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The Great Altar of Unconquered Hercules () stood in the Forum Boarium near the Tiber River in ancient Rome. It was the earliest cult location of Hercules in Rome, possibly originally dating as early as the 6th century . Its foundations possibly lie beneath the present church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin in Rome, Italy. Legend Roman tradition held that Hercules completed his 10th labor in Italy, driving the cattle through Rome around the location of the latter cattle market (). It made the location of the altar the place where Hercules slew Cacus and ascribed its creation to Evander of Pallene. Virgil's Aeneid includes a passage where Evander ascribes the origin even earlier, attributing it to Potitius and the Pinarii. History The altar was the earliest cult location for Hercules in Rome, predating the circular Temple of Hercules Victor and possibly originally dating as early as the 6th century . The altar was destroyed during the Great Fire of Rome in the year 64 but was rebuilt and stood at least until the fourth century. The rites at the Ara Maxima were unique within the cult of Hercules in that they were performed in the Greek fashion () with uncovered heads. Surviving sources also state on the authority of Varro that women were excluded from the ceremonies at the altar and from partaking in the sacrificial meat. Present location A tentative identification of a tuff platform in the crypt of Santa Maria in Cosmedin with the foundation of the altar has been made by Filippo Coarelli and other archaeologists. See also Hercules in Roman religion Temples of Hercules Victor and Hercules Musarum List of Ancient Roman temples & ancient monuments in Rome Notes References External links Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 1929 Hercules Rome R. XII Ripa Temples of Heracles Roman altars
EFSA is an acronym for: Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority European Food Safety Authority EFSA is also the ICAO code for Savonlinna Airport.
The Chesterfield Islands (îles Chesterfield in French) are a French archipelago of New Caledonia located in the Coral Sea, northwest of Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The archipelago is 120 km long and 70 km broad, made up of 11 uninhabited islets and many reefs. The land area of the islands is less than 10 km2. During periods of lowered sea level during the Pleistocene ice ages, an island of considerable size (Greater Chesterfield Island) occupied the location of the archipelago. Bellona Reef, 164 km south-southeast of Chesterfield, is geologically separated from the Chesterfield archipelago but commonly included. Etymology The reef complex is named after the whaling ship , commanded by Matthew Bowes Alt, which sailed through the Coral Sea in the 1790s. Location The Chesterfield Islands, sometimes referred to as the Chesterfield Reefs or Chesterfield Group, are the most important of a number of uninhabited coral sand cays. Some are awash and liable to shift with the wind while others are stabilized by the growth of grass, creepers and low trees. The reefs extend from 19˚ to 22˚S between 158–160˚E in the southern Coral Sea halfway between Australia and New Caledonia. The Chesterfield Reefs are now part of the territory of New Caledonia while the islands farther west are part of the Australian Coral Sea Islands Territory. Chesterfield lagoon, located between 19˚00' and 20˚30' S and 158˚10' and 159˚E covers an area of approximately 3500 km2. A barrier reef surrounds the lagoon, interrupted by wide passes except on its eastern side where it is open for over . The major part of the lagoon is exposed to trade winds and to the southeastern oceanic swell. The lagoon is relatively deep with a mean depth of 51 m. The depth increases from south to north. Chesterfield Reefs complex consists of the Bellona Reef complex to the south (South, Middle and Northwest Bellona Reef) and the Bampton Reef complex. Bellona Reefs Captain Matthew Boyd of Bellona named the reefs for his ship. He had delivered convicts to New South Wales in 1793 and was on his way to China to pick up a cargo at Canton to take back to Britain for the British East India Company when he passed the reefs in February–March 1793. West Point , Olry Reef , on the south an unvegetated sand cay Caye Est Bellona Middle Bellona Reefs , Observatory Cay , Booby Reef , Northwest Bellona Reef , Noel Bank , South Bellona Reef or West Point , Approximately 3 m tall sand islet, reported to be non-existent by 1988 (Sailing Directions) Lieutenant John Lamb, R.N., Commander of the ship Baring, spent three days in the neighborhood of Booby and Bellona Shoals and reefs. Lamb took soundings between nineteen and forty-five fathoms (114–270 ft), and frequently passed shoals, upon which the sea was breaking. Lamb defined the limits of the rocky ground as the parallels of 20°40' and 21°50' and the meridians of 158°15' and 159°30'. He also saw a sandy islet, surrounded by a chain of rocks, at 21°24½′ south and 158°30' east. The ship Minerva measured the water's depth as eight fathoms (48 ft), with the appearance of shallower water to the southwest; this last danger is in a line between the two shoals at about longitude 159°20' east, as described by James Horsburgh. Observatory Cay (Caye de l'Observatoire) , 800 m long and 2 m high, lies on the Middle Bellona Reefs at the southern end of the Chesterfield Reefs and 180 nm east of Kenn Reef. Minerva Shoal Minerva Shoal, Chesterfield Reefs South Elbow or Loop Islet, Anchorage Islets , Passage Islet (Bennett Islet), Long Island , The Chesterfield Reefs is a loose collection of elongated reefs that enclose a deep, semi-sheltered, lagoon. The reefs on the west and northwest are known as the Chesterfield Reefs; those on the east and north being the Bampton Reefs. The Chesterfield Reefs form a structure measuring 120 km in length (northeast to southwest) and 70 km across (east to west). There are numerous cays occurring amongst the reefs of both the Chesterfield and Bampton Reefs. These include: Loop Islet, Renard Cay, Skeleton Cay, Bennett Island, Passage Islet, Veys Islet, Long Island, the Avon Isles, the Anchorage Islets and Bampton Island. Long Island , 10 nm NW of Loop Islet, is the largest of the Chesterfield Islands, and is 1400 to 1800 m long but no more than 100 m across and 9 m high. In May 1859 Henry Mangles Denham found Long Island was "a heap of 'foraminifera' densely covered with stunted bush‑trees with leaves as large as cabbage plants, spreading 12 feet (3.7 m) and reaching as high, upon trunks 9 inches (23 cm) diameter... The trees around the margin of this island were leafless, as if from the sea‑fowl." Although wooded in the 1850s, it was stripped during guano extraction in the 1870s and was said to be covered in grass with only two coconut trees and some ruins at the south end early in the 20th century. The vegetation was growing again by 1957 when the remaining ruins were confused with those of a temporary automatic meteorological station established in the same area by the Americans between 1944 and 1948. Terry Walker reported that by 1990 there was a ring of low Tournefortia trees growing around the margin, herbs, grass and shrubs in the interior, and still a few exotic species including coconuts. South of Long Island and Loop Islet there are three small low islets (Martin, Veys and Passage islets) up to 400 m across followed, after a narrow channel, by Passage or Bennett Island, which is 12 m high and was a whaling station in the first half of the 20th century. Several sand cays lie on the reef southeast of the islet. Avon Isles Avon Isles (Northwest Point) , Avon Isles (south) The two Avon Isles , some 188 m in diameter and 5 m high to the top of the dense vegetation, are situated 21 n.m. north of Long Island. They were seen by Mr. Sumner, Master of the ship Avon, on 18 September 1823, and are described by him as being three-quarters of a mile in circumference, twenty feet high, and the sea between them twenty fathoms deep. At four miles (7 km) northeast by north from them the water was twelve fathoms (72 feet) deep, and at the same time they saw a reef ten or fifteen miles (20–30 km) to the southeast, with deep water between it and the islets. A boat landed on the south-westernmost islet, and found it inhabited only by birds, but clothed with shrubs and wild grapes. By observation, these islands were found to lie in latitude 19 degrees 40 minutes, and longitude 158 degrees 6 minutes. The Avon Isles are described by Denham in 1859 as "densely covered with stunted trees and creeping plants and grass, and... crowded with the like species of birds." Bampton Reefs Bampton Reefs Bampton Island , North Bampton Reef , Northeast Bampton Reef , Renard Island , Skeleton Cay Renard Island North Bampton Reef , Approximately tall sand islet lies northeast of the Avon Isles and is long, across and also high to the top of the bushes. Southeast Bampton Reef Sand Cay elevation Loop Islet , which lies 85 nm farther north near the south end of the central islands of Chesterfield Reefs, is a small, flat, bushy islet 3 m high where a permanent automatic weather station was established by the Service Météorologique de Nouméa in October 1968. Terry Walker reported the presence of a grove of Casuarinas in 1990. Anchorage Islets are a group of islets five nautical miles (9 km) north of Loop Islet. The third from the north, about 400 m long and 12 m high, shelters the best anchorage. Passage (Bonnet) Island reaches a vegetative height of 12 m Bampton Island , lies on Bampton Reefs 20 nm NW of Renard Island. It is 180 m long, 110 m across and 5 m high. It had trees when discovered in 1793, but has seldom been visited since then except by castaways. The reefs and islands west of the Chesterfield Islands, the closest being Mellish Reef with Herald's Beacon Islet at , at a distance of 180 nm northwest of Bampton Island, belong to the Coral Sea Islands Territory. Important Bird Area The Bampton and Chesterfield Reef Islands, with their surrounding waters, have been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support breeding colonies of several species of seabirds, including lesser frigatebirds, red-footed and brown boobies, brown and black noddies, and fairy terns. History 18th Century Booby Reef in the center of the eastern chain of reefs and islets comprising Chesterfield Reefs appears to have been discovered first by Lt. Henry Lidgbird Ball in HMS Supply on the way from Sydney to Batavia (modern day Jakarta) in 1790. The reefs to the south were found next by Mathew Boyd in the convict ship Bellona on his way from Sydney to Canton (modern day Guangzhou) in February or March 1793. The following June, William Wright Bampton became embayed for five days at the north end of Chesterfield Reefs in the Indiaman Shah Hormuzeer, together with Mathew Bowes Alt in the whaler Chesterfield. Bampton reported two islets with trees and "a number of birds of different species around the ships, several of them the same kind as at Norfolk Island”. 19th Century The reefs continued to present a hazard to shipping plying between Australia and Canton or India (where cargo was collected on the way home to Europe). The southern reefs were surveyed by Captain Henry Mangles Denham in the Herald from 1858 to 1860. He made the natural history notes discussed below. The northern reefs were charted by Lieutenant G.E.Richards in HMS Renard in 1878 and the French the following year. Denham's conclusions are engraved on British Admiralty Chart 349: The area is a wintering ground for numerous Humpback whales and smaller numbers of Sperm whales. During the 19th century the Chesterfield Islands were visited by increasing numbers of whalers during the off season in New Zealand. L. Thiercelin reported that in July 1863 the islets only had two or three plants, including a bush 3–4 m high, and were frequented by turtles weighing 60 to 100 kg. Many eggs were being taken regularly by several English, two French and one American whaler. On another occasion there were no less than eight American whalers. A collection of birds said to have been made by Surgeon Jourde of the French whaler Général d’Hautpoul on the Brampton Shoals in July 1861 was subsequently brought by Gerard Krefft (1862) to the Australian Museum, but clearly not all the specimens came from there. On 27 October 1862, the British Government granted an exclusive concession to exploit the guano on Lady Elliot Island, Wreck Reef, Swain Reefs, Raine Island, Bramble Cay, Brampton Shoal, and Pilgrim Island to the Anglo Australian Guano Company organized by the whaler Dr. William Crowther in Hobart, Tasmania. They were apparently most active on Bird Islet (Wreck Reef) and Lady Elliot and Raine Islands (Hutchinson, 1950), losing five ships at Bird Islet between 1861 and 1882 (Crowther 1939). It is not clear that they ever took much guano from the Chesterfield Islands unless it was obtained from Higginson, Desmazures et Cie, discussed below. When in 1877 Joshua William North also found guano on the Chesterfield Reefs, Alcide Jean Desmazures persuaded Governor Orly of New Caledonia to send the warship La Seudre to annex them. There were estimated to be about 185,000 cu m of guano on Long Island and a few hundred tons elsewhere, and 40% to 62% phosphate (Chevron, 1880), which was extracted between 1879 and 1888 by Higginson, Desmazures et Cie of Nouméa (Godard, nd), leaving Long Island stripped bare for a time (Anon., 1916). 