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The 2016 Utah Utes women's soccer team represented the University of Utah during the 2016 NCAA Division I women's soccer season.
Schedule
References
Utah Utes women's soccer |
Cline's Church of the United Brethren in Christ, also known as Cline's United Methodist Church, is a historic Brethren church on Cline's Church Road, 0.5 miles south of PA 34 at Menallen Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1850, and is a one-story, plain rectangular limestone building with a low gable roof. It measures 35 feet wide and 46 feet deep. The interior is a single room with white plastered walls and ceiling. Located adjacent to the church is the Cline's Cemetery, with grave markers dated from the mid-1800s to the present.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
References
External links
Cline's UMC Homepage
Methodist churches in Pennsylvania
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Cemeteries in Pennsylvania
Federal architecture in Pennsylvania
Churches completed in 1850
19th-century churches in the United States
Churches in Adams County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Pennsylvania |
Jerash ( Ǧaraš; ; , ) is a city in northern Jordan. The city is the administrative center of the Jerash Governorate, and has a population of 50,745 as of 2015. It is located north of the capital city Amman.
The earliest evidence of settlement in Jerash is in a Neolithic site known as Tal Abu Sowan, where rare human remains dating to around 7500 BC were uncovered. Jerash flourished during the Greek, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods until the mid-eighth century CE, when the 749 Galilee earthquake destroyed large parts of it, while subsequent earthquakes contributed to additional destruction. However, in the year 1120, Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin, atabeg of Damascus ordered a garrison of forty men to build up a fort in an unknown site of the ruins of the ancient city, likely the highest spot of the city walls in the north-eastern hills. It was captured in 1121 by Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, and utterly destroyed. Then, the Crusaders immediately abandoned Jerash and withdrew to Sakib (Seecip); the eastern border of the settlement.
Jerash was then deserted until it reappeared in the historical record at the beginning of Ottoman rule in the area during the early 16th century. In the census of 1596, it had a population of 12 Muslim households. However, archaeologists found a small Mamluk hamlet in the Northwest Quarter which indicates that Jerash was resettled before the Ottoman era. The excavations conducted since 2011 have shed light on the Middle Islamic period as recent discoveries have uncovered a large concentration of Middle Islamic/Mamluk structures and pottery. The ancient city has been gradually revealed through a series of excavations which commenced in 1925, and continue to this day.
Jerash today is home to one of the best preserved Greco-Roman cities, which earned it the nickname "Pompeii of the Middle East". Approximately 330,000 visitors arrived in Jerash in 2018, making it one of the most visited sites in Jordan. The city hosts the Jerash Festival, one of the leading cultural events in the Middle East that attracts tens of thousands of visitors every year.
History
Neolithic age
Archaeologists have found ruins of settlements dating back to the Neolithic Age. Moreover, in August 2015, an archaeological excavation team from the University of Jordan unearthed two human skulls that date back to the Neolithic period (7500–5500 BC) at a site in Jerash, which forms solid evidence of inhabitance of Jordan in that period especially with the existence of 'Ain Ghazal Neolithic settlement in Amman. The importance of the discovery lies in the rarity of the skulls, as archaeologists estimate that a maximum of 12 sites across the world contain similar human remains.
Bronze age
Evidence of settlements dating to the Bronze Age (3200–1200 BC) have been found in the region.
Hellenistic period
Jerash is the site of the ruins of the Greek city of Gerasa, also referred to as Antioch on the Golden River.
Ancient Greek inscriptions from the city support that the city was founded by Alexander the Great and his general Perdiccas, who allegedly settled aged Macedonian soldiers there during the spring of 331 BC, when he left Egypt and crossed Syria on route to Mesopotamia. However, other sources, namely the city's former name of "Antioch on the Chrysorrhoas, point to a founding by Seleucid King Antioch IV, while still others attribute the founding to Ptolemy II of Egypt.
In the early 80s BC Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus besieged and conquered Gerasa, incorporating it into the Kingdom of Judea. Archeological findings indicate that public buildings in Gerasa may have been destroyed during that period.
Roman period
With the Roman conquest of the area in 63 BCE, the short-lived Jewish rule of Gerasa came to an end. Pompey attached the city to the Decapolis, a league of Hellenistic cities that enjoyed considerable autonomy under Roman protection. The historian Josephus mentions the city as being principally inhabited by Syrians, and also having a small Jewish community. During the First Jewish–Roman War, Gerasa was among the few non-Jewish cities in the region not to kill or imprison its Jewish residents, and its residents even escorted any Jews who wanted to leave to the border.
Jerash was the birthplace of the mathematician Nicomachus of Gerasa () (). It has been proposed to identify it as Geresh, a place mentioned by Josephus as the birthplace of Jewish Zealot leader Simon bar Giora, but other scholars identify it with modern-day Jurish.
In the second half of the 1st century AD, the city of Jerash achieved great prosperity. In AD 106, Jerash was absorbed into the Roman province of Arabia, which included the cities of Philadelphia (modern day Amman), Petra and Bostra. The Romans ensured security and peace in this area, which enabled its people to devote their efforts and time to economic development and encouraged civic building activity. Emperor Trajan constructed roads throughout the province, and more trade came to Jerash. Emperor Hadrian visited Jerash in AD 129–130, and the triumphal arch known as the Arch of Hadrian was built to celebrate this occasion.
Byzantine period
The city finally reached a size of about within its walls. Beneath the foundations of a Byzantine church that was built in Jerash in AD 530 there was discovered a mosaic floor with ancient Greek and Hebrew-Aramaic inscriptions. The presence of the Hebrew-Aramaic script has led scholars to think that the place was formerly a synagogue, before being converted into a church. Jerash was invaded by the Persian Sassanids in AD 614.
Few years later, the Byzantine army was defeated in the Battle of the Yarmuk by the invading Muslim forces and these territories became part of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Early Muslim period
The city flourished during the Umayyad Caliphate. It had numerous shops and issued coins with the mint named "Jerash" in Arabic. It was also a center for ceramic manufacture; molded ceramic lamps had Arabic inscriptions that showed the potter's name and Jerash as the place of manufacture. The large mosque and several churches that continued to be used as places of worship, indicated that during the Umayyad period Jerash had a sizable Muslim community that co-existed with the Christians. In CE 749, a devastating earthquake destroyed much of Jerash and its surroundings.
Crusader period
In the early 12th century a fortress was built by a garrison stationed in the area by the Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin, atabeg of Damascus. Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, captured and burned the fortress in 1121–1122 CE. Although the site of the fortification has often been identified with the ruins of the temple of Artemis, there is no evidence of the creation of a fortification in the temple in the 12th century. The location of this fort is probably to be found at the highest point of the city walls, in the north-eastern hills.
Mid to Late Muslim period
Small settlements continued in Jerash during the Mamluk Sultanate, and Ottoman periods. This occurred particularly in the Northwest Quarter and around the Temple of Zeus, where several Islamic Mamluk domestic structures have now been excavated.
In 1596, during the Ottoman era, Jerash was noted in the census as Jaras, being located in the nahiya of Bani Ilwan in the liwa of Ajloun. It had a population of 12 Muslim households. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees/fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil/grape syrup; a total of 6,000 akçe.
In 1838 Jerash was noted as a ruin.
Climate
Jerash has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).
Archaeology
Jerash is considered one of the largest and most well-preserved sites of Greek and Roman architecture in the world outside Italy. And is sometimes misleadingly referred to as the "Pompeii of the Middle East" or of Asia, referring to its size, extent of excavation and level of preservation. One of the first to explore the site of Jerash in the 19th century was Prince Abamelek. Excavation and restoration of Jerash has been almost continuous since the 1920s.
Greco-Roman period
Remains in the Greco-Roman Gerasa include:
The unique oval plaza, which is surrounded by a fine Ionic colonnade
The two large sanctuaries dedicated to Artemis and Zeus with their well preserved temples
Two theatres (the South Theatre and the North Theatre)
The long colonnaded street or cardo and its side streets or decumani
The two tetrapyla of Jerash, one at the intersection of northern-decumanus and cardo maximus and the other at the intersection of southern-Decumanus and cardo maximus
The Hadrian's Arch
The circus/hippodrome
Two major thermae (communal baths complexes)
A large nymphaeum fed by an aqueduct
A beautiful macellum or porticoed market
A trapezoidal plaza delimited by two open-exedra buildings
An almost complete circuit of city walls
Two large bridges across the nearby river
An extramural sanctuary with large pools and a small theatre.
Most of these monuments were built by donations of the city's wealthy citizens.
The south theatre has a focus in the center of the pit in front of the stage, marked by a distinct stone, and from which normal speaking can be heard easily throughout the auditorium.
In 2018, at least 14 marble sculptures were discovered in the excavation of the Eastern Baths of Gerasa, including images of Aphrodite and Zeus.
Late Roman and Early Byzantine period
A large Christian community lived in Jerash. A large cathedral was built in the city in the 4th century, the first of at least 14 churches built between the 4th and the 7th-century, many with superb mosaic floors.
The supposed sawmill of Gerasa is well described in the Visitors Centre. The use of water power to saw wood or stone is well known in the Roman world: the invention occurred in the 3rd century BC. They converted the rotary movement from the mill into a linear motion using a crankshaft; good examples are known also from Hierapolis and Ephesus.
Early Muslim period
Rashidun Mosque
Umayyad Mosques
Umayyad Houses
Jarash, view of archaeological site from south west
Archaeological museums
The archaeological site of Jerash has two museums in which are displayed archaeological materials and corresponding information about the site and its rich history. The Jerash Archaeological Museum, which is the older of the two museums, is found on top of the mound known as "Camp Hill" just east of the Cardo and overlooking the Oval Plaza. The small museum contains a chronological display of artifacts found in and around Jerash from prehistoric to Islamic times. The museum displays a unique group of small statues of a group identified as the Muses of the Olympic pantheon which were discovered at Jerash in 2016. The statues, which are Roman in date, were found in a fragmentary condition and have been partially restored. The museum also contains a well-preserved lead sarcophagus dated to the late 4th to 5th centuries and features Christian and pagan symbolism. The museum also has a number of sculptures, altars, and mosaics displayed outside.
The Jerash Visitor Center serves as a more recent archaeological museum, and presents the site of Jerash in a thematic approach with a focus on the evolution and development of the city of Jerash over time, as well as economy, technology, religion, and daily life. The center also displays further sculptures discovered in Jerash in 2016, including restored statues of Zeus and Aphrodite, as well as a marble head thought to represent the Roman Empress Julia Domna.
Modern Jerash
Jerash has developed dramatically in the last century with the growing importance of the tourism industry in the city. Jerash is now the second-most popular tourist attraction in Jordan, closely behind the ruins of Petra. On the western side of the city, which contained most of the representative buildings, the ruins have been carefully preserved and spared from encroachment, with the modern city sprawling to the east of the river which once divided ancient Jerash in two.
Territorial expansion
Recently the city of Jerash has expanded to include many of the surrounding areas.
Demographics
Jerash has an ethnically diverse population. The vast majority are Arabs, though the population includes small numbers of Kurds, Circassians and Armenians. A majority is Muslim.
Jerash became a destination for many successive waves of foreign migrants. In 1885, the Ottoman authorities directed the Circassian immigrants who were mainly of peasant stock to settle in Jerash, and distributed arable land among them. The new immigrants have been welcomed by the local people. Later, Jerash also witnessed waves of Palestinian refugees who flowed to the region in 1948 and 1967. The Palestinian refugees settled in two camps; Souf camp near the town of Souf and Gaza (Jerash) camp at Al Ḩaddādah village.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 3,796 inhabitants in Jerash, of whom 270 were Christians.
According to the Jordan national census of 2004, the population of the city was 31,650 and was ranked as the 14th largest municipality in Jordan. According to the last national census in 2015, the population of the city was 50,745, while the population of the governorate was 237,059.
Culture and entertainment
Since 1981, the old city of Jerash has hosted the Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts, a three-week-long summer program of dance, music, and theatrical performances. The festival is frequently attended by members of the royal family of Jordan and is hailed as one of the largest cultural activities in the region.
In addition performances of the Roman Army and Chariot Experience (RACE) were started at the hippodrome in Jerash. The show runs twice daily, at 11 am and at 2 pm, and at 10 am on Fridays, except Tuesdays. It features forty-five legionaries in full armor in a display of Roman army drill and battle tactics, ten gladiators fighting "to the death" and several Roman chariots competing in a classical seven-lap race around the ancient hippodrome.
Economy
Jerash's economy largely depends on commerce and tourism. Jerash is also a main source of the highly educated and skilled workforce in Jordan. The location of the city, being just half an hour ride from the largest three cities in Jordan (Amman, Zarqa and Irbid), makes Jerash a good business location.
Education
Jerash has two universities: Jerash Private University and Philadelphia University.
Tourism
The number of tourists who visited the ancient city of Jerash reached 214,000 during 2005. The number of non-Jordanian tourists was 182,000 last year, and the sum of entry charges reached JD900,000. The Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts is an annual celebration of Arabic and international culture during the summer months. Jerash is located 48 km north of the capital city of Amman. The festival site is located within the ancient ruins of Jerash, some of which date to the Roman age (63 BC). The Jerash Festival is a festival which features poetry recitals, theatrical performances, concerts and other forms of art. In 2008, authorities launched the Jordan Festival, a nationwide theme-oriented event under which the Jerash Festival became a component. However, the government revived the Jerash Festival as the "substitute (Jordan Festival) proved to be not up to the message intended from the festival."
Gallery
See also
Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac
Jerash Cathedral
Scythopolis (Beth-Shean)
Temple of Artemis, Jerash
References
Bibliography
(p. 462)
External links
Photos of Jerash from the American Center of Research
Photos of Jerash from the Manar al-Athar photo archive
Archaeological sites in Jordan
Decapolis
Former populated places in Southwest Asia
Populated places in Jerash Governorate
Roman towns and cities in Jordan
1910 establishments in the Ottoman Empire |
is a 2004 Japanese film directed by Jun Ichikawa, based on the short story by Haruki Murakami.
Inspiration
Haruki Murakami was intrigued by the name Tony Takitani when, at a garage sale on Maui, he found a yellow T-shirt that said, "Tony Takitani, House (D)."
At the time, Takitani was running for office. Murakami decided to write the man's life story as this short story.
Plot summary
Takitani Shozaburo, a jazz trombonist from Japan, spends the Second World War in China. Shozaburo is imprisoned and many of his fellow inmates are executed. He expects he will be executed, and he is shown curled up on the floor of his cell. However, he survives and in 1946 returns to Japan where he marries a distant relative on his mother's side. A year later they have a child, Tony, but Tony's mother dies three days after giving birth to him.
Shozaburo continues to travel and is away from home most of the time. Because of Tony's Americanised name, people often react oddly or sometimes with hostility to him. As such, he finds it natural to spend time alone. Tony develops an interest in drawing but prefers accuracy over emotion. As an adult he gets a job as a technical illustrator.
Tony falls in love with a young client, Eiko, who is obsessed with shopping for clothes. On their fifth date he proposes to her, but she says she has been seeing someone else for some time, and that she will think it over. Eventually Eiko accepts, and they are married.
Although Eiko and Tony are very happy together, they recognise that her shopping is becoming a problem: Eiko accumulates so many clothes and shoes that an entire room in the house is dedicated to them. Several days after acknowledging the issue, she decides to drive to her favourite boutique to return a coat and dress. After having returned the clothes, Eiko initially feels a sense of release, but whilst waiting at a traffic light, she begins to think about their colour, style, and texture. The light changes, and there is a crash in which Eiko is killed.
Tony is completely distraught and sets about hiring an assistant, Hisako, with the one condition that she should wear his wife's clothes to work. When Hisako sees Eiko's clothes, she begins to cry. Later that day Tony decides not to hire an assistant and sells the clothes instead.
Two years after his wife's death, Tony's father dies, leaving behind his trombone and his collection of jazz records. Tony keeps the trombone and the records in the room where Eiko used to keep her clothes. After a year Tony sells the records and the trombone. He also burns many of his paper belongings.
One evening at a gala event, a young man approaches Tony and introduces himself as the other man Eiko was seeing before she married Tony. He speaks disparagingly of Eiko. Tony rebukes him and leaves.
Tony lies on the floor of the now-empty room, mirroring the position of his father in the prison cell in China. He thinks about Hisako. Finally Tony calls Hisako but puts the phone down before she can answer.
Cast
Issey Ogata – Tony Takitani, Shozaburo Takitani
Rie Miyazawa – Konuma Eiko, Hisako
Takahumi Shinohara – Young Tony Takitani
Hidetoshi Nishijima – Narrator (voice)
Soundtrack
The soundtrack for the film was entirely composed by Ryuichi Sakamoto.
Track listing
"DNA - Intro" 11:37
"Solitude" 4:55
"DNA" 6:28
"Bottom" 0:40
"Fotografia #1" 3:33
"Fotografia #2" 3:42
"Solitude #2" 2:34
"Harmonics #1" 0:51
"Solitude - One Note" 3:25
"Harmonics #2" 1:02
"Solitude - Theme" 4:00
Reception
On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 80 out of 100 based on 22 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
The New York Times calls it "A delicate wisp of a film with a surprisingly sharp sting".
References
External links
Official site (archived)
Tony Takitani at JMDb (in Japanese)
Special edition book of the short story, Tony Takitani by Haruki Murakami
Region 2 DVD review
Web edition of the short story, Tony Takitani by Haruki Murakami
2004 films
2004 drama films
Japanese drama films
Films based on short fiction
Films based on works by Haruki Murakami
Films directed by Jun Ichikawa
Films scored by Ryuichi Sakamoto |
The women's discus throw event at the 1955 International University Sports Week was held in San Sebastián on 11 August 1955.
Results
References
Athletics at the 1955 Summer International University Sports Week
1955 |
, this is the list of the 282 Munros, recognised by the Scottish Mountaineering Club ("SMC") and The Munro Society. The Munros are listed by "Section" per the Munro's Tables, and in descending order of height within each section. Hills are divided by sub-region, and hills with less than relative height (or prominence) are indented. The term Real Munro is used for hills with a prominence above , which is the threshold for a Marilyn. For a single table of all 282 Munros, or all 226 Munro Tops, ranked by height and by prominence, see the "List of Munro mountains in Scotland".
Section one: Firth of Clyde to Strathtay
1c. Loch Lomond to Strathyre
Beinn a' Chroin (941.4 m) Gaelic: Beinn a' Chroin
Ben Lomond (974 m) Gaelic: Beinn Laomainn
Beinn Chabhair (932.1 m) Gaelic: Beinn a' Chabhair
1d. Inveraray to Crianlarich
Ben Lui (1130 m) Gaelic: Beinn Laoigh
Beinn a' Chleibh (916.3 m) Gaelic: Beinn a' Chlèibh
Ben Oss (1029 m) Gaelic: Beinn Ois
Beinn Dubhchraig (978 m) Gaelic: Beinn Dubh-chreig
Beinn Ìme (1011 m) Gaelic: Beinn Ime
Beinn Bhuidhe (948.5 m) Gaelic: A' Bheinn Bhuidhe
Ben Vorlich (943 m) Gaelic: Beinn Mhùrlaig
Beinn Narnain (927 m) Gaelic: Beinn Nàrnain
Ben Vane (915.76 m) Gaelic: A' Bheinn Mheadhain
Section two: Loch Rannoch to Loch Tay
2a. Loch Rannoch to Glen Lyon
Schiehallion (1083 m)
Beinn a' Chreachain (1080.6 m)
Beinn Dorain (1076 m)
Càrn Mairg (1042 m)
Càrn Gorm (1029 m)
Meall nan Aighean (981 m)
Meall Garbh (Càrn Mairg Group) (968 m)
Beinn Achaladair (1038.5 m)
Beinn an Dothaidh (1004 m)
Stuchd an Lochain (960 m)
Beinn Mhanach (953 m)
Meall Buidhe (932.1 m)
2b. Glen Lyon to Glen Dochart and Loch Tay
Ben Lawers (1214 m)
An Stùc (1117.1 m)
Meall Garbh (Lawers Group) (1123.1 m)
Beinn Ghlas (1103 m)
Meall Greigh (1001 m)
Beinn Heasgarnich (1077.4 m)
Meall Corranaich (1069 m)
Meall a' Choire Leith (925.6 m)
Creag Mhòr (1047 m)
Meall nan Tarmachan (1043.5 m)
Meall Ghaordaidh (1039.8 m)
Ben Challum (1025 m)
Meall Glas (959 m)
Sgiath Chuil (920 m)
Section three: Loch Leven to Connel Bridge and Glen Lochy
3a. Loch Leven to Rannoch Station
Aonach Eagach - Sgor nam Fiannaidh (967.7 m)
Meall Dearg (952.2 m)
3b. Loch Linnhe to Loch Etive
Bidean nam Bian (1149.4 m)
Stob Coire Sgreamhach (1072 m)
Beinn a' Bheithir - Sgorr Dhearg (1024 m)
Sgorr Dhonuill (1001 m)
Buachaille Etive Mòr - Stob Dearg (1021.4 m)
Sgor na Bròige (953.4 m)
Sgùrr na h-Ulaidh (994 m)
Beinn Fhionnlaidh (959 m)
Buachaille Etive Beag - Stob Dubh (958 m)
Stob Coire Raineach (925 m)
Beinn Sgulaird (937 m)
3c. Glen Etive to Glen Lochy
Ben Cruachan (1127 m)
Stob Diamh (999.2 m)
Meall a' Bhùiridh (1107.9 m)
Creise (1099.8 m)
Stob Ghabhar (1090 m)
Ben Starav (1078 m)
Stob Coir' an Albannaich (1044 m)
Meall nan Eun (928 m)
Glas Bheinn Mhòr (997 m)
Beinn Eunaich (989 m)
Beinn a' Chochuill (980 m)
Beinn nan Aighenan (960 m)
Stob a' Choire Odhair (945 m)
Section four: Fort William to Loch Ericht
4a. Fort William to Loch Treig
Ben Nevis (1345 m)
Càrn Mòr Dearg (1220 m)
Aonach Beag (1234 m)
Aonach Mòr (1221 m)
Stob Choire Claurigh (1177 m)
Stob Coire an Laoigh (1116 m)
Sgùrr Choinnich Mòr (1094 m)
Stob Bàn (977 m)
Stob Coire Easain (1115 m)
Stob a' Choire Mheadhoin (1105 m)
4b. The Mamores
Binnein Mòr (1130 m)
Na Gruagaichean (1054.2 m)
Binnein Beag (943 m)
Sgùrr a' Mhàim (1099 m)
Am Bodach (1031.8 m)
An Gearanach (981.4 m)
Stob Coire a' Chàirn (981.4 m)
Sgùrr Eilde Mòr (1010 m)
Stob Bàn (999.7 m)
Mullach nan Coirean (939.3 m)
4c. Loch Treig to Loch Ericht
Ben Alder (1148 m)
Beinn Bheòil (1019 m)
Geal-Chàrn (1132 m)
Aonach Beag (1115.8 m)
Beinn Eibhinn (1103.2 m)
Càrn Dearg (1034 m)
Beinn a' Chlachair (1087 m)
Geal Charn (1049 m)
Creag Pitridh (924 m)
Chno Dearg (1046 m)
Stob Coire Sgriodain (979 m)
Sgor Gaibhre (955 m)
Càrn Dearg (941 m)
Beinn na Lap (935 m)
Section five: Loch Ericht to Glen Tromie and Glen Garry
5a. Loch Ericht to Glen Garry
Beinn Udlamain (1010.2 m)
Sgairneach Mhòr (991 m)
Geal-chàrn (917.1 m)
A' Mharconaich (973.2 m)
5b. Glen Garry to Gaick Pass
Meall Chuaich (951 m)
Càrn na Caim (940.8 m)
A' Bhuidheanach Bheag (936 m)
Section six: Forest of Atholl to Braemar and Blairgowrie
6a. Glen Tromie to Glen Tilt
Beinn Dearg (1008.7 m)
An Sgarsoch (1006.5 m)
Càrn an Fhidhleir (994 m)
Càrn a' Chlamhain (963.5 m)
6b. Pitlochry to Braemar and Blairgowrie
Beinn a' Ghlò - Càrn nan Gabhar (1121.9 m)
Bràigh Coire Chruinn-bhalgain (1070 m)
Glas Tulaichean (1051 m)
Beinn Iutharn Mhòr (1045 m)
Càrn Bhac (945.1 m)
An Socach (944 m)
Càrn an Rìgh (1029 m)
Càrn Liath (976 m)
Càrn a' Gheòidh (975 m)
The Cairnwell (933 m)
Carn Aosda (915.3 m)
Section seven: Braemar to Montrose
Lochnagar (1156 m)
Càrn a' Coire Boidheach (1109.9 m)
Glas Maol (1068 m)
Cairn of Claise (1064 m)
Càrn an t-Sagairt Mòr (1047 m)
Càrn an Tuirc (1019 m)
Cairn Bannoch (1012 m)
Broad Cairn (998 m)
Creag Leacach (988.2 m)
Tolmount (958 m)
Tom Buidhe (957 m)
Driesh (947 m)
Mayar (928 m)
Mount Keen (939 m)
Section eight: The Cairngorms
Ben Macdui (1309 m)
Cairn Gorm (1244.8 m)
Derry Cairngorm (1155 m)
Braeriach (1296 m)
Cairn Toul (1291 m)
Sgor an Lochain Uaine (1258 m)
The Devil's Point (1004 m)
Beinn a' Bhùird (1197 m)
Ben Avon - Leabaidh an Daimh Bhuidhe (1171 m)
Beinn Mheadhoin (1182.9 m)
Beinn Bhrotain (1157 m)
Monadh Mòr (1113 m)
Sgor Gaoith (1118 m)
Mullach Clach a' Bhlàir (1019 m)
Bynack More (1090 m)
Beinn a' Chaorainn (Cairngorms) (1083 m)
Beinn Bhreac (931 m)
Càrn a' Mhàim (1037 m)
Section nine: Spean Bridge to Elgin
9a. The Monadh Liath
Càrn Dearg (945.7 m)
A' Chailleach (929.2 m)
Geal Chàrn (926 m)
Càrn Sgulain (920.3 m)
9b. Loch Lochy to Loch Laggan
Creag Meagaidh (1128 m)
Stob Poite Coire Ardair (1054 m)
Càrn Liath (1006 m)
Beinn a' Chaorainn (1052 m)
Beinn Teallach (914.6 m)
Section ten: Glen Shiel to Glenfinnan
10a. Glen Shiel to Loch Hourn and Glen Quoich
Gleouraich (1035 m)
Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich (1027 m)
Aonach air Chrith (1019.5 m)
Sgùrr an Doire Leathain (1010 m)
Sgùrr an Lochain (1004 m)
Druim Shionnach (987 m)
Maol Chinn-dearg (980.3 m)
Creag a' Mhaim (946 m)
Creag nan Damh (917.2 m)
The Saddle (1011.4 m)
Spidean Mialach (996 m)
Beinn Sgritheall (974 m)
Sgùrr na Sgine (946 m)
10b. Knoydart to Glen Kingie
Sgùrr na Cìche (1040 m)
Garbh Chioch Mhòr (1013 m)
Ladhar Bheinn (1020 m)
Sgùrr Mòr (1003 m)
Sgùrr nan Coireachan (956 m)
Meall Buidhe (946 m)
Luinne Bheinn (939 m)
Gairich (919 m)
10c. Loch Arkaig to Glen Moriston
Sròn a' Choire Ghairbh (937 m)
Meall na Teanga (916.8 m)
10d. Mallaig to Fort William
Gaor Bheinn or Gulvain (987 m)
Sgùrr Thuilm (963 m)
Sgùrr nan Coireachan (956 m)
Section eleven: Loch Duich to Loch Ness, South of Loch Mullardoch
11a. Loch Duich to Cannich
Càrn Eige (1182.8 m)
Mam Sodhail (1179.4 m)
Tom a' Choinich (1112 m)
Toll Creagach (1054 m)
Beinn Fhionnlaidh (1004.7 m)
Sgùrr nan Ceathreamhnan (1151 m)
Mullach na Dheireagain (982 m)
An Socach (921 m)
Sgùrr Fhuaran (1068.7 m)
Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe (1027 m)
Sgùrr na Càrnach (1002 m)
Sgùrr a' Bhealaich Dheirg (1036 m)
Aonach Meadhoin (1001 m)
Sàileag (956 m)
Beinn Fhada (1032 m)
Ciste Dhubh (979 m)
A' Ghlas-bheinn (918 m)
11b. Glen Affric to Glen Moriston
A' Chràlaig (1120 m)
Mullach Fraoch-choire (1102 m)
Sgùrr nan Conbhairean (1109 m)
Sail Chaorainn (1002 m)
Càrn Ghluasaid (957 m)
Section twelve: Kyle of Lochalsh to Inverness, North of Loch Mullardoch
12a. Kyle of Lochalsh to Garve
Sgùrr a' Choire Ghlais (1083 m)
Sgùrr Fhuar-thuill (1049 m)
Càrn nan Gobhar (Strathfarrar) (992 m)
Sgurr a' Chaorachain (1053 m)
Sgùrr Choinnich (999.2 m)
Maoile Lunndaidh (1004.9 m)
Sgùrr na Ruaidhe (993 m)
Lurg Mhòr (987 m)
Bidein a' Choire Sheasgaich (945 m)
Mòruisg (928 m)
12b. Killilan to Inverness
Sgùrr na Lapaich (1151 m)
Càrn nan Gobhar (Mullardoch)(992 m)
An Riabhachan (1129 m)
An Socach (1069 m)
Section thirteen: Loch Carron to Loch Maree
13a. Loch Torridon to Loch Maree
Liathach - Spidean a' Choire Leith (1055 m)
Mullach an Rathain (1023.8 m)
Beinn Eighe - Ruadh-stac Mòr (1010 m)
Spidean Coire nan Clach (993 m)
Beinn Alligin - Sgùrr Mhòr (986 m)
Tom na Gruagaich (922 m)
13b. Applecross to Achnasheen
Sgorr Ruadh (960.7 m)
Maol Chean-dearg (933 m)
Beinn Liath Mhòr (926 m)
Section fourteen: Loch Maree to Loch Broom and Garve
14a. Loch Maree to Loch Broom
An Teallach - Bidein a' Ghlas Thuill (1062.5 m)
Sgùrr Fiona (1058.6 m)
Mullach Coire Mhic Fhearchair (1015.2 m)
Sgùrr Bàn (989 m)
Slioch (981 m)
A' Mhaighdean (967 m)
Ruadh Stac Mòr (918.7 m)
Beinn Tarsuinn (933.8 m)
14b. The Fannaichs
Sgùrr Mòr (1109 m)
Beinn Liath Mhòr Fannaich (954 m)
Meall Gorm (949 m)
Meall a' Chrasgaidh (934 m)
An Coileachan (923.9 m)
Sgùrr nan Clach Geala (1093 m)
Sgùrr nan Each (923 m)
Sgùrr Breac (999 m)
A' Chailleach (997 m)
Fionn Bheinn (933 m)
Section fifteen: Ullapool to the Moray Firth
15a. Loch Broom to Strath Oykel
Beinn Dearg (1084 m)
Cona' Mheall (978 m)
Meall nan Ceapraichean (977 m)
Eididh nan Clach Geala (927 m)
Am Faochagach (953 m)
Seana Bhràigh (926 m)
15b. Loch Vaich to the Moray Firth
Ben Wyvis - Glas Leathad Mòr (1046 m)
Section sixteen: The Far North
16a. Durness to Loch Shin
Ben Hope (927 m)
16b. Altnaharra to Dornoch
Ben Klibreck - Meall nan Con (962.1 m)
16c. Scourie to Lairg
Ben More Assynt (998 m)
Conival (987 m)
Section seventeen: Skye and Mull
Bibliography
See also
Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles
List of mountains of the British Isles by height
List of Munro and Munro Tops in Scotland
List of Murdos (mountains)
List of Corbetts (mountains)
List of Grahams (mountains)
List of Donald mountains in Scotland
References
External links
Scottish Mountaineering Club - The SMC maintain the lists of Munros, Munro Tops, Furths, Corbetts and Donalds. They also keep a record of Completionists.
