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The 2004 Sinai bombings were three bomb attacks targeting tourist hotels in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, on 7 October 2004. The attacks left 34 people dead and 171 injured.
The bombings
The explosions occurred on the night of 7 October, against the Hilton Taba and campsites used by Israelis in Ras al-Shitan (see in Hebrew). In the Taba attack, a truck drove into the lobby of the Taba Hilton and exploded, killing 31 people and wounding some 159 others. Ten floors of the hotel collapsed following the blast.
Some south, at campsites at Ras al-Shitan, near Nuweiba, two more sites were targeted. A car parked in front of a restaurant at the Moon Island resort exploded, killing two Israelis and a Bedouin. Twelve were wounded. Another blast happened moments later, targeting the Baddiyah tourist camp, but no one was hurt, apparently because the bomber had been scared off by a guard and did not enter the crowded resort.
Of the 34 who were killed, 18 were Egyptians, 12 were from Israel, two from Italy, one from Russia, and one was an Israeli-American.
The investigation
According to the Egyptian government, the bombers were Palestinians who had tried to enter Israel to carry out attacks there but were unsuccessful. They claimed that the mastermind, Iyad Saleh, recruited Egyptians and Bedouins to find explosives to be used in the attacks. Beginning in March 2004, the bombers used washing machine timers, mobile phones and modified gas cylinders to build the bombs. They used TNT and old explosives found in the Sinai (as it was many times a war zone), which were purchased from Bedouins, to complete the bombs. Egypt has said that Saleh and one of his aides, Suleiman Ahmed Saleh Flayfil, died in the Hilton blast, apparently because their bomb timer had run out too fast.
Three Egyptians, Younes Mohammed Mahmoud, Osama al-Nakhlawi, and Mohammed Jaez Sabbah were sentenced to death in November 2006 for their roles in the blast. Egypt arrested up to 2,400 people following the attacks.
The initial investigations by the Israeli and Egyptian governments centered on al-Qaeda, with Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom saying "The type, the planning, the scope, the simultaneous attacks in a number of places, all this points to al-Qaeda". However, Egyptian Presidential Spokesman Majid `Abd al-Fatah later stated that there was no evidence linking the organisation to the attack, instead claiming it was the work of a lone wolf driven by "injustice, aggression and despair" over the Israeli-Palestine conflict.
Aftermath
Israel had warned in September 2004 that terrorists were planning attacks in the Sinai, but most Israelis did not heed those warnings and went on vacation there instead. Many Israelis left the Sinai after the bombings, along with some foreign tourists, but the effects on the country's tourism were not too severe.
Militants struck again in Cairo at tourists in April 2005, killing three and wounding several. Similar attacks took place in resorts in Sharm el-Sheikh in July 2005 and in Dahab in 2006.
On 9 May 2006, Egyptian security forces shot dead Nasser Khamis el-Mallahi, leader of the terrorist cell. The shootout took place in Al-Arish, where el-Mallahi and Abu Jarair are native.
See also
April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks
2006 Dahab bombings
Ras Burqa massacre
References
External links
Blasts Hit 3 Egyptian Resorts Popular With Israelis – The New York Times, 8 October 2004
27 people killed in 3 bombings – The New York Times, 8 October 2004
Al-Qaeda suspected in attacks at resorts in Egypt – USA Today, 7 October 2004
Dozens killed in bomb blasts at Sinai resorts – The Guardian, 8 October 2004
Terror bombings hit Taba and Ras a-Satan in Sinai 7-Oct-2004 – Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Mass murder in 2004
Terrorist incidents in Egypt in 2004
2004 in Egypt
Explosions in 2004
Suicide bombings in Egypt
Terrorist attacks attributed to Palestinian militant groups
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2004
Suicide car and truck bombings in Egypt
Terrorist incidents in the Sinai Peninsula
Attacks on hotels in Asia
Hotel bombings
October 2004 events in Asia
Massacres in Egypt
South Sinai Governorate |
Hello Darling is a 1975 Indian Malayalam film, directed by A. B. Raj and produced by R. S. Sreenivasan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi, Sudheer, Bahadoor, Adoor Bhasi and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.
Cast
Prem Nazir as Venu
Jayabharathi as Syamala
Sudheer as Rajesh
Bahadoor as Appukuttan
Adoor Bhasi as Padmarajan
Sankaradi as Pachu Pilla
Mallika Sukumaran as Leela
Meena as Kochunarayani
Rani Chandra as sumithra
Sreelatha Namboothiri as Latha
Jagathy Sreekumar as Vijayan
Alummoodan as Harshan Pilla
Manavalan Joseph as Mahadevan
Jose Prakash as Krishna Kumar
Paravoor Bharathan as Sekhar
Khadeeja as Kamalabhai
Prathapachandran as Police officer
Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by Vayalar.
References
External links
1975 films
1970s Malayalam-language films |
Marina di Casalvelino, also spelled Casalvelino Marina, is a southern Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Casal Velino, a municipality in the province of Salerno, Campania. With a population of 1,263 (2009), it is the most populated hamlet of its municipality.
History
The village, located next to the ruins of the Ancient Greek city of Velia, grew in population and urban expansion in the last decade of the 20th century, thanks to the tourism in the Cilentan Coast.
Geography
Marina di Casalvelino is a seaside village located by the Tyrrhenian Coast, in Cilento, and spans on a plain between the mouth of Alento river to the east, and the surrounding mountains to the west. It is 4 km from Casal Velino, Velia and Pioppi, 7 from Acquavella, 8 from Ascea and 20 from Vallo della Lucania.
Transport
The port of Marina is served by the hydrofoil's line MM6W Naples-Sorrento-Marina di Camerota, part of a local passenger ferry network named Metrò del Mare. The village is also crossed by the national highway SS 267.
Gallery
See also
Cilentan dialect
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
References
External links
Frazioni of the Province of Salerno
Localities of Cilento |
Cassava (Manihot esculenta, manioca in French language) production is important to the economy of the Republic of the Congo as it is its prime crop. The importance of cassava consumption is reflected in the country's popular song, "The Congolese Love Cassava". It is consumed in several forms, and marketed as paste, cossettes, foufou (flour), and chikwangue. As a staple food crop, cassava is grown in most parts of the country, except the southern region where the crops grown are banana and plantains. Cassava and yams are the primary subsistence crops grown in the country's valleys, with farmers producing five harvests per year. The Republic of the Congo, as of 1996, was the world's second largest consumer of cassava after Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Production
Cassava is the country's main food. Cassava production and consumption have generally matched since the early 1990s. In 1999, cassava accounted for 90% of the country's food output. In 2008, the production reported was 1.09 million tons. However, in recent years production is said to have exceeded consumption. Rural consumption of cassava is far more than the urban consumption, more than double; chikwangue is the preferred variety. Cassava leaves, known as saka-saka or mpondu are used as a substitute in recipes for other greens such as collard, kale, spinach, or turnips. The country occupies 28th position in the ranking of cassava producing countries and its share in total world production is only 0.05%, which in 2013, was 1.25 million tons grown in an area of 160,000 ha.
Private sector participation
In order to bring better food security in the country private sector participation through a project titled "Cassava value chain development program" was mooted in 2009; this linkage is proposed to strengthen the efforts of the World Bank (WB), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) working in the country. It was estimated that the business potential in such a venture could be of the order of US$174 million. Such an investment could achieve an annual cassava production rate of 242,000 tons.
Processing and derivatives
Southern Congo's Bouenza region produces cassava surpluses and has the potential for an industrial cassava value chain. The Mantsoumba factory closed in the 1990s and this potential remains untapped as of 2020.
In the Republic of Congo, cassava processing remains largely artisanal. Cooperatives located in Yamba district process cassava tubers into gari and attiéké using equipment originally designed in West Africa, including mechanical grinders and presses. The 'ProManioc' initiative implemented by the World Food Program with funding from the European Union is disseminating improved techniques.
In the same area, women's groups produce mbala pinda, a cassava and peanut bar. Fresh cassava and peanut butter are mixed, wrapped in leaves and steamed. Chilies and dried fish are added. The mbala pinda are sold at markets and at the roadside. The product has been made in Southern Congo for more than 100 years, dating back to colonial times.
References
Bibliography
Agriculture in the Republic of the Congo
Republic |
William Vivanco (born October 6, 1975, in Santiago de Cuba) is a Cuban composer and musician. Vivanco learned to play guitar by visiting Casa de la Trova on Calle Heredia in Santiago de Cuba. He busked in the streets and performed with a professional children's choir.
Vivanco first came to Havana when he was 23 years old. He made his first solo album, Lo Tengo To' Pensa'o, a mix of Brazilian music, pop, and reggae, under the Bis Music label in 2002. His most well-known song is "Cimarrón" (meaning "one who lives on mountaintops"). The song refers to African slaves who ran away from their Spanish masters.
In 2006, Vivanco recorded his second solo album, La Isla Milagrosa, produced by Descemer Bueno and Roberto Carcassés. As of recent, Vivanco's music style has emulated the traditional music of Santiago de Cuba as opposed to pop and funk styles.
Vivanco has performed at the Les Transmusicales de Rennes Festival (2003), Paleo Festival de Nyon (2004) and Les Nuits du Sud festival in Vence, France (2005) as well as the night of Les Nuits de Fourvière in Cuba.
Discography
2002: Lo Tengo To' Pensa'o
2006: La Isla Milagrosa
2009: El Mundo Está Cambia'o
2016: Mejorana
2018: La isla milagrosa (Remasterizado)
2020: Trece Con Magia
References
Video interview of William Vivanco on Havana-Cultura
External links
http://www.planete-aurora.com/en-vivanco/a.php
https://www.nme.com/video/id/kYyewB0iMyc/search/vivanco
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x4by5d_william-vivanco-el-pilon_music
https://web.archive.org/web/20100329045703/http://www.cubaabsolutely.com/music/contemporary.htm
Cuban composers
Male composers
Cuban male singer-songwriters
Cuban singer-songwriters
1975 births
Living people
Cuban male musicians |
The 2012 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics (Spanish: XV Campeonato Iberoamericano de Atletismo) was the fifteenth edition of the international athletics competition between Ibero-American nations. It was held at the Polideportivo Máximo Viloria in Barquisimeto, Venezuela between 8–10 June. Twenty-five nations and a total of 398 athletes participated at the competition.
Initially set to be held in the country's capital Caracas, the competition was moved to Maracay in April 2011. The Venezuelan Sports Ministry had not committed any funds for the event. As a result, the president of the Venezuelan Athletics Federation, Wilfredy León, rescheduled the event following the promise of the Aragua state governor Rafael Isea to help build a new stadium for the championships. However, the new stadium and purpose-built accommodation for the event were not ready within schedule. The event was postponed from May to June, but the project remained off-target and in May 2012 Héctor Rodríguez, the Venezuelan Sports Minister, declared that the competition would be held in Barquisimeto (the host of the 2003 South American Championships).
The highlight performances were two South American records by Brazilians in the women's section. Andressa de Morais threw a record in the discus throw and Lucimara da Silva's heptathlon score was also a Championship record. Barquisimeto native Rosa Rodríguez also set a championship record in the women's hammer throw, while Colombia's James Rendón was the only man to break a competition record, bettering the 20,000 metres walk time.
Argentine thrower Germán Lauro won both the men's shot put and discus events. Ecuador's Álex Quiñónez was the only other athlete to take two individual titles (100 m and 200 m), although Evelyn dos Santos came close by winning the 200 m and finishing second in the 100 m. Becoming one of the oldest gold medallists at the competition, 39-year-old Romary Rifka, who first participated in 1988, won the women's high jump. Brazil, which sent the largest delegation, topped the medal table with fourteen gold medals and a total of 44 overall. Cuba (leaders in 2010) came second with eight golds and eighteen medals. Colombia was third, on six golds, and the hosts Venezuela performed well on home turf, taking fourth place in the table and ten medals from the competition. In addition to the two area records, eleven national records were broken during the competition.
Medal summary
Men
Women
Medal table
Participating nations
Twenty-four members of the Asociación Iberoamericana de Atletismo sent athletes to the event. The level of athlete participation (362 in total) was relatively high compared to previous years although non-American countries representation was rather poor. Aruba participated for the first time. The five member nations not competing were Andorra, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe.
(2)
(24)
(1)
(3)
(70)
(10)
(32)
(3)
(24)
(19)
(18)
(8)
(21)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(12)
(2)
(16)
(4)
(63)
References
Results
IbAmC Barquisimeto VEN 8 - 10 June 15th Campeonato Iberoamericano de Atletismo. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 2012-06-12.
External links
Official website
Results
Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
Ibero-American
Ibero-American
Sport in Barquisimeto
International athletics competitions hosted by Venezuela
Ath
June 2012 sports events in South America |
The Saltburn Cliff Lift is a funicular railway in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It provides access to Saltburn Pier and the seafront from the town. The cliff lift is the oldest operating water-balance cliff funicular in the United Kingdom.
The Lift, constructed between 1883 and 1884, replaced an 1870 vertical cliff hoist. It has a height of and a track length of , resulting in a 71 per cent incline. A pair of 12-person cars, each fitted with a water tank, run on parallel tracks; by removing or adding the water to their tanks, movement is achieved, regulated by a brakeman at the top.
The original cars have been replaced with aluminium counterparts and the top station restored, but little of the underlying mechanism has been changed since it was installed. Owned since the Second World War by the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and its predecessors, the lift remains in regular use between March and October each year. It is one of Saltburn's most popular tourist attractions. Reportedly, the service was being used by an estimated 150,000 passengers per year by the twenty-first century.
Cliff hoist 1870–1883
On 17 August 1861, the Stockton and Darlington Railway arrived in Saltburn from Redcar. Its passenger services prompted considerable growth in the numbers of day trippers and holiday travellers. The boom in tourism stimulated local businesses to capitalise on the new demand, resulting in various new ventures and projects, including Saltburn Pier, which was completed during 1869. Access to the pier from the town via the steep cliff top was relatively difficult and there was a demand for the provision of a better means of reaching it.
The Saltburn Pier Company contracted John Anderson, who had designed the pier, to engineer a solution. He designed the wooden cliff hoist. The hoist, in a tapering lattice timber tower, was moved using water power. A balance tank attached to the wooden lift cage was filled or emptied, For stability, ropes were run inside the tower between the cliff top and beach level.
On 1 July 1870, the cliff hoist was opened, roughly 14 months after the pier. Passengers approached the hoist top via a narrow walkway supported on timber trestles jutting from the cliff face, boarded the cage and descended . Movement was achieved by adding water to its counterbalance tank. To achieve movement in the other direction, water was drained from the tank.
Cliff lift 1884–present
Background
Following the sale of Saltburn Pier Company to the Middlesbrough Estate in August 1883, the new owners commissioned an inspection of the Cliff Hoist by independent engineers. The inspection led to the structure being condemned because of rotten timbers. The lift had developed a tendency to stop halfway demonstrating its unreliability. It was demolished in late 1883.
The owners commissioned Sir Richard Tangye's company, who had built the earlier Scarborough funiculars, two vertically-inclined water-powered funicular railways, to build a replacement. Tangye appointed the engineer George Croydon Marks as the head of the lift department and he took charge of the design and installation at Saltburn. Marks designed and constructed the funicular with a height of and a track length of , resulting in a 71 per cent incline.
Elements of the Saltburn Cliff Lift were sourced from multiple companies. Most of the machinery was provided from Tangye, the cars were fabricated by the Birmingham-based rolling stock manufacturer Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, and the gas-powered water pump was produced by Manchester-based engineering firm Crossley Brothers.
Design and operational theory
As built, the funicular had a pair of 12-person cars, each of which was equipped with a water tank. They ran on parallel funicular tracks. Double steel wire ropes were attached to both cars, and the car's movement was controlled by a brakeman at the upper station via an iron winding wheel with double grooves for the running cables and a flange for braking.
The car at the top station has its water tank filled until its mass exceeds the mass of the car at the bottom. Then the car can travel down the incline, counterbalanced by the mass of the other car, which travels to the top; movement is regulated by the brakeman, who controls the speed of travel. When the car reaches the bottom, its water is released, reducing the mass of the lower car, and pumped back to the top. Water is sourced from a nearby spring and stored in a pair of reservoirs, one, capable of storing up to 136,380 litres, is near the lower station, and the other, up to 84,100 litres, is at the cliff top.
Operations
Saltburn Cliff Lift first opened on Saturday 28 June 1884, but there followed a period of inconsistent operation. The launch of the Cliff Lift may have contributed to the pier company extending the pier.
The original cars, which seated 12 passengers, had stained-glass windows but when the Cliff Lift was refurbished during 1955, the replacement car bodies had plain glass. The aluminium cars introduced during 1979 were modelled on the original design. The stained-glass windows were reinstated in 1991. The wooden bodies of the passenger cars were refurbished and "Victorianised" during 2011 by Stanegate Restorations of Haltwhistle.
The tramway was purchased in 1939 by the Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea Urban District Council, who replaced the car bodies in 1955, and it is still owned by the local authority (currently the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council). Marks' design for the cliff lift was so good that, that beyond routine maintenance and the occasional refurbishment, little of the mechanism has been changed since its installation during 1884. During winter 1921-2, the track gauge was changed from 3' 9" to 4' 2 1/2". In 1924, an AC electrically-operated water pump was installed to replace the 1913 DC generator and pump arrangement, which had earlier replaced the coal gas-fuelled four-cylinder Crossley-built internal combustion engine-driven water pump.
Between 1997 and 1998, the cliff lift was refitted to comply with modern safety standards. During 1998, the main braking wheel was replaced for the first time by a hydraulic braking system to complement the original band braking/driving system. From 19 September 2010 to 11 April 2011, the funicular underwent restoration, reportedly costing around £30,000. In spring 2014, the top station was refurbished and restored it to its original design. During late 2017 and early 2018, the cliff lift was closed for a £500,000 restoration programme following an in-service breakdown; mechanical elements were replaced including all sleepers which were changed to steel to prolong the life along with repairs to the existing sleeper concrete supports, rails, cast iron items which were re-cast at a local foundry from the original components, emergency Scotch Timber braking system along with electric control systems and some lighting. During its refits and restoration, an emphasis has been placed on retaining original parts; where replacement items have been necessary, they have usually been created in the style of their forebears.
The cliff lift closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite all Covid restrictions being fully eased across England on 19 July 2021, Redcar and Cleveland Council decided not to reopen the cliff lift for the 2021 season, stating that they decided to keep it closed due to Covid safety fears, instead deciding to use the time to give the cliff lift an overhaul, which meant that tourists would only see the tramcars in action during the maintenance tests. Although initially planned to reopen for Easter 2022, the cliff lift reopening was delayed due to an issue with the safety system found during routine maintenance tests. The lift reopened on 2 June 2022, in time for the Queen's Platinum Jubilee Bank Holiday Weekend.
See also
List of funicular railways
References
External links
Saltburn - Local Community Website
Council website
BBC Tees feature on the Saltburn Cliff Lift, including audio narrative of operations
Buildings and structures in Redcar and Cleveland
Transport in Redcar and Cleveland
Funicular railways in the United Kingdom
Railway lines opened in 1884
Works by George Croydon Marks
Water-powered funicular railways
Saltburn-by-the-Sea |
Earl of Effingham, in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, created in 1837 for Kenneth Howard, 11th Baron Howard of Effingham, named after the village of Effingham, Surrey, where heads of the family owned the manor.
This branch of the House of Howard stems from the naval commander and statesman Lord William Howard, senior son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk from his second marriage to Agnes Tylney. William served as Lord High Admiral of England, as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Privy Seal. In 1554 he was created Baron Howard of Effingham in the Peerage of England after leading the defence of London against Wyatt's rebellion. His son and successor was better known to history as Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, after being granted that title in 1596. He was Lord High Admiral from 1585 to 1618 and served as commander-in-chief of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1603 his eldest son and heir apparent William Howard (1577–1615), was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Howard of Effingham. He predeceased his father.
The titles of the Earl of Nottingham passed to a younger son, the second Earl. He represented Bletchingley, Surrey and Sussex in the House of Commons and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey. He was childless and was succeeded by his half-brother, the third Earl. On his death in 1681 the earldom became extinct.
The barony descended to the most senior male heir, who was a first cousin twice removed, who became the fifth Lord Howard. He was the great-grandson of Sir William Howard (d. 1600), a younger son of the first Baron: this Lord Howard of Effingham served as Governor of Virginia from 1683 to 1692.
His eldest son, the sixth Baron, died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the seventh Baron, a prominent military commander. In 1731 he was made Earl of Effingham in the Peerage of Great Britain. His grandson, the third Earl, served under William Pitt the Younger as Master of the Mint from 1784 to 1789 and was Governor of Jamaica from 1789 to 1791. He died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the fourth Earl. On his death in 1816 the earldom became extinct.
The barony descended to a third cousin, the eleventh Baron. He was the grandson of Lieutenant-General Thomas Howard, a son of George Howard, younger brother of the fifth Baron. Lord Howard of Effingham was a General in the Army. In 1837 the earldom of Effingham was revived when he was made Earl of Effingham, in the County of Surrey, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented Shaftesbury in Parliament as a Whig from 1841 to 1845. The titles descended from father to son until the death of his grandson, the fourth Earl, in 1927. He never married and was succeeded by a first cousin, the fifth Earl, the son of Captain the Hon. Frederick Charles Howard (1840–1893), second son of the second Earl. His eldest son, the sixth Earl, died childless in 1996. He was succeeded by his nephew David, the seventh Earl, who died in 2022, being succeeded by his son, the 8th earl (born 1971), the present holder of the titles.
Another member of this branch of the Howard family was Field Marshal Sir George Howard active in the mid-18th century. He was the son of the aforementioned Lieutenant-General Thomas Howard and the brother of Henry Howard, father of Kenneth Alexander Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham.
The family seat in the 21st century is Readings Farmhouse, near Blackmore End, Essex.
Barons Howard of Effingham (1554)
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham (1510–1573)
Charles Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham (1536–1624) (created Earl of Nottingham in 1596)
Earls of Nottingham (1596)
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham (1536–1624)
William Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham (1577–1615)
Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, 3rd Baron Howard of Effingham (1579–1642)
Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, 4th Baron Howard of Effingham (1610–1681)
Barons Howard of Effingham (1554; reverted)
Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham (1643–1695)
Thomas Howard, 6th Baron Howard of Effingham (1682–1725)
Francis Howard, 7th Baron Howard of Effingham (1683–1743; created Earl of Effingham in 1731)
Earls of Effingham, first creation (1731)
Francis Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham (1683–1743)
Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham (1714–1763)
Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham (1746–1791)
Richard Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham (1748–1816)
Barons Howard of Effingham (1554; reverted)
Kenneth Alexander Howard, 11th Baron Howard of Effingham (1767–1845; created Earl of Effingham in 1837)
Earls of Effingham, second creation (1837)
Kenneth Alexander Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham (1767–1845)
Henry Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham (1806–1889)
Henry Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham (1837–1898)
Henry Alexander Gordon Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham (1866–1927)
Gordon Frederick Henry Charles Howard, 5th Earl of Effingham (1873–1946)
Mowbray Henry Gordon Howard, 6th Earl of Effingham (1905–1996)
David Peter Mowbray Algernon Howard, 7th Earl of Effingham (1939–2022)
Edward Mowbray Nicholas Howard, 8th Earl of Effingham (born 1971)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Frederick Henry Charles Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham (born 2007).
See also
Howard family
Duke of Norfolk
Earl of Carlisle
Earl of Suffolk (1603 creation)
Earl of Berkshire (1626 creation)
Baron Lanerton
Viscount Fitzalan of Derwent
Baron Howard of Penrith
Baron Howard of Escrick
Baron Stafford (1640 creation)
Baron Howard de Walden
References
Attribution
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
External links
1731 establishments in Great Britain
1816 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1837 establishments in the United Kingdom
Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain
Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1731
Noble titles created in 1837 |
Suresvara Mahadeva temple, also known as Byamokesvara temple, is located in the Tala bazaar market complex, Old Town of Bhubaneswar, the capital of the state of Orissa, India. The temple is located in front of the Lingaraj Temple across the road in the left side of the eastern gateway at a distance of 10.00 m. The temple faces towards the west. It is a living temple and the enshrined deity is a Siva lingam with a circular yonipitha at the centre of the sanctum. At present the sanctum is 1.50 m below the present road level. It is a recently recovered temple that had been buried. It was built in 10th century AD. The temple is maintained by the local shopkeepers.
Significance
The locals ascribe the temple to the Kesharis (Somavamsis). Festivals like Maha Shivratri or Sivaratri, Sankranti, Jalabhisheka etc. are observed.
The Temple
The temple is surrounded by shops on the northern and southern sides, residential buildings to the east and the road to the west. Except the entrance on the west the entire temple is buried up to the baranda portion of the bada. Hence the ground plan of the temple could not be ascertained. However it is pancharatha in plan with a central raha and pairs of anuratha and kanika pagas on either side of the raha. There are five flights of steps leading down into the sanctum which is 1.50 m below the present road level. In elevation, the vimana is of rekha deul and measures 7.00 m in height from baranda to mastaka. The gandi measures 5.00 m and the mastaka measures 2.00 m in height.
The gandi is devoid of any sculptural embellishment. During the renovation work red coloured wash has been given to the temple. The doorjambs are decorated with three vertical bands and the river goddesses are usually found in the upper part of the door frame on either side of the navagraha slab. The doorjamb measures 1.72 m high x 1.30 m wide. Ganga is found on the right side of the doorframe and Yamuna in the left. They stand over their respective vehicles with their outside hand on the thigh and the uplifted inside hand holding a vase as in the examples in the Muktesvara compound. Their hair is stylistically depicted and their faces are illuminated by an identical soft and warm smile. Both are associated with dwarf-attendants. At the base of the doorjamb Saivite dvarapala are found on either side, whose upper parts only are visible.