20th and 21st Century Apparently the islands were then abandoned until Commander Arzur in the French warship Dumont d’Urville surveyed the Chesterfield Reefs and erected a plaque in 1939. In September 1944, American forces installed a temporary automatic meteorological station at the south end of Long Island, which was abandoned again at the end of World War II. The first biological survey was made of Long Island by Cohic during four hours ashore on 26 September 1957. It revealed, among other things, a variety of avian parasites including a widespread Ornithodoros tick belonging to a genus carrying arboviruses capable of causing illness in humans. This island and the Anchorage Islets were also visited briefly during a survey of New Caledonian coral reefs in 1960 and 1962. An aerial magnetic survey was made of the Chesterfield area in 1966, and a seismic survey in 1972, which apparently have not been followed up yet. In November 1968 another automatic meteorological station was installed on Loop Islet where 10 plants were collected by A.E. Ferré. Since then the Centre de Nouméa of the Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre Mer has arranged for periodic surveys and others when this installation is serviced. From 1982 to 1992 Terry Walker carried out methodical surveys of the Coral Sea islets with the intention of producing a seabird atlas. He visited the central islands of the Chesterfield Reefs in December 1990. An amateur radio DX-pedition (TX3X) was conducted on one of the islands in October 2015. Known Shipwrecks on the Reef Unless otherwise noted, information in this section is from Coral Sea and Northern Great Barrier Reef Shipwrecks. References Further reading Bateson, Charles. Australian shipwrecks Vol. 1 1622–1850, (print), Sydney: Reed. Borsa, Philippe, Mireille Pandolfi, Serge Andréfouët, and Vincent Bretagnolle. "Breeding Avifauna of the Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea: Current Population Sizes, Trends, and Threats." Pacific Science vol. 64, Issue 2. pp. 297–314. Cohic, F. (1959) "Report on a Visit to the Chesterfield Islands, September 1957." Atoll Research Bulletin No. 63 (15 May 1959). http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/atollresearchbulletin/issues/00063.pdf. Accessed 4-19-2013. Findlay, A. (1851) A Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, (print), London. Harding, John. THE CORAL SEA...French Territory. (web). https://web.archive.org/web/20081203124528/http://www.thejohnharding.com/archives/00001639.htm. Accessed 4-19-2013. Photograph from Loop Island. Loney, J. K. (1987) Australian shipwrecks Vol. 4 1901–1986, (print), Portarlington, Victoria: Marine History Publications. Loney, J. K. (1991) Australian shipwrecks Vol. 5 Update 1986, (print), Portarlington, Victoria: Marine History Publications. Islands of New Caledonia Landforms of the Coral Sea Important Bird Areas of New Caledonia Seabird colonies
Henry Wood Elliott (November 13, 1846 – May 25, 1930) was an American watercolor painter, author, and environmentalist whose work primarily focused on Alaskan subjects. He was the author of the 1911 Hay-Elliott Fur Seal Treaty, the first international treaty on wildlife conservation. A number of his works have an ethnographic bent, displaying aboriginal Alaskans engaging in traditional practices; some of these works are stored in the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian. Elliott also focused on the Alaskan landscape and wildlife. In 1886, Elliott published a book entitled Our Arctic Province: Alaska and the Seal Islands, which contains an in-depth exploration of Alaska's history, geography, people, and wildlife. He became involved in early conservation efforts of the fur seal, in 1905 co-authoring a document with United States Secretary of State John Hay that would eventually become the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, the first international treaty dedicated to the conservation of wildlife. Gallery References 1846 births 1930 deaths 19th-century American painters American male painters 20th-century American painters American naturalists People of pre-statehood Alaska 19th-century American male artists 20th-century American male artists
Ringwood is a market town in south-west Hampshire, England, on the River Avon close to the New Forest, northeast of Bournemouth and southwest of Southampton. It was founded by the Anglo-Saxons, and has held a weekly market since the Middle Ages. History Ringwood is recorded in a charter of 961, in which King Edgar gave 22 hides of land in Rimecuda to Abingdon Abbey. The name is also recorded in the 10th century as Runcwuda and Rimucwuda. The second element wuda means a 'wood'; rimuc may be derived from rima meaning 'border' or 'rim', hence "border wood". The name may refer to Ringwood's position on the fringe of Ringwood Forest, or on the border of Hampshire. William Camden in 1607 gave a much more fanciful derivation, claiming that the original name was Regne-wood, the Regni being an ancient people of Britain. In the Domesday Book of 1086, Ringwood (Rincvede) had been appropriated by the Crown and all but six hides taken into the New Forest. Prior to 1066 Ringwood had been held by Earl Tostig. During the 12th and early 13th centuries Ringwood, like other manors of which John and Henry III had the immediate overlordship, frequently changed hands. Thus it was held by Roland de Dinan, a Breton lord, in 1167; Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester before 1204; Theodoric the Teuton, a servant of King John, after 1204; William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, in 1217, and intermittently by the third and fourth Earls up to 1237; Simon de Steyland, the King's clerk, around 1237; John son of Geoffrey, described as "of the lands of the Bretons", from 1240; Nicholas of Ely, Bishop of Winchester, from about 1272; and then by three successive queens: Queen Eleanor, Queen Margaret, and Queen Isabella, from 1280 until 1331. In January 1331, Ringwood and other manors which Isabella had previously surrendered were granted to William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury, whose descendants with some intermission held it for more than two centuries, until the death of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury in 1541. It was held by Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset until his execution in 1552, and then briefly by John Gates who was executed in 1553. Queen Mary granted the lands to Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon, but by the middle of the 17th century the manor had passed to the Arundells of Wardour, and in 1728 was in the hands of Henry Arundell, 6th Baron Arundell of Wardour. His grandson, the eighth Baron, sold it in 1794 to John Morant of Brockenhurst, and the Morant family held the manor throughout the 19th century. In 1108, it was recorded that the tenants of the "manor of Ringwood and Harbridge" had common rights in the New Forest, among the knights and esquires, for their farm beasts and plough beasts between "Teg att Brokelisford" and "Ostaven" and in the vill of Beaulieu for all their livestock except goats and geese: for this they paid the King an annual agistment. A valuation of the manor made at the end of the 13th century records the tenants services included mowing the lord's meadow, haymaking on eight acres in "Muchelmershe," carting the hay and making a rick; they were to repair the mills and the houses within the court. A mill in Ringwood is mentioned in the Domesday Book and later there were two. In March 1226 Henry III granted a weekly market in Ringwood on Wednesdays to Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke and Gervaise his wife to hold until the King should come of age. In 1337 the Earl of Salisbury, as lord of Ringwood Manor, was granted a yearly fair on the feast-day of Saint Andrew (30 November). There was also another fair held on the feast of Saint Peter (29 June) in the 16th century. After the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685, James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth was arrested near Horton, Dorset. Monmouth is believed to have hidden in a ditch under an ash tree disguised as a shepherd, but was betrayed by a local woman who, according to legend, later killed herself in remorse. Monmouth was then taken to the house now named Monmouth House in West Street (between the Market Place and the Fish Inn). It was there that he wrote a letter to James II begging forgiveness. This was not granted, and he was brought to trial in the Tower of London by the infamous "Hanging Judge Jefferies". Also after the Battle of Sedgemoor, an elderly local lady, Alice Lisle, gave refuge to two wanted men who were escaping the battle. When her home, Moyles Court, (now a private school — Moyles Court School) was raided, the men were found and Alice was arrested. She was sentenced by the same Judge Jefferies to be burned at the stake; she received a late reprieve, and the sentence was reduced to beheading. She is buried at St Mary's Church, Ellingham, one mile from her Moyles Court home. Her tomb can be found to the right of the church entrance; it is easily spotted as the lid has been left unfinished with rough edges. There is now a pub called the Alice Lisle near Moyles Court. The Town Hall was erected by John Morant in 1868. The town was famous in the 19th century for its "Ringwood" woollen gloves, and there was also a large linen collar and cuff factory here. The site of Royal Air Force Station Ibsley, in use during World War II, is located on the outskirts of the Ringwood hamlet of Poulner. This site has later been used for motor-racing as Ibsley Circuit and today is a quarry lake area. Geography Ringwood is a town on the east bank of the River Avon in Hampshire. The parish includes the hamlets of Poulner, Hangersley, Hightown, Crow, Kingston, and Bisterne. Economy Ringwood has a weekly market in the traditional market place. A cattle market ran until 1989 in the Furlong, which is now home to a Waitrose supermarket, coffee shops and fashion outlets. Ringwood was noted as the second most expensive market town in England in July 2008 with average property prices of over £380,000. Ringwood is the home of the Ringwood Brewery, which produces a variety of cask ales and runs five pubs in the local area, such as the Inn on the Furlong in Ringwood. Ringwood brewery also produces a variety of wines. It was taken over by Marston's Brewery, who plan to keep the brewery and all its brands, but lease out its tied public houses. Politics Ringwood is within the New Forest West parliamentary constituency. The current Member of Parliament (MP) is Sir Desmond Swayne who represents the Conservative Party. Ringwood is represented by one councillor on Hampshire County Council and six councillors on New Forest District Council (although four of these are shared with neighbouring areas). Currently Ringwood's county councillor is Conservative, and the district councillors feature three Conservative, one Labour, one Green and one Independent. Ringwood Town Council formed in 1974 and serves an estimated 14,000 people. The town is divided into three wards. The Councillors elect a Mayor every two years who is also the chairman of the council. The current Mayor of Ringwood is Gareth Deboos. The council, which is