Walkhighlands guide to the Munros – Features podcasts giving the correct pronunciation and place-name meanings, a 3D visualisation of every route, gradient profiles and route downloads for GPS devices.
MunroMagic.com – Munro, Corbett and Graham descriptions, pictures, location maps, walking routes and weather reports.
Hill Bagging - the online version of the Database of British and Irish Hills - Survey reports, the change control database and the GPS database are on Hill Bagging.
The Munros and Tops 1891–1997 – Spreadsheet showing changes in successive editions of Munros Tables.
Ordnance Survey Munro Blog - OS is Britain's mapping agency. They make the most up-to-date and accurate maps of the United Kingdom. They have also produced a blog on the Munros.
Harold Street Munros Lists of GPS waypoints + Grid References for walking in UK mountains and hills in various GPS file formats.
ScottishHills.com – Hillwalking forum with Munro, Corbett, Graham and Donald, Sub 200's log, maps and trip reports.
Peak bagging in the United Kingdom
Tourist attractions in Scotland |
Main Battle Tank: Central Germany is a 1989 video game published by Simulations Canada.
Gameplay
Main Battle Tank: Central Germany is a game in which the player takes the role of either a battalion leader or a brigade/regiment leader in a scenario covered by the fog of war.
Reception
Mike Siggins reviewed Main Battle Tank: West Germany for Games International magazine, and gave it 4 stars out of 5, and stated that "MBT is a very good game and should be an essential purchase for the modern period gamer."
William Bulley reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Main Battle Tank: Central Germany is a quality game."
References
External links
Review in ST Format #5
1989 video games
Amiga games
Apple II games
Cold War video games
Computer wargames
Simulations Canada video games
Tank simulation video games
Turn-based strategy video games
Video games developed in Canada
Video games set in Germany |
The 2024 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament in China will be one of four 2024 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments. The tournament will be a at a city yet to be determined, China, from 8 to 11 February 2024.
Teams
Standings
Results
References
External links
Official website
China
International women's basketball competitions hosted by China |
ATP-dependent metalloprotease YME1L1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the YME1L1 gene. YME1L1 belongs to the AAA family of ATPases and mainly functions in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Mutations in this gene would cause infantile-onset mitochondriopathy.
Structure
Gene
The YME1L1 gene is located at chromosome 10p14, consisting of 20 exons. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Protein
YME1L1 consists of 716 amino acids and is highly similar to all mitochondrial AAA proteases and in particular to yeast Yme1p. Three different domains are identified via sequence analysis, including an AAA consensus sequence between amino acids 317 and 502, an ATP/GTP binding motif, and a HEXXH motif typical of a zinc-dependent binding domain.
Function
YME1L1 is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is more abundant in tissues with a high content of mitochondria such as human adult heart, skeletal muscle, and pancreas RNA. YME1L1 is a member of the AAA family of ATPases and has an important role for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Its mature form assembles into a homo-oligomeric complex within the inner mitochondrial membrane (IM). It degrades both intermembrane space and IM proteins, including lipid transfer proteins, components of protein translocases of the IM, and the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) Loss of YME1L1 accelerates OMA1-dependent long-form OPA1 cleavage, resulting in short-form OPA1 accumulation, increased mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial network fragmentation. It's also reported that YME1L1 controls the accumulation of respiratory chain subunits and is required for apoptotic resistance, cristae morphogenesis, and cell proliferation.
Clinical significance
A homozygous mutation in the YME1L1 gene would cause infantile-onset mitochondriopathy, with severe intellectual disability, muscular impairments, and optic nerve atrophy. The missense mutation affects the MPP processing site and impairs YME1L1 maturation, leading to its rapid degradation, and also leads to a proliferation defect, abnormal OPA1 processing and mitochondrial fragmentation.
Interactions
OPA1
OMA1
References
Further reading |
The 1961 Milan–San Remo was the 52nd edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 18 March 1961. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. It was won by Raymond Poulidor, who earlier had to be encouraged by his director Antonin Magne not to give up after suffering a puncture. The peloton arrived 3 seconds later, with Rik Van Looy winning the sprint.
General classification
References
1961
1961 in road cycling
1961 in Italian sport
1961 Super Prestige Pernod
March 1961 sports events in Europe |
Jane, Lady Herdman (; 1867 1922) was a student and early patron of the University of Liverpool and was an education committee member in Liverpool in the early twentieth century. In the last year of her life (1922), her husband acquired a knighthood and she was formally known as Jane, Lady Herdman or Lady Herdman.
Early life
Jane Herdman was the daughter of Alfred Holt, a Liverpool ship owner, merchant and engineer, and Catherine Long. The family lived at Crofton Mansion, Aigburth. In 1891, she graduated with a first class honours degree in chemistry from the University of London, having studied science at the University College Liverpool (later to become the University of Liverpool). She became the first President of the Women Students’ Representative Council in Liverpool, in 1892. She married William Abbott Herdman, who held the chair in Natural History at the University College, in 1893 at Toxteth Park Registry Office. They lived at Croxteth Lodge on Ullet Road.
Patronage of the university and work in education
Jane and her husband William endowed the University of Liverpool £10,000, to found the George Herdman Chair of Geology in remembrance of their son, George, who died at the Battle of the Somme. They also funded a Chair of Oceanography.
After Lady Herdman's death in 1922, her widower made a further endowment of £20,000 towards the building of new geological laboratories which were named in remembrance of his wife.
In 1920, Mrs Herdman donated three acres of land near Greenbank Lane to the governors of Blackburne House School, to improve the sporting facilities for girls (the Holts had a long established philanthropic involvement with this school - Jane's grandfather, George Holt, was the founder of the school). Lady Herdman was a member of the Education Committee and was chairman of the Girls School Committee from 1911 to 1922
References
1867 births
1922 deaths
English philanthropists
British philanthropists
Jane
Women of the Victorian era
Wives of knights |
Porkhov () is a town and the administrative center of Porkhovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Shelon River, east of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
The fortress of Porkhov is believed to have been founded in 1239 by Alexander Nevsky. The timber fortress was sacked by Algirdas (Olgierd) in 1356 and fell in flames in 1387. The Novgorod Republic immediately rebuilt its fortifications in limestone downstream. In 1428, Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas destroyed the western wall by artillery fire and entered Porkhov. Two years later, the Novgorodians augmented the fortress and rebuilt its walls. After the fall of Novgorod to the Muscovites in 1478, the fortress lost its military importance.
Porkhov was the second most important town of Shelon Pyatina, after Russa. It was not, however, a significant economical center—there were only seventy-six homesteads there in the 15th century and almost all of them were peasant ones.
In 1606, it was captured by Sweden. In the late 19th century, sizeable trade in linen and grain was conducted there.
During World War II, Porkhov was occupied by German troops from July 11, 1941 to February 26, 1944 and was a place of a concentration camp Dulag 100.
The town of Porkhov, together with Porkhovsky District, was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast from Leningrad Oblast on August 23, 1944.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Porkhov serves as the administrative center of Porkhovsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Porkhov is incorporated within Porkhovsky Municipal District as Porkhov Urban Settlement.
Architecture
The fortress consists of a well-preserved encircling wall; two towers, one of which is half-ruined; a diminutive church from 1412, and a museum of local history. Inside the fortress there are a great many trees and plants. The church of the Virgin's Nativity, a remarkable monumental erection of the 14th century, was disfigured during the Soviet period (picture). Another church of note in Porkhov is the Savior church (1670).
References
Notes
Sources
Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988
External links
Porkhov on NortFort.ru
Porkhov's site
The murder of the Jews of Porkhov during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
Cities and towns in Pskov Oblast
Porkhovsky Uyezd
1239 establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in Russia
Populated places established in the 1230s
Holocaust locations in Russia |
Following is a list of animal actors. Those listed should have either a substantial number of performances or, in rare cases, a high-profile role.
Bears
Cats
Chimpanzees and monkeys
Dogs
Horses
Orcas and dolphins
See also
Animal training
List of individual apes
List of individual bears
List of individual cats
List of individual dogs
List of historical horses
List of individual monkeys
References
Actors
Lists of film actors
Lists of films and television series |
Vitaly Valentinovich Bianki (; 11 February 1894, St. Petersburg — 10 June 1959, Leningrad) was a popular Russian children’s writer and a prolific author of books on nature.
Early life
Bianki's father was Valentin Bianchi (1857–1920), an ornithologist and curator at the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His three sons were at home in its halls. On a summer vacation Vitaly Bianchi went on his first forestry trip, and became a passionate outdoorsman. He graduated from the Natural Science Department of the Physical and Mathematical Faculty of Petrograd University in 1916 with a specialization in ornithology, as well as studies in art at the St. Petersburg Art Institute to assist with the drawing of plants and animals.
Bianchi served in the army in 1916 and joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1917. In 1917 moved to Biysk, where he was forced into the Kolchak army. He deserted and lived under a false name "Vitaly Belyanin" until the eventual expulsion of the Kolchak regime. His double name Bianki-Belyanin remained on his passport until the end of his life. He worked for the Commission for the Protection of Monuments of Tsarskoye Selo, and was sent in spring 1918 to Siberia and the Volga, where he worked in the summer of 1918 in Samara for the newspaper People ("Народ").
After the Soviets came to power, Bianki worked in Biysk in the Department of Education at a regional museum where he served as director. He also worked as a school teacher for Comintern III. He was arrested twice in 1921, and in fear of further arrest, he moved his family in 1922 to Petrograd.
Career
Bianki participated in scientific expeditions on the Volga, Altai Krai, Urals and Kazakhstan and brought back copious scientific notes, about which he wrote: "They were lying like a dead weight on my soul. They - as at the Zoological Museum - has been meeting the many dead animals in the dry record of facts, it was a forest, animals stagnation of immobility, no birds flew and did not sing. Then again, as in childhood, painfully wanted to find a word that would revive them magically compelled to come to life."
In 1923, Bianki began to publish a natural calendar in the Leningrad magazine Sparrow (later New Robinson). This publication became a prototype of his later Forest newspapers every year (1927). In those years he became associated with a literary club, where writers of children's literature gathered. This included the writers Chukovsky, Zhitkov and Marshak. Soon afterward his story "The Red Sparrow Traveling" was published in the magazine Sparrow. Bianki’s first published book for children was titled Whose nose is better? (1923). His voluminous Forest Newspaper for Every Year (1st edition, 1928) is a peculiar encyclopedia of forest life and forest inhabitants.
At the end of 1925, Bianki was arrested again on suspicion of subversive activity and sentenced to three years of exile in Uralsk. In the spring of 1928, he was released to return to Leningrad. In November 1932 was arrested again, but was released after three and a half weeks for lack of evidence. In March 1935, he was arrested as an "active member of the armed uprising against Soviet rule" and taken to the Aktobe region, but was released after intercession by Maxim Gorky's ex-wife, Yekaterina Peshkova. In 1941, he returned to Leningrad. Because of poor health he was not drafted to serve in the army for World War II, but was evacuated to the Urals. After the war he returned again to Leningrad.
The body of his work consists of over three hundred short stories, fairy tales, stories, and articles, which make up 120 books. One of his students and followers was Nikolai Sladkov, an author of books about nature.
Vitali Bianki died in Leningrad and was buried in the Bogoslovskoe Cemetery.
Selected works for children
Anyutka's duck
Water horse
Where crayfish winter
Eyes and ears
Green pond
As the little antz to home hurried
As I wanted to fill to a hare of salt on a tail
Red hill
Who than sings?
Kuzyar the chipmunk and Inoyka the bear
Little cuckoo
Forest houses
Forest scouts
Lyulya
Max
Little mouse Pik
Heavenly elephant
Orange neck
First hunting
Sundew — mosquito's death
The fish house (in a co-authorship with Anna Akimkina)
Snow book
Owl
Little terem
Terentiy the black grouse
Tails
Whose nose is better?
Whose it is feet?
References
External links
Biography of Vitaly Bianki
1894 births
1959 deaths
Writers from Saint Petersburg
People from Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd
Russian people of Italian descent
Soviet people of Italian descent
Left socialist-revolutionaries
Russian socialists
Russian children's writers
Russian male short story writers
Nature writers
Forestry in Russia
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Russian military personnel of World War I
Burials at Bogoslovskoe Cemetery |
Isabelle Dhordain (; 11 May 1959 – 21 February 2021) was a French Journalist.
Early life and education
Her parents were , creator of ORTF and France Inter, and Édith Lansac, Actor and producer at France Culture.
Awards and honors
In 2011, she was made a knight of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
In 2016, she was made a knight of the Ordre national du Mérite.
References
1959 births
2021 deaths
French women journalists
Journalists from Paris
20th-century French journalists
21st-century French journalists
Place of death missing
French music critics
French women music critics
20th-century French women
21st-century French women |
Quentin Carl Greenough (January 13, 1919 – August 1, 2005) was an American football player.
Football career
Greenough was born in Porterville, California and later moved to San Gabriel, California. He attended Alhambra High School, then enrolled at Oregon State College (later Oregon State University) where he became the starting center. In the 1941 season, he was credited with leading Oregon State's 10–0 defensive effort against Stanford, which behind its new T-formation had not lost a game since 1939. Greenough was chosen as an All-American, helping the Beavers to a Pacific Coast Conference championship and berth in the 1942 Rose Bowl. With Greenough anchoring the offensive line, the underdog Beavers won their first (and so far, only) Rose Bowl, upsetting Duke 20–16.
He later played in the 1944 East-West Shrine Game, and after his college career, served in the United States Coast Guard and played on the Coast Guard's football team.
After football
When his playing career ended, Greenough became an assistant football coach under Beavers head coach Lon Stiner. He married Rae Ardis DeMoss, becoming the brother-in-law of his Rose Bowl teammate Don Durdan, who was married to another DeMoss sister. (Another sister was Oregon golf champion Grace DeMoss.) Greenough later set up his own general contractor business in Corvallis, Oregon.
Greenough was named to the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1981< and the Oregon State University Hall of Fame in 1991. He died in Corvallis in 2005.
References
1919 births
2005 deaths
American football centers
Alameda Coast Guard Sea Lions football players
Oregon State Beavers football coaches
Oregon State Beavers football players
Sportspeople from Alhambra, California
Players of American football from Los Angeles County, California
Players of American football from Tulare County, California
People from San Gabriel, California
People from Porterville, California
Coaches of American football from California
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II |
Eva Hudečková (born 3 December 1949 in Prague) is Czech actress, playwright and writer.
She studied dramatic art at the Drama Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. She played many characters in the theatre and films and has won several awards. Since 1986 she has devoted herself to literature, she has written several film subjects, scripts and stories. Her film O ztracené lásce was screened by Czech television. Czech radio produced dramatisation of her book entitled Bratříček Golem (Little Brother Golem). Her husband is violinist Václav Hudeček.
External links
Prix Bohemia Radio – jury
Biography
1949 births
Living people
Czech stage actresses
20th-century Czech dramatists and playwrights
Czech film actresses
Czech women dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Czech dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Czech women writers
20th-century Czech women writers
Actresses from Prague
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni |
The Cleceova is a left tributary of the river Crișul Alb in Romania. It flows into the Crișul Alb near Buteni. Its length is and its basin size is . Most of its flow is diverted into the Canalul Morilor, which flows parallel to the south of the Crișul Alb.
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Arad County |
The 2013 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Manitoba's women's provincial curling championship, was held from January 23 to 27 at the Veterans Memorial Sport Complex in Stonewall, Manitoba. The winning Jennifer Jones team represented Manitoba at the 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Kingston, Ontario.
Qualification Process
Sixteen teams will qualify for the provincial tournament through several berths. The qualification process is as follows:
Teams
Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings
Asham Black Group
Red Brick Red Group
Round-robin results
Draw 1
January 23, 8:30 AM
Montford 12-2 Norquay
Spencer 10-4 McCreanor
Jones 9-3 Park
Cameron 8-4 Harvey
Draw 2
January 23, 12:15 PM
Thurston 9-6 Menard
Kilgallen 7-3 Overton-Clapham
Carey 6-2 Fordyce
Robertson 8-1 Fallis
Draw 3
January 23, 4:00 PM
Jones 10-5 McCreanor
Cameron 5-3 Montford
Harvey 8-2 Norquay
Spencer 9-4 Park
Draw 4
January 23, 8:15 PM
Kilgallen 7-6 Carey
Fallis 7-4 Thurston
Robertson 10-1 Menard
Fordyce 7-6 Overton-Clapham
Draw 5
January 24, 8:30 AM
Spencer 9-2 Cameron
Harvey 7-5 Park
Montford 11-2 McCreanor
Jones 13-1 Norquay
Draw 6
January 24, 12:15 PM
Fallis 8-5 Overton-Clapham
Robertson 9-6 Fordyce
Kilgallen 7-6 Thurston
Carey 7-6 Menard
Draw 7
January 24, 4:00 PM
Montford 10-3 Park
Jones 7-2 Cameron
Spencer 9-1 Norquay
Harvey 10-2 McCreanor
Draw 8
January 24, 7:45 PM
Thurston 8-1 Fordyce
Carey 9-3 Fallis
Overton-Clapham 8-3 Menard
Kilgallen 10-6 Robertson
Draw 9
January 25, 8:30 AM
Overton-Clapham 8-7 Robertson
Kilgallen 6-3 Menard
Fallis 7-5 Fordyce
Carey 9-2 Thurston
Draw 10
January 25, 12:15 PM
Spencer 11-9 Harvey
McCreanor 8-3 Norquay
Cameron 11-6 Park
Montford 6-5 Jones
Draw 11
January 25, 4:00 PM
Fordyce 10-7 Kilgallen
Thurston 11-3 Robertson
Overton-Clapham 8-5 Carey
Fallis 10-9 Menard
Draw 12
January 25, 8:15 PM
McCreanor 9-5 Park
Montford 6-5 Harvey
Jones 8-5 Spencer
Cameron 9-1 Norquay
Draw 13
January 26, 8:30 AM
Draw 14
January 26, 12:15 PM
Playoffs
B1 vs. R1
Saturday, January 26, 7:45 pm
B2 vs. R2
Saturday, January 26, 7:45 pm
Semifinal
Sunday, January 27, 9:30 am
Final
January 27, 1:30 PM
Qualifying Events
Scotties Berth Bonspiel
The 2013 Scotties Berth Bonspiel, presented by Monsanto, will take place from November 16 to 18, 2012. The event will qualify two teams into the provincial playdowns.
Regional Playdowns
Regional playdowns will take place from December 14 to 16, 2012 at various locations and will qualify a total of 11 teams to the provincial playdowns.
References
Manitoba
Curling in Manitoba
Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts
Stonewall, Manitoba
2013 in Manitoba |
PP-158 Lahore-XV () is a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
General elections 2018
General elections 2013
General elections 2008
See also
PP-157 Lahore-XIV
PP-159 Lahore-XVI
References
External links
Election commission Pakistan's official website
Awazoday.com check result
Official Website of Government of Punjab
Constituencies of Punjab, Pakistan |
Collected Fantasies is a collection of fantasy short stories, written by Avram Davidson and edited by John Silbersack. It was first published in paperback by Berkley Books in June 1982.
Summary
The book collects twelve novelettes and short stories by the author, originally published in various magazines, with an introduction by the editor.
Contents
"Introduction" (John Silbersack)
"Sacheverell"
"Help! I Am Dr. Morris Goldpepper"
"Dragon Skin Drum"
"The Lord of Central Park"
"Or All the Seas with Oysters"
"The Man Who Saw the Elephant"
"Manatee Gal, Won't You Come Out Tonight"
"The Sources of the Nile"
"The Certificate"
"The Golem"
"The Cobblestones of Saratoga Street"
"Faed-Out"
Reception
The collection was reviewed by Debbie Notkin in Locus #259, August 1982, Len Hatfield in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review #7, September 1982, Thomas M. Disch in Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, January-February 1983, and Nigel Richardson in Paperback Inferno v. 7, no. 1, August 1983.
Awards
The collection placed eleventh in the 1983 Locus Poll Award for Best SIngle Author Collection.
Notes
1982 short story collections
Short story collections by Avram Davidson
Fantasy short story collections
Berkley Books books |
Bennett Sings Ellington: Hot & Cool is an album by Tony Bennett, released in 1999 to commemorate the centenary of Duke Ellington's birth.
Track listing
All songs composed by Duke Ellington, except "Chelsea Bridge"; lyricists indicated.
"Do Nothin' Till You Hear from Me" (Bob Russell) – 4:01
"Mood Indigo" (Barney Bigard, Irving Mills) – 4:33
"She's Got It Bad (And That Ain't Good)" (Paul Francis Webster) – 4:49
"Caravan" (Mills, Juan Tizol) – 4:36
"Chelsea Bridge" (Billy Strayhorn) – 3:59
"Azure" (Mills) – 3:56
"I'm Just a Lucky So-and-So" (David) – 3:39
"In a Sentimental Mood" (Manny Kurtz, Mills) – 3:31
"Don't Get Around Much Anymore" (Russell) – 3:16
"Sophisticated Lady" (Mills, Parish) – 4:43
"In a Mellow Tone" (Milt Gabler) – 6:54
"Day Dream" (John La Touche, Billy Strayhorn) – 3:56
"Prelude to a Kiss" (Gordon, Mills) – 4:55
"It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" (Mills) – 4:02
Personnel
Tony Bennett – vocals, producer
Gray Sargent – guitar
Al Grey – trombone
Wynton Marsalis – trumpet
Joel Smirnoff – violin
Ralph Sharon – piano
Paul Langosch – double bass
Clayton Cameron – drums
Unidentified orchestra and big band (except for track 10)
Ralph Burns – arranger, conductor
Jorge Calandrelli - arranger, conductor
Jesse Levy – contractor
Technical personnel
Don DeVito – a&r
Josh Cheuse – art direction
Rob Murphy – assistant engineer, assistant
Jason Groucott – assistant
Frank Harkins – design
Joel Moss – engineer, mixing
Danny Bennett – producer
Vance Anderson – production coordination
Nat Hentoff – liner notes
Greg Calbi – mastering
Herman Leonard – photography
References
1999 albums
Tony Bennett albums
Duke Ellington tribute albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums arranged by Ralph Burns
Albums conducted by Ralph Burns
Albums produced by Phil Ramone
Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album |
Reese Witherspoon is an American actress. She made her acting debut in The Man in the Moon (1991). Her second box office performance was with Kiefer Sutherland in Freeway (1996) in which Witherspoon played a youth troubled by victimization and neglect who has a violent murderous streak, but in the name of protecting vulnerable youth from sexual predation by seemingly perverted men. She then rose to prominence in 1999 with Cruel Intentions and for her portrayal of Tracy Flick in the black comedy Election, which earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination. She achieved fame for her work on romantic comedies with her role as Elle Woods in the comedy Legally Blonde (2001) and its 2003 sequel, as well as her starring role in Sweet Home Alabama (2002). She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of June Carter Cash in the 2005 biographical musical film Walk the Line. She also received an Academy Award nomination for her performance in the 2014 drama Wild.
Witherspoon became a leading actress on the HBO television series Big Little Lies (2017–2019) (winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series as an executive producer), the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show (2019–present), and the Hulu miniseries Little Fires Everywhere (2020).
Launching Hello Sunshine in 2014, Witherspoon has served as producer on several of her films and shows, in addition to the 2014 psychological thriller Gone Girl.
Film
Television
Video games
References
External links
Reese Witherspoon at the Internet Movie Database
Actress filmographies
American filmographies
filmography |
The Reber was a make of American automobile manufactured at Reading, Pennsylvania from 1902 until 1903. It was made by the Reber Manufacturing Company, founded in 1901 by James C. Reber.
Background
James C Reber
Reber was admitted to Reading Boys High School in 1883 at the age of 15. He became Secretary of the Young Men's Society of Christian Endeavour in 1886. He was also Noble Chief of Fraternity Castle No 302 of Reading and in 1891 a Deacon of St Andrews Reformed Church. In 1890 he was the traveling agent for hardware merchants Bard, Reber, and Co, his father's company. He married Mary Uhrich in September 1891 and the couple lived at 1852 Mineral Springs Road. In 1895 Reber was a timer at the Penn Wheelmen bicycle races.
Acme Machine Company (bicycle manufacturers)
In February 1894 Reber's father James T Reber founded the Acme Machine Company with capital of $40,000 and was its President. Reber was appointed as its General Manager. The company was set up in Court Street to make bicycles and cigar-making machinery.
On 1 July 1899 the Reber's resigned their interest in Bard, Reber, and Co (which first became Bard, Schlott, and Co and then in 1902 Bard Hardware Co) to concentrate their effort on Acme. Acme was making bicycles at that time. Later in the month Acme joined, along with 44 other firms, the American Bicycle Company.
Reber Manufacturing Company
On 15 July 1901 Reber announced that he was retiring from the American Bicycle Company and was constructing an automobile manufacturing plant at Wyomissing, east of the Montello brick plant. He had already constructed and tested a prototype which he believed would be popular.
Reber Manufacturing Company made a number of experimental models. One of the earliest is held in the Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Canada. In 1902 James Reber hired engineer James Heaslet from Autocar to help him design a 'French type" automobile. The result was the Reber Type IV Model A tonneau, powered by a vertical-twin engine from 1902 to 1903. This car was the crossover model with Acme. Reber's transmission was said to be used by Henry Ford in his first car.
In June 1903 Reber acquired the old Acme Machine Company's bicycle factory on the corner of Eighth and Elm Streets, Reading for $47,000 at a receivership auction of the American Bicycle Company. Reber stated that he was going to use the factory to manufacture automobiles under the Reber Manufacturing Company name. With the purchase of this site Reber also announced that Reber Manufacturing was changing its name to the Acme Motor Car Company.
in 1903 James Reber hired Victor Jakob from Daimler in Germany to develop a new car that would become the 1904 Type V Acme.
The Reber Manufacturing Company of Pottsville is a later company.
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See also
Acme - successor to the Reber
The Reber Automobile - article by Michael F. Reber
1900 Reber Motor Carriage prototype at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum
References
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Pennsylvania
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1901
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1903
Veteran vehicles
1900s cars
Cars introduced in 1901 |
Zlatko Dragosavljević (; 8 August 1967 – c. 18 June 2022) was a politician, administrator, and mining engineer in Serbia. He served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2013 to 2014 and held high political office at the municipal level in Despotovac. Originally a member of the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS), he was later a leading figure in the breakaway Social Democratic Party (Socijaldemokratska stranka, SDS).
Early life, private career, and academic career
Dragosavljević was born in Požarevac, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Mining and Geology in 1993 and received a master's degree from the same institution in 2002. In 2006, he also graduated from the faculty of service business at the European University in Belgrade. He received a Ph.D. from the faculty of applied ecology "Futura" at Singidunum University in 2011 and worked as a lecturer at the same institution.
From 1993 to 2010, Dragosavljević held a variety of engineering and administrative positions at the Resavica public coal mining company in Despotovac. At the time of his death, he was director of the Grot lead and zinc mine.
Politician and administrator
President of the Despotovac municipal assembly
Dragosavljević became president of the Despotovac municipal assembly in 2004. In June 2006, he led the assembly in voting to impeach the community's mayor, Miroslav Pavković, by a vote of forty-five to two. According to his obituary notice, Dragosavljević continued to serve as assembly president until 2008.
Secretary of State
In 2010, Dragosavljević was appointed as a secretary of state in the Serbian government's ministry of mining and energy. Following a restructuring of Serbia's ministries, he became a secretary of state in the newly formed ministry of environment, mining, and spatial planning in 2011. In this capacity, Dragosavljević oversaw contracts for mining and geological research. His term ended when the DS left government in 2012.
Parliamentarian
Dragosavljević received the seventy-seventh position on the DS's Choice for a Better Life electoral list in the 2012 Serbian parliamentary election. The list won sixty-seven mandates, and he was not initially elected. The Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska napredna stranka, SNS) and the Socialist Party of Serbia (Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS) formed a new coalition government after the election, and the DS moved into opposition. Boris Tadić later stood down as DS leader, and a split occurred in the party, with some elected members leaving to form a new parliamentary group called Together for Serbia (Zajedno za Srbiju, ZZS).
Dragosavljević was awarded a parliamentary mandate on 12 June 2013 as the replacement for Milica Delević, who had resigned to take a position at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. When he entered the assembly a few days later, Dragosavljević joined the ZZS group, citing disagreements with the DS's direction since Tadić's departure.
He was not a candidate in the 2014 parliamentary election. He later joined the SDS under Tadić's leadership.
Local politics after 2012
Dragosavljević appeared in the fourth position on the DS's electoral list for Despotovac in the 2012 Serbian local elections and was re-elected to the assembly when the list won a majority victory with twenty-three out of forty-five seats. The local DS and SDS organizations ran a combined list in the 2016 local elections; Dragosavljević led the list and was again re-elected when it won eleven seats, finishing second to the SNS.
The SDS boycotted the 2020 local elections, and Dragosavljević's term came to an end that year.
Social Democratic Party official
Dragosavljević was chosen as one of the SDS's vice-presidents in February 2022. He appeared in the seventeenth position on the SDS's list in the subsequent 2022 Serbian parliamentary election; the party did not cross the electoral threshold to win representation in the assembly.
Death
Dragosavljević died suddenly in June 2022.
References
1967 births
2022 deaths
People from Požarevac
People from Despotovac
Members of the National Assembly (Serbia)
Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Together for Serbia politicians
Social Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians |
The 2012 Southern Conference baseball tournament took place at Fluor Field at the West End in Greenville, South Carolina, from May 23 through 27. The final game was televised on ESPN3
The tournament used a double-elimination format. Only the top eight teams in the conference standings participated, leaving three , , and out.