In the lalatabimba there is a Gaja-lakxhmi image. The deity is holding two lotuses in her two hands over which elephants are standing on either side. The architrave above the doorjambs measuring 1.85 m is carved with the navagrahas. Ketu is depicted as a full figure on his knees as seen in the Tirthesvara temple.
The building material used for the construction of the temple is coarse grey sandstone. The construction technique is dry masonry and the style is Kalingan. The river goddesses are found in the upper part of the doorjamb. This is an exception in the temples of Bhubaneswar. Generally they are found at the base of the doorjamb along with the dvarapalas.
See also
List of temples in Bhubaneswar
References
Pradhan, Sadasiba (2009) Lesser Known Monuments of Bhubaneswar. Delhi: Lark
Orkhurda 174
Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar
Architecture in India |
Melvin Howard Miller (July 24, 1939 – March 8, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician.
Life
Miller was born on July 24, 1939, in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from Brooklyn College in 1961 and the New York University School of Law in 1964. Following his admission to the New York bar later that year, he became a member of the New York County Lawyers Association. He also taught at the CUNY Graduate Center and at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
He was a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly representing Kings County from 1971 to 1991, and sat in the 179th, 180th, 181st, 182nd, 183rd, 184th, 185th, 186th, 187th, 188th and 189th New York State Legislatures. He was Speaker from 1987 to 1991. He was responsible for the Fiscal Reform Act of 1990.
Conviction
Upon being convicted on 8 out of 19 felony charges in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, he lost the speakership on December 13, 1991 and was replaced by majority leader James R. Tallon as acting speaker until the election of Saul Weprin to the speakership on December 16, 1991.
In the case, which did not involve his work in government, Miller and his Assembly aide and onetime law partner, Jay Adolf, were charged with cheating legal clients out of some of the profits from investments in cooperative apartments. They acknowledged receiving a total of about $250,000 in three deals, but denied defrauding clients. The jury convicted each defendant of six charges of fraud, one of conspiracy and one of using an assumed name, all involving one scheme to secretly buy and resell eight apartments in a Brooklyn building. The jury found that they had deprived their clients of the right to buy the apartments and receive the profits.
Under New York State law, any member of the state legislature convicted of a felony is automatically expelled. Miller immediately lost his seat in the Assembly and position as speaker.
Reversal
In 1993, Miller's convictions were overturned on appeal.
Later career
He was widely recognized as an authority on public finance and the state budgetary process, and as one of the founders of Bolton St Johns, he served as senior consultant to the firm.
Death
He died in Manhattan from lung cancer on March 8, 2019.
Sources
1939 births
2019 deaths
Brooklyn College alumni
Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state)
New York University alumni
Speakers of the New York State Assembly
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Politicians from Brooklyn |
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace ShlinkioTest\Shlink\CLI\Util;
use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use Shlinkio\Shlink\CLI\Util\ProcessRunner;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Helper\DebugFormatterHelper;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Helper\HelperSet;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Helper\ProcessHelper;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
class ProcessRunnerTest extends TestCase
{
private ProcessRunner $runner;
private MockObject & ProcessHelper $helper;
private MockObject & DebugFormatterHelper $formatter;
private MockObject & Process $process;
private MockObject & OutputInterface $output;
protected function setUp(): void
{
$this->helper = $this->createMock(ProcessHelper::class);
$this->formatter = $this->createMock(DebugFormatterHelper::class);
$helperSet = $this->createMock(HelperSet::class);
$helperSet->method('get')->with('debug_formatter')->willReturn($this->formatter);
$this->helper->method('getHelperSet')->with()->willReturn($helperSet);
$this->process = $this->createMock(Process::class);
$this->output = $this->createMock(OutputInterface::class);
$this->runner = new ProcessRunner($this->helper, fn () => $this->process);
}
#[Test]
public function noMessagesAreWrittenWhenOutputIsNotVerbose(): void
{
$this->output->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('isVeryVerbose')->with()->willReturn(false);
$this->output->expects($this->once())->method('isDebug')->with()->willReturn(false);
$this->output->expects($this->never())->method('write');
$this->process->expects($this->once())->method('mustRun')->withAnyParameters()->willReturnSelf();
$this->process->expects($this->never())->method('isSuccessful');
$this->process->expects($this->never())->method('getCommandLine');
$this->helper->expects($this->never())->method('wrapCallback');
$this->formatter->expects($this->never())->method('start');
$this->formatter->expects($this->never())->method('stop');
$this->runner->run($this->output, []);
}
#[Test]
public function someMessagesAreWrittenWhenOutputIsVerbose(): void
{
$this->output->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('isVeryVerbose')->with()->willReturn(true);
$this->output->expects($this->once())->method('isDebug')->with()->willReturn(false);
$this->output->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('write')->withAnyParameters();
$this->process->expects($this->once())->method('mustRun')->withAnyParameters()->willReturnSelf();
$this->process->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('isSuccessful')->with()->willReturn(true);
$this->process->expects($this->once())->method('getCommandLine')->with()->willReturn('true');
$this->formatter->expects($this->once())->method('start')->withAnyParameters()->willReturn('');
$this->formatter->expects($this->once())->method('stop')->withAnyParameters()->willReturn('');
$this->helper->expects($this->never())->method('wrapCallback');
$this->runner->run($this->output, []);
}
#[Test]
public function wrapsCallbackWhenOutputIsDebug(): void
{
$this->output->expects($this->exactly(2))->method('isVeryVerbose')->with()->willReturn(false);
$this->output->expects($this->once())->method('isDebug')->with()->willReturn(true);
$this->output->expects($this->never())->method('write');
$this->process->expects($this->once())->method('mustRun')->withAnyParameters()->willReturnSelf();
$this->process->expects($this->never())->method('isSuccessful');
$this->process->expects($this->never())->method('getCommandLine');
$this->helper->expects($this->once())->method('wrapCallback')->withAnyParameters()->willReturn(
function (): void {
},
);
$this->formatter->expects($this->never())->method('start');
$this->formatter->expects($this->never())->method('stop');
$this->runner->run($this->output, []);
}
}
``` |
Loren Linn AliKhan (born June 24, 1983) is an American lawyer who has served as an associate judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals since 2022. She previously served as the solicitor general of the District of Columbia from 2018 to 2022. In May 2023, she was nominated to become a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Early life and education
AliKhan is the daughter of immigrants from Pakistan. AliKhan received her Bachelor of Arts from Bard College at Simon's Rock in 2003 and her Juris Doctor from the Georgetown University Law Center in 2006.
Legal career
After graduating from law school, AliKhan clerked for Judges Louis H. Pollak of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania from 2006 to 2007 and for Thomas L. Ambro of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 2007 to 2008. She was then a Bristow Fellow in the Office of the Solicitor General of the United States before joining the Washington, D.C. office of O'Melveny & Myers. In 2013, AliKhan joined the Office of the District of Columbia Attorney General as a Deputy Solicitor General. In that role, she represented the District of Columbia's interests in appellate litigation before the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Supreme Court of the United States, and other appellate tribunals.
On March 1, 2018, D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine appointed AliKhan as the District's second solicitor general, succeeding Todd Kim.
Judicial career
D.C. court of appeals service
On September 30, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated AliKhan to serve as an associate judge for the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. President Biden nominated AliKhan to the seat vacated by Judge John R. Fisher, who retired on August 22, 2020. On December 2, 2021, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee. Her nomination was reported to the full Senate on December 15, 2021. On February 2, 2022, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 55–40 vote. On February 8, 2022, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a 55–41 vote. She was sworn in by Chief Judge Anna Blackburne-Rigsby on February 18, 2022.
Nomination to U.S. district court
On May 3, 2023, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate AliKhan to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. On May 4, 2023, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated AliKhan to the seat vacated by Judge Amy Berman Jackson, who assumed senior status on May 1, 2023. On June 7, 2023, a hearing on her nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. During her confirmation hearing, she was repeatedly questioned by Senator John Kennedy over her refusal to give her stance on affirmative action, abortion rights, and other issues. On July 13, 2023, her nomination was reported out of the committee by an 11–10 vote. Her nomination is pending before the United States Senate. If confirmed, she would be the first female South Asian federal judge to serve on the District of Columbia District Court.
References
1983 births
Living people
21st-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American women lawyers
American people of Pakistani descent
Bard College alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Judges of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
People associated with O'Melveny & Myers
People from Baltimore County, Maryland
Solicitors General of the District of Columbia |
James O. Prochaska (born 6 August 1942 - died 9 July 2023) is professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Rhode Island. He is the lead developer of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) beginning in 1983.
Career
James Prochaska was born in Detroit. He earned his B.A. in psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, followed by his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. Degrees (1969) both at Wayne State University. He is the author or co-author of over 400 publications on the dynamics of behavioral change - most of which expand the theory, test the TTM in randomized controlled trials, and defend the TTM.
Selected publications
Prochaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing the traditional boundaries of therapy. Melbourne, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company.
Prochaska, J.O., Norcross, J.C. & DiClemente, C.C. (1994). Changing for Good. New York: Morrow.
Prochaska, J.O., & Norcross, J.C. (2018). Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis (Ninth Edition) UK: Oxford University Press.
Prochaska, J.O., & Prochaska, J.M. (2016). Changing to Thrive. Center City: Hazelden Publishing.
See also his scientific publications list in google scholar.
Awards
Dr. Prochaska has won numerous awards including the Top Five Most Cited Authors in Psychology from the American Psychology Society, an Innovator's Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and was the first psychologist to win the Medal of Honor for Clinical Research from the American Cancer Society. Dr. Prochaska has recently been recognized as one of the three most preeminent living clinical psychologists.
Dr. Prochaska is the principal investigator on over $80 million in research grants for the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. He founded Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. in 1997.
References
21st-century American psychologists
Living people
Wayne State University alumni
University of Rhode Island faculty
1943 births
20th-century American psychologists |
Women's rights in Jammu and Kashmir is a major issue. Belonging to a patriarchal society, they have had to fight inequality and routine discrimination. Since the onset of insurgency in 1988, rape has been leveraged as a popular 'weapon of war' by Indian security forces. Separatist militants have also committed rapes, which remain under-researched but are not comparable in scale to that of the Indian state forces.
Women's rights in Kashmir Valley has major issues as there is harassment of young muslim women participating in sports activities, demands of dowry after marriage, domestic violence incidents, acid attacks on women , and men being generally taken in a higher regard than women. Many small organisations have been formed to struggle for women's rights in Jammu and Kashmir.
Education
J&K's social, economic and political conditions have increased gender disparity in the region, with men dominating its socio-economic and political processes. Women's roles have traditionally been domestic, and women in rural areas do not have access to education. According to a 2011 census, the literacy rate in J&K was 68.74 per cent; literacy among women was 58.01 per cent. The female high-school dropout rate is higher than the male rate, and one out of every three adult women in J&K is unable to read or write (compared with one out of five adult males).
In many rural areas, the birth of a son is celebrated; the birth of a daughter is not. Males are seen as able to get a job and help support a family; females are seen as an expense, since they will marry and leave home.
Article 10 of the United Nations General Assembly's Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women recognises that such gender inequality can be eliminated only by education. The government of Jammu and Kashmir, realising that gender disparity in education must be removed for women in the Kashmir Valley, has begun a number of initiatives. Qualified female teachers are underemployed, however; school infrastructure is poor, and student-teacher ratios are high.
Citizenship
According to the UN General Assembly's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the principle of citizenship operates on the assumption of equality between men and women. In Jammu and Kashmir, however, citizenship is unequal among men and women. If a woman from J&K marries a foreigner, she loses her right to inherit, own or buy immovable property in the state; no such law affects a male in a similar situation. Secularists and ethnic nationalists believe that J&K can survive amid globalization with its identity intact only by protecting Kashmiri culture, and Kashmiri women are discouraged from crossing the cultural threshold; inequality in citizenship is justified as preserving the state.
On 7 October 2002, the Jammu and Kashmir High Court overturned the established legal position. The court ruled that by marrying an outsider, a J&K woman did not lose her permanent-resident status. It was further stated that the original document that had been used as evidence for depriving women of their citizenship did not expressly state so. The decision was contested by the state's political parties, who drafted a bill known as the Daughters Bill or the Permanent Residents' (Disqualification) Bill stripping a woman of permanent resident-status if she married a foreigner. According to law minister Muzaffar Beg, it was "universally accepted that the woman follows the domicile of her husband."
Although the bill was not passed, a similar bill was introduced in March 2010 ostensibly to stave off demographic change; however, the rationale did not address the male role (through intermarriage) in demographic change. That bill was not passed, but it has considerable support.
Role of women in the conflict
In 1989, Kashmiri dissatisfaction with Indian rule led to the Kashmir conflict resulting in the abuse of women in the region According to a report by Human Rights Watch in 1993, the Indian security forces use rape as a method of retaliation against Kashmiri civilians during reprisal attacks after militant ambushes. Professor William Baker states that rape in Kashmir was not the result of a few undisciplined soldiers but an active attempt by the Indian security forces to humiliate and intimidate the Kashmiri population.
When public support of the militancy began to diminish, many militants turned to the political arena; however, the voices of women have not been accorded their rightful place in the dialogues of the Kashmiri conflict and politics. Although women have been the hardest-hit victims of the conflict and have played pivotal roles in separatism and the armed insurgency, their activities are barely mentioned in mainstream narratives of Kashmiri militancy. The media seems uneasy with the idea of female Kashmiri involvement in militancy; when a woman is charged as an overground operative of a militant group, the media swiftly declares her innocent or justifies her.
Dukhtaran-e-Milat
Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DeM) is a women's organisation which was founded in 1981 by Asiya Andrabi. The group's early goal was to educate Muslim women about Islam and make them aware of their rights. Over time, however, it began morally policing women and encouraged them to support militants waging jihad in Kashmir. The group has often had to go underground after the government prohibited its activities. In 1987, the organisation became more political and demanded seats reserved for women on public transport; the government ignored their demands. When the insurgency began in 1988, DeM appealed to women to run their households and support the mujahideen.
According to Andrabi, she has stopped many young women from going to Pakistan for training in armed combat at militant camps. DeM's timeline is full of bans and arrests under the Public Safety Act. DeM can be classified as a radical religious group which uses coercion to impose a conservative version of Islam on Kashmiri women. Its moral-police initiatives primarily target what are considered centres of immorality, including cafes, restaurants and shops selling alcohol and gifts. DeM campaigns for sex segregation and strict gender role based on the five pillars of Islam. Viewing the Kashmir conflict as religious in nature, they seek the unification of J&K with Pakistan. Although DeM has not been proven to engage in direct armed struggle, Andrabi said in an interview that the women might take up arms or become suicide bombers if needed.
Organisations which share DeM's ideology promote a homogenous culture, without the liberties and choices for women which are traditionally an integral part of the Kashmiri culture. Their strict measures, such as imposition of the burqa, strengthen the patriarchal structure of Kashmiri society. According to some commentators, DeM's efforts would be more effective if directed at the creation of quotas for women in Parliament, the legislative assembly and the judiciary; female representation would increase, triggering a cultural shift in gender-role expectations.
Women's Self Defense Corps
In 1947, the volunteer Women's Self Defense Corps (WSDC) was founded as the female wing of the Jammu and Kashmir National Militia. The group's aim is "to train women for self-defense and to resist invaders". In addition to weapons training, the group also provided a forum where women "steeped in centuries-old traditions, abysmal ignorance, poverty and superstition could discuss their issues". The corps also worked at a political and cultural level for increased impact.
Cross-border collaboration
Cross-border collaborations can be traced back to the beginning of conflict between India and Pakistan. Women in both countries shared a number of issues, such as public and domestic violence, rape, human-rights abuses and inequality, and the environment created by the Kashmir conflict had a negative impact. Groups and initiatives fostering cross-border collaboration created a space for the women and an atmosphere for developing human relationships and substantive dialogue on issues like the Indo-Pakistani wars.
Women's cross-border initiatives have changed and contributed to peace between India and Pakistan. It provides opportunities for face-to-face interactions and dialogue, and has facilitated much-needed understanding between the people of both countries. Women have participated in several processes through meetings with government officials and civil-society groups, addressed concerns such as education and visas, and initiated a media exchange between the countries. When only civil-society groups and government officials had the right to make decisions, groups and initiatives like this were negotiated and sustained cross-border dialogue. Women's experiences and groups are an alternative, nonviolent means of negotiating an end to conflict.
Women's Bus for Peace
In 1999, 40 Indian women of different religions and political views took a 12-hour bus trip from New Delhi to Lahore which was organized by the Women's Initiative for Peace in South Asia (WIPSA). The Women's Bus for Peace was one of many several cross-border collaborations by women from Pakistan and India. The initiative began with communication, since the women had common issues and struggles. What brought them together was the need to build strategies for peace. The Women's Bus for Peace focused on the need for communication between the people of Pakistan and India.
Line of Control conference
A November 2007 conference for Pakistani and Indian women, "Connecting Women across the Line of Control (LOC)", was held in Kashmir. Discussion topics at the conference ranged from aiding victims of violence and untreated illnesses to mobilizing women in the political and social arenas. The participants "vehemently endorsed diplomacy and peaceful negotiations in order to further the India–Pakistan peace process; withdrawal of forces from both sides of the LOC; decommissioning of militants; rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits to rebuild the syncretic fabric of Kashmiri society; and rehabilitation of detainees". Regardless of ethnicity, the women worked together to find solutions to problems caused by the Kashmir conflict and end the decades-long feud.
See also
Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir
Pragaash band controversy
References
External links
Behind the Kashmir conflict
Politics of rape in Kashmir
Amnesty International on human rights abuses in Kashmir
Women's Resistance in Kashmir
Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir
Women's rights in India |
Sir John Eugene St. Luce, KGCN, (born 1940), is an Antiguan politician from the Antigua Labour Party (ALP). He attended the University of London and majored in economics and social sciences. In 1971, he was appointed to the Senate. In 1976, he was elected to the House of Representatives. He was subsequently re-elected until his retirement from active politics in 2004. He held several portfolios in the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda: Minister of Agriculture, Home Affairs, Health, Public Works, Public Utilities and Communications and Finance. He lost to Lester Bird when there was a vote for successor of Vere Bird as the chairman of the ALP.
He was knighted and received Order of Merit in 2017.
References
Living people
1940 births
Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party politicians
Members of the House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)
Finance ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
Government ministers of Antigua and Barbuda
Recipients of the Order of the Nation (Antigua and Barbuda) |
C.I.P.C.E. is the international piano competition celebrating Spanish composers (in Spanish: Concurso Internacional de Piano Compositores de España), which is held each year around November in the auditorium “Joaquín Rodrigo” of Las Rozas de Madrid with an international jury of renowned musicians.
Each year a different Spanish composer is honored, allowing the public the opportunity of enjoying a range of piano works.
CIPCE is a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions since the year 2022. Competitors who have achieved an appropriate standard set by the federation may pass directly to the second stage of the competition.
Composers honoured
2000 Antón García Abril
2001 Xavier Montsalvatge
2002 Tomás Marco
2003 Carlos Cruz de Castro
2004 Joaquín Rodrigo
2005 Zulema de La Cruz
2006 Gabriel Fernández Álvez
2007 Claudio Prieto
2008 Cristóbal Halffter
2009 Joaquín Turina
2010 José Zárate
2011 Salvador Brotons
2012 Isaac Albéniz
2013 Antón García Abril
2014 Miguel Ángel Gómez Martínez
2015
2016 Alejandro Román
2017 Juan Manuel Ruiz
2018 José Luis Turina
2019 Juan Durán
2021 Pascual Gimeno
2022 Enrique Granados
Prize Winners
References
English version of the webpage of The Concurso Internacional de Piano Compositores de España(C.I.P.C.E.)
Music competitions in Spain |
Stichomythia () is a technique in verse drama in which sequences of single alternating lines, or half-lines (hemistichomythia) or two-line speeches (distichomythia) are given to alternating characters. It typically features repetition and antithesis. The term originated in the theatre of Ancient Greece, though many dramatists since have used the technique. Etymologically it derives from the Greek stikhos ("row, line of verse") + muthos ("speech, talk").
Stichomythia is particularly well suited to sections of dramatic dialogue where two characters are in violent dispute. The rhythmic intensity of the alternating lines combined with quick, biting ripostes in the dialogue can create a powerful effect.
In Ancient Greek drama
Stichomythia originated in Greek drama. Adolf Gross concludes that stichomythia developed from choral response. J. Leonard Hancock differs in this regard, not finding overwhelming evidence for any particular origin theory, but admitting that the role of musical symmetry must have been significant. Instead he finds that the trends, within Ancient Greek aesthetics, toward agonistic expression, subtlety in language, and love of symmetry, helped to give rise to stichomythia as a popular dialogue device.
In Seneca
Senecan stichomythia, while ultimately derived from Athenian stichomythia (as Roman theatre is derived from Greek theatre generally) differs in several respects. First, Seneca uses the technique less than all but the earliest extant pieces of classical Greek tragedy. Secondly, the stichomythic form found in Seneca is less rigid. Finally, and most substantially, Seneca's tragedies are much more prone to revolve around literary quibbles, even leaving aside the plot of the play for entire sections while the characters engage in an essentially linguistic tangent.
In more recent theatre
Renaissance Italian and French drama developed in many respects as an imitation of the classic drama of the Greeks and Romans. Stichomythic elements, however, were often absent. Where they did occur, they tended to follow the lead of Seneca in using “catchwords” as launching points for each subsequent line.
Modern theatre rarely uses verse, so any construct that depends on verse, such as stichomythia, is also rare. Where a form of stichomythia has been used, the characters involved are typically building subsequent lines on the ideas or metaphors of previous lines, rather than words.
General trends
In terms of character relationships, stichomythia can represent interactions as mundane as question-and-answer exchanges, or as tense as heated rapid-fire arguments. While the equal line lengths can create a sense of equality of voice between the characters, stichomythia can also feature one character silencing another with a vociferous rebuff, especially where one character's line interrupts the other's.
In terms of how stichomythia moves forward as a section of dialogue, the Ancient Greeks tended to favor subtle flavorings and reflavorings of grammatical particles, whereas Senecan (and by extension Renaissance) stichomythic passages often turned on verbal minutiae or “catchwords”. Modern theatre, on the other hand, uses the technique in such a manner that the characters use each line to add depth to a shared idea or metaphor.
Examples
Sophocles
A short example from R. C. Jebb's translation of Antigone: the scene is an argument between Ismene and her sister Antigone.
For further examples from Antigone, consult the text at the Internet Classics Archive .
ISMENE: And what life is dear to me, bereft of thee?
ANTIGONE: Ask Creon; all thy care is for him.
ISMENE: Why vex me thus, when it avails thee nought?
ANTIGONE: Indeed, if I mock, 'tis with pain that I mock thee.
ISMENE: Tell me,—how can I serve thee, even now?
ANTIGONE: Save thyself: I grudge not thy escape.
ISMENE: Ah, woe is me! And shall I have no share in thy fate?
ANTIGONE: Thy choice was to live; mine, to die.
ISMENE: At least thy choice was not made without my protest.
ANTIGONE: One world approved thy wisdom; another, mine.
Shakespeare (an example of hemistichomythia)
Richard III, Act I, scene ii. Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Gloucester (later Richard III of England) threatens to kill himself unless Lady Anne, widow of Prince Edward (of Lancaster), agrees to marry him.
LADY ANNE: I would I knew thy heart.
GLOUCESTER: 'Tis figured in my tongue.
LADY ANNE: I fear me both are false.
GLOUCESTER: Then never man was true.
LADY ANNE: Well, well, put up your sword.
GLOUCESTER: Say, then, my peace is made.
LADY ANNE: That shall you know hereafter.
GLOUCESTER: But shall I live in hope?
LADY ANNE: All men, I hope, live so.
GLOUCESTER: Vouchsafe to wear this ring.
LADY ANNE: To take is not to give.
GLOUCESTER: Sweet saint, for charity, be not so curst.
LADY ANNE: Foul devil, for God's sake, hence, and trouble us not,
In Hamlet, Act III, Scene iv (the Closet scene), Hamlet is confronted by his mother, the queen, about the play (III, ii) which Hamlet rigged to expose his murderous step-uncle.
QUEEN: Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended.
HAMLET: Mother, you have my father much offended.
QUEEN: Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue.
HAMLET: Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue.
In "The Merchant of Venice", Shylock and Bassanio enter into an argument using stichomythia at 4.1.65-9, which "catches the dramatic tension of a quasi-forensic interrogation":
SHYLOCK: I am not bound to please thee with my answers.
BASSANIO: Do all men kill the things they do not love?
SHYLOCK: Hates any man the thing he would not kill?
BASSANIO: Every offence is not a hate at first.
SHYLOCK: What, wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice?
A further intensification is often achieved by antilabe, in which a single verse line is distributed on alternating speakers.
Corneille
An exchange in Le Cid (1.3.215–226), by Pierre Corneille, has been called "an excellent instance of Corneille's skilful handling of 'stichomythia'". Don Diègue (an old man, the hero's father) has been appointed the prince's tutor, a post that the Count (le Comte) wanted.
LE COMTE: Ce que je méritois, vous avez emporté.
DON DIÈGUE: Qui l'a gagné sur vous l'avoit mieux merité.
LE COMTE: Qui peut mieux l'exercer en est bien le plus digne.
DON DIÈGUE: En être refusė n'est pas un bon signe.
LE COMTE: Vous l'avez eu par brigue, ėtant vieux courtisan.
DON DIÈGUE: L'éclat de mes hauts faits fut mon seul partisan.
LE COMTE: Parlons-en mieux, le Roi fait honneur a votre âge.
DON DIÈGUE: Le Roi, quand il en fait, le mesure au courage.
LE COMTE: Et par là cet honneur n'était dû qu'à mon bras.
DON DIÈGUE: Qui n'a pu l'obtenir ne le méritoit pas.
LE COMTE: Ne le méritoit pas! Moi?
DON DIÈGUE: Vous.