elected every four years, has 14 councillors: six Independent, four Labour, three Conservative and one Liberal Democrat. Ringwood Town Council provide a variety of services and amenities for the town, including allotments, the cemetery, recreation grounds some public open spaces, the running of events, and a youth service. The council is based in the Ringwood Gateway building on The Furlong in the town centre. Ringwood was the birthplace of British communist leader and anti-fascist Bill Alexander, who was present at the Battle of Cable Street and commanded the British Battalion near the end of the Spanish Civil War. Education The senior school is Ringwood School, a national teaching academy. The state primary schools are Ringwood Junior, Poulner Junior, Ringwood CofE Infants and Poulner Infants. There is also a Waldorf school, the Ringwood Waldorf School a centre for Steiner Education for ages 3 to 18 years with around 260 pupils. The Ringwood Waldorf school is near a Camphill community. Ringwood also has an independent 3–16-day and boarding school called Moyles Court School. Sport and leisure Ringwood has a Non-League football club Ringwood Town F.C., which plays at Long Lane. Ringwood is home to Ellingham and Ringwood Rugby Club who play at Parsonage Barn Lane. They run 3 senior sides, a women's side and all mini and junior ages. There are also two Cricket clubs, Ringwood Cricket Club who play at Carvers Recreation Ground and Ellingham Cricket Club who play at Picket Post. Until 2022, Speedway has been staged at nearby Ringwood Raceway at Matchams Park. The team, known as the Ringwood Turfs, featured in the Southern Area League in the mid-1950s. There is also a long-standing and active Judo club Ringwood has a Sailing Club, the Spinnaker Club, based on Blashford Lake in Ivy Lane, about 1 mile North from the town centre. A number of academic institutions (3 Universities, 3 Schools) and Sailability are affiliated. The club has a racing programme for several classes of sailing dinghy, for adults and children, and a programme for training for various levels of competence and experience. Many sailors from this Club have had championship success, nationally and internationally, and the club has been successful in Teams Sailing, winning the National Champs, and The British Open many times. Millstream Model Centre & Raceway is the UK's largest slotcar racing centre. Transport Road The main road through Ringwood is the A31, which runs west to Dorchester and east to Southampton via the New Forest. A bypass of the town was completed in two stages; the first to the west in the 1940s and the second to the east in 1975. The other significant road is the A338, which goes north to Salisbury and south to Bournemouth. Rail Ringwood railway station opened in 1847. It lay on the Southampton and Dorchester Railway. In 1862 the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway created a new link with Christchurch. The line to Christchurch was closed in 1935, and the station ceased operating when the Southampton and Dorchester Railway line was closed in 1964. A report (Connecting Communities: Expanding Access to the Rail Network) from the Association of Train Operating Companies in 2009 recommended rebuilding part of the line from Brockenhurst to Ringwood. Bus and coach Several bus stands are located at Meeting House Lane next to The Furlong Car Park. National Express Coaches provide twice-daily services to and from London Victoria, Heathrow Airport and Gatwick Airport. Morebus route X3 between Salisbury and Bournemouth calls at Ringwood twice an hour. There are also less-frequent services to Brockenhurst and Poulner. Church of St Peter and St Paul A church in Ringwood is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was rebuilt in the 13th century and survived until 1853, when it was completely knocked down and rebuilt. The church contains a 15th-century monumental brass of John Prophete, Dean of Hereford and York. Filming location The swimming pool, sports hall and exterior scenes of the BBC television comedy series The Brittas Empire were filmed at Ringwood Health and Leisure Centre, at the time known as Ringwood Recreation Centre. Areas Northbound Salisbury Fordingbridge New Forest Southampton Southbound Ferndown Bournemouth Airport Christchurch Bournemouth Poole Twin towns Ringwood is twinned with: Pont-Audemer, France References External links Ringwood Town Council Towns in Hampshire Civil parishes in Hampshire New Forest District
Polina V. Lishko (born 1974) is an American cellular and developmental biologist. She was a 2015 Pew biomedical scholar. She is a 2020 MacArthur Fellow. She is currently an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley as well as an adjunct professor at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging. Early life and education Polina V. Lishko was born in Kyiv, Ukraine in 1974. Her parents were chemists who worked at Taras Shevchenko National University. In 1996, Lishko graduated with a Specialist degree from Taras Shevchenko National University. She completed her Ph.D. in 2000 under the supervision of Oleg Alexandrovich Krishtal at the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology in Ukraine. At the Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, she met Yuriy Kirichok, whom she would later marry. Career After obtaining her Ph.D., Lishko was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University in the Rachelle Gaudet lab. From 2006 to 2011, she worked at the University of California, San Francisco. Since 2012, she has taught at the University of California, Berkeley and holds the position of associate professor. She was the first person to successfully perform electrophysiology on human sperm. Her lab currently focuses on sperm ion channels, sperm mitochondrial uncoupling, steroid hormones and ovarian aging, and bioactive lipid signalling in the choroid plexus. In 2016, her lab discovered the mechanism for how progesterone activates spermatozoa through the protein ABHD2. In 2022 she was awarded the Senior Cranefield Award by The Journal of General Physiology and The Society of General Physiologists for her work on sex steroids on potassium channels. References External links https://lishkolab.org/ Polina Lishko, Cellular and Developmental Biologist \| 2020 MacArthur Fellow 1974 births Living people 21st-century American women scientists American biophysicists MacArthur Fellows Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni Ukrainian emigrants to the United States University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty University of California, San Francisco faculty Women biophysicists
In geometry, a straight skeleton is a method of representing a polygon by a topological skeleton. It is similar in some ways to the medial axis but differs in that the skeleton is composed of straight line segments, while the medial axis of a polygon may involve parabolic curves. However, both are homotopy-equivalent to the underlying polygon. Straight skeletons were first defined for simple polygons by , and generalized to planar straight-line graphs (PSLG) by . In their interpretation as projection of roof surfaces, they are already extensively discussed by . Definition The straight skeleton of a polygon is defined by a continuous shrinking process in which the edges of the polygon are moved inwards parallel to themselves at a constant speed. As the edges move in this way, the vertices where pairs of edges meet also move, at speeds that depend on the angle of the vertex. If one of these moving vertices collides with a nonadjacent edge, the polygon is split in two by the collision, and the process continues in each part. The straight skeleton is the set of curves traced out by the moving vertices in this process. In the illustration the top figure shows the shrinking process and the middle figure depicts the straight skeleton in blue. Algorithms The straight skeleton may be computed by simulating the shrinking process by which it is defined; a number of variant algorithms for computing it have been proposed, differing in the assumptions they make on the input and in the data structures they use for detecting combinatorial changes in the input polygon as it shrinks. The following algorithms consider an input that forms a polygon, a polygon with holes, or a PSLG. For a polygonal input we denote the number of vertices by n and the number of reflex (concave, i.e., angle greater than ) vertices by r. If the input is a PSLG then we consider the initial wavefront structure, which forms a set of polygons, and again denote by n the number of vertices and by r the number of reflex vertices w.r.t. the propagation direction. Most of the algorithms listed here are designed and analyzed in the real RAM model of computation. Aichholzer et al. showed how to compute straight skeletons of PSLGs in time O(n3 log n), or more precisely time O((n2+f) log n), where n is the number of vertices of the input polygon and f is the number of flip events during the construction. The best known bound for f is O(n3). An algorithm with a worst case running time in O(nr log n), or simply O(n2 log n), is given by , who argue that their approach is likely to run in near-linear time for many inputs. Petr Felkel and Štěpán Obdržálek designed an algorithm for simple polygons that is said to have an efficiency of O(nr + n log r). However, it has been shown that their algorithm is incorrect. By using data structures for the bichromatic closest pair problem, Eppstein and Erickson showed how to construct straight skeleton problems using a linear number of closest pair data structure updates. A closest pair data structure based on quadtrees provides an O(nr + n log n) time algorithm, or a significantly more complicated data structure leads to the better asymptotic time bound , or more simply , where ε is any constant greater than zero. This remains the best worst-case time bound known for straight skeleton construction with unrestricted inputs, but is complicated and has not been implemented. For simple polygons in general position, the problem of straight skeleton construction is easier. Cheng, Mencel, and Vigneron showed how to compute the straight skeleton of simple polygons in time O(n log n log r + r4/3 + ε). In the worst case, r may be on the order of n, in which case this time bound may be simplified to O(n4/3+ε). If the vertices of the input polygon have O(log n)-bit rational coordinates, their algorithm can be improved to run in O(n log n) time, even if the input polygon is not in general position. A monotone polygon with respect to a line L is a polygon with the property that every line orthogonal to L intersects the polygon in a single interval. When the input is a monotone polygon, its straight skeleton can be constructed in time O(n log2 n). Applications Each point within the input polygon can be lifted into three-dimensional space by using the time at which the shrinking process reaches that point as the z-coordinate of the point. The resulting three-dimensional surface has constant height on the edges of the polygon, and rises at constant slope from them except for the points of the straight skeleton itself, where surface patches at different angles meet. In this way, the straight skeleton can be used as the set of ridge lines of a building roof, based on walls in the form of the initial polygon. The bottom figure in the illustration depicts a surface formed from the straight skeleton in this way. Demaine, Demaine and Lubiw used the straight skeleton as part of a technique for folding a sheet of paper so that a given polygon can be cut from it with a single straight cut (the fold-and-cut theorem), and related origami design problems. Barequet et al. use straight skeletons in an algorithm for finding a three-dimensional surface that interpolates between two given polygonal chains. Tănase and Veltkamp propose to decompose concave polygons into unions of convex regions using straight skeletons, as a preprocessing step for shape matching in image processing. Bagheri and Razzazi use straight skeletons to guide vertex placement in a graph drawing algorithm in which the graph drawing is constrained to lie inside a polygonal boundary. The straight skeleton can also be used to construct an offset curve of a polygon, with mitered corners, analogously to the construction of an offset curve with rounded corners formed from the medial axis. Tomoeda and Sugihara apply this idea in the design of signage, visible from wide angles, with an illusory appearance of depth. Similarly, Asente and Carr use straight skeletons to design color gradients that match letter outlines or other shapes. As with other types of skeleton such as the medial axis, the straight skeleton can be used to collapse a two-dimensional area to a simplified one-dimensional representation of the area. For instance, Haunert and Sester describe an application of this type for straight skeletons in geographic information systems, in finding the centerlines of roads. Every tree with no degree-two vertices can be realized as the straight skeleton of a convex polygon. The convex hull of the roof shape corresponding to this straight skeleton forms a Steinitz realization of the Halin graph formed from the tree by connecting its leaves in a cycle. Higher dimensions Barequet et al. defined a version of straight skeletons for three-dimensional polyhedra, described algorithms for computing it, and analyzed its complexity on several different types of polyhedron. Huber et al. investigated metric spaces under which the corresponding Voronoi diagrams and straight skeletons coincide. For two dimensions, the characterization of such metric spaces is complete. For higher dimensions, this method can be interpreted as a generalization of straight skeletons of certain input shapes to arbitrary dimensions by means of Voronoi diagrams. References External links 2D Straight Skeleton in CGAL, the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library Straight Skeleton for polygon with holes Straight Skeleton builder implemented in java. STALGO: "STALGO is an industrial-strength C++ software package for computing straight skeletons and mitered offset-curves." by Stefan Huber. Discrete geometry Computational geometry