Samford went 4–0 to win the tournament, clinching the conference's automatic berth in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament and the school's first ever Regional appearance. 2012 also marks the school's first baseball championship since joining the Southern Conference in 2008.
Seeding
Appalachian State earned the tiebreaker over College of Charleston after winning the regular season series 8–6, 8–2, 3-8
The Citadel earned the tiebreaker over Furman after winning the regular season series 7–0, 3–1, 6-8
Results
As tournament host, game order and times would have been adjusted to allow Furman to play the 5:00 pm game as long as it remained in the winner's bracket.
* denotes extra innings
The first-round game between Georgia Southern and Elon tied the Southern Conference Tournament record for largest margin of victory at 17.
The first round elimination game between Elon and College of Charleston broke the Southern Conference Tournament record with 39 combined hits (21 for Elon, 18 for College of Charleston).
The championship game was a rematch of the 2011 championship game where Georgia Southern defeated Samford 1–0.
All-Tournament Team
References
SoCon Tournament
Southern Conference baseball tournament
Southern Conference Tournament
Southern Conference baseball tournament
Baseball competitions in Greenville, South Carolina
College baseball tournaments in South Carolina |
The idea of public ecology has recently emerged in response to increasing disparities over political, social, and environmental concerns. Of particular interest are the processes that generate, evaluate and apply knowledge in political, social, and environmental arenas. Public ecology offers a way of framing sustainability problems, community dynamics and social issues. Forests, watersheds, parks, flora, fauna, air, and water all constitute environmental quality and are therefore public goods. The processes society engages in to negotiate the meaning of these goods, upon which decisions and actions are based, reside within the public domain.
Dynamics
The boundaries that are ascribed to both social and ecological systems are permeable and dynamic. The creation and maintenance of these boundaries should not be exclusionary. Politicians, economists, and ecologists must work with citizens across cultural, organizational, institutional, political and geographic boundaries. However, which citizens should be involved, and how they should be involved are questions that need to be addressed.
Knowledge bases, roles of experts, and state and local power dynamics are changing in ways that impel us to learn new ways of coexisting. A more public ecology could take many forms and exist in many forums, some of which are currently being explored through theory and practice. Adaptive Management, citizen science (Backstrand 2003), ecological real-world experiments (Gross & Hoffmann-Riem 2005), and Collaborative Ecosystem Governance (Karkkainen 2002) are examples of evolving processes that attempt to deal with the increasing complexity and dynamism of social and ecological systems. Governance of these systems must integrate both biological and social dimensions. Competing value claims will inevitably arise and lead to conflicts that must be addressed through an inclusive, deliberative and adaptive process. An understanding of ecosystems must consider and dignify the values of affected communities and not just rely on claims made by scientific experts.
Main organizing principles
Promotes a blending of natural with the social that goes beyond naturalism and environmental science
Seeks integrative collaborative processes that cross the many disciplinary and cultural boundaries
that separate scientists, policy-makers, and citizens
Explores dimensions, qualities, and aspects of the world that are public and driven by normative
claims
Supports respect for the various value systems that shape political discourse at local, regional, and national scales
Values local decision making that is embedded in the larger context of protecting public goods
Recognizes the need for local knowledge and local action to address local concerns in a more
inclusive and pluralist process
Considers local decision making embedded in a larger context of protecting public goods
(Adapted from David Robertson, Bruce Hull and Timothy Luke)
Many of these principles are shared or have roots in disciplines such as political ecology, sustainable development, urban ecology, conservation biology and restoration ecology. Public Ecology also shares a common interdisciplinary and holistic approach to social-environmental interactions with Human Ecology.
Quotes
“The challenge today is how to develop a truly public ecology with new organizations, institutions, and ideas whose material articulation can balance the insights of scientific experts, the concerns of private property holders, the worries about social inequity, and the need for ecological sustainability to support human and nonhuman life in the 21st century.”
(Luke 2005)
“Public ecology is distinctive in that it explicitly and critically embraces its own normativity and uncertainty while striving to create a more democratic body of knowledge that will help us to understand the environment as a complex and dynamic biocultural system, one that can be interpreted from a variety of perspectives and points of view. Public ecology encourages citizens and all concerned stakeholders to participate with research scientists and professional policy-makers in the interdisciplinary, collaborative efforts necessary to resolve the uncertainty and conflict that surrounds contemporary environmental issues.” (Robertson and Hull 2003)
“Public ecology is a more powerful ecology. It is a body of environmental knowledge that seeks to bridge the gulf between science and policy. Public ecology not only exists at the interface of science and policy but functions as a joint product of these generally disparate realms. The language of public ecology facilitates the flow of ideas and information form one side to the other and back again.” (Robertson and Hull 2001)
References
Backstrand, K. 2003. Civic science for sustainability: Reframing the role of experts, policy-makers and citizens in environmental governance. Global Environmental Politics 3 (4): pp. 24–41.
Gross, Matthias & Hoffmann-Riem, Holger. 2005. Ecological Restoration as a Real-World Experiment: Designing Robust Implementation Strategies in an Urban Environment, Public Understanding of Science 14 (3): 269-284.
Karkkainen, B. C. 2002. Collaborative ecosystem governance: Scale, complexity and dynamism. Virginia Environmental Law Journal (21): 189.
Luke, Timothy. 2005. The death of environmentalism or the advent of public ecology? Organization& Environment (18): 489-494.
Robertson, David P. & Hull, R. Bruce. 2003. Public ecology: an environmental science and policy for global society. Environmental Science & Policy 6(5): 399-410.
Robertson, David P. & Hull, R. Bruce., 2001. Beyond biology: toward a more public ecology. Conservation Biology 15 (4): 970–979.
External links
Public Ecology website
Sustainability
Social economy
Ecology |
Lusaghbyur () is a town in the Spitak Municipality within the Lori Province of Armenia.
Etymology
The village was previously known as Aghbulagh ().
History
During the Turkish–Armenian War in late 1920, The Turkish army massacred 1,186 inhabitants of the village.
Demographics
The population of the village since 1831 is as follows:
References
Populated places in Lori Province |
"Matador de Passarinho" (Portuguese for "Bird Killer") is a song written, composed and performed by the Brazilian musician Rogério Skylab, and originally included on his second studio album, Skylab, from 1999. In an interview Skylab explained that the song is a "perversion" of "Passaredo", a composition by Francis Hime and Chico Buarque.
Before appearing in recorded form, the song obtained fame after one of Skylab's appearances at Jô Soares' late-night talk show Jô Soares Onze e Meia in the mid-1990s, becoming one of the musician's greatest hits. Besides, the song is considered the greatest hit of the history of the Rio de Janeiro underground/independent music scene.
The song eventually gave its name to a talk show hosted by Skylab from 2012 to 2014 at Canal Brasil, in which he interviewed celebrities forgotten by the mainstream media.
In 2016 Skylab and Lívio Tragtenberg wrote a sequel to the song, "Matador de Passarinho 2". It was included on the duo's second collaborative album, Skylab & Tragtenberg, Vol. 2.
References in popular culture
The song is mentioned on page 157 of Wallace Fauth's book amortebeijoparasempre (Editora Baraúna, 2008, ). In the excerpt, the author says: "I turned up the music's volume to the max and began to listen to Rogério Skylab's 'Matador de Passarinho'".
References
1999 songs
Obscenity controversies in music |
Hideo Kachi (可知 日出男) (born December 17, 1953 in Nakano, Tokyo) is a Japanese musician. He is a player of various woodwind instruments, such as the flute, clarinet, saxophone, bassoon, ocarina, recorder (musical instrument), and others. He is also a singer, and has written his own lyrics. He graduated from Waseda University in the first department of literature. His musical origins came from his participation in the band Geinoh Yamashirogumi, followed by his leadership of "Art Ensemble Green." He has participated in fourteen recitals so far.
Career
He apprenticed himself to Tadashi Yamamoto, Masato Tanaka, Milan Turković (bassoon), and Tamami Koyake (jazz flute). He also sought the guidance of Shigeo Maruyama, Eri Oono (jazz vocal), and he also sought out Haruhiko Jō, a member of the theater troupe "za," due to his dramatizations and vocalizations.
Hideo played an active role in the musical activities celebrating the opening of the hall "Nakano ZERO." He was the core management of the musical performances, Beethoven's "Symphony No. 9" "Ward Residents: The Musical," and "Popular & Jazz," among others. Over the span of several years, he directed and supervised the "Tokyo Green Club Orchestra" which was performed by the musical orchestra "Murou Shun Company," of which the Shobi University teacher Shun Murou was the director.
Hideo and the Japanese folk singer (min'yō singer) Tatsuaki Sakakoshi wrote publications on bands and folk songs, as well as ethnic choruses. In recent years, he has supervised the "Shinjuku Minotaur Music festival" and has performed at Madarao JAZZ Festival. At the Kawasaki city Coming of Age Day ceremonies in 2002 and 2004, he performed the Japanese national anthem, "Kimi ga yo."
Hideo helps young singers and expressive people like actors and actresses develop their skills. As a voice and body trainer, he teaches exhaustive breathing, whole-body vocalization, standing with a natural posture, along with breath control, body control, and voice control. Upon meeting young dancers by chance in 2008, he reconsidered his musical performances, and pursued collaborations and blending styles at his concerts. Since January 2010, Hideo has run the "Nakano ZERO Underground Gallery Exhibit." It consists of photographs, paintings, videos, and musical performances. It was made as a place to meet others and collaborate.
External links
ARt Ensemble GReeN
Hideo Kachi's Free-Spirited Musician Blog
Hideo Kachi's Theater
ATelier GReeN Music School
Yurika Suzuki's "A Happy Blog"
1953 births
Living people
Musicians from Tokyo
People from Nakano, Tokyo
Waseda University alumni
Japanese folk musicians
Woodwind musicians
Japanese bassoonists
Japanese pianists
Japanese flautists |
Konstam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Angus Konstam (born 1960), Scottish author and historian
Anna Konstam (1914–1982), British theatre and film actress
Kenneth Konstam (1906–1968), English bridge player
Phyllis Konstam (1907–1976), English film actress |
The Doukhobors or Dukhobors (; ) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin. They are known for their pacifism and tradition of oral history, hymn-singing, and verse. They reject the Russian Orthodox priesthood and associated rituals, believing that personal revelation is more important than the Bible. Facing persecution by the Russian government for their nonorthodox beliefs, many migrated to Canada between 1899 and 1938, where most currently reside.
Doukhobors are often categorized as "folk-Protestants", Spiritual Christians, sectarians, and heretics. Among their core beliefs is the rejection of materialism. They also reject the Russian Orthodox priesthood, the use of icons, and all associated church rituals. Doukhobors believe the Bible alone is not enough to reach divine revelation and that doctrinal conflicts can interfere with their faith. Biblical teachings are evident in some published Doukhobor psalms, hymns, and beliefs. Since arriving in Canada, parts of the Old Testament, but more profoundly the New Testament, were at the core of most Doukhobor beliefs. There continue to be spiritually progressive thinkers who, through introspection and debate, search for divine revelation to improve the faith.
The Doukhobors have a history dating back to at least 1701 (though some scholars suspect the group has earlier origins). Doukhobors traditionally lived in their own villages and practiced communal living. The term "Spirit-Wrestlers" was originally used to disparage the group by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Before 1886, the Doukhobors had a series of leaders. The origin of the Doukhobors is uncertain; they first appear in first written records from 1701.
The Doukhobors traditionally ate bread and borsch. Some of their food-related religious symbols are bread, salt, and water.
History
In the 17th-and-18th-century Russian Empire, the first recorded Doukhobors concluded clergy and formal rituals are unnecessary, believing in God's presence in every human being. They rejected the secular government, the Russian Orthodox priests, icons, all church rituals, and the belief the Bible is a supreme source of divine revelation. The Doukhobors believed in the divinity of Jesus; their practices, emphasis on individual interpretation, and opposition to the government and church provoked antagonism from the government and the established Russian Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1734, the Russian government issued an edict against ikonobortsy (those who reject icons), condemning them as iconoclasts.
The first-known Doukhobor leader was Siluan (Silvan) Kolesnikov (), who was active from 1755 to 1775. Kolesnikov lived in the village Nikolskoye, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, in modern-day south-central Ukraine. Kolesnikov was familiar with the works of Western mystics such as Karl von Eckartshausen and Louis Claude de Saint-Martin.
The early Doukhobors called themselves "God's People" or "Christians." Their modern name, first in the form Doukhobortsy (, dukhobortsy (Spirit wrestlers)) is thought to have been first used in 1785 or 1786 by Ambrosius the Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav or his predecessor Nikifor (Nikephoros Theotokis). The archbishop's intent was to mock the Doukhobors as heretics fighting against the Holy Spirit (, Svyatoy Dukh) but around the beginning of the 19th century, according to SA Inikova, the dissenters adopted the name "Doukhobors" usually in a shorter form Doukhobory (, dukhobory), implying they are fighting alongside rather than against the Holy Spirit. The first known use of the spelling Doukhobor is in a 1799 government edict exiling 90 of the group to Finland; presumably the Vyborg area, which was part of the Russian Empire at the time, for producing anti-war propaganda.
The early Doukhobors were pacifists who rejected military institutions and war and were thus oppressed in Imperial Russia. Both the tsarist state and church authorities were involved in the persecution and deprivation of the dissidents' normal freedoms.
In 1802, Tsar Alexander I encouraged the resettlement of religious minorities to the "Milky Waters" (Molochnye Vody) region around the Molochnaya River around Melitopol in modern-day southern Ukraine. This was motivated by the desire to quickly populate the rich steppe lands on the north shore of the Black and Azov Seas, and to prevent the "heretics" from contaminating the population of the heartland with their ideas. Many Doukhobors, as well as Mennonites from Prussia, accepted the Emperor's offer and travelled to the Molochnaya from other provinces of the Empire over the next 20 years.
Transcaucasian exile
When Nicholas I succeeded Alexander as Tsar, on February 6, 1826, he issued a decree intending to force the assimilation of the Doukhobors through military conscription, prohibiting their meetings, and encouraging conversions to the established church. On October 20, 1830, another decree followed, specifying all able-bodied members of dissenting religious groups engaged in propaganda against the established church should be conscripted and sent to the Russian army in the Caucasus while those not capable of military service, and their women and children, should be resettled in Russia's recently acquired Transcaucasian provinces. With other dissenters, around 5,000 Doukhobors were resettled in Georgia between 1841 and 1845. Akhalkalaki uyezd (district) in the Tiflis Governorate was chosen as the main place of their settlement. Doukhobor villages with Russian names appeared there; Gorelovka, Rodionovka, Yefremovka, Orlovka, Spasskoye (Dubovka), Troitskoye, and Bogdanovka. Later, other groups of Doukhobors were resettled by the government or migrated to Transcaucasia of their own accord. They also settled in neighbouring areas, including the Borchaly uyezd of Tiflis Governorate and the Kedabek uyezd of Elisabethpol Governorate.
In 1844, Doukhobors who were being exiled from their home near Melitopol to the village of Bogdanovka carved the Doukhobor Memorial Stone, which is now held in the collection of the Melitopol Museum of Local History.
After Russia's conquest of Kars and the Treaty of San Stefano of 1878, some Doukhobors from Tiflis and Elisabethpol Governorates moved to the Zarushat and Shuragel uyezds of the newly created Kars Oblast to the north-east of Kars in the modern-day Republic of Turkey. The leader of the main group of Doukhobors, who arrived in Transcaucasia from Ukraine in 1841, was Illarion Kalmykov (). He died in the same year and was succeeded as the community leader by his son Peter Kalmykov (?–1864). After Peter Kalmykov's death in 1864, his widow Lukerya Vasilyevna Gubanova (? – December 15, 1886; (); also known as Kalmykova) took his leadership position.
The Kalmykov dynasty lived in the village of Gorelovka, a Doukhobor community in Georgia. Lukerya was respected by the provincial authorities, who had to cooperate with the Doukhobors. At the time of her death in 1886, there were around 20,000 Doukhobors in Transcaucasia. By that time, the region's Doukhobors had become vegetarian and were aware of Leo Tolstoy's philosophy, which they found quite similar to their own traditional teachings.
Religious revival and crises
The death of Lukerya, who had no children, was followed by a leadership crisis that divided the Dukhobortsy in the Caucasus into two major groups, which disputed their next leader. Lukerya wanted leadership to pass to her assistant Peter Vasilevich Verigin. Although most of the community—"the Large Party" —accepted him as the leader, a minority faction known as "the Small Party" (Малая сторона Malaya Storona) rejected Verigin, and sided with Lukerya's brother Michael Gubanov and the village elder Aleksei Zubkov.
While the Large Party was a majority, the Small Party had the support of the older members of the community and the local authorities. On January 26, 1887, at a community service at which the new leader was to be acclaimed, police arrived and arrested Verigin. He, along with some of his associates, was sent into internal exile in Siberia. Large Party Doukhobors continued to consider Verigin their spiritual leader and to communicate with him, by mail and via delegates who travelled to see him in Obdorsk. An isolated population of exiled Doukhobors, a third "party", was about east in Amur Oblast.
At the same time, the Russian government applied greater pressure to enforce the Doukhobors' compliance with its laws and regulations. The Doukhobors had resisted registering marriages and births, contributing grain to state emergency funds, and swearing oaths of allegiance. In 1887, Russia extended universal military conscription, which applied to the rest of the empire, to the Transcaucasian provinces. While the Small Party cooperated with the state, the Large Party, reacting to the arrest of their leaders and inspired by their letters from exile, felt strengthened in their desire to abide by the righteousness of their faith. Under instructions from Verigin, the Large Party stopped using tobacco and alcohol, divided their property equally among the members of the community, and resolved to adhere to the practice of pacifism and non-violence. They refused to swear the oath of allegiance required in 1894 by the newly ascended Tsar Nicholas II.
Under further instructions from Verigin, about 7,000 of the most zealous Doukhobors—about one-third of all Doukhobors—of the three Governorates of Transcaucasia destroyed their weapons and refused to serve in the military. As the Doukhobors gathered to burn their guns on the night of June 28/29 (July 10/11, Gregorian calendar) 1895, while singing psalms and spiritual songs, government Cossacks arrested and beat them. Shortly after, the government billeted Cossacks in many of the Large Party's villages; around 4,000 Doukhobors were forced to disperse to villages in other parts of Georgia. Many died of starvation and exposure.
Migration to Canada
First emigrants
The resistance of the Doukhobors gained international attention and the Russian Empire was criticized for its treatment of this religious minority. In 1897, the Russian government agreed to let the Doukhobors leave the country, subject to conditions:
emigrants should never return;
emigrants must emigrate at their own expense;
community leaders currently in prison or exile in Siberia must serve the balance of their sentences before they could leave Russia.
Emigrants initially attempted to settle in Cyprus. Cyprus was, at the time, recognized as a possession of the Ottoman Empire, but in the wake of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Ottoman Empire had granted the United Kingdom the right to administer the island in exchange for support in its continuing conflict with the Russian Empire. This fact made the potential settlement of the Russian Doukhobors a politically-sensitive question among some in the British government, but after Quaker supporters both made assurances of the Doukhobors' political inoffensiveness and provided financial guarantees against their potential indigency, officials permitted over 1,000 Doukhobors to establish farming settlements in several locations on the island beginning in the second half of 1898. However, the Cyprus experiment soon proved to be disastrous: beset by disease (made worse by insufficient food that met the Doukhobors' religious requirements) as well as internal disagreements over community organization, nearly ten percent of the colony died by early 1899.
Canada offered more land, transportation, and aid to resettle in the Saskatchewan area. Around 6,000 Doukhobors emigrated there in the first half of 1899, settling on land granted to them by the government in modern-day Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. The Cyprus colony and others joined them, and around 7,500 Russian Doukhobor emigrants—about a third of their number in Russia—arrived in Canada by the end of the year. Several smaller groups joined the main body of emigrants in later years, coming directly from Transcaucasia and other places of exile. Among these latecomers were 110 leaders of the community who had to complete their sentences before being allowed to emigrate. By 1930, about 8,780 Doukhobors had migrated from Russia to Canada.
The Quakers and Tolstoyan movement covered most of the costs of passage for the emigrants; writer Leo Tolstoy arranged for the royalties from his novel Resurrection, his story Father Sergei, and some others to go to the emigration fund. Tolstoy also raised money from wealthy friends; his efforts provided about 30,000 rubles, half of the emigration fund. The anarchist Peter Kropotkin and professor of political economy at the University of Toronto James Mavor also helped the emigrants.
The emigrants adapted to life in agricultural communes; they were mostly of peasant origin and had low regard for advanced education. Many worked as loggers, lumbermen, and carpenters. Eventually, many left the communal dormitories and became private farmers on the Canadian plains. Religious a cappella singing, pacifism, and passive resistance were markers of the sect. One subgroup occasionally demonstrated naked, typically as a protest against compulsory military service. Their policies made them controversial. The modern descendants of the first wave of Doukhobor emigrants continue to live in southeastern British Columbia communities such as Krestova, and in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. , the estimated population of Doukhobor descent in North America was 40,000 in Canada and about 5,000 in the United States.
Canadian prairies
In accordance with the Dominion Lands Act of 1872, for a nominal fee of , the Canadian government would grant of land to any male homesteader who was able to establish a working farm on that land within three years. Single-family homesteads would not fit the Doukhobors' communitarian tradition but a "Hamlet Clause" within the Act had been adopted 15 years earlier to accommodate other communitarian groups such as Mennonites. The clause allowed beneficiaries of the Act to live in a hamlet within from their land rather than on the land itself. This allowed the Doukhobors to establish a communal lifestyle similar to that of the Hutterites. Also, by passing Section 21 of the Dominion Military Act in late 1898, the Canadian Government exempted the Doukhobors from military service.
The land for the Doukhobor immigrants, in total within what was to soon become the Province of Saskatchewan, came in three block settlement areas or "reserves", and an annex:
The North Colony, also known as the "Thunder Hill Colony" or "Swan River Colony" in the Pelly and Arran districts of Saskatchewan became home to 2,400 Doukhobors from Tiflis Governorate, who established 20 villages on of the land grant.
The South Colony, also known as the "Whitesand Colony" or "Yorkton Colony" in the Canora, Veregin and Kamsack districts of Saskatchewan. 3,500 Doukhobors from Tiflis Governorate, Elisabethpol Governorate, and Kars Oblast settled there in 30 villages on of land grant.
The Good Spirit Lake Annex in the Buchanan district of Saskatchewan received 1,000 Doukhobors from Elisabethpol Governorate and Kars Oblast, Russia, and settled there in eight villages on of land grant. The annex was along the Good Spirit River, which flows into Good Spirit Lake (previously known as Devil's Lake).
The Saskatchewan Colony, also known as the "Rosthern Colony", "Prince Albert Colony" and "Duck Lake Colony" was located along North Saskatchewan River in the Langham and Blaine Lake districts of Saskatchewan, north-west of Saskatoon. 1,500 Doukhobors from Kars Oblast settled there in 13 villages on of land grant.
North and South Colonies, and Good Spirit Lake Annex, were located around Yorkton near the modern-day border with Manitoba; the Saskatchewan (Rosthern) Colony was located north-west of Saskatoon, a significant distance from the other three reserves.
In 1899, all four reserves formed part of the Northwest Territories: Saskatchewan (Rosthern) Colony in the territories' provisional District of Saskatchewan. North Reserve straddled the boundary of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia districts, and the other reserves were entirely in Assiniboia. After the establishment of the Province of Saskatchewan in 1905, all reserves were located within that province.
Verigin persuaded his followers to free their animals, and pull their wagons and plows themselves. On the lands granted to them in the prairies, the settlers established Russian-style villages, some of which received Russian names after settlers' home villages in Transcaucasia; for example Spasovka, Large and Small Gorelovka, and Slavianka; while others gained more abstract "spiritual" names not common in Russia, such as Uspeniye (Dormition), Terpeniye (Patience), Bogomdannoye (Given by God), and Osvobozhdeniye (Liberation). The settlers found Saskatchewan winters much harsher than those in Transcaucasia, and expressed disappointment the climate was not as suitable for growing fruits and vegetables. Women greatly outnumbered the men; many women worked on the farms tilling the land while many men took non-farm jobs, especially in railway construction. The earliest arrivals came from three backgrounds, had varying commitments to communal life, and lacked leadership. Verigin arrived in December 1902, was recognized as the leader, and reimposed communalism and self-sufficiency. The railway arrived in 1904 and hopes of isolation from Canadian society ended.
Popular distrust
Canadians, politicians, and the media were deeply suspicious of the Doukhobors. Their communal lifestyle seemed suspicious, their refusal to send children to school was considered deeply troubling, while pacifism caused anger during the First World War. The oppression of the Russian Tsarist regime had entrenched its resulting pacifist beliefs into the Doukhobour tenets and they did not waver with the onset of either World War. Some Canadians who were willing to go to war did not respect a sect of people that were excused from military service. This difference in perspective produced much political prejudice towards the Doukhobours. Tumultuous political posturing and years of polarized social disagreements eventually brought some Doukhobours to the point of protests aimed at maintaining their simple, non-materialistic, and autonomous communal living. The Doukhobor faction known as Sons of Freedom conducted nude marches and carried out night-time arson attacks, which was considered unacceptable and offensive. Canadian magazines showed strong curiosity, giving special attention to women's bodies and clothing. Magazines and newspapers carried stories and photographs of Doukhobor women engaging in hard farm labour, doing "women's work", wearing the traditional ethnic dress, and in partial or total states of undress. Doukhobors received financial help from Quakers. Clifford Sifton, the Minister of the Interior, wanted the Doukhobors in Canada; he arranged financial subsidies to allow them to migrate.
Loss of land rights
Due to the community's aversion to private ownership of land, Verigin had the land registered in the name of the community. By 1906, the Canadian Government's new Minister of the Interior Frank Oliver started requiring the registration of land in the name of individual owners. Many Doukhobors refused to comply, resulting in 1907 in the reverting of more than a third () of Doukhobor lands back to the Crown. The loss of legal title to their land became a major grievance.
Schism
Ten years after the Russian conscription crisis, another political issue arose because the Doukhobors would have to become naturalized British citizens and swear an Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown—something that had always been against their principles.
The issue resulted in a three-way split of the Doukhobor community in Canada:
The edinolichniki (Independents), who in 1907 comprised 10% of the Canadian Doukhobors, maintained their religion but abandoned communal ownership of land and rejected hereditary leadership and communal living as non-essential to it.
The obshchine (Communal, or Community) were largest group, sometimes called "orthodox Doukhobors" (not to be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church), led by their spiritual leader Peter V. Verigin. They formed the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood (CCUB), which reformed in 1939 as the Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ (USCC).
The svobodniki (free, sovereign people) in 1902 tried to return to Russia, refused to obey laws, and attacked law-abiding Doukhobors. They became the famous dissident "Sons of Freedom", also called "Freedomites" by the media. They embraced Verigin's writings in such a zealous manner that he banned them. The media and government mistakenly confused them with all Doukhobors when reporting their sensational protests.
Of these groupings, the Independents integrated the most readily into Canadian capitalist society. They had no problem registering their land groups and largely remained in Saskatchewan. In 1939, they definitively rejected the authority of Peter Verigin's great-grandson John J. Verigin, Sr.
British Columbia and Verigin's assassination
In 1908, to remove his followers from the corrupting influence of non-Doukhobors and edinolichniki (individual owners) Doukhobors, and to find better conditions for agriculture, Verigin bought large tracts of land in south-eastern British Columbia. His first purchase was around Grand Forks near the US border. He later acquired large tracts of land further east in the Slocan Valley around Castlegar. Between 1908 and 1912, about 8,000 people moved from Saskatchewan to these British Columbia lands to continue their communal way of living. In the milder climate of British Columbia, the settlers were able to plant fruit trees and within a few years became renowned orchardists and producers of fruit preserves. As the Community Doukhobors left Saskatchewan, the reserves there were closed by 1918.
On October 29, 1924, Peter V. Verigin was killed in a bomb explosion on a scheduled passenger train en route to British Columbia. The government had initially stated the bombing was perpetrated by people within the Doukhobor community, although no arrests were made because of the Doukhobors' customary refusal to cooperate with Canadian authorities due to fear of intersect violence. It is still unknown who was responsible for the bombing. While the Doukhobors were initially welcomed by the Canadian government, this assassination, as well as Doukhobors' beliefs regarding communal living, their intolerance for schooling, and other beliefs considered offensive or unacceptable, created a decades-long mistrust between government authorities and Doukhobors.
Peter V. Verigin's son Peter P. Verigin, who arrived from the Soviet Union in 1928, succeeded his father as leader of the Community Doukhobors. He became known as Peter the Purger and worked to smooth relations between the Community Doukhobors and wider Canadian society. The governments in Ottawa and the western provinces concluded he was the closet leader of the Sons of Freedom and was perhaps a dangerous Bolshevik. The governments decided to deport him, use the justice system to impose conformity to Canadian values on the Doukhobors, and force them to abide by Canadian law and repudiate unacceptable practices. With a legal defence managed by Peter Makaroff, the deportation effort failed in 1933. The Sons of Freedom repudiated Verigin's policies as ungodly and assimilationist, and escalated their protests. The Sons of Freedom burnt Community Doukhobors' property and organized more nude parades. In 1932, the Parliament of Canada responded by criminalizing public nudity. Over 300 radical Doukhobor men and women were arrested for this offence, which typically carried a three-year prison sentence.
Doukhobors could not vote in British Columbia until 1952. They were the last ethnic or religious community to be granted suffrage in the province.
Nudism and arson
The Sons of Freedom used nudism and arson as visible methods of protest. They protested against materialism, the land seizure by the government, compulsory education in government schools, and Verigin's assassination. This led to many confrontations with the Canadian government and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which continued into the 1970s. Nudism was first used after the Doukhobors' arrival in Canada. They used violence to fight modernity, and destroyed threshing machines and other signs of modernity. The group conducted night-time arson attacks on schools built by the Doukhobor commune and Verigin's house.
During 1947 and 1948, Sullivan's Royal Commission investigated acts of arson and bombing attacks in British Columbia and recommended several measures intended to integrate the Doukhobors into Canadian society, notably through the education of their children in public schools. Around that time, the provincial government entered into direct negotiations with the Freedomite leadership. W. A. C. Bennett's Social Credit government, which came to power in 1952, took a harder stance against the "Doukhobor problem." In 1953, 174 children of the Sons of Freedom were forcibly interned by government agents in a residential school in New Denver, British Columbia. Abuse of the interned children was later alleged.
In less than fifty years, the Sons of Freedom committed 1,112 separate acts of violence and arson, costing over $20 million in damages; these acts include bombing and arson attacks on public schools, bombings of Canadian railway bridges and tracks, the bombing of a courthouse at Nelson, and the destruction of a power transmission tower servicing East Kootenay district, resulting in the loss of 1,200 jobs. Many of the independent and community Doukhobors believed the Sons of Freedom's arson and bombings violated the Doukhobor central principle of nonviolence, and that they did not deserve to be called Doukhobors.
