoor scenes for the show were filmed at Lørenskog Station, which was repainted for the series. Only the station side was repainted in a colourful manner characteristic for Sesame Street, while its back was yellow and green. A postmodern clock tower was built alongside the station in the 1980s and was also painted for the show. Sesamtoget (The Sesame Train) that was used in the show consisted of four parts. Norwegian State Railways (NSB) converted two old shunters, El 10 no. 2504 and no. 2508, and two Di 2 no. 827 and no. 839. The three carriages used were two earlier German BFV1 carriages, which NSB had taken ownership of after the war, and a modified goods van. All of the train parts were painted in the same colourful scheme as the station. El 10 no. 2504 is currently being kept in Grorud and no. 2508 is stationed in Hamar, both old and not in regular use. While the Di 2 no. 839 has been repainted, no. 827 is being kept intact by the Norwegian Railway Club in Hønefoss. In other media Bjarne and Max Mekker were included in Children's Television Workshop's 1993 New Year's Eve special, Sesame Street Stays Up Late. References External links 1991 Norwegian television series debuts 1999 Norwegian television series endings NRK original programming Sesame Street international co-productions Norwegian television shows featuring puppetry Lørenskog Norwegian children's television series 1990s Norwegian television series Norwegian television series based on American television series
Romain Genevois (born 28 October 1987) is a Haitian professional footballer who most recently played as a defender for Stade Malherbe Caen of the Ligue 1 in France. Early years Genevois was born in L'Estère, Haiti. At the age 3, he was separated from his biological parents who had difficulty raising him. He was then adopted, along with his younger brother, by a French couple who could not have children. He arrived in France on 5 February 1991 and grew up in Montcenis, a small town of Saône-et-Loire where his parents had chosen to live. Club career Genevois came up through FC Gueugnon's youth ranks to make his first team debut in the 2006–07 season. He moved to Tours FC in 2009 returning to Ligue 2. He then signed with OGC Nice in 2012 and concluded his tenure with a fourth-place finish and qualification to the UEFA Europa League in 2016. Genevois signed a three-year contract to play for Stade Malherbe Caen. In his career, Genevois has recorded over one hundred games in Ligue 1 and 286 in the pros and has made several trips to the European Cup. International career He made his debut for Haiti in the February 2008 friendly series against Venezuela, which served as a warm-up for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Nicaragua or the Netherlands Antilles. In 2013, Genevois was interviewed by Nice-Matin, which he made clear that he was not a Haitian international as was often said and was 100% French. He cited that he had never signed any document to keep dual citizenship and did not accept Haitian nationality. He claims to have responded to a call for a friendly match in Venezuela, but said it did not officially count as he did not go through Haiti. After spending a week with the team, which he recalls a good memory, organization was an issue. He first recalls arriving in the morning at a Florida airport, only to be picked up in the evening and did not know who the national coach was. This bad experience led him to further pursuit his pro career in France. He was later contacted by team officials to rejoin, but did not want to go to Haiti citing its difficult conditions and thus not revisited the island since leaving for France in his early childhood. In 2016, that changed when he finally accepted the solicitations of the Haitian selection under the new coach, Patrice Neveu. During this second stint with the national team, his outlook differed and stated his pleasure to be able to play for his country of origin and that things has really changed. He cites that something is building and there is room for optimism in Haitian football evoking its entry in the Copa America as "a very good experience, a very nice competition." He was one of the 23 players selected for the 2016 Copa América, which was the first time in its history to allow qualifications from countries outside of CONMEBOL, thus Haiti managed to qualify and enter for the first time. Personal life Genevois is married and is a father of two, a daughter and a son. He, along with his parents, has sent donations to Haiti through the association that allowed his adoption. References External links 1987 births Living people Men's association football defenders Haitian men's footballers Haitian expatriate men's footballers Haiti men's international footballers Haitian emigrants to France French men's footballers FC Gueugnon players Tours FC players OGC Nice players Stade Malherbe Caen players Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players Copa América Centenario players
Jorge Avendaño (born Jorge Avendaño Lührs) is a Mexican pianist, composer, songwriter and music producer. He has written music for many telenovelas including the 1993 version of Corazón salvaje for which he wrote its theme song, as well as the theme song and music for Amarte Asi. He has produced albums for Ana Bárbara, Patricia Manterola and Edith Márquez, for which he wrote the song "Enamorada" that was featured in the film Y tu mamá también. Life He has written songs and/or recorded a lot of top Latin artists, with such personalities as Plácido Domingo (Alborada, 2006), Sarah Brightman and Fernando Lima ("Passion" soap opera main title), Edith Márquez, Mijares, Ricardo Montaner, Los Nocheros, Carlos Cuevas, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, Limite, Charlie Zaa, Francisco Cespedes, Cristian Castro, Barry Ivan White, Fabián Chávez, etc. He has composed also classical music for symphony orchestra and small ensembles, and he was a prominent member of the Spanish Society of Authors and Composers (SGAE) since 1996; He is an active member of BMI since 2020. Albums Boleros: Por Amor y Desamor (1995) Films La metiche (1990) Telenovelas Incidental music Prohibido Amar (2011) Vivir a Destiempo (2012) Quererte Asi (2012) La Mujer de Judas (2012) Emperatriz (2011) Profugas del Destino (2010) La Loba (2010) Mujer Comprada (2009) Vuelveme a Querer (2009) Eternamente Tuya (2009) Amarte así (2005) Gitanas (2004) Mujer bonita (2001) Alborada (2005) La esposa virgen (2005) La madrastra (2005) Alma rebelde (1999) Infierno en el Paraíso Desencuentro (1997) Gente bien (1997) Morir dos veces (1996) Corazón salvaje (1993) Yo compro esa mujer (1990) Laberintos de pasión (1999) Original score Mariana de la noche (2003) Amor real (2003) Ladrón de corazones (2003) Niña... amada mía (2003) Entre el amor y el odio (2002) La intrusa (2001) Abrázame muy fuerte (2000) Amor gitano (1999) Por tu amor (1999) La Antorcha Encendida (1998) El privilegio de amar (1998) Theme songs External links 1960 births Living people Mexican composers Mexican male composers Mexican people of German descent Mexican people of Spanish descent Mexican pianists Mexican male songwriters Male pianists 21st-century pianists 21st-century male musicians
Internationalism () is a left communist group in Venezuela. The party was founded in 1964 around Marc Chirik, a member of the Left Communists of France until the latter's dissolution in 1952. It published ten issues of its review Internacionalismo between 1964 and 1968. The group participated in the founding conference of the International Communist Current (ICC) in 1975, and is today the ICC's section in Venezuela where it still publishes the review of the same name. External links Internacionalismo journal. International Communist Current Communist parties in Venezuela Political parties established in 1964 1964 establishments in Venezuela Left communist organizations
Irmgard Weitlaner-Johnson (1914–2011) was an American anthropologist who was an expert in Mexican textiles. She studied cultural anthropology and ethnographic textiles at the University of California, Berkeley. Life and career In July 1938, in Huautla de Jimenez, she and her husband, anthropologist Jean Bassett Johnson, along with Bernard Bevan and Louise Lacaud, were some of the first outsiders to witness and record a Mazatec healing ceremony where hallucinogenic psilocybin mushrooms (teonanacatl) were consumed. Weitlaner-Johnson began her systematic study of Mexican textiles in 1951 and later became curator of textiles at Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology. Selected works Articles Weitlaner-Johnson, Irmgard & Rosario Ramírez, "Indumentaria otopame en el Museo Nacional de Antropología", Arqueología Mexicana. No. 73, pp. 46–51. Weitlaner-Johnson, Irmgard (1957). "Survival of feather ornamented huipiles in Chiapas, Mexico". Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Vol. 46, pp. 189–196. Weitlaner-Johnson, Irmgard (1962). "Industrias y tejidos de Tuxpan, Jalisco, México." Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Vol. 6, no. 14, pp. 149–217. Weitlaner-Johnson, Irmgard (1960). "Un tzotzopatli antiguo de la región de Tehuacán". Anales Del Instituto Nacional De Antropología E Historia, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 75–85. Books References Further reading Vélez Calvo, R. (2016). "Una vida dedicada a los Textiles Mexicanos: Irmgard Weitlaner Johnson". Rutas De Campo, no. 1, pp. 47–51. American anthropologists Psychedelic drug researchers University of California, Berkeley alumni 1914 births 2011 deaths
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Thomson' is a hardy, cold-resistant cultivar of the Japanese Elm assessed by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) Nursery (now the AAFC-PFRA&E Shelterbelt Centre) at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, in the 1970s as part of its shelterbelt tree research. . The tree was one of a number of Japanese Elms planted in an experimental shelterbelt at Indian Head in 1953. These shelterbelt trees were derived from seed taken from two openly pollinated Japanese Elms obtained from Manchuria and planted at Indian Head in 1929. 'Thomson' attained a height of 8 m in 25 years, a rather modest performance compared with Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila and American Elm Ulmus americana grown at the same site. Nevertheless, the tree has proved exceptionally hardy. Description 'Thomson' is distinguished by a single trunk bearing a vase-shaped crown, the branches forming strong wide-angled crotches; the bark is dark grey and deeply fissured. The twigs have diamond-shaped fissures that become more apparent on second-year wood, and occasionally sport corky wings. The leaves are borne on 1 cm petioles, and average 7.5 cm in length, obovate to elliptic, with the typical acuminate apex and oblique base; dark green and glabrous, they turn bright yellow in autumn. The samarae are obovate and deeply notched at the apex. The species does not sucker from roots. Pests and diseases 'Thomson' displayed a resistance to Dutch elm disease when inoculated by Dr E. S. Kondo of the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) in Sault Ste. Marie; the original tree still survives (2008) and has also proven resistant to elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola. Moreover, the tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri . Cultivation The tree was usually propagated by grafting on Siberian Elm seedlings. Released for sale in Saskatchewan in 1980, 'Thomson' is no longer in commerce owing to restrictions imposed by the Canadian government on the movement of elms across the country, which severely limited its potential market. 'Thomson' was never introduced to Europe or Australasia. Synonymy 'Thompson': In error for 'Thomson'. Etymology The tree was named for Mr W. B. Thomson, appointed director of PFRA in 1973. Accessions None known. References Japanese elm cultivar Ulmus articles missing images Ulmus
```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- ~ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with ~ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. ~ ~ path_to_url ~ ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. --> <project xmlns="path_to_url" xmlns:xsi="path_to_url" xsi:schemaLocation="path_to_url path_to_url"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>shardingsphere-logging</artifactId> <version>5.5.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>shardingsphere-logging-core</artifactId> <name>${project.artifactId}</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>shardingsphere-logging-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>shardingsphere-mode-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>shardingsphere-test-it-yaml</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> ```
Divine, Inc. (stylized in lowercase), originally Divine Interventures, was a company that invested in internet companies during the dot-com bubble. The company was originally modeled after CMGI but changed its business plan after the bubble burst. The company's tagline was "an Internet Zaibatsu" and the company's goal was to create "a family of businesses that work collaboratively to create mutual opportunity and gain." In 2003, it filed bankruptcy and underwent liquidation after executives were accused of looting a subsidiary. History The company was founded by Andrew Filipowski in 1999. The company had 38 people on board of directors, including Michael Jordan, and on February 3, 2001, 27 members resigned as the company attempted to streamline its management. In July 2000, as the dot-com bubble burst, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. In February 2001, the company changed its name from Divine Interventures to Divine. In April 2001, the company acquired most of the assets of MarchFirst for $120 million. In May 2001, the company agreed to acquire RoweCom for $14 million in stock. In July 2001, the company agreed to acquire eShare for $71 million in stock. In August 2001, the company agreed to acquire Open Market for $59 million in stock. In January 2003, creditors of RoweCom filed a lawsuit against Divine, claiming that executives fraudulently transferred $73.7 million that was due to publishers, before abandoning the business. On February 25, 2003, the company filed bankruptcy. In April 2003, Divine's assets were sold at auction to Saratoga Partners, Golden Gate Private Equity, Little Bear Investment, and Outtask, for a total of $54 million. Saratoga Partners then sold the enterprise content management business to FatWire. The Open Market patents were acquired by Soverain Software. References 2000 initial public offerings Software companies established in 1999 Software companies disestablished in 2003 Defunct companies based in Chicago Defunct online companies of the United States Dot-com bubble Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2003 1999 establishments in Illinois 2003 disestablishments in California American companies established in 1999 American companies disestablished in 2003 Defunct companies based in California