LE COMTE: Ton impudence,
Téméraire viellard, aura son récompense. [Il lui donne un soufflet
Musical drama
In the scene in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro, libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte, where Susanna learns that Marcellina is Figaro's mother, she repeats her disbelief (Sua madre?, that is, "his mother?") to each character and is reassured in the same words. A critic has called that "the merriest and most congenial form imaginable" of stichomythia. For another example from opera, the following passage from the libretto by Andrea Maffei for Giuseppe Verdi's I masnadieri has been called "musical stichomythia", though it does not contain repetition or antithesis:
AMALIA: Qual mare, qual terra da me t'ha diviso?
CARLO: Deh! cessa, infelice, l'inchiesta crudel!
AMALIA: Mendaci novelle ti dissero ucciso.
CARLO: Beato se chiuso m'avesse l'avel!
AMALIA: Tu pure, o mio Carlo, provasti gli affanni?
CARLO: Li possa il tuo core per sempre ignorar!
AMALIA: Anch'io, derelitta, ti piansi lung'anni.
CARLO: E un angelo osava per me lagrimar?
Examples from musicals are "I Remember it Well" (lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, first version in the Broadway musical Love Life, second in the film Gigi) and "Anything You Can Do" (by Irving Berlin, from Annie Get Your Gun). Another is from "The Last Supper" in Jesus Christ Superstar. When Judas says Jesus knows who will betray him, a passage of stichomythia (with a two-line interruption) follows:
Jesus: Why don't you go do it?
Judas: You want me to do it!
Jesus: Hurry, they're waiting
Judas: If you knew why I do it...
Jesus: I don't care why you do it
Judas: To think I admired you,
for now I despise you
Jesus: You liar—you Judas
Film
In the prose context of most film, stichomythia has been defined as a "witty exchange of one-liners" and associated with the film noir characters Jeff Bailey in Out of the Past, Sam Spade, and Philip Marlowe. Another film-noir example is in Double Indemnity (dialog by Billy Wilder and Raymond Chandler). Walter Neff flirts with Phyllis Dietrichson; she resists him.
Dietrichson: You were anxious to talk to [my husband] weren't you?
Neff: Yeah, I was, but I'm sort of getting over the idea,
if you know what I mean.
Dietrichson: There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff, 45 miles an hour.
Neff: How fast was I going officer?
Dietrichson: I'd say around 90.
Neff: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket?
Dietrichson: Suppose I let you off with a warning this time?
Neff: Suppose it doesn't take?
Dietrichson: Suppose I have to whack you over the knuckles?
Neff: Suppose I bust out crying and put my head on your shoulder?
Dietrichson: Suppose you try putting it on my husband's shoulder?
Neff: That tears it!
Notes
References
Marks, Joseph, ed. In
Ancient Greek theatre
Drama
Poetic forms |
Spelman College is a private, historically Black, women's liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. It is a founding member of the Atlanta University Center academic consortium. Founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, Spelman awarded it first college degrees in 1901 and is the oldest private historically Black liberal arts institution for women.
History
Founding
The Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary was established on 11 April, 1881 in the basement of Friendship Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, by two teachers from the Oread Institute of Worcester, Massachusetts: Harriet E. Giles and Sophia B. Packard. Giles and Packard had met while Giles was a student, and Packard the preceptress, of the New Salem Academy in New Salem, Massachusetts, and fostered a lifelong friendship there. The two of them traveled to Atlanta specifically to found a school for Black freedwomen, and found support from Frank Quarles, the pastor of Friendship Baptist Church.
Giles and Packard began the school with 11 African-American women and $100 given to them by the First Baptist Church in Medford, Massachusetts, and a promise of further support from the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society (WABHMS), a group with which they were both affiliated in Boston. Although their first students were mostly illiterate, they envisioned their school to be a liberal arts institution – the first circular of the college stated that they planned to offer "algebra, physiology, essays, Latin, rhetoric, geometry, political economy, mental philosophy (psychology), chemistry, botany, Constitution of the United States, astronomy, zoology, geology, moral philosophy, and evidences of Christianity". Over time, they attracted more students; by the time the first term ended, they had enrolled 80 students in the seminary. The WABHMS made a down payment on a nine-acre (36,000 m2) site in Atlanta relatively close to the church they began in, which originally had five buildings left from a Union Civil War encampment, to support classroom and residence hall needs.
In 1882 the two women returned to Massachusetts to bid for more money and were introduced to wealthy Northern Baptist businessman John D. Rockefeller at a church conference in Ohio. Rockefeller was impressed by Packard's vision. In April 1884, Rockefeller visited the school. By this time, the seminary had 600 students and 16 faculty members. It was surviving on generous donations by the Black community in Atlanta, the efforts of volunteer teachers, and gifts of supplies; many Atlanta Black churches, philanthropists, and Black community groups raised and donated money to settle the debt on the property that had been acquired. Rockefeller was so impressed that he settled the debt on the property. Rockefeller's wife, Laura Spelman Rockefeller; her sister, Lucy Spelman; and their parents, Harvey Buel and Lucy Henry Spelman, were also supportive of the school. The Spelmans were longtime activists in the abolitionist movement. In 1884 the name of the school was changed to the Spelman Seminary in honor of Laura Spelman and her parents. Rockefeller also donated the funds for what is currently the oldest building on campus, Rockefeller Hall, which was constructed in 1886.
Packard was appointed as Spelman's first president in 1888, after the charter for the seminary was granted. Packard died in 1891, and Giles assumed the presidency until her death in 1909. A diploma granting institution in its early years, in 1901, Spelman awarded its first college degrees.
Growth
The years 1910 to 1953 saw great growth and transition for the seminary. Upon Giles' death, Lucy Hale Tapley became president. Although the college was a stride in and of itself, at the time, neither the founders nor the current administration had interest in challenging the status quo of young women as primarily responsible for the family and the home. Tapley declared: "Any course of study which fails to cultivate a taste and fitness for practical and efficient work in some part of the field of the world's needs is unpopular at Spelman and finds no place in our curriculum." The nursing curriculum was strengthened; a teachers' dormitory and a home economics building were constructed, and Tapley Hall, the science building, was completed in 1925. The Granddaughters' Club, a club for students whose mothers and aunts had attended Spelman was also created, and this club is still in existence today.
In September 1924, Spelman Baptist Seminary officially became Spelman College. Florence Matilda Read assumed the presidency in 1927. Shortly thereafter, Spelman entered into an "agreement of affiliation" with nearby Morehouse College and Atlanta University by chartering the Atlanta University Center in 1929. Atlanta University was to provide graduate education for students, whereas Morehouse and Spelman were responsible for the undergraduate education. At a time during which Black students were often denied access to graduate studies at predominantly white southern research universities, access to Atlanta University allowed the undergraduate students at Morehouse and Spelman immediate access to graduate training.
In 1927, one of the most important buildings on campus, Sisters Chapel, was dedicated. The chapel was named for its primary benefactors, sisters Laura Spelman Rockefeller and Lucy Maria Spelman. The college had also begun to see an improvement in extracurricular investment in the arts, with the organization of the Spelman College Glee Club in 1925, inauguration of the much-loved Atlanta tradition of the annual Spelman-Morehouse Christmas Carol Concert and smaller events such as the spring orchestra and chorus concert, the Atlanta University Summer Theater, and the University Players, a drama organization for AUC students. The school also began to see more of a focus on collegiate education, as it discontinued its elementary and high school divisions. In 1930 the Spelman Nursery School was created as a training center for mothers and a practice arena for students who planned careers in education and child development. Spelman celebrated its 50th anniversary in April 1931. This milestone as accompanied by the construction of a university library that was shared amongst the Atlanta University Center institutions, and the center continues to share a library to this day.
The school continued to expand, building and acquiring more property to accommodate the growing student body. In 1947, Spelman joined the list of "approved institutions" of the Association of American Universities. In 1953, Florence Read retired, and Albert E. Manley became the first Black and first male president of the college. Under his presidency and the presidency of his successor, Donald Stewart, Spelman saw significant growth. The college established its study abroad program, the Merrill Foreign Travel-Study Program. Stewart's administration tripled the college's endowment and oversaw the establishment of the Comprehensive Writing Program, an across-the-curriculum writing program that requires students to submit portfolios of their written work; the Ethel Waddell Githii College Honors Program; and the Women's Research and Resource Center. In 1958, the college received accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Civil rights involvement
Going into the 1960s, the Spelman College students became involved in civil rights actions in Atlanta. In 1962, the first Spelman students were arrested for participating in sit-ins in the Atlanta community. Noted American historian Howard Zinn was a professor of history at Spelman during this era, and served as an adviser to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee chapter at the college. Zinn mentored many of Spelman's students fighting for civil rights at the time, including Alice Walker and Marian Wright Edelman Zinn was dismissed from the college in 1963 for supporting Spelman students in their efforts to fight segregation; at the time, Spelman was focused on turning out "refined young ladies." Edelman herself writes that Spelman had a reputation as "a tea-pouring, very strict school designed to turn Black girls into refined ladies and teachers."
1980–present
Stewart retired in 1986, and the following year, Johnnetta Betsch Cole became the first Black female president of Spelman College. During this time, the college became noted for its commitment to community service and its ties to the local community. Cole also led the college's most successful capital campaign; between 1986 and 1996, the college raised $113.8 million, including a $20 million gift from Bill Cosby and his wife, Camille Hanks Cosby, whose daughter graduated from Spelman. In honor of this gift, the Cosby Academic Center was constructed. In July 2015, the remainder of the funds were returned and an endowed professorship named for the Cosby couple discontinued as allegations of sexual assault by Bill Cosby grew more prominent.
In 1997, Cole stepped down and Audrey Forbes Manley became Spelman's first alumna president. After her retirement, in 2002, Beverly Daniel Tatum, the college's president until 2015, took the post. The campus now comprises 26 buildings on in Atlanta.
In 2011, First Lady Michelle Obama served as the keynote commencement speaker. The following year, Oprah Winfrey served as the keynote commencement speaker.
In 2015, Spelman opened the Wellness Center at Reed Hall, a state-of-the-art recreation center. It is host to a multitude of services from an indoor track and cycling room to a teaching kitchen and a multitude of fitness and wellness programs. Also in 2015, Mary Schmidt Campbell was named the tenth president of Spelman College.
In 2017, Spelman's leadership voted to allow transgender women to enroll in the institution.
In 2018, Spelman received $30 million from Spelman trustee Ronda Stryker for the construction of a new state-of-the-art building on campus. Stryker's gift is one of the largest single donations from a living donor in Spelman's history. Two years later, the college received another significant donation: $40 million from philanthropists Reed Hastings and his wife Patty Quillin to be used as scholarship funds for students enrolled at Spelman. Their donation is one of the largest in the history of Spelman and HBCUs. In July 2020, Spelman received a notably large undisclosed donation from philanthropist MacKenzie Scott.
In April 2022, Helene Gayle was named the 11th president of Spelman College.
Presidents
Since its inception Spelman has had 11 presidents:
Sophia B. Packard (1888) founded the women's seminary with Giles in a basement of the historic Friendship Baptist Church (Atlanta) and cultivated Rockefeller support for the school
Harriet E. Giles (1891) under whom the school granted its first college degrees
Lucy Hale Tapley (1910) under whom the school decided to focus on higher education, the school officially became Spelman College (1927), and Sisters Chapel, one of the main buildings on campus, was erected
Florence M. Read, (1927) under whom the school established an endowment fund of over $3 million, the school came into agreement with Atlanta University and Morehouse College to form the Atlanta University Center (later Clark-Atlanta University, Morris Brown College, Morehouse School of Medicine, and the Interdenominational Theological Center were added), the Arnett Library was built, and Spelman earned approval from the American Association of Universities
Albert E. Manley (1953) (the first Black and first male president of Spelman), under whom study abroad programs were established, the fine arts center was built, and three new residence halls and several classroom buildings were renovated. According to Howard Zinn, Manley tried to suppress the student civil rights movement that was taking place on campus during his tenure
Donald M. Stewart (1976) under whom the departments of women's studies and chemistry were founded, and three strategic programs were formed: the Comprehensive Writing Program, the Women's Research and Resource Center, and the Ethel Waddell Githii Honors Program, and a continuing education department and a computer literacy program were established
Johnnetta B. Cole (1987) (the first African-American woman president of Spelman), under whom the college received $20 million from Drs. William and Camille Cosby for the construction of the Cosby Academic Center and instituted the Cole Institute for Community Service
Audrey F. Manley (1997) (the first alumna president of Spelman), under whom Spelman gained a Phi Beta Kappa chapter, Spelman was accepted as a provisional member of NCAA Division III athletics, and the Science Center was finished
Beverly Daniel Tatum, (2002) under whom renovation of Sisters Chapel began and the state-of-the-art Wellness Center was finished
Mary Schmidt Campbell, (2015) under whom Spelman began its largest comprehensive campaign in the institution's history setting a fundraising goal of $250 million. Also, Spelman's 84,000-square-foot Center for Innovation & the Arts is named in honor of Campbell
Helene Gayle, (2022) is a leading epidemiologist with over 20 years of experience with the Center for Disease Control. She served as president and CEO of The Chicago Community Trust, one of the nation's oldest and largest community foundations. She also served as president and CEO of Atlanta-based CARE, one of the largest international humanitarian organizations
Museum of Fine Art
The Spelman College Museum of Fine Art is the only museum in the United States that emphasizes art by and about women of the African Diaspora. Some Black Women artists the museum has featured include Amy Sherald, Mickalene Thomas, and Reneé Stout. Each semester, the museum features a new exhibit; past exhibits have included artists Beverly Buchanan (2017)<ref>"Spelman College; Spelman College Museum of Fine Art Launches its 2017 Season with a Solo Exhibition Featuring Acclaimed Artist Beverly Buchanan." Health & Medicine Week, Sep 29, 2017, pp. 5897. .</ref> and Zanele Muholi.
In 2016, the museum collaborated with Spelman's Department of Art and Art History to start a two-year curatorial studies program to increase diversity in the museum industry.
Academics
Spelman is ranked tied for 39th of 185 of among national liberal arts colleges and 1st among 79 historically Black colleges in the United States by U.S. News & World Report for 2023-24; additionally, it tied for 2nd of 196 in "Social Mobility", tied for 15th of 19 for "Most Innovative", 19th of 36 for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", and 60th of 93 for "Best Value" among liberal arts colleges. Spelman leads the nation in enrolling the highest percentage of Gates Millennium Scholars. Spelman ranked first among baccalaureate origin institutions of African-American women who earned science, engineering, and mathematics doctoral degrees. Spelman ranked among the top 50 four-year colleges and universities for producing Fulbright and Gilman Scholars, and ranked the second-largest producer of African-American college graduates who attend medical school.
Spelman is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Spelman is a member of the Coalition of Women's Colleges, National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, The College Fund/UNCF, National Association for College Admissions Counseling, and State of Georgia Professional Standards Commission (PSC).
Spelman offers bachelor's degrees in over 30 academic majors. In addition, Spelman has strategic partnerships with over 30 accredited universities to help students complete degree programs not offered on campus in healthcare, law, and engineering. Its most popular majors, by number out of 483 graduates in 2022, were:
Psychology (70)
Biology/Biological Sciences (69)
Political Science and Government (50)
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences (44)
Economics (42)
English Language and Literature (35)
The Ethel Waddell Githii Honors Program is a selective academic community available to students who meet the requirements.
Spelman houses several pre-professional and research programs designed to make students more competitive for admissions into graduate school programs. Approximately two-thirds of Spelman graduates have earned postgraduate degrees.
Spelman has domestic exchange and study abroad programs. Approximately 70% of Spelman students have studied abroad before graduation.
Spelman has the highest graduation rate among HBCUs, with a graduation rate of 76% after six years. It also has a student:faculty ratio of 9:1.
Honor societies
Registered academic honor societies include Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Epsilon Delta, Alpha Lambda Delta, Alpha Sigma Lambda, Beta Kappa Chi, Golden Key International Honour Society, Kappa Delta Epsilon, Mortar Board Senior Honor Society, National Society of Collegiate Scholars, Pi Sigma Alpha, Psi Chi, Sigma Tau Delta, and the Upsilon Pi Epsilon.
Admissions
Spelman is a selective institution with an acceptance rate of 28% for the fall 2022 first-time, first-year class. Spelman evaluates all applicants holistically which includes vetting their community service involvement, recommendation letters, personal statement, extracurricular activities, academic transcripts, and standardized test scores.
Student body
Students are all women and predominantly African-American. Approximately 30% come from Georgia, 69% from the rest of the United States, and 1% are international. 85% of Spelman students receive financial aid, the average financial package for a first year student adds up to $22,000.
Student life
Spelman offers organized and informal activities. Spelman's over 80 student organizations include community service organizations, special interest groups, honors societies, Morehouse cheerleaders, choral groups, music ensembles, dance groups, drama/theater groups, marching band, intramural sports, and student government.
Spelman's gated campus near Downtown Atlanta consists of over 25 buildings on 39 acres.
New student orientation
All new Spelman students are required to attend a six-day new student orientation (NSO) in August immediately before the fall semester begins. NSO includes events, workshops, and sessions designed to teach new Spelmanites about the mission, history, culture, traditions, and sisterhood of Spelman College; students are also given information on how to successfully matriculate to Spelman Women (graduates), such as registration, advisement, placement, and planning class schedules. NSO is led by student orientation leaders known as PALs (Peer Assistant Leaders) and Spelman alumnae. During NSO, new students are required to remain on campus at all times; any leave must be approved by PALs.https://www.collegemagazine.com/top-10-events-thatll-make-love-spelman-college/
White attire tradition
One of Spelman's oldest traditions are Spelmanites wearing "respectable and conservative" white attire to designated formal events on campus. The tradition began in the early 1900s when it was customary for women to wear white dresses when attending formal events. White attire is worn to the annual NSO induction ceremony, Founders Day Convocation, Alumnae March, and graduating seniors wear white attire underneath their graduation gowns for Class Day and Commencement. In 2009, My Sister's Closet was established on campus by the Student Government Association for alumnae and current students to donate gently worn or brand new white attire to Spelman students in need at no cost.
Student publications and media
Spelman offers a literary magazine (Aunt Chloe: A Journal of Candor), a student newspaper, The BluePrint, and student government association newsletter (Jaguar Print). The yearbook is called Reflections.
Religious organizations
Religious organizations currently registered on campus include: Baha'i Club, Al-Nissa, Alabaster Box, Atlanta Adventist Collegiate Society, Campus Crusade for Christ, Crossfire International Campus Ministry, Happiness In Praise for His Overflowing Presence, InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, Movements of Praise Dance Team, The Newman Organization, The Outlet and The Pre-Theology Society Minority.
International student and social organizations
NAACP and Sister Steps are registered campus organizations. Spelman also has chapters of Colleges Against Cancer, Circle K, Feminist Majority Leadership Alliance, Habitat for Humanity, National Council of Negro Women, National Society of Black Engineers, Operation Smile, United Way, and Young Democrats of America. Spelman is also the first HBCU to charter a chapter of Amnesty International on its campus.
Spelman has several sororities on campus including all four of the National Pan-Hellenic Council. About three percent of students are active in Spelman's Greek system.
Residential life
Spelman College has 11 residence halls on campus with approximately 1,500 students occupying them. Each one has unique features and identities. There are three first-year students only residence halls, an honors residence hall (mixed with first-year students and upperclasswomen), and seven upperclasswomen-only residence halls. All first-year students and sophomores are required to live on campus and it is traditional for first-year students to engage in friendly residence hall competitions (i.e. stroll-offs, chant-offs, pranks, fundraising, etc.) throughout the school year.
Athletics
Spelman athletic teams were the Jaguars. The college was a member of the Division III level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) from 2003–04 to 2012–13.
Spelmen competed in seven intercollegiate varsity sports: Women's sports included basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.
In 2013, Spelman College decided to drop varsity athletics and leave the NCAA. Using money originally budgeted to the sports programs, they created wellness programs available for all students.
Notable alumnae and faculty
Spelman's notable alumnae include the first African-American CEO of Sam's Club and Walgreens Rosalind Brewer, Pulitzer Prize winner Alice Walker, former Dean of Harvard College Evelynn M. Hammonds, activist and Children's Defense Fund founder Marian Wright Edelman, civil rights and criminal defense lawyer Dovey Johnson Roundtree, college organist Joyce Johnson, musician, activist and historian Bernice Johnson Reagon, politician Stacey Abrams, writer Pearl Cleage, TV personality Rolonda Watts, opera singer Mattiwilda Dobbs, and actresses Cassi Davis, LaTanya Richardson, Adrienne-Joi Johnson, Keshia Knight Pulliam, Tati Gabrielle , Assemblywoman of the 18th district of New York State Taylor Darling, and designor and curator Sara Penn, Lisa D. Cook, member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Pamela Gunter-Smith, president of York College.
See also
Women's colleges in the Southern United States
References
Further reading
Atlanta Regional Council for Higher Education. "Giving Voice to a New Generation: Metro Atlanta's three women's colleges are going strong, even while the number of women's colleges nationwide has declined."
Guy-Sheftall, Beverly. "Black Women and Higher Education: Spelman and Bennett Colleges Revisited." The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 51, No. 3, The Impact of Black Women in Education: An Historical Overview (Summer, 1982), pp. 278–287.
Johnetta Cross-Brazzell, "Brick without Straw: Missionary-Sponsored Black Higher Education in the Post-Emancipation Era," Journal of Higher Education 63 (January/February 1992).
Beverly Guy-Sheftall and Jo Moore Stewart, Spelman: A Centennial Celebration, 1881–1981 (Atlanta: Spelman College, 1981).
Albert E. Manley, A Legacy Continues: The Manley Years at Spelman College, 1953–1976 (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1995).
Florence M. Read, The Story of Spelman College'' (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961).
Spelman College Aiming for New Heights – Atlanta Journal-Constitution article
The New Georgia Encyclopedia
External links
1881 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1881
Historically black universities and colleges in the United States
Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family
Liberal arts colleges in Georgia (U.S. state)
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in Atlanta
Women's universities and colleges in the United States
Private universities and colleges in Georgia (U.S. state) |
The Temple School (1834 – ca.1841), in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, was established by Amos Bronson Alcott and Elizabeth Palmer Peabody in 1834, and featured a teaching style based on conversation. Teachers working at the school included Elizabeth Peabody and Margaret Fuller.
History
Alcott was fundamentally and philosophically opposed to corporal punishment as a means of disciplining his students; instead, he offered his own hand for an offending student to strike, saying that any failing was the teacher's responsibility. The shame and guilt this method induced, he believed, was far superior to the fear instilled by corporal punishment; when he used physical "correction" he required that the students be unanimously in support of its application, even including the student to be punished.
As assistants in the Temple School, Alcott had two young women who have subsequently come to be considered among nineteenth-century America's most talented writers, 30-year-old Elizabeth Palmer Peabody who, in 1835, published A Record of Mr. Alcott's School and 26-year-old Margaret Fuller who was a teacher during 1836–1837; as students he had children of the Boston intellectual classes, including future writer Josiah Phillips Quincy, grandson of Harvard University president, Josiah Quincy III. Alcott's methods were not well received; many readers found his conversations on the Gospels close to blasphemous, a few brief but frank discussions with the children regarding birth and circumcision were considered obscene and a number of his ideas were denigrated as ridiculous. The influential conservative Unitarian Andrews Norton, a vocal opponent of Transcendentalism, derided the book as one-third blasphemy, one-third obscenity, and the rest nonsense. The school was widely denounced in the press, with only a few scattered supporters, and Alcott was rejected by most public opinion. The controversy caused many parents to remove their children.
Image gallery
References
Further reading
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody. Record of a School: Exemplifying the General Principles of Spiritual Culture, 2nd ed. Russell, Shattuck & Company, 1836.
Amos Bronson Alcott. Conversations with Children on the Gospels. Boston: J. Munroe, 1837. vol.2
Schools in Boston
Former buildings and structures in Boston
1834 establishments in Massachusetts
History of Boston
19th century in Boston
1830s in the United States |
John Fotie (March 13, 1928 – April 29, 1969) was a Canadian professional wrestler and a painter, better known by his ring name, John Foti. He was best known in Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling in Calgary from 1955 to 1969. He also wrestled in the American Wrestling Association and National Wrestling Alliance.
Professional wrestling career
Early career
Born in Regina, Saskatchewan and alter raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He worked in the gym where he befriended George Scott, Sandy Scott, Skull Murphy and Billy Red Lyons. Got into wrestling he started his career in upstate New York and Ontario. In 1957 he wrestled for the American Wrestling Association in Minnesota.
Stampede Wrestling
In 1955 Foti debuted in Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling in Calgary, Alberta where he became a household name for the territory. Billed from Hamilton, Foti would draw sellouts crowds in matches against Whipper Billy Watson, Lou Thesz, and Killer Kowalski. On June 6, 1959, Foti won the NWA Calgary Canadian Heavyweight Title by defeating Charro Azteca. He feuded with Mad Dog Vachon, and Vachon's brother Paul. The title was vacated in July of that year. In 1960 he won the Stampede International Tag Team titles with Don Kindred and dropped the titles to Luther Lindsay and Oattman Fisher. Foti once again won the NWA Calgary Canadian Heavyweight Title as he defeated John Smith on June 9, 1961, and lost the title to Killer Kowalski on November 17. In 1963 he left Calgary to wrestle for other territories in Canada and the United States.
In 1966 he returned to Stampede where he feuded with Gil Hayes from 1967 to 1969, and Bob Sweetan in 1969.
Later career
Foti spent time in Buffalo's National Wrestling Federation, Vancouver's All-Star Wrestling, and Portland's Pacific Northwest Wrestling. Between 1963 and 1966 he wrestled in Toronto's Maple Leaf Wrestling. In 1964 he wrestled in the Northeast territory for World Wide Wrestling Federation as a journeyman.
Personal life and death
He was also a painter. He struggled with alcoholism in his later years. On April 29, 1969, Foti committed suicide in his home in Calgary. He was 41.