General Wade Hampton Haislip (July 9, 1889 – December 23, 1971) was a senior United States Army officer who served in both World War I and World War II, where he led XV Corps on the Western Front from 1944 to 1945. He later became a four-star general, serving as Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army (VCSA) from 1949 to 1951. Military career Haislip was born in Woodstock, Virginia, on July 9, 1889, and moved at age two to Staunton, Virginia. He was commissioned a second lieutenant of infantry upon graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1912. Among his fellow graduates included several future general officers like Walton Walker, John Shirley Wood, Gilbert R. Cook, Harry J. Malony, William H. Wilbur, Walter M. Robertson, Franklin C. Sibert and Raymond O. Barton. Haislip served in Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 1914 after the Tampico Affair. From 1917 to 1921, he served with the American Expeditionary Forces, first in World War I, then in the occupation of Germany. During his time overseas his assignments included being on the General Staff of V Corps; Division Machine Gun Officer for the 3rd Division, and General Staff, U.S. Forces in Germany. During World War I he participated in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse–Argonne Offensive. He returned to West Point as an instructor from 1921 to 1923. He next attended a series of schools, beginning with the U.S. Army Infantry School from 1923 to 1924, then the Command and General Staff School from 1924 to 1925, and finally going back overseas to attend the French École supérieure de guerre from 1925 to 1927. He returned to the United States as assistant executive in the office of Assistant Secretary of War from 1928 to 1931, followed by the Army War College from 1931 to 1932, and an assignment as an instructor at the Command and General Staff School from 1932 to 1936. Prior to World War II he held a series of staff assignments, including time in the Budget and Legislative Planning Branch of the War Department General Staff from 1938 to 1941, and Assistant Chief-of-Staff for personnel. In World War II he served very briefly as assistant division commander (ADC) of the 4th Infantry Division. He organized the 85th Infantry Division and served as commander from April 1942 to February 1943 until he was succeeded by Brigadier General John B. Coulter, his ADC. He next took command of XV Corps and served with it through Normandy, France, Rhineland, and Central Europe campaigns. He became commander of Seventh United States Army, and was in that billet when World War II ended in August 1945. Following the war he was on the Secretary of War's Personnel Board from September 1945 to April 1946, and a senior member of the Chief-of-Staff's Advisory Group from 1946 to 1948. Prior to his selection in 1949 as Vice Chief of Staff he was Deputy Chief-of-Staff for administration, 1948–49. He retired in 1951. Haislip is responsible for introducing Dwight D. Eisenhower to Mamie Doud. Eisenhower was a second lieutenant and Haislip a first lieutenant at Fort Sam Houston at the time. At Eisenhower's funeral, he served as a pall-bearer. Major assignments Assistant Chief-of-Staff for personnel – February 9, 1941 to January 19, 1942 Assistant Division Commander, 4th Motorized Division – January 20, 1942 to March 9, 1942 Commander, 85th Infantry Division – March 9, 1942 to February 22, 1943 Commander, XV Corps – February 23, 1943 to June 1, 1945 Commander, Seventh United States Army – June 2, 1945 to July 23, 1946 President, Secretary of War's Personnel Board – August 23, 1945 to April 30, 1946 Senior member of the Chief-of-Staff's Advisory Group – May 15, 1946 to June 1, 1948 Special Assistant to the Chief-of-Staff, U.S. Army – June 1, 1948 to November 15, 1948 Deputy Chief-of-Staff for Administration – November 15, 1948 to August 23, 1949. Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army – August 23, 1949 to July 31, 1951 Post military career After retiring from active duty in 1951, Haislip went on to become Governor of the Soldier's Home in Washington, D.C., a position he filled from 1951 to 1966. Haislip died on December 23, 1971, at Walter Reed Army Medical Center after suffering a stroke, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His wife, the former Alice Jennings Shepherd (1897–1987), whom he had married on July 14, 1932, was later buried beside him. Dates of rank Source: Bibliography References External links Generals of World War II United States Army Officers 1939–1945 \|- \|- \|- 1889 births 1971 deaths United States Army personnel of World War I United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Military personnel from Virginia People from Staunton, Virginia People from Woodstock, Virginia Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Legion of Merit United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni United States Army Vice Chiefs of Staff United States Military Academy alumni United States Army generals of World War II United States Army generals United States Military Academy faculty
Kružlová (, until 1899: ; ) is a village and municipality in Svidník District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1414. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 285 metres and covers an area of 8.282 km². It has a population of about 565 people. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Villages and municipalities in Svidník District Šariš
GXQ may refer to: Ganxian District (Division code: GXQ), a district in the municipal region of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China Teniente Vidal Airfield (IATA: GXQ), an airport serving Coyhaique, Aysén Region, Chile
Procharista is a genus of moths in the family Lecithoceridae. Species Procharista ranongensis Park, 2009 Procharista sardonias Meyrick, 1922 Procharista spectabilosa Park, 2009 References Lecithocerinae Moth genera Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
John O'Brien (23 August 1919 – 19 December 1988), known as Seánie O'Brien, was an Irish hurler who played for club sides Éire Óg and Dicksboro and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lined out as a full-forward. Career O'Brien played hurling as a schoolboy with the Kilkenny CBS team that won the Leinster Junior Championship in 1934. At club level, he won four consecutive Kilkenny MAHC titles with the Éire Óg club. O'Brien progressed onto the club's senior team and won his sole Kilkenny SHC title after a defeat of Carrickshock in 1939. He later had a lengthy senior career with the Dicksboro club. O'Brien first appeared on the inter-county scene during a three-year tenure with the Kilkenny minor hurling team. He won All-Ireland MHC medals in 1935 and 1936 and was team captain in 1937. O'Brien subsequently earned a call-up to the Kilkenny senior hurling team and played at full-forward in the defeat of Cork in the 1939 All-Ireland final. He also won five leinster Championship medals and lined out in the All-Ireland finals of 1940, 1945 and 1946. O'Brien also won a Railway Cup medal with Leinster in 1941. Personal life and death Born in the Bishop's Hill area of Kilkenny, O'Brien was the son of James and Margaret O'Brien. After leaving school he trained as a stonemason with Cleere's Builders and he worked in Germany, the Netherlands and the United States. His sons, Seánie and Paddy O'Brien, played hurling with the James Stephens club and won All-Ireland MHC honours with Kilkenny in 1972. O'Brien died at St Luke's Hospital in Kilkenny on 19 December 1988, aged 69. Honours Éire Óg Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship: 1939 Kilkenny Minor Hurling Championship: 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 Kilkenny All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship: 1939 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship: 1939, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1946 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship: 1935, 1936 Leinster Minor Hurling Championship: 1935, 1936, 1937 (c) Leinster Railway Cup: 1941 References 1919 births 1988 deaths Éire Óg (Kilkenny) hurlers Dicksboro hurlers Kilkenny inter-county hurlers Leinster inter-provincial hurlers All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
George Robert Crosby (August 23, 1913 – March 9, 1993) was an American jazz singer and bandleader, best known for his group the Bob-Cats, which formed around 1935. The Bob-Cats were a New Orleans Dixieland-style jazz octet. He was the younger brother of famed singer and actor Bing Crosby. On TV, Bob Crosby guest-starred in The Gisele MacKenzie Show. He was also a regular cast member of The Jack Benny Program, on both radio and television, taking over the role of bandleader after Phil Harris' departure. Crosby hosted his own afternoon TV variety show on CBS, The Bob Crosby Show (1953–1957). Crosby received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for television and radio. Early years Crosby was born in Spokane, Washington, to bookkeeper Harry Lowe Crosby and Catherine "Kate" Harrigan, the daughter of a builder from County Mayo in Ireland. The couple had seven children: Larry, Everett, Ted, Harry (popularly known as Bing Crosby), Catherine, Mary Rose, and George Robert, popularly known as Bob. Crosby attended Gonzaga College, but he dropped out to seek a career in music. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Marines, leading a band for much of his time in service. Career Singer and bandleader Crosby began singing in the early 1930s with the Rhythm Boys, which included vocalist Ray Hendricks and guitarist Bill Pollard, and with Anson Weeks (1931–34) and the Dorsey Brothers (1934–35). He became a bandleader in 1935 after Ben Pollack's band broke up, and many of the former members of that group elected him to lead them. That year, he also recorded with the Clark Randall Orchestra led by Gil Rodin and featuring singer Frank Tennille (a.k.a. Clark Randall). Glenn Miller was a member of that orchestra, and they recorded Miller's novelty composition "When Icky Morgan Plays the Organ." Crosby's own band also formed a "band-within-the-band" called the Bob-Cats, a Dixieland octet including soloists from the larger orchestra, many of whom were from New Orleans. The band included at various times Ray Bauduc, Yank Lawson, Billy Butterfield, Charlie Spivak, Muggsy Spanier, Irving Fazola, Nappy Lamare, Jack Sperling, Joe Sullivan, Jess Stacy, Bob Haggart, Walt Yoder, and Bob Zurke. In the spring of 1940, during a performance in Chicago, teenager Doris Day was hired as the band's vocalist. For its theme song, the band chose George Gershwin's song "Summertime." The band's hits included "South Rampart Street Parade," "March of the Bob Cats," "In a Little Gypsy Tea Room," "Whispers in the Dark," "Day In, Day Out," "Down Argentine Way," "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby," "Dolores," and "New San Antonio Rose." A bass-and-drums duet between Haggart and Bauduc, "Big Noise from Winnetka," became a hit in 1938–39. There were reunions in the 1950s and 1960s. During that time there was a revival of interest in big band jazz, and Crosby worked for Disney studios and toured the midwest. Bob Haggart and Yank Lawson organized a band that combined dixieland and swing to try to carry on the legacy of Bob Crosby. From the late 1960s until the mid-1970s, the band was known as the World's Greatest Jazz Band, but when both became dissatisfied with the name they changed it to the Lawson-Haggart Jazz Band. Radio During World War II, Bob Crosby spent 18 months in the Marines touring with bands in the Pacific. His radio variety series, The Bob Crosby Show, aired on NBC and CBS in different runs from July 18, 1943, to July 16, 1950. This was followed by Club Fifteen on CBS from 1947 through 1953 minus a brief interlude when he was replaced as host by singer Dick Haymes during parts of 1949 and 1950. During his stint on Club Fifteen, he was teamed with the ever-popular Andrews Sisters three nights per week, singing with them and engaging in comedy skits. He first met the trio in 1938 when his orchestra backed their Decca recording of "Begin the Beguine," their popular vocalization of Artie Shaw's big band hit. One can't help when hearing these old Club Fifteen broadcasts how eerily similar Bob and the Andrews Sisters sound to the trio's very frequent and hugely successful pairings with brother Bing Crosby on the Decca label. Bob and Patty even scored a hit duet on Decca Records with their duet recording of the novelty "The Pussy Cat Song (Nyow! Nyot Nyow!)," which peaked at No. 12 on Billboard. A half-hour CBS daytime series, The Bob Crosby Show, followed from 1953 to 1957. Bob introduced the Canadian singer Gisele MacKenzie to American audiences and subsequently guest-starred in 1957 on her NBC television series, The Gisele MacKenzie Show. On September 14, 1952, he replaced Phil Harris as the bandleader on The Jack Benny Program, remaining until Benny retired the weekly radio show in May 1955 after 23 years. In joining the show, he became the leader of the same group of musicians who had played under Harris. According to Benny writer Milt Josefsberg, Crosby was hired for budget reasons. Because of strong competition from TV, the radio program budget had to be reduced, and so Bob replaced Phil. Prior to joining Benny on the radio, Crosby, who was based on the east coast, would often play with Benny during Benny's live New York appearances, and he was seen frequently throughout the 1950s on Benny's television series. As a performer, Crosby had tremendous charisma and wit combined with a laid-back persona. He was able to swap jokes competently with Benny, including humorous references to his brother Bing's wealth and his string of losing racehorses. An exchange during one of the popular Christmas programs ran thus: Crosby muses to Jack that he's bought gifts for everyone but band member Frank Remley. When Jack suggests "a cordial, like a bottle of Drambuie," Crosby counters that Drambuie is an after-dinner drink and adds, alluding to Remley's penchant for alcohol, that "Remley never quite makes it to after dinner." Television Bob Crosby guest-starred in the television series The Gisele MacKenzie Show. He also starred in his own afternoon variety show, The Bob Crosby show, that aired from 1953 to 1957. He also fronted a TV program in Australia in the 1960s. He was one of two featured singers (the other being Dennis Day) in mid-1950s episodes of The Jack Benny Program. Personal life Crosby's first marriage was to Marie Elizabeth Grounitz. They had a daughter, Elizabeth Ann. He married socialite June Kuhn at his home in Spokane on September 22, 1938. They had five children: Christopher, George, Stephen, Cathleen and Junie. Crosby died in La Jolla, California, on March 9, 1993, at 79, from complications of cancer. Awards and honors Crosby received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960, for television (at 6252 Hollywood Boulevard) and radio (at 6313 Hollywood Boulevard). Partial filmography Rhythm on the Roof (1934, short) – Himself Collegiate (1936) – Chorus Boy Paramount Headliner: Bob Crosby and His Orchestra (1938, short) – Orchestra Leader Let's Make Music (1941) – Himself Sis Hopkins (1941) – Jeff Farnsworth Rookies on Parade (1941) – Duke Wilson Abercrombie Had a Zombie (1941, short) – Himself Merry-Go-Roundup (1941, short) – Himself Holiday Inn (1942) – Orchestra Leader (uncredited) Reveille with Beverly (1943) – Himself Presenting Lily Mars (1943) – Himself Don't Hook Now (1943, short) – Himself Thousands Cheer (1943) – Himself See Here, Private Hargrove (1944) – Himself Pardon My Rhythm (1944) – Himself Kansas City Kitty (1944) – Jimmy The Singing Sheriff (1944) – Bob Richards My Gal Loves Music (1944) – Mel Murray Meet Miss Bobby Socks (1944) – Don Collins Pillow to Post (1945) – Clarence Wilson (scenes deleted) When You're Smiling (1950) – Himself Call Me Mister (1951) – Himself (uncredited) Stars in the Eye (1951) Two Tickets to Broadway (1951) – Orchestra Leader The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) – Spectator (uncredited) Down Among the Sheltering Palms (1952) – Himself (uncredited) Road to Bali (1952) – Himself (uncredited) Senior Prom (1958) – Bob Crosby The Five Pennies (1959) – Wil Paradise (final film role) References External links Big Band Library: Bob Crosby Solid!: Bob Crosby Bob Crosby recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. The Bob Crosby papers at the American Heritage Center Radio Lovers: The Bob Crosby Show with Eileen Barton 1913 births 1993 deaths Bob Crosby Bob Crosby 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American singers American bandleaders American male radio actors American male singers American people of English descent American people of Irish descent American radio personalities Bell Records artists Big band bandleaders Big bands Bing Crosby Bob Crosby Dixieland bandleaders Gonzaga University alumni Bob Crosby United States Marines American male jazz musicians Deaths from cancer in California United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
The following railroads operate in the U.S. state of Michigan. Common freight carriers Adrian and Blissfield Rail Road (ADBF) Ann Arbor Railroad (AA) Canadian National Railway (CN) through subsidiaries Grand Trunk Western Railroad (GTW), Sault Ste. Marie Bridge Company (SSAM), and Wisconsin Central Ltd. (WC) Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) through subsidiary Soo Line Railroad (SOO) Charlotte Southern Railroad (CHS) Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRSH, CSAO) Coopersville and Marne Railway (CPMY) CSX Transportation (CSXT) Delray Connecting Railroad (DC) Detroit Connecting Railroad (DCON) Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad (ELS) Grand Elk Railroad (GDLK) Grand Rapids Eastern Railroad (GR) Great Lakes Central Railroad (GLC) Hamilton Northwestern Railroad (HNW) Huron and Eastern Railway (HESR) Indiana Northeastern Railroad (IN) Indiana and Ohio Railway (IORY) Jackson and Lansing Railroad (JAIL) Lake State Railway (LSRC) Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad (LSI) Lapeer Industrial Railroad (LIRR) Marquette Rail, LLC (MQT) Michigan Shore Railroad (MS) Michigan Southern Railroad (MSO) Mid-Michigan Railroad (MMRR) Mineral Range Railroad (MRA) Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) West Michigan Railroad (WMI) Private freight carriers Carmeuse Lime & Limestone Port Inland Railroad Passenger carriers Adrian & Blissfield Railroad (ADBF) Amtrak (AMTK) Charlotte Southern Railroad (CHS) Coopersville and Marne Railway Detroit People Mover ExpressTram Michigan State Trust for Railway Preservation QLine Southern Michigan Railroad Defunct railroads Passenger carriers Alanson and Petoskey Railroad Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O, BO): trackage rights to Detroit for passenger trains only Boyne Valley Railroad Western State Normal Railroad Electric Adrian Electric Street Railway Adrian Street Railway Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti Electric Railway Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti Street Railway Bay Cities Consolidated Railway Benton Harbor and St. Joseph Electric Railway Citizens' Street Railway (Battle Creek) Citizens' Street Railway (Kalamazoo) City Electric Railway (Detroit) City Electric Railway (Port Huron) Consolidated Street Railway Crystal Lake Railway Detroit Railway Detroit and Chicago Traction Company Detroit Citizens' Street Railway Detroit Electric Railway Detroit and Flint Railway Detroit, Fort Wayne and Belle Isle Railway Detroit, Howell and Lansing Railway Detroit and Lake St. Clair Railway Detroit, Lake Shore and Mt. Clemens Railway Detroit, Mount Clemens and Marine City Railway Detroit and Northwestern Railway Detroit, Plymouth and Northville Railway Detroit and Pontiac Railway Detroit and Port Huron Shore Line Railway Detroit and River St. Clair Railway Detroit, Rochester, Romeo and Lake Orion Railway Detroit and Toledo Shore Line Railroad Detroit, Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor Railway Detroit, Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor and Jackson Railway Detroit United Railway Detroit and Utica Railway Escanaba Electric Street Railway Grand Haven Street Railway Grand Rapids Railway Grand Rapids, Belding and Ionia Railway Grand Rapids and Chicago Railway Grand Rapids, Grand Haven and Muskegon Railway Grand Rapids, Holland and Lake Michigan Rapid Railway Grand Rapids and Saginaw Railroad Highland Park Railway Holland and Lake Michigan Railway Houghton County Traction Company Inter-Urban Railway Jackson and Ann Arbor Railway Jackson and Battle Creek Traction Company Jackson Street Railway Jackson and Suburban Traction Company Kalamazoo, Gull Lake and Northern Railroad Lansing City Railway Lansing City Electric Railway Lansing, Dexter and Ann Arbor Railway Lansing, St. Johns and St. Louis Railway Manistee, Filer City and Eastlake Railway Marinette Gas, Electric Light and Street Railway Marquette City and Presque Isle Railway Menominee Electric Light, Railway and Power Company Michigan Railroad (MRC) Michigan Railway Michigan Traction Company Michigan United Railways Mount Clemens and Lake Side Traction Company Muskegon Railway Muskegon Street Railway Muskegon Traction and Lighting Company Negaunee and Ishpeming Street Railroad Negaunee and Ishpeming Street Railway and Electric Company North Detroit Electric Railway Owosso and Corunna Electric Company Owosso and Corunna Traction Company Port Huron, St. Clair and Marine City Rapid Railroad Rapid Railway Saginaw Consolidated Street Railway Saginaw Suburban Railway Saginaw Valley Traction Company St. Joseph and Benton Harbor Street Railway Saugatuck, Douglass and Lake Shore Railway South Grand Rapids Street Railway South Haven and Paw Paw Lake Electric Railway Southern Michigan Traction Company Toledo, Adrian and Jackson Railway Trans-St. Mary's Traction Company Twin City General Electric Company Union Street Railway West Michigan Traction Company Wyandotte and Detroit River Railway Miniature railroads Defunct Michigan AuSable Valley Railroad Notes References Michigan Railroads
Tsesis may refer to: Alexander Tsesis, American constitutional scholar Cēsis, town in Latvia