Christianity in the 4th century was dominated in its early stage by Constantine the Great and the First Council of Nicaea of 325, which was the beginning of the period of the First seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787), and in its late stage by the Edict of Thessalonica of 380, which made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Christian persecutions {\| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;" border="1" \|+ Major communions ofthe 4th-5th centuries ! Communion !! Primary centers \|- \| Roman Empire andwestern Europe \|\| Rome, Alexandria,Constantinople \|- \| Church of the East \|\| Syria, Sasanian (Persia) Empire \|- \| Oriental Orthodox orNon-Chalcedonian \|\| Armenia, Syria, Egypt \|- \| Donatist Church \|\| North Africa \|- \| Gothic Arian Church \|\| Gothic tribes \|} With Christianity the dominant faith in some urban centers, Christians accounted for approximately 10% of the Roman population by 300, according to some estimates. Roman Emperor Diocletian launched the bloodiest campaign against Christians that the empire had witnessed. The persecution ended in 311 with the death of Diocletian. The persecution ultimately had not turned the tide on the growth of the religion. Christians had already organized to the point of establishing hierarchies of bishops. In 301 the Kingdom of Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity, followed by the Georgians in 324 and the Romans in 380. Roman Empire Under Galerius In April 311, Galerius, who had previously been one of the leading figures in the persecutions, issued an edict permitting the practice of the Christian religion under his rule. From 313 to 380, Christianity enjoyed the status of being a legal religion within the Roman Empire. It had not become the sole authorized state religion, although it gradually gained prominence and stature within Roman society. After halting the persecutions of the Christians, Galerius reigned for another 2 years. He was then succeeded by an emperor with distinctively pro Christian leanings, Constantine the Great. Constantine I Christian sources record that Constantine experienced a dramatic event in 312 at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, after which Constantine claimed the emperorship in the West. According to these sources, Constantine looked up to the sun before the battle and saw a cross of light above it, and with it the Greek words "" ("by this, conquer!", often rendered in the Latin "in hoc signo vinces"); Constantine commanded his troops to adorn their shields with a Christian symbol (the Chi-Ro), and thereafter they were victorious. How much Christianity Constantine adopted at this point is difficult to discern; most influential people in the empire, especially high military officials, were still pagan, and Constantine's rule exhibited at least a willingness to appease these factions. The conversion to Christianity The accession of Constantine was a turning point for the Christian Church. In 313, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan affirming the tolerance of Christians. Thereafter, he supported the Church financially, built various basilicas, granted privileges (e.g., exemption from certain taxes) to clergy, promoted Christians to high ranking offices, and returned property confiscated during the reign of Diocletian. Constantine utilized Christian symbols early in his reign but still encouraged traditional Roman religious practices including sun worship. Between 324 and 330, he built a new imperial capital at Byzantium on the Bosphorus (it came to be named for him: Constantinople)–the city employed overtly Christian architecture, contained churches within the city walls (unlike "old" Rome), and had no pagan temples. In 330 he established Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire. The city would gradually come to be seen as the center of the Christian world. Sociologist Joseph Bryant asserts that, by the time of Constantine, Christianity had already changed from its first century instantiation as a "marginal, persecuted, and popularly despised Christian sect" to become the fully institutionalized church "capable of embracing the entire Roman empire" that Constantine adopted. Without this transformation that Peter Brown has called "the conversion of Christianity" to the culture and ideals of the Roman world, Brown says Constantine would never have converted himself. By the end of the second century Christianity was steadily expanding and its membership was socially rising. The church was becoming increasingly institutionalized, and there is evidence of moral erosion and declining commitment amongst its expanding membership. Bryant explains that, "The governing principle of the [sect is] in the personal holiness of its members". A church, on the other hand, is an organization where sanctity is found in the institution rather than the individual. To become a church, "Christianity had to overcome its alienation from the 'world' and successfully weather persecution, accept that it was no longer an ecclesia pura, (a sect of the holy and the elect), but was instead a corpus permixtum, a 'catholic' Church geared to mass conversions and institutionally endowed with extensive powers of sacramental grace and redemption". This "momentous transformation" threatened the survival of the marginal religious movement as it naturally led to divisions, schisms and defections. Bryant explains that, "once those within a sect determine that "the 'spirit' no longer resides in the parent body, 'the holy and the pure' typically find themselves compelled – either by conviction or coercion – to withdraw and establish their own counter-church, consisting of the 'gathered remnant' of God's elect". According to Bryant, this describes all the schisms of Christianity's first 300 years including the Montanists, the schism created by Hippolytus in 218 under Callistus, the Melitian schism, and the Donatists. It is the Donatist schism that Bryant sees as the culmination of this sect to church dynamic. During the Melitian schism and the beginnings of the Donatist division, bishop Cyprian had felt compelled to "grant one laxist concession after another in the course of his desperate struggle to preserve the Catholic church". Roman emperors had always been religious leaders, but Constantine established precedent for the position of the Christian emperor in the Church. These emperors considered themselves responsible to God for the spiritual health of their subjects, and thus they had a duty to maintain orthodoxy. The emperor did not decide doctrine – that was the responsibility of the bishops – rather his role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uphold ecclesiastical unity. The emperor ensured that God was properly worshiped in his empire; what proper worship consisted of was the responsibility of the church. Constantine had commissioned more than one investigation into the Donatist issues and they all ruled in support of the Catholic cause, yet the Donatists refused to submit to either imperial or ecclesiastical authority. For a Roman emperor, that was sufficient cause to act. Brown says Roman authorities had shown no hesitation in "taking out" the Christian church they had seen as a threat to empire, and Constantine and his successors did the same, for the same reasons. Constantine's precedent of deferring to councils on doctrine, and accepting responsibility for their enforcement, would continue generally until the empire's end, although there were a few emperors of the 5th and 6th centuries who sought to alter doctrine by imperial edict without recourse to councils. In 325 Constantine called for the Council of Nicaea, which was effectively the first Ecumenical Council (the Council of Jerusalem was the first recorded Christian council but rarely is it considered ecumenical), to deal mostly with the Arian heresy, but which also issued the Nicene Creed, which among other things professed a belief in One Holy Catholic Apostolic Church, the start of Christendom. John Kaye characterizes the conversion of Constantine, and the council of Nicea, as two of the most important things to ever happen to the Christian church. Constantius II Constantine's sons banned pagan State religious sacrifices in 341 but did not close the temples. Although all State temples in all cities were ordered shut in 356, there is evidence that traditional sacrifices continued. When Gratian declined the position and title of Pontifex Maximus, his act effectively brought an end to the state religion because of the position's authority and ties within the administration. This ended state official practices but not the private religious practices, and consequently the temples remained open. There was not a total unity of Christianity however, and Constantius II was an Arian who kept Arian bishops at his court and installed them in various sees, expelling the orthodox bishops. Julian the Apostate Constantius's successor, Julian, known in the Christian world as Julian the Apostate, was a philosopher who upon becoming emperor renounced Christianity and embraced a Neo-platonic and mystical form of paganism shocking the Christian establishment. While not actually outlawing Christianity, he became intent on re-establishing the prestige of the old pagan beliefs and practices. He modified these practices to resemble Christian traditions such as the episcopal structure and public charity (hitherto unknown in Roman paganism). Julian eliminated most of the privileges and prestige previously afforded to the Christian Church. His reforms attempted to create a form of religious heterogeneity by, among other things, reopening pagan temples, accepting Christian bishops previously exiled as heretics, promoting Judaism, and returning Church lands to their original owners. However, Julian's short reign ended when he died while campaigning in the East. Christianity came to dominance during the reign of Julian's successors, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens (the last Eastern Arian Christian emperor). Nicaea Christianity becomes the state religion of the Roman Empire Over the course of the 4th century the Christian body became consumed by debates surrounding orthodoxy, i.e. which religious doctrines are the correct ones. By the early 4th century a group in North Africa, later called Donatists, who believed in a very rigid interpretation of Christianity that excluded many who had abandoned the faith during the Diocletian persecutions, created a crisis in the western Empire. A Church synod, or council, was called in Rome in 313 followed by another in Arles in 314. The latter was presided over by Constantine while he was still a junior emperor. The councils ruled that the Donatist faith was heresy, and when the Donatists refused to recant, Constantine launched the first campaign of persecution by Christians against Christians. This was only the beginning of imperial involvement in the Christian theology. Christian scholars within the empire were increasingly embroiled in debates regarding Christology. Opinions were widespread ranging from the belief that Jesus was entirely mortal to the belief that he was an Incarnation of God that had taken human form. The most persistent debate was that between the homoousian view (the Father and the Son are one and the same, eternal) and the Arian view (the Father and the Son are separate, but both divine). This controversy led to Constantine's calling a council meeting at Nicaea in 325. Christological debates raged throughout the 4th century with emperors becoming ever more involved with the Church and the Church becoming ever more divided. The Council of Nicaea in 325 supported the Athanasian view. The Council of Rimini in 359 supported the Arian view. The Council of Constantinople in 360 supported a compromise that allowed for both views. The Council of Constantinople in 381 re-asserted the Athanasian view and rejected the Arian view. Emperor Constantine was of divided opinions, but he largely backed the Athanasian faction (though he was baptized on his death bed by the Arian bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia). His successor Constantius II supported a Semi-Arian position. Emperor Julian favored a return the traditional Roman/Greek religion, but this trend was quickly quashed by his successor Jovian, a supporter of the Athanasian faction. In 380 Emperor Theodosius issued the Edict of Thessalonica, which established Christianity as the official state religion, specifically the faith established by the Council of Nicaea in 325: Theodosius called the Council of Constantinople in 381 to further refine the definition of orthodoxy. In 391 Theodosius closed all of the pagan (non-Christian and non-Jewish) temples and formally forbade pagan worship. These adhering state churches can be seen as effectively a department of the Roman state. All other Christian sects were explicitly declared heretical and illegal. In 385, came the first capital punishment of a heretic was carried out on Priscillian of Ávila. Ecumenical Councils of the 4th century The First Council of Nicaea (325) and the First Council of Constantinople (381) were a part of what would later be called the first seven Ecumenical Councils, which span 400 years of church history. First Council of Nicaea The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicaea in Bithynia (in present-day Turkey), convoked by Roman Emperor Constantine I in 325, was the first ecumenical conference of bishops of the Catholic Church (Catholic as in 'universal', not just Roman) and most significantly resulted in the first declaration of a uniform Christian doctrine. The purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements in the Church of Alexandria over the nature of Jesus in relationship to the Father; in particular, whether Jesus was of the same substance as God the Father or merely of similar substance. Alexander of Alexandria and Athanasius took the first position; the popular presbyter Arius, from whom the term Arian controversy comes, took the second. The council decided against the Arians overwhelmingly (of the estimated 250–318 attendees, all but 2 voted against Arius). Another result of the council was an agreement on the date of the Christian Passover (Pascha in Greek; Easter in modern English), the most important feast of the ecclesiastical calendar. The council decided in favour of celebrating the resurrection on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, independently of the Bible's Hebrew calendar, and authorized the Bishop of Alexandria (presumably using the Alexandrian calendar) to announce annually the exact date to his fellow bishops. The council was historically significant because it was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom. With the creation of the Nicene Creed, a precedent was established for subsequent general councils to create a statement of belief and canons which were intended to become guidelines for doctrinal orthodoxy and a source of unity for the whole of Christendom – a momentous event in the history of the Church and subsequent history of Europe. The council was opposed by the Arians, and Constantine tried to reconcile Arius with the Church. Even when Arius died in 336, one year before the death of Constantine, the controversy continued, with various separate groups espousing Arian sympathies in one way or another. In 359, a double council of Eastern and Western bishops affirmed a formula stating that the Father and the Son were similar in accord with the scriptures, the crowning victory for Arianism. The opponents of Arianism rallied, but in the First Council of Constantinople in 381 marked the final victory of Nicene orthodoxy within the empire, though Arianism had by then spread to the Germanic tribes, among whom it gradually disappeared after the conversion of the Franks to Catholicism in 496. First Council of Constantinople The First Council of Constantinople approved the current form of the Nicene Creed as it is still used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox churches. The creed, originally written in Greek, was subsequently translated in other languages. The form used by the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is part of Oriental Orthodoxy, has several additions to the original text. This fuller creed may have existed before the council and probably originated from the baptismal creed of Constantinople. Later, the Catholic Church in the west, added two additional Latin phrases ("Deum de Deo" and "Filioque"). The exact time, and origin, of these additions is disputed. However, they were formally accepted only in 1014. The council also condemned Apollinarism, the teaching that there was no human mind or soul in Christ. It also granted Constantinople honorary precedence over all churches save Rome. The council did not include Western bishops or Roman legates, but it was accepted as ecumenical in the West. Church Fathers The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. The term is used of writers and teachers of the Church, not necessarily saints. Teachers particularly are also known as doctors of the Church, although Athanasius called them men of little intellect. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Late Antique Christianity produced a great many renowned Church Fathers who wrote volumes of theological texts, including Augustine of Hippo, Gregory Nazianzus, Cyril of Jerusalem, Ambrose of Milan, Jerome, and others. Some, such as John Chrysostom and Athanasius, suffered exile, persecution, or martyrdom from heretical Byzantine emperors. Many of their writings are translated into English in the compilations of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. Influential texts and writers between 325 and c.500 include: Athanasius (298–373) The Cappadocian Fathers (late 4th century) Ambrose (c. 340–397) Chrysostom (347 407) Greek Fathers Those who wrote in Greek are called the Greek (Church) Fathers. Athanasius of Alexandria Athanasius of Alexandria was a theologian, Pope of Alexandria, and a noted Egyptian leader of the 4th century. He is best remembered for his role in the conflict with Arianism. At the First Council of Nicaea, Athanasius argued against the Arian doctrine that Christ is of a distinct substance from the Father. John Chrysostom John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople, is known for his eloquence in preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, and his ascetic sensibilities. After his death (or, according to some sources, during his life) he was given the Greek surname chrysostomos, meaning "golden mouthed", rendered in English as Chrysostom. Chrysostom is known within Christianity chiefly as a preacher, theologian, and liturgist, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Outside the Christian tradition Chrysostom is noted for eight of his sermons which played a considerable part in the history of Christian antisemitism and were extensively used by the Nazis in their ideological campaign against the Jews. Latin Fathers Those fathers who wrote in Latin are called the Latin (Church) Fathers. Ambrose of Milan Ambrose of Milan was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. He is counted as one of the four original doctors of the Church. Monasticism Desert Fathers The Desert Fathers were early monastics living in the Egyptian desert; although they did not write as much, their influence was also great. Among them are St. Anthony the Great and St. Pachomius. A great number of their usually short sayings is collected in the Apophthegmata Patrum ("Sayings of the Desert Fathers"). Early Christian monasticism The first efforts to create a proto-monastery were by Saint Macarius, who established individual groups of cells such as those at Kellia (founded in 328.) The intention was to bring together individual ascetics who, although pious, did not have the physical ability or skills to live a solitary existence in the desert . At Tabenna around 323, Saint Pachomius chose to mould his disciples into a more organized community in which the monks lived in individual huts or rooms (cellula in Latin) but worked, ate, and worshipped in shared space. Guidelines for daily life were created, and separate monasteries were created for men and women. This method of monastic organization is called cenobitic or "community-based." All the principal monastic orders are cenobitic in nature. In Catholic theology, this community-based living is considered superior because of the obedience practiced and the accountability offered. The head of a monastery came to be known by the word for "Father;" – in Syriac, Abba; in English, "Abbot." Pachomius was called in to help organize others, and by one count by the time he died in 346 there were thought to be 3,000 such communities dotting Egypt, especially the Thebaid. Within the span of the next generation this number increased to 7,000. From there monasticism quickly spread out first to Palestine and the Judean Desert, Syria, North Africa and eventually the rest of the Roman Empire. Eastern monasticism Orthodox monasticism does not have religious orders as in the West, so there are no formal monastic rules; rather, each monk and nun is encouraged to read all of the Holy Fathers and emulate their virtues. There is also no division between the "active" and "contemplative" life. Orthodox monastic life embraces both active and contemplative aspects. Gaul The earliest phases of monasticism in Western Europe involved figures like Martin of Tours, who after serving in the Roman legions converted to Christianity and established a hermitage near Milan, then moved on to Poitiers where he gathered a community around his hermitage. He was called to become Bishop of Tours in 372, where he established a monastery at Marmoutiers on the opposite bank of the Loire River, a few miles upstream from the city. His monastery was laid out as a colony of hermits rather than as a single integrated community. John Cassian began his monastic career at a monastery in Palestine and Egypt around 385 to study monastic practice there. In Egypt he had been attracted to the isolated life of hermits, which he considered the highest form of monasticism, yet the monasteries he founded were all organized monastic communities. About 410 he established two monasteries near Marseilles, one for men, one for women. In time these attracted a total of 5,000 monks and nuns. Most significant for the future development of monasticism were Cassian's Institutes, which provided a guide for monastic life and his Conferences, a collection of spiritual reflections. Honoratus of Marseilles was a wealthy Gallo-Roman aristocrat, who after a pilgrimage to Egypt, founded the Monastery of Lérins, on an island lying off the modern city of Cannes. The monastery combined a community with isolated hermitages where older, spiritually-proven monks could live in isolation. One Roman reaction to monasticism was expressed in the description of Lérins by Rutilius Namatianus, who served as prefect of Rome in 414: A filthy island filled by men who flee the light. Monks they call themselves, using a Greek name. Because they will to live alone, unseen by man. Fortune's gifts they fear, dreading their harm: Mad folly of a demented brain, That cannot suffer good, for fear of ill. Lérins became, in time, a center of monastic culture and learning, and many later monks and bishops would pass through Lérins in the early stages of their career. Honoratus was called to be Bishop of Arles and was succeeded in that post by another monk from Lérins. Lérins was aristocratic in character, as was its founder, and was closely tied to urban bishoprics. Defining scripture In 331, Constantine I commissioned Eusebius to deliver fifty Christian Bibles for the Church of Constantinople. Athanasius (Apol. Const. 4) recorded Alexandrian scribes around 340 preparing Bibles. Little else is known, though there is plenty of speculation. For example, it is speculated that this may have provided motivation for canon lists, and that Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus are examples of these Bibles. Together with the Peshitta and Codex Alexandrinus, these are the earliest extant Christian Bibles. In order to form a New Testament canon of uniquely Christian works, proto-orthodox Christians went through a process that was complete in the West by the beginning of the fifth century. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, Egypt, in his Easter letter of 367, which was approved at the Quinisext Council, listed the same twenty-seven New Testament books as found in the Canon of Trent. The first council that accepted the present canon of the New Testament may have been the Synod of Hippo Regius in North Africa in 393; the acts of this council, however, are lost. A brief summary of the acts was read at and accepted by the Council of Carthage (397) and Council of Carthage (419). Bishops After legalisation in 313, the Church inside the Roman Empire adopted the same organisational boundaries as the empire: geographical provinces, called dioceses, corresponding to imperial governmental territorial division. The bishops, who were located in major urban centres as per pre-legalisation tradition, thus oversaw each diocese as Metropolitan bishops. The bishop's location was his "seat", or "see." The prestige of important Christian centers depended in part on their apostolic founders, from whom the bishops were therefore the spiritual successors according to the doctrine of Apostolic succession. Constantine erected a new capital at Byzantium, a strategically placed city on the Bosporus. He renamed his new capital Nova Roma ("New Rome"), but the city would become known as Constantinople. The Second Ecumenical Council, held at the new capital in 381, elevated the see of Constantinople to a position ahead of the other chief metropolitan sees, except that of Rome. Mentioning in particular the provinces of Asia, Pontus and Thrace, it decreed that the synod of each province should manage the ecclesiastical affairs of that province alone, except for the privileges already recognized for Alexandria and Antioch. Tensions between the East and the West The divisions in Christian unity which led to the East–West Schism started to become evident as early as the 4th century. Although 1054 is the date usually given for the beginning of the Great Schism, there is, in fact, no specific date on which the schism occurred. The events leading to schism were not exclusively theological in nature. Cultural, political, and linguistic differences were often mixed with the theological. Unlike the Coptics or Armenians who broke from the Church in the 5th century and established ethnic churches at the cost of their universality and catholicity, the eastern and western parts of the Church remained loyal to the faith and authority of the seven ecumenical councils. They were united, by virtue of their common faith and tradition, in one Church. The Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem and the ecclesiastics of the Orthodox church are based in the ancient Church of the Holy Sepulchre constructed in 335 AD. Disunion in the Roman Empire further contributed to disunion in the Church. Emperor Diocletian divided the administration of the eastern and western portions of the empire in the early 4th century, though subsequent leaders (including Constantine) aspired to and sometimes gained control of both regions. Theodosius I, who established Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, died in 395 and was the last emperor to rule over a united Roman Empire; following his death, the division into western and eastern halves, each under its own emperor, became permanent. By the end of the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire had been overrun by the Germanic tribes, while the Eastern Roman Empire (known also as the Byzantine Empire) continued to thrive. Thus, the political unity of the Roman Empire was the first to fall. In the West, the collapse of civil government left the Church practically in charge in many areas, and bishops took to administering secular cities and domains. When royal and imperial rule reestablished itself, it had to contend with power wielded independently by the Church. In the East, however, imperial and, later, Islamic rule dominated the Eastern bishops of Byzantium. Whereas the Orthodox regions that were predominantly Slavic experienced period foreign dominance as well as period without infrastructure (see the Tatars and Russia). Rome In the 4th century when the Roman emperors were trying to control the Church, theological questions were running rampant throughout the Roman Empire. The influence of Greek speculative thought on Christian thinking led to all sorts of divergent and conflicting opinions. Christ's commandment to love others as He loved seemed to have been lost in the intellectual abstractions of the time. Theology was also used as a weapon against opponent bishops, since being branded a heretic was the only sure way for a bishop to be removed by other bishops. After Constantine built Constantinople, the centre of the empire was recognised to have shifted to the eastern Mediterranean. Rome lost the Senate to Constantinople and lost its status and gravitas as imperial capital. The bishops of Rome sent letters which, though largely ineffectual, provided historical precedents which were used by later supporters of papal primacy. These letters were known as 'decretals' from at least the time of Siricius (384–399) to Leo I provided general guidelines to follow which later would become incorporated into canon law. Spread of Christianity In the 4th century, the early process of Christianization of the various Germanic peoples was partly facilitated by the prestige of the Christian Roman Empire amongst European pagans. Until the decline of the Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes who had migrated there (with the exceptions of the Saxons, Franks, and Lombards) had converted to Christianity. Many of them, notably the Goths and Vandals, adopted Arianism instead of the Trinitarian beliefs that came to dominate the Roman Imperial Church. The gradual rise of Germanic Christianity was voluntary, particularly amongst groups associated with the Roman Empire. Wulfila or Ulfilas was the son or grandson of Christian captives from Sadagolthina in Cappadocia. In 337 or 341, Wulfila became the first bishop of the (Christian) Goths. By 348, one of the pagan Gothic kings began persecuting the Christian Goths, and Wulfila and many other Christian Goths fled to Moesia Secunda (in modern Bulgaria) in the Roman Empire. Other Christians, including Wereka, Batwin, and Saba, died in later persecutions. Between 348 and 383, Wulfila translated the Bible into the Gothic language. Thus some Arian Christians in the west used the vernacular languages, in this case including Gothic and Latin, for services, as did Christians in the eastern Roman provinces, while most Christians in the western provinces used Latin. Christianity outside the Roman Empire The Armenian, Georgian and Ethiopian churches are the only instances of imposition of Christianity by sovereign rulers predating the council of Nicaea. Conversions happened among the Grecian-Roman-Celtic populations over centuries, mostly among its urban population and only spread to rural populations in much later centuries. Consequently, while the initial converts were found among the Jewish populations, the development of the Orthodox Church as an aspect of State society occurred through the co-option of State Religion into the ethos of Christianity, and only then was conversion of the large rural population accomplished. The Germanic migrations of the 5th century were triggered by the destruction of the Gothic kingdoms by the Huns in 372–375. Great persecution The great persecution fell upon the Christians in Persia about 340. Though