Championships and accomplishments
Stampede Wrestling
Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship – with Don Kindred
NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Calgary version) (2 times)
NWA Alberta Tag Team Championship – with John Paul Hennig
See also
List of premature professional wrestling deaths
References
External links
1928 births
1969 deaths
20th-century professional wrestlers
Canadian male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Saskatchewan
Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan
Stampede Wrestling alumni
NWA Canadian Heavyweight Champions (Calgary version)
Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Champions |
Gabrielle Alishya George (born 2 February 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Women's Super League club Manchester United.
Club career
Early career
George began playing football with boys at the age of nine. George spent her youth development with Blackpool girls and Manchester United's Centre of Excellence.
Everton
George began her career at Everton in 2014. In April 2014, she made her first team debut against Notts County. George made 14 appearances for the Blues during her first season, including a start in the 2014 FA Women's Cup Final, despite being just 17 years of age. The same year, she was named Player of The FA Women's Cup Sixth Round after helping Everton shut out previous champions Liverpool 2–0. After defeating Notts County 2–1 in the semifinals, Everton lost the final to Arsenal 2–0 in the Final in front of over 15,000 fans.
George made club history in 2017 when she signed a two-year contract as Everton's first full-time professional player.
Manchester United
On 14 September 2023, Manchester United announced the signing of George. The club reportedly met her £150,000 release clause. George immediately became the team's starting left-back, starting the opening match of the season. On 10 October 2023, George made her UEFA Women's Champions League debut in the club's first European match, a 1–1 draw with Paris Saint-Germain in the second qualifying round first leg. On 15 October 2023, George suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury during a WSL match against Leicester City, ruling her out for the remainder of the season after four appearances. It was the second time she had suffered the injury in her career, having previously done it in February 2020.
International career
George has represented England at the U-17, U-19, U-20, and U-21 levels, playing in one U-20 World Cup and two European finals.
In 2017, George earned her first call-up to the senior team for the 2017 SheBelieves Cup in the United States. She made her debut on 4 September 2018 in a 6–0 victory over Kazakhstan in a World Cup qualifier.
George was allotted 209 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England’s inaugural international.
Personal life
George's cousin, Jesse Lingard, formerly played for Manchester United F.C. and England.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Everton
FA WSL 2: 2017
FA Women's Cup runners-up: 2014
Individual
UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2014
North West Rising Star: 2015
FA Women's Cup Player of the Round: 2014
WSL Player of the Month: January 2023
References
External links
FA player profile
Everton player profile
1997 births
Living people
English women's footballers
Footballers from Manchester
Women's association football defenders
Everton F.C. (women) players
Manchester United W.F.C. players
Women's Super League players
England women's under-23 international footballers
England women's international footballers
England women's under-21 international footballers |
Thạch Bảo Khanh (born April 25, 1979) is the retired Vietnamese footballer. He is a member of Vietnam national football team since 2002. he is the current manager V.League 1 club Viettel. He is best known for his performance at 2004 Tiger Cup even though Vietnam was relegated from the group-stage.
International goal
References
External links
Vietnamese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
1979 births
Living people
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Hanoi
Viettel FC players
Asian Games competitors for Vietnam
Vietnam men's international footballers
21st-century Vietnamese people |
The 2007–08 Premijer Liga season, the eighth since its establishment and the sixth as a unified country-wide league, began on 4 August 2007. FK Sarajevo are the defending Premijer Liga champions, having won their first Premijer Liga title and fourth league championship overall the previous season.
The 2006–07 season saw Borac and Radnik relegated to the Prva Liga RS. They were replaced by Laktaši and Travnik from the Prva Liga RS and FBiH respectively.
Clubs and stadiums
Premijer Liga All-Star Team (1st Half Season)
Coaches of each team in the league decided to vote for players who have impressed the most in the first half of the season. The only twist is that the coaches couldn't vote a player from their own team. Coaches that participated in the votes are: Slaviša Bižičić (FK Modriča), Husref Musemić (FK Sarajevo), Enver Hadžiabdić (FK Željezničar), Pavle Skočibušić (NK Žepče), Dušan Jevrić (Slavija Sarajevo), Mirza Golubica (NK Travnik), Sakib Malkočević (Sloboda Tuzla), Anel Karabeg (FK Velež Mostar), Vlado Jagodić (FK Laktaši), Mario Ćutuk (NK Široki Brijeg), Ivo Ištuk (NK Čelik Zenica), Ahmet Kečalović (NK Jedinstvo Bihać), Dragan Jović (HŠK Zrinjski Mostar), Srđan Bajić (FK Leotar Trebinje), Vinko Jurišić (NK Posušje) and Bakir Beširević (HNK Orašje).
(NK Čelik Zenica)
(NK Široki Brijeg)
(FK Sarajevo)
(NK Široki Brijeg)
(FK Sarajevo)
(FK Željezničar)
(FK Sarajevo)
(FK Modriča)
(HŠK Zrinjski Mostar)
(FK Željezničar)
(FK Modriča)
Other players that have been voted:
Vasilj, Tripic, Lukačević, Matko, Šabić, S. Nikolić, Hasanović, Mikelini, Mulalić, Vugdalić, Rajović, Stojanović, Marković, Bajić, Karadža, Stjepanović, Krstanović, Režić, Rogulj, Ronielle, Admir Raščić, Celson, Landeka, Kordić 1, A. Joldić, Mulina, Pejić, Ančić, Barišić, Bajić
League table
Results
Top goalscorers
External links
BiH soccer
Football Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina official site
UEFA coverage
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina seasons
1
Bosnia |
Lubny Raion () is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the city of Lubny. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Poltava Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Lubny Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was
Administrative division
Current
After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 7 hromadas:
Chornukhy settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Chornukhy, transferred from Chornukhy Raion;
Hrebinka urban hromada with the administration in the city of Hrebinka, transferred from Hrebinka Raion;
Khorol urban hromada with the administration in the city of Khorol, transferred from Khorol Raion;
Lubny urban hromada with the administration in the city of Lubny, transferred from Lubny Raion and the city of Lubny;
Before 2020
Before the 2020 reform, the raion consisted of one hromada, Lubny urban hromada with the administration in Lubny. After the reform, the city of Lubny was merged into Lubny urban hromada, and part of the hromada was transferred into Myrhorod Raion.
References
Raions of Poltava Oblast
1923 establishments in Ukraine |
Trem Desportivo Clube, commonly referred to as Trem, is a Brazilian professional club based in Macapá, Amapá founded on 1 January 1947. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Amapaense, the top flight of the Amapá state football league.
As of 2022, Trem is the fourth-best ranked team from Amapá in CBF's national club ranking, being placed 228th overall.
History
On 1 January 1947, the club was founded as Trem Desportivo Clube by Bellarmino Paraense de Barros, Benedito Malcher, the brothers Osmar and Arthur Marinho, and Walter and José Banhos, among others, at one of the most important and traditional Macapá neighborhoods.
In 1993, the club competed in the Copa do Brasil for the first time. The club was eliminated in the first stage, by Remo (first leg, at Zerão stadium, Macapá, Remo won 5–0, the second leg, at Mangueirão, Belém, Remo won again, 2–0). In 1999, due to financial difficulties, the club closed its football section. However, some years later, the club reopened it. In 2008, Trem competed again in the Copa do Brasil, but was eliminated in the first stage by Paraná.
In 2022, Trem applied one of the biggest rout in the history of the Brasileirão Série D, thrashing Náutico, of Roraima for 10 x 2, at Zerão.
Colours and badge
The club's colors are red and black. The club's home kit, and its logo are heavily inspired by Flamengo ones. The home kit is composed of red and black horizontal stripes, white shorts and black socks.
The club name Trem means train in Portuguese language. It was the name of the bairro where the club was founded. The neighborhood was founded in the 19th century.
Trem's mascot is a locomotive, simply named Locomotiva. Locomotiva is also the club's nickname.
Stadium
Like other clubs in the state, Trem does not have its own stadium. Since 2017, all football matches in Amapá are held at Zerão. Up until 2014, the team also played at Glicerão, which is currently undergoing renovation.
Honours
Regional
Torneio de Integração da Amazônia
Winners (5): 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990
State
Campeonato Amapaense
Winners (8): 1952, 1984, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2021, 2022, 2023
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Trem Desportivo Clube at SoccerWay
Football clubs in Amapá
Association football clubs established in 1947
1947 establishments in Brazil
Macapá |
Tan Xiao (; born 10 March 1993) is a Chinese professional Go player.
He won the 11th RICOH Cup. In 2017, he defeated Park Yeong-hun to win the 11th Chunlan Cup, his first international individual title and was promoted to 9 dan.
Personal life
Tan married Jia Ganglu, who is also a professional Go player, in November 2017.
Promotion record
Career record
2007: 35 wins, 14 losses
2009: 33 wins, 12 losses
2010: 31 wins, 21 losses
2011: 23 wins, 9 losses
Titles and runners-up
References
1993 births
Living people
Chinese Go players
Sportspeople from Changchun
21st-century Chinese people |
1S or 1s may refer to:
1s electron, in an atomic orbital
Sabre (computer system)'s IATA code
1S, a series of Toyota S engines
SSH 1S (WA); see Washington State Route 502, Washington State Route 503
See also
Shilling
Second
Ones (disambiguation)
S1 (disambiguation) |
Robert Macaire is a fictional character, an unscrupulous swindler, who appears in a number of French plays, films, and other works of art. In French culture he represents an archetypal villain. He was principally the creation of an actor, Frédérick Lemaître, who took the stock figure of "a ragged tramp, a common thief with tattered frock coat patched pants" and transformed him during his performances into "the dapper confidence man, the financial schemer, the juggler of joint-stock companies" that could serve to lampoon financial speculation and government corruption.
Playwright Benjamin Antier (1787–1870), with two collaborators Saint-Amand and Polyanthe, created the character Robert Macaire in the play l'Auberge des Adrets, a serious-minded melodrama. After the work's failure at its 1823 premiere, Frédérick Lemaître played the role as a comic figure instead. Violating all the conventions of its genre, it became a comic success and ran for a hundred performances. The transformation violated social standards that demanded crime be treated with seriousness and expected criminals to be punished appropriately. The play was soon banned, and representations of the character of Macaire were banned time and again until the 1880s. Lemaître used the character again in a sequel he co-authored titled Robert Macaire, first presented in 1835.
The British author George William MacArthur Reynolds authored a penny dreadful entitled Robert Macaire; or, The French Bandit in England (1839).
The book Physiologie du Robert-Macaire (1842) written by Pierre-Joseph Rousseau (1797–1849) and illustrated by Honoré Daumier identified Macaire with a variety of contemporary social types, all involved in "shady schemes for instant wealth", and especially Émile de Girardin (1806-1881), a businessman who promoted his financial adventures through his own newspaper, La Presse. Daumier also published a series of a hundred lithographs of Macaire in Charivari between 1836 and 1842.
Edward Jakobowski based his comic opera Erminie on an English translation of the play Robert Macaire. It premiered in London in 1885. It had a considerable success. Its first New York production ran for 571 performances.
Two silent films used the character Macaire: Robert Macaire and Bertrand (1906) and The Adventures of Robert Macaire (1925).
The French film Les Enfants du Paradis (1945), set in the 1830s, presents Pierre Brasseur as Lemaître playing the role of Macaire.
La Robert-Macaire was the name of a popular dance, mentioned along with the cancan in an 1841 play.
French cuisine includes a vegetarian potato dish called pommes de terre Macaire.
Earlier use of the name
Before Lemaître created his politically charged Macaire character, the name Robert Macaire was associated with a figure in a 14th-century legend who was required to engage in trial-by-combat with a dog. A melodrama called Le Chien de Montargis, ou la Forêt de Bondy premiered in Paris on 18 June 1814 and ran until 1834. It was translated into English and German. In an English-language compendium of oddities published in 1869, Macaire murders a man in the forest of Bondy on the outskirts of Paris. The only witness to survive in the victim's dog. King Charles V orders a trial by combat and the dog defeats Macaire, which leads to Macaire's conviction and hanging.
References
External links
Literary characters introduced in 1823
Theatre characters introduced in 1823
Fictional outlaws
Fictional career criminals
Comedy theatre characters
Male characters in theatre
Male characters in literature
Fictional French people |
Mahmoud Tawalbe (; c. 1979 - 2002) was the head of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Jenin, one of the main strongholds of the terrorist organization.
Tawalbe was involved in many attacks against Israelis but he was best known for being the leader of the Palestinian militants in Jenin during the Battle of Jenin, part of Israel's 2002 Operation Defensive Shield.
The Israeli authorities had 23-year-old Mahmoud Tawalbe, a father of two who worked in a record store but also headed the local Palestinian Islamic Jihad cell, at the top of their "wanted" list. Tawalbe was responsible for numerous attacks against Israelis, including an October 2001 shooting on the main street of Hadera, north of Tel Aviv, which killed four women. Tawalbe had dispatched his 19-year-old brother Murad on a suicide attack to Haifa in the July of that year, though Murad lost his nerve and surrendered to Israel Police. Other top Islamic Jihad targets in Jenin included Thabet Mardawi, behind a March 20 suicide bomb that killed seven Israelis on a bus, and Ali Suleiman al-Saadi, known as Safouri, who had planned a November shooting that killed two Israelis.
Tawalbe was one of the commanders in the battle over Jenin. Tawalbe ordered supporters to booby trap the entire camp in order to kill as many Israeli soldiers as possible. Even children took part in the bomb-making efforts.
During a break from the fighting on the seventh day, Tawalbe sneaked out of the camp into neighbouring Jenin to visit his mother and brother. His brother told Time that "Mahmoud looked pleased with his work", and he told his mother "Don't worry about me...I feel strong". The camp lore says Mahmoud killed 13 Israelis in the fighting.
Time visited the rubble of the house where Tawalbe died with a British military expert working in the camp for Amnesty International, David Holley. They reported that "the three-story structure shows signs of attack from two directions. One wall was charred by fire; the wall on the other side had collapsed." Holley deduced from the tank tracks and bomb craters that Tawalbe was killed by an alert IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer whose operator thwarted an attempt by Tawalbe and his gunmen to plant a bomb on the armour of a passing Israeli Armored fighting vehicle, probably by ramming the wall onto him.
After the battle of Jenin, Mahmoud Tawalbe was considered a hero by many Palestinians and Arabs worldwide. His mangled corpse was interred together with that of his fellow militant due to the difficulty in identifying the bodies, in Jenin's "Martyrs' Cemetery". Tawalbe was labeled "general of the martyrs" in posters throughout the camp, and marching children chanted his name. His terrorist attacks against Israeli civilians were hailed along with his leadership in the battle of Jenin. While Palestinians see him as a martyr, the Israelis see him as a cruel and ruthless terrorist, whose atrocities came to an end.
References
2002 deaths
Palestinian militants
Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine members
1980 births
People from Jenin Camp |
Kusuga Komolong (born 23 June 1998) is a Papua New Guinean footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for 1. FC Lintfort II in Germany. He made his debut for the national team on March 23, 2017 in their 2–1 loss against Tahiti. He has two older brothers, Alwin and Felix.
References
External links
Living people
1998 births
Men's association football goalkeepers
Papua New Guinea men's international footballers
Papua New Guinean people of German descent
Papua New Guinean men's footballers
People from Morobe Province |
IPRC may refer to:
Independent Publishing Resource Center
The International Pacific Research Center at the University of Hawaii
The proposed Indo Pacific Rugby Championship rugby union competition |
Eidsvoll Station () was a railway station at Eidsvoll in Akershus, Norway. It was located on the Trunk Line (Hovedbanen).
History
Eidsvoll Station opened in 1854 as the terminus of Norway's first railway. It had a temporary building at first, but a proper building with hotel was opened in 1858. That station building burned down on October 16, 1877. The present building was designed by Jacob Wilhelm Nordan and constructed in 1878, similar to the previous. A 20-room hotel was established in the station building which from 1924 was under the operation of Norsk Spisevognselskap, which also took over the restaurant.
The former Eidsvoll Station remained in use until 1998, when the construction of the Gardermoen Line forced the opening of the new Eidsvoll Station which was built slightly northwards to allow it to serve the Trunk Line, the Gardermoen Line and the Dovre Line.
References
Other sources
Railway stations in Eidsvoll
Railway stations on the Trunk Line
Railway stations in Norway opened in 1854
Railway stations in Norway closed in 1998
1854 establishments in Norway |
Architectonica is a genus of sea snails in the family Architectonicidae.
Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following species are included in the genus Architectonica:
Architectonica arcana Bieler, 1993
Architectonica consobrina Bieler, 1993
Architectonica grandiosa Iredale, 1931
Architectonica gualtierii Bieler, 1993
Architectonica karsteni Rutsch, 1934
Architectonica laevigata (Lamarck)
Architectonica maculata (Link, 1807)
Architectonica maxima (Philippi, 1849)
Architectonica modesta (Philippi, 1848)
Architectonica nobilis Röding, 1798 - common sundial
Architectonica perdix (Hinds, 1844)
Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus, 1758)
Architectonica proestleri Alf & Kreipl, 2001
Architectonica purpurata (Hinds, 1844)
Architectonica stellata (Philippi, 1849)
Architectonica taylori (Hanley, 1862)
Architectonica trochlearis (Hinds, 1844)
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also includes the following names in current use
Architectonica bairdii (Sowerby, 1866)
Architectonica biangulatum (Gray, 1826)
Architectonica impressum (Nevill, 1869)
Architectonica (maxima-group) Bieler, 1993
Architectonica (perspectiva-group) Bieler, 1993
Architectonica (Adelphotectonica) kuroharai(Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961-a)
Species in the genus Architectonica include:
Architectonica acuta
Architectonica acutissima
Architectonica amoena
Architectonica bellistriata
Architectonica briarti
Architectonica carocollata
Architectonica cingulatum
Architectonica cognata
Architectonica cyclostomum
Architectonica euprepes
Architectonica fimbiaea
Architectonica fuliginosum
Architectonica geminicostata
Architectonica guppyi
Architectonica krebsii
Architectonica kurodae
Architectonica lutea
Architectonica marwicki
Architectonica mediterraneum
Architectonica meekana
Architectonica melajoensis
Architectonica millegranum
Architectonica millegranum subcanaliculatum
Architectonica neerlandica
Architectonica peracuta (Dall, 1889)
Architectonica planorbis
Architectonica planulata
Architectonica quadriseriata
Architectonica quinquesulcata
Architectonica regia
Architectonica scrobiculata
Architectonica simplex
Architectonica sindermanni
Architectonica uruguaya
Architectonica voragiformis
Species brought into synonymy
Architectonica gothica Röding, 1798: synonym of Heliacus (Grandeliacus) stramineus (Gmelin, 1791)
Architectonica granulata (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Architectonica nobilis Röding, 1798
Architectonica kuroharai Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: synonym of Adelphotectonica kuroharai (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961)
Architectonica nomotoi Kosuge, 1979: synonym of Adelphotectonica nomotoi (Kosuge, 1979)
Architectonica offlexa Iredale, 1931: synonym of Adelphotectonica reevei (Hanley, 1862)
Architectonica pentacyclota Azuma, 1973: synonym of Adelphotectonica kuroharai (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961)
Architectonica picta (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Architectonica maculata (Link, 1807)
Architectonica placentalis (Hinds, 1844): synonym of Discotectonica placentalis (Hinds, 1844)
† Architectonica pseudoperspectiva (Brocchi, 1814): synonym of † Discotectonica pseudoperspective (Brocchi, 1814)
Architectonica radialis Dall, 1908: synonym of Solatisonax radialis (Dall, 1908)
Architectonica radiata Röding, 1798: synonym of Psilaxis radiatus (Röding, 1798)
Architectonica reevei (Hanley, 1862): synonym of Adelphotectonica reevei (Hanley, 1862)
Architectonica relata Iredale, 1936: synonym of Adelphotectonica reevei (Hanley, 1862)
Architectonica sindermanni Merrill & Boss, 1984: synonym of Adelphotectonica uruguaya (Carcelles, 1953)
Architectonica sunderlandi Petuch, 1987: synonym of Adelphotectonica uruguaya (Carcelles, 1953)
Architectonica valenciennesii Mörch, 1859: synonym of Architectonica nobilis Röding, 1798
Architectonica wroblewskyi Mörch, 1875: synonym of Architectonica nobilis Röding, 1798
References
ZipCodeZoo
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Bieler R. (1993). Architectonicidae of the Indo-Pacific (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 30: 1-376 [15 December]. page(s): 36
Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
Architectonicidae |
Leo Butler (born 1974 in Sheffield) is a British playwright. His plays have been staged, among others, by the Royal Court, the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Almeida Theatre. His plays have been published by Bloomsbury A & C Black. His 2001 play Redundant won the George Devine Award. Between 2005 and 2014 he was Playwriting Tutor for the Royal Court Young Writers Programme.
Plays
Made of Stone (2000) premiered as part of the Young Writers' Festival at Royal Court Theatre, directed by Deborah Bruce
Redundant (2001) premiered at Royal Court Theatre, directed by Dominic Cooke
Devotion (2002) produced by Theatre Centre premiered at Redbridge Drama Centre, directed by Liam Steel
Lucky Dog (2004) premiered at Royal Court Theatre, directed by James Macdonald
The Early Bird (2006) premiered at Queen's Theatre in the Belfast Festival, directed by Rachel O'Riordan
Heroes (2007) premiered by touring with the National Theatre, directed by Samantha Potter
Airbag (2007) a collaboration with Nigerian choreographer Anthony Odey, premiered as a Rough Cut at the Royal Court Theatre
I'll Be The Devil (2008) produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company, premiered at Tricycle Theatre, directed by Ramin Gray
Faces In The Crowd (2008) premiered at Royal Court Theatre, directed by Clare Lizzimore
Juicy Fruits (2011) produced by Paines Plough, premiered at Oran Mor, directed by George Perrin
Alison! : A Rock Opera (2012) co-written with Dan Persad premiered at King's Head Theatre, directed by Nick Bagnall
Could You Please Close The Door Please? (2012) premiered at Berlin Schaubuhne as part of the Festival of International Drama.
Sixty-Nine (2012) premiered at The Pleasance Courtyard, Edinburgh Festival Fringe, directed by Donnacadh O'Briain
Do It! (2013) premiered at Royal Court Theatre Open Court Season, directed by Ned Bennett.
Boy (2016) premiered at the Almeida Theatre, directed by Sacha Wares
Decades (2016) premiered at the Ovalhouse theatre, produced and performed by the BRIT School, directed by Eva Sampson.
Woyzeck (2018) an adaptation of Georg Buchner's original play premiered at Birmingham Repertory Theatre, directed by Roxana Silbert.
All You Need Is LSD (2018) produced by Told By An Idiot theatre company, premiered at Birmingham Repertory Theatre, directed by Paul Hunter and Stephen Harper.
Meet Mo (2020) short musical composed by Leo Butler, produced online by Theatre Royal Stratford East, directed by Eva Sampson.
Cinderella (2022) book and lyrics by Leo Butler, music and lyrics by Robert Hyman, produced by Theatre Royal Stratford East, directed by Eva Sampson.
Innocent Creatures (2023) produced by National Theatre Connections.
Film
Self Made (2011 feature) co-written with Gillian Wearing, UK Film Council/Northern Film & Media, premiered at the London Film Festival 2011.
Television
Jerusalem the Golden (2002) single drama produced by BBC Four/Fictionlab, directed by Louis Caulfield, starring Rudolph Walker and Eddie Marsan.
Music
Alison! A Rock Opera (2012) a rock opera, written by Leo Butler and Dan Persad.
The Collective Psychosis of the 21st Century (2017) an album of songs written & performed by Leo Butler and Dan Persad
Notes
1974 births
Living people
Writers from Sheffield
English dramatists and playwrights
Alumni of Rose Bruford College
English male dramatists and playwrights |
Sir James Monk (1745 – November 18, 1826) was Chief Justice of Lower Canada. Monk played a significant role in the abolition of slavery in British North America, when as Chief Justice he rendered a series of decisions regarding escaped slaves that 'while not technically abolishing slavery rendered it innocuous' (i.e. unenforceable). 'The slave could not be compelled to serve longer than he would, and ... might leave his master at will.'
Early life
James Monk was born in 1745 at Boston, Massachusetts, and christened at King's Chapel. He was the son of Judge James Monk (1717-1768) of Halifax, Nova Scotia and his wife Ann, daughter of Henry Deering of Boston. Sir James Monk was a grandson of George Monk (b.1666) of Blatchingley, who was one of the three illegitimate sons of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle. James was educated in Halifax where his father had settled in 1749. He studied law with his father from 1761 to 1767 and was admitted to the bar in 1768. After his father died leaving the family in debt, Monk took over the family's finances. In 1771, he studied law in London and on the recommendation of Lord Hillsborough he was appointed Solicitor-General of Nova Scotia in 1772, while continuing his law studies in London. In 1774, he married Ann Elizabeth Adams of St James's Street, London, who was said to be 'well connected'.
Return to Nova Scotia
In September, 1774, Monk took up his position as Solicitor-General at Halifax. Enjoying the support of Lord Dartmouth, he quickly won the support of Governor Francis Legge and by December was acting Attorney-General in the place of William Nesbitt. In 1775, he was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Yarmouth Township, taking his seat June 15, 1775, but his seat was declared vacant June 28, 1776 for non-attendance. During the American Revolution he took an active part in anti-revolutionary activity in Nova Scotia.
Career at Quebec
Neither of Monk's posts were salaried, and as the executor of Governor Francis Legge's policies Monk was unpopular in with Nova Scotian officials. This led to George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, appointing Monk Attorney-General of Lower Canada in 1776. This move did not make things easier for Monk as Germain had placed him over Governor Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester's choice, William Grant, affecting the lucrative private practice that Carleton enjoyed with Quebec's merchants. Monk was kept out of Carleton's inner circle, but his friendship with Chief Justice Peter Livius led to his appointment in 1778 to Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, a position he held for ten years.