Doukhobors remaining in Russia
After the departure of the more zealous and uncompromising Doukhobors, and many community leaders, to Canada at the close of the Elisabethpol Governorate in the Caucasus Viceroyalty (now Azerbaijan), the former Doukhobor villages became mostly repopulated by Baptists. Elsewhere, some Doukhobors joined nearby Spiritual Christian groups.
Those who remained Doukhobors were required to submit to the state. Few protested against military service; of 837 Russian court-martial cases against conscientious objectors recorded between the beginning of World War I and April 1, 1917, 16 had Doukhobor defendants, none of whom hailed from the Transcaucasian provinces. Between 1921 and 1923, Verigin's son Peter P. Verigin arranged the resettlement of 4,000 Doukhobors from the Ninotsminda (Bogdanovka) district in south Georgia to Rostov Oblast in southern Russia, and another 500 into Zaporizhzhia Oblast in Ukraine.
The Soviet reforms greatly affected the lives of the Doukhobors, both in their old villages in Georgia and in the new settlement areas in southern Russian and Ukraine. State anti-religious campaigns resulted in the suppression of Doukhobor religious tradition, and the loss of books and archival records. Many religious leaders were arrested or exiled; for example, 18 people were exiled from Gorelovka in 1930. Communists' imposition of collective farming did not contradict the Doukhobor way of life. Industrious Doukhobors made their collective farms prosperous, often specializing in cheesemaking.
Of the Doukhobor communities in the Soviet Union, those in South Georgia were the most sheltered from outside influence because of their geographic isolation in mountainous terrain, their location near the international border, and concomitant travel restrictions for outsiders.
Hymnody
Doukhobor oral holy hymns, which they call the "Book of Life" (Russian: Zhivotnaya kniga), de facto replaced the written Bible. Their teaching is founded on this tradition. The Book of Life of the Doukhobors (1909) is the first printed hymnal containing songs in the Southern Russian dialect, which were composed to be sung aloud. Their prayer meetings and gatherings are dominated by the singing of a cappella psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs.
Population
Current population
In 2001, an estimated 20,000–40,000 people of Doukhobor heritage lived in Canada, 3,800 of whom claimed "Doukhobor" as their religious affiliation. An estimated 30,000 people of Doukhobor heritage live in Russia and neighbouring countries. In 2011, there were 2,290 persons in Canada who identified their religious affiliation as "Doukhobor"; in Russia there were 50 such persons by the mid-2000s.
Canada
CCUB, the Orthodox Doukhobors organization or Community Doukhobors, was succeeded by the Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ formed by Peter P. Verigin, Peter V. Verigin's son, in 1938. The largest and most active formal Doukhobor organization, it is headquartered in Grand Forks, British Columbia.
During the Canada 2011 Census, 2,290 persons in Canada—of whom 1,860 in British Columbia, 200 in Alberta, 185 in Saskatchewan, and 25 in Ontario—identified their religious affiliation as "Doukhobor". The proportion of older people among these self-identified Doukhobors is higher than among the general population.
Twenty-eight percent of the self-identified Doukhobors in 2001 were over 65 (born before 1936), as compared to 12% of the entire population of Canadian respondents. The aging of the denomination is accompanied by its shrinkage, starting in the 1960s:
The number of Canadians with Doukhobor heritage is much higher than the number of those who consider themselves members of this religion. In 2012, Doukhobor researchers estimated there were "over 20,000" people "from [Doukhobor] stock" in Canada and over 40,000 Doukhobors by "a wider definition of religion, ethnicity, way of life, and social movement".
Canadian Doukhobors no longer live communally. Doukhobors do not practice baptism. They reject several items considered orthodox among Christian churches, including church organization and liturgy, the inspiration of the scriptures, the literal interpretation of resurrection, the literal interpretation of the Trinity, and heaven and hell. Some avoid the use of alcohol, tobacco, and animal products for food, and eschew involvement in partisan politics. Doukhobors believe in the goodness of man and reject the idea of original sin.
Georgia and Russia
Since the late 1980s, many of the Doukhobors of Georgia started emigrating to Russia. Various groups moved to Tula Oblast, Rostov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, and elsewhere. After the 1991 independence of Georgia, many villages with Russian names received Georgian names; Bogdanovka became Ninotsminda, Troitskoe became Sameba. According to various estimates, in Ninotsminda District, the Doukhobor population fell from around 4,000 in 1979 to between 3,000 and 3,500 in 1989, and around 700 in 2006. In Dmanisi district, it fell from around 700 Doukhobors in 1979 to no more than 50 by the mid-2000s. Most of those who remain in Georgia are older people; the younger generation found it easier to relocate to Russia. The Doukhobor community of Gorelovka in Ninotsminda District, the former "capital" of the Kalmykov family, is thought to be the best-preserved in all former Soviet Union countries.
Ecumenical relations
The Doukhobors have maintained a close association with Mennonites and Quakers due to similar religious practices; all of these groups are collectively considered to be peace churches due to their belief in pacifism.
Historical sites and museums
In 1995, the Doukhobor Suspension Bridge spanning the Kootenay River was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. The site of Community Doukhobors' headquarters in Veregin, Saskatchewan, was designated a National Historic Site in 2006, under the name "Doukhobors at Veregin".
A Doukhobor museum, currently known as "Doukhobor Discovery Centre" (formerly, "Doukhobor Village Museum") operates in Castlegar, British Columbia. It contains over 1,000 artifacts representing the arts, crafts, and daily lives of the Doukhobors of the Kootenays in 1908–38.
Although most of the early Doukhobor village structures in British Columbia have vanished or been significantly remodelled by later users, a part of Makortoff Village outside Grand Forks, British Columbia has been preserved as a museum by Peter Gritchen, who purchased the property in 1971 and opened it as Mountain View Doukhobor Museum on June 16, 1972. The site's future became uncertain after his death in 2000 but in March 2004, in cooperation with local organizations and concerned citizens, The Land Conservancy of British Columbia purchased the historical site known as Hardy Mountain Doukhobor Village while Boundary Museum Society acquired the museum collection and loaned it to TLC for display.
The Canadian Museum of Civilization in Ottawa has a collection of Doukhobor-related items. A special exhibition there was run in 1998–99 to mark the centennial anniversary of the Doukhobor arrival in Canada.
Linguistic history and dialect
The Doukhobors took with them to Canada a Southern Russian dialect, which in the following decades changed under the influence of Canadian English and the speech of the Ukrainian settlers in Saskatchewan. Over several generations, this dialect has been mostly lost because the modern descendants of the original Doukhobor migrants to Canada are typically native English speakers; when they speak Russian, it is typically a fairly standard variety.
Linguistic history
In 1802, the Doukhobors and other spiritual Christian tribes were encouraged to migrate to the Molochna River region around Melitopol near Ukraine's Sea of Azov coast, within the Pale of Settlement neighbouring settlements of anabaptists from Germany. Over the next 10 or 20 years, the Doukhobors and others, mostly speaking a variety of Southern Russian dialects, arrived at the Molochna from several provinces, most of which are located in modern-day eastern Ukraine and south-central Russia. In the settlers' villages, an opportunity for the formation of a dialect koiné based on Southern Russian and Eastern Ukrainian dialects arose.
Starting in 1841, the Doukhobors and others were resettled from southern Ukraine to Transcaucasia, where they founded several villages surrounded by mostly non-Russian speaking neighbours—primarily Azerbaijanis in Elisabethpol Governorate, Armenians in Tiflis Governorate, and likely a mix of both in the later post-1878 settlements in Kars Oblast. These conditions allowed the dialect to develop in comparative isolation from mainstream Russian.
With the migration of 7,500 Doukhbors from Transcaucasia to Saskatchewan in 1899, and some smaller latecomer groups from both Transcaucasia and from places of exile in Siberia and elsewhere, the dialect spoken in the Doukhobor villages of Transcaucasia was taken to the plains of Canada. From that point, it experienced influence from Canadian English and, during the years of Doukhobor stay in Saskatchewan, the speech of their Ukrainian neighbours.
A split in the Doukhobor community resulted in a large number of Doukhobors moving from Saskatchewan to south-eastern British Columbia around 1910. Those who moved, the so-called Community Doukhobors—followers of Peter Verigin's Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood—continued living communally for several decades, and had a better chance to preserve their Russian language than the Independent Doukhobors, who stayed in Saskatchewan as individual farmers.
By the 1970s, as most Russian-born members of the community died, English became the first language of the great majority of Canadian Doukhobors. Their English speech is not noticeably different from that of other English-speaking Canadians of their provinces. Russian still remains in use, at least for religious purposes, among those who practice the Doukhobor religion.
Features of the Doukhobor Russian dialect in Canada
Research into the Russian spoken by Canada's Doukhobors has not been extensive but several articles, mostly published in the 1960s and 1970s, noted a variety of features in Doukhobors' Russian speech that were characteristic of Southern, and in some cases Central Russian dialects; for example, use of the Southern [h] where Standard Russian has [g].
Features characteristic of many locales in the East Slavic language space were noted, reflecting the heterogeneous origin of the Doukhobors' settlements in Molochna River after 1800; for example, like Belarusians, Doukhobor speakers do not palatalize [r] in "редко" (redko, 'seldom'). Remarkable was the dropping of the final -t in the third-person singular form of verbs, which can be considered a Ukrainian feature and is also attested in some Russian dialects spoken in Southern Ukraine (e.g., Nikolaev near the Doukhobors' former homeland on the Molochna. As with other immigrant groups, the Russian speech of the Doukhobors uses English loanwords for some concepts they had not encountered until moving to Canada.
In popular culture
A 1962 Eric Frank Russell science-fiction novel, The Great Explosion, adapted and expanded from his 1951 novella "...And Then There Were None", mentions the Doukhobors as a group of interstellar settlers on the planet Hygeia who had been marginalized by later naturist settlers.
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A Robert A. Heinlein short story, The Year of the Jackpot, briefly mentions the Doukhobors as a group in Canada that practised nudity.
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Drama
Doukhobors (1970). Collective creation at Theatre Passe Muraille.
Non-fiction
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Music
(originally The Doukhobor Do) is about the Doukhobor nude protests. The song was recorded by Pete Seeger.
In the bonus track "Ferdinand the Imposter" on the 2000 re-issue of Music from Big Pink by the Canadian roots-rock group The Band, the title character "claimed he was a Doukhobor" after being arrested. The implication in the lyrics is that Ferdinand may have been apprehended for some public display of nudity in Baltimore, Maryland. He attempted to escape punishment by stating he came from the Doukhobors of Canada. Unfortunately for Ferdinand, the American officers were unfamiliar with the group and were unmoved by Ferdinand's plea.
Television
. Two parts: The Living Book and Toil and Peaceful Life.
Notes
References
Bibliography
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about the Freedomite Doukhobors.
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Holt, Simma. Terror in the Name of God The Story of the Sons of Freedom Doukhobors (McClelland and Stewart, 1964)
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Tarasoff, Koozma J. "Doukbhobors" in Paul Robert Magocsi, ed., Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples (1999) pp 422–34
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Makarova V. (2012). The use of Russian in contemporary Doukhobor prayer service. In: International scientific research Internet conference "Current issues in philology and methods of teaching foreign languages", February 1–29, 2012, Novosibirsk, Russia. Международнaя научно-практическая Интернет-конференция «Актуальные проблемы филологии и методики преподавания иностранных языков», 1 февраля - 29 февраля 2012 года; http://ffl.nspu.net/?p=144
Makarova V. A., Usenkova, E.V., Evdokimova, V.V. Evgrafova, K. V. (2011). The Language of Saskatchewan Doukhobors: Introduction to analysis. Izvestija Vysshix uchebnyx zavedenij [The News of Higher Schools]. Serija Gumanitarnyje nauki [Humanities]. Razdel Lingvistika [Linguistics section]. Vol 2 (2), pp. 146–151. http://www.isuct.ru/e-publ/gum/ru/2011/t02n02/philology-and-linguistics
Schaarschmidt Gunter (University of Victoria, Canada) Four norms – one culture: Doukhobor Russian in Canada
Schaarschmidt, G. (2012). Russian language history in Canada. Doukhobor internal and external migrations: effects on language development and structure. In: V. Makarova (Ed), Russian Language Studies in North America: the New Perspectives from Theoretical and Applied Linguistics . London/New York: Anthem Press. pp. 235–260. www.anthempress.com
Further reading
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Cran, Gregory J. Negotiating Buck Naked: Doukhobors, Public Policy, and Conflict Resolution (UBC Press, 2006) 180 pp. deals only with the Sons of Freedom.
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Kalmakoff, Jonathan. "The Hyas Doukhobour Settlement", Saskatchewan History (2007) 59#2 pp 27–34. covers 1902 to 1907.
Livanov, Feodor Vasilyevich, Early Dukhabors , English translation by Daniel H. Shubin, 2021.
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Morrell, Kathy. "The Life of Peter P. Verigin." Saskatchewan History (2009) 61#1 pp 26–32. covers 1928 to 1939.
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Rozinkin, W. M. The Doukhobor Saga. [Nelson, B.C.: News Publishing Co.], 1974.
Schaarschmidt, G. 2012. Russian language history in Canada. Doukhobor internal and external migrations: effects on language development and structure. In: V. Makarova (Ed), Russian Language Studies in North America: the New Perspectives from Theoretical and Applied Linguistics. London/New York: Anthem Press.pp 235–260. www.anthempress.com
Sorokin, Stephan Sebastian, and Steve Lapshinoff. Doukhobor Problem. Crescent Valley, B.C.: Steve Lapshinoff, 1990.
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Tracie, Carl. Toil and Peaceful Life: Doukhobor Village Settlement in Saskatchewan, 1899–1918. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina, 1996.
Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ. Hospitality: Vegetarian Cooking the Doukhobor Way. Grand Forks, B.C.: USCC Centennial Cookbook Committee, 2003.
Woodsworth, John. Russian Roots and Canadian Wings: Russian Archival Documents on the Doukhobor Emigration to Canada. Canada/Russia series, v. 1. [Manotick, Ont.]: Penumbra Press, 1999.
External links
Union of Spiritual Communities of Christ (USCC) — Doukhobors
Doukhobor Heritage - the oldest, largest and most comprehensive website about Doukhobors.
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"Explosion on the Kettle Valley Line: The Death of Peter Verigin", Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History
, Castlegar, British Columbia.
, prolific and well-known Doukhobor poet and hymnist..
Nudity in religion
Anarchist movements
Christian anarchism
Ethnoreligious groups
Kootenays
Boundary Country
Eastern Christianity in Canada
Christian vegetarianism
Christian radicalism
Religion in the Pacific Northwest
Russian sub-ethnic groups
Utopian communities |
Una Padel OBE (21 July 1956 – 29 August 2006) was a British criminal-justice reformer, known for her work in penal reform. She was the director of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (CCJS) from 1999 until her death in 2006, after which the centre established the Una Padel Award.
Life and career
Born in Hampstead, London, to Sigrid and William H. Padel, Una grew up in Wembley and was educated at Preston Manor High School and at the universities of Durham, York, and Newcastle, where she took a degree in psychology and diplomas in social administration and social work. She joined the Northumbria Probation Service in 1980, became deputy director to Stephen Shaw at the Prison Reform Trust in 1985, and was made assistant director of the Standing Conference on Drug Abuse (now merged with the Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence to form DrugScope) in 1989. She also did work in providing HIV education in prisons. In 1988 she co-authored the book Insiders: women’s experience in prisons with Prue Stevenson
In 1993 she started a project called the London Prisons Community Links (LPCL) whose aim was to set up visitor centres at all of London's prisons, and by 1998 she had achieved her goal. After this she founded CLINKS, an organisation whose goal was to encourage voluntary organisations to offer services in prison. In 2000 she was a member of the Laming committee which looked at penal reform. She was appointed OBE in 2003. In the same year she became chair of the Penal Affairs Consortium, a group that coordinates organisations involved in the penal system.
From 1999 until her death from cancer in 2006, Padel was the director of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (CCJS), or the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency as it was then called when she joined. During her career she was involved in numerous advocacy groups and committees.
Padel left behind a daughter, Morag, her parents, and two sisters. An obituary in The Guardian noted her "profound sense of social justice" which "stemmed from an incisive understanding of and empathy with the underdog. She kept a bright, well-organised light burning for decency and justice during a period when an increasingly party political mood of penal populism threatened to sweep away hard fought for principles and structures." Tony Pearson of the centre also paid tribute to her and used an anecdote to illustrate her qualities: "Who will forget her obvious delight only a few months ago when she appeared in court and successfully helped the driver who was ferrying her to and from the office as her health deteriorated in getting permission to start training as a black cab driver, despite his previous minor convictions."
After her death the CCJS established the annual Una Padel Award in her memory to recognise organisations and individuals in penal reform. The first in 2007 was awarded to Prison Chat UK and to Gillian Margaret Butler, the chair of Yarl's Wood Befrienders.
After reforms in 2001 that threatened to restrict jury trials to only serious offences, Padel said "It seems unfair that the best quality justice is reserved for the most serious offences. Relatively minor offences can have a devastating impact on someone's life—by losing them their job, for example." She said that British criminals liked Spain because the two countries did not have an extradition treaty, and that "When a lot of criminals gather there, it becomes a community and the criminal feels like he is among 'his own'."
When her daughter was robbed at the age of 13, she said she did not want the perpetrators to be jailed—which was "true to her principles" according to Charles Murray. She explained: "I want them to stop robbing people, that’s the bottom line ... In an ideal world I would like them to be made aware of the impact they’ve actually had on my
daughter and, ideally, apologise." She supported allowing prisoners to vote and was involved in the Barred From Voting campaign by UNLOCK, The National Association of Reformed Offenders.
References
Sources
. Centre for Crime and Justice Studies. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
Murray, Charles (June 2005). . Civitas. For the webpage at Civitas see "Why Punishment Is No Crime". Civitas. 27 June 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2010. Archived by WebCite on 30 October 2010.
1956 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of Collingwood College, Durham
Alumni of the University of York
Alumni of Newcastle University
British criminologists
British women criminologists
Criminal justice |
```objective-c
/*
This file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with the this software. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
#ifndef SOUND_VIEW_H
#define SOUND_VIEW_H
#include <windows.h>
BOOL SoundView_Init();
void SoundView_DeInit();
BOOL SoundView_DlgOpen(HWND hParentWnd);
void SoundView_DlgClose();
BOOL SoundView_IsOpened();
HWND SoundView_GetHWnd();
void SoundView_Refresh(bool forceRedraw = false);
INT_PTR CALLBACK SoundView_DlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
#endif
``` |
The malinda apple is a cultivar of domesticated apple, originating in New England., most likely Vermont.
The Malinda's importance in other apples
Malinda genes, whether as a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent, led to all of
Chestnut Crab,
Folwell,
Haralson,
Beacon,
Honeygold,
Honeycrisp,
Keepsake
Minnehaha,
MN 1606, and
Sweet Sixteen
The flavor of the Malinda Apple
The flavor of a Malinda is akin to the taste of pears.
References
Apple cultivars |
Fiona Mackenzie may refer to:
Fiona J. Mackenzie, Scottish Gaelic singer, from Dingwall, Scotland
Fiona Mackenzie, singer-songwriter from the Isle of Lewis, Scotland, former member of Seelyhoo
Fiona McKenzie, tennis player, see 1967 Federation Cup (tennis) |
Henry Jeffery Atkins (3 September 1919 – 19 March 2001) was a British magician. He is cited as a major force in the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM) British Ring, for which he was honorary secretary and convention organizer for many years. He also served a term as international president of the IBM. As a performer he specialized in revivals or re-creations of antique magic. He made a number of appearances on national television in the United Kingdom. On one occasion he staged a revival of the Radium Girl illusion for the Paul Daniels Magic Show. He is commemorated through the 'Jeffery Atkins memorial lecture' held at the annual convention of the British Ring of the IBM.
Spelling
There is occasionally confusion over the spelling of Atkins' name. His obituary at the Magic Times website used the spelling Jeffery and it has been stated on the Genii magazine forum that this was the correct spelling of his name, not Jeffrey.
References
Further reading
Atkins, Jeffery, Magic Medley: The Jeffery Atkins Lecture, (New Orleans, 1971).
Cover story in Genii Magazine, vol.42 No.8, (Aug 1978)
External links
A brief obituary from The Magic Times.
1919 births
2001 deaths
British male magicians |
Dr. Ifereimi Waqainabete is a Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji who served as Minister for Health and Medical Services in the FijiFirst government from 2018 to 2022. Before entering politics Dr Waqainabete was a general surgeon in Fiji and Associate Professor of General Surgery at Fiji National University, former President of the Fiji Medical Association, President of the Pacific Island Surgeons Association, and former Chairman of Fiji Medicinal Board. He was on leave from his academic and surgical duties to partake in the 2018 elections as a candidate for the Fiji First Party.
Early life
Dr Waqainabete is from Moala, Lau in Fiji. His father was a PWD engineer and therefore his family moved a lot in his early school days. He attended primary schools at Draiba Fijian, New Farm State School in Brisbane, Australia and at Delainamasi Government school. He completed high school education from Lelean Memorial, Natabua High School, Labasa College and Nasinu Secondary.
Medical career
Ifereimi Waqainabete studied at the Fiji School of Medicine, now under Fiji National University, graduating with MBBS in 1996. He was the President of Fiji School of Medicine Student's Association. During this time, he helped successfully petition for the Autonomy of Fiji School of Medicine from the Ministry of Health. This resulted in the significant growth of the then Fiji School of Medicine and its ability to petition separately for donor support.
He joined the surgical training program in Fiji and graduated with a Master of Medicine in Surgery from the Fiji School of Medicine in 2003.
Career in New Zealand
After being awarded the Rowan Nicks scholar award in 2003, Dr Waqainabete moved with his family to New Zealand and worked in the position of senior registrar in General surgery at the Palmerston North hospital to gain further experience in surgery.
He moved back to Fiji to work for few years, then later returned to Christchurch, New Zealand as an Upper GI and Hepatobiliary fellow at Christchurch hospital in 2012. The following year he worked as Breast and Endocrine fellow at Christchurch hospital in 2013.
Return from New Zealand
On return to Fiji from his first set of rotations to New Zealand, Dr Waqainabete practiced as a general surgeon at CWM Hospital. During this time he was appointed as the Medical Superintendent to CWM Hospital, a role that he served from 2009-2011. He left this role in 2012 to take up further surgical fellowships in New Zealand.
The years working concurrently as the sole Ministry of Health General surgeon and as Medical Superintendent was a busy period for Dr Waqainabete as he also supervised a large cohort of trainee surgeons from Fiji and the Pacific.
During this time, he was notoriously famous amongst his trainees for his 3am or 4am ward rounds. This would begin from the Acute Surgical ward at CWM rounding through ICU, new surgical wing and Namosi ward. He would then take a tutorial for the trainee surgeons at 7am or on non-tutorial days, take his trainees out for a coffee, completing all this before 8am and then be seated back in his medical superintendent office by 8. His senior trainee surgeons would be able to call him back out of office for surgical emergencies if needed and similarly at night.
2014-current: appointment to FNU and academia
On his return to Fiji for the second time from New Zealand, Dr Waqainabete commenced work back in CWM hospital as a consultant surgeon. Soon after he joined the Fiji National University College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences department of Surgery as Associate Professor in Surgery. It is usual for an FNU appointed surgeon to provide surgical services to the hospital as part of the agreement between FNU and Ministry of Health. He is the current the Head of Department of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Women's Health in FNU.
Fiji Medical Association
Dr Waqainabete is the current President of the Fiji Medical Association and has been re-elected several times in the past.
In 2000, as the FMA president, the FMA executives petitioned for success increase in on-call allowances. It was common for doctors to work 24 hours straight on call and continue to work the next day with an allowance of only $10 on top of their basic salary.
in 2016, as the President of the FMA, Dr Waqainabete together with the FMA executives petitioned for and successfully persuaded the Fiji First Government to increase salary for all doctors in Fiji by 50-100%. This was passed in the 2016 budget and implemented immediately. Prior to this doctors in Fiji were underpaid and frequently worked many hours over the 76 hours per fortnight without compensation. Fiji constantly suffered from an exodus of highly trained medical professional leaving to work in New Zealand and Australia, citing remuneration as one of the major factors.
Having experienced the better work conditions of doctors in New Zealand, he is an advocate on safety, well being and preventing burnout of doctors in Fiji.
Pacific Island Surgeons Association (PISA)
In 2018, at the combined GSA/PISA meeting, the Pacific Islands Surgeon Association held its Annual General Meeting (AGM) and elected the board of executives. Dr Waqainabete was elected as the President of the Pacific Island Surgeons Association, taking over from Lord Viliame Tangi, Chief General Surgeon of Tonga.
At the AGM, surgeons from East Timor and Papua New Guinea also expressed interest in joining PISA which was welcomed by current members.
Relations with the Australasian College of Surgeons
In his current academic and surgical capacity, Dr Waqainabete maintains close relations with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons a non-profit body that maintains surgical training standards in Australia and New Zealand as well and supports global health initiatives.
The continuing relations led to a historic combined General Surgeons Association Australia meeting with the Pacific Island Surgeons Association in Denarau, Fiji 2018 and was attended by over 340 surgeons and trainee surgeons from Australasia and the Pacific.
Rowan Nicks Scholar
In 2003 Dr Waqainabete was awarded the Rowan Nicks Pacific Island Scholar award by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
Women in surgery
Dr Waqainabete supports training of Fijian and Pacific women in surgery. During his tenure at CWM as General surgeon and Medical Superintednant, he supported the first three cohort of women in surgery get selected into the Masters of Surgery training program and they have gone to successfully complete the training program to becoming Fiji first group of female surgeons to complete the training program. All three females successfully completed general surgery training and are now branching out into surgical subspecialties in Peadiatric Surgery (Dr Annette Chang), Plastic surgery (Dr Rachna Ram) and ENT (Dr Fane Lord). Since then, more women have joined the surgical training program in Fiji, leading to the first combined sub-meeting of Pacific Women in Surgery and Royal Australasian College of Surgeon's women in surgery delegates at the GSA//PISA meeting in Denarau, Fiji 2018.
Public health campaigns
Working as a general surgeon in Fiji, Dr Waqainabete some of the surgical load of complications related to non-communicable lifestyle disease especially Diabetes. After performing unprecedented number of lower limb amputations due to Diabetic Foot sepsis, he is frequently in the media to raise awareness on this issue. Similarly, running the breast cancer clinic in CWM hospital, he saw that the breast cancer related morbidity and mortality is high amongst women in Fiji due to delayed diagnosis and late presentations. He is supports raising awareness on Breast cancer and Pinktober Campaign.
Political career
In 2018, Dr Ifereimi Waqainabete joined the Fiji First party as a one its candidates for the 2018 general elections in Fiji. Though not on social media himself, his supporters developed a page on Facebook in support with the page generating more than 2000 followers within 10 days.
He resigned from Parliament on 10 March 2023. He was replaced as an MP by Veena Bhatnagar.
Personal life
Hailing from Moala, Lau, Dr Waqainabete practices surgery in Suva. He is married to Dr Miriama Waqainabete who also went to the Fiji School of Medicine and they have 4 children together.
Research
Management of malignant pleural effusions by talc pleurodesis
Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy: case report and review of literature.
References
External links
FijiFirst
1973 births
Living people
I-Taukei Fijian members of the Parliament of Fiji
FijiFirst politicians
Fijian civil servants
Fijian surgeons
Fiji National University alumni
Academic staff of the Fiji National University
People educated at Lelean Memorial School
People from Moala Island
Politicians from Lau Province
Politicians from Moala Island |
Vincent Berger (born 1 February 1967) is a French sailor. He competed in the Flying Dutchman event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
French male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for France
Sailors at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Flying Dutchman
Sportspeople from Metz
20th-century French people |
Su Donglin (; born March 1960) is a Chinese engineer specializing in electromagnetic compatibility. She is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Beihang University. She has been hailed as "female electromagnetic detective".
Biography
Su was born in Laiwu District of Jinan, Shandong, in March 1960. She studied and then taught at Beihang University. She was a visiting scholar at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Honours and awards
2018 State Technological Invention Award (First Class)
May 7, 2019 National Labor Medal
November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
References
External links
Su Donglin on Beihang University
1960 births
Living people
People from Jinan
Engineers from Shandong
Beihang University alumni
Academic staff of Beihang University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Educators from Shandong |
NRJ Music Awards 2010 is a 2009 compilation album by NRJ.
Every year the French music station publishes a compilation of the best songs of the year. This album contains 42 French and international songs that have enjoyed some success in France in 2009. Artists nominated for the ceremony of the NRJ Music Awards 2010 are also included in this compilation.
A special edition is available with a DVD containing 24 music videos.
Like every year, 0.15 euro per album sold is transferred to "Fondation Nrj Institut de France", created by Jean-Paul Baudecroux, which funds medical research in neuroscience.
In France, the compilation debuted directly in first place of French Compilations Albums Chart (number-one album) on the issue date January 3, 2010. If charts of albums and compilations were merged, the compilation would be number one; it has sold over 46,651 copies while The Black Eyed Peas have sold 14,855 copies of the album The E.N.D..
For four weeks, sales of the compilation were much higher than The E.N.D..