the religious motives were never unrelated, the primary cause of the persecution was political. When Rome became Christian, its old enemy turned anti-Christian. For the first three centuries after Christ it was in the West that Christians were persecuted. The Parthians were too religiously tolerant to persecute, and their less tolerant Sassanian successors on the throne were too busy fighting Rome, so Persian emperors were inclined to regard them as friends of Persia. It was about 315 that an ill-advised letter from Christian Emperor Constantine to his Persian counterpart Shapur II probably triggered the beginnings of an ominous change in the Persian attitude toward Christians. Constantine believed he was writing to help his fellow believers in Persia but succeeded only in exposing them. He wrote to the young shah: "I rejoice to hear that the fairest provinces of Persia are adorned with...Christians...Since you are so powerful and pious, I commend them to your care, and leave them in your protection". It was enough to make any Persian ruler conditioned by 300 years of war with Rome suspicious of the emergence of a fifth column. Any lingering doubts must have been dispelled when about twenty years later when Constantine began to gather his forces for war in the East. Eusebius records that Roman bishops were prepared to accompany their emperor to "battle with him and for him by prayers to God whom all victory proceeds". And across the border in Persian territory the forthright Persian preacher Aphrahat recklessly predicted on the basis of his reading of Old testament prophecy that Rome would defeat Persia. When the persecutions began shortly thereafter, the first accusation brought against the Christians was that they were aiding the Roman enemy. The shah Shapur II's response was to order a double taxation on Christians and to hold the bishop responsible for collecting it. He knew they were poor and that the bishop would be hard-pressed to find the money. Bishop Simon refused to be intimidated. He branded the tax as unjust and declared, "I am no tax collector but a shepherd of the Lord's flock." A second decree ordered the destruction of churches and the execution of clergy who refused to participate in the national worship of the sun. Bishop Simon was seized and brought before the shah and was offered gifts to make a token obeisance to the sun, and when he refused, they cunningly tempted him with the promise that if he alone would apostatize his people would not be harmed, but that if he refused he would be condemning not just the church leaders but all Christians to destruction. At that, the Christians rose up and refused to accept such a deliverance as shameful. In 344, Simon was led outside the city of Susa along with a large number of Christian clergy. Five bishops and one hundred priests were beheaded before his eyes, and lastly he was put to death. Sometime before the death of Shapur II in 379, the intensity of the persecution slackened. Tradition calls it a Forty-Year Persecution, lasting from 339–379 and ending only with Shapur's death. When at last the years of suffering ended around 401, the historian Sozomen, who lived nearby, wrote that the multitude of martyrs had been "beyond enumeration". One estimate is that as many as 190,000 Persian Christians died in the terror. Conditioning factors of missionary expansion Several important factors help to explain the extensive growth in the Church of the East during the first twelve hundred years of the Christian era. Geographically, and possibly even numerically, the expansion of this church outstripped that of the church in the West in the early centuries. The outstanding key to understanding this expansion is the active participation of the laymen – the involvement of a large percentage of the church's believers in missionary evangelism. Persecution strengthened and spread the Christian movement in the East. A great influx of Christian refugees from the Roman persecutions of the first two centuries gave vigour to the Mesopotamian church. The persecutions in Persia caused refugees to escape as far as Arabia, India, and other Central Asian countries. Christianity penetrated Arabia from numerous points on its periphery. Northeastern Arabia flourished from the end of the 3rd to the end of the 6th and was apparently evangelized by Christians from the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the 4th century. The kingdom of Ghassan on the northwest frontier was also a sphere of missionary activity. In fact, by 500 many churches were also in existence along the Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf and in Oman, all connected with the Church of the East in the Persian Empire. Arabian bishops were found among those in attendance at important church councils in Mesopotamia. Central Asia The agents of missionary expansion in central Asia and the Far East were not only monks and clergy trained in the mesopotamian monastic schools, but also in many cases Christian merchants and artisans, often with considerable biblical training. They frequently found employment among people less advanced in education, serving in government offices and as teachers and secretaries and more advanced medical care. They also helped to solve the problem of illiteracy by inventing simplified alphabets based on the Syriac language. Persecution often thrust Christians forth into new and unevangelized lands to find refuge. The dissemination of the gospel by largely Syriac-using people had its advantages, but it was also a hindrance to indigenizing the church in the new areas. Because Syriac never became dominant, competition from ethnic religions was an issue. For these reasons of political vicissitude, in later centuries Christianity suffered an almost total eclipse in Asia until the modern period. The golden age of early missions in central Asia extended from the end of the fourth to the latter part of the 9th century. Christianity had an early and extensive dissemination throughout the vast territory north of Persia and west and East of the Oxus River. Cities like Merv, Herat and Samarkand had bishops and later became metropolitanates. Christians were found among the Hephthalite Huns from the 5th century, and the Mesopotamian patriarch assigned two bishops (John of Resh-aina and Thomas the Tanner) to both peoples, with the result that many were baptized. They also devised and taught a written language for the Huns and with the help of an Armenian bishop, taught also agricultural methods and skills. Timeline See also History of Christianity History of the Roman Catholic Church History of the Eastern Orthodox Church History of Christian theology Christian martyrs History of Oriental Orthodoxy Ante-Nicene Period Church Fathers List of Church Fathers Christian monasticism Patristics Great Church Development of the New Testament canon Christianization History of Calvinist-Arminian debate Timeline of Christianity Timeline of Christian missions Timeline of the Roman Catholic Church Chronological list of saints in the 4th century Notes References Gerberding, R. and J. H. Moran Cruz, Medieval Worlds (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004) Richards, Jeffrey. The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476–752 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) Further reading R. T. Meyer, St. Athanasius: The Life of Anthony, ACW 10 (Westminster, Maryland: Newman Press 1950) Chitty, D. J. The Desert a City (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1966) MacMullen, Ramsay, Christianizing the Roman Empire, AD 100–400 Yale University Press (paperback, 1986 ) Trombley, Frank R., 1995. Hellenic Religion and Christianization c. 370–529 (in series Religions in the Graeco-Roman World) (Brill) Fletcher, Richard, The Conversion of Europe. From Paganism to Christianity 371–1386 AD. London 1997. Esler, Philip F. The Early Christian World. Routledge (2004). . Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan. The Christian Tradition: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600). University of Chicago Press (1975). . External links Links to 4th century background information plus original language texts and translations, major creeds and canons etc. at earlychurchtexts.com Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Christian Origins Guide to Early Church Documents Chart of Church Fathers at ReligionFacts.com Church Fathers' works in English edited by Philip Schaff, at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Church Fathers at Newadvent.org Faulkner University Patristics Project A growing collection of English translations of patristic texts and high-resolution scans from the comprehensive Patrologia compiled by J. P. Migne. Primer on the Church Fathers at Corunum Fourth-Century Christianity 04
François de Labat (1697–1780) was a French economist. 1697 births 1780 deaths French economists
A ship and a shore establishment of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Flying Fox, after the racehorse Flying Fox. was a 24-class sloop launched in 1918. She was transferred to the Royal Naval Reserve in 1920 as a drill ship, and remained in this role until sold for scrapping in 1973. is the Bristol base of the Royal Naval Reserve. It was originally formed in 1924 aboard the sloop, having previously been aboard the drill ship . It closed as a Reserve unit in 1940, becoming a training centre for Mine Defence Courses until 1945. It reopened as a Reserve unit in 1946, and the name Flying Fox was allocated to the Severn Reserve in 1951. The division moved onshore in 1972, and is currently operational. Royal Navy ship names
The 2022 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from March 8 to 13, 2022 at Bob Suter's Capitol Ice Arena in Middleton, Wisconsin. The championship featured twenty-five teams that played in a triple knockout format, which qualified eight teams for the championship round. From there, four teams advanced to the four team page playoff round. The winning team, Becca and Matt Hamilton, represented the United States at the 2022 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Geneva, Switzerland. Teams The teams competing in the 2022 championship were: Knockout brackets Source: A event B event C event Knockout results All draw times listed in Central Time (UTC-06:00). Draw 1 Tuesday, March 8, 9:00 am Draw 2 Tuesday, March 8, 12:30 pm Draw 3 Tuesday, March 8, 4:00 pm Draw 4 Tuesday, March 8, 7:30 pm Draw 5 Wednesday, March 9, 9:00 am Draw 6 Wednesday, March 9, 12:30 pm Draw 7 Wednesday, March 9, 4:00 pm Draw 8 Wednesday, March 9, 7:30 pm Draw 9 Thursday, March 10, 10:00 am Draw 10 Thursday, March 10, 1:00 pm Draw 11 Thursday, March 10, 4:00 pm Draw 12 Thursday, March 10, 7:30 pm Draw 13 Friday, March 11, 11:00 am Draw 14 Friday, March 11, 3:00 pm Championship round Draw 15 Friday, March 11, 7:00 pm Draw 16 Saturday, March 12, 11:00 am Playoffs 1 vs. 2 Saturday, March 12, 3:00 pm 3 vs. 4 Saturday, March 12, 3:00 pm Semifinal Saturday, March 12, 7:00 pm Final Sunday, March 13, 11:00 am References United States National Curling Championships Curling in Wisconsin United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship 2022 in sports in Wisconsin Curling United States 2022
Candice Mia Daly (January 4, 1966 – December 14, 2004) was an American film and television actress. In the late 1980s and early 1990s she starred in a number of B-movies and cult films such as After Death (1988) and Liquid Dreams (1991). She was at one time engaged to one of her co-stars Brent Huff. Perhaps the role which garnered her the widest audience was psychotic Veronica Landers on American soap opera The Young and the Restless from 1997 to 1998. Work was scarce for Daly after she left The Young and the Restless, and she was found dead in a rundown Los Angeles apartment on December 14, 2004. The cause of death was listed as polydrug intoxication complicated by severe steatohepatitis; although her boyfriend stated that he believes that she was a victim of foul play. Filmography References External links 1966 births 2004 deaths American film actresses American soap opera actresses American television actresses Actresses from Los Angeles 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American women
The Berlin Inn Restaurant and Bakery (or simply the Berlin Inn) was a German restaurant in Portland, Oregon. Description The restaurant operated in a "gasthaus" (converted house) at 12th Avenue and Powell in southeast Portland's Brooklyn neighborhood. Grant Butler of The Oregonian described the old house's interior as "cozy". The menu featured German cuisine and included cheese blintzes, fondue, rouladen, sauerbraten, sausages, schnitzel, and a crispy baked kale salad, as well as German beers and wines. Scrambles with homemade veal sausage were available on the brunch menu. History Karen Brauer was a co-owner of the Berlin Inn, which opened in 1992 and operated for 21 years. Todd Haynes frequented the restaurant. In June 2013, Brauer confirmed plans to close and reopen under a new name, The Brooklyn House Restaurant, but retaining the same staff and European-style dining. The Berlin Inn closed on June 22. The restaurant's general manager Erica Litzner became a co-owner of Brooklyn House Restaurant (or simply Brooklyn House), along with Lisa Samuels. The duo had previously operated the business Eat Here Now Fresh Local Food together. The restaurant's menu featured dairy-free, gluten-free, and vegan "European-style" comfort food. Some former Berlin Inn employees worked at the Brooklyn House, which opened in August 2013. The aesthetic remained similar, according to Walker MacMurdo of Willamette Week. By 2020, sushi chef Albert Chen had opened the restaurant Hamono Sushi in the house which was previously occupied by the Berlin Inn and Brooklyn House, following "a period of inactivity". Reception In 2016, Grant Butler included the Berlin Inn in The Oregonian list of "97 long-gone Portland restaurants we wish were still around", writing: "This Brooklyn neighborhood German restaurant was the place to go if you wanted sausages and schnitzel without a side order of singing waiters and Deutschland kitsch." See also List of defunct restaurants of the United States List of German restaurants References External links The Berlin Inn at Zomato 1992 establishments in Oregon 2013 disestablishments in Oregon Brooklyn, Portland, Oregon Defunct European restaurants in Portland, Oregon Defunct German restaurants in the United States German restaurants in Portland, Oregon Restaurants disestablished in 2013 Restaurants established in 1992