Monk had avoided open conflict with Governor Carleton, but this did not last with Carleton's successor, Sir Frederick Haldimand who objected to Monk's opposition between policy and legality. Haldimand resurrected the dormant post of Solicitor-General to avoid having to call on Monk. In 1784, Monk lamented to his wife, "If I act with Law & Constitution legal & political I am to be . . . ruined by a Governor – If I act against them I surely shall be ruined by Ministry who will screen their Gov` under . . . my disgrace!"
Ironically, in 1786 Monk was saved by Governor Carleton who had returned to succeed Haldimand. He now acted in a private capacity as the attorney to Quebec's merchants and forcefully opposed a bill, sponsored by the French Party, that had been passed by the Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec to extend the use of French civil law in the province, which in Lord Dorchester’s words was "granting by favor to one what they refused to another."
Career
Monk served as solicitor general of Nova Scotia and was appointed attorney general of Quebec in 1776 serving until 1789 and then again from 1792 to 1794. In 1794 he was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench of Montreal. During his career Monk also served on Executive and Legislative Councils and Nova Scotia's Legislative Assembly. Monk was knighted in 1825 and in 1826, he would die at his home in Cheltenham, England at the age of 81. Monkland Avenue in Montreal is named for him. The Monk Metro Station and the are named for the Monk family, especially Frederick D. Monk, an attorney who along with purchased land belonging to the Davidson family in order to develop it, the area became Ville Émard.
Namesakes
The Monk Metro Station in Montreal is named for him, as is Monkland Avenue. The home he built in 1804, Monklands, still stands today as the central building of the Villa Maria School, Montreal.
References
Further reading
W. Stewart Wallace, editor, The Encyclopedia of Canada, Vol. IV, Toronto, University Associates of Canada, 1948, 400p., p. 320.
F. J. Audet, Sir James Monk (Les Annales, 1924)
External links
1745 births
1826 deaths
Canadian Knights Bachelor
Lawyers from Boston
Attorneys-General of Lower Canada
Chief justices of Lower Canada |
Yohannes Gebregeorgis is an Ethiopian businessman and the founder of Ethiopia Reads, a philanthropic organization committed to bringing literacy to the children of Ethiopia. In 2008, he was recognized as one of the "Top 10 Heroes of the Year" by CNN. In 2011 he was awarded Honorary Membership in the American Library Association.
Early life
Gebregeorgis grew up in the town of Negele Borana, about 12 hours from Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa. His mother could not read, and his father could only decipher a few words, but he was committed to providing his son with an education. At age 19, he picked up his first book outside of school. ‘“Books saved my life,’ Yohannes says”. From this point on, Gegregeorgis sought to read what he could get his hands on.
Education and professional life
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Yohannes Gebregeorgis was politically active and joined the resistance against the ruling military dictatorship of Ethiopia, the Derg. He sought political asylum in the United States and emigrated there in 1982. Once in the States, Gebregeorgis pursued his B.A. and eventually got his Masters of Library Science at the University of Texas. He was then offered a job as the children’s librarian at the San Francisco Public Library. There he was responsible to collect foreign language books for the children’s collection, and he soon discovered, “The library had books in more than 75 languages, but I could find none in Amharic”. This spurred him on to find books written in Ethiopia’s predominant language. When he found none, he took it upon himself to write the book Silly Mammo, a traditional Ethiopian folktale, in an Amharic and English translation. He also connected with Jane Kurtz, a children’s author, who had lived much of her childhood in Ethiopia, and she helped him publish Silly Mammo. They used the proceeds from the book to begin raising money for a literacy campaign to get books into the hands of Ethiopian children.
Ethiopia Reads
In 1998, Ethiopia Reads, the program dedicated to fostering literacy in Ethiopia, was born. In 2002, Gebregeorgis quit his job at the San Francisco Public Library and moved back to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with 15,000 books and ready to open his first free library for children. On April 5, 2003, the Shola Children’s Library opened for the children of Ethiopia. Since then, the organization helped open 10 free school libraries. The organization also sponsors the Mobile Donkey Libraries program, designed to bring books to children in rural parts of the country where they cannot access one of the many other libraries Ethiopia Reads sponsors. Ethiopia Reads also publishes books in Amharic for young Ethiopian readers.
Selected publications
In addition to his book, Silly Mammo, Gebregeorgis also wrote many reviews for School Library Journal during his time at San Francisco Public Library. A sampling is listed below.
Gebregeorgis, Yohannes. "Junior High Up: Nonfiction." School Library Journal 42.7 (1996): 104.
Gebregeorgis, Yohannes. "Grades 5 & Up: Nonfiction." School Library Journal 43.7 (1997): 100.
Gebregeorgis, Yohannes. "Preschool to Grade 4: Fiction." School Library Journal 44.8 (1998): 140.
References
External links
http://www.ethiopiareads.org/
Living people
Ethiopian philanthropists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Le Garric (; , meaning the oak tree) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.
See also
Communes of the Tarn department
References
Communes of Tarn (department) |
The 2015 Challenge Tour was the 27th season of the Challenge Tour, the official development tour to the European Tour.
Schedule
The following table lists official events during the 2015 season.
Rankings
For full rankings, see 2015 Challenge Tour graduates.
The rankings were titled as the Road to Oman and were based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Euros. The top 15 players on the tour earned status to play on the 2016 European Tour.
Notes
References
External links
Challenge Tour seasons
Challenge Tour
Challenge Tour |
Listener(s) or The Listener(s) may refer to:
Literature
The Listener (magazine), a 1929–1991 British weekly covering broadcast media
New Zealand Listener, a 1939–2020 weekly magazine covering politics and culture
The Listeners (novel), a 1972 novel by James Gunn
The Listeners, a 1912 poetry collection, or the title poem, by Walter de la Mare
The Listeners, a 1970 novel by Monica Dickens
The Listeners, a 2021 novel by Jordan Tannahill
Ashema the Listener, a Marvel Comics character
Music
Listener (band), an American spoken-word rock band
The Listener (album), by Jeff Williams, 2013
The Listeners, an opera by Missy Mazzoli
Television
The Listener (TV series), a 2009–2014 Canadian fantasy drama series
Listeners, a 2020 Japanese anime series
Other uses
Listener (computing) or event handler, in computer programming, a callback subroutine that handles inputs
Listener, a prisoner in a UK jail trained by Samaritans to provide support to other prisoners
See also
Hearing (sense)
Listen (disambiguation)
Listening (disambiguation) |
Belin (, also Romanized as Belin) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 16 families.
References
Populated places in Kermanshah County |
The Men's Indoor Hockey World Cup is an international indoor field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The tournament was first held in 2003 and it is held every four years.
Format
Twelve qualified teams will be divided into two pools. The top two in their pool qualified for first to fourth classification, while third and fourth qualified for fifth to eighth classification, the last two teams will play for the last four placings.
Qualification
Qualification is set by the governing body, the International Hockey Federation. The qualified teams include the host country, continental champions and the most recent World Cup final ranking.
Summaries
Performance by nation
Team appearances
See also
Indoor hockey at the World Games
Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
Women's Indoor Hockey World Cup
References
External links
FIH website
World Cup
World championships in hockey variants
Recurring sporting events established in 2003 |
Bembidion kuprianovii is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
kuprianovii
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1843 |
Lotus ononopsis is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
References
ononopsis
Endemic flora of Socotra
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Isaac Bayley Balfour |
"Mofo" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the third track on their 1997 album Pop, and was released as the album's final single on 8 December 1997. The song was partially written about lead vocalist Bono's mother, who died when he was 14 years old. Other songs which Bono wrote about his mother include "Lemon", "I Will Follow", "Iris (Hold Me Close)" and "Tomorrow".
"Mofo" opened every concert from the 1997–1998 PopMart Tour. It appears in the concert film PopMart: Live from Mexico City and also on Hasta la Vista Baby!, a live album from the same show.
British electronica band Underworld also recorded a remix that was never released.
Recording and composition
"Mofo" originated from a songwriting trip that guitarist the Edge and lead vocalist Bono took to Nice, France, before U2 began the recording sessions for Pop. The song originally had a blues feeling to it, with Bono playing wah-wah guitar, but it evolved after the band began working on it in the studio and bassist Adam Clayton added a bassline in the style of Motown. Producer Flood said that it was a relatively traditional R&B song at that stage. As the lyrics began to take shape, the band felt that they needed to make the music tougher to "capture a kind of rage as well as the inherent sexiness of rock 'n' roll". Flood thought that the song had more potential and advocated for them to "go further". The group spent months working on it before Bono said "Let's give it one more night", at which point they told Flood, "let's hip-hop it, let's strip it back, let's get a beat together, let's see where it goes". Flood and producer Howie B subsequently spent a weekend deconstructing the song. As Flood described, "Howie B was acting the maverick, playing different ideas to [U2] for feel and rhythm and they had to take it on from there." Flood singled "Mofo" out as the song from Pop on which he had the greatest influence. The resulting changes pushed the song into a more techno direction reminiscent of music by Underworld or the Prodigy. Producer Steve Osborne also contributed a "blaring" Moog synthesizer part, against which drummer Larry Mullen Jr. was able to create rhythms.
"Mofo" features a "divebombing-jet" guitar sound that the band dubbed the "747". Flood said it was named as such because it resembled a "ridiculous jet plane taking off and going absolutely mad". The Edge achieved the sound with several effects units and a creative signal chain; a Korg SDD delay pedal was fed into several distortion pedals, one of which was a Fuzz Face, which then fed into a DigiTech Whammy pitch shifting pedal. Whereas most songs on the album featured Clayton playing bass guitar with a heavily processed sound, most of the bassline on "Mofo" was played on a keyboard bass. The song also features vocal and guitar samples made by the band and then played back by the Edge on a keyboard. Some guitar parts on the song were processed through an ARP 2600 synthesiser.
By the time the final version of "Mofo" created, the band had scaled back their experimentation by removing loops and any electronic percussion from the song so that it anchored on one drum performance by Mullen that was "layered on top of some of the elements of a more techno arrangement". The Edge said that this creative process was a microcosm of how Pop was written and recorded. During the album's mastering in New York in November 1996, Flood created the final mix of "Mofo" by editing together segments of three separate mixes of the song on half-inch tape. Flood eschewed digital editing, describing himself as a "bit of a diehard analogue fan".
Critical reception
Andrew Unterberger of Stylus Magazine considers the song to be "the only legitimate evidence" of U2's supposed dance-orientated direction on the album. He said the song was "Underworld-esque house frenzy."
Music video
A promotional video directed by Maurice Linnane was created for "Mofo"; using an edited version of the Phunk Force mix, it consists of footage from the PopMart Tour, including screen visuals. The video was later released on The Best of 1990–2000 DVD.
Track listings
CD release
12-inch release
Charts
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
1997 singles
U2 songs
Island Records singles
Songs written by Bono
Songs written by the Edge
Songs written by Adam Clayton
Songs written by Larry Mullen Jr.
Song recordings produced by Flood (producer)
Songs about parenthood |
Hudson station may refer to:
Hudson station (New York), a train station in Hudson, New York, United States
Hudson station (Exo), a commuter rail station Hudson, Quebec, Canada
See also
Hudson Bay station, a railway station in Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan, Canada
Hudson Generating Station, a power plant in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States
Hudson Lake station, a train stop in Hudson Lake, Indiana, United States
Hudson (disambiguation) |
The Honda Ballade () is a subcompact automobile built by Honda of Japan. It began as a four-door higher equipment content version of the Civic in 1980. The Ballade was developed at the same time the Honda Vigor appeared, which was a higher content Honda Accord. In Japan, the Ballade was sold exclusively at Honda Verno dealerships alongside the Vigor, Prelude, CR-X, and Quint. In the UK it was launched at the same time as the very similar Triumph Acclaim with which it shared a Honda-built engine.
History
The name of the car was taken from "ballade", the French word for a ballad. Because both the four-door Ballade sedan and the five-door hatchback Quintet were both high luxury content vehicles derived from the Honda Civic, the Ballade represented a type of music, and the Quintet represented a musical group. The Ballade competed in Japan with the Toyota Sprinter, and the Nissan Laurel Spirit as the Civic competed with the Corolla, and the Sunny.
It was launched in September 1980, nine months after the agreement between Honda and British Leyland to produce their own versions of the car and work on future cars together. Although the original Ballade was never sold in Europe, British Leyland produced its own version of the Ballade - the Triumph Acclaim - from 1981 to 1984. In North America the Ballade nameplate was never used, the model instead being sold as the Civic Sedan.
After 1984, the Ballade shared most of its body panels with the Civic, except for a sportier front end, and formed the basis of the CR-X sports car and the original Rover 200. Of this second generation Ballade the top model - EX-i - featured a 1.5L naturally aspirated 12-valve all-aluminium engine with multi-point fuel injection (using Honda's PGM-FI system) developing , the same engine was used on the first generation Civic CRX. Other features of the EX-i included electric windows all-round, electric and heated wing mirrors, metallic paint, vented front disc brakes and hydraulic power-assisted steering. Lower specification models featured the same 1.5L engine but with fueling provided via a carburetor, producing . In keeping with the styling trend shared with other Honda Verno products, the second generation car adopted partially concealed headlights starting in 1983, shared with the Vigor, Quint Integra, Ballade Sports CR-X, and the Prelude.
The Ballade in Japan was replaced in September 1987, with the Honda Concerto 5-door hatchback and sedan as the luxury Civic offering at newly established Honda Clio dealerships in Japan. As the Ballade was essentially a luxury version of the Civic sedan, Honda repositioned the Ballade from Honda Verno, first with the Concerto name, then renamed again as the Honda Domani at Honda Clio, and introduced it with the Honda Accord, the Honda Inspire, and the Honda Legend in 1992, with the Civic now headlining at Honda Primo stores. The sport-oriented version of the Civic loosely held by the Ballade evolved into the Honda Integra, and assumed the market position originally held by the Ballade at Honda Verno dealership locations.
In South Africa, the name plate was revived in 2011 for the Honda City sold in other markets.
South Africa
1980–1983
1300cc Twin carb, 5-speed manual or 3-speed automatic
E-series engine
1984–1987
Known in South Africa as the SC9, or informally as the "popup" as to not confuse it with the SH4. This particular model had motorised eyelids which popped up when the main headlights were switched on.
Engines included 1.3-liter 12-valve EV, 1.5-liter 12-valve EW, 1.5-liter 12-valve PGMFI EW and ZC (first gen) D-series.
1988–1991
Also known as the Honda Civic series EF (internationally), the Civic Sedan, or the Ballade series SH4 (South Africa).
Known on the streets of South Africa as "DOHC" as not to confuse it with the SC9 or SR4
Engines includes:
D15B3
D16A7
D16A9
D-series engines
1992–1995
South African chassis code SR4
Engines:
D15B3 - 69 kW
D16A7 - 86 kW
D16A9 - 96 kW
B18B3 - 97 kW
1996–2000
In 1996 the Ballade and Civic got a facelift with a total of 12 changes. Honda & Colt(Mitsubishi) Division of Mercedes-Benz of South Africa marketing manager Guy Franken says: "With a total 12 derivatives in the range we believe that we have the entire small/intermediate car market covered and offer value in performance, specification, safety and affordability."
These changes include:
A beverage holder
The velour colour of the bolsters in the Luxline has been changed to a more modern blue/grey.
A more pronounced grooved styling line in the bonnet.
A larger H-emblem on the grille.
Redesigned bumpers with no inserts.
A Becker A7 radio/tape was fitted in all Luxline models.
An anti-shock gearbox on the Ballade 180i Luxline Automatic.
Lightweight alloy wheels on the 180i and VTEC models and full wheel covers on the others.
There was also an AMG (Mercedes Benz) version sold at AMG dealers since AMG Managed the racing team. It had some small modifications that allowed it to produce 129kW in B16A6 format. A Sport trim was also available, it added Sport badges, an aluminum gear knob like the DC2 Type R and subtle suspension tuning.
The engines available:
D15Z4
D16Y9
B18B4 118 kW
B16A6
D-series engines and B-series engines
Ballade (South Africa) reintroduction
The Ballade name continued to be used for a Civic-based model in South Africa, where it was used instead of Civic on locally produced versions until 2001. South African Ballades were assembled by the local subsidiary of Daimler-Benz, which wanted to market a smaller and cheaper car in addition to its Mercedes-Benz models. The Ballade name was adopted because it was perceived to have more luxury and upmarket connotations than the Civic name. This was important because the Ballade was sold through the Mercedes-Benz dealership channel.
Since March 2011, the City is sold as the Ballade in South Africa.
References
External links
Ballade
Cars introduced in 1980
Compact cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles |
Alosa algeriensis, the North African shad, is a Mediterranean species of clupeid fish in the shad genus Alosa.
Location
Alosa algeriensis is primarily found in the Mediterranean Sea from northern Morocco to northern Tunisia. They are also found in Sardinia, Italy with landlocked populations in Lake Ichkeul, Tunisia and Sardinia, Italy.
Biology and life cycle
Alosa algeriensis males will begin upriver migration at about 3–4 years old while females do not begin until about 4–5 years old. The juveniles migrate to the mouth of rivers until they mature. Once temperatures rise above 20 degrees Celsius, they will begin their spawn. Mortality usually occurs after spawning. Mortality after spawning is very common in species of the genus Alosa. This is primarily around the month of May.
References
algeriensis
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Marine fish of Africa
Fish of North Africa
Fish described in 1916
Habitats Directive Species |
Schießbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Saale near Hirschberg.
See also
List of rivers of Bavaria
References
Rivers of Bavaria
Rivers of Germany |
Arthur Fils defeated Francisco Cerúndolo in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 ATP Lyon Open. It was his first ATP Tour title.
Cameron Norrie was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Cerúndolo.
Mikael Ymer was defaulted during his second-round match against Fils after he smashed the umpire's chair with his racket.
Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky loser
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
References
External links
Main draw
Qualifying draw
ATP Lyon Open - Singles
Lyon Open
2023 in French tennis |
The Luxembourg national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of Luxembourg. It is controlled by the Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. Luxembourg is currently ranked 43rd in the IIHF World Rankings and competes at Division II of the IIHF World Championships. They won their first tournament in 2017 at the Division III level.
History
Luxembourg joined the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1912, though did not participate in the World Championship until 1992, when they placed fifth in Group C2, the lowest tier. They would not return to the tournament until 2000, though except for 2001 have been a regular participant since then.
The team plays in the colours of the national flag: red, white, and light blue. The squad is coached by Petr Fical of Germany and captained by Ronny Scheier. Monique Scheier-Schneider served as the team's general manager from the 2005 to 2007 world championships.
In the 2007 World Championships, Luxembourg finished third in Division III, narrowly missing out on promotion to Division II after being defeated 4–3 by hosts Ireland in overtime. Luxembourg has never competed in ice hockey at the Olympics. They placed third at the 2009 IIHF World Championship Division III in Dunedin, New Zealand. They won their first tournament in 2017 at the Division III level.
IIHF World Championships
All-time record
References
External links
IIHF profile
National Teams of Ice Hockey
Ice hockey teams in Luxembourg
National ice hockey teams in Europe |
Ray O'Brien (born 21 May 1951) is an Irish former professional footballer.
Early life
O'Brien was born in Dublin.
Career
O'Brien began his career with Shelbourne before transferring to Manchester United.
He was then transferred to Notts County in 1974 for £45,000 without making the first team at Old Trafford.
At Meadow Lane he created a club record in 1979–80 when he became the first full back to finish as leading scorer. He spent ten years at County making over 300 Football League appearances.
He also won five caps for the Republic of Ireland, making his debut on 24 March 1976 in a 3–0 home win over Norway in a friendly game.
He later managed non-League clubs including Boston United and Arnold Town.
His brother Fran O'Brien also played for his country.
References
Sources
The Complete Who's Who of Irish International Football, 1945-96 (1996):Stephen McGarrigle
Gifted in Green, Adam Ward, 1999. PB p. 23
External links
1951 births
Living people
Association footballers from County Dublin
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Republic of Ireland men's international footballers
Republic of Ireland men's under-23 international footballers
League of Ireland players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Republic of Ireland association football managers
Boston United F.C. managers
Arnold Town F.C. managers
Men's association football defenders |
The Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.7 was a British two-seat light bomber and reconnaissance biplane designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory and built under contracts by the Coventry Ordnance Works, Austin, Napier and Siddeley-Deasy for the Royal Flying Corps.
Development
Developed from the R.E.5 the R.E.7 was designed to carry heavier loads and also suitable for escort and reconnaissance duties. It was an-unequal span biplane with a fixed tailskid landing gear and powered by a nose-mounted 120 hp (89 kW) Beardmore engine driving a four-bladed propeller. The aircraft was built by a number of different contractors with the first aircraft operational with the Royal Flying Corps in France in early 1916. The aircraft had two open cockpits with the observer/gunner in the forward cockpit under the upper wing and the pilot aft.
Operational history
It was soon found that the aircraft could not be used as an escort due to the limited field of fire for the single lewis gun but the R.E.7 had a useful payload and was soon used as a light bomber with the more powerful engine (either a 150 hp (112 kW) RAF 4a or 160 hp (119 kW) Beardmore). Over a quarter of the aircraft built were used in France in the middle of 1916 but their slow speed and low ceiling with a bomb load made them vulnerable to attack. The R.E.7s were withdrawn and used for training and a number were used as engine test beds. Use was made of them as target tugs trailing a sleeve drogue for air-to-air firing practice, probably one of the first aircraft to do this.
At least two R.E.7s were converted to three seaters.
Operator
Royal Flying Corps
No. 9 Squadron RFC
No. 12 Squadron RFC
No. 19 Squadron RFC
No. 20 Squadron RFC
No. 21 Squadron RFC
No. 37 Squadron RFC
No. 49 Squadron RFC
Specifications (light bomber)
See also
References
RAF R.E.7 – British Aircraft Directory
1910s British bomber aircraft
RE07
Aircraft first flown in 1915 |
Peter McCracken may refer to:
Pete McCracken, Australian composer, guitarist and singer-songwriter
Peter McCracken (footballer, born 1883) (1883–1936), Australian rules footballer for St Kilda
Peter McCracken (footballer, born 1949), Australian rules footballer for South Melbourne
Peter McCracken (footballer, born 1869) (1872–1948), Scottish footballer for Chesterfield Town, Middlesbrough and Nottingham Forest
See also
Peter McCrackan (1844–1928), Australian politician |
The 2001 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 2001 college football season. The Gators competed in Division I-A of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), playing their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus.
They were coached by Steve Spurrier, who posted an overall win–loss record of 10–2 (.833) for his twelfth and final season before departing to the National Football League (NFL). Spurrier led the Gators to a 56–23 Orange Bowl victory over the Maryland Terrapins in his final game.
Sophomore quarterback Rex Grossman threw for over 4,000 yards and was Heisman Trophy runner-up. Grossman, wide receiver Jabar Gaffney and defensive end Alex Brown were consensus All-Americans. Brown's 33 sacks is still a school record for a career.
Before the season
The Gators were ranked preseason No. 1.
Schedule
Sources: 2012 Florida Football Media Guide, and GatorZone.com.
September 11 impact
The annual rivalry game with Tennessee scheduled for September 15, was rescheduled to the final week of the regular season as a result of the September 11 attacks.
Season summary
Marshall
The season opened at night in the Swamp on September 1 with a 49–14 triumph over quarterback Byron Leftwich and the Marshall Thundering Herd.
Rex Grossman had a career-high in passing yards by halftime, including a 64-yard touchdown reception by Taylor Jacobs.
The defense also played well as Alex Brown and linebacker Andra Davis had two sacks each.
Louisiana–Monroe
In the second week of play, the Gators overwhelmed the Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks 55–6. Grossman passed for 331 yards and three touchdowns, including two thrown to Jabar Gaffney.
Grossman fumbled the game's first exchange from center, and Louisiana-Monroe capitalized on the opportunity when it scored the game's first touchdown. "It was just an awkward start." said Grossman.
As usual, the Gators and Tennessee Volunteers were slated to meet on the 3rd Saturday of September. However, the SEC canceled all games on the weekend following the September 11 attacks, and all contests were rescheduled for December 1, 2001, requiring the SEC Championship Game to be pushed back a week as well.
Kentucky
Florida traveled to Lexington and beat the Kentucky Wildcats 44–10. Grossman passed for 302 yards and four touchdowns.
The Gators struggled early and led just 16–3 at the half, but eventually thrashed the Wildcats with four touchdowns in the second half.
After Kentucky made a touchdown, Earnest Graham sprung lose for a 50-yard touchdown run in the third period to go up 30–10.
Mississippi State
The following week, Florida avenged last year's loss to the 21st-ranked Mississippi State Bulldogs by shutting them out 52–0. Grossman had 317 yards passing in just the first half. The Gators had 640 yards of total offense on the day, the most in school history for an SEC game.
Grossman passed for 393 yards and five touchdowns in total, becoming the first Florida quarterback to throw for 300 yards in four straight games.
Andra Davis, who missed last year's game, excelled on the defensive side of the ball from his linebacker position with eight tackles and a fumble recovery.
LSU
In Baton Rouge, the Gators defeated the eighteenth-ranked LSU Tigers 44–15. Grossman threw for 319 yards and four touchdowns in just the first half, and by game's end had a school-record 464 yards.
Florida finished with 632 yards of total offense. LSU quarterback Rohan Davey left the game with a hyperextended knee.
"I thought he was a serious candidate for the Heisman Trophy before we played them", said LSU coach Nick Saban, "Now I'm convinced of it." "I think he is a tremendous quarterback" echoed LSU safety Ryan Clark.
Auburn
Coach Tommy Tuberville's unranked Auburn Tigers upset the top-ranked Gators 23–20. The Tigers were 21-point underdogs when they met the Gators at Jordan–Hare Stadium.