Buliisa District is a district in Western Uganda. As with most Ugandan districts, Buliisa District is named after its "main town" Buliisa, where the district headquarters are located. Bugungu has 6 sub counties Kigwera, Ngwedo, Buliisa, Butiaba, Kihungya, and Biiso and 3 town councils (Buliisa, Butiaba and Biiso). Location Buliisa District is bordered by Pakwach District to the northwest, Nwoya District to the northeast, Masindi District to the east, Hoima District to the south and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, across Lake Albert, to the west. The 'main town' in the district, Buliisa, is located approximately , by road, northwest of Masindi, the nearest large town. Buliisa Town is approximately , by road, north of Hoima, the largest city in the Bunyoro sub-region. Overview Buliisa District was created in 2006 by the Ugandan Parliament. Prior to that, Buliisa District was part of Masindi District. The district is primarily rural and most people in the district are either pastoralists, fisherpeople or subsistence agriculturalists. The district is part of Bunyoro sub-region, which is coterminous with Bunyoro Kingdom. As of October 2020, the districts that comprise Bunyoro Kingdom include: 1. Buliisa District 2. Masindi District 3. Kiryandongo District 4. Hoima District 5. Kikuube District 6. Kakumiro District 7. Kibaale District and 8. Kagadi District. Population The 1991 national population census enumerated the population of the district at 47,709. In 2002, the national census conducted that year enumerated the district population at 63,363. On 27 August 2014, the national population census and household survey enumerated the population of Buliisa District at 113,161. In July 2020, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the mid-year population of the district at 149,300 people. Of these, approximately 78,300 (52.4 percent) were males and approximately 71,000 (47.6 percent) were females. UBOS estimates that the district population grew at an average annual rate of 4.86 percent, between 2014 and 2020. During the first 20 years of the 2000s, a considerable amount of crude oil deposits have been discovered in the district. The Ugandan Government is in the final stages of preparing to start extracting the oil discovered in Buliisa and the neighboring districts. the main central processing unit is located in Kasinyi ngwedo sub-county, this point will collect all the oil from Murchison falls national park barrels before forwarding it to Kaiso. Polish Refugee Camp A Polish refugee camp was established in the area of Nyabyeya (now part of the Nyabyeya Forestry College in the southern part of Buliisa District) as part of the Evacuation of Polish civilians from the USSR in World War II. The refugee camp existed from 1939 to 1948. The Our Lady Queen of Poland Catholic Church and it's graveyard are maintained to this day. The Tribes in Buliisa The prominent chief clan of Alur who migrated from Jagi in early 1921 grave yard was discovered in Ngwedo sub county bulisa district and believed that this might have made the greater migration of Alur settlement around Kabalega National park. Chonga was a great hunter who settled in Ngwedo sub county and the grave yard was discovered. they used to cross the lake Albert via Chogo Liech which is commonly located between Kisiabi and Kabolwa at chwa 11.The migration of Chonga had opened the Alur migration from Eastern DRC, and west nile into the district. \|colwidth=15em\| Alur ((Bagungu)) Bunyoro Western Uganda Uganda Districts References External links Official Website Bunyoro sub-region Districts of Uganda Western Region, Uganda Lake Albert (Africa)
The Awful Fate of Melpomenus Jones is a very short story by Stephen Leacock. It was re-published in Literary Lapses in 1910. It is read by John Le Mesurier on a 1976 LP What Is Going To Become Of Us All? It was made into a short movie by Gerald Potterton in 1983. It tells the story of a young curate, Melpomenus Jones who could not bear to say goodbye. He visits some friends and becomes trapped. After a couple of weeks he falls into "raging delirium of fever". After a month, the angels decided his stay was over, and he died. "I would just like to say that I read this for school, I am very upset now. I do not suggest reading this for fun, it is too sadly relatable." - Recently Distraught Story Reader. References Books by Stephen Leacock Short stories adapted into films
Materials MASINT is one of the six major disciplines generally accepted to make up the field of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), with due regard that the MASINT subdisciplines may overlap, and MASINT, in turn, is complementary to more traditional intelligence collection and analysis disciplines such as SIGINT and IMINT. MASINT encompasses intelligence gathering activities that bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT). According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that – when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems – results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986. Materials intelligence is one of the major MASINT disciplines. As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MASINT Studies and Research, which divides MASINT into Electro-optical, Nuclear, Geophysical, Radar, Materials, and Radiofrequency disciplines. Materials MASINT involves the collection, processing, and analysis of gas, liquid, or solid samples, is critical in defense against chemical, biological, and radiological threats (CBR), or nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC), as well as more general safety and public health activities. It should be distinguished from the discipline of technical intelligence, which does overlap this discipline. To understand the difference, consider that there are multiple ways to understand the propellant of a new enemy weapon. A technical intelligence analyst would work with a captured example of the weapon, or at least pieces of it, to come to that understanding. The technical intelligence analyst might eventually fire the weapon under controlled circumstances. In contrast, a materials MASINT analyst would collect information on the weapon principally through remote sensing directed on the enemy's use of the weapon. The materials MASINT analysis may learn more about the way the enemy actually uses the weapon, while the technical intelligence analyst may understand more about the manufacture, maintainability, and skills required to use the weapon. Disciplines MASINT is made up of six major disciplines, but the disciplines overlap and intertwine. They interact with the more traditional intelligence disciplines of HUMINT, IMINT, and SIGINT. To be more confusing, while MASINT is highly technical and is called such, TECHINT is another discipline, dealing with such things as the analysis of captured equipment. An example of the interaction is "imagery-defined MASINT (IDM)". In IDM, a MASINT application would measure the image, pixel by pixel, and try to identify the physical materials, or types of energy, that are responsible for pixels or groups of pixels: signatures. When the signatures are then correlated to precise geography, or details of an object, the combined information becomes something greater than the whole of its IMINT and MASINT parts. The Center for MASINT Studies and Research breaks MASINT into: Electro-optical MASINT Nuclear MASINT Geophysical MASINT Radar MASINT Radiofrequency MASINT Materials MASINT Samples for materials MASINT can be collected by automatic equipment, such as air samplers, indirectly by humans. Samples, once collected, may be rapidly characterized or undergo extensive forensic laboratory analysis to determine the identity and characteristics of the sources of the samples. Materials collection The Fuchs (German for Fox) NBC reconnaissance vehicle is an example of the tactical state of the art for land warfare. This system, in various versions, is used by Germany, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Norway, the UK, the US and UAE. German forces first used it in Kosovo, but the US bought the German units for use in Desert Storm, after modifying it into the XM93. This vehicle can keep up with moving troops, detecting liquid and vapor hazards. Newer versions, like the M1135 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBCRV), have enhanced radiation survey, meteorological, chemical, and biological sensors, as well as computer support for . The newer systems are intended for both a CBR battlefield and release other than attack (ROTA) events. ROTA events include industrial accidents as well as terrorist incidents. Its computer systems, complemented by meteorological information and signature information on the CBR agents, can predict propagation and report it using tactical symbols and NBC reports NATO standards ATP45(C). For airborne sample collection, the pattern increasingly is to use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Still, for long-range missions, a U-2 or reconnaissance version of the C-135 (US) or Nimrod (UK) might be used. Chemical materials MASINT There are a wide range of reasons to do chemical analysis of substances to which one's own forces are exposed, as well as learning the nature and signatures of a wide range of chemicals used by other nations. Ammunition, explosive, and rocket propellant analysis Traditional chemical analysis, as well as techniques such as spectroscopy using remote laser excitation, are routine parts of materials intelligence, in contrast to TECHINT evaluating the firing of the material. Chemical warfare and improvised chemical devices Since the advent of chemical warfare in the First World War, there has been an urgent operational requirement for detecting chemical attacks. Early methods depended on color changes in chemically treated paper, or even more lengthy and insensitive manual methods. To assess a modern chemical sensor, several parameters can be combined to create a figure of merit called the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). These parameters are sensitivity, probability of correct detection, false positive rate and response time. Ideally, the device can have the parameters adjusted for specific situation. It may be more important that the device has a low false positive rate (i.e., is selective, with a low rate of false negatives) or is maximally sensitive, which means accepting false positives. ROC curves are commonly drawn to show sensitivity as a function of false positive rate for a given detection confidence and response time. Too high a false positive rate, without an operator that understands the context, can cause real alarms to be ignored. In an environment where terrorists may improvise, it is not enough to detect formal chemical weapons, but at least 100 highly toxic industrial chemicals from which a weapon could be improvised. . Modern chemical weapon detection is highly automated. One technique involves continual sampling of air through a nondispersive infrared analyzer. More complex instrumentation, such as gas chromatographs coupled to mass spectrometers, are standard laboratory techniques that need to be modified for the field. chemical analysis capability is built around an MM-1 mobile mass spectrometer and air/surface sampler. The US version adds the M43A1 detector component of the first US automatic chemical detector, the 1970s vintage M8. After Desert Storm field experience, where troops had overestimated the detection capability of the highly selective, but not extremely sensitive, MM-1. A Remote Sensing Chemical Agent Alarm (M21), which is a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, a form of infrared spectroscopy, that exploits the property that organophosphates, to which the nerve agents belong, have a distinctive signature. The M21 detects chemical agent hazards at line-of-sight distance up to five kilometers away. Adding the M21 has improved the Fox’s vapor detection capabilities and provides more advance warning of a possible vapor chemical warfare agent hazard. The M21 does not know if it is sensing a specific chemical warfare such as Sarin or an organophosphate insecticide such as malathion. This means that a sensor may give false positives. Malathion, for example, while not as toxic as a true chemical weapon, very well could be used by terrorists or could be spilled by an accident, in a concentration that may be dangerous. The insecticide parathion is sufficiently toxic that it might be tried as an improvised chemical attack. More specific chemical detectors, however, have tended to have either the signatures of chemical weapons or of industrial chemicals. The M21 will be succeeded by the Artemis, formerly the Joint Service Lightweight Standoff Chemical Agent Detector (JSLSCAD), which, as opposed to the narrow field of view of the M21, has 360 degree ground coverage and 60 degree air coverage. The Navy is the program manager for Artemis. It is based on LASER radar (LIDAR), detects chemical agent aerosols, vapor, and surface contamination, and gives range from the sensor to the threat. Artemis is being made by a team from Intelletic, Honeywell Technology