Abd ar-Rahman Gaourang II (also Gaorang or Gwaranga – 1918) was Mbang of Bagirmi from 1885 to 1918. He came to power at a time when the sultanate was in terminal decline, subject to both Wadai and Bornu. The Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr made him his vassal in 1893. Gaourang signed a treaty that made his sultanate a French protectorate in 1897. After the final defeat of Rabih in 1900 he ruled as a subordinate of the French in Chad until his death in 1918. Early years The sultanate of Bagirmi was on the east bank of the Chari to the south of Lake Chad. In the 19th century Bagirmi, once a province of the Bornu Empire to the northwest, was now disputed between Bornu and the Wadai Empire to the northeast. The sultanate at this time was rapidly losing power. It paid tribute, mainly in slaves, to either Bornu or Wadai, or sometimes to both. The main source of income for the people of Bagirmi was slave raiding among the Sara people to the south. Abd ar-Rahman Gaourang was born to the Bagirmi ruling family around 1858. In 1871 Ali, the kolak of the Wadai Empire, captured the Bagirmi capital of Massenya. The Wadai took "weavers, dyers, tailors, saddlers, princes and princesses", including Gaourang. Gaourang was raised at the court of Wadai. In 1883 the sultan Youssouf, who had succeeded Ali, restored Gaourang to his throne. He became the 25th sultan of Baguirmi. In 1886 the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr crossed the Chari, and in 1887 started raiding southern Bagirmi for slaves. Gaourang tried to get the sheikh of Bornu to help him against Rabih, but without success. In 1891 Rabih sent messages to Gaourang asking for open trade and supplies of cloth for his soldiers. Gaourang was hostile due to the way that Rabih had treated his southern vassals, and sent a defiant reply that invited war. Hostilities began at the start of 1893, and Gaourang's forces were beaten in several encounters with Rabih's forces. They made a last stand at Manjaffa, the second capital of Bagirmi, which was besieged for five months of intense struggle. Gaourang appealed for aid to both Bornu and Wadai. The Sheikh of Bornu, Hashimi bin Umar, refused to send help, perhaps because Bagirmi had always resisted paying tribute and perhaps because he wanted to avoid engaging with Rabih. Sultan Yusuf of Wadai, for whom Bagirmi was an important vassal state, and who had lost much territory to Rabih, responded to the appeal. He sent a large force to help Bagirmi, which was destroyed by Rabih's army. Manjaffa capitulated, but Gaourang had escaped. He would be a fugitive for several years. Rabih went on to invade Bornu, helped by leading Mahdists in Bornu and in the neighboring Sokoto Caliphate. French assistance In 1897 the French colonial officer Émile Gentil travelled via the Congo and Ubangi to the Chari, and then to Bagirmi, where he was told that Rabih had been responsible for the death of the explorer Paul Crampel. Gentil met Gaourang and signed a treaty making Bagirmi a French Protectorate. The Sultan was expected to pay taxes to the French, although the treaty was not clear on how they would be raised and what the Sultan would be able to retain for himself. The treaty permitted slave raids on the left bank of the Chari. Dignitaries from Bagirmi and Kuti accompanied Gentil back to France, where Gentil was able to arrange for a military expedition to defend those territories against Rabih. Rabih felt his power was threatened by the French and invaded Bagirmi. He attacked the town of Goulfei, where he massacred almost all the population in punishment for the welcome they had given to Gentil, and threatened Gaourang in his capital of Massenya. Gaourang, pressed by his supporters to abandon France and accept the sovereignty of Rabih, left Massenya and took refuge in Kouno with Pierre Prins, whom Gentil had left with Gaourang as resident. Rabih returned to Dikoa, his capital in Bornu, with more than 30,000 subjects of Gaourang as slaves. The French explorer Ferdinand de Béhagle met Gaourang in Kouno in July 1898. De Béhagle moved on and was received by Rabih at Dikoa on 14 March 1899. At first he was treated well, but the two men soon quarrelled. Rabih wanted to buy de Béhagle's rifles, and when he refused threw him in prison. The former French naval officer Henri Bretonnet was sent to assist Gaourang. He reached Gribingui on 30 March 1899, then moved on to N'Délé where he was the guest of Sultan as-Sanusi for three weeks. Senoussi warned Rabih of the approach of Bretonnet, and Rabih at once began preparing his forces. Bretonnet reached Gaourang at Kouno with a small force of 40 Senegalese at the end of June 1899. Rabih approached with an army of 8,000 men. On 14 July 1899 Bretonnet had to evacuate Kouno which was at once occupied by Rabih. Bretonnet took refuge in the rocks of Togbao. Three days later he and his men were killed at the Battle of Togbao by Rabih's supporters. Gaourang escaped. Ribah ordered the execution of de Béhagle on 15 October 1899. The incident made war between France and Rabih inevitable. Gentil now led the campaign against Rabih. On 29 October 1899 Rabih was defeated in the Battle of Kouno by French forces led by Amédée-François Lamy and Gentil and Shehu Sanda Kura's army from Dikwa, and was forced to flee north. Gaourang promised to join Lamy in an attack on Kousséri, which the French wanted to use as a base for operations against Rabih. The Battle of Kousséri took place on 22 April 1900, and the French won decisively. Ribah was killed, and his head was exhibited in the town. Lamy also died, according to one version by fire from Gaourang's troops. If so, this must have been accidental. With Rabih's defeat the French had connected their colonial possessions in West Africa to the Congo. Vassal of France After Rabih's death Gaourang was allowed to resume sovereignty over a part of his former sultanate, although the French had taken the delta of the Chari. In the treaty of 22 August 1900 Gaourang was invited to contribute to the expenses of occupation. Since his land had been reduced to poverty by Rabih and the Wadai the amount was set at 2,000 loads of beef, or 132 tonnes. In return the French government assured its powerful protection against all Bagirmi's enemies, particularly the Wadai. Gaourang retained some independence, but had to assist the French in their military expeditions. In 1903 Gaourang was forced to sign a treaty agreeing to stop slaving, but for several years continued slave raids on the left bank of the Bahr Ngolo, or arranged the discreet and profitable transfer of slaves from some of the southern chiefs. In 1904 the French administrator Henri Gaden met Gaourang at Tchekna (Massenya). Gaden's first impression was of a generous man he could trust, although he changed his mind more than once in the years that followed. The Sultan had been placed in charge of a force of 50 guards with rapid-fire rifles and 30 cavalry men, mainly employed as couriers. In August 1904 Gaden was invited to meet the Sultan's mother. She turned out to be an old man with a white beard who was performing the functions of the queen mother, who had died some years ago. In September 1904 the Sultan gave Gaden a young leopard as a present. Gaourang had lost income through the reduction of slave trading imposed by the French, who also disapproved of his making eunuchs for sale in Mecca and Istanbul. Gaden refused to accept taxation in the form of slaves or of money earned from slave trading. Eventually an agreement was made to pay tax in kind at so much per hut, cow, sheep or horse, avoiding the subject of slaves. In late December 1905 Gaourang left Tchekna for Fort Lamy, and early in 1906 signed a new treaty that explicitly prohibited raising taxes by slavery. His contribution was reduced to 53 tonnes of beef to provision the garrisons of Tchekna (Masenya), Fort-Bretonnet (Bousso) and Fort de Cointet (Mandjaffa), plus a payment of 1240 thalers. Gaourang was told that his son, who was studying in Brazzaville, was doing well. In February 1911 Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg met Gaourang in Bagmiri. Gaourang was on his way north to pay his respects to Colonel Victor Emmanuel Largeau, Commander of the Military Territory of the Chad. Gaourang died in 1918. He was succeeded as mbang by Mahamat Abdelkader. Notes Sources 1850s births 1918 deaths 19th century in Chad Bornu Empire 19th-century monarchs in Africa
Space Research Corporation was a corporation founded by Gerald Bull, after the budget for his research at Project HARP for the United States and Canadian federal governments was cut in 1967, in order to commercialize the technology of long-range artillery. Project HARP's assets were then given to the newly formed SRC. SRC also focused on a range of artillery systems. Following the supply of arms to South Africa in 1977 in contravention of the UN embargo on the apartheid regime, Bull was jailed and the SRC was liquidated. The main facility of SRC was , straddling the Canada–United States border between Highwater, Quebec, and Jay, Vermont. Affiliated companies included: SRCQ (SRC Quebec); Shefford Electronics Corp (SEC of Granby, Quebec); SRCI; Paragon; PRB (Belgian corporation); and SRCB (SRC Belgium). Background In the mid-1950s, Bull was working on Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) research at the Canadian Armaments and Research Development Establishment (CARDE) when he formulated the idea to launch satellites into orbit using an enormous cannon, which could be significantly more cost-effective at sending objects into space than a conventional rocket. These experiments soon caught the attention of the U.S. Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory who would later support his projects. In 1961, Bull resigned from CARDE and McGill University hired him as a professor. Working together with Donald Mordell, the university's Dean of Engineering, Bull moved forward with his space gun project and requested funding from various sources. In October 1961, Bull met with Charles Murphy, the head of the Ballistic Research Laboratory, to pitch his project for a supergun and was met with overwhelming support. The U.S. Army provided Bull with substantial financial backing and two 16-inch naval gun barrels complete with a land mount and surplus powder charges, a heavy-duty crane, and a $750,000 radar tracking system. Bull and Mordell officially announced the HARP project as a program under McGill University's Space Research Institute at a press conference in March 1962. In 1965, McGill University sponsored the Aeroballistic Laboratory (alternately the McGill Aeroballistic Test Center) at Highwater, Quebec with Dr. Gerald Bull as Director. However, in November 1966, the Canadian government announced that it would pull all Project HARP funding after June 30, 1967. Despite Bull's attempts to resuscitate the program, the Canadian government and U.S Army withdrew their support in 1967, leading to the program's complete termination. Gerald Bull created the Space Research Corporation to salvage his project and Project HARP's assets were given to the newly formed SRC. He established an aerospace science program at Norwich University in Northfield, Vt., in the late 1960's. Artillery exports During the next decade, SRC worked for a number of governments including the People's Republic of China, Chile, Taiwan, and especially South Africa, and SRC contracted with the South African company Armscor. SRC's main product was a modification of the NATO- and U.S.-standard 155.4 mm (6") artillery cannon, the GC-45 howitzer ("GC" stood for "Gun, Canada", 45 for 45-calibre long), firing either NATO-standard 155 mm M107 rounds, or, more typically, a new shell of Bull's own design. The new "pointy" shell, designated ERFB (for extended range full bore), offered considerably better aerodynamics than the original; its spin was moderated by fins on the shell rather than only by rifling in the barrel, and the round was supported in the gun barrel by four aerodynamic nubs allowing the middle of the shell to be elongated and thus reduce drag. The shell was initially spun in the same way as conventional artillery rounds with a driving band towards the base. The result was a gun that could out-range the original by as much as 30%, while at the same time being much more accurate. Standard NATO and US artillery of the time had a range of less than while the GC-45, ERFB combination had a range of . With the innovative base-bleed system developed in Sweden this range could be increased to without loss of accuracy. South African connection The GC-45 work was paid for by the South Africans, but it has been claimed that Bull did the work largely at the urging of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who considered South Africa as a defence against Soviet operations in Angola. Used in South Africa as the G5 howitzer, the new guns were used near the Angolan border in 1986 when South Africa invaded the former Portuguese colony of Angola, in order to assist UNITA. Because the Marxist government of Angola was aided by Cuban troops and Soviet artillery, it was also suggested that the CIA had encouraged the South Africans to invade the country in 1975 at the beginning of the Angolan Civil War. The G5 howitzers were instrumental in securing success in Angola, although wider strategic considerations led to South Africa's eventual withdrawal. Arms embargo Although the 1977 United Nations mandatory arms embargo prohibited the export of arms to South Africa, Bull's SRC supplied the apartheid regime with gun barrels and 30,000 shells, worth more than $30 million. Due to the ANC support by the Soviet Union, the CIA were said to have encouraged the deal and the shipment on the MV Tugelaland was with the co-operation of Israeli Military Industries. U.S. Customs initially considered prosecuting as many as 15 people involved but decided to indict just Bull and his partner, Rogers Gregory. Bull pleaded guilty, expecting a fine, but was angered when during 1980 he was imprisoned for four months. The effect of his guilty plea meant that the court did not hear any evidence of the suspected U.S. government collusion concerning these arms exports to South Africa. As a result of the arms embargo violation, however, SRC was liquidated. The company was subsequently re-incorporated in Brussels where Bull managed it for several years. He was murdered during 1990, it is commonly conjectured by MOSSAD. Gun development After the Canadian site was abandoned, a cannon was found there measuring in length, surmised to be the longest in the world. Footnotes References Adams, James. Bull's Eye: The Assassination and Life of Supergun Inventor Gerald Bull. New York: Times Books, 1992. . Frontline: "Gerald Bull: The Man Who Made the Supergun" Grant, Dale. Wilderness of Mirrors: The Life of Gerald Bull. Scarborough, Ont.; Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1991. . Lowther, William. Arms and the Man: Dr. Gerald Bull, Iraq and the Supergun. Presidio Press, 1991. Former defense companies of the United States Defunct companies based in Vermont Troy, Vermont
Alger républicain (Republican Algeria, الجزائر الجمهورية) is an Arabic language Algerian newspaper published in Algeria. History and profile Alger républicain was founded in October 1938, and intermittently published ever since. In its initial phase the paper declared itself as "the honest newspaper of the honest people". It is close to the Algerian communist movement, without having been an official party publication. However, the movement controlled the paper in the past. The paper was edited by the French-Algerian communist and anti-colonial activist Henri Alleg from 1951, as a major daily newspaper. Despite censorship and confiscation of copies by the French authorities, it had become perhaps the largest daily in Algeria at independence in 1962, having featured a number of prominent writers and journalists, including Albert Camus and Kateb Yacine. Alger républicain was banned in 1965 by the government of Houari Boumédiène, but later refounded by Alleg and others in exile. In 1994, it ceased regular publication, but has since returned under Alleg's editorship, and is now on sale in Algeria again. Notable journalists Ali Dilem Fodil Mezali Kateb Yacine Mohamed Benchicou Mohamed Hassaïne Saïd Mekbel References 1938 establishments in Algeria Newspapers published in Algeria Arabic-language newspapers Newspapers established in 1938 Arabic communist newspapers
Clavidesmus heterocerus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Buquet in 1852. It is known from Paraguay and Brazil. References Onciderini Beetles described in 1852