Gators quarterback Rex Grossman completed twenty-five of forty-two passes for 364 yards and two touchdowns, but also threw four interceptions. The Gators dominated statistically, but the Tigers' bend-but-don't-break defense held the Gators rushing game to negative yardage.
Tigers back-up quarterback Daniel Cobb was not so flashy, but played mistake-free football, and the game was tied at 20 late in the fourth quarter. With 10 seconds left, Tigers placekicker Damon Duval nailed a 44-yard field goal and the Tigers upset the Gators.
Georgia
Florida defeated Georgia 24–10 in the annual rivalry game, overcoming four turnovers and twelve penalties. Grossman passed for 407 yards. Earnest Graham rushed for 131 yards.
The Bulldogs missed a field goal and failed to convert three fourth downs in the second half. The lone score of the second half was a 30-yard touchdown pass to Reche Caldwell. Florida moved into a first-place tie with Tennessee.
Vanderbilt
At homecoming, Florida crushed the Vanderbilt Commodores 71–13. The Gators never punted, and forced five turnovers. They were up 71–0 in the fourth quarter and still tossing passes, amassing 571 total yards in all. Eleven Gators got receptions, and Taylor Jacobs had a breakout game.
Playing just in the first half, Grossman threw for 306 yards and three touchdowns. Backup quarterback Brock Berlin threw three more in the second.
South Carolina
In Columbia, the Gators routed the fourteenth-ranked South Carolina Gamecocks 54–17. The game started shaky for the Gators as Lito Sheppard fumbled the opening kickoff, leading to an easy Gamecock score. A touchdown pass to Jabar Gaffney late in the first quarter started the scoring barrage.
Grossman had his ninth-consecutive 300-yard passing game, and exceeded 5,000 yards passing for his career.
Florida State
Florida easily defeated the rival Florida State Seminoles 37–13. However, the Gators' starting running back Earnest Graham had been controversially injured in Florida's win and was unable the next week to play against Tennessee.
Graham and coach Spurrier accused Darnell Dockett of deliberately twisting Graham's knee, as well as stomping on Grossman's hand. Graham even considered a lawsuit. Dockett denied these charges.
Tennessee
As the season progressed, the postponed game with Tennessee took on greater and greater importance. Each squad suffered only one close loss and entered the contest with Tennessee ranked No. 6 and Florida ranked No. 2. The winner was to represent the SEC East and face LSU in the SEC Championship. With a win in that game, the Gators or Vols were likely to receive an invitation to the Rose Bowl to face the undefeated Miami Hurricanes with a national title on the line. Despite the teams' identical records and much to the chagrin of the Vols, the Gators were 17-and-a-half point favorites at kickoff.
The Volunteers went on to dash the Gators' national title hopes with a 34–32 upset, ending a 30-year winless drought against Florida in Gainesville. The star of the game was Volunteer running back Travis Stephens, who rushed for 226 yards and two touchdowns on 19 carries to lead the Vols' attack. Without Graham, Florida managed only 36 total yards on the ground. Gator quarterback Rex Grossman threw 51 times for 362 yards and two touchdowns, but his pass on a potentially game-tying two-point conversion attempt with just over a minute left in the 4th quarter fell incomplete.
Orange Bowl (vs. Maryland)
Florida was invited to the Orange Bowl, where they beat Maryland 56–23.
Taylor Jacobs - MVP
Awards and honors
Grossman was the Heisman Trophy runner-up to Nebraska quarterback Eric Crouch, in one of the trophy's closest ballots. Many feel Grossman should have won.
Both Crouch and Grossman made AP All-American.
Spurrier's resignation
In early January, Steve Spurrier said that he was resigning as Florida's head coach after 12 seasons.
Personnel
Statistics
QB Rex Grossman: 279/423 (66.0%) for 4,144 yards (9.80 YPA) with 38 TD vs. 12 INT (2.84%)
QB Brock Berlin: 47/79 (59.5%) for 679 yards (8.59 YPA) with 10 TD vs. 3 INT (3.80%)
RB Earnest Graham: 141 carries for 799 yards (5.67 YPC) with 11 TD. 12 catches for 129 yards (10.75 YPC) with 0 TD.
RB Robert Gillespie: 98 carries for 458 yards (4.67 YPC) with 2 TD. 45 catches for 474 yards (10.53 YPC) with 2 TD.
WR Jabar Gaffney: 74 catches for 1,309 yards (17.69 YPC) with 15 TD.
WR Reche Caldwell: 69 catches for 1,106 yards (16.03 YPC) with 10 TD.
WR Taylor Jacobs: 48 catches for 882 yards (18.38 YPC) with 9 TD.
K Jeff Chandler: 19 FGM and 54 XPM.
Notes
References
Bibliography
2009 Southeastern Conference Football Media Guide, Florida Year-by-Year Records, Southeastern Conference, Birmingham, Alabama, p. 60 (2009).
2012 Florida Football Media Guide, University Athletic Association, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 107–116 (2012).
Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). .
Golenbock, Peter, Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002). .
Hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002). .
Florida
Florida Gators football seasons
Southeastern Conference football champion seasons
Orange Bowl champion seasons
Florida Gators football |
Princess Noor bint Asem (; born 6 October 1982) is a member of the Jordanian royal family.
Family
Her father is Prince Asem bin Al Nayef, a grandson of King Abdullah I of Jordan and her mother is Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Her mother lives in Madrid, Spain, where she is an attaché for the Jordanian Embassy.
Princess Noor's parents divorced in 1985 and in 1986 her father married Princess Sana Asem.
Education
Having studied her IGCSE's and A Levels at Kings College, Madrid, Spain, she then went on to graduate with a bachelor's degree in Political Communication from Emerson College in 2004, then a master's degree in Positive Leadership and Strategy in 2016 from IE Business School of Behavior and Social Sciences, Madrid.
Marriages
On 29 August 2003, the Royal Jordanian Court announced Princess Noor's marriage to Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, her second cousin, had taken place. The marriage ceremony was held at al-Baraka Palace in Amman. The celebration of the marriage (Zifaf) was held on 27 May 2004 at Zahran Palace in Amman. The marriage produced one daughter, Princess Haya bint Hamzah (born 18 April 2007).
The couple divorced on 9 September 2009, although the divorce was not confirmed by the Royal Jordanian Court until an announcement in March 2010. Thereafter, Princess Noor reverted to the use of her maiden name Princess Noor bint Asem.
In March 2018, Princess Noor officially announced her engagement to Saudi businessman and horse breeder Amr Zedan, the future owner of the disqualified 2021 Kentucky Derby winner, Medina Spirit. The couple were married at the King Hussein Bin Talal Convention Centre, Dead Sea, Jordan, on 22 June 2018. The couple's first child, a son named Talal, was born on 27 March 2019. Their second child, a son named Abdullah, was born on 20 December 2020.
Honours
National Honours
Jordan:
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan
Foreign Honours
Netherlands:
Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau (30.10.2006)
References
1982 births
Emerson College alumni
House of Hashim
Jordanian people of Iranian descent
Jordanian princesses
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Living people
People from Amman |
Colbie Young is an American football wide receiver for the Miami Hurricanes. He previously played for the Lackawanna Falcons.
Early life and high school
Young grew up in Binghamton, New York and attended Binghamton High School, where he played basketball and football. He was named first-team Class AA all-state as a senior after scoring 14 touchdowns in eight games played.
College career
Young began his collegiate career at Lackawanna College. As a freshman, he caught 24 passes for 472 yards and nine touchdowns. After his freshman year Young transferred to Miami over offers from Florida State, Tennessee, Penn State, Virginia Tech, and Pittsburgh.
Young became a starter at wide receiver for the Miami Hurricanes midway through his first season with the team. He finished the season with 22 receptions for 367 yards and led the team with five touchdown receptions.
References
External links
Lackawanna College Falcons bio
Miami Hurricanes bio
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Players of American football from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Binghamton, New York
American football wide receivers
Lackawanna Falcons football players
Miami Hurricanes football players |
The Morse River is a tidal river in Phippsburg, Maine. It flows directly into the Atlantic Ocean, west of the mouth of the Kennebec River.
See also
List of rivers of Maine
References
Maine Streamflow Data from the USGS
Maine Watershed Data From Environmental Protection Agency
Rivers of Sagadahoc County, Maine
Rivers of Maine |
Beverly Sebastian is an American film director, writer, and cinematographer whose independent films in the 1970s and 1980s were predominantly exploitation pictures similar to the work of Roger Corman and other directors in the 1960s at independent studios like American International Pictures. Her husband, Ferd Sebastian, often co-directed with her.
After directing Running Cool in 1993, she and her husband retired to Florida. As of 2012, Sebastian runs the Greyhound Foundation which saves Greyhound dogs retired from racing, gives them medical assistance and trains them with prisoners.
Director and writer filmography
Running Cool (1993)
American Angels: Baptism of Blood (1989)
'Gator Bait II: Cajun Justice (1988)
Rocktober Blood (1984)
On the Air Live with Captain Midnight (1979)
Delta Fox (1979)
Flash and the Firecat (1975)
'Gator Bait (1974)
The Single Girls (1974)
The Hitchhikers (1972)
Red, White and Blue (1971)
References
External links
Living people
American film directors
American production designers
American women film directors
American women screenwriters
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women film producers
Women production designers
21st-century American women |
```objective-c
//your_sha256_hash------------
#ifndef ConsoleH
#define ConsoleH
//your_sha256_hash------------
#include "HistoryComboBox.hpp"
#include "PathLabel.hpp"
#include <System.Classes.hpp>
#include <Vcl.ActnList.hpp>
#include <Vcl.Controls.hpp>
#include <Vcl.ExtCtrls.hpp>
#include <Vcl.ImgList.hpp>
#include <Vcl.Menus.hpp>
#include <Vcl.StdActns.hpp>
#include <Vcl.StdCtrls.hpp>
//your_sha256_hash------------
#include "WinInterface.h"
#include <Terminal.h>
#include "PngImageList.hpp"
#include <Vcl.Imaging.pngimage.hpp>
#include <System.Actions.hpp>
#include <GUITools.h>
//your_sha256_hash------------
class TConsoleDialog : public TForm
{
__published:
TMemo *OutputMemo;
TBevel *Bevel1;
TLabel *Label1;
TLabel *Label2;
TLabel *Label4;
TButton *CancelBtn;
THistoryComboBox *CommandEdit;
TButton *ExecuteButton;
TPathLabel *DirectoryLabel;
TButton *HelpButton;
TPngImageList *Images;
TPopupMenu *PopupMenu;
TMenuItem *SelectAllItem;
TMenuItem *CopyItem;
TMenuItem *N1;
TMenuItem *AdjustWindowItem;
TActionList *ActionList;
TEditCopy *EditCopy;
TEditSelectAll *EditSelectAll;
TAction *AdjustWindow;
TImage *Image;
TPngImageList *Images120;
TPngImageList *Images144;
TPngImageList *Images192;
void __fastcall ExecuteButtonClick(TObject *Sender);
void __fastcall CommandEditChange(TObject *Sender);
void __fastcall HelpButtonClick(TObject *Sender);
void __fastcall ActionListExecute(TBasicAction *Action, bool &Handled);
void __fastcall ActionListUpdate(TBasicAction *Action, bool &Handled);
void __fastcall FormShow(TObject *Sender);
void __fastcall OutputMemoContextPopup(TObject *Sender, TPoint &MousePos,
bool &Handled);
void __fastcall FormCloseQuery(TObject *Sender, bool &CanClose);
private:
TTerminal * FTerminal;
TTerminal * FLastTerminal;
TNotifyEvent FOldChangeDirectory;
TNotifyEvent FPrevTerminalClose;
TRect FAutoBounds;
bool FClearExceptionOnFail;
bool FDirectoryChanged;
bool FExecuting;
void __fastcall DoExecuteCommand();
void __fastcall ExecuteCommand();
void __fastcall SetTerminal(TTerminal * value);
void __fastcall TerminalClose(TObject * Sender);
void __fastcall AddLine(const UnicodeString & Line, TCaptureOutputType OutputType);
protected:
void __fastcall DoChangeDirectory(TObject * Sender);
void __fastcall UpdateControls();
virtual void __fastcall CreateParams(TCreateParams & Params);
virtual void __fastcall Dispatch(void * Message);
void __fastcall DoAdjustWindow();
INTERFACE_HOOK;
public:
virtual __fastcall ~TConsoleDialog();
virtual __fastcall TConsoleDialog(TComponent* AOwner);
bool __fastcall Execute(const UnicodeString Command = L"",
const TStrings * Log = NULL);
__property TTerminal * Terminal = { read = FTerminal, write = SetTerminal };
};
//your_sha256_hash------------
#endif
``` |
Quilticohyla zoque, the Zoque tree frog, is a frog. It is endemic to Mexico, where it has been observed in evergreen tropical forests between 76 and 600 meters above sea level.
The iris of the frog's eye is pale pink.
References
Frogs of North America
Endemic amphibians of Mexico
Amphibians described in 2017
zoque |
The Arthur Williams Homestead, Feed storage Shed is a historic farm outbuilding on Farwell Road, on the outskirts of Bradford, Arkansas. It is a -story structure, with a gable-roofed box frame structure at its center, flanked by frame shed-roof sections. The central portion was built c. 1915 as a residence, and about 1930 it was converted for use as a feed shed, with the shed additions added at that time. It is locally distinctive for the style of box frame construction in the central section, which is not commonly found in White County.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Arkansas
References
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in White County, Arkansas
Houses completed in 1915
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
1930 establishments in Arkansas
Houses in White County, Arkansas |
Charles Moore, 2nd Marquess of Drogheda (23 August 1770 – 6 February 1837), styled Viscount Moore until 1822, was an Irish peer. He went insane when he was about twenty, and spent the rest of his life at the private asylum at Greatford, Lincolnshire, which had been founded by the renowned physician Francis Willis.
He was the eldest son of Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda, and Lady Anne Seymour Conway, daughter of Francis Seymour, 1st Marquess of Hertford. Some sources give his first name as Edward. When he was about the age of twenty he began to show signs of mental illness, which may have been hereditary. He was elected to the Irish House of Commons as member for Queen's County in 1790, but unseated the following year on foot of a petition that he was disqualified by reason of insanity. Despite this, he was given the rank of captain-lieutenant in the Royal Irish Artillery in 1793; Lord Moore's father was colonel of the regiment.
He was placed in the care of Dr Francis Willis at Greatford Hall. Willis had won renown in 1789 for curing King George III of what was thought then to be insanity but is now generally agreed to have been porphyria. His treatment involved a regimen of fresh air and manual labour. Whether the treatment had any success in Lord Drogheda's case is unclear, but certainly, there was no significant recovery of his mental faculties, as there had been in the case of the King; Drogheda remained at Greatford until his death in 1837. He was unmarried and his titles passed to his nephew Henry Moore, 3rd Marquess of Drogheda.
The cause of his mental illness is unclear, but it is significant that his mother's family had a history of eccentricity and mental instability. Lord Castlereagh, who committed suicide in 1822, was Lord Drogheda's first cousin and the increasingly strange behaviour which culminated in his death was thought by some to be due to a hereditary mental illness inherited from the Seymour Conway family, to which his mother, as well as Drogheda's, belonged.
Notes
References
1770 births
1837 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Irish soldiers
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Marquesses of Drogheda
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for Queen's County constituencies |
Kajagoogoo were a British new wave band, best known for their 1983 hit single "Too Shy", which reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart, and the top 10 in numerous other countries.
History
Beginnings (1978–1982)
Formed in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, in 1978, the band were originally known as Art Nouveau, a four-piece avant-garde group, with Nick Beggs on bass guitar, Steve Askew on lead guitar, Stuart Croxford Neale on keyboards, and Jez Strode on drums. In 1981 Art Nouveau recorded and self-released a single, "Fear Machine/Animal Instincts", which sold a few hundred copies and allegedly got airtime on John Peel's show. The B-Side of Art Nouveau's single was re-recorded for the B-Side of the Ooh to Be Ah 7-inch single. In spite of the single and continuous local live performances, the band failed to secure a record deal during this period.
In 1982, Art Nouveau advertised for a new lead singer. They ultimately auditioned and chose Christopher Hamill, who then went under the stage name Limahl (an anagram of his surname). The group renamed themselves Kajagoogoo, a name coined phonetically from the first sounds that many infants make.
Success and decline (1982–1985)
The band signed with EMI Records in July 1982 after Limahl had met keyboardist Nick Rhodes of the group Duran Duran while working as a waiter at London's Embassy Club. Rhodes co-produced the band's first single, "Too Shy" with Duran Duran's EMI producer Colin Thurston. The single was released on 10 January 1983 and topped the UK Singles Chart.
Follow-up singles "Ooh to Be Aah" and "Hang on Now" also both reached the UK Top 20, and the group's debut album White Feathers reached No. 5 in the UK Albums Chart. After being the support act for the Birmingham band Fashion in late 1982, Kajagoogoo embarked on their own headlining White Feathers tour in Spring 1983. Their performance on 31 May at the London Hammersmith Odeon was filmed and released on home video.
As success came, tensions began to rise in the band, and they culminated in Limahl being fired by the other band members in mid-1983, with Nick Beggs then taking over as lead singer. In response, Limahl accused the others of being envious of him and said "I've been betrayed!" and "I was sacked for making them a success." The other band members countered Limahl's assertions, insisting that he had become egomaniacal and increasingly difficult to work with. Soon after the departure, Beggs commented, "It was a business decision and not one we took lightly. He wanted the band to go in a different direction to the rest of us. Eventually, we realised we were on a different planet to Limahl." Beggs also stated that the band harboured no ill will towards Limahl, and blamed the press for sensationalising the matter. Guitarist Steve Askew commented "At first ... we did everything possible to make Limahl feel like part of the furniture but, you know, his lifestyle is so different from ours. We're very normal people whereas Limahl likes the bright lights."
The first single by the new four-piece lineup, "Big Apple", was released in September 1983 and reached the UK Top Ten. Their next single, "The Lion's Mouth", was released in February 1984 and made the UK Top 30. After this, public interest in the group waned, and their next single "Turn Your Back on Me" failed to make the Top 40. The subsequent new album, Islands, was a commercial disappointment, peaking at No. 35 in the UK.
In the U.S., the band first adopted the Kaja moniker at this time, and a different edition of the Islands album was released as Extra Play, peaking at No. 185 on the Billboard charts. However, the single "Turn Your Back on Me" did well on the U.S. Dance Charts, peaking at No. 2 for two weeks. Meanwhile, Limahl went on to equally brief success as a solo artist and Strode left the band.
In an attempt to regain credibility and lose their light-hearted image, the remaining three members relaunched as Kaja in the UK in 1985. Following the name change, the band released the single "Shouldn't Do That" (UK No. 63) in August 1985. The song was featured on their third album, Crazy People's Right to Speak. After this proved unsuccessful, the group disbanded in December 1985.
Reunions (2003–2011)
The original five-piece line-up of the band briefly joined forces again on VH1's Bands Reunited in 2003.
Following the much publicised VH1 reunion, the original group received many offers and incentives to continue to play together, but disagreements continued between the band members and the reunion was short-lived, as Limahl and Strode both departed the band again shortly thereafter, ultimately leading them to dissolve the following year. The group felt that the VH1 feature was unfairly edited to portray simplified reasons as to why Limahl was fired and Strode had left the band in the 1980s.
In 2007, Nick Beggs, Steve Askew, and Stuart Neale decided to continue as Kajagoogoo, releasing the single "Rocket Boy" on 24 June 2007. The single received airplay on Steve Wright's BBC Radio 2 show in the UK, and a new album, Gone to the Moon, was scheduled for release on the Spectra Records label later on that year. However, the album was postponed, and in February 2008, the three Kajagoogoo members announced plans to reunite with original members singer Limahl and drummer Jez Strode. This was due in part to Bradley Snelling, the organiser of the Retrofest event and the band's new manager. Snelling had succeeded in reuniting the band, arranging their first photo shoot together in 25 years.
The band wrote on their official site that the "atmosphere was relaxed, jovial and, after 25 years, Kajagoogoo, in their original five-piece line-up are back". After reforming, the band wrote new material, released an EP, and toured extensively throughout Europe, performing first in Denmark on 14 June 2008 at the Esbjerg Rock Festival, where they performed the 16 tracks off the remastered edition of Islands, including encores and B-sides, such as "Monochromatic" or "The Garden"). Their Gone to the Moon album, recorded as a three-piece outfit prior to the full reunion, was distributed via the live shows and "Kajashop", the band's online store.
In August 2009, while in the middle of a tour, Kajagoogoo again took to the stage to headline the Hobble on the Cobbles music event in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. This was followed in September by a compilation CD/DVD, released by the band's original label EMI Records, titled Too Shy – The Best of Kajagoogoo & Limahl. It featured two newly recorded tracks and a promotional video for "Space Cadet", one of the new recordings. Quick to capitalise on the renewed interest in the band, EMI released the White Feathers (Manhattan Clique Remixes) EP in December 2009.
In December 2009, Kajagoogoo performed their last remaining UK concert with a return to The Stables venue in Wavendon, Milton Keynes. In March 2010, dPulse Recordings released the Kajagoogoo track "First Girl on Mars" as a part of the Who Made Your Music? benefit CD, released to raise funds and bring awareness to the rights of marginalised women. On Saturday 17 July 2010, Kajagoogoo performed at the Midlands Music Festival in Tamworth and later performed at the Rewind Festival in Henley-on-Thames in August. Continuing to capitalise on renewed interest in the Kajagoogoo back catalogue, EMI Records released So80s Presents Kajagoogoo as a part of the So Eighties series curated by Blank & Jones. The album contains extended mixes of classic Kajagoogoo tracks and was released on CD and digital download format. Also made available digitally in April 2011, Kajagoogoo's Gone to the Moon album was given a digital release via iTunes.
In June 2011, Kajagoogoo released their first single as a five piece since 1983. The track "Death Defying Headlines" was released as a digital single as both a single edit and an extended dance remix.
In March 2017, bassist Nick Beggs said that Kajagoogoo was no longer active, stating "We did something about nine years ago, and that was good. It was almost like a kind of revisiting of it for old time’s sake and I felt that we did quite a lot of good with that. But in terms of moving forward, there’s no point in revisiting that project."
In an interview with Cherry Red TV in 2018, Beggs talked about the reunion, stating "we reformed and we toured and we recorded an EP and remastered the back catalogue...and at that point I felt that we had done it all. It was a nice way to tie it up, put a bow on it and leave it alone and move on."
Members
Steve Askew – guitars, programming, backing vocals (1978–1985, 2003–2004, 2007–2011)
Nick Beggs – bass guitar, Chapman Stick, guitars, keyboards, programming, percussion, backing vocals (1978–1985, 2003–2004, 2007–2011), lead vocals (1978–1982, 1983–1985, 2003–2004, 2007–2011)
Stuart Neale – keyboards, programming, piano, backing vocals (1978–1985, 2003–2004, 2007–2011)
Jez Strode – acoustic and electronic drums, percussion (1978–1984, 2003, 2008–2011)
Limahl (Chris Hamill) – lead vocals (1982–1983, 2008–2011)
Discography
Studio albums
White Feathers (1983)
Islands (1984)
Crazy Peoples Right to Speak (1985) as Kaja
Gone to the Moon (2008)
References
Bibliography
Paul Gambaccini (1983), Kajagoogoo
External links
KajaFax - The Officially Approved Kajagoogoo Community & Fan Club
Unofficial Limahl & Kajagoogoo YouTube video archives
English new wave musical groups
English synth-pop groups
English pop rock music groups
British synth-pop new wave groups
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups disestablished in 1985
Musical groups reestablished in 2003
Second British Invasion artists |
Frank Henry O'Connor (September 15, 1868 – December 26, 1913) was an American baseball pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1893. He attended Dartmouth College.
Biography
O'Connor was born on September 15, 1868, in Keeseville, New York. He was 24 years old when he broke into the big leagues on August 3, 1893, with the Philadelphia Phillies as a left-handed pitcher. He played in only three games with a win–loss record of 0–0 and an earned run average of 11.25. He had two at-bats, and went 2–2 including a home run.
He is notable for becoming the only the second Major League ballplayer (and the first pitcher) to hit a home run in their last major league plate appearance.
He died in Brattleboro, Vermont on December 26, 1913.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players with a home run in their final major league at bat
References
Frank O'Connor Stats. Baseball Almanac
Baseball Reference
1868 births
1913 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from New York (state)
People from Keeseville, New York
Philadelphia Phillies players
19th-century baseball players
Dartmouth College alumni
Portsmouth Lillies players
Lowell (minor league baseball) players |
Julius Kowalczik (1885-date unknown) was a Austro-Hungarian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. Though he joined military service as the war began in 1914, he did not transfer to the Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops until late 1915. Qualified as a fighter pilot in February 1916, he went into action in northern Italy the following month. He would score five aerial victories between 14 October 1916 and 29 June 1917. After surviving being shot down by Italian aces Antonio Amantea and Antonio Riva on 24 August 1917, Kowalczik was reassigned to instructor duty in January 1918. He survived the war, having won two Silver and two Gold Medals for Bravery.
Biography
Julius Kowalczik was born in 1885. Although he was born in Moravská Ostrava in the present-day Czech Republic, he was of Sudeten German heritage.
He joined the Austro-Hungarian military as World War I began in 1914. In late 1915, he received a transfer to aerial service to train as a pilot. On 16 February 1916, he was granted Austrian Pilot's Certificate No. 326. In March he was promoted to corporal and posted to Flik 15. He flew enough missions with this composite squadron in northern Italy that he earned his Field Pilot's Badge.
In early May 1916, he was transferred to a newly formed unit, Flik 24, at Pergine Airfield. There he joined future aces József Kiss and Georg Kenzian. Although Kowalczik scored no aerial victories, his flying performance brought him a promotion to sergeant and a Silver Medal for Bravery, 2nd Class the following month.
On 14 October 1916, Kowalczik and his observer shot down an Italian Farman two-seater for his first victory. It exploded upon impact near Pergine. In November, he received the highest award available to an enlisted man, the Gold Medal for Bravery.