Track listing
Disc 1
"Meet Me Halfway" by The Black Eyed Peas – 3:46
"Bodies" by Robbie Williams – 4:02
"Russian Roulette" by Rihanna – 3:48
"Rain" by Mika – 3:38
"I Want to Know What Love Is" by Mariah Carey – 3:38
"Enfants Du Désert" by Diam's – 5:35
"Paparazzi" by Lady Gaga – 3:28
"Où je vais" by Amel Bent – 3:41
"Kick the Bucket" by Charlie Winston – 2:41
"Give Me That Love" by Tom Frager – 2:57
"Heavy Cross" by Gossip – 4:04
"Comme des Enfants" by Cœur de pirate – 2:46
"She Wolf" by Shakira – 3:07
"You Don't Know" by Milow – 2:45
"Breathe Gentle" by Tiziano Ferro featuring Kelly Rowland – 3:40
"21 Guns" by Green Day – 5:23
"3" by Britney Spears – 3:26
"Ta Main" by Grégoire – 3:31
"Funhouse" by Pink – 3:25
"Fuck You" by Lily Allen – 3:40
"I Like The Way You Love Me" by Michael Jackson – 4:17
Disc 2
"Memories" by David Guetta featuring Kid Cudi – 3:29
"J'Aimerais Tellement" by Jena Lee – 3:52
"Stereo Love" by Edward Maya featuring Vika Jigulina – 3:04
"Dance 4 Me" by Prince – 4:58
"Cry Cry" by Oceana – 3:14
"Get on Your Boots" by U2 – 3:25
"Doesn't Mean Anything" by Alicia Keys – 3:54
"After Tonight" by Justin Nozuka – 3:59
"Au bord de l'eau" by Gérald de Palmas – 3:21
"On And On (On Se Donne)" by Agnes – 3:49
"L'assasymphonie" by Florent Mothe – 3:48
"Laisse-toi aller bébé " by Collectif Métissé – 3:19
"Je te promets" by Zaho – 3:49
"Broken Strings" by James Morrison featuring Nelly Furtado – 4:10
"Apprends-moi" by Superbus – 4:07
"Plus que tout" by Christophe Willem – 3:43
"Sans dire un mot" by Emmanuel Moire – 3:30
"Ce qui me touche" by Christopher Stills – 3:35
"Ça m'énerve" by Helmut Fritz – 3:38
"Automatic" by Tokio Hotel – 3:16
"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)" by Pitbull – 3:42
DVD (Music Videos)
"Meet Me Halfway" by The Black Eyed Peas
"Russian Roulette" by Rihanna
"J'aimerais tellement" by Jena Lee
"Paparazzi" by Lady Gaga
"Apprends-moi" by Superbus
"Stereo Love" by Edward Maya featuring Vika Jigulina
"Où je vais" by Amel Bent
"3" by Britney Spears
"Kick the Bucket" by Charlie Winston
"Cry Cry" by Oceana
"Heavy Cross" by Gossip
"You Don't Know" by Milow
"Doesn't Mean Anything" by Alicia Keys
"Lady Melody" by Tom Frager and Gwayav'
"Comme des enfants" by Cœur de pirate
"Funhouse" by Pink
"After Tonight" by Justin Nozuka
"Evacuate the Dancefloor" by Cascada
"Ça m'énerve" by Helmut Fritz
"Ta Main" by Grégoire
"She Wolf" by Shakira
"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)" by Pitbull
"Fuck You" by Lily Allen
"Memories" by David Guetta featuring Kid Cudi
Chart and sales
Peak positions
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2009 compilation albums |
Terra Terra – The Aquarius Era is a music drama by Nicholas Lens. It is the second part of the operatic trilogy The Accacha Chronicles, following the successful first part Flamma Flamma. In 12 sections, the score combines orchestra, chorus and six operatic voices that contrast with the eerie tonalities of two female nasal-natural singers.
Cover, creations and adaptations
The cover of Terra Terra shows a vague image of Lens' daughter Clara-Lane Lens as foetus.
Terra Terra - The Aquarius Era premiered live on 30 October 1999 at the Musikhalle Hamburg in Germany.
The newly published score of Terra Terra (rewritten by Lens in 2005 as second part of The Accacha Chronicles), did not premiere yet.
A video film entitled Anima Superba (track 12 of Terra Terra) was directed by Isabelle Desprechins and produced by Tabaran Company.
The film was shot around the Ganges river in India showing original footage of death and birth rituals.
Credits
Second part of the operatic trilogy by Nicholas Lens The Accacha Chronicles
Music, Libretto and Concept: Nicholas Lens
Published by Schott Music International Mainz/ New York City
Studio version released by Sony BMG International (1999 and 2005) (BMG Classics 74321 697182 and Sony BMG 82876 66239 2)
Track listing
Mors O Suavissima Rerum
Molitur Memoria
Milliens Millenae
Moritur Terra
Terra Aquarius
Eia! Eia! Fetus in Vulva
Mater
Pater
Pupulus
Infans Dolore
Pupulam O Puram
Anima Superba
Deus Meus
External links
Nicholas Lens' Official website
Time magazine
Schott Music International
Biff, New York
Compact Discoveries
Sonymusic
Sony BMG
Music dramas
Compositions by Nicholas Lens
Postmodern music
Contemporary classical compositions
2005 operas |
Susan Grant is a United States Air Force veteran, pilot, and bestselling American writer who has won numerous awards, including the Romance Writers of America RITA Award.
Biography
Grant was born in New York. She graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1982, the third class to include women, and was commissioned as an officer in the United States Air Force. She attended pilot training at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas and stayed on for three more years as a flight instructor pilot in the T-37. Her next assignment was to Mather Air Force Base, California, flying T-43s as a command pilot. Upon her honorable discharge from the Air Force in 1989, she went on to work for United Airlines as a pilot, flying Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, and Boeing 777s (current position).
She began writing in 1997 and is now the author of many award-winning, best-selling novellas and novels, including Contact, which won the 2003 Romance Writers of America RITA Award. She lives in Auburn, California.
Bibliography
Star series
Star Raider (previous title The Star Queen) (prequel, novella)
Star King (RITA finalist)
Star Prince
Star Princess (previous title Star Rogue)
Star Champion (previous title The Champion of Barésh) (RITA finalist)
Star Heroes (contains the novellas Star Puppy and Star Hero)
2176 Freedom series
The Legend of Banzai Maguire
The Scarlet Empress
Otherworldly Men series
Guardian Alien (previous title Your Planet or Mine?)
Royally Mated (previous titles My Favorite Earthling and Royal Recruit)
Cyborg and the Single Mom (previous title How to Lose an Extraterrestrial in 10 Days)
Borderlands series
Warleader (previous title Moonstruck) (RITA finalist)
Hunting the Warlord’s Daughter (previous title The Warlord's Daughter)
Raider Born (previous title Sureblood)
Sky Mates series
Hawk
Falcon
The Lost Colony series
The Last Warrior
Stand-alone novels
Contact (RITA winner)
Once a Pirate
The Day Her Heart Stood Still (novella)
Anthologies
Mission: Christmas (featuring the novella “Snowbound With a Prince”)
Mysteria (featuring the novella “Mortal in Mysteria”)
Mysteria Lane (featuring the novella “The Nanny From Hell”)
Mysteria Nights (bundle of Mysteria and Mysteria Lane anthologies)
References
External links
Susan Grant's Web page
Susan Grant’s Books
Living people
United Airlines people
20th-century American novelists
American romantic fiction writers
United States Air Force Academy alumni
Female officers of the United States Air Force
RITA Award winners
1960 births
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
Women romantic fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
American women aviators |
Ganapati also written as Ganapathi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music) created by M. Balamuralikrishna with only three notes and Introduced to Carnatic music with a composition 'Gam Ganapathim'. It is a janya rāga (derived scale) of the 1st Melakarta rāgam Kanakangi.
Scale
The Ganapati raga contains three notes in ascending and descending of the scale:
Arohana :
Avarohana :
Compositions
Notes
References
Janya ragas |
Serémange-Erzange (; ; Lorraine Franconian Schreméngen-Ierséngen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The commune is composed of the localities Serémange, Erzange and Suzange.
See also
Communes of the Moselle department
References
External links
Seremangeerzange |
The Tallahassee Metropolitan Statistical area is the metropolitan area centered on Tallahassee, Florida.
The Tallahassee Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used by the Census Bureau and other agencies for statistical purposes. The Tallahassee Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of the Florida counties of Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon and Wakulla.
Tallahassee, in Leon County, is designated as the principal city in the MSA.
Monticello, is the county seat of Jefferson County.
Crawfordville, is the county seat of Wakulla County.
Quincy is the county seat of Gadsden County.
The Thomasville, Georgia Micropolitan Area abuts the Tallahassee Metropolitan Area to the north. The Florida counties of Leon, Gadsden, Wakulla and Jefferson plus the Georgia county of Decatur make up the Tallahassee, FL-Bainbridge, GA Combined Statistical Area.
History
The Tallahassee Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area was first defined in 1965, and at that time included only Leon County. Wakulla County was added to the MSA in 1973. In 1983, Wakulla County was removed from the MSA and Gadsden County was added. Jefferson County and Wakulla County (for the second time) were added to the MSA in 2003.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 320,304 people, 125,533 households, and 75,306 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 63.59% White, 32.17% African American, and 1.39% from two or more races. 3.72% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
The median income for a household in the MSA was $34,728, and the median income for a family was $42,957. Males had a median income of $29,628 versus $24,977 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $17,552.
In 2008 the population of the MSA was 357,259.
References
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Definitions - retrieved July 17, 2006
Geography of Gadsden County, Florida
Geography of Jefferson County, Florida
Geography of Leon County, Florida
Geography of Tallahassee, Florida
Geography of Wakulla County, Florida |
Myagrus hynesi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the type species of its genus. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1878. It is known from Borneo, India, Sumatra and Malaysia.
References
Lamiini
Beetles described in 1878 |
Manuel Romain (died December 22, 1926 at age 56) was a singer and recording artist. He had several bestseller recordings in Columbia Records including "When I Lost You" (1913), "I Miss You Most of All" (1914), and "You're More Than the World To Me" (1914). A tenor, he performed in vaudeville and minstrel shows in the early 1900s.
Discography
"Daisies Won't Tell" (1910) Edison records
"That's How I Need You" / "Always Think of Mother" Columbia Records
"Curse Of An Aching Heart", song by Al Piantadosi
"That's a Real Moving Picture from Life" by Harry von Tilzer
"When the sheep are in the fold, Jennie dear" (1909)
"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (song)"
"Just to Remind You"
"I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now" (1910)
When I Lost You" (1913), written in 1912 by Irving Berlin after his wife of five months Dorothy Goetz died of typhoid
See also
List of Edison Blue Amberol Records: Popular Series
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
Enrico Mylius Dalgas K.1 D.M. F.M.I (16 July 1828 – 16 April 1894) was a Danish engineer who pioneered the soil melioration of Jutland.
Early life and family
Dalgas was born on 16 July 1828 in Naples, where his father Jean Antoine was the Danish consul. He was baptised Heinrich D. Dalgas. His mother Johanne Tomine née Stibolt was the daughter of a Danish naval officer from a distinguished family. Jean Antoine was descended from Huguenots who settled in Switzerland after the edict of Fontainebleau, whence his grandfather Antoine settled in Denmark. His brother, Carlo Dalgas, was a noted animal artist. When he was 7, his father died and his mother brought him back to Denmark.
Career
Dalgas joined the Danish Army as an officer of the Engineer Corps (today the Ingeniørregimentet). He mostly served as a highway engineer, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before he moved to the newly established civilian body of the Highway Authority. He also served as a pioneer officer during the First and Second Schleswig Wars, during which two of his brothers died.
Soil melioration and related work
Dalgas applied the knowledge and skills he gained as a military engineer toward the reclamation and afforestation of western Jutland. After Denmark's defeat in the Schleswig wars and the ensuing loss of territory, the removal of hardpan was considered a national priority. Working on roads across Jutland gave him an intimate knowledge of the different soils present in Denmark, and the organisational skill he gained as a military officer and civil servant helped him manage large planting and forestry projects. As he performed assessments of road damage, he got to know locals and learn about their concerns, gaining knowledge as well as many allies who helped him in his endeavours. Dalgas was among the leading forces behind the planting of heaths, for while they had been cultivated before, their widespread planting was an innovation that required much more organization.
In 1867, Dalgas founded the Danish Heath Society (Hedeselskabet), with jurist Georg Morville and prominent Jutish landowner Ferdinand Mourier-Petersen. It later added a branch in northern Germany, the Haide-Cultur-Verein. Dalgas wrote a number of books on land improvement, forestry, and the natural history of forests and heaths, as well as many pamphlets, and articles published in academic and popular periodicals on a wide range of topics, including agricultural science, mycology, and entomology. Dalgas's work was later used by German soil scientist Carl Emeis (among the founders of the Haide-Cultur-Verein) as the basis for his theory on hardpan and heaths, the first work to explain the role of humic acids in soil.
Personal life
In 1855 Dalgas married Marie Magdalene Christiane Købke, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Niels Christian Købke. They had three sons: , a forester and the director of the Danish Heath Society; , director of the Royal Porcelain Manufactory; and philosopher . On 16 April 1894, Dalgas died in Aarhus. They had at least one daughter, Ellen Margareth, who emigrated to Brazil and was the mother of engineer and naturalist Johan Dalgas Frisch.
Honours
Enrico Dalgas was made a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1864, received the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1867, received the Medal of Merit in Gold in 1875, and was made Commander 1st Class of the Dannebrog in 1887. Dalgas Avenue in Aarhus, Dalgasgade in Herning and Dalgas Boulevard in Copenhagen are named after him, and a number of Danish cities have erected statues of him.
Bibliography
Oversigt over hederne i Jylland, 1866
Geografiske billeder I og II, 1867–68
Vejledning til træplantning, 1871
Den dybe reolpløjning, 1872
En hederejse i Hannover, 1873
Anvisning til anlæg af småplantninger, 1875–83
Hedemoser og Kærjorder, 1876
Om engvandring, 1877
Om plantning i Jylland, 1877
Hederne og deres Kultivering, 1878
References
1828 births
1894 deaths
Soil scientists
Foresters
Danish naturalists
Danish military engineers
19th-century Danish military officers
Danish conservationists
Danish civil servants
Environmental engineers
19th-century Danish scientists
Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog
Commanders First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog
Recipients of the Medal of Merit (Denmark)
Danish agronomists
Burials at Nordre Cemetery
Danish civil engineers
19th-century Neapolitan people
19th-century engineers
19th-century Danish military personnel |
Elvis Ali Hazarika is an Indian swimmer from Assam.
Hazarika started swimming at the age of one and a half and swam across Dighalipukhuri in Guwahati at the age of four. He participated in the Asia Pacific Championship at the age of nine and represented India in the SAF Games.
In June 2018, Hazarika crossed 29 km of the English Channel in an attempt to swim across it. He is the only Assamese person to swim this distance on the channel so far.
In 2019, he announced that he was attempting to cross the Catalina Channel in the United States, connecting Santa Catalina Island and Southern California. The event was dedicated to two Assamese youths, Abhijit and Nilotpal, who were killed by miscreants in Karbi Anglong district. On 15 August of that year, he became the first person in Northeast India to swim across the channel, taking 10 hours 59 minutes along with team-mate Rimo Saha of West Bengal.
References
Living people
1981 births
Indian male swimmers
Indian male freestyle swimmers
Indian male butterfly swimmers
Indian male medley swimmers
Swimmers from Assam
South Asian Games medalists in swimming
South Asian Games silver medalists for India
South Asian Games bronze medalists for India |
The men's sprint event at the 2022 World Singles Ninepin Bowling Classic Championships was held in Elva, Estonia on 25 May 2022.
Gold medal was won by Austrian Matthias Zatschkowitsch, who defeated Hungarian Zsombor Zapletan in the final. Bronze medals went to semi-finalists Frenchman Frédéric Koell and Romanian Bogdan Horatiu Dudas.
Results
Starting places
The starting places have been allocated on the basis of each nation achievements during the previous championships.
Schedule
The players were drawn into bouts with the reservation that competitors from the same country can not play in the first round against each other.
Bracket
References
2022
Men's sprint |
Do Be Quick () is a 1977 Czech drama film directed by Stanislav Strnad. It was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.
Cast
Zdenek Hradilák as Frantisek Kabát
Marie Drahokoupilová as Tereza Kabátová
Ivan Lutansky as Ivan Kabát
Martin Růžek as Emil Martinec
Karolina Slunécková as Eva Martincová
Radoslav Brzobohatý as Jirí Voník
Milena Dvorská
Adolf Filip as nadporucík VB
Grazyna Sahatqiu as Alena Martincová
Jana Gýrová as Ruzena Voníková
Miloš Willig as Václav Houdek
References
External links
1977 films
1977 drama films
1970s Czech-language films
Czechoslovak drama films
Czech drama films
1970s Czech films |
Bear Creek is a river near Brethren, Michigan.
References
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States
Rivers of Michigan |
Haifaa Jawad is an Iraqi Muslim scholar and Honorary Senior Lecturer of theology and religion at the University of Birmingham.
Biography
Haifaa Jawad received her BA and MA degrees from Baghdad University and her PhD from the University of Exeter. She has held academic positions at various institutions including Westhill College (1993-1999), New England College (American University) (1990-1993), Trinity College, Dublin and University of Alabama. Since 2001, she has been a member of the Department of Theology and Religion at the University of Birmingham.
Works
The Rights of Women in Islam: An Authentic Approach (St. Martin's Press, 1998)
Women, Islam, and Resistance in the Arab World (Lynne Rienner, 2013) with Maria Holt
Muslim Women and Sport (Routledge, 2010) (ed) with Gertrude Pfister and Tansin Benn
Towards Building a British Islam: New Muslims' Perspectives (Continuum, 2011)
See also
Zailan Moris
References
External links
Official Web Page at University of Birmingham
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Women scholars of Islam
21st-century Muslim theologians
Academics of the University of Birmingham
University of Baghdad alumni
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Muslim scholars of Islamic studies |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef WebGeofencingError_h
#define WebGeofencingError_h
#include "WebString.h"
namespace blink {
struct WebGeofencingError {
enum ErrorType {
ErrorTypeAbort = 0,
ErrorTypeUnknown,
ErrorTypeLast = ErrorTypeUnknown
};
WebGeofencingError(ErrorType errorType, const WebString& message)
: errorType(errorType)
, message(message)
{
}
ErrorType errorType;
WebString message;
};
} // namespace blink
#endif // WebGeofencingError_h
``` |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
*
* Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
* person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
* data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
* copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
* freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
* unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
* the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
*
* (a) the Software, and
*
* (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
* one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
* is contributed by such licensors),
*
* without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
* derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
* use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
* Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
* either these or other terms.
*
* This license is subject to the following condition:
*
* The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
* minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
* portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
package com.oracle.truffle.api.test.host;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import java.util.List;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.PolyglotException;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.TruffleObject;
import com.oracle.truffle.tck.tests.TruffleTestAssumptions;
public class PrimitiveRawArrayInteropTest extends ProxyLanguageEnvTest {
@BeforeClass
public static void runWithWeakEncapsulationOnly() {
TruffleTestAssumptions.assumeWeakEncapsulation();
}
private Object[] objArr;
private byte[] byteArr;
private short[] shortArr;
private int[] intArr;
private long[] longArr;
private float[] floatArr;
private double[] doubleArr;
private char[] charArr;
private boolean[] boolArr;
public Object arr(int type) {
switch (type) {
case 0:
return objArr;
case 1:
return byteArr;
case 2:
return shortArr;
case 3:
return intArr;
case 4:
return longArr;
case 5:
return floatArr;
case 6:
return doubleArr;
case 7:
return charArr;
case 8:
return boolArr;
case 666:
throw new SimulatedDeath();
default:
throw new WrongArgument(type);
}
}
public static final class WrongArgument extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
final int type;
public WrongArgument(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
}
public interface RawInterop {
List<Object> arr(int type);
}
private TruffleObject obj;
private RawInterop interop;
@Override
public void before() {
super.before();
obj = asTruffleObject(this);
interop = asJavaObject(RawInterop.class, obj);
}
@Test
public void everyThingIsNull() {
assertNull(interop.arr(0));
assertNull(interop.arr(1));
assertNull(interop.arr(2));
assertNull(interop.arr(3));
assertNull(interop.arr(4));
assertNull(interop.arr(5));
assertNull(interop.arr(6));
assertNull(interop.arr(7));
assertNull(interop.arr(8));
}
@Test
public void exceptionIsPropagated() {
try {
assertNull(interop.arr(30));
} catch (PolyglotException hostException) {
assertTrue("Expected HostException but got: " + hostException.getClass(), hostException.isHostException());
WrongArgument wrongArgument = (WrongArgument) hostException.asHostException();
assertEquals(30, wrongArgument.type);
return;
}
fail("WrongArgument should have been thrown");
}
@Test
public void errorIsPropagated() {
try {
assertNull(interop.arr(666));
} catch (PolyglotException ex) {
assertTrue(ex.isInternalError());
return;
}
fail("SimulatedDeath should have been thrown");
}
@Test
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
public void stringAsList() {
objArr = new Object[]{"Hello", "World", "!"};
List<Object> list = interop.arr(0);
assertEquals("Three elements", 3, list.size());
assertEquals("Hello", list.get(0));
assertEquals("World", list.get(1));
assertEquals("!", list.get(2));
list.set(1, "there");
assertEquals("there", objArr[1]);
list.set(0, null);
assertNull("set to null", objArr[0]);
List rawList = list;
rawList.set(0, 42);
assertEquals("safelly changed", 42, objArr[0]);
}
@Test
public void charOp() {
charArr = new char[]{'A', 'h', 'o', 'j'};
assertEquals('j', (char) interop.arr(7).get(3));
interop.arr(7).set(3, 'y');
String s = new String(charArr);
assertEquals("Ahoy", s);
}
@Test
public void boolOp() {
boolArr = new boolean[]{true, false};
interop.arr(8).set(1, !(Boolean) interop.arr(8).get(1));
assertEquals(boolArr[0], boolArr[1]);
}
@Test
public void byteSum() {
byteArr = new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 2, (byte) 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(1));
}
@Test
public void shortSum() {
shortArr = new short[]{(short) 1, (short) 2, (short) 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(2));
}
@Test
public void intSum() {
intArr = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(3));
}
@Test
public void longSum() {
longArr = new long[]{1, 2, 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(4));
}
@Test
public void floatSum() {
floatArr = new float[]{1, 2, 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(5));
}
@Test
public void doubleSum() {
doubleArr = new double[]{1, 2, 3};
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(6));
}
@Test
public void writeSomebyteSum() {
byteArr = new byte[]{(byte) 10, (byte) 2, (byte) 3};
interop.arr(1).set(0, (byte) 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(1));
}
@Test
public void writeSomeshortSum() {
shortArr = new short[]{(short) 10, (short) 2, (short) 3};
interop.arr(2).set(0, (short) 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(2));
}
@Test
public void writeSomeintSum() {
intArr = new int[]{10, 2, 3};
interop.arr(3).set(0, 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(3));
}
@Test
public void writeSomelongSum() {
longArr = new long[]{10, 2, 3};
interop.arr(4).set(0, (long) 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(4));
}
@Test
public void writeSomefloatSum() {
floatArr = new float[]{10, 2, 3};
interop.arr(5).set(0, (float) 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(5));
}
@Test
public void writeSomedoubleSum() {
doubleArr = new double[]{10, 2, 3};
interop.arr(6).set(0, (double) 1);
assertSum("Sum is OK", 6, interop.arr(6));
}
private static void assertSum(String msg, double expected, List<? extends Object> numbers) {
double v = 0.0;
for (Object o : numbers) {
if (o instanceof Number) {
Number n = (Number) o;
v += n.doubleValue();
}
}
assertEquals(msg, expected, v, 0.05);
}
private static class SimulatedDeath extends ThreadDeath {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String getMessage() {
return "simulation";
}
}
}
``` |
Lorrenzo Wade (born November 23, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Delaware 87ers of the NBA Development League. He is former collegiate basketball player for the Louisville Cardinals and San Diego State Aztecs basketball teams.
High school career
Lorrenzo Wade went to high school at Cheyenne High School, North Las Vegas, Nevada. There he averaged 14 points and 4 rebounds in 2001–02 and had a 30–5 record and was a state runner-up. In 2003, he was in the first-team all-state, all-region and all-division selection. Wade was named co-MVP of the 2003 state tournament where he averaged 21.5 points in six postseason games helping Cheyenne to its first-ever state title. He scored 20 points and had 22 rebounds in the state title game after recording 22 points and 14 rebounds in the semifinals. In 2002–03 they had compiled a record of 31–1. Wade played his prep season of high school basketball at Hargrave Military Academy in Virginia and averaged 14.3 points. He led his team to a 25-1 1 record and won the prep national championship.
Collegiate career
2004–05
Wade was part of a Louisville team that went to the Final Four, as Wade appeared in 31 games, averaging 3.9 points per game in 10 mins per outing. Wade's best game of the season came against Tennessee State when Wade scored a then-career-high 14 points on January 2, 2005, on 5-of-8 shooting.
2005–06
Wade made the decision transfer to San Diego State following his freshman year, and as per NCAA regulations, was forced to sit out for the entire season.
2006–07
Wade started 24 of 33 games in his first season with the Aztecs, and his 10.5 points and 5.3 rebounds per game garnered him an Honorable mention to the all-Mountain West Conference team. In a loss to Syracuse in the second round of the NIT, Wade scored 16 points and notched eight rebounds in an 80–64 loss.
2007–08
Wade enjoyed his best season to date, averaging 14.8 points (lead team) and 3.6 (lead team) assists per game, as he was named to the first-team all-Mountain West Conference team. Wade's best game of the season included a career-high 28 points against BYU on February 23, 2008.
College Statistics
Professional career
On March 19, 2010, Wade signed with Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants of the Philippines.
On October 29, 2016, Wade was acquired by the Delaware 87ers of the NBA Development League. On December 31, he was waived by Delaware. In 15 games, he averaged 11.7 points, 4.1 rebounds, 1.3 assists and 1.2 steals in 28.1 minutes.
References
External links
Profile at San Diego Aztecs Official Page
Eurobasket.com profile
1985 births
Living people
Abejas de León players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Nevada
Capitanes de Ciudad de México players
Delaware 87ers players
Greek Basket League players
Juventud Sionista basketball players
Kavala B.C. players
Lanús basketball players
Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players
Magnolia Hotshots players
People from North Las Vegas, Nevada
Philippine Basketball Association imports
Rayos de Hermosillo players
San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Soles de Mexicali players
Sportspeople from the Las Vegas Valley
Toros de Nuevo Laredo players
Hargrave Military Academy alumni |
Boutilimit is a department of Trarza Region in Mauritania.
References
Departments of Mauritania |
Beška may refer to:
Beška — a village in Serbia
Beška (Island) — an island in Skadar Lake in the Montenegrin municipality of Podgorica
Beška Bridge — a concrete highroad bridge on the Danube river near Beška, Serbia
See also
Beshka, a river in central Ukraine |
Lilian Jane Gould (1861–1936), also known as Lilian J. Veley, was a British biologist mainly known for her studies of microorganisms in liquor. She was one of the first women admitted to the Linnaean Society. Apart from her scientific work, she was one of the first European breeders of Siamese cats.
Biography
Lilian Jane Gould was born on 19 February 1861, to Katharine Emma Gould and the Rev. J. Nutcombe. She attended Somerville College, Oxford on a scholarship, where her adviser was the entomologist Edward Bagnall Poulton. In 1894 she obtained a First Class degree in Natural Sciences, with a specialisation in animal morphology. In 1895 she married Victor Herbert Veley (1856–1933), a scientist and businessman with whom she would later collaborate on several research projects. Like other Oxford University women scientists of the era who were barred from obtaining a doctorate at Oxford, she later received a D.Sc. degree from Trinity College, Dublin (1905).
In 1904, she became one of the first women elected to the Linnean Society of London.
During World War I, Gould served as the commandant of a London unit of the British Red Cross.
Her husband died in 1933 and Gould died on 2 December 1936. An obituary was published in the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society.
Research
Gould wrote her first two scientific papers while still at Oxford University; one was on colour in the larvae of lepidoptera, while the other was on an amoeba, Pelomyxa palustris.
Veley was a scientist and the director of the Baddow Brewery Company, and Gould worked with him on microorganisms found in liquors such as rum. With Veley, she published several brief papers on the subject in Nature and elsewhere, as well as a book entitled The Micro-Organism of Faulty Rum (1898). Her husband's obituary opined that the book had received less attention than it deserved.
Cat breeding
Gould also played a part in the early history of the modern breed of Siamese cat, becoming one of the first western Siamese breeders. In 1884, her brother Edward, who was Consul-General in Bangkok, brought a breeding pair of the cats back home as a gift for his sister. Gould's pair, named Pho and Mia, produced three Siamese kittens, and all five attracted attention the following year at the annual cat show at London's Crystal Palace. Gould would go on to co-found the Siamese Cat Club in 1901.
Some photographs of other types of cats owned by Gould are held in the UK National Archives. She also interviewed in 1910 a family in Putney who owned a cat claimed to have been stolen from a Japanese temple of which cats were traditional guards.
See also
Timeline of women in science
References
British microbiologists
English zoologists
Cat fanciers
1861 births
1936 deaths
Women microbiologists
Women zoologists
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
19th-century biologists
20th-century biologists
19th-century British biologists
20th-century British scientists
19th-century British zoologists
20th-century British zoologists
19th-century British women scientists
20th-century British women scientists |
Dawn Park is a suburb of Boksburg close to Vosloorus.
References
Populated places in Ekurhuleni |
Teng Biao () is a Chinese lawyer and political activist. He is a lecturer at the China University of Political Science and Law in Beijing. He has been a vocal supporter of human rights activists such as Chen Guangcheng and Hu Jia. He has been arrested at least twice, in March 2008 and in February 2011. He was also a visiting scholar at Harvard Law School from (2015-16) and at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Human rights activities in China
Teng is one of the founders of the Open Constitution Initiative in 2003. He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.
In 2006, he was counsel for the blind civil rights activist Chen Guangcheng, who was sentenced to four years and three months in prison.
Arrests
On 7 March 2008, Teng was arrested by the Beijing Public Security Bureau and detained for two days.
In 2011, Teng met with other lawyers on 16 February to talk about the case of Chen Guangcheng, who was placed under house arrest after his release from prison. His fellow lawyers Jiang Tianyong and Tang Jitian, who attended the meeting, were arrested soon after. Teng was arrested on 20 February, the first Sunday of the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests that were inspired by the Arab Spring. On 28 February 2011, Amnesty International launched an "urgent action" in support of the three detained lawyers. Teng was released on 29 April, after more than two months of detention. Human rights organisations state that "He remains under surveillance".
Work in the United States
Academia
Teng is a scholar at Hunter College.
Harassment
From 2017 to 2018, Teng suffered a series of personal attacks from Chinese businessman Guo Wengui. Teng wrote an article afterwards to refute the related slander and rumors, and commented on the performance and impact of the "Guo Wengui incident".
In December 2020, a group of Chinese protestors picketed Teng's home in New Jersey, accusing him of conspiring with the Chinese government. Teng and other dissidents said the protests were organized by Guo Wengui, whom they have previously publicly criticized.
Sexual harassment allegation
In 2023, Teng Biao posted an apology on Twitter for sexual harassment of a woman. The woman disagreed with his apology and said that it was attempted rape.
Awards
Religious Freedom and Rule of Law Defender Award (2012)
Prize for Outstanding Democracy Activist (2011)
Human Rights Watch Hellman/Hammett Grants (2010)
NED Democracy Award (2008)
Human Rights Prize of French Republic (2007)
See also
Human rights in the People's Republic of China
Weiquan movement
References
External links
Teng Biao Twitter account
1973 births
Living people
20th-century Chinese lawyers
21st-century Chinese lawyers
Academic staff of China University of Political Science and Law
Chinese activists
Chinese dissidents
Chinese democracy activists
Weiquan movement |
Auchenipterichthys thoracatus is a species of driftwood catfish endemic to Peru where it is found in the Amazon River basin. It grows to a length of 11.0 cm.
References
Auchenipteridae
Freshwater fish of Peru
Fish described in 1858 |
is a ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada. Together with and (collectively known as the "Marcotte trilogy"), it represents a further development in Canadian constitutional jurisprudence on the doctrines of interjurisdictional immunity and paramountcy, together with significant clarifications on the law concerning class actions in the Province of Quebec, which is similar to that in operation in the common law provinces.