The Hammond Gazette was a weekly newspaper that was first published on November 17, 1862 in Point Lookout, Maryland. The paper was initially published by Charley Greer. George Everett, White Commander of Company D in the 38th United States Colored Troops (USCT) stationed at Point lookout, eventually succeeded him and published the paper for the majority of its run. Publication The Gazette was created for the staff and patients of Hammond General Hospital, a military facility at Point Lookout during the Civil War. The paper took its name from the hospital where it was printed, which was in turn named for Surgeon General William A. Hammond. It served to treat the wounded of both sides of the war, but later also served as a prison camp for confederate prisoners in the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was the first paper to be issued during the Civil War from a military hospital. In 1955, its remaining issues were described as composing the largest file of record for military hospital newspapers, containing 95 issues from November 17, 1862, to September 7, 1864. There were a total of 19 military hospital newspapers during the Civil War, five of which were published in or around the Washington, D.C., area. The paper contained poetry, humor, war news, current events, local news, lists of those in the hospital, and fiction—including a number of pieces about President Abraham Lincoln—among other topics. It served as a way for those recuperating at the hospital to maintain a connection with the world around them. Many patients would send clippings of the paper to their friends and family as ways of keeping them informed. It was also a political instrument, which derided the copperhead—anti-war Democrats—as "a professional growler" and complainer, and called for increased political violence against Southerners in the war. While the hospital at one point had some 1900 patients, the number dropped to a couple hundred over time, and creative writing became the bulk of its issues. It contained only modest amounts of advertising, and reported on Lincoln's July 28, 1863, visit to Point Lookout. References Newspapers published in Maryland 1862 establishments in Maryland Defunct newspapers published in Maryland Newspapers established in 1862 Publications disestablished in 1864
This is a summary of the electoral history of Harry Holland, Leader of the Opposition, (1926–28; 1931–33) Leader of the Labour Party (1919–33) and Member of parliament for Grey (1918–19) and Buller (1919–33). Parliamentary elections New South Wales 1901 election 1907 election Australia 1901 election 1910 election New Zealand 1914 election 1918 Wellington North by-election 1918 Grey by-election 1919 election 1922 election 1925 election 1928 election 1931 election Leadership elections 1919 leadership election 1920 leadership election 1921 leadership election 1922 leadership election 1923 leadership election Notes References Holland, Harry
Nihal Chand Chauhan also known as Nihal Chand Meghwal (born 4 February 1971) is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. Early life Nihal Chand was born to Bega Ram Chauhan, a two-time M.P of Ganganagar and Surji Devi into Meghwal community. He completed B.A from Shri Nehru S.P Evening College at Bikaner, Rajasthan. He married Jyoti Chauhan in 1992. Political career In 1995, at the age of 24, Nihal Chand was elected as the "Panchayat Director" of Nanuwala, Sardarpura Bika and Bagicha. He was also elected as the pradhan (chief) of the Raisinghnagar panchayat committee. In 1996, he became the youngest Member of Parliament (MP) from Rajasthan at the age of 25. He was elected to the 11th Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of India) on a BJP ticket from Ganganagar. In the next general election in 1998, he was defeated by Shankar Pannu of Congress. After his defeat in the general election, Nihal Chand contested the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections. He was declared as BJP's candidate from Raisinghnagar. However, just before the elections, BJP formed an alliance with Haryana Rastriya Lokdal (HRLD), and gave that seat to HRLD. Nihal Chand was asked to withdraw his candidature, but he refused to do so. As a result, BJP expelled him. Contesting on the BJP election symbol, Nihal Chand won the seat and became an MLA from Raisinghnagar. Subsequently, Nihal Chand won the 1999 and 2004 general elections from Ganganagar as a BJP candidate. In 2008, he lost the Assembly elections to Daulat Raj of Congress from Raisinghnagar. In 2009, he lost the Indian general elections to Bharat Ram Meghwal of Congress. In 2014, he defeated Bhanwarlal Meghwal of Congress on the same seat. He served as a Minister of state (MOS) in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Narendra Modi from May 2014 to July 2016. Controversy In 2011, Nihal Chand's name appeared as one of the 17 accused in a police FIR. The complainant, a woman from Sirsa, Haryana, alleged that her husband Om Prakash Godara had drugged her and then let his associates rape her in Jaipur. After a year of investigation, the police closed the case in 2012, calling the charges as false and fabricated. The woman approached the trial court, which accepted the police report and dismissed the protest petition filed by her. The woman then approached the district court, which also dismissed the charges. In 2014, a few days after Nihal Chand was made the minister, the complainant went in for revision, following which the district court issued notices to Nihal Chand and 16 others, asking them to respond to the court. This caused a controversy, with the opposition party Congress demanding Nihal Chand's resignation. BJP refused to oblige, pointing out that Nihalchand was given a "clean chit" in the case when Congress was in power in Rajasthan. References 1971 births Living people Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan India MPs 1996–1997 India MPs 1999–2004 India MPs 2004–2009 India MPs 2014–2019 India MPs 2019–present People from Sri Ganganagar Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan Narendra Modi ministry
The current flag of Billings, Montana, United States, is a "Canadian-like" triband of very dark blue and white with the city seal on the central white panel. The seal shows the Billings skyline line-drawn in blue, with a red disc representing the sun. The seal is outlined in blue with the text "Star of the Big Sky Country" in red capitals. It was designed by Fernando Méndez and adopted in June 1986. History On February 3, 1986, the Billings city council approved a citywide contest to design a new flag and seal with a $500 prize for each with a deadline set for May 15. The two contests drew 66 total entries and were won by Fernando Méndez, an immigrant from the Philippines who worked part-time as an art director for a local advertising firm. He was paid $1,000 for his work and the flag was adopted by the city government. In 2004, the North American Vexillological Association conducted an internet survey of 150 city flags across the US. Billings' flag ranked 106th place out of 150 flags. It received 3.35 points on a 0-10 scale, or D+ rating. References Flag Flags of cities in Montana Canadian pale flags Flags introduced in 1986 1986 establishments in Montana
Kars is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects three members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system. Members Population reviews of each electoral district are conducted before each general election, which can lead to certain districts being granted a smaller or greater number of parliamentary seats. As a small electoral district, Kars's seat allocation has always been low. It was last reduced to three MPs in 1999. General elections 2011 June 2015 November 2015 2018 2023 Presidential elections 2014 References Electoral districts of Turkey Politics of Kars Province
The Studio was the name of a small artists' loft commune formed in 1975 by four comic book artists/commercial illustrators/painters in Manhattan's Chelsea district. These artists were Barry Windsor-Smith, Jeff Jones, Michael Kaluta, and Bernie Wrightson — known colloquially as the "Fab Four". The purpose of The Studio was to provide the group with a space where they could pursue creative products outside the constraints of comic book commercialism. The studio space was a converted machine shop with high ceilings. Industry journalist Tom Spurgeon commented on the broader significance and influence of The Studio in his 2011 obituary of Jones at The Comics Reporter: The legacy of that much talent doing what was collectively very good work at a point of almost monolithic and degrading corporate influence over the kind of art they wanted to do has provided The Studio with a legacy that can be embraced even by those that didn't particularly care for the artists' output. The idea of a dedicated workplace that would allow for coercive influence one artist to another has been carried over into very nearly ever cartoonists' collective space initiative since. By 1979, the "Fab Four" had produced enough material to issue an art book under the name The Studio, which was published by Dragon's Dream. That same year the members of The Studio moved on to independent projects and separate work spaces. See also Upstart Associates Fab Four References External links Information about The Studio at BarryWindsor-Smith.com Communes American artist groups and collectives Comics groups and collectives Culture of Manhattan Chelsea, Manhattan 1975 establishments in New York City
Külsővat is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary. External links Street map (Hungarian) Populated places in Veszprém County
The 2017 ANZ Premiership season was the inaugural season of Netball New Zealand's ANZ Premiership. All matches were broadcast on Sky Sport (New Zealand). With a team coached by Reinga Bloxham, captained by Wendy Frew and featuring Gina Crampton, Jhaniele Fowler-Reid, Shannon Francois, and Jane Watson, Southern Steel finished the 2017 season as inaugural ANZ Premiership winners. After finishing the regular season unbeaten and as minor premiers, Steel defeated Central Pulse 69–53 in the grand final. This saw Steel complete a 16 match unbeaten season. The top three teams from the season – Steel, Pulse and Northern Mystics qualified for the 2017 Netball New Zealand Super Club. Transfers Head coaches and captains Notes Marianne Delaney-Hoshek replaced Sue Hawkins as Mainland Tactix coach on 24 April. Pre-season tournament In March 2017, Central Pulse and Netball Central hosted the official ANZ Premiership pre-season tournament at Te Wānanga o Raukawa in Ōtaki. All six teams participated in the three day tournament. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Notes 40 minute game, 4 x 10 minute quarters. Regular season Round 1 The regular season began with a Super Sunday event hosted at Claudelands Arena. There were wins for the host team, Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic and for Central Pulse and Southern Steel. Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 6 featured a second Super Sunday event, hosted by Southern Steel at Stadium Southland. Steel remained unbeaten, while Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic and Northern Stars both claimed close wins. Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 The third Super Sunday event was hosted by Northern Mystics at The Trusts Arena. Southern Steel remain unbeaten. Mystics and Central Pulse were the other winners on the day. Round 13 Final ladder Finals Series Elimination final Grand final Award winners Season statistics References 2017 2017 in New Zealand netball
In the first decade of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), a number of provincial clubs were full administrative members of the association, but never played enough games against other clubs to be considered relevant in the premiership. These clubs were active from the first VFA season in 1877 until. Notably, a number of 'junior teams' also competed alongside senior sides. Almost all of these clubs folded after a single season, however a number still exist to this day and compete in local football leagues, including three in the Bendigo Football Netball League. List of provincial clubs References Australian rules football in Australia History of Australian rules football Australian rules football-related lists Victorian Football League
Magsingal, officially the Municipality of Magsingal (; ) is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 31,308 people. Etymology The name of the municipality came from the term "Mayisingal," an Ilocano term which means "to be moved." It was applied when the belltower was moved from a previous location to its current site. Captain Juan de Salcedo had a hand in founding the municipality. But before he reached the current site of the poblacion, he came to a village called Malongon, about one-half kilometer to the south. The leader of the village refused Salcedo's request to establish a municipality there, but suggested that he establish the town a half kilometer north of the village, and the belltower be moved to that site, hence the origin of the town's name. History Itnegs were the original inhabitants of the place when Salcedo arrived. He worked for the conversion of the people to Christianity, but not all accepted the new faith. Those who refused conversion fled the town and settled east of Bantay Bul-lagaw (Bul-lagaw Mountain). Geography Magsingal is from Metro Manila and from Vigan City, the provincial capital. It is bordered by the municipality of San Juan to the north, Santo Domingo and Bantay to the south, and Langiden, Abra to the east. Barangays Magsingal is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. Alangan Bacar Barbarit Bungro Cabaroan Cadanglaan Caraisan Dacutan Labut Maas-asin Macatcatud Namalpalan Manzante Maratudo Miramar Napo Pagsanaan Norte Pagsanaan Sur Panay Norte Panay Sur Patong Puro (Puro Pinget) San Basilio (Poblacion) San Clemente (Poblacion) San Julian (Poblacion) San Lucas (Poblacion) San Ramon (Poblacion) San Vicente (Poblacion) Santa Monica Sarsaracat Climate Demographics In the 2020 census, Magsingal had a population of 31,308. The population density was . Economy Government Local government Magsingal, belonging to the first congressional district of the province of Ilocos Sur, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. In 1945, the first duly elected municipal mayor via landslide vote was Hon. Policarpio Cortez Jurado. Elected officials Education Saint William's Institute - a privately funded educational institution run by the Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres The Magsingal Institute - a private highschool Magsingal National High School- a public highschool Manzante National Highschool - a public high school References External links Philippine Standard Geographic Code Philippine Census Information Local Governance Performance Management System Municipalities of Ilocos Sur
Sydney-Lang, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, was created in 1894 and abolished in 1904. Election results Elections in the 1900s 1901 Elections in the 1890s 1898 1895 1894 References New South Wales state electoral results by district
Borrel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Amédée Borrel (1867–1936), French biologist who was born in Cazouls-lès-Béziers Andrée Borrel (1919–1944), French heroine of World War II Cleopatra Borrel (born 1979), female shotputter from Trinidad and Tobago José Borrel Tudurí Josep Borrell (born 1947), Spanish and EU politician Wilfred II Borrel, count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 897 to 911 See also Borel (disambiguation) Borrell (disambiguation)