Kowalczik's next victories came on 18 March 1917. At 1000 hours, he and his observer shot an Italian Farman down in flames. At 1015, the Austro-Hungarians forced a Voisin to land. Although it is unclear if the awards came before or after these two victories, Kowalczik received a second award of the Silver Medal for Bravery, 2nd Class, as well as the Silver Medal for Bravery, 1st Class. It was also about this time that he went for fighter pilot's training. He qualified on both Albatros and Berg D.I fighters.
On 10 June 1917, Kowalczik joined two other Austro-Hungarian pilots in an attack on an Italian Caproni three-engined bomber. He received the major credit in sending the huge bomber down in flames. Ten days later, he shot down an Italian Caudron two-seater to become an ace. Also in June, he received a rare second award of the
Gold Medal for Bravery.
On 24 August 1917, Kowalczik was shot down by Antonio Riva and Antonio Amantea. He successfully crash-landed his Albatros D.III in Val D'Astico.
Kowalczik was so highly thought of that on 20 December 1917, he was deemed fit to be a Offizierstellvertreter (officer candidate). However, he was not commissioned. In January 1918, he was transferred from combat duty to become an instructor. In this assignment, he survived the war.
End notes
References
Austro-Hungarian World War I flying aces
1885 births
1917 deaths
Austro-Hungarian military personnel killed in World War I |
Cambria is a village in northwestern Williamson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,228 at the 2010 census.
History
Cambria was established in the early 1900s by brothers Tom and Evan John, owners of the Carterville and Big Muddy Coal Company, which had opened a mine in the area around 1904. The community was originally known as Lauder, but was changed to Cambria, the old Latin name for Wales, from which the John brothers hailed. A post office known as Reeves opened in 1905, but its name was changed to Cambria in 1911.
Geography
Cambria is located at (37.783054, -89.118533).
According to the 2010 census, Cambria has a total area of , of which (or 96.94%) is land and (or 3.06%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,330 people, 564 households, and 367 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 649 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 95.04% White, 2.26% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.75% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.73% of the population.
There were 564 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $25,870, and the median income for a family was $34,688. Males had a median income of $27,262 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,913. About 18.7% of families and 23.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 25.0% of those age 65 or over.
73.7% of the total village population has their high school diploma or equivalent. This is below the national average of 80.4%. The percentage of the total population that holds a bachelor's degree or above is also below the national average of 24.4%. Only 12.9% of citizens hold college level degrees.
Government
Village board meetings are held every first and third Tuesday of the month at the Cambria Village Hall located in the old Cambria Grade School.
Education
Cambria is located in the Carterville School District Unit 5. The Cambria Grade School closed in 2001 when the Tri-C communities of Carterville, Cambria, and Crainville consolidated all Kindergarten through middle school grade levels.
Cambria is located near John A. Logan College located in Carterville and Southern Illinois University in Carbondale.
Religion
Cambria is home to three churches.
Notable person
Luther Harvel, outfielder for the Cleveland Indians
References
Villages in Illinois
Villages in Williamson County, Illinois
Welsh-American culture in Illinois |
Diavik Airport is a private aerodrome in the Northwest Territories, Canada that serves the Diavik Diamond Mine. It is situated in a busy area due to the closeness of Ekati Airport. Prior permission is required to land except in the case of an emergency.
References
External links
Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory
Registered aerodromes in the North Slave Region |
Wie Pech & Schwefel is the fourth album released by Schandmaul on 26 April 2004. It remained in the German Longplay Charts for six weeks, peaking at #13.
Track listing
Personnel
Thomas Lindner – vocals, acoustic guitar, accordion
Birgit Muggenthaler-Schmack – flutes, shawms, bagpipe, vocals
Martin "Ducky" Duckstein – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, classical guitar, vocals
Stefan Brunner – drums, percussion, vocals
Matthias Richter – bass, upright bass
Anna Kränzlein – violin, hurdy-gurdy, vocal
Dominik Büll – cello on 4, 6
Oliver s. Tyr (Faun) – celtic harp on 7
Claas Triebel – choir arrangement on 12
References
2004 albums
Schandmaul albums |
Matías Alasia (born 7 May 1985) was an Argentine footballer.
Career
Alasia is best known for his heroics in saving two penalties during Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza's 2014 Torneo Federal A promotion playoff victory over Talleres de Córdoba.
He played for Coquimbo Unido, then member Primera B de Chile (second-tier).
References
External links
Profile at BDFA
1985 births
Living people
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine men's footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Tiro Federal footballers
Coquimbo Unido footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Club Cipolletti footballers
Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Córdoba Province, Argentina |
Bač (; , ) is a village northeast of Knežak in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
Name
The name Bač is related to the Slovene common noun beč '(stone- or wood-lined) hollow with a spring' (< *bъťъ), referring to a local geographical feature. The Slavic word *bъťъ was borrowed from Latin buttis 'barrel' and is also the origin of the Slovene toponyms Beč and Buč.
Kalec Castle
The ruins of Kalec Castle (also Na Kalcu; or Stemberg) stand northwest of Bač near the sources of the Pivka River. The castle was built in 1620, and a cylindrical tower and walled courtyard were later added. The property was owned by the Wilicher () family. The tower was restored in 1939, and the rest of the structure is in ruins.
Church
The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anne and belongs to the Parish of Knežak.
References
External links
Bač on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica |
Fanaura Kimiora Kingstone QSO (born 1940) is a Cook Islands former politician and Cabinet Minister. In 1983 she became the second woman elected to the Parliament of the Cook Islands, and the first appointed to Cabinet.
Kingstone was born in Arutanga on the island of Aitutaki. At the age of six her family moved to Rarotonga so her father could study at Takamoa Theological College. She was educated at Taranaki Diocesan School for Girls (then known as St Mary's Diocesan School) in Stratford, New Zealand, then at New Plymouth Girls' High School and Ardmore Teachers' Training College in Auckland. After teaching in New Zealand for two years, she returned to Rarotonga where she taught at Avarua School.
She married Colin Kingstone and in 1964 moved to Niue and taught at Niue High School (where her husband was principal). When he died in 1969 she returned to New Zealand and taught at South Wellington Intermediate. In 1976 she helped organise the inaugural conference of the Pacific Women's Council, later P.A.C.I.F.I.C.A. She ran for a seat on the Wellington City Council in the 1977 Wellington City mayoral election. In 1978 she was appointed to the New Zealand Equal Opportunities Panel. She then moved to Tokoroa to teach at Kawerau Intermediate School.
Kingstone was elected to the Cook Islands Parliament as a Cook Islands Party candidate in the Overseas electorate in the March 1983 Cook Islands general election. She had opposed the creation of the Overseas electorate and promised to resign immediately if elected. She changed her mind after she was appointed to Cabinet as Minister of Internal Affairs and Postmistress General, becoming the first woman to hold a cabinet seat. She lost her seat and her Cabinet portfolios in the November 1983 Cook Islands general election.
After leaving Parliament Kingstone returned to New Zealand. She later moved to Port Vila, Vanuatu and worked for the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and as president of the Vanuatu Netball Association. She later worked as a Women's Development Advisor for the South Pacific Commission. She later worked with former New Zealand MP Marilyn Waring at the Centre for Asia-Pacific Women in Politics and at the United Nations Development Fund for Women. In 2002 she was appointed to the National Advisory Council of the New Zealand Human Rights Commission, where she helped develop a human rights action plan.
Recognition
In the 1986 Queen's Birthday Honours, Kingstone was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.
In September 2018, Kingstone was keynote speaker at a New Zealand Cook Islands community event marking 125 years of Women's suffrage in New Zealand.
In October 2019, Kingstone was inducted into the hall of fame at the inaugural Vaine Rangatira awards for Cook Islands women.
References
Living people
Members of the Parliament of the Cook Islands
Government ministers of the Cook Islands
Women government ministers of the Cook Islands
Cook Islands Party politicians
1940 births
People from Aitutaki
New Zealand schoolteachers
Cook Island schoolteachers |
The Uganda Film Festival Awards also known as UFF Awards, are presented annually to recognize excellence in the film Industry in Uganda. The awards started in 2013 under a Uganda Communications Commission initiative to recognize and develop the Ugandan film industry. Nominated films are screened at a five-day festival that also runs training, workshops, exhibitions and outreaches. The awarding night marks the helm of the film festival that runs for three days.
Award categories
Categories for television were introduced in 2016 while film categories started with the awards in 2013. The following is the list of categories awarded by the Uganda Film Festival Awards as of 2019.
Records
Most nominations per year
By a film
Television
Most wins per year
By a film
Television
References
External links
2013 establishments in Uganda
Awards established in 2013
Ugandan film awards
Ugandan television awards |
Mladen Stilinović (10 April 1947 – 18 July 2016) was a Croatian conceptual artist and one of the leading figures of the so-called "New Art Practice" in Croatia. He lived and worked in Zagreb, Croatia.
Early life
Stilinović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, to father Marijan Stilinović, who early in his career was an editor of the newspaper Borba, ambassador to Argentina, and later head of Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, and mother Nada Stilinović (née Popović).
Career
Stilinović's works are based on the idea of social and art critique. They are often witty, and come with a dose of irony and cynicism illustrated for example in his work, Money is Money, Art is Art. He was one of the founding members of the informal neo-avantgarde, Group of Six Artists (Grupa šestorice autora), together with Vladimir Martek, Boris Demur, Željko Jerman, Sven Stilinović and Fedomir Vučemilović. The group was active in Zagreb from 1975 to 1979. In addition to his artistic creative output, he also managed the Extended Media Gallery (1981–1991), and was one of the co-founders of the Podroom Gallery (1978–1980). From 1969 to 1976 he was dedicated to experimental film. He collaborated with the group IRWIN on the project Retroavangarde (1994). He is especially famous for his Exploitation of the Dead series (1984–1990) which has been exhibited at many shows, such as documenta in Kassel (2007).
Exhibitions
He has had many exhibitions in Croatia and abroad, among the more recent being: The Cynicism of the Poor, Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, (2001–2002), In Search of Balkania, Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum in Graz, (2002), Blood & Honey – Art in the Balkans, Klosterneuburg, Vienna (2003), Sing!, Ludwig Múzeum (2011) and In the Gorges of the Balkans which was shown in the Kunsthalle Fridericianeum (Kassel, 2003), Platform Garanti Contemporary Art Center (Istanbul, 2007) and Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, 2008). Igor Zabel, the renowned Slovenian curator, chose him as a guest artist at the 50th Venice Biennale (2003) where Stilinović exhibited his work Dictionary – Pain (2000–2003) in which he used white colour to blank out many of the definitions of words in a dictionary replacing them with the word pain.. In 2017, he was selected as one of 120 artists in the world to participate in the 57th International Art Exhibition, VIVA ARTE VIVA, curated by Christine Macel.
His works belong to many museum and gallery collections, including the Museum of Modern Art, New York and Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, museums of modern art collections in Stockholm, Vienna, Ljubljana, Zagreb and Banja Luka and in private collections such as the Filip Trade Collection, Zagreb.
Works and publications
Stilinović, Mladen, I Want to Go Home – Artist Book 1927–2006 (Centre for Women's Studies, Zagreb, 2008).
Beroš, Nada, Milovac, Tihomir, Stipančić, Branka & Zabel, Igor, Mladen Stilinović: Pain (exh. catalogue, Venice Biennale, MSU, Zagreb, 2003).
Beroš, Nada, Milovac, Tihomir & Dragojević Danijel, Mladen Stilinović: Exploitation of the Dead (exh. catalogue; MSU, Zagreb, 2001).
References
External links
Mladen Stilinović
1947 births
2016 deaths
Croatian contemporary artists
Artists from Belgrade
Artists from Zagreb |
Grant Munro (born 15 September 1980 in Inverness, Scotland) is a Scottish former footballer.
He was, most recently, with Rothes in the Highland Football League.
Career
On 9 February 2008, Munro scored the 1000th goal in the history of Inverness Caledonian Thistle, in a 1-1 draw against St Mirren. In October 2008, Munro signed a new contract with the Caley Jags to keep him at the club until 2011. In May 2011 it was announced by the club that Munro would not receive a new contract. Despite this he went on to score for Inverness in their 3-2 win over Celtic on 4 May to dent their title hopes.
It was announced on Tuesday 24 May 2011 that Munro has signed a 2-year pre-contract deal with Ross County. Manager Derek Adams said "I am delighted to have signed Grant. His experience on the pitch will be vital in the season ahead. He has been a consistent performer over many years and will add further quality to our squad." It was confirmed on 21 May 2013 that Munro had been handed a contract extension as a reward for the fifth-placed finish in the Scottish Premier League.
Munro left Ross County on 15 October 2013 to pursue a career outwith full-time football, signing a three-year deal with Brora Rangers on 25 October 2013.
On 27 June 2016, Munro become the new manager at Brora Rangers
On 8 December 2016, he resigned as manager of Brora Rangers
He soon returned to the game, when he was appointed assistant manager at Rothes in January 2017. However, shortly after, Munro resigned the position, citing work pressures.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Inverness
Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players
Elgin City F.C. players
Ross County F.C. players
Brora Rangers F.C. players
Rothes F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Premier League players
Men's association football defenders
Scottish Professional Football League players
Highland Football League players
Scottish football managers
Brora Rangers F.C. managers
Highland Football League managers |
```go
package vm
import "math"
func opCheckOutput(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(16)
if err != nil {
return err
}
code, err := vm.pop(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
vmVersion, err := vm.popInt64(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vmVersion < 0 {
return ErrBadValue
}
assetID, err := vm.pop(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
amount, err := vm.popInt64(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if amount < 0 {
return ErrBadValue
}
data, err := vm.pop(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
index, err := vm.popInt64(true)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if index < 0 {
return ErrBadValue
}
if vm.context.CheckOutput == nil {
return ErrContext
}
ok, err := vm.context.CheckOutput(uint64(index), data, uint64(amount), assetID, uint64(vmVersion), code, vm.expansionReserved)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return vm.pushBool(ok, true)
}
func opAsset(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.AssetID == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.AssetID, true)
}
func opAmount(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.Amount == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.pushInt64(int64(*vm.context.Amount), true)
}
func opProgram(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return vm.push(vm.context.Code, true)
}
func opMinTime(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.MinTimeMS == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.pushInt64(int64(*vm.context.MinTimeMS), true)
}
func opMaxTime(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.MaxTimeMS == nil {
return ErrContext
}
maxTimeMS := *vm.context.MaxTimeMS
if maxTimeMS == 0 || maxTimeMS > math.MaxInt64 {
maxTimeMS = uint64(math.MaxInt64)
}
return vm.pushInt64(int64(maxTimeMS), true)
}
func opEntryData(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.EntryData == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.EntryData, true)
}
func opTxData(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.TxData == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.TxData, true)
}
func opIndex(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.DestPos == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.pushInt64(int64(*vm.context.DestPos), true)
}
func opEntryID(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return vm.push(vm.context.EntryID, true)
}
func opOutputID(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.SpentOutputID == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.SpentOutputID, true)
}
func opNonce(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.AnchorID == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.AnchorID, true)
}
func opNextProgram(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.NextConsensusProgram == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.push(*vm.context.NextConsensusProgram, true)
}
func opBlockTime(vm *virtualMachine) error {
err := vm.applyCost(1)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if vm.context.BlockTimeMS == nil {
return ErrContext
}
return vm.pushInt64(int64(*vm.context.BlockTimeMS), true)
}
``` |
Kranidi (, Katharevousa: ) is a town and a former municipality in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ermionida, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of . Some say the name is derived from the word Koronida, while others claim it is from the word Kranaos, which means "rocky trough". It is situated in the eastern part of Argolis, on the easternmost "finger" of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is west of Ermioni, south of Epidaurus and southeast of Nafplio.
Kranidi is known for being the location of second homes of several prominent celebrities, including Sean Connery and the Dutch head of state King Willem-Alexander and his wife Queen Máxima.
Geography
The area around Kranidi consists of low hills, covered with olive groves and small forests. The town itself is about from the coast. Several villages of the municipal unit Kranidi are on the Aegean Sea coast, including Koilada, Portocheli and the small beach settlement Doroufi.
History
The place of Kranidi has been inhabited for thousands of years. Very close to town is located the Phrancthi Cave that was the dwelling of prehistoric man. During the Homeric era, in this place there were two cities, Hermion (in place of modern Ermioni) and Masis (in place of the modern village of Koilada). In the classical era, a few kilometres south, the city of Halieis was built, in place of modern Porto Heli. Kranidi is first mentioned in the 16th century after the Turkish name Kato Nahagie, which means low province. Kranidi was one of the centers of the Greek uprising of 1777. After the failure of the rebellion, however, many locals abandoned the area in order to avoid persecution by the Muslim Ottomans. Many of them sought refuge away from the Peloponnese, in Europe and Russia. Many also migrated to Cyprus. The modern name derives either from ancient the Greek name Kranaos or from the name of the nearby islet of Koronida. This name was corrupted to Kranida and later Kranidi. The residents of Kranidi took part in the Greek War of Independence. One local guerrilla was the priest Arsenios Krestas. In 1823, before the outbreak of the first Greek Civil War, Kranidi became the seat of the legislature part of Greek government. After independence, Kranidi was appointed the seat of Ermionida province. Today, Kranidi is a flourishing small town with a rich nautical tradition and developed tourism services.
In Kranidi and the surrounding villages, Arvanitika was spoken, with heavy Greek influence. The language has largely been abandoned, with today only elders speaking it, whereas young people only understand it.
Historical population
References
Populated places in Argolis
Ermionida
Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece
Arvanite settlements |
Vidja is a locality situated in Huddinge Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 682 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Huddinge Municipality |
Zico Chain is a rock band from London, United Kingdom, formed in 2002. To date, they have released two full albums entitled Food and The Devil in Your Heart, a self-titled EP and an EP called These Birds Will Kill Us All. The band opened the main stage at the Download Festival on 8 June 2007. They supported Velvet Revolver on their 2007 summer tour of the UK, in support of their second album Libertad. Their new album The Devil in Your Heart was released on 16 April 2012.
Early years
The band formed in East London. Vocalist-bassist Chris Glithero had moved there from Manchester, and met guitarist Paul Frost and drummer Ollie Middleton. Their dissatisfaction with 21st-century British rock helped them connect with one another. Influenced by such bands as Motörhead, Queens of the Stone Age, The White Stripes and System of a Down, they began recording, and soon were signed to Hassle Records. For their first EP, they worked with Ted Miller, who has previously worked with Placebo. They then toured with Nine Black Alps, Alkaline Trio, Cave In and The Fall of Troy.
They had a number-one video on MTV2's chart. Slash and Duff McKagan of Velvet Revolver (and Guns N' Roses) revealed that Zico Chain were their favourite new band. On 9 November 2009, the band released a standalone single "These Birds Will Kill Us All" with B-sides "Blood 'N Bile" and "Daycase", available on iTunes among other internet sites.
The Zico Chain EP (2006)
The Zico Chain's first official EP was released in April 2006, and contained six tracks; "Rohypnol", "This Thing", "Roll Over", "Social Suicide", "Brain", and "The Lonely Ones". "Rohypnol" was released as a single from the album, along with a video. Produced by The Zico Chain. Engineered by Marc Lane/Tom Harris. Recorded at The Dairy Studios.
Food (2007–2008)
Zico Chain's second album, Food, was released 15 October 2007. The album contains eleven tracks: "Pretty Pictures", "Where Would You Rather Be?", "Food", "Junk", "Roll Over", "Preach", "No Hoper Boy", "Your Favourite Client", "Nihilism", "All Eyes on Me" and "Anaemia". The album also included one iTunes bonus track "1,2,3,4". "Junk", "Where Would You Rather Be?" and "Anaemia" were released as singles from the album over the course of 2007. The album received mainly good critical reception ratings ranging from 3 to 5 stars.
These Birds Will Kill Us All EP (2010)
Zico Chain's These Birds Will Kill Us All EP was released in 2010. The band released one single off the album, which shares the same name as the album. Songs such as "Bile n' Blood" and "Daycase" started to appear on the band's Myspace page.
The Devil in Your Heart (2012)
The band's second full studio album, The Devil in Your Heart, was released on 16 April 2012. Pre-release reviews of the album were positive. The album came after a two-year break from recording. The band also completed a UK tour to promote the album's launch and they also played as support act on the European British Lion tour of Iron Maiden's Steve Harris.
Band members
Chris Glithero – vocals, bass
Paul Frost (indefinite hiatus) – guitar, vocals
Ollie Middleton – drums
Tommy Gentry – guitar, vocals
Music videos
Discography
Albums
2006 – The Zico Chain
2007 – Food
2012 – The Devil in Your Heart
EPs
2004 – Touch EP
2010 – These Birds Will Kill Us All EP
References
External links
English hard rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
2002 establishments in England |
Pallagrello is a synonym for several Italian wine grape varieties including:
Coda di Volpe
Pallagrello bianco
Pallagrello nero |
David B. Adams (born 1950) is an American physician who is Professor of Surgery, Chief, Division of Gastrointestinal and Laparoscopic Surgery and Co-Director of the Digestive Disease Center at the Medical University of South Carolina. Adams specializes in chronic pancreatitis surgeries. He has given over numerous presentations regarding his clinical interests and will host the Chronic Pancreatitis Symposium in 2014 on Kiawah Island.
Biography
Adams was born in 1950 in Annapolis, Maryland at the U.S. Naval Academy. A Navy junior, he was raised in Newport, Rhode Island, Arlington, Virginia, and Paris, France. Adams was named a Morehead Scholar at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill in 1969. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Chapel Hill in 1973 and then went on to attain his medical degree at the Medical College of Virginia in 1977.
After completing his internship and residency in surgery in 1982 at the U.S. Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia, he was named Chief of Surgery at the U.S. Naval Hospital, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (where he was the only surgeon). In 1983, he returned to the continental United States and was named Chief of Surgery at the U.S. Naval Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina. Three years later, he joined the faculty in the department of Surgery at the Medical University of South Carolina.
Appointments
President of the Waring Library Society
President of the South Carolina Surgical Society
President of the South Carolina Chapter of the American College of Surgeons
Councilor of the Southeastern Surgical Society
Governor of the American College of Surgeons
Vice-President of the Halsted Society
Second Vice-President of the Southern Surgical Association
Memberships
American College of Surgeons
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons
Southeastern Surgical Congress
Pancreas Club
Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
International Society for Digestive Surgery
Surgical Biology Club III
Societe Internationale de Chirurgie
Southern Surgical Association
American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association
International Association of Pancreatology
Halsted Society
American Surgical Association
Key papers
References
American surgeons
1950 births
Living people
People from Annapolis, Maryland
Medical College of Virginia alumni
Medical University of South Carolina faculty
University of North Carolina School of Medicine alumni
United States Navy Medical Corps officers |
```makefile
PKG_NAME="libXext"
PKG_VERSION="1.3.5"
PKG_SHA256=your_sha256_hash
PKG_LICENSE="OSS"
PKG_SITE="path_to_url"
PKG_URL="path_to_url{PKG_NAME}-${PKG_VERSION}.tar.xz"
PKG_DEPENDS_TARGET="toolchain util-macros libX11"
PKG_LONGDESC="LibXext provides an X Window System client interface to several extensions to the X protocol."
PKG_CONFIGURE_OPTS_TARGET="--enable-malloc0returnsnull --without-xmlto"
post_configure_target() {
libtool_remove_rpath libtool
}
``` |
Miss World 1978 was the 28th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom on 16 November 1978.
At the end of the event, Mary Stävin of Sweden crowned Silvana Suárez of Argentina as the new Miss World, this was the second time Argentina has won Miss World. This was also the first time that the Miss Talent was awarded.
Contestants from 68 countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Paul Burnett and Sascha Distel. Distel also performed in this year's pageant.
Background
Selection of participants
Contestants from 68 countries and territories were selected to compete in the pageant. Two candidates were appointed to their position to replace the original dethroned winner.
Silvana Suárez, the first runner-up of Miss Argentina 1978, was appointed to represent her country at Miss World after the original winner, Margarita Susana Heindrycks, was disqualified for being underage. Pascale Taurua was originally crowned as Miss France 1978 and was to compete internationally. However, she decided to return to homeland rather than taking the title, and the title was given to Brigitte Konjovic, the first runner-up. Due to personal reasons, Konjovic was dethroned as Miss France, and the title of Miss France 1978 was given to the second runner-up Kelly Hoarau.
Malek Nemlaghi of Tunisia was iniitally disqualified after refusing to remove her yashmak and wear boxer shorts for the official photo-call. However, she was reinstated back into the competition after she agreed to remove her yashmak at the dress rehearsal.
The 1978 edition saw the debuts of Dominica and Saint Vincent and the returns of India, Italy, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nigeria, Philippines, Singapore, Swaziland, Tunisia, and the Virgin Islands. Nigeria last competed in 1970, India, Malaysia, Mauritius, Philippines, Swaziland, and Tunisia last competed in 1975, while the others last competed in 1976. Bolivia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Guinea, and South Africa withdrew in this edition. Angelyn Tukana of Papua New Guinea withdrew due to lack of funding. Yolanda Kloppers of South Africa did not compete after the Miss World Organization decided to ban the country from competing due to its apartheid policy.
Results
Placements
Special awards
Contestants
68 contestants competed for the tile.
Notes
References
External links
Miss World
1978 in London
1978 beauty pageants
Beauty pageants in England
Events at the Royal Albert Hall
November 1978 events in the United Kingdom |
The 14th Tennessee Infantry Regiment was a unit of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was one of the few western regiments that fought as part of the Army of Northern Virginia in the east; participating in most major battles conducted by Robert E. Lee.
Service history
The 14th Tennessee was organized and drilled at Camp Duncan near Clarksville in May 1861 by Col. William A. Forbes, Almost immediately it received orders transferring it to the Virginia theatre where the regiment would remain for the duration of the war and served with distinction in the Army of Northern Virginia, until its final capitulation.