Background
In Canada, holders of credit cards are allowed to use them to make purchases in foreign currency, and the conversion of the purchase price into Canadian dollars follows a similar pattern among all card issuers:
Conversion from the foreign currency through the interbank rate.
Application of a conversion charge by the issuer, which is disclosed by only some issuers to the cardholder.
Inserting the total amount of the transactions onto the cardholder's monthly statement.
In April 2003, Réal Marcotte applied to the Superior Court of Quebec for authorization to launch a class action against several financial institutions:
Bank of Montreal
Amex Bank of Canada
Royal Bank of Canada
Toronto-Dominion Bank
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Bank of Nova Scotia
National Bank of Canada
Laurentian Bank of Canada
Citibank Canada
Fédération des caisses Desjardins du Québec
Marcotte alleged that the defendants, contrary to the Consumer Protection Act in Quebec, failed to disclose the conversion charges as part of their "credit charge" as defined under the Act, which would have allowed cardholders who make payments before the due date to do so without paying such charge. In addition, he asserted that five of the banks failed to disclose the existence of the conversion charge, which was also in breach of the Act. It was estimated that the total amount of the charges in question was over $242 million.
The class action became a group of three because of procedural considerations:
Amex sought to be removed because Marcotte was not an American Express cardholder. Bernard Laparé, who was, joined as co-representative and co-plaintiff. Amex, relying on a ruling of the Quebec Court of Appeal that questioned the validity of the class action, sought to be removed from the action, but its application was dismissed.
The Desjardins part of the action was separated, as the other banks (who were established under the Bank Act) sought to raise constitutional issues relating the relationship between the Bank Act and the Consumer Protection Act.
The main action and the Desjardins action were heard jointly, on application of the parties.
Sylvan Adams instituted a separate class action against Amex with respect to the same issues but also asserted that restitution was due to all cardholders even if they were not consumers. This case was heard by the same judge that presided over the other actions.
The defendants sought to have the actions dismissed on several grounds:
All banks other than BMO and Amex sought to be removed from the action, as Marcotte and Laparé had no direct connection since they held no cards issued by them.
The conversion charges were not "credit charges" as defined by the CPA, but instead fell within the definition of "net capital".
Five of the banks, which did not specifically disclose the conversion charge in their cardholder agreements, submitted that the charge was related to the exchange rate and not the interest rate posted on the monthly statements. The plaintiffs did not challenge the disclosure made by the four other banks.
In any case, all banks submitted that, by paying their balances in full each month, cardholders extinguished any rights they may have had in the matter.
For any accounts created before 17 April 2000 (three years before the commencement of the action), the rules concerning prescription would provide that those cardholders were statute-barred from participating in the action.
The constitutional doctrines on interjurisdictional immunity and paramountcy meant that the COA did not apply, as the Act attempted to regulate activity that fell under the federal banking power, and it conflicted with existing federal legislation.
In the event that these doctrines did not apply, the Code of Civil Procedure in Quebec did not support a claim for punitive damages in the action.
The claims for reimbursement and punitive damages were not capable of being calculated with precision.
In its separate proceeding, Amex asserted essentially the same grounds. In its case, Desjardins submitted that payments by credit card fall within the federal power over bills of exchange, and is thus protected under interjurisdictional immunity and paramountcy grounds.
Superior Court
Gascon J (as he then was), in decisions released on the same day, found for the plaintiffs in all three actions. In reasons that were closely interlinked, he held:
Court of Appeal
The appeals produced varying results. In his reasons, Dalphond JA held:
Supreme Court
The appeals generally went in the plaintiffs' favour:
In Marcotte (BMO), the banks' appeals were dismissed and the appeal by Marcotte and Laparé allowed in part.
In Adams, Amex's appeal was dismissed.
In Marcotte (Desjardins), Marcotte's appeal was allowed in part.
Marcotte (BMO) constituted the main opinion, written by Rothstein and Wagner JJ for a unanimous Court. Their opinions in the other two appeals, while adopting the main opinion's principles, also addressed matters unique to them.
BMO v. Marcotte
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=15%|Issue !!Reasons
|- valign = "top"
|Standing in class actions
|
The representative plaintiffs have standing to sue all of the Banks. This is authorized under section 55 of the CCP, and accords with the principle of proportionality under section 4.2 of the Code. It is also in line with the approach adopted in the common-law provinces.
In addition, the analysis of whether the plaintiffs have standing must have the same outcome regardless of whether it is conducted before or after the class action is authorized, because at both stages, the court must look to the authorization criteria of section 1003 of the Code. Therefore, the principle in is to be favoured over that in Bouchard c. Agropur Coopérative.
|- valign = "top"
|"Net capital" and "credit charges"
|
As explained in Richard v. Time Inc., the CPA'''s objectives are "to restore the balance in the contractual relationship between merchants and consumers" and "to eliminate unfair and misleading practices that may distort the information available to consumers and prevent them from making informed choices."
Treating conversion charges as credit charges would force merchants to either disclose a wide range for the credit rate, which would confuse consumers or require unknowing cardholders to subsidize ancillary services that other cardholders choose to use that would benefit only some consumers at the cost of others and reduce the ability of consumers to make informed choices. Both s. 17 of the CPA and do not require their classification as credit charges. Instead, they are additional fees for an optional service that is not necessary for consumers to access the credit.
|- valign = "top"
|Interjurisdictional immunity
|
The doctrine must be applied "with restraint" and "should in general be reserved for situations already covered by precedent." In the rare circumstances that it applies, a provincial law will be inapplicable to the extent that its application would "impair" the core of a federal power. Impairment occurs where the federal power is "seriously or significantly trammel[ed]", particularly in the current "era of cooperative, flexible federalism."
SS. 12 and 272 of the CPA, which deal with the disclosure of charges requirement and the remedies for breach of same, do not impair the federal banking power.
While lending, broadly defined, is central to banking, it cannot be said that a disclosure requirement for certain charges ancillary to one type of consumer credit impairs or significantly trammels the manner in which Parliament's legislative jurisdiction over bank lending can be exercised.
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Under Law Society of British Columbia v. Mangat, the Court held that even though forced compliance with a provincial law would not result in a breach of a federal law, it may nonetheless clearly frustrate the federal purpose and be held unconstitutional. However, the fact that Parliament has legislated in an area does not preclude provincial legislation from operating in the same area. "[T]o impute to Parliament such an intention to 'occup[y] the field' in the absence of very clear statutory language to that effect would be to stray from the path of judicial restraint in questions of paramountcy that this Court has taken since at least [O'Grady v. Sparling]."
Sections 12 and 272 of the CPA cannot be said to frustrate or undermine that purpose, as they do not provide for standards applicable to banking products and banking services offered by banks. Rather, they articulate a contractual norm analogous to the substantive rules of contract found in the CCQ.
The basic rules of contract cannot be said to frustrate the federal purpose of comprehensive and exclusive standards, and the general rules regarding disclosure and accompanying remedies support rather than frustrate the federal scheme.
In addition, sections 12 and 272 of the CPA are not inconsistent with sections 16 and 988 of the Bank Act and so do not frustrate the narrower federal purpose of ensuring that bank contracts are not nullified even if a bank breaches its disclosure obligations. As stated in Canadian Western Bank, "constitutional doctrine must facilitate, not undermine what this Court has called 'co-operative federalism'."
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|Disclosure under the CPA|
The Group A Banks breached section 12 of the CPA by failing to disclose the conversion charges. The violation is not related to the terms and conditions of payment or to the computation or indication of the credit charges or the credit rate, which are specifically covered by s. 271 of the CPA. It is a substantive violation that goes against the CPA's objective of permitting consumers to make informed choices, and the violation results from ignorant or careless conduct.
Section 272 of the CPA applies, and the appropriate remedy is a reduction of cardholders' obligations in the amount of all conversion charges imposed during the period of nondisclosure. As there is an absolute presumption of prejudice for violations that give rise to section 272 remedies, the commercial competitiveness of the conversion charges imposed is of no consequence.
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The trial judgment with respect to punitive damages should be restored.
Under Cinar Corporation v. Robinson, an appellate court can interfere with a trial court's assessment of punitive damages only if there has been an error of law, or if the amount is not rationally connected to the purposes for which the damages are awarded.
The threshold for awarding punitive damages is not higher in the context of class actions whose plaintiffs are awarded collective recovery as opposed to individual recovery. The mode of recovery is not a factor set out in the jurisprudence for assessing punitive damages, and it would not be reasonable to include it as one.
The amount of punitive damages awarded in this case is rationally connected to the purposes for which the damages are awarded. Neither evidence of antisocial behaviour nor reprehensible conduct is required to award punitive damages under the CPA. Rather, what is necessary is an examination of the overall conduct of the merchant before, during, and after the violation; behaviour that was lax, passive, or ignorant with respect to consumers' rights and to their own obligations; or conduct that displays ignorance, carelessness, or serious negligence.
In this case, the Group A Banks breached the CPA without any explanation for a period of years; that negligence overwhelms their unexplained decision to start disclosing a fee they were charging consumers without their knowledge.
|}
Adams v. Amex
Gascon J's finding of fact was allowed to stand and so his order for restitution remained. As Marcotte did not cross-appeal, the issue of punitive damages did not arise even though Marcotte (BMO) applied, as Amex had breached its section 12 obligations as well.
In addition, the CPA does not apply to non-consumer cardholders and so restitution is founded on the provisions of the CCQ, which the judge properly applied. According to the principles applicable to receipt of a payment not due, the basis for restitution is not the commission of a wrongful act, and the potential remedy is not damages. Rather, the basis for restitution is that there was no obligation to perform the prestations, and the remedy is a return of any prestations made without obligation, by virtue of and .
Marcotte v. Desjardins
It was agreed that payments by credit card do not fall within the federal bills of exchange power, and the natural limits of its wording prevent it from being expanded.
In addition, in applying Marcotte (BMO), Desjardins breached its obligations under section 12 of the CPA'' and in not disclosing the existence of the conversion charge until it issued a monthly statement showing such charges. Reimbursement of such charges is the appropriate remedy, but the rules on prescription mean that some cardholders' claims are now statutes barred, as notice began upon publication of such statement.
The matter was sent back to the Superior Court to determine the appropriate procedure for effecting recovery. It was agreed that Desjardins' behaviour did not justify assessment of punitive damages, as its conduct was neither negligent nor careless.
Impact
The Court held that federal and provincial laws can complement one another, and the fact that Canadian banks are federally chartered does not confer sweeping immunity from provincial laws:
The ruling is likely to affect other federally regulated businesses, as constitutional arguments may be ineffective to immunize them from class actions arising from provincial consumer protection legislation. It may also encourage greater provincial oversight, absent more active federal regulation.
Notes
References
2014 in Canadian case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
Canadian federalism case law
Canadian contract case law
Canadian civil procedure case law
Bank of Montreal
Class action case law in Canada
Banking case law in Canada |
The Western Canadian Music Awards (WCMAs) are an annual awards event for music in the western portion of Canada. The awards are provided by the Western Canada Music Alliance, which consists of six member music industry organizations from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Yukon, and The Northwest Territories.
The Western Canadian Music Awards presentation gala takes place on the final evening of the Breakout West music conference & festival, which takes place in a different Western Canadian city each year.
History
The Western Canadian Music Awards originated in its current form in 2003. Prior to that the Prairie Music Alliance (formed in May 1999) hosted award events at the "Prairie Music Week", while BC and Yukon held their own music awards known as the "West Coast Music Awards". The earliest incarnation of the Awards was the "All Indie Weekend" festivals held in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba from 1995 through 1999.
The Western Canadian Music Awards have been held in the following cities:
2003 - Regina, Saskatchewan
2004 - Calgary, Alberta
2005 - Vancouver, British Columbia
2006 - Winnipeg, Manitoba
2007 - Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
2008 - Edmonton, Alberta
2009 - Brandon, Manitoba
2010 - Kelowna, British Columbia
2011 - Whitehorse, Yukon
2012 - Regina, Saskatchewan
2013 - Calgary, Alberta
2014 - Winnipeg, Manitoba
2015 - Victoria, British Columbia
2016 - Regina, Saskatchewan
2017 - Edmonton, Alberta
2018 - Kelowna, British Columbia
2019 - Whitehorse, Yukon
2020 - Winnipeg, Manitoba
2021 - Winnipeg, Manitoba
2022 - Calgary, Alberta
BreakOut West conference and festival
BreakOut West weekend is a place where the music industry gathers to celebrate, develop, and support the best of Western Canadian Music. The BreakOut West Festival features some of the finest talent from all genres of music from B.C, Alberta, Manitoba, the Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. The daytime conference component of Breakout West features panels, workshops, one-on-one mentoring sessions, and networking events to provide opportunities for artists and other industry people to learn and network.
Mission Statement: "To stage an event in Western Canada that unites, promotes, develops, and educates independent labels, artists, and managers. The Western Canadian Music Alliance will further stimulate the public's interest in awareness of the live, original and independent music from Canada's western provinces."
See also
Music of Canada
References
External links
www.breakoutwest.ca
Canadian music awards
2003 in Canadian music
Culture of Western Canada |
Starotyryshkino () is a rural locality (a selo) in Anuysky Selsoviet, Smolensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 247 as of 2013. There are 8 streets.
Geography
Starotyryshkino is located 23 km northwest of Smolenskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ust-Anuy is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Smolensky District, Altai Krai |
Chanticleer is an unincorporated community in Chicot County, Arkansas, United States. It is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 65 and 82, and Arkansas Highway 159 at the southern border of Lake Village.
References
Unincorporated communities in Chicot County, Arkansas
Unincorporated communities in Arkansas |
The 2016 Valdosta State Blazers football team represented Valdosta State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 2016 NCAA Division II football season. They were led by first-year head coach Kerwin Bell and played their home games at Bazemore–Hyder Stadium in Valdosta, Georgia. Valdosta State compiled an overall record of 8–3 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, placing second in the GSC. They were invited to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, where they lost in the first round to .
Schedule
Valdosta State announced its 2016 football schedule on March 17, 2016. The schedule consisted of five home games, four away game, and one neutral site games in the regular season. The Blazers hosted GSC foes Delta State, Shorter, West Florida, and West Georgia, and traveled to Florida Tech, Mississippi College, North Alabama, and West Alabama.
The Blazers hosted one non-conference game against Albany State of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) and traveled to one neutral site game against Kentucky State, also from the SIAC.
References
Valdosta State
Valdosta State Blazers football seasons
Valdosta State Blazers football |
Iron(III) nitrate, or ferric nitrate, is the name used for a series of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)n. Most common is the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)9. The hydrates are all pale colored, water-soluble paramagnetic salts.
Hydrates
Iron(III) nitrate is deliquescent, and it is commonly found as the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, which forms colourless to pale violet crystals. This compound is the trinitrate salt of the aquo complex [Fe(H2O)6]3+.
Other hydrates ·x, include:
tetrahydrate (x=4), more precisely triaqua dinitratoiron(III) nitrate monohydrate, , has complex cations wherein Fe3+ is coordinated with two nitrate anions as bidentate ligands and three of the four water molecules, in a pentagonal bipyramid configuration with two water molecules at the poles.
pentahydrate (x=5), more precisely penta-aqua nitratoiron(III) dinitrate, , in which the Fe3+ ion is coordinated to five water molecules and a unidentate nitrate anion ligand in octahedral configuration.
hexahydrate (x=6), more precisely hexaaquairon(III) trinitrate, , where the Fe3+ ion is coordinated to six water molecules in octahedral configuration.
Reactions
Iron(III) nitrate is a useful precursor to other iron compounds because the nitrate is easily removed or decomposed. It is for example, a standard precursor to potassium ferrate .
When dissolved, iron(III) nitrate forms yellow solutions. When this solution is heated to near boiling, nitric acid evaporates and a solid precipitate of iron(III) oxide appears. Another method for producing iron oxides from this nitrate salt involves neutralizing its aqueous solutions.
Preparation
The compound can be prepared by treating iron metal powder with nitric acid, as summarized by the following idealized equation:
Applications
Ferric nitrate has no large scale applications. It is a catalyst for the synthesis of sodium amide from a solution of sodium in ammonia:
2 NH3 + 2 Na → 2 NaNH2 + H2
Certain clays impregnated with ferric nitrate have been shown to be useful oxidants in organic synthesis. For example, ferric nitrate on Montmorillonite—a reagent called Clayfen—has been employed for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and thiols to disulfides.
Ferric nitrate solutions are used by jewelers and metalsmiths to etch silver and silver alloys.
References
Iron(III) compounds
Nitrates
Deliquescent substances
Oxidizing agents |
Too Shy to Say may refer to:
"Too Shy to Say", a song written and performed by Stevie Wonder on Fulfillingness' First Finale
"Too Shy to Say", a song written by Stevie Wonder and performed by Diana Ross on Baby It's Me |
Preston Wynne is a small village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. Civil parish population at the 2011 census was 172.
Preston Wynne is north-east from Hereford, and south-east from Leominster. The hamlet of Preston Marsh is to the east of the village. Within the parish is the site of a medieval chapel and ancient ring ditches.
External links
Group Parish's website
Villages in Herefordshire
Civil parishes in Herefordshire |
Romerike Folk High School is a freelance folk high school at Jessheim in Akershus. The school has approximately 105 students and is owned by Viken county. Romerike has cultivated one discipline, theater and music. Each year, approximately 40-50 small and large performances, everything from concerts, the whole evening's theater pieces and smaller study projects. The biggest productions play 10-14 performances, usually twice a day. The students live in boarding houses.
The school is 8 km from Oslo Airport, Gardermoen and 2 km from Jessheim city center at Nordbytjernet.
Line subject
Costume and theatrical makeup
Sound and music
Lighting design
Music and theater
Sets
Theatre
Notable students
Among the school's best known former pupils are several Norwegian actors and artists:
Charlotte Frogner
Dennis Storhøi
Kristopher Schau
Øivind Blunck
Nikolaj Frobenius
Gørild Mauseth
Ane Dahl Torp
Solveig Kloppen
Marian Saastad Ottesen
Sven Nordin
Katrine Moholt
Aksel Hennie
Nicolai Cleve Broch
Trond Espen Seim
Magnus Devold
Anders Baasmo Christiansen
Linn Skåber
Sondre Justad
Sigrid Bonde Tusvik
Andrea Bræin Hovig
Eva Weel Skram
Bjørn Skagestad
Frank Kjosås
Atle Antonsen
Julia Schacht
Anna Bache-Wiig
Espen Klouman Høiner
Rolf Kristian Larsen
Ida Elise Broch
Birgitte Einarsen
Frithjof Wilborn
Henriette Steenstrup
Jørn Hoel
Pål Sverre Valheim Hagen
Tobias Santelmann
Heine Totland
Anette Hoff
Jørgen Langhelle
Benjamin Helstad
References
External links
Official website
Live life on the stage
Schools in Oslo |
Valentin Naboth (also spelled Valentine Naibod or Nabod) (13 February 1523 – 3 March 1593), known by the latinized name Valentinus Nabodus, was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer.
Life and academic career
Valentin Naboth was born in Calau (Niederlausitz) to a formerly Jewish family. He was the younger brother of the Lutheran theologian and author Alexius Naboth. In 1544, Valentin matriculated at the University of Wittenberg. At that time Philipp Melanchthon, Erasmus Reinhold, Johannes Bugenhagen, Paul Eber, and Georg Major taught there. In 1550 he transferred to the University of Erfurt.
Valentin Naboth already held the Baccalaureat when he came from Wittenberg to Erfurt, and certainly had outstanding mathematical abilities. The Faculty council risked turning the courses in Mathematics over to this gifted but troubled Renaissance spirit even though he had not yet completed a Magister degree. That decision was made at the meeting of 16 August 1551, and from then on Naboth taught Mathematics and the beginning astronomy course, the Sphaera materialis. He also taught in the summer semester and winter semester of 1552. There was a plague epidemic, and the courses were shortened; Liborius Mangold taught only rhetoric and Naboth only the Sphaera. The conscientious Liborius Mangold from Warburg, who was Dean, did not seem to get along with the much favored mathematician Naboth, and when the latter even borrowed money from the University for the Magister's examination, Liborius wrote to the Dean's book, that this was "never before seen or heard of" (quod prius nunquam nec visum nec auditum fuit). Valentin Naboth passed the examination. But right after he had received his Magister's degree, he wrote an impertinent letter to the Faculty. Shortly afterwards Liborius Mangold gave up after twelve years as rector of St. Georgsburse and as professor of physics and rhetoric, and accepted an administrative position in his native town of Warburg, and Naboth left as well. Naboth went to the University of Cologne and matriculated there with the ambition to teach mathematics at this major University – which he did.
From 1555 Naboth taught mathematics at the University of Cologne, first privately, and from 1557 to 1564 as the holder of a "City" Professorship of mathematics. He succeeded Justus Velsius, who in 1556, on account of teachings deemed heretical by the Church, was obliged to leave Cologne. Dutch mathematician Rudolph Snellius was one of his students in Cologne. In 1556 he published the first book of Euclid (1556), and then his own mathematical commentary on the Arab astrologer Alchabitius (1560), in which he opposed magic and superstition. In his mathematical work he followed Regiomontanus; but later he preferred Ptolemy – in agreement with Cardanus. He prepared an edition of Ptolemy's Quadripartitum, but that was never published. In his commentary, he thanked the City that they had supported him in the early years, when mathematics was the only discipline not yet integrated into the general University curriculum. If this remark is true, then the official Professorship of Mathematics had in fact only just been established. However, in 1563 Laurentianer Petrus Linner requested that Naboth's lecture be moved to another time, since he himself taught mathematics at his Gymnasium at the very same time. Furthermore, he argued that Naboth lacked a Magister degree from Cologne. And indeed, the Dean decided that henceforth no one could teach a course in the Schola Artium while a lecture was taking place in one of three Gymnasiums. In March 1564 Naboth resigned from his position at the University of Cologne. He visited Paris, where he met Czech humanist Šimon Proxenus ze Sudetu (1532–1575), who introduced him to Petrus Ramus. Afterwards Naboth traveled to Italy, eventually settling in Padua, the center of the mathematical studies of that time, where he taught astronomy. Among his students there was a nephew of Prince Stephen Báthory of Transylvania. He had always been an eccentric, and became even more so.
Work
Naboth was the author of a general textbook on astrology Enarratio elementorum astrologiae. Renowned for calculating the mean annual motion of the Sun, his writings are chiefly devoted to commenting upon Ptolemy and the Arabian astrologers. Naboth teaches the calculation of the movement of the planets according to the Prutenic Tables of Erasmus Reinhold. He advocated a measure of time, by which (the mean daily motion of the Sun in longitude) is equated to 1 year of life in calculating primary directions. This was a refinement of Ptolemy's value of exactly 1 degree per year. This book was banned by the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1573 Naboth published an astronomy textbook for gymnasium students Primarum de coelo et terra, which was dedicated to Stephen Báthory. There can be no doubt that Naboth was working from De revolutionibus orbium coelestium when he wrote this textbook, since in this book he provides schematics of the conventional model of the solar system, Martianus Capella's geo-heliocentric model, as well as Copernicus' heliocentric model. Tycho Brahe owned an early copy of this book, and since this book contains the first schematic representation of Capella's geo-heliocentric model it is likely that this book provided the inspiration for Tycho's geo-heliocentric model. Wittich may also have been influenced by Naboth's book in adopting the Capellan system to explain the motion of the inferior planets, and Kepler may have used this book as well. In this book Naboth introduced the expression world system (systema mundi, mundanum systema, systema universitatis, and also systema coeleste, systema caelorum and systema aethereum), a concept that was later adopted by Tycho, Kepler, and by Galilei as well.
Final years
Naboth came to a bad end. Tommaso Campanella, in a work published in Lyons in 1629, tells the story that Naboth was living in Padua, Italy, when he deduced from his own horoscope that he was about to enter a period of personal danger, so he stockpiled an adequate supply of food and drink, closed his blinds, and locked his doors and windows, intending to stay in hiding until the period of danger had passed. Unfortunately, some robbers, seeing the house closed and the blinds drawn, decided that the resident was absent. They therefore broke into what they thought was an empty house, and, finding Naboth there, murdered him to conceal their identities. Thus he did not escape the fate predicted by his own astrological calculations: "Ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt".
Abraham Sandeck recorded in the Acts of the German Artistennation 1593 the following event: "On the third of March, there happened a tragic incident involving Valentin Naboth of Silesia, sixty years old, a famous mathematician: he was found dead in his study, some ways away from frequently travelled areas, wounded by five wounds: one in the breast under the left nipple, another on his left side, the third in the right abdomen, the fourth under his navel, and the fifth in the left hand."
Selected works
Elementorum Geometricorum liber primus, cui ex sequentibus libris accesserunt Propositiones selectae atque ita ordinatae, ut demonstrari queant observata Geometrarum Methodo, Cologne 1556.
De calculatoria numerorumque natura Sectiones quatuor, Cologne 1556.
Enarratio elementorvm astrologiae in qva praeter Alcabicii, qvi Arabum doctrinam compendio prodidit, expositionem, atq[ue] cum Ptolemaei principijs collationem, reiectis sortilegijs & absurdis vulgoq[ue] receptis opinionibus, de verae artis praeceptorum origine & usu satis disseritur, Cologne 1560.
Primarum de coelo et terra institutionum quotidianarumque mundi revolutionum, libri tres, Venice (1573)
Astronomicarum institutionum libri III, quibus doctrinae sphaericae elementa methodo nova, facili et ad captum tyronum aptissima traduntur, Venice (1580)
De annui temporis mensura in Directionibus and De Directionibus, published by Giovanni Antonio Magini in De astrologica ratione, Venice (1607)
Notes
References
Further reading
Merlo, J. J., " Naibod, Valentin", in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 23 (1886), S. 242–243
page 168
External links
1523 births
1593 deaths
16th-century German astronomers
16th-century German male writers
16th-century German mathematicians
16th-century German writers
16th-century writers in Latin
Academic staff of the University of Cologne
Christian astrologers
German astrologers
German astrological writers
German people of Jewish descent
German Renaissance humanists
People from Calau |
Clermont Foot 63 (Occitan: Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe; commonly referred to as Clermont Foot or simply Clermont) is a French professional football club based in Clermont-Ferrand, France. As of the 2023–24 season, it competes in Ligue 1. The first incarnation of the club was formed in 1911 and the current club was created in 1990 as a result of a merger.
The club plays its home matches at the Stade Gabriel-Montpied located within the city. Between 2014 and 2017, Clermont was managed by Corinne Diacre, the first woman to manage a men's professional football team. In 2021, the club achieved promotion to Ligue 1 for the first time in its history.
History
The club started in 1911 under the name Stade Clermontois. Despite little league success in the early days, they reached the semi-finals of the Coupe de France during the 1945–46 season. Their professional status was repealed after the 1946–47 season due to financial difficulties. The club became professional again in 1966. 1984 saw an expansion, with Stade-Clermontois and AS Montferrand merging to form Clermont-Ferrand Football Club (CFC). The club was placed in the third division.
The club was later renamed Clermont Foot Auvergne, having to start again in the Division Honneur. After 13 years, Clermont Foot got promoted multiple times, from the Division Honneur up to Ligue 2 in 1993. During these 13 years of success, the club had numerous successes in the Coupe de France. One notable cup run was in 1997, when the Auvergne club eliminated three professional sides, Martigues, Lorient and then Paris Saint-Germain, before succumbing to Nice.
The club won the Championnat National in 2007, being promoted to Ligue 2 again, from which they had been relegated in 2006.
In 2014, Clermont became the first French professional men's team to appoint a female manager when they appointed Helena Costa. Less than a month after taking charge, Costa quit her role, and was replaced by another woman, Corinne Diacre, who would go on to train the French women's team.
Clermont were promoted to Ligue 1 for the 2021–22 season for the first time in their history, having achieved promotion to the league after finishing second in the 2020–21 edition of Ligue 2.
Honours
Championnat National
Winners: 2001–02, 2006–07
Players
Current squad
Out on loan
Retired numbers
14 - Clément Pinault, defender (2008–09) – posthumous honour
Notable former players
''For a list of former Clermont Foot players, see :Category:Clermont Foot players.
Club officials
Coaches
Albert Rust (2000–01)
Hubert Velud (2001–04)
Olivier Chavanon (2004–05)
Dominique Bijotat (2005)
Marc Collat (2005–06)
Didier Ollé-Nicolle (2006–09)
Michel Der Zakarian (2009–12)
Régis Brouard (2012–14)
Helena Costa (7 May 2014 – 24 June 2014)
Corinne Diacre (28 June 2014 – 30 August 2017)
Pascal Gastien (1 September 2017 –)
References
Association football clubs established in 1911
1911 establishments in France
Football clubs in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Sport in Clermont-Ferrand
Ligue 1 clubs |
Julius Christensen (6 December 1840 – 19 October 1923) was a Norwegian doctor and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Sandefjord as a son of ship-owner and merchant Søren Lorents Christensen (1810–1862) and Othilie Juliane Kruge (1820–1903). He was the elder brother of military officer Sophus Christensen and whaler Christen Christensen, and through the latter an uncle of Lars Christensen.
He started his working career at sea, and took the shipmate examination. In 1862 he returned to land, finishing his secondary education in 1864. He enrolled at the Royal Frederick University where he graduated from with the cand.med. degree in 1871. He studied abroad for one year, mostly in Vienna. In September 1871 he married governess and later cookbook pioneer Dorothea von der Lippe Frost, settling in Sandefjord as a private doctor. He remained here for the rest of his career, he was also a doctor during the Jarlsberg Line construction (1878–1882) as well as savings bank director from 1880.
He was a member of Sandar municipal council from 1880 to 1884, then mayor of Sandefjord from 1894 to 1897. In the 1906 Norwegian parliamentary election he was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the constituency Larvik og Sandefjord. In the 1907 Norwegian local elections he again became mayor of Sandefjord, this time serving until 1910. He was elected to another term as deputy representative to Parliament for the term 1913–1915.
He was the father of the doctor Reidar Gording and paternal grandfather of Elisabeth Gording. He died in October 1923.
References
1840 births
1923 deaths
People from Sandefjord
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian general practitioners
Mayors of places in Vestfold
Deputy members of the Storting
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians |
John Henry Clavell Smythe MBE (1915–1996) was a Royal Air Force officer during World War II and a figure in Sierra Leone. He was born a Sierra Leone Creole into the British Empire and served as a navigation officer in the Royal Air Force. He was shot down over Nazi Germany and spent two years as a prisoner of war. After liberation and return to Britain, he was a huge role model to those in the beginning of the Windrush Generation. He retrained as a lawyer, returned to his birthplace, and served as Attorney General of Sierra Leone.
Early life and family background
Johnny Smythe was born in 1915 in Freetown, Sierra Leone to a Creole family, a grandson of John H. Smythe, American ambassador to Liberia. Johnny Smythe attended the Sierra Leone Grammar School and subsequently worked as a clerk for the city council.