```python from c7n_azure.provider import resources from c7n_azure.query import ChildResourceManager, ChildTypeInfo from c7n_azure.utils import ResourceIdParser @resources.register('servicebus-namespace-networkrules') class ServiceBusNamespaceNetworkrules(ChildResourceManager): """Azure Service Bus Namespace Network Ruleset Resource :example: Returns Service Bus Namespace Network Ruleset resources .. code-block:: yaml policies: - name: basic-servicebus-namespace-networkrule resource: azure.servicebus-namespace-networkrules """ class resource_type(ChildTypeInfo): doc_groups = ['Events'] service = 'azure.mgmt.servicebus' client = 'ServiceBusManagementClient' enum_spec = ('namespaces', 'list_network_rule_sets', None) parent_manager_name = 'servicebus-namespace' default_report_fields = ( 'name', 'location', 'resourceGroup' ) resource_type = 'Microsoft.ServiceBus/namespaces' @classmethod def extra_args(cls, parent_resource): return { 'resource_group_name': ResourceIdParser.get_resource_group(parent_resource['id']), 'namespace_name': parent_resource['name'] } ```
James Alan Bouton (; March 8, 1939 – July 10, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. Bouton played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a pitcher for the New York Yankees, Seattle Pilots, Houston Astros, and Atlanta Braves between 1962 and 1978. He was also a best-selling author, actor, activist, sportscaster and one of the creators of Big League Chew. Bouton played college baseball at Western Michigan University, before signing his first professional contract with the Yankees. He was a member of the 1962 World Series champions, appeared in the 1963 MLB All-Star Game, and won both of his starts in the 1964 World Series. Later in his career, he developed and threw a knuckleball. Bouton authored the 1970 baseball book Ball Four, which was a combination diary of his 1969 season and memoir of his years with the Yankees, Pilots, and Astros. Amateur and college career Bouton was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Gertrude (Vischer) and George Hempstead Bouton, an executive. He grew up as a fan of the New York Giants in Rochelle Park, New Jersey, where he lived until the age of 13. He lived with his family in Ridgewood, New Jersey until he was 15, when his family relocated to Homewood, Illinois. Bouton enrolled at Bloom High School, where he played for the school's baseball team. Bouton was nicknamed "Warm-Up Bouton" because he never got to play in a game, serving much of his time as a benchwarmer. Bloom's star pitcher at that time was Jerry Colangelo, who later would become owner of the Arizona Diamondbacks and Phoenix Suns. In summer leagues, Bouton did not throw particularly hard, but he got batters out by mixing conventional pitches with the knuckleball that he had experimented with since childhood. Bouton attended Western Michigan University, and pitched for the Western Michigan Broncos baseball team. He earned a scholarship for his second year. That summer, he played amateur baseball, catching the attention of scouts. Yankees scout Art Stewart signed Bouton for $30,000. Professional career Bouton signed with the Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1959. After playing in minor league baseball, Bouton started his major league career in 1962 with the Yankees, where his tenacity earned him the nickname "Bulldog." By this time, he had developed a formidable fastball. He also came to be known for his cap flying off his head at the completion of his delivery to the plate, as well as for his uniform number 56, a number usually assigned in spring training to players designated for the minor leagues. (Bouton later explained that he had been assigned the number in 1962 when he was promoted to the Yankees, and wanted to keep it as a reminder of how close he had come to not making the ball club. He wore number 56 throughout most of his major league career.) Bouton appeared in 36 games (16 starts) during the 1962 season, going 7–7 with two saves and a 3.99 ERA. He did not play in the Yankees' 1962 World Series victory over the San Francisco Giants, although he had originally been slated to start Game 7. When the game was postponed a day because of rain, Ralph Terry pitched instead. Bouton went 21–7 and 18–13 in the next two seasons, and appeared in the 1963 All-Star Game. In Game 3 of the 1963 World Series, Don Drysdale of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a three-hit shutout in a 1–0 victory, while Bouton gave up just four hits in seven innings for the Yankees. The only run scored in the first inning on a walk, wild pitch and single by Tommy Davis that bounced off the pitching mound. Bouton won both his starts in the 1964 World Series. He beat the St. Louis Cardinals 2–1 with a complete-game six-hitter on October 10 on a walk-off home run by Mickey Mantle, then won again on October 14 at Busch Stadium, 8–3, backed by another Mantle homer and a Joe Pepitone grand slam. He was 2–1 with a 1.48 ERA in three career World Series starts. Bouton's frequent use by the Yankees during these years (he led the league with 37 starts in 1964 in addition to pitching in that year's World Series) probably contributed to his subsequent arm troubles. In 1965, an arm injury slowed his fastball and ended his status as a pitching phenomenon. Relegated mostly to bullpen duty, Bouton began to throw the knuckleball again, in an effort to lengthen his career. He was 1–1 in 12 appearances when his contract was sold on June 15, 1968, by the Yankees to the Seattle Pilots before the expansion franchise ever played a game. He was assigned to the Seattle Angels for the remainder of the campaign.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19680617&id=Y8JGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eukMAAAAIBAJ&pg=781,3640855 "Major League Teams Beat Clock with Last-Minute Trading Spurt," Schenectady (NY) Gazette, Monday, June 17, 1968.] Retrieved February 17, 2023.</ref> In October 1968, Bouton joined a committee of American sportsmen who traveled to the 1968 Summer Olympics, in Mexico City, to protest the involvement of apartheid South Africa. He was used almost exclusively out of the bullpen by the Pilots in 1969. On May 16, he pitched three hitless innings of relief without allowing a run against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park. The Pilots scored six in the top of the 11th inning to earn him the win, even though other Seattle relievers gave five runs back in the bottom of the 11th. Bouton earned another win in July against the Red Sox with 1 innings of relief, again not allowing a hit. Over 57 appearances with the Pilots, he compiled a 2–1 record with a 3.91 ERA. The Pilots traded him to the Houston Astros in late August, where Bouton was 0–2 with a 4.11 ERA in 16 appearances (one start). Ball Four Around 1968, sportswriter Leonard Shecter, who had befriended Bouton during his time with the Yankees, approached him with the idea of writing a season-long diary. Bouton agreed; he had taken some notes during the 1968 season with a similar goal. The diary that became Ball Four chronicled Bouton's experiences the next year with the Pilots. The diary also followed Bouton during his two-week stint with the triple-A Vancouver Mounties in April, and after his trade to the Houston Astros in late August. Ball Four was not the first baseball diary (Cincinnati Reds pitcher Jim Brosnan had written two such books), but it became more widely known and discussed than its predecessors. The book was a frank, insider's look at professional sports teams, covering the off-the-field side of baseball life, including petty jealousies, obscene jokes, drunken tomcatting of the players, and routine drug use, including by Bouton himself. Upon its publication, baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn called Ball Four "detrimental to baseball", and tried to force Bouton to sign a statement saying that the book was completely fictional. Bouton, however, refused to deny any of Ball Four's revelations. Some teammates never forgave him for disclosing information given to him in confidence, and naming names. The book made Bouton unpopular with many players, coaches, and officials on other teams as well; he was informally blacklisted from baseball. Bouton's writings about Mickey Mantle's lifestyle were most notorious, though they comprise few pages of Ball Four and much of the material was complimentary. For example, when Bouton got his first shutout win as a Yankee, he describes Mantle laying a "red carpet" of white towels leading directly to Bouton's locker in his honor. The controversy and book sales enabled Bouton to write a sequel, I'm Glad You Didn't Take It Personally, in which he discussed both the controversies and reactions to Ball Four, and the end of his original pitching career and his transition to becoming a New York sportscaster. Retirement Bouton retired midway through the 1970 season, shortly after the Astros sent him down to the minor leagues. After a handful of unsatisfactory appearances, Bouton left baseball to become a local sports anchor for New York station WABC-TV, as part of Eyewitness News; he later held the same job for WCBS-TV. In 1973, Bouton published a collection of manager tales, including one by Bouton himself about Joe Schultz his manager with the Seattle Pilots. Bouton also became an actor, playing the part of Terry Lennox in Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), plus the lead role of Jim Barton in the 1976 CBS television series Ball Four, which was loosely adapted from the book. The show was canceled after five episodes. Decades later, Bouton would also have a brief one-line cameo as a pitching coach in the 2010 James L. Brooks film How Do You Know. By the mid-1970s, a cult audience saw the book Ball Four as a candid and comic portrayal of the ups and downs of baseball life. Bouton went on the college lecture circuit, delivering humorous talks on his experiences. He authored a sequel, I'm Glad You Didn't Take It Personally, and later updated the original book with a new extended postscript that provided a ten-year update, dubbed Ball Five. Return Bouton launched his comeback bid with the Portland Mavericks of the Class A Northwest League in 1975, compiling a 5–1 record. He skipped the 1976 season to work on the TV series, but he returned to the diamond in 1977 when Bill Veeck signed him to a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. Bouton was winless for a White Sox farm club; a stint in the Mexican League and a return to Portland followed. In 1978, Ted Turner signed Bouton to a contract with the Atlanta Braves. After a successful season with the Double-A Savannah Braves of the Southern League, he was called up to join Atlanta's rotation in September, and compiled a 1–3 record with a 4.97 ERA in five starts. His winding return to the majors was chronicled in a book by sportswriter Terry Pluto, The Greatest Summer. Bouton also detailed his comeback in a 10th anniversary re-release of his first book, titled Ball Four Plus Ball Five, as well as adding a Ball Six, updating the stories of the players in Ball Four, for the 20th anniversary edition. All were included (in 2000) as Ball Four: The Final Pitch, along with a new coda that detailed the death of his daughter and his reconciliation with the Yankees. After his return to the majors, Bouton continued to pitch at the semi-pro level for a Bergen County, New Jersey team called the Emerson-Westwood Merchants, among other teams in the Metropolitan Baseball League in northern New Jersey, while living in Teaneck, New Jersey. Once his baseball career ended a second time, Bouton became one of the inventors of "Big League Chew", a shredded bubblegum designed to resemble chewing tobacco and sold in a tobacco-like pouch. He also co-authored Strike Zone (a baseball novel) and edited an anthology about managers, entitled I Managed Good, But Boy Did They Play Bad (published 1973). His most recent book is Foul Ball, a non-fiction account of his attempt to save Wahconah Park, a historic minor league baseball stadium in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The book was released in 2003 and later updated in 2005. Although Bouton had never been officially declared persona non grata by the Yankees or any other team as a result of Ball Fours revelations, he was excluded from most baseball-related functions, including Old-Timers' Games. It was rumored that Mickey Mantle himself had told the Yankees that he would never attend an Old-Timers' Game to which Bouton was invited. Later, Mantle denied this charge during an answering-machine message to Bouton after Mantle's son Billy had died of cancer in 1994 – Mantle was acknowledging a condolence card Bouton had sent. On June 21, 1998 (Father's Day) Bouton's oldest son Michael wrote an open letter to the Yankees, which was published in The New York Times, in which Michael described the agony of his father following the August 1997 death of Michael's sister Laurie at age 31, with Michael wishing that the Yankees would invite Bouton to their Old Timers Game on July 25 (he noted Yogi Berra's decision to not participate in the game as long as George Steinbrenner was owner, but he cited it as just as petty for Berra to spite Steinbrenner as it is for Steinbrenner to spite Bouton). Not long after, the Yankees elected to invite him to the Old Timers Game. On July 25, 1998, Bouton, sporting his familiar number 56, received a standing ovation when he took the mound at Yankee Stadium. Personal life Bouton and his first wife Bobbie had two children together, Michael and Laurie, and adopted a Korean orphan, Kyong Jo. Kyong Jo later changed his name to David. Bobbie and Bouton divorced in 1981. In 1983, Bouton's ex-wife teamed up with Nancy Marshall, the former wife of pitcher Mike Marshall, to write a tell-all book called Home Games. In response to the book's publication, Bouton commented: We all have the right to write about our lives, and she does, too. If the book is insightful, if it helps people, I may be applauding it. I'm sure most of the things she says are true. I smoked grass, I ran around, I found excuses to stay on the road. It got so bad that I smoked grass to numb myself. It took me a year to where my brain worked again. I no longer think of grass as harmless. We were in the death throes of a marriage. She should ask herself how did she not see these things. In 1997, Laurie was killed in a car accident at age 31. Bouton later married Paula Kurman. They had six grandchildren. In 2012, Bouton had a stroke that did not impair him physically but damaged his memory and speaking. Bouton promoted the Vintage Base Ball Federation to form vintage clubs and leagues internationally, to codify the rules and equipment of its 19th-century origins, and to organize competitions. Bouton was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention for George McGovern. Bouton died at home on July 10, 2019, after weeks of hospice care for cerebral amyloid angiopathy, at age 80. WritingsBall Four has been through numerous significantly revised editions, the most recent being Ball Four: The Final Pitch, Bulldog Publishing. (April 2001), .I'm Glad You Didn't Take It PersonallyI Managed Good, But Boy Did They Play Bad – edited and annotated by Bouton, compiled by Neil Offen.Foul Ball, Bulldog Publishing. (June 2003), .Strike Zone'', Signet Books. (March 1995), (with Eliot Asinof). See also List of knuckleball pitchers References External links 1939 births 2019 deaths 20th-century American memoirists Alacranes de Durango players Amarillo Gold Sox players American League All-Stars American diarists American expatriate baseball players in Canada American expatriate baseball players in Mexico American male non-fiction writers Atlanta Braves players Auburn Yankees players Baseball players from Chicago Baseball players from Newark, New Jersey Greensboro Yankees players Houston Astros players Journalists from Illinois Kearney Yankees players Knoxville Sox players Knuckleball pitchers Major League Baseball pitchers Mexican League baseball pitchers New Jersey Democrats New York (state) television reporters New York Yankees players Oklahoma City 89ers players People from Chicago Heights, Illinois Sportspeople from Ridgewood, New Jersey People from Rochelle Park, New Jersey Sportspeople from Teaneck, New Jersey Baseball players from Bergen County, New Jersey Portland Mavericks players Savannah Braves players Seattle Angels players Seattle Pilots players Syracuse Chiefs players Television anchors from New York City Vancouver Mounties players Western Michigan Broncos baseball players Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Acacia harpophylla, commonly known as brigalow, brigalow spearwood or orkor, is an endemic tree of Australia. The Aboriginal Australian group the Gamilaraay peoples know the tree as Barranbaa or Burrii. It is found in central and coastal Queensland to northern New South Wales. It can reach up to tall and forms extensive open-forest communities on clay soils. Description The tree is root-suckering and has hard, furrowed and almost black coloured bark. The glabrous or hairy branchlets are angular at extremities. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The coriaceous, sericeous and evergreen phyllodes have a falcate shape with a length of and a width of and have many closely parallel nerves with three to seven of the nerves are more prominent than the others. When it blooms, between July and October, it produces condensed inflorescences in groups of two to eight on racemes, usually appearing as axillary clusters. The spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain 15 to 35 golden coloured flowers. After flowering crustaceous and glabrous seed pods form that are subterete and straight to slightly curved. The pods are raised over and constricted between seeds and have a length of up to and a width of with longitudinal nerves. The soft, dull, brown coloured seeds within the pods are arranged longitudinally and have an oblong or broadly elliptic shape and are flattened but thick with a length of and have a filiform funicle. Distribution and habitat Two species, brigalow (A. harpophylla) and gidgee (A. cambagei) form open woodlands on flat and gently undulating terrain on heavy and relatively fertile clay and clay-loam soils primarily in the 300-700mm annual rainfall region of Eastern Australia. These woodlands extend from a northern extreme of 20° S into northern New South Wales. Brigalow and gidgee occur as mixed communities in some regions and are commonly associated with several other woody species, including overstorey species such as Eucalyptus coolabah, E. cambageana, Casuarina cristata, and a range of understorey species. A. tephrina, A. georginae and A. argyrodendron also occupy similar habitats and have similar habits and growth forms, but are less widespread, while a number of other Acacia species also form structurally similar communities. Brigalow occurs from coastal regions receiving in excess of rainfall per year through to the semi arid rainfall region although it is primarily a semi-arid zone species. Gidgee (A. cambagei) replaces brigalow as rainfall drops in western regions and extends from . Gidgee, with a maximum height of approximately is somewhat smaller than brigalow which can attain heights of . In the north-western regions black gidgee (A. argyrodendron) replaces brigalow in many areas, while in Central-Western districts Boree (A. tephrina) forms woodlands and shrublands, frequently on cracking clay soils and often in association with A. cambagei. Georgina gidgee (A. georginae) woodlands are found in more arid regions in the rainfall belt. In New South Wales it is found from around Roto in the south, to around Hungerford in the west and Willow Tree in the east along the Great Dividing Range. In Queensland it is found as far north as Townsville. Taxonomy The species was first formally described by the botanist George Bentham in 1864 as part of the work Flora Australiensis. It was reclassified as Racosperma harpophyllum by Leslie Pedley and transferred back the genus Acacia in 2001. The type specimen was collected from around Rockhampton. The specific epithet is in reference to the falcate shape of the phyllodes on the tree. Response to fire Species associated with these brigalow communities generally have a good capacity for re-sprouting following fire, and brigalow itself sprouts freely from the butt, roots and living stems in response to fire damage. Both gidgee and blackwood, in contrast, have a limited capacity to resprout following fire damage. A notable exception to the fire tolerance of brigalow communities occurs in what are referred to as softwood scrubs, which are dense communities of brigalow and a range of particularly fire-sensitive species. Fire in any brigalow or gidgee woodland would be a rare event under natural circumstances, since pasture is at best sparse in these communities, consisting of Chloris, Paspalidium, Dicanthium, Sporobolus and Eragrostis species. See also List of Acacia species References harpophylla Flora of Queensland Flora of New South Wales Fabales of Australia Drought-tolerant trees Trees of Australia Bushfood Plants described in 1864 Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
```c // 2017 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. /* ****************************************************************************** * * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. * ****************************************************************************** * * FILE NAME : testTimezone.c * * Date Name Description * 03/02/2006 grhoten Creation. ****************************************************************************** / #include "unicode/putil.h" #include "unicode/ucnv.h" #include "unicode/uloc.h" #include "unicode/ures.h" #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, const char const argv[]) { UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR; ures_close(ures_open(NULL, NULL, &status)); if (status != U_ZERO_ERROR) { printf("uloc_getDefault = %s\n", uloc_getDefault()); printf("Locale available in ICU = %s\n", status == U_ZERO_ERROR ? "true" : "false"); } if (strcmp(ucnv_getDefaultName(), "US-ASCII") == 0) { printf("uprv_getDefaultCodepage = %s\n", uprv_getDefaultCodepage()); printf("ucnv_getDefaultName = %s\n", ucnv_getDefaultName()); } return 0; } ```
Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (JST Hospital; ), is a large public teaching hospital in Beijing, focusing mainly on orthopaedics and burn surgery. Founded in 1956, the hospital now has around 1000 beds. Its performance in medical care, teaching and researching led to it becoming the Fourth Medical College of Peking University. The hospital now has 200 doctors and 2200 other staff. The hospital has fully equipped departments of orthopaedics, spine surgery, adult joint reconstructive surgery, orthopaedic trauma, hand surgery, paediatric orthopaedics, bone tumor, sports medicines and burn surgery. Some departments of the hospital are ranked among the leading positions in China, in particular orthopaedics and burn surgery. Special units based at the hospital include Beijing Bone and Arthropathy Research Center, Beijing Traumotology and Orthopaedics Research Center, Beijing Hand Surgery Research Center, Beijing Burn Surgery Research Center and Post Operative Total Joint Arthroplasty Evaluation Center. The first Orthopaedics Training Center was established on 27 April 2001. Since its foundation, the hospital has won five state-level scientific awards. References Hospital buildings completed in 1953 Hospitals in Beijing Hospitals established in 1956
Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Dr. George Chan Hong Nam (; born 24 September 1936), is the former Deputy Chief Minister of Sarawak, state Industrial Development Minister and state Tourism and Heritage Minister. He is now the former member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly for Piasau, Miri after having lost his seat to the Democratic Action Party in the 2011 Sarawak State Election. He is also former President of the Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), a major component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional after having no interest to seek presidential election. Dr George Chan, who was the deputy chief minister, ended up Barisan Nasional's biggest casualty when DAP first-timer Alan Ling Sie Kiong turned giant-killer in Piasau. The defeat marks one of the 2 biggest upset in Sarawak State election 2011. After losing state election in his constituency, he had sent a resignation letter to the party but was asked by the central committee members to stay on until the party's Triennial Delegates Conference (TDC) which was held recently in December 2011. Ling, a lawyer, polled 5,998 votes to Dr Chan's 4,408 to win by a 1,590-vote majority. Personal life Dr. Chan is divorced from his American wife of Irish descent, Datin Patinggi Puan Sri Judith Chan. The couple has four daughters. One of their daughters, Anisa Chan is married to Sarawak Chief Minister Pehin Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud's son Datuk Seri Sulaiman Abdul Rahman. Dr. Chan received his primary education in Miri at St. Joseph's Primary School and his secondary education in Kuching at St. Joseph's Secondary School Kuching. After his senior Cambridge examination he left for Australia under the Colombo Plan scholarship to do his Medicine at the University of Sydney and graduated with an MBBS in 1963. Dr. Chan married Datin Patinggi Puan Sri Datuk Wira Lorna Enan Muloon, the adopted daughter of the late Dato Sri Joseph Balan Seling in 2009, in a private ceremony. They have often been seen together at public functions. Honours Honours of Malaysia : Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1979) Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - Tan Sri (2000) : Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) - Dato Sri (1990) Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA) - Datuk Amar (1998) Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) - Datuk Patinggi (2005) References External links SUPP Profile: George Chan Hong Nam Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak Kawasan Pilihanraya: N.63 PIASAU Living people 1936 births Sarawak politicians Malaysian medical doctors Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak Malaysian politicians of Chinese descent Officers of the Order of the Defender of the Realm Sarawak United Peoples' Party politicians Knights Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak Chan Hong Nam, George Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia Recipients of the Civil Administration Medal (Sarawak) University of Sydney alumni Members of the Dewan Rakyat Members of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Deputy Chief Ministers of Sarawak
The Men's -81 kg competition at the 2010 World Judo Championships was held at 10 September at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan. 79 competitors contested for the medals, being split in 4 Pools where the winner advanced to the medal round. Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D Repechage Finals References Results External links Official Site M81 World Judo Championships Men's Half Middleweight
Kafi ( (Gurmukhi), (Shahmukhi), Hindi: काफ़ी, Urdu: کافی, Sindhi:ڪافي) is a classical form of Sufi music mostly in the Siraiki, Punjabi and Sindhi languages and originating from the Punjab, and Sindh regions in the Indian subcontinent. Some well-known Kafi poets are Baba Farid, Bulleh Shah, Shah Hussain, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Sachal Sarmast and Khwaja Ghulam Farid. This poetry style has also lent itself to the Kafi genre of singing, popular throughout South Asia, especially Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. Over the years, both Kafi poetry and its rendition have experienced rapid growth phases as various poets and vocalists added their own influences to the form, creating a rich and varied poetic form, yet through it all it remained centered on the dialogue between the Soul and the Creator, symbolized by the murid (disciple) and his Murshid (Master), and often by lover and his Beloved. The word Kafi is derived from the Arabic qāfiya (قافية) meaning 'rhyme'. The genre is said to be derived from the Arabic poetry genre, qasidah, a monorhyme ode that is always meant to be sung, using one or two lines as a refrain that is repeated to create a mood. Kafi poetry is usually themed around heroic and great romantic tales from the folkfore, often used as a metaphor for mystical truths, and spiritual longing. Kafi singing In musical terms, kafi refers to the genre of Punjabi and Sindhi classical music which utilizes the verses of kafi poets such as Bulleh Shah and Shah Hussain. Kafi music is devotional music, normally associated with the Sufi orders or Tariqah of Islam in South Asia, and was sung by dervishes or fakirs (Islamic mendicants), solo or in groups, as an offering to their murshid, spiritual guide. It is characterized by a devotional intensity in its delivery, and as such overlaps considerably with the Qawwali genre. Just like Qawwali, its performances often took place at the dargahs (mausoleums) of various Sufi saints in the region. However, unlike Qawwali, the musical arrangement is much simpler and may only include one harmonium, one tabla, one dholak and a single vocalist. The emphasis remains on the words rather than the music itself, since the central aim of Kafi music is to convey the essence of the mystical lyrics. The central verse is often repeated. There are no fixed styles of singing of Kafi. Traditionally dervishes in Sindh used instruments like yaktaro, a one-stringed plucked instrument, and wooden clappers, chappars, though many contemporary singers have chosen their own variations Rise of Kafi singing Some of the early notable exponents of this form in the 1930s, when classical singing became highly popular, were Ustad Ashiq Ali Khan of the Patiala gharana, who used the dhrupad style in his rendition of Sindhi Kafis, and his contemporary in Sindhi kafi singing, Ustad Allahdino Noonari, who used the fusion form. Kafi has gained a higher profile in the West in the late 20th century, thanks to the Pakistani singer Abida Parveen, who, like qawwali maestro Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, has performed in front of the Western audiences. Sanam Marvi from Hyderabad is another singer and vocalist, performing Kafi based Sufi songs. References Sufi music Sufi poetry Indian poetics Pakistani styles of music Punjabi poetry Pakistani poetics
Ungenach is a municipality in the district of Vöcklabruck in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Population References Cities and towns in Vöcklabruck District
Alexander Olof Bernhardsson (born 8 September 1998) is a Swedish football striker who plays for Elfsborg. Career Bernhardsson made his full international debut for Sweden on 9 January 2023, playing for 90 minutes in a friendly 2–0 win against Finland. Career statistics International References External links 1998 births Living people Swedish men's footballers Sweden men's international footballers Men's association football forwards Jonsereds IF players Örgryte IS players IF Elfsborg players Superettan players Allsvenskan players

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