The regiment served in James J. Archer's famed "Tennessee Brigade" assigned to A.P. Hill's Light Division. Hill's men earned a hard won reputation for making critical counterattacks preserving Confederate victories at Cedar Mountain, Second Manassas and Sharpsburg. At Manassas Col. Forbes was mortally wounded and succeeded by William McComb; who'd become a Brigadier General in 1865. The 14th had fought at Seven Pines, Mechanicsville, Shepherdstown, Ox Hill, Harper's Ferry, Frazier's Farm, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At the later the brigade seized the critical high ground of Hazel Grove, forcing the Union right wing to fold back upon its center and allowing Lee to reunite his divided forces.
Gettysburg nearly destroyed both the 14th Tennessee and Archer's brigade. On the first day of battle, along Willoughby Run, the famous Union Iron Brigade turned Archer's unsupported flank. His command retreated in wild confusion. The 14th, commanded by Lt. Col. James W. Lockert, had just devastated the 2nd Wisconsin with volley fire at close range when it discovered itself alone and exposed on the right and rear. Using the protection of Herbst Woods, the 14th retired in good order. After a day's rest, Lee assigned the remnants of the brigade to Brig. Gen. Johnston Pettigrew to join Pickett's Virginia division in an attack upon the Union center. What remained of Archer's Brigade now formed the hinge joining Pettigrew's and Pickett's men. Together, they formed a battle array of more than 10,000 troops, stretching almost a mile wide. The men from Tennessee aligned on Pickett's left and went in at The Angle alongside the shattered Virginians. Long before any one reached the wall Union fire slaughtered men in droves. An eyewitness, reporting on Archer's men, wrote:
"Every flag in the brigade excepting one was captured at or within the works of the enemy. The 1st Tennessee had 3 color-bearers shot down, the last of whom was at the works, and the flag captured. The 13th Alabama lost 3 in the same way, the last of whom was shot down at the works. The 14th Tennessee had 4 shot down, the last of whom was at the enemy's works. The 7th Tennessee lost 3 color-bearers, the last of whom was at the enemy's works, and the flag was only saved by Captain Norris tearing it away from the staff and bringing it out beneath his coat. The 5th Alabama Battalion also lost their flag at the enemy s works."
The 14th Tennessee Infantry was among the first units at the Union line and had many of its men captured. Losing over 58 percent of the men who entered the battle; barely 100 men reformed the regiment on the following day.
Despite its losses, the 14th Tennessee and the rest of the brigade continued to serve in Heth's division of the III Corps. The regiment added additional honors to their record for service at Williamsport, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Globe Tavern, Weldon Railroad, Reame's Station, Burgess' Tavern and Hatcher's Run. It surrendered with the rest of the army at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. Of a total of almost 1,000 officers and men who served in the 14th Tennessee, only 40 remained for the surrender.
See also
List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units
References
1861 establishments in Tennessee
Military units and formations established in 1861
Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Tennessee
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
1865 disestablishments in Tennessee |
Bobby McFerrin is the debut album by Bobby McFerrin, released in 1982.
Track listing
All songs written by Bobby McFerrin except where noted
"Dance with Me" (Johanna Hall, John Hall) – 4:08
"Feline" – 5:08
"You've Really Got a Hold on Me" (Smokey Robinson) – 3:53
"Moondance" (Van Morrison) – 5:20
"All Feets Can Dance" – 2:15
"Sightless Bird" – 6:26
"Peace" (Horace Silver) – 4:38
"Jubilee" – 4:49
"Hallucinations" (Bud Powell) – 2:21
"Chicken" – 3:14
Personnel
Bobby McFerrin - vocals, backing vocals, Fender Rhodes, arrangements, liner notes
H. B. Bennett – drums
Joe Caro – guitar
Steve Erquiaga – guitar
Stu Feldman – bass
Victor Feldman – piano, Fender Rhodes
John Guerin – drums
Randy Jackson – bass
Kenny Karsh – guitar
Larry Klein – bass
Peter Maunu – guitar
Kenneth Nash – percussion
James Preston – drums
John Siegler – bass
Phoebe Snow – vocals
Frank Vilardi – drums
Production
Nicholas Ten Broeck – Arranger
Ron Coro – Art Direction
Bert de Coteaux – Executive Producer
Maureen Droney – Assistant Engineer
David Frazer – Assistant Engineer
Linda Goldstein – Producer
Jerry Hudgins – Engineer
Leslie Ann Jones – Engineer, Mixing
Ken Kessie – Engineer
Kosh – Design
Fred Miller – Engineer
Roger Ressmeyer – Photography
Elliot Scheiner – Engineer
Paul Stubblebine – Mastering
Chart performance
References
Bobby McFerrin albums
1982 albums
Elektra/Musician albums |
Asadabad (, also Romanized as Asadābād; also known as Asadābād-e Pā’īn Khāf) is a village in Zozan Rural District, Jolgeh Zozan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 898, in 202 families.
See also
List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province
References
Populated places in Khaf County |
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living is a self-help book by Dale Carnegie. It was first printed in Great Britain in 1948 by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press), Ltd., Bungay Suffolk (S.B.N. 437 95083 2). It is currently published as a Mass Market Paperback of 352 pages by Pocket (Revised edition: September 15, 1990), .
Carnegie says in the preface to How to Stop Worrying and Start Living that he wrote it because he "was one of the unhappiest lads in New York". He said that he made himself sick with worry because he hated his position in life, which he credits for wanting to figure out how to stop worrying.
The book's goal is to lead the reader to a more enjoyable and fulfilling life, helping them to become more aware of, not only themselves, but others around them. Carnegie tries to address the everyday nuances of living, in order to get the reader to focus on the more important aspects of life. It is now a world-famous, self-help book amongst many people.
External links
1948 non-fiction books
Self-help books
Books by Dale Carnegie |
Apaj is a village in , Hungary.
Location
The village is in the neighbourhood of Kiskunság National Park and is
from Budapest. Primary route 51 serves the village by road. The Budapest–Kelebia
railway line’s station, Dömsöd is next to Apaj. The River Ráckeve-Duna is from the village.
History
The first mention of the village is in 1291 as . It was royal property for a while, but later it was owned by nuns who lived on Margaret Island. The Balassa family owned Apaj as well.
In the 15th century there were two parts to Apaj: (Lower Apaj) and (Upper Apaj). During the Turkish rule of Ottoman Hungary the village suffered almost complete destruction, but from the 19th century the village was growing. At that time the village was called (Apaj Plain).
After 1945 Apaj lost its title as a separate manor and it became part of Dömsöd, but thanks to the Kinskunsag State Farm it once again became an independent village in 1985.
Apaj is famous of for horse breeding and cattle breeding and has an international reputation for racehorses. There are many great bustards too.
Between 1967 and 2006 the village held the Kiskunsag Shepherd and Jockey Festival.
Landmarks
Reformed church, which was built with the help of the Széchenyi Plan and dedicated on 24 April 2005
Millennium Park
Upper Kiskunsag Plain is part of the Kiskunsag National Park.
References
Notes
Populated places in Pest County |
The Development Assessment Commission (DAC) is an independent statutory body which assesses and determines development application pathways and outcomes in the Australian state of South Australia. The relevant types of development assessed are prescribed in the Development Act 1993 and the associated Development Regulations 2008. The Commission has a membership of seven, including a presiding member and a deputy presiding member. Members are appointed by the Governor of South Australia.
Membership
As of October 2016, current members are:
Former members
Former members of the DAC from the period 2011 to 2016 include: Ted Byrt (Presiding Member), Betty Douflias (Deputy Presiding Member), Damien Brown, Geoffrey Loveday, Megan Leydon, Carolyn Wigg, John Dagas and Andrew Ford.
References
Government agencies of South Australia |
Mount Pleasant Historic District may refer to:
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Carnesville, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Boston, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Mount Pleasant Downtown Historic District (Isabella, Michigan), listed on the NRHP in Michigan
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mount Pleasant, New Jersey), listed on the NRHP in New Jersey
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mount Pleasant, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
Mount Pleasant Collegiate Institute Historic District, Mount Pleasant, North Carolina, listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mt. Pleasant, Ohio), listed on the NRHP in Ohio
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Pennsylvania
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Pennsylvania
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Mount Pleasant, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
Mount Pleasant Commercial Historic District (Mount Pleasant, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
Mount Pleasant Commercial Historic District (Mount Pleasant, Utah), listed on the NRHP in Utah
Mount Pleasant Historic District (Washington, D.C.), listed on the NRHP in Washington, D.C.
See also
Mount Pleasant Commercial Historic District (disambiguation) |
David E. Vogt III (born 1984) is an American politician who served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for the 4th district from 2015 to 2019.
Early life and education
Vogt was born in Tampa, Florida. He attended the University of South Florida from 2002 to 2004 and later earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from the University of Maryland, College Park in 2009. In 2013, he earned a Master of Arts degree in science and governance studies from American Military University.
Career
From 2004 to 2012, Vogt served as a legal specialist in the United States Marine Corps. During his military service, he was deployed to Afghanistan. After leaving the Marines, Vogt worked as a restaurant manager. He was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in November 2014 and assumed office in January 2015. Vogt was a candidate for Maryland's 6th congressional district in the 2016 election, placing fifth in the Republican primary.
References
Republican Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Living people
1984 births
Politicians from Tampa, Florida
21st-century American politicians
Date of birth missing (living people)
University of Maryland, College Park alumni |
The QMJHL Humanitarian of the Year Award is awarded annually by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League to one player for humanitarianism and community involvement. The player also receives a plaque which is known as the Wittnauer Plaque, and formerly known as the Karcher Plaque from 1992 to 1997.
Winners
External links
Humanitarian and service awards
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League trophies and awards
1993 establishments in Quebec
Awards established in 1993 |
Rabbi Yaakov Koppel Altenkunshtadt (1765 – 1837), also known as Reb Koppel Charif, a honorific originating from his "sharp" (Hebrew: חריף) intellect, was one of the leading Orthodox rabbis of Hungary in the first half of the nineteenth century. A peer of Moses Sofer of Pressburg, Koppel Charif presided over what was at one time the largest and most prestigious yeshiva in Hungary.
Early years
He was born in 1765 within the city of Altenkunstadt, at the time located within the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg in the Holy Roman Empire. Yaakov was the son of the scholar Tzvi Hirsh Altenkunshtadt.
In 1781 he went to study under Yechezkel Landau of Prague, author of Noda biYehudah. During his time in Fiurda, his parents passed away.
He lived in Prague from 1783 to 1786. In 1786 he became engaged to Raizel Pessels, the daughter of the scholar and merchant Avrohom Pessels of Shtampfen, Hungary. They were married in 1788.
He studied in Stampfen for a few months, before becoming the rabbi in Karlburg in 1789. In 1791, he became rabbi of Verbau, Hungary.
Altenkunshtadt was rabbi of Verbau for 45 years. His yeshivah usually held around 150 students at a time.
He died on the 19th of December, 1837.
References
C. (Yaakov Koppel) Duschinsky, Toldos Yaakov, The life and times of the Gaon Rebbi Koppel Charif of blessed and righteous memory (London: Rephoel Mazin and partners, 1918) in Hebrew. Copyright 2018 in English. Duschinsky, Yaakov Koppel. Translated by Dovid Honig. Toldos Yaakov, The Life and Times of the Gaon Rav Koppel Charif (Jerusalem: Torah Im Derech Eretz Society, 2018).
Rav Shlomo Zalman Sonnenfeld, Guardian of Jerusalem (Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, 1983).
1765 births
1837 deaths
Hungarian people of German descent
Talmudists
18th-century Hungarian rabbis
18th-century German rabbis
19th-century Hungarian rabbis |
New York's 23rd congressional district is located in Upstate New York, and covers part of Buffalo's Northtowns, all of the Southtowns, and much of the Southern Tier. The district includes two of the eleven Finger Lakes: Keuka Lake and Seneca Lake.
The district comprises six entire counties: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, and Steuben Counties, along with parts of Erie County. The largest cities in the district are Jamestown, and Elmira. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+12, it is the most Republican district in New York.
Democrat Tracy Mitrano challenged Republican incumbent Tom Reed in the November 6, 2018 election. Reed won reelection on November 6, 2018, retaining his seat for a fourth term. Reed's 8.4% margin of victory was his smallest since his first election in 2012. Reed and Mitrano also faced off in 2020, where Reed won again, this time with a margin of 16.6%.
On March 21, 2021, in light of recent sexual harassment allegations, Reed announced that he would not be seeking reelection in 2022. He resigned on May 10, 2022, leaving the seat vacant. A special election was held on August 23, which was won by Republican Joe Sempolinski. Sempolinski opted not to run for a full term in the regularly scheduled 2022 election, which was won by Nick Langworthy.
Recent statewide election results
History
Various New York districts have been numbered "23" over the years, including areas in New York City and various parts of upstate New York.
1913–1919
Parts of Manhattan
1919–1969
Parts of The Bronx
1969–1971
Parts of The Bronx, Manhattan
1971–1973
Parts of The Bronx
1973–1983
Parts of The Bronx, Westchester
1983–1993
All of Albany, Schenectady
Parts of Montgomery, Rensselaer
1993–2003
All of Chenango, Madison, Oneida, Otsego
Parts of Broome, Delaware, Herkimer, Montgomery, Schoharie
2003–2013
All of Clinton, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison, Oswego, St. Lawrence
Parts of Essex, Fulton, Oneida
2013–2023
All of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Tompkins, Yates
Parts of Ontario, Tioga
List of members representing the district
1823–1833: one seat
1833–1843: two seats
From 1833 to 1843, two seats were apportioned, elected on a general ticket.
1843–present: one seat
Recent election results
In New York, there are numerous minor parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties often endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes.
Scozzafava dropped out of the race just prior to the election and endorsed Democrat Bill Owens. The results were not certified by the New York State Board of Elections until December 15, 2009.
See also
List of United States congressional districts
New York's congressional districts
United States congressional delegations from New York
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Election results via Clerk.house.gov:
1996 House election data, via Clerk of the House of Representatives
1998 House election data
2000 House election data
2002 House election data
2004 House election data
23
Constituencies established in 1823
1823 establishments in New York (state) |
Machzikei Hadas may refer to:
Machzikei Hadas (synagogue), a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Machzikei Hadas (organization), a religious organization associated with the Belz Hasidic dynasty |
ISO/IEC 8859-2:1999, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 2: Latin alphabet No. 2, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1987. It is informally referred to as "Latin-2". It is generally intended for Central or "Eastern European" languages that are written in the Latin script. Note that ISO/IEC 8859-2 is very different from code page 852 (MS-DOS Latin 2, PC Latin 2) which is also referred to as "Latin-2" in Czech and Slovak regions. Code page 912 is an extension. Almost half the use of the encoding is for Polish, and it's the main legacy encoding for Polish, while virtually all use of it has been replaced by UTF-8 (on the web).
ISO-8859-2 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429. Less than 0.04% of all web pages use ISO-8859-2 as of October 2022. Microsoft has assigned code page 28592 a.k.a. Windows-28592 to ISO-8859-2 in Windows. IBM assigned Code page 1111 to ISO 8859-2.
Windows-1250 is similar to ISO-8859-2 and has all the printable characters it has and more. However a few of them are rearranged (unlike Windows-1252, which keeps all printable characters from ISO-8859-1 in the same place).
Language coverage
These code values can be used for the following languages:
Code page layout
Differences from ISO-8859-1 have the Unicode code point number underneath.
See also
Character encoding
Polish code pages
References
External links
ISO/IEC 8859-2:1999
Standard ECMA-94: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 2nd edition (June 1986)
ISO-IR 101 Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet No.2 (February 1, 1986)
ISO 8859-2 (Latin 2) Resources
ISO/IEC 8859
Computer-related introductions in 1987 |
Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes which change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons, large neuronal populations or activity of myocytes. Many physiological processes are accompanied by changes in cell membrane potential which can be detected with voltage sensitive dyes. Measurements may indicate the site of action potential origin, and measurements of action potential velocity and direction may be obtained.
Potentiometric dyes are used to monitor the electrical activity inside cell organelles where it is not possible to insert an electrode, such as the mitochondria and dendritic spine. This technology is especially powerful for the study of patterns of activity in complex multicellular preparations. It also makes possible the measurement of spatial and temporal variations in membrane potential along the surface of single cells.
Types of dyes
Fast-response probes: These are amphiphilic membrane staining dyes which usually have a pair of hydrocarbon chains acting as membrane anchors and a hydrophilic group which aligns the chromophore perpendicular to the membrane/aqueous interface. The chromophore is believed to undergo a large electronic charge shift as a result of excitation from the ground to the excited state and this underlies the putative electrochromic mechanism for the sensitivity of these dyes to membrane potential. This molecule (dye) intercalates among the lipophilic part of biological membranes. This orientation assures that the excitation induced charge redistribution will occur parallel to the electric field within the membrane. A change in the voltage across the membrane will therefore cause a spectral shift resulting from a direct interaction between the field and the ground and excited state dipole moments.
New voltage dyes can sense voltage with high speed and sensitivity using photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) through a conjugated molecular wire.
Slow-response probes: These exhibit potential-dependent changes in their transmembrane distribution which are accompanied by a fluorescence change. Typical slow-response probes include cationic carbocyanines and rhodamines, and ionic oxonols.
Examples
Commonly used voltage sensitive dyes are substituted aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) dyes, such as di-4-ANEPPS, di-8-ANEPPS, and RH237. Depending on their chemical modifications which change their physical properties they are used for different experimental procedures. They were first described in 1985 by the research group of Leslie Loew. ANNINE-6plus is a voltage sensitive dye with fast response (ns response time) and high sensitivity. It has been applied to measure the action potentials of a single t-tubule of cardiomyocytes by Guixue Bu et al. More recently, a series of fluorinated ANEP dyes was introduced that offer enhanced sensitivity and photostability; they are also available over a wide choice of excitation and emission wavelengths. A recent computational study confirmed that the ANEP dyes are affected only by the electrostatic environment and not by specific molecular interactions. Other structural scaffolds, such as xanthenes, are also successfully used.
Materials
The core material for imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes are the dyes themselves. These voltage-sensitive dyes are lipophilic and preferably localized in membranes with their hydrophobic tails. They are used in applications involving fluorescence or absorption; they are fast acting and are able to provide linear measurements of changes in membrane potential. Voltage sensitive dyes are supplied by many companies who offer fluorescent probes for biological applications. Potentiometric Probes, LLC specializes only in voltage sensitive dyes; they have an exclusive license to distribute the large set of fluorinated VSDs, marketed under the ElectroFluor brand.
A variety of specialized equipment may be used in conjunction with the dyes, and choices in equipment will vary according to the particularities of a preparation. Essentially, equipment will include specialized microscopes and imaging devices, and may include technical lamps or lasers.
Strengths and weaknesses
Strengths of imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes include the following abilities:
Measurement of population signals from many areas may be taken simultaneously, and hundreds of neurons may be recorded from. Such multisite recordings may provide precise information on action potential initiation and propagation (including direction and velocity), and on the entire branching structure of a neuron.
Measurements of spike activity in a ganglion that is producing behaviour can be taken and may provide information about how the behaviour is producing.
In certain preparations the pharmacological effects of the dyes may be completely reversed by removing the staining pipette and allowing the neuron 1–2 hours for recovery.
Dyes may be used to analyze signal integration in terminal dendritic branches. Voltage-sensitive dyes offer the only alternative to genetically encoded voltage sensitive proteins (such as Ci-VSP derived proteins) for doing this.
More soluble dyes such as ElectroFluor-530s, or di-2-ANEPEQ may perfused internally into single cell through a patch pipet. This technique has permitted the study of electrical signals in individual dendrites and dendritic spines within brain slices.
Weaknesses of imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes include the following problems:
Voltage-sensitive dyes may respond very differently from one preparation to another; typically tens of dyes must be tested in order to obtain an optimal signal., imaging parameters, such as excitation wavelength, emission wavelength, exposure time, should also be optimized.
Voltage-sensitive dyes often fail to penetrate through connective tissue or move through intracellular spaces to the region of membrane desired for study. Staining is a serious issue in applications of these dyes. Water-soluble dyes, such as ANNINE-6plus, ElectroFluor-530s, or di-2-ANEPEQ, do not suffer this problem.
On the other hand, if the dyes are too water-soluble, staining may not persist. This can be addressed by utilizing dyes containing longer alkyl chains to increase lipophilicity.
Noise is a problem in all preparations with voltage-sensitive dyes and in certain preparations the signal may be significantly obscured. Signal to noise ratios can be improved with spatial filtering or temporal filtering algorithms. Many such algorithms exist; one signal processing algorithm can be found in recent work with the ANNINE-6plus dye.
Cells may be permanently affected by treatments. Lasting pharmacological effects are possible, and the photodynamics of the dyes can be damaging. Recently developed fuorinated voltages sensitive dyes have been shown to mitigate these effects.
Uses
Voltage-sensitive dyes have been used to measure neural activity in several areas of the nervous system in a variety of organisms, including the squid giant axon, whisker barrels of the rat somatosensory cortex, olfactory bulb of the salamander, visual cortex of the cat, optic tectum of the frog, and the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey.
Many applications in cardiac electrophysiology have been published, including ex vivo mapping of electrical activity in whole hearts from various animal species, subcellular imaging from single cardiomyocytes, and even mapping both sinus rhythms and arrhytmias in open heart in vivo pig, where motion artifacts could be eliminated by dual wavelength ratio imaging of the voltage sensitive dye fluorescence.
References
Further reading
Biochemistry detection methods
Cell culture reagents
Neuroscience
Electrophysiology
Cell biology |
Robert Abbot (fl. 1420–1421) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1420 and May 1421 and bailiff of Melcombe Regis from September 1415 to 1416, from 1417 to 1419, and from 1421 to 1422. He was a son of John Abbot, another MP, and two of his brothers, John and William, were also MPs.
References
English MPs 1420
English MPs May 1421
Bailiffs
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Melcombe Regis
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain |
Allegheny Mountain is a stratigraphic ridge that extends northeast to southwest from south of Blue Knob to a saddle point at the Savage Mountain anticline. It merges with Negro Mountain just north of the Cambria County line where the Berlin-Salisbury basin expires.
The Eastern Continental Divide enters Allegheny Mountain south of Fraziers Pass and follows the Allegheny Backbone southwest where it leaves the escarpment toward the saddle point to the southeast between headwaters of Flaugherty and Wills Creeks, at which the ECD enters the Savage Mountain anticline.
References
Allegheny Mountains
Ridges of Pennsylvania
Ridges of Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Cambria County, Pennsylvania |
Francis Castaing (born 22 April 1959) is a French former professional road bicycle racer. He won one stage in the 1985 Tour de France. He also competed in the individual road race event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Major results
1979
Tour de Gironde
1980
Bordeaux - Saintes
1981
French National Track Championships
Paris–Bourges
1982
GP de Peymeinade
GP Ouest-France
National Track Points race Championship
1984
Brest
Quilan
1985
Breuillet
Lanester
Rodez
Tour de France:
Winner stage 6
Castillon-la-Bataille
1986
Ronde d'Aix-en-Provence
Tour de Vendée
1987
Bordeaux
References
External links
Official Tour de France results for Francis Castaing
French male cyclists
1959 births
Living people
French Tour de France stage winners
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Bordeaux
Cyclists from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
20th-century French people
21st-century French people |
Harry William Fensom (4 February 1921 – 1 November 2010) was an English electronic engineer with the GPO. During World War II he worked with Tommy Flowers at Bletchley Park on Colossus, the world's first electronic computer, that helped to decode encrypted German messages using the Lorenz cipher. After the war, he designed ERNIE, a machine based on Colossus engineering that was used to generate bond numbers for the Premium Bond draw.
Early life and education
Fensom was born in Catford, in South London. Shortly after his birth the family moved to Fife, where they stayed until 1928. His secondary education was at the Royal Liberty School in Gidea Park where he excelled in mathematics and the sciences. He left school at 16, shunning a university education in favour of finding work. Whilst working for the GPO as an engineer, Fensom continued his education at night school, studying for City and Guilds at East Ham, Borough and Northampton polytechnics.
World War II
In 1942, Fensom was sent to work at Dollis Hill Research Station with Tommy Flowers, Sidney Broadhurst and William Chandler. He began working on projects connected to the Enigma machine. These included the Shark and the Cobra, which was the first electronic codebreaking device. Other projects included the Nightingale, used to decode messages from the Hagelin C-36 which was being used by the Italians, the Tunny and the Heath Robinson. Fensom's work took him increasingly to Bletchley Park and in December 1943 the first Colossus machine was installed at Bletchley Park to decode the messages from the Lorenz machine. The Mark II Colossus was installed on 1 June 1944 in time for the D-day landings on 6 June. By the end of the war there were ten functioning Colossi working around the clock helping to decipher the messages of German High Command. The deciphered messages provided the Allies with crucial intelligence on what enemy armed forces were plotting. The allies knew for example that Hitler had swallowed the bait that the D-Day landings in June 1944 would be at Calais rather than Normandy. This gave the Allies a decisive advantage.
Sir Harry Hinsley, as the official historian, in his book 'British Intelligence in the Second World War' gave his opinion that the breaking of the Enigma and Lorenz codes shortened the war by at least two years and saved hundreds of thousands of lives.
Post war activity
After the war, Fensom continued to work for the GPO at Dollis Hill. In 1957 he was given charge by Sydney Broadhurst of the system design of a machine called ERNIE, which was to be used to deliver the winning numbers of the prizes for the Premium Bonds.
After his retirement, Fensom assisted Tony Sale in the Colossus rebuild project at the National Museum of Computing. Fensom and Sale visited Allen Coombs in Plymouth in 1996. Coombs had (illegally) kept his wartime notes which proved very useful in Sale's attempt to recreate Colossus.
References
English electrical engineers
Bletchley Park people
People from Catford
1921 births
2010 deaths |
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