Military service
Smythe was one of the few West Africans to serve in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. On 14 May 1943, he received an emergency commission as a pilot officer in the RAFVR, and was promoted war-substantive flying officer six months later. After 26 successful bombing missions which earned him a reputation for being lucky, as the No. 623 Squadron RAF Short Stirling aircraft he flew in were hit several times but always managed to return, he was shot down and spent 18 months as a prisoner of war in Stalag Luft I camp.
On 14 May 1945, a week after the war ended, Smythe was promoted war-substantive flight lieutenant in the RAFVR, receiving a regular commission as a flight lieutenant in the RAF on 9 May 1947 (seniority from 14 November 1947).
After the war, Smythe joined the Colonial Office, with responsibility for the welfare of demobilised RAF personnel from Africa and the Caribbean. In 1948 he became the senior Colonial Office official on the Empire Windrush, a captured German troop ship taking former military personnel back to their homes in the Caribbean. On discovering that it would be very hard for the men to find jobs in Jamaica, Smythe consulted the Colonial Office, which agreed that the men should return to Britain. West Indians who settled in Britain from that point became known as the Windrush generation. For his services, Smythe was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (MBE) in the 1951 Birthday Honours. He ended his active service in the RAF in June 1951, transferring to the reserves.
Later career
After Smythe twice successfully defended men facing courts martial, despite having no legal training, a judge suggested that he take up a career in law and provided a letter of introduction. He qualified as a barrister and returned to Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital, where he was appointed a Queen's Counsel and eventually became Attorney General.
On an official visit to the United States, Smythe was invited to the White House by President John F. Kennedy. Both Smythe and Kennedy had back pain because of injuries sustained during the Second World War, and Kennedy recommended that Smythe consult his own chiropractor.
At a social occasion in Freetown, Smythe was talking to the German Ambassador. In the course of conversation, the ambassador revealed that he had been a fighter pilot who shot down his first British bomber on the date and in the place where Smythe had been shot down.
Legacy
Smythe's achievements and contributions have been widely recognized in different world war records. In 2022, there was a docudrama made in honor of him in a film entitled Flying For Britain in partnership with the Royal Air Force Museum and National Heritage Fund. Actor Ricardo P Lloyd portrays him in the film.
References
https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/smythe-john-henry-1915-1996/
https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80033149
https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/discover/sierra-leone-stalag-luft-i-remembering-johnny-smythe
1915 births
1996 deaths
20th-century Sierra Leonean lawyers
People of Sierra Leone Creole descent
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Members of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century King's Counsel
Attorneys-general of Sierra Leone
People from Freetown
British World War II prisoners of war
Shot-down aviators
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Sierra Leonean military personnel |
List of Phacelia species. This plant genus is in the family Boraginaceae, basal in one of the 2 main euasterid lineages, as per Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It is usually placed in the Hydrophylloideae subfamily.
This is a list of binomial names, including both accepted species and synonyms.
Source: Index Kewensis (at IPNI) and ITIS.
A
Phacelia acanthominthoides Elmer
Phacelia acaulis Brand
Phacelia adenophora Howell
Phacelia adspersa Brand
Phacelia affinis A.Gray
Phacelia alba Rydb.
Phacelia aldea R.Br. ex Sweet
Phacelia alpina Rydb.
Phacelia altotonga B.L.Turner
Phacelia alvordensis M.E.Jones
Phacelia amabilis Constance
Phacelia ambigua M.E.Jones
Phacelia anelsonii Macbride
Phacelia arenicola Brandegee
Phacelia argentea A.Nelson & Macbride
Phacelia argillacea Atwood
Phacelia arizonica A.Gray
Phacelia artemisioides Griseb.
Phacelia arthuri Greene
Phacelia austromontana Howell
B
Phacelia bakeri Macbride
Phacelia barnebyana Howell
Phacelia beatleyae Reveal & Constance
Phacelia bicknellii Small
Phacelia bicolor Torr. ex S.Wats.
Phacelia biennis A.Nelson
Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx.
Phacelia bolanderi - Bolander's phacelia, Bolander's scorpionweed, Blue-flowered grape-leaf, caterpillar flower
Phacelia boliviana Brand
Phacelia bombycina Wooton & Standl.
Phacelia boykinii Small
Phacelia brachyantha Benth.
Phacelia brachyloba A.Gray
Phacelia brachystemon Kunze ex Brand
Phacelia brannani Kellogg
Phacelia brevistylis Buckl.
Phacelia breweri A.Gray - Brewer's phacelia
Phacelia burkei Rydb.
C
Phacelia caerulea Greene
Phacelia californica Cham.
Phacelia calthifolia - Caltha-leaved phacelia
Phacelia campanularia - California bluebell
Phacelia campestris A.Nelson
Phacelia canescens Nutt.
Phacelia capitata Kruckeb.
Phacelia carmenensis B.L.Turner
Phacelia cedrosensis J.N.Rose
Phacelia cephalotes A.Gray
Phacelia cicutaria - caterpillar phacelia, caterpillar scorpionweed; includes P. hispida A.Gray
Phacelia ciliata Benth.
Phacelia ciliosa Rydb.
Phacelia cinerea Eastwood ex Macbride
Phacelia circinata Jacq.f.
Phacelia circinatiformis A.Gray
Phacelia clinopodioides Bert.
Phacelia conferta G.Don
Phacelia congdonii Greene
Phacelia congesta Hook.
Phacelia constancei Atwood
Phacelia cookei Constance & Heckard
Phacelia cooperae A.Gray
Phacelia cordifolia S.Wats. ex Brand
Phacelia corrugata A.Nelson
Phacelia corymbosa Jepson
Phacelia coulteri Greenm.
Phacelia covillei S.Watson
Phacelia crassifolia Parry or Torr. ex S.Wats.
Phacelia crenulata - notch-leaved phacelia
Phacelia cronquistiana S.L.Welsh
Phacelia cryptantha Greene
Phacelia cumingii A.Gray
Phacelia curvipes Torr. ex S.Wats.
D
Phacelia dalesiana Howell
Phacelia davidsonii A.Gray
Phacelia demissa A.Gray
Phacelia denticulata Osterh.
Phacelia dissecta Small
Phacelia distans Benth. - blue phacelia
Phacelia divaricata (Benth.) A.Gray
Phacelia dociana Jepson & Hoover
Phacelia douglasii Torr.
Phacelia dubia Trel. ex Trel., Branner & Coville
E
Phacelia egena (Greene ex Brand) Greene ex J.T. Howell
Phacelia eisenii Brandegee
Phacelia endiplus Steud.
Phacelia eremica Jepson
Phacelia exilis (Gray) G.J.Lee
Phacelia eximia Eastw.
F
Phacelia fallax Fernald
Phacelia filiae N.D.Atwood, F.J.Sm. & T.A.Knight
Phacelia filiformis Brand
Phacelia fimbriata - fringed phacelia
Phacelia firmomarginata A.Nelson
Phacelia flaccida Elmer
Phacelia floribunda Greene
Phacelia foliosa Phil.
Phacelia foliosepala A.Nelson & Macbride
Phacelia formosula Osterh.
Phacelia franklinii A.Gray - Franklin's phacelia
Phacelia fremontii - Fremont phacelia
Phacelia furcata Dougl. ex Hook.
G
Phacelia gentryi Constance
Phacelia geraniifolia Brand
Phacelia gilioides Brand
Phacelia glaberrima (Torr.ex S.Wats.)Howell
Phacelia glabra Nutt.
Phacelia glandulifera Piper
Phacelia glandulosa Nutt.
Phacelia glechomaefolia A.Gray
Phacelia grandiflora A.Gray
Phacelia greenei Howell
Phacelia grisea A.Gray
Phacelia gymnoclada Torr. ex S.Wats.
Phacelia gypsogenia I.M.Johnst.
H
Phacelia hardhamae Munz
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. - silverleaf scorpionweed
Phacelia heterophylla Pursh
Phacelia hintoniorum B.L.Turner
Phacelia hirsuta Nutt.
Phacelia hirtuosa A.Gray
Phacelia hossei Brand
Phacelia howelliana Atwood
Phacelia howellii Macbride
Phacelia humilis Torr ex Gray - low scorpionweed
Phacelia hydrophylloides Torr. ex A.Gray
I
Phacelia idahoensis L.F.Hend.
Phacelia imbricata Greene
Phacelia incana Brand.
Phacelia inconspicua Greene.
Phacelia indecora Howell
Phacelia infundibuliformis Torr.
Phacelia insularis Munz
Phacelia integrifolia Torr.
Phacelia inundata Howell
Phacelia invenusta A.Gray
Phacelia inyoensis (Macbride) Howell
Phacelia irritans Brand
Phacelia ivesiana Torr.
Phacelia ixodes Kellogg
K
Phacelia knighti A.Nelson
L
Phacelia laxa Small
Phacelia laxiflora Howell
Phacelia leibergii Brand
Phacelia lemmonii A.Gray
Phacelia lenta Piper
Phacelia leonis Howell
Phacelia leptosepala Rydb. - narrowsepal scorpionweed
Phacelia leptostachya Greene
Phacelia leucantha Lemmon ex Greene
Phacelia linearis Holzinger - linearleaf scorpionweed
Phacelia longipes Torr. ex A.Gray
Phacelia lutea (Hook. & Arn.)Howell
Phacelia luteopurpurea A.Nelson
Phacelia lyallii Rydb. - Lyall's phacelia
Phacelia lyonii (A.Gray) Rydb.
M
Phacelia maculata Wood
Phacelia malvifolia Cham. & Schlecht.
Phacelia mammillarensis Atwood
Phacelia marcescens Eastwood ex Macbride
Phacelia marshall-johnstonii N.D.Atwood & D.J.Pinkava
Phacelia minor - Whitlavia
Phacelia minutissima Hend.
Phacelia mohavensis A.Gray
Phacelia mollis Macbride - Coffee Creek scorpionweed
Phacelia monoensis R.R.Halse
Phacelia monosperma A.Nelson
Phacelia mustelina Coville
Phacelia mutabilis Greene
N
Phacelia namatoides A.Gray
Phacelia nana Wedd.
Phacelia nashiana Jepson
Phacelia neffii B.L.Turner
Phacelia neglecta M.E.Jones
Phacelia nemoralis Greene.
Phacelia neomexicana Thurb. ex Torr.
Phacelia novenmillensis Munz
Phacelia nudicaulis Eastwood
O
Phacelia orbiculatis Rydb.
Phacelia orcuttiana A.Gray
Phacelia orogenes Brand
P
Phacelia pachyphylla A.Gray
Phacelia pallida I.M.Johnst.
Phacelia palmeri Torr. ex S.Wats.
Phacelia parishii A.Gray
Phacelia parryi Torr.
Phacelia parviflora Phil. or Pursh
Phacelia patuliflora A.Gray
Phacelia pauciflora S.Watson
Phacelia peckii Howell
Phacelia pedicellata A.Gray
Phacelia peirsoniana Howell
Phacelia perityloides Coville
Phacelia peruviana Spreng.
Phacelia petiolata I.M.Johnst.
Phacelia petrosa N.D.Atwood, F.J.Sm. & T.A.Knight
Phacelia phacelioides Brand - Mt. Diablo phacelia
Phacelia phyllomanica A.Gray
Phacelia piersoniae L.Williams
Phacelia pinnata Macbride
Phacelia pinnatifida Griseb. ex Wedd.
Phacelia platycarpa Spreng.
Phacelia platyloba A.Gray
Phacelia polysperma Brand
Phacelia popei Torr. & Gray
Phacelia potosina B.L.Turner
Phacelia pringlei A.Gray
Phacelia procera A.Gray
Phacelia prunellaefolia Bertero ex Brand
Phacelia pulchella A.Gray
Phacelia pulcherrima Constance
Phacelia purpusii Brandegee
Phacelia purshii - Miami mist
Q
Phacelia quickii Howell
R
Phacelia racemosa A.Heller
Phacelia rafaelensis Atwood
Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. ex Lehm. - branching scorpionweed
Phacelia ranunculacea (Nutt.)Constance
Phacelia rattanii A.Gray
Phacelia robusta (Macbride) I.M.Johnst.
Phacelia rotundifolia Torr. ex S.Wats.
Phacelia rudis Dougl. ex A.DC.
Phacelia rugulosa Lemmon. ex Greene
Phacelia rupestris Greene
S
Phacelia salina (A.Nelson) Howell
Phacelia sanzini Hicken
Phacelia saxicola A.Gray
Phacelia scariosa Brandegee
Phacelia scopulina (A.Nelson)Howell
Phacelia secunda J.F.Gmel.
Phacelia sericea A.Gray - silky scorpionweed
Phacelia serrata J.W.Voss
Phacelia setigera Phil.
Phacelia sinuata Phil.
Phacelia splendens Eastwood
Phacelia stebbinsii Constance & Heckard
Phacelia stellaris Brand
Phacelia stimulans Eastw.
Phacelia strictiflora A.Gray
Phacelia suaveolens Greene
Phacelia submutica Howell
T
Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.
Phacelia tenuifolia Harv. ex Torr.
Phacelia tetramera Howell
Phacelia thermalis Greene
Phacelia trichostemoides Greene ex Brand
Phacelia trifoliata Gand.
Phacelia tripinnata Hort. ex Fisch. Mey. & Ave-Lall.
U
Phacelia umbrosa Greene
Phacelia utahensis J.W.Voss
V
Phacelia vallicola Congdon ex Brand
Phacelia vallis-mortae J.Voss
Phacelia verna Howell
Phacelia villosa Phil.
Phacelia vinifolia Paxt.
Phacelia violacea Brand
Phacelia viscida Torr.
Phacelia vitifolia Steud.
Phacelia vossii Atwood
W
Phacelia welshii Atwood
Phacelia whitlavia A.Gray
Z
Phacelia zaragozana B.L.Turner
External links
Phacelia |
RSS Vigour (92) is the fifth ship of the Victory-class corvette of the Republic of Singapore Navy.
Construction and career
Vigour was launched on 1 December 1989 by ST Engineering and was commissioned on 25 May 1991.
CARAT 2009
On 15 June 2009, RSS Intrepid, RSS Conqueror, RSS Vigour, RSS Victory, RSS Stalwart, RSS Endeavour, USS Harpers Ferry, USS Chafee and USS Chung-Hoon participated in the joint exercise in the South China Sea.
CARAT 2011
RSS Vigour, RSS Stalwart and RSS Supreme conducted a joint exercise with USS Chung-Hoon on 23 August 2011.
MH370 Search and Rescue, 2014
RSS Vigour was deployed to conduct the search and rescue operation for the missing MH370, alongside two additional C-130 aircraft, a Formidable-class frigate (RSS Steadfast) with a Sikorsky S-70B naval helicopter onboard.
Exercise PELICAN 2019
The Republic of Singapore Navy and The Royal Brunei Navy held an exercise which consists of RSS Tenacious, RSS Valour, RSS Vigour, KDB Darussalam, KDB Darulehsan and KDB Darulaman. All Republic of Singapore Navy ships left on 7 November 2019.
Exercise CARAT 2021
The Republic of Singapore Navy and The United States Navy conducted a joint ASEAN-USN exercise in the Philippine Sea. Other ships in attendance are KDB Daruttaqwa, KD Lekiu, KRI Martadinata, UMS Kyansitta and HTMS Kraburi
References
== External links ==
1989 ships
Ships built in Singapore
Victory-class corvettes |
In baseball statistics, a putout (denoted by PO or fly out when appropriate) is given to a defensive player who records an out by tagging a runner with the ball when he is not touching a base, catching a batted or thrown ball and tagging a base to put out a batter or runner (a force out), catching a thrown ball and tagging a base to record an out on an appeal play, catching a third strike (a strikeout), catching a batted ball on the fly (a fly out), or being positioned closest to a runner called out for interference. An outfielder (OF) is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball farthest from the batter, who are identified as the left fielder (LF), the center fielder (CF), and the right fielder (RF). An outfielder's duty is to try to catch long-fly balls before they hit the ground or to quickly catch or retrieve and return to the infield any other balls entering the outfield. Outfielders normally play behind the six other members of the defense who play in or near the infield; unlike catchers and most infielders (excepting first basemen), who are virtually exclusively right-handed, outfielders can be either right- or left-handed. In the scoring system used to record defensive plays, the outfielders are assigned the numbers 7 (left field), 8 (center field), and 9 (right field).
The overwhelming majority of putouts recorded by outfielders, almost to exclusivity, result from catching fly balls. However, in extraordinary circumstances, an outfielder may record a putout by receiving a throw to force out or tag out a runner while covering a base if one or more infielders are out of position to retrieve an errant throw, or by tagging a runner stranded between bases in a rundown play; however, even in such circumstances, outfielders will more typically act as a backup to infielders than cover a base themselves. Historically, putout totals for outfielders rose after 1920 with the end of the dead-ball era; the same circumstances which had kept home run totals low, such as overused baseballs and legal adulterations including the spitball, had similarly hindered the type of power hitting which lent itself to long fly balls. But as strikeout totals have risen in baseball in recent decades, the frequency of other defensive outs including flyouts has declined; as a result, putout totals for outfielders have likewise declined. Through the 2022 season, all but eight of the top 76 single-season outfield putout totals were recorded between 1920 and 1988; only one of the top 498 totals was recorded before 1912.
Because game accounts and box scores often did not distinguish between the outfield positions, there has been some difficulty in determining precise defensive statistics prior to 1901; because of this, and because of the similarity in their roles, defensive statistics for the three positions are frequently combined. Because they are expected to cover more territory in the outfield than their counterparts on either side, often being the fastest player of the three, center fielders typically record the highest putout totals; due to the frequency of fly balls, center fielders typically record more putouts than other players, except for catchers and first basemen, who record higher totals due to the frequency of strikeouts and ground outs respectively. 6 of the top 7 career leaders in outfield putouts, and 14 of the top 18, were center fielders. Willie Mays is the all-time leader in career putouts as an outfielder with 7,095; he is the only outfielder to record more than 7,000 career putouts. Tris Speaker (6,788), Rickey Henderson (6,468), Max Carey (6,363), Ty Cobb (6,361), and Richie Ashburn (6,089) are the only other outfielders to record more than 6,000 career putouts. Andrew McCutchen, who had 3,675 putouts through the 2022 season to place him 106th all-time, is the leader among active players.
Key
List
Other Hall of Famers
References
External links
Major League Baseball statistics
Putouts as an outfielder |
Vera Mlangazua Chirwa (born 1932) is a Malawian born lawyer and human and civil rights activist. She was Malawi's first female lawyer and a founding member of the Malawi Congress Party and the Nyasaland African Women's League. She fought for multiparty democratic rule in Malawi and was charged with treason, tried and sentenced to death by President Kamuzu Banda. She spent 12 years on death row. She was married to lawyer Orton Chirwa, Malawian Minister of Justice and Attorney General, who later died in prison.
Early life
Vera Chirwa was born in Malawi (then Nyasaland) in 1932.
Political career
In the early 1950s, Vera Chirwa joined forces with Rose Chibambo to form the Nyasaland African Women's League, which worked with the Nyasaland African Congress to gain Nyasaland's separation from the unpopular Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
She became Nyasaland's first female lawyer, and was a founding member of the Malawi Congress Party in 1959.
After Nyasaland gained self-government in 1961 and became the independent state of Malawi two years later, Orton Chirwa, Vera's husband, became a senior figure in the new government as Minister of Justice and Attorney General.
After having a falling out with Kamuzu Banda, Chirwa and her husband were declared enemies of the state.
Exile and capture
The couple were forced into exile in Tanzania a few weeks later by Banda. They lived in Tanzania, but traveled to Zambia, Great Britain and the United States of America.
On Christmas Eve 1981, Vera and Orton Chirwa were kidnapped in the East of Zambia by Malawi security forces and taken back to Malawi to face charges of high treason.
Trial
The Chirwas were tried by a “traditional” court. Both lawyers, conducted their own defense, as traditional courts did not allow defence lawyers in a trial lasting two months in front of judges appointed by Dr. Banda. This case of demonstrated the deficiencies in the system. At the end of their appeal in 1983, the minority of the appellate judges that had legal training opposed the guilty verdict, but it was overruled by the majority composed of traditional chiefs. On the day of the trial Vera defiantly raised her hand to speak and looking the magistrate straight in the eye asked him on what grounds they were accused. Questioning the court was forbidden and the response she received was, "Nothing but you are culprit!".
At their trial, the Chirwas claimed that they had been abducted from Zambia in December 1981. This, and the charge that they had conspired to overthrow the government outside Malawi, should have meant that the Traditional courts had no jurisdiction. The case could still have been heard in Malawi's High Court, but that court required proof of guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The treason case heard against the Chirwas by the Southern Region Traditional Court in 1983 was based on handwritten documents said to have been found in a bag belonging to Vera when she was arrested, and a police officer's “expert” testimony that they were indeed in Orton Chirwa's handwriting. An unsigned statement said to have been made by Orton Chirwa, but repudiated by him, and a transcript said to have been made of a taped interview he had given were also admitted as evidence. This evidence, dubious as it was, was evidence only against Orton Chirwa, not Vera. The only case against her was that the documents were said to have been found in her bag, which she denied. The Chirwas were not allowed to call witnesses from outside Malawi and were both sentenced to death. After the trial, the couple were taken to the central prison in Zomba. According to Chirwa, "En route we forgave the people who gave false testimonies, the judges and even the President." It was the last time she and her husband traveled together.
On the Chirwas' appeal to the National Traditional Court of Appeal, the refusal of the lower court to allow defence witnesses, its admission of Orton Chirwa's unsigned statement and its acceptance of a police officer as an expert witness were all criticised, and minority of the judges did not accept that his creation of an unpublished handwritten documents amounted to treason. However the appeal court came to the startling conclusion that, even if the Traditional courts had no jurisdiction in law, they had a traditional right to try the Chirwas, and that (despite the deficiencies in the lower court's handling of the case), their decision was correct and should stand. The death sentences were commuted, but Orton Chirwa later died in prison.
Imprisonment and release
Conditions in the female ward were tough. Chirwa was subjected to torture and other forms of brutality. She slept on the cement floor, refused to eat the vile food, and was denied visitors, letters from her husband and the right to go outside. She remained in prison on death row for 12 years but remained hopeful for release. She credits her Christian faith for enabling her to keep hope and faith.
In 1990 Amnesty International launched an urgent action to release Orton and Vera Chirwa. In autumn 1992, when a delegation of British legal experts was allowed to pay them a visit, the Chirwas were allowed to see one another again for the first time in 8 years. Orton died in his cell 3 weeks later at the age of 73. Chirwa was not able to attend the funeral.
Banda pardoned her for "humanitarian reasons", and she was released on January 24, 1993 when the country was transitioning to a multi-party state following the end of Banda's rule.
Current career
Human rights activism
In 2000, she was made the Special Reporter on prison conditions in Africa for the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. She also founded the NGO Malawi Centre for Advice, Research and Education on Rights (Malawi CARER) and heads this organization. She campaigned for an end of the death penalty. She continued her fight for human and political rights under the Bakili Muluzi and the Bingu wa Mutharika governments. She also works for Women's Voice, a gender rights organization.
Political activism
Chirwa continues to fight for political rights and has attempted to stand as an independent candidate for president, a challenging task in a country with a party system for someone who is not an established politician.
Vera Chirwa Human Rights Award
The Vera Chirwa Human Rights award is awarded by the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria in South Africa to an individual "who best epitomises the true African human rights lawyer" and has "made an outstanding contribution to the protection and promotion of human rights in Africa." Recipients are alumni of the Master of Laws programs in Human Rights and Democratization at the University of Pretoria. In 2006 when Chtrwa center received UNESCO Prize , Vera Chirwa human rights award was established.
Previous winners of the prize are:
2019: Judge Lydia Mugambe-Ssali (Uganda)
2019 Journalist Joojo Cobbinah (Ghana)
2017: Melanie Smuts (South Africa) and Musu Bakoto Sawo (The Gambia)
2015: Prof Christopher Mbazira (Uganda) and Ms Salima Namusobya (Uganda)
2014: Ms Leda Hasila Limann (Ghana)
2013: Mr Augustin Kounkiné Somé (Burkina Faso)
2012: Dr Lilian Chenwi (Cameroon)
2012: Ms Monica Mbaru (Kenya)
2011: Mr Thulani Maseko (Swaziland)
2010: Mr Yoseph Mulugeta (Ethiopia)
2009: Mr Gabriel Shumba (Zimbabwe)
2008: Mr Julius Osega (Uganda) (posthumously)
2007: Ms Nana Oye Lithur(Ghana)
2006: Mr Melron Nicol-Wilson (Sierra Leone, LLM in Human Rights and Constitutional Practice, 1998)
Publications
Fearless Fighter, autobiography(McMillan Publishing) - 2007
See also
First women lawyers around the world
References
1932 births
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Malawi
Malawian human rights activists
Malawian women lawyers
20th-century Malawian lawyers
Malawian women in politics
Living people
Malawian prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Malawi
People convicted of treason
Recipients of Malawian presidential pardons
20th-century Malawian politicians
20th-century women lawyers |
Terms and Conditions May Apply is a 2013 documentary film that addresses how corporations and the government utilize the information that users provide when agreeing to browse a website, install an application, or purchase goods online. In the film, director/narrator Cullen Hoback discusses the language employed in user-service agreements and how online service providers collect and use users' and customers' information.
The film criticizes companies such as Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn for having poorly worded and misguiding privacy policies/terms of service, which use user-unfriendly language in long documents and allows the companies to collect user information and legally provide it to third-parties. The film aims to warn people about the risks of clicking "I Agree" after scrolling through pages of uninviting text.
Mark Zuckerberg appears in the film.
Interviewees
In alphabetical order:
Reception
The film received a very mixed review at RogerEbert.com, stating among other things; "Hoback's lack of focus is compounded by his tendency to rely on speakers who talk in generalizations."The Los Angeles Times, on the other hand, explained that "In the brave new world of big data, humor has no value — and privacy is on the extinction watch list."
References
External
at tacma.net
2013 films
2013 documentary films
Documentary films about the Internet
Documentary films about law
Variance Films films
Terms of service
2010s English-language films
English-language documentary films |
Turlock Lake State Recreation Area is a regional park and recreation area at Turlock Reservoir in Stanislaus County, central California, United States.
Geography
The park is in the San Joaquin Valley foothills at in elevation, on the south side of the Tuolumne River and along the north shore of Turlock Lake. It is part of the California State Parks system.
It is located near La Grange, east of the city of Modesto, and east of U.S. Route 99 and Turlock.
The recreation area features Turlock Lake with its of shoreline and the surrounding foothill country leased from the Turlock Irrigation District in 1950.
Recreation
Recreation activities in the park include fishing, swimming, boating, and water skiing in Turlock Lake; picnicking; birdwatching; bicycling; hiking; and camping. There are also boat launch ramps. The day use areas are open from 8:00 AM to sunset.
The park offers visitors an example of the diverse variety of riparian zone native plants that once flourished alongside the rivers across the San Joaquin Valley.
There is a $12 day use fee to enter Turlock Lake State Recreation Area.
The campground is spread over , shaded by large trees along the Tuolumne River.
See also
Nearby state parks
Great Valley Grasslands State Park
George J. Hatfield State Recreation Area
McConnell State Recreation Area
References
External links
Parks.ca.gov: official Turlock Lake State Recreation Area website
Parks.ca.gov: Turlock Lake State Recreation Area Brochure — maps, history, and natural features
The Four Rivers Association — funds and supports educational and resource projects and programs in San Joaquin Valley state parks
California State Recreation Areas
Parks in Stanislaus County, California
Parks in the San Joaquin Valley
Reservoirs in Stanislaus County, California
Tuolumne River
Campgrounds in California
Protected areas established in 1950
1950 establishments in California
Reservoirs in California |
Anderson Gomes dos Santos (born March 12, 1985 – May 12, 2017) was a Brazilian professional baseball player.
Career
Gomes was signed by the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks as a pitcher. He never made it to Nippon Pro Baseball, as an arm injury ended his pitching career. The Hawks released him in 2005.
Gomes became an outfielder and was then signed by the Chicago White Sox. He split 2006 between the Kannapolis Intimidators (.250/.312/.382 in 80 games) and the Winston-Salem Warthogs (.205/.291/.348 in 34 games). He was picked for the All-Star Futures Game.
Gomes batted .300/.370/.442 in 79 games in 2007 for Kannapolis. Had he qualified, he would have ranked 4th in the Carolina League in batting average. He was 3 for 10 with 2 doubles, 2 walks, 2 steals, a run and a RBI in the 2007 Pan American Games to lead the host team in slugging percentage.
References
External links
1985 births
Baseball players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Brazil
Baseball pitchers
Baseball outfielders
Brazilian expatriate baseball players in Japan
Brazilian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Kannapolis Intimidators players
Living people
Winston-Salem Warthogs players
Sportspeople from Paraná (state) |
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Dokuchaev () is a Russian convicted cyber criminal and a former intelligence officer of the Federal Security Service (FSB), the principal security agency of Russia. In April 2019, he was sentenced to six years in prison for treason.
Early career
From 2004 until at least 2011, Dokuchaev contributed to a Russian computer hacking magazine under the moniker "Forb."
FSB employment
At the end of 2006, Dokuchaev had begun working for the FSB in Yekaterinburg, reportedly in order to avoid prison time due to credit card and data theft offenses. The following year, he was transferred to Moscow.
In 2011, Dokuchaev had reportedly begun acting as an intermediary between his boss, Sergei Mikhailov (FSB), and Kaspersky Lab employee, Ruslan Stoyanov, ultimately causing operational information about ChronoPay CEO, Pavel Vrublevsky, to be passed outside of Russia.
Beginning in December 2014, Dokuchaev had allegedly begun directing criminal hackers to obtain access to and collect information from the email accounts of thousands of Yahoo! users.
In early 2016, Dokuchaev and Mikhailov had reportedly begun recruiting the services of Vladimir Anikeyev, the ringleader of Shaltai Boltai.
In the fall of 2016, Dokuchaev was reportedly part of an effort to lure Anikeyev back into Russia.
Arrest in Russia
Dokuchaev was arrested in December 2016.
His arrest was first announced on January 26, 2017.
U.S. indictment
In March 2017, Dokuchaev was indicted by the U.S. Department of Justice for his alleged role in the 2014 Yahoo! data breaches.
Conviction in Russia
In February 2019, Dokuchaev agreed to sign a plea bargain with Russian authorities. In April 2019, he was sentenced to six years in prison for treason.
References
1984 births
Living people
Russian computer criminals |
Burned Bridges/I'm Giving Up on This One is a split EP between American bands The Get Up Kids and Coalesce. The album was released on colored vinyl in 1996 on Second Nature Recordings. There were 13 different pressings of the album, with each pressing on different colored vinyl. The album is unique in that each band picked one of the other band's songs to cover in their own style. The Get Up Kids covered the song "Harvest of Maturity" from Coalesce's self-titled debut album, and Coalesce covered "Second Place" from The Get Up Kids' Woodson EP. The album was recorded at Red House Studios in Eudora, Kansas and produced by Ed Rose, who would also go on to produce several other albums by both bands.