Center, OPTRA, Inc. and Recon/Optical, Inc. Artemis is not man-portable, so the Army is managing a program for Automatic Chemical Agent Detector and Alarm (ACADA), which will replace the existing M8A1, and operate with the M279 Surface Sampler. This system can be used on helicopters and ships as well as in vehicles or on a ground tripod. The handheld Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM) is a hand-held device for monitoring specific chemical agent (i.e., mustard and nerve gas) contamination on surfaces. It works by sensing the molecular ions of specific mobilities (time-of-flight), with software to help analysis. JCAD, the Joint Chemical Agent Detector, is pocket-sized detector that will detect, identify and quantify chemical agents, in real time, on ships and aircraft. It uses surface acoustic wave technology. The Air Force manages the contract with BAE. Being built by TRW for the US Marine Corps, the Joint Service Lightweight Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance System (JSLNBCRS) is vehicle-mounted in the HMMWV and LAV. It will detect chemical agents using mass spectrometry. The Proengin AP2C handheld chemical warfare (CW) agent detector uses flame spectroscopy. It had been restricted to CW agents (AP2C detector) or industrial compounds (toxic industrial materials (TIMS) detector). The newer A4C can detect true chemical agents, as well 49 of 58 chemicals on NATO’s toxic industrial chemical (TIC)/TIM list while avoiding common false positives such as methyl salicylate (synthetic oil of wintergreen). The emitted light is sensed through element-specific filters (AP2C) or on height sensitive spectrometer. The latter directs the light to a diffraction grating on a multi-photodiode detector. A different approach than troop protection may be appropriate for wide-area chemical survey. The Chemical Agent Dual-Detection Identification Experiment (CADDIE) was developed by the US Navy as a feasibility demonstration of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using onboard sensors to locate a suspicious cloud, and then drop disposable ChemSonde sensors into it. This system demonstrated several characteristics of modern MASINT: a broad-look capability, as with pushbroom radar, and then a close-look with the disposable sensors. The sensors are released from an off-the-shelf ALE-47 Countermeasure Dispenser System, which normally holds chaff, flares, or expendable jammers. Biological materials MASINT In modern materials analysis, the line between chemical and biological methods can blur, since immunochemistry, an important discipline, uses biologically created reagents to detect chemical and biological substances. Key characteristics of a technique that can be adapted to field use, as opposed to slow and labor-intensive methods such as culture-based identification, depend on a probe that recognizes and reacts with a molecule, receptor, or other feature of the organism, and a separate transducer recognizes the positive results of the probe and provides it to the operator. The combination is what determines analysis time, sensitivity and specificity. The major families of probe methods are: nucleic acid, antibody/antigen binding, and ligand/receptor interactions. Transducer techniques include: electrochemical, piezoelectric, colorimetric, and optical spectrometric systems. Biological warfare detection A wide range of analytical tools are used in modern microbiological laboratories, and many can be adapted to field use Some that have been adapted include: Hand-held assays (HHA), similar to pregnancy test strips. Price per operational panel of 8: $65.11, as of 1 Oct 2012. Electrochemicaluminescence immunoassay, to be in the M1-M analyzer scheduled for 2005. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for confirmatory tests. Available for 10 biological agents in 2004. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis ELISA on particles filtered from the air. The original Fuchs, and the slightly modified version fielded by the US in 1991, had biological protection for the crew, but no biological analysis capability. An interim version, the Fuchs biological reconnaissance system (BRS), continually monitored outside air for particulate matter that could be biological weapons, and, if detected would transfer them to a biological safety cabinet (i.e., sealed glove box) for analysis using a variety of genetic and immunologic tests. This interim version, however, involves an NBC Field Laboratory set of vehicles and shelters, not a single mobile system: Radiation and HazMat (Hazardous Materials) Analysis Lab Shelter Biological Analysis Lab Shelters Chemical Analysis Lab Shelter Command and Sampling Vehicle (the Fuchs proper) The entire system is transportable by air, ship, or truck (the latter with the Command and Sampling Vehicle self-deploying). The latest Fuchs 2 version, ordered by the UAE in March 2005 for delivery in 2007, will feature an integrated equipment set, to go inside the glove box, for detecting biological weapons. Analytical methods include ELISA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high performance (also called high pressure) liquid chromatography (HPLC). These methods rarely can instantly identify a biological agent, but can give preliminary results, with an adequate sample, in minutes to hours. The Fuchs 2 also has weather sensors that can help predict the propagation of contaminants. See weather MASINT. The US Army is implementing an interim Biological Integrated Detection System (BIDS) made by the team Bio Road, Bruker Analytical Systems, Environmental Technologies Group, Harris Corp, and Marion Composites . Also under the Army is the Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS), which will succeed the Army's BIDS. It will also replace the Navy IBADS and give initial capability to the Air Force and Marines. It has complementary trigger, sampler, detector and identification technologies to rapidly and automatically detect and identify biological threat agents. Multiple agents will be detected in a maximum of 15 minutes. JBPDS is built by Batelle and Lockheed Martin. China also has a BW detection capability. In keeping with the definition of BW as "public health in reverse," PRC writings on the subject treat the matter more in terms of infectious disease control, an approach that is standard everywhere. As one would expect, considerable amount of research has been conducted in China on potential BW agents including tularemia, Q fever, plague, anthrax, West and Eastern Equine Encephalitis, psittacosis, among others. Some specialized equipment has also been fielded in some unspecified numbers to counter the threat of BW to PLA troops: Type 76 Microbe Sampling Kit: First introduced in 1975, and includes the 76-1 variant, this portable laboratory can test surface, waterborne, and airborne particles to determine the presence of BW agent threats, and it also has five different types of insect and small animal reference specimens. Resembling a low-tech gravitation/settle plate, a small, rotating mechanism is placed windward, and aerosol particles will adhere to the sampling or petri dish. Disinfectant is supplied along with culturing supplies. Large-Volume Electrostatic Air Sampler: This equipment has no classification number, and little information is provided concerning its attributes. It probably is similar to the corona discharge-based large volume air sampler (LVAS) used in the West. This technology in general offers excellent results, and it is capable of isolating viral particles from the air, including rabies and human respiratory disease viruses. JWL-I Model Bioaerosol Sampler: Like the LVAS mentioned above, the reference to this equipment offers little in the way of details. This automated air sampler resembles most closely a single stage impactor, drawing in air and depositing aerosolized particles onto agar for further testing. An example of this type of instrumentation is the Casella slit-to-agar, a single-stage impactor used in civilian environmental monitoring. WJ-85 microbiological laboratory vehicles were introduced in 1984, which could have resulted in a motorized laboratory platform, described as somewhere between "a railway car and a sedan", is separated into three sections, with airtight sealed gaskets on the doorways. The forward section houses the driver and carriage for occupants, the midsection contains the laboratory room (See Mobile BW Assessment Laboratory), and the rear section contains a decontamination apparatus plus extra clothing. Laboratory equipment includes a glass glove box for handling infectious material, a bacteriostatic device, a refrigerator, an incubator (hengwenxiang), a fluorescent microscope, an inverted microscope, culture media, diagnostic reagents, cell culture instruments, etc. A separate station allows testing for bacteria and viruses, accommodating up to four people. Some 200 bacteria and 50 virus samples for reference and identification are supplied with the laboratory vehicle. Biological counterproliferation MASINT One of the challenges of preventing the proliferation of biological warfare capability is verifying that a legitimate bioengineering facility is not producing weapons. Since many completely legal processes involve trade secrets, production facilities can be reluctant to allow detailed inspection and sampling of what might be a commercial advantage. The Henry L. Stimson Center has done a good deal of conceptual work on an inspection regimen, in which inspectors would use biological tests that looked for genetic materials associated with known weapons. Even when a potential weapon, such as Clostridium botulinum exotoxin (Botox or "botulinus toxin") is discovered, the amounts or preparation may be such that it can be established the use is for legitimate medical, veterinary, or research applications. These approaches to detecting violations of "dual use" also have the potential for recognizing epidemic organisms in a public health context. Personnel detectors A Vietnam-era sensor, the XM2, generally known as the "people sniffer", detected ammonia concentrations in air, which indicated the presence of groups of people or animals. While it was sensitive, but not selective for people, many water buffalo became targets. Nevertheless, it was considered the best sensor used by the 9th Infantry Division, because, as opposed to other MASINT and SIGINT sensors, it could give helicopter-borne troops real-time detection of targets As seen in the attached chart, it is compared, in terms of timeliness, to a number of other sensors. Nuclear test analysis Monitoring nuclear tests involves both chemical analysis, part of materials MASINT, and analysis of the radioactive emissions of samples, which crosses materials and nuclear MASINT. Not all nuclear MASINT involves materials analysis; see space-based radiation and EMP MASINT sensors. Nuclear tests, including underground tests that vent into the atmosphere, produce fallout that not only indicates that a nuclear event has taken place, but, through radiochemical analysis of radionuclides in the fallout, characterize the technology and source of the device. MASINT collection of fallout is most commonly done with airborne dust traps, either on manned aircraft or drones. During FY 1974, SAC missions were flown to gather information on Chinese and French tests. U-2R aircraft, in Operation OLYMPIC RACE, flew missions, near Spain, to capture actual airborne particles that meteorologists predicted would be in that airspace. Another portion of this program involved a US Navy ship, in international waters, that sent unmanned air sampling drones into the cloud. So, in 1974, both U-2R and drone aircraft captured actual airborne particles from nuclear blasts for the MASINT discipline of nuclear Materials Intelligence. In the current M1135 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, Reconnaissance Vehicle and previous US NBC tactical monitoring vehicle, the M93 Fox (which is derived from the German radiation detection version of the TPz Fuchs), is built around the AN/VDR2 Radioactivity, Detection, Indication, and Computation (RADIAC) set, capable of measuring beta and gamma radiation both inside and outside the vehicle. This system was first used during DESERT STORM. It is not only important to detect that a nuclear event occurred, but what produced the event. In the context of the North Korean tests, one proposed method involved measuring xenon concentrations in the air. Xenon is a by-product of different fissionable materials' reactions, so could be used to distinguish if air sampling from a North Korean test, either atmospheric testing or leakage from an underground test, could be used to determine if the bomb was nuclear, and, if so, whether the Primary was plutonium or highly enriched uranium (HEU) References Measurement and signature intelligence
Composer Howard Shore has received many awards and nominations over the course of his career. These include three Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards and four Grammy Awards. Major Awards Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards Critics' Choice Movie Awards Golden Globe Awards Grammy Awards Primetime Emmy Awards Miscellaneous awards American Film Institute Awards Cannes Film Festival Central Ohio Film Critics Association Awards Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Denver Film Critics Society Awards Film Fest Ghent Gotham Awards Hollywood Music in Media Awards Indiana Film Journalists Association Awards International Cinephile Society Awards International Film Music Critics Association Awards Krakow Film Music Festival Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards Locarno International Film Festival Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards National Board of Review Awards Online Film & Television Association Awards Online Film Critics Society Awards Palm Springs International Film Festival Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards San Diego Film Critics Society Awards Satellite Awards Saturn Awards Seattle Film Critics Awards Society of Composers & Lyricists St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards World Soundtrack Awards References Shore, Howard
The name Nadine has been used for twelve tropical cyclones worldwide; three in the Atlantic Ocean and nine in the Western Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean: Tropical Storm Nadine (2000), did not threaten land. Hurricane Nadine (2012), long-lived hurricane that churned in the open ocean. Tropical Storm Nadine (2018), never affected land. In the Western Pacific Ocean: Typhoon Nadine (1948) (T4804) Typhoon Nadine (1956) (T5621) Typhoon Nadine (1960) (T6004) Typhoon Nadine (1962) (T6237) Tropical Storm Nadine (1965) (T6519, 22W) Tropical Storm Nadine (1968) (T6805, 08W, Didang) Typhoon Nadine (1971) (T7118, Sisang) Tropical Storm Nadine (1974) (T7417, Norming) Tropical Storm Nadine (1978) (T7801) Atlantic hurricane set index articles Pacific typhoon set index articles
Adrian Burns (born 5 August 1971) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon and St Kilda in the Australian Football League (AFL). Burns came to Essendon from Dromana, as the 51st selection of the 1988 VFL Draft. He was a member of the Essendon side which won the 1990 Foster's Cup, kicking two goals in the grand final. He made seven regular season appearances for Essendon that year and also participated in their semi final loss to Collingwood. His collision with Alan Richardson in that game resulting in the Collingwood player breaking his collarbone, which would cost him a spot in their premiership team. Having not played a single senior game in the 1992 and 1993 seasons, Burns made his way to St Kilda in the 1994 Pre-Season Draft, but would make only four appearances. References 1971 births Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Essendon Football Club players St Kilda Football Club players Living people
Altman is a 2014 documentary film about the life and career of film director Robert Altman. The film was directed and produced by Ron Mann. It features brief contributions by several actors who had appeared in Altman's films, such as Robin Williams, Bruce Willis, Julianne Moore, Michael Murphy and Elliott Gould, as well as director Paul Thomas Anderson, who served as a "backup" director on A Prairie Home Companion. Synopsis The film focuses in part on the problems Altman faced over the course of his filmmaking career, including writing screenplays (he sold a script to RKO for the 1948 picture Bodyguard) after World War II, and working as a director and writer of industrial films for the Calvin Company, and for television. Altman rose to prominence in the 1970s with films such as MASH and The Long Goodbye, before commercial flops forced a flight to Europe in the 1980s with projects such as Popeye. Then, Altman enjoyed a career revival in the 1990s with The Player. The film also features commentary from Altman's wife and children, discussing their relationships and memories of him, and is peppered with short segments with Altman collaborators, each giving a synonym for the term "Altmanesque", in reference to Altman's methods. Reception The film received moderately positive reviews. The film holds a 67% rating on review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian praised the film, only saying that, "Ron Mann's terrifically warm and generous documentary tribute to Robert Altman is, for me, spoiled only fractionally by its gimmick of putting the director's famous collaborators on the spot, on-camera, and demanding a synonym for 'Altmanesque'." Mark Kermode of The Observer was, likewise, critical of Mann's choices, stating, "Home-movie footage and well-sourced TV/movie clips provide a tantalising patchwork upon which the narrative fails to build, with investigation of Altman's methods limited to platitudes about a script being little more than a blueprint, and fleeting descriptions of his sound-recording techniques." Accolades The film received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Editing in a Documentary at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards. References External links 2014 films Documentary films about film directors and producers Documentary films about the film industry 2014 documentary films Films directed by Ron Mann 2010s English-language films 2010s Canadian films
George Mackenzie may refer to: People George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh (1636–1691), Scottish lawyer George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Cromartie (1630–1714), Scottish Secretary of State George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth (died 1651), Highland clan chief and Scottish nobleman George Mackenzie (died 1760) (c. 1662–1760), MP for Inverness Burghs, 1710–13 Sir George Mackenzie, 4th Baronet (c. 1702–1748), MP for Cromarty, 1729–34 George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Cromartie (c. 1703–1766), Scottish nobleman George Mackenzie (1741–1787), army officer at Great Siege of Gibraltar George Mackenzie (Royal Navy officer) (died 1780), British admiral Sir George Mackenzie, 7th Baronet (1780–1848), Scottish mineralogist George Henry Mackenzie (1837–1891), Scottish-American chess master George MacKenzie (wrestler) (1890–1956), British champion wrestler George K. MacKenzie (1910–1943), U.S. Navy officer George P. MacKenzie (1873–1953), former administrator for the Canadian Yukon George Sutherland Mackenzie (1844–1910), British businessman and explorer George Mackenzie, a nickname of professional baseball player Kenji Johjima (born 1975) Ships USS George K. MacKenzie, a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy
Matthew Charles Fisher (born 7 March 1946) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his longtime association with the rock band Procol Harum, which included playing the Hammond organ on the 1967 single "A Whiter Shade of Pale", for which he subsequently won a songwriting credit. In his later life he became a computer programmer, having qualified from Cambridge University. Biography Early life and career Fisher was born and grew up in Addiscombe, Croydon. He attended Selhurst Grammar School. He started playing in bands in his teens, initially playing bass guitar, but around 1964, after hearing The Animals and Georgie Fame, he decided that he would prefer to be an organist instead. He briefly considered a career as a music teacher. He enrolled for classical training at the Guildhall School of Music, but after a year he dropped out, obtained two Vox Continental organs, and used them on tour with The Gamblers, the backing band to Billy Fury. After The Gamblers, he played with various local groups before joining Peter Jay and the Jaywalkers in 1966. While on tour with the Jaywalkers, he met Ian McLagan, organist with Small Faces, and became fascinated with the sound of the Hammond M102 organ and Leslie speaker that McLagan used. After borrowing money from his grandmother, he bought the same model of Hammond and started advertising for gigs in the Melody Maker. He quickly discovered that owning a Hammond made him in great demand as a musician, saying "Having a Hammond was like having a licence to print money", and by the end of the year found regular work with Screaming Lord Sutch's backing group The Savages, playing alongside Ritchie Blackmore. Consequently, Gary Brooker and Keith Reid were keen to recruit him for their new group, Procol Harum, and decided to visit him at his Croydon home to discuss the formation of the band. Procol Harum Fisher joined Procol Harum at the start of 1967 though he kept touring with Sutch for a brief while. While all the band had experience in other groups, Fisher was the only one with formal music training. He recalls that "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was originally four verses and ten minutes long, with solos improvised in between by Fisher and Brooker. When it came to recording the song it was cut to two verses and it was decided that Fisher should do all the solos. Furthermore, he felt, after seeing the sheet music to "A Whiter Shade of Pale", that he deserved a co-composition credit for coming up with the well-known introduction and solo passages throughout the song. Brooker and Reid, who had composed the basic structure of the song before recruiting Fisher, refused. While "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was an immediate success, reaching number 1 in the UK charts for several weeks, Fisher doesn't recall the time as being a happy one for the band. Intending to be an underground band they were not accustomed to having a hit single, and he was unimpressed with the band's early gigs. The arrival of guitarist Robin Trower and drummer B.J. Wilson to Procol Harum in mid-1967 seemed to bring some stability to the band. Fisher's first official songwriting credit was for the instrumental "Repent Walpurgis" on the band's debut album, which was transformed by Trower playing a blues-influenced solo over the top of Fisher's classically influenced organ lines. Nevertheless, in response to his lack of co-writing credits (particularly over "A Whiter Shade of Pale"), being at odds with Brooker, Trower and Wilson (who had all grown up together in Southend on Sea and previously played in The Paramounts), and still suffering from the death of his father in 1965, Fisher wanted to leave Procol Harum. Despite being talked out of it, he would continue to attempt to leave the band on several occasions over the next two and a half years until finally departing at the end of 1969. Although no longer involved directly in recording and touring, Fisher continued as a producer for the group. After Trower left in 1971 for a solo career, he briefly rejoined the band, with bandmate Chris Copping moving full-time onto bass. He was unhappy with the financial situation of the band, and with Trower's replacement, Dave Ball, and so left again, this time acrimoniously, to become a full-time producer for CBS. Production In addition to his work with Procol Harum, he was producer to Robin Trower, James Dewar and Tir Na Nog (among others); and enjoyed a solo career, being especially popular in Greece, where his 1980 song "Why'd I Have to Fall in Love with You" is considered a classic. His solo albums include Journey's End (1973), I'll Be There (1974), Matthew Fisher (1980), Strange Days (1981) and A Salty Dog Returns (1990). Two of the albums he produced for Trower, Bridge of Sighs (1974) and For Earth Below (1975), have been certified gold by the RIAA, — with Bridge going platinum two times eventually – whilst "A Whiter Shade of Pale" has enjoyed multi-platinum status. Fisher's Hammond organ playing on pianist David Lanz's instrumental version of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" from his 1988 CD, Cristofori's