Track listing
Additional releases
The Get Up Kids re-released "Burned Bridges" on their B-sides collection Eudora.
Coalesce re-released "I'm Giving Up on This One" on the 2007 re-release of their album There Is Nothing New Under the Sun.
Personnel
The Get Up Kids
Matt Pryor – vocals, guitar
Jim Suptic – guitar, backing vocals
Rob Pope – bass
Ryan Pope – drums
Coalesce
Sean Ingram – vocals
James Dewees – drums
Stacy Hilt – bass
Jes Steineger – guitar
References
Coalesce (band) albums
The Get Up Kids EPs
Split EPs
1996 EPs |
The 2021–22 Senior Women's National Football Championship, also known as Hero Senior Women's National Football Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the 26th edition of the Senior Women's National Football Championship, the premier competition in India for women's teams representing regional and state football associations. The tournament was hosted in Kerala, between 28 November and 9 December 2021.
Manipur, the defending champions retained the title after beating Railways 2–1`in the penalty shootout in the final. Tamil Nadu's Sandhiya Ranganathan, with 12 goals, was the highest scorer of the tournament, while Manipur's goalkeeper Okram Roshini Devi won the best goalkeeper award.
Format
32 teams competed in the tournament and were split into eight groups of four teams each in the preliminary round.
Round dates
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Bracket
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
Awards
References
External links
Senior Women's National Football Championship on the AIFF website
Senior Women's National Football Championship
2021–22 in Indian football
Sport in Kerala |
Bronte Lagoon is a lake that was created by Hydro Tasmania in the 1950s along with Bradys Lake, Lake Binney and Tungatinah Lagoon as water storages for the Tungatinah Power Station on the Nive River.
It is located in the Central Highlands of Tasmania south of Lyell Highway, connected to Brady's Lake by Woodwards Canal.
It is an area where holiday shacks have been made on crown land.
Bronte Park, the location north of this lake, on the other side of the Lyell Highway, was in the late 1940s and early 1950s a Hydro Tasmania construction village for the Nive Development (later known as the Tarraleah Power Development)
References
Central Highlands (Tasmania)
Lakes of Tasmania |
Kilsyth Victoria Cottage Hospital is a health facility in Glasgow Road, Kilsyth, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Lanarkshire.
History
The facility was intended to commemorate the diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria and was commissioned to treat workers who had suffered accidents in the local mines. It was financed by the miners themselves, designed by Ronald Walker in the Arts and Crafts style and opened by Sir Archibald Edmonstone in April 1903. The facility joined the National Health Service in 1948 and was extended in 1974. A plaque was erected at the front of the building to commemorate its centenary in April 2003.
References
1903 establishments in Scotland
Hospitals established in 1903
Hospital buildings completed in 1903
NHS Scotland hospitals
Hospitals in North Lanarkshire
NHS Lanarkshire |
Androcalva crispa, commonly known as crisped leaf commersonia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate shrub that forms suckers from rhizomes and has densely new growth, clusters of lobed, egg-shaped or oblong leaves with wavy, serrated edges, and groups of white and pinkish-purple flowers.
Description
Androcalva crispa is a prostrate shrub that typically grows to high, wide, forms suckers from rhizomes, and has its new growth densely covered with star-shaped hairs. The leaves are clustered, egg-shaped, sometimes with the narrower end towards the base, or oblong, about long on a petiole long with narrowly oblong stipules at the base. The edges of the leaves are wavy with shallow, rounded teeth, the upper surface more or less glabrous and the lower surface densely covered with star-shaped hairs. The flowers are arranged in groups of 2 to 8 on a peduncle long, each flower on a pedicel long, with bracts long at the base. The flowers are white with a pinkish-purple centre and in diameter with 5 petal-like sepals, the petals with a spatula-shaped ligule almost as long as the sepal lobes. Each of the 5 staminodes has 3 lobes, the middle lobe broad and white, the side lobes linear and red. Flowering occurs from July to November.
Taxonomy
This species was first formally described in 1846 by Nikolai Turczaninow who gave it the name Commersonia crispa in Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, from specimens collected by James Drummond. In 2011, Carolyn Wilkins and Barbara Whitlock transferred the species to Androcalva as A. crispa in Australian Systematic Botany. The specific epithet (crispa) means "curled" or "crinkled", referring to the edges of the leaves of this species.
Distribution and habitat
Crisped leaf commersonia grows in woodland, mallee, heath and sedgeland between Bremer Bay, the Fitzgerald River National Park and Ravensthorpe in the Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregion of south-western Western Australia.
Conservation status
Androcalva crispa is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
References
crispa
Malvales of Australia
Flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 1846
Taxa named by Nikolai Turczaninow |
Jared Graves (born 16 December 1982 in Toowoomba, Queensland) is an Australian cyclist who has represented Australia in BMX, four-cross (4X), and downhill mountain biking. In 2006, he finished second in the mountain bike 4x world cup series. In 2008 he finished second in the BMX world cup series and was selected to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he finished sixth.
Graves became 4X World Cup champion in 2009, winning 5 from 8 rounds. On 4 September 2009 he won the UCI 4X World Championship in Canberra, Australia. He won the 2010 UCI 4X World Cup series winning 4 from 6 rounds, then won the silver medal at the 2010 4X World Championships At Mont-Sainte-Anne, Canada after leading the final all the way until making a mistake and being passed on the final corner. Graves also won the 2011 4X World Cup title winning 3 from 5 Rounds. Graves rides for Yeti Cycles. Graves is widely regarded as the best four-cross racer of all time.
Graves has turned his focus to the fastest growing discipline and arguably the discipline enjoying the most popularity in mountain bike racing for 2013, enduro. He has had a strong start to the season with wins at the traditional international season opening event, the Sea Otter Classic in California. He has finished top at almost all the 2013 Enduro World Series events, including a win at round 5 of the series during the Whistler Crankworx festival, and has finished the season as the number 2 ranked enduro racer in the world. He then jumped back into downhill racing at the end of the season went on to place 3rd at the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
In 2014 Graves won 3 of the 7 rounds of the Enduro World Series (Valloire, France, round 3 - Winter Park, USA, round 5 - and whistler, Canada, round 6) as well as 2 second-place finishes (round 1 and 7), a 5th (round 4) and a 9th (round 2) to become the 2014 Enduro World Champion.
In December 2015 it was announced that Graves would join the Specialized Racing Factory Enduro Team for 2016.
References
Australian Olympic Committee profile
External links
1982 births
Living people
Australian male cyclists
Four-cross mountain bikers
BMX riders
UCI Mountain Bike World Champions (men)
Olympic cyclists for Australia
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Queensland
Sportsmen from Queensland |
Beyuz (, also Romanized as Beyūẕ; also known as Baiyūr, Beyūẕ-e Yek, and Boyūz) is a village in Gheyzaniyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 118, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Ahvaz County |
The Gozo Phoenician shipwreck is a seventh-century-BC shipwreck of a Phoenician trade ship lying at a depth of . The wreck was discovered in 2007 by a team of French scientists during a sonar survey off the coast of Malta's Gozo island. The Gozo shipwreck archaeological excavation is the first maritime archaeological survey to explore shipwrecks beyond a depth of .
Historical background
The Phoenicians, a thalassocratic people known for trading and shipbuilding, had a long-standing presence in, and influence on the history of, the Maltese islands. From the middle of the second millennium BC, the Phoenicians undertook seaborne traffic from their mainland cities on the coast of modern-day Lebanon; their far-reaching trade routes spanned from the British Isles to Mesopotamia. The Phoenicians built trade outposts and colonies throughout the Mediterranean to facilitate the supply and storage of raw materials and goods. Sometime after 1000 BC, Phoenician traders colonized the Maltese islands that were conveniently located at the center of the Mediterranean between Europe and North Africa. They inhabited the area now known as Mdina and its surrounding town of Rabat which they called Maleth. The area came under the control of Carthage after the fall of Tyre in 332 BC. Punic influence remained on the Maltese islands during the early Roman era, as demonstrated by the famous second century BC Cippi of Melqart that were pivotal in deciphering the Phoenician language.
Phoenician shipwrecks
There are about six Phoenician shipwreck sites datable from the eighth to the sixth century BC in the Mediterranean. Two of these are located off the coast of Palestine/Israel, at a depth of ~, three in shallow waters facing the Spanish coast and one in France.
Location and discovery
The Gozo shipwreck was discovered in 2007 by a team of the French National Research Agency (ANR) during a seabed survey around off the coast of Xlendi, on the Maltese island of Gozo. The team detected sonar anomalies at a depth of , prompting further investigation that led to the discovery of a sunken Phoenician trade ship with its well-preserved cargo dating to the seventh century BC. The Gozo shipwreck archaeological excavation is the first maritime archaeological survey to explore shipwrecks beyond a depth of . Further archaeological research off the coast of Malta was conducted by the ANR's GROPLAN project in collaboration with the University of Malta and Texas A&M University.
Description
The shipwreck is . Archaeological artifacts are buried under up to of sediment. The ship remains and its upper layer of cargo lay exposed above a relatively flat seabed of coarse sand; it consists of quern-stones and earthenware containers used to transport wine, olive oil, and other consumables. Quern-stones, used to grind grains, were stored at both ends of the ship; they were discovered in pristine condition, indicating that they were never used and were destined for trade. Studies show that the grinding stones were made from volcanic rock sourced in Pantelleria in Sicily. The wreck site is very well-preserved, save for some minor damage caused by local fishermen's bottom-fishing techniques.
Cargo and artifacts
Digital mapping and high resolution imaging of the site and of the visible artifacts was done in 2014 by an international team of scientists. The survey was performed using a manned submarine that was deployed to produce a 3D photogrammetric image, which helped identify at least seven types of ceramic vessels. In 2016–2017, exploration of the wreckage resulted in the recovery of 12 objects, including uniquely shaped urns that appear to have been made on the island of Gozo. Divers supervised by maritime archeologists from the Department of Classics and Archaeology at the University of Malta also recovered six intact ceramic objects numerous ceramic shards, among which were Tyrrhenian-style amphorae typical of Italy and western Sicily.
Artifact recovery challenges
The extraction of artifacts from other parts of the ship proved difficult due to the depth of the shipwreck site. To facilitate artifact surfacing, a mooring dead weight was sunk to anchor the researcher's ship close to the shipwreck site. It took experienced divers eight minutes to reach the site, where they could stay for no longer than 14 minutes; surfacing objects took an additional two and a half hours.
Conservation
In June 2021, Maltese culture minister José Herrera discussed options to lift the shipwreck from the bottom of the sea, and exhibit it at the planned Gozo Museum or another, standalone museum. Another option the minister discussed is to leave the ship in place as an underwater tourist attraction.
See also
Archaeology of shipwrecks
Marsala Ship
Uluburun shipwreck
References
External links
L'Università ta' Malta – Phoenician shipwreck project | Exploring the Phoenician Shipwreck off the coast of Xlendi. Gozo
http://www.lsis.org/groplan/article/art_Xlendi.html
Ancient shipwrecks
Shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Archaeological discoveries in Malta
2007 archaeological discoveries
Shipwrecks of Malta
Gozo
2007 in Malta
Phoenician shipwrecks
Phoenician pottery
Trade in Phoenicia |
The Devil is a surviving 1915 silent film version of the Ferenc Molnár play, adapted by Thomas Ince. It was directed by Ince and Reginald Barker and stars Bessie Barriscale and Edward Connelly.
Plot
The Devil, in the guise of a human, meets a young couple who remark upon looking at a Renaissance painting of a martyr that Evil could never triumph over Good. The Devil, taking this as a challenge, decides to bring about the couple's downfall.
Cast
Bessie Barriscale
Edward Connelly
Arthur Maude
Clara Williams
Rhea Mitchell
J. Barney Sherry
Arthur Hollingsworth
References
External links
1915 films
Silent American drama films
American silent feature films
1915 drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Reginald Barker
1910s American films |
Robert Kron (born February 27, 1967) is a Czech former professional ice hockey centre and currently the director of amateur scouting for the Seattle Kraken. He was formerly director of European scouting for the Carolina Hurricanes.
Career
Kron was drafted in the fifth round, 88th overall, by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft. He made his National Hockey League debut with the Canucks in the 1990–91 season. In his NHL career, he would play for the Canucks, the Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes, and the Columbus Blue Jackets.
Kron appeared in 771 NHL games, scoring 144 goals and adding 194 assists. He also appeared in 16 Stanley Cup playoff games, scoring two goals and recording three assists.
After his hockey career ended, Kron was hired by the Carolina Hurricanes as an amateur scout. Former Carolina Hurricanes teammate and current Seattle Kraken GM Ron Francis hired him as the team's director of amateur scouting in October 2020.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
Carolina Hurricanes players
Carolina Hurricanes scouts
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Czech ice hockey left wingers
Czechoslovak expatriate ice hockey people
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Czechoslovak ice hockey left wingers
HK Dukla Trenčín players
HC Kometa Brno players
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Brno
Lukko players
Seattle Kraken scouts
Syracuse Crunch players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players |
Iztok Geister (born 20 August 1945) is a Slovene writer, poet, essayist and ornithologist. He is best known for his avant-garde poetry from the mid-1960s and 1970s. He is also one of the founding members of the Slovenian branch of BirdLife International.
Geister was born in Laško in 1945. He studied law at the University of Ljubljana but has worked as a freelance artist and naturalist for over thirty years. In 2001 he received the Rožanc Award for his essays Levitve (Moultings). In 2005 he won the Prešeren Foundation Award for his book Pospala poželenja.
Published work
Prose
Levitve (2001)
Pospala poželenja (2002)
Mojster zloženih peruti (2003)
Popular science monographs
Ljubljansko barje (1995)
Nenavadni izleti : v slovensko naravo (2003)
Sečoveljske soline (2004)
Naravni zakladi Brda pri Kranju (2006)
References
External links
DOPPS (Slovenian Society for the Protection and Study of Birds (Slovene branch of BirdLife International) site
Slovenian ornithologists
Slovenian poets
Slovenian male poets
Living people
1945 births
University of Ljubljana alumni
People from Laško |
José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão , (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician who has served as the prime minister of East Timor since 2023, previously serving in that position from 2007 to 2015. A former rebel, he also served as East Timor's first president since its re-establishment of independence, from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2007.
Early life and career
Gusmão was born in Manatuto, in what was then Portuguese Timor, to parents of mixed Portuguese-Timorese ancestry, both of whom were school teachers. His family were assimilados. He attended a Jesuit high school just outside Dili. After leaving high-school for financial reasons in 1961, at the age of 15, he held a variety of unskilled jobs, while continuing his education at night school. In 1965, at the age of 19, he met Emilia Batista, who was later to become his wife. His nickname, "Xanana", was taken from the name of the American rock and roll band "Sha Na Na", (which is pronounced the same as "Xanana" which is spelled according to Portuguese and Tetum spelling rules) who in turn were named after a lyric from the doo-wop song "Get a Job" written and recorded in 1957 by the Silhouettes.
In 1966, Gusmão obtained a position with the public service, which allowed him to continue his education. This was interrupted in 1968 when Gusmão was recruited by the Portuguese Army for national service. He served for three years, rising to the rank of corporal. During this time, he married Emilia Batista, with whom he had a son Eugenio, and a daughter Zenilda. He has since divorced Emilia, and in 2000, he married Australian Kirsty Sword, with whom he had three sons: Alexandre, Kay Olok and Daniel. In 1971, Gusmão completed his national service, his son was born, and he became involved with a nationalist organisation headed by José Ramos-Horta. For the next three years he was actively involved in peaceful protests directed at the colonial system.
It was in 1974 that a coup in Portugal resulted in the beginning of decolonisation for Portuguese Timor, and shortly afterwards the Governor Mário Lemos Pires announced plans to grant the colony independence. Plans were drawn up to hold general elections with a view to independence in 1978. During most of 1975 a bitter internal struggle occurred between two rival factions in Portuguese Timor. Gusmão became deeply involved with the Fretilin faction, and as a result he was arrested and imprisoned by the rival faction the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) in mid-1975. Taking advantage of the internal disorder, and with an eye to absorbing the colony, Indonesia immediately began a campaign of destabilisation, and frequent raids into Portuguese Timor were staged from Indonesian West Timor. By late 1975 the Fretilin faction had gained control of Portuguese Timor and Gusmão was released from prison. He was given the position of Press Secretary within the Fretilin organisation. On 28 November 1975, Fretilin declared the independence of Portuguese Timor as "The Democratic Republic of East Timor", and Gusmão was responsible for filming the ceremony. Nine days later, Indonesia invaded East Timor. At the time Gusmão was visiting friends outside of Dili and he witnessed the invasion from the hills. For the next few days he searched for his family.
Indonesian occupation
After the appointment of the Provisional Government of East Timor by Indonesia, Gusmão became heavily involved in resistance activities. Gusmão was largely responsible for the level of organisation that evolved in the resistance, which ultimately led to its success. The early days featured Gusmão walking from village to village to obtain support and recruits. In 1977, Gusmão was the aide-de-camp to Fretilin political commissar Abel Larisina and organised supplies for civilians at the resistance base at Matebian. In November 1978, the base was destroyed by the Indonesians. But after Fretilin suffered some major setbacks in the early 1980s, including a failed 1984 coup attempt against Gusmão led by four senior Falintil officers, including Mauk Moruk, Gusmão left Fretilin and supported various centrist coalitions, eventually becoming a leading opponent of Fretilin. In March 1981, a secret national conference in Lacluta elected him head of Falintil, succeeding the slain Nicolau dos Reis Lobatos.
In 1988, Gusmão became leader of the newly formed National Council of Resistance (CNRT). To avoid being seen as partisan, Gusmão left Fretilin for this. Under his leadership, FALINTIL relied more on clandestine underground networks and used small groups to attack Indonesian targets. By the mid-1980s, he was a major leader. During the early 1990s, Gusmão became deeply involved in diplomacy and media management, and was instrumental in alerting the world to the massacre in Dili that occurred in Santa Cruz on 12 November 1991. Gusmão was interviewed by many major media channels and obtained worldwide attention.
As a result of his high profile, Gusmão became a prime target of the Indonesian government. Indonesian troops (TNI) attempted to capture Gusmão in the Same and Ainaro area on 14 November 1990 with Operasi Senyum ("Operation Smile"). Four days earlier, a woman had been captured who testified during interrogation that the rebel leader was staying at a nearby mountain. Xanana Gusmão, however, probably escaped one night before the attack. After the attack, in which twelve battalions and four helicopters were deployed, the military claimed to have found about 100 fighters. Also found was a container with Gusmão's documents, a video camera and his typewriter. Among the documents were letters from the Pope and Bishop Carlos Belo. According to a traditional Timorese legend, some warriors were able to transform themselves into dogs to escape their captors. Picking up on this myth, the legend spread that Gusmão could also turn into a white dog and thus run around the village unnoticed while the Indonesian soldiers were looking for him.
In November 1992, a campaign for his capture Gusmão was finally successful in a large-scale operation by the Indonesian military with Gusmão apprehanded in a tunnel under the family home of Aliança Araújo in Lahane near Dili and taken to Bali. In May 1993, Gusmão was tried, convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment by the Indonesian government. He was found guilty under Article 108 of the Indonesian Penal Code (rebellion), Law no. 12 of 1951 (illegal possession of firearms) and Article 106 (attempting to separate part of the territory of Indonesia). He spoke in his own defence and he was appointed with defence lawyers before the commencement of his trial. The sentence was commuted to 20 years by the Indonesian President Suharto in August 1993. He was taken to Jakarta's maximum security prison, Cipinang. Although not released until late 1999, Gusmão successfully led the resistance from within prison with the help of Kirsty Sword. Prior to his release, the United Kingdom offered Gusmão political asylum to ensure his safety. The Xanana Room at the British Embassy in Jakarta commemorates this today. By the time of his release, he was regularly visited by United Nations representatives, and dignitaries such as Nelson Mandela.
Transition to independence
On 30 August 1999, a referendum was held in East Timor and an overwhelming majority voted for independence. The Indonesian military commenced a campaign of terror as a result, with terrible consequences. Although the Indonesian government denied ordering this offensive, they were widely condemned for failing to prevent it. As a result of overwhelming diplomatic pressure from the United Nations, promoted by Portugal since the late 1970s and also by the United States and Australia in the 1990s, a UN-sanctioned, Australian-led international peace-keeping force (INTERFET) entered East Timor. Upon his return to his native East Timor, he began a campaign of reconciliation and rebuilding.
In 1999, Xanana Gusmão was elected speaker of the National Consultative Council (NCC), a kind of transitional parliament during the UN administration of East Timor. On October 23, 2000, Gusmão also became spokesman for the subsequent National Council (NC). Gusmão was appointed to a senior role in the UN administration that governed East Timor until 20 May 2002. During this time he continually campaigned for unity and peace within East Timor, and was generally regarded as the de facto leader of the emerging nation. Elections were held in late 2001 and Gusmão, endorsed by nine parties but not by Fretilin, ran as an independent and was comfortably elected leader.
Gusmão eventually won the presidential election on April 14, 2002 with 82.7% against his opponent Francisco Xavier do Amaral and the first president of East Timor when it became formally independent on 20 May 2002. Gusmão has published an autobiography with selected writings entitled To Resist Is to Win. He is the main narrator of the film A Hero's Journey/Where the Sun Rises, a 2006 documentary about him and East Timor. According to director Grace Phan, it's an "intimate insight into the personal transformation" of the man who helped shape and liberate East Timor.
Independent East Timor
On 21 June 2006, Gusmão called for Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri to resign or else he would, as allegations that Alkatiri had ordered a hit squad to threaten and kill his political opponents led to a large backlash. Senior members of the Fretilin party met on 25 June to discuss Alkatiri's future as the Prime Minister, amidst a protest involving thousands of people calling for Alkatiri to resign instead of Gusmão. Despite receiving a vote of confidence from his party, Alkatiri resigned on 26 June 2006 to end the uncertainty. In announcing this he said, "I declare I am ready to resign my position as prime minister of the government...so as to avoid the resignation of His Excellency the President of the Republic [Xanana Gusmão]." The 'hit squad' accusations against Alkatiri were subsequently rejected by a UN Commission, which also criticised Gusmão for making inflammatory statements during the crisis.
Gusmão declined to run for another term in the April 2007 presidential election. In March 2007 he said that he would lead the new National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT) into the parliamentary election planned to be held later in the year, and said that he would be willing to become prime minister if his party won the election. He was succeeded as president by José Ramos-Horta on 20 May 2007. The CNRT placed second in the June 2007 parliamentary election, behind Fretilin, taking 24.10% of the vote and 18 seats. He won a seat in parliament as the first name on the CNRT's candidate list. The CNRT allied with other parties to form a coalition that would hold a majority of seats in parliament. After weeks of dispute between this coalition and Fretilin over who should form the government, Ramos-Horta announced on 6 August that the CNRT-led coalition would form the government and that Gusmão would become Prime Minister on 8 August. Gusmão was sworn in at the presidential palace in Dili on 8 August.
On 11 February 2008, a motorcade containing Gusmão came under gunfire one hour after President José Ramos-Horta was shot in the stomach. Gusmão's residence was also occupied by rebels. According to the Associated Press, the incidents raised the possibility of a coup attempt; they have also described as possible assassination attempts and kidnap attempts.
In the 2012 parliamentary elections in East Timor, Gusmão succeeded in re-entering parliament. With the CNRT as the strongest party, he also leads the new government as Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Alfredo Pires took over as Minister of Petroleum and Natural Resources. Again, Gusmão renounced his seat in parliament.
At the beginning of 2015, Gusmão announced his intention to reshuffle the government and also to resign early himself. On 5 February, he informed his coalition partners that he intended to propose former Health Minister Rui Araújo as his successor and resigned by writing to President Taur Matan Ruak. The President accepted his resignation and appointed Araújo to form a new government. The handover of office took place on 16 February. In the new government, Gusmão is "Consultative Minister" and Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment.
In the 2017 parliamentary elections in East Timor, Gusmão succeeded in entering parliament as the CNRT's list leader. However, the CNRT suffered heavy losses and came a close second behind Fretilin. On 4 August 2017, Gusmão announced his resignation as CNRT party leader. However, this resignation was not accepted at the extraordinary party congress and was later simply ignored. The CNRT went into opposition, which is why Gusmão lost his ministerial post. He also renounced his seat in parliament after the first day of the session.
In the border disputes between Australia and East Timor, Gusmão worked as East Timor's chief negotiator. After the successful conclusion of the new Timor Sea border treaty on 6 March 2018, he received a triumphant reception and a heroes welcome from thousands of East Timorese on his return to Dili. In the 2018 general elections, Gusmão represented the CNRT in the Alliance for Change and Progress (AMP) trio and entered parliament at number one on the list. However, he renounced his mandate already for the first session on 13 June. On 5 July, Gusmão was appointed Minister of State of the Council of the Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Strategic Investment by President Francisco Guterres. Due to the conflict with the President of the Republic over the appointment of CNRT ministers, Gusmão stayed away from the scheduled dates of his swearing-in ceremony and eventually renounced his position in the VIII Government. However, he continued to have responsibility for the Maritime Boundaries Office and continued negotiations with Australia until 2022. On 18 December 2019, Gusmão was also appointed by Cabinet as the Blue Economy Representative.
In the 2022 East Timor presidential elections, Gusmão ran Ramos-Horta as the CNRT candidate. Gusmão played a central role in the election campaign, pushing Ramos-Horta into the background. In the event of an election, Gusmão announced that Ramos-Horta would dissolve parliament and call early elections. Ramos-Horta was more cautious about the matter and instead announced that he wanted to hold talks with all parties. On 20 May 2022, Ramos-Horta took up his second term as President.
In October 2022, several families in Dili's Aimeti Laran and Becusi Craic neighbourhoods were to be evicted from their homes. The landowner had enforced this in court, while the families justified their right to live there by saying they had been living there for decades. A team from the District Court and the National Police had already removed the belongings of seven families in Becusi Craic when Xanana Gusmão intervened with media attention. He ordered the police officers to carry the families' belongings back into the houses and waited until they had finished the job. As a result, Judge Zulmira Auxiliadora Barros da Silva, who had ordered the evictions, was publicly defamed. The events became known as the "Aimeti Laran case" and the "Becussi Craic". In April 2023, the Conselho Superior da Magistratura Judicial (CSMJ) issued a press release expressing regret for the judge's "campaign of professional disparagement" and criticising the "total obstruction" of the execution of the sentence with the media present. The CSMJ concluded that the judge had acted correctly, declared its solidarity with the judicial officials involved and insisted on the sovereignty of the judiciary.
In the 2023 East Timorese parliamentary election, the CNRT won 41% of the votes and gained 31 seats out of 65 in the National Parliament. On 1 July 2023, Gusmao was sworn in as prime minister after his party's victory in the parliamentary election.
Awards and honours
Awards
In 1999, Gusmão was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought.
In 2000, he was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize for being a "courageous and principled leader for the independence of the East Timorese people".
Also in 2000, he won the first Gwangju Prize for Human Rights, created to honour "individuals, groups or institutions in Korea and abroad that have contributed in promoting and advancing human rights, democracy and peace through their work."
In 2002, he was awarded the North–South Prize by the Council of Europe.
Gusmão is an Eminent Member of the Sérgio Vieira de Mello Foundation.
Honours
: First Class Adipurna of the Star of the Republic of Indonesia (10 October 2014)
: Honorary Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (6 July 2000)
:
Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (13 November 2007)
Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (9 June 1993)
: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (2003)
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Official biography (earlier version)
1946 births
East Timorese Christian socialists
East Timorese people of Portuguese descent
Grand Crosses of the Order of Liberty
Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Honorary Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit
East Timorese humanitarians
Living people
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction politicians
People from Manatuto District
Presidents of East Timor
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Fretilin politicians
Defense ministers of East Timor
Sakharov Prize laureates
Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Ipiranga |
Syed Wahidul Alam () was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and a former member of parliament for Chittagong-5.
Career
Alam was an active Liberation War activist during 1971. He was the former Member of Parliament for Chittagong-5 (Hathazari). He served from 1991 to 2006. He was also the whip of the parliament.
Personal life
Alam has two daughters. Elder daughter Shakila Farzana, is a barrister and was joint general secretary of the Supreme Court wing of Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Ainjibi Forum, a pro-BNP lawyers’ body.
References
Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians
Living people
8th Jatiya Sangsad members
5th Jatiya Sangsad members
6th Jatiya Sangsad members
7th Jatiya Sangsad members
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Hathazari Upazila
Politicians from Chittagong Division
21st-century Bengalis |
The Four Doctors is a Big Finish Productions full cast audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was originally free to subscribers of The Demons of Red Lodge and Other Stories, but can now be selected with any Big Finish subscription.
Plot
The Fifth Doctor investigates the Vault of Stellar Curios, where he has observed evidence of time leakage. But then the Daleks attack, looking for the contents of the mysterious vault. The Eighth Doctor also shows up and he and his former self create a time loop trap, spanning between their lives. This sends the Daleks to the Seventh Doctor's encounter with Michael Faraday in 1854 and the Sixth Doctor's visit to an early Dalek battlefield.
Cast
Fifth Doctor – Peter Davison
Sixth Doctor – Colin Baker
Seventh Doctor – Sylvester McCoy
Eighth Doctor – Paul McGann
Daleks – Nicholas Briggs
Professor Kalinda/Lady Cowen – Ellie Burrow
Colonel Ulrik/Whitmore – David Bamber
Michael Faraday/Magran – Nigel Lambert
Roboman/Jariden Device – Alex Mallinson
External links
news
more news
2010 audio plays
Fifth Doctor audio plays
Sixth Doctor audio plays
Seventh Doctor audio plays
Eighth Doctor audio plays
Doctor Who multi-Doctor stories
Dalek audio plays |
Yatsevich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandr Yatsevich (born 1956), Russian hurdler
Kirill Yatsevich (born 1992), Russian track cyclist
Nastassia Yatsevich (born 1985), Belarusian race walker
See also
Aleksandrs Jackevičs (born 1958), Latvian judoka |
Prepositus Brixiensis, i.e. the "Provost of Brescia", (fl. 1430) was a late medieval Italian composer and singer at Padua Cathedral.
Works and recordings
Only four ballate and one rondeau survive:
ballata - I ochi d'una ançolleta che m'alcide "the eyes of an angel have pierced me" - Ensemble Perlaro, PAN 2010
O spirito gentil, tu m'ay percosso on "Sweet Love, Sweet Hope" Hilliard Ensemble, Isis; Also on "Voyage en Italie" La Reverdie Arcana reissue 2009.
References
Renaissance composers
Male classical composers
Trecento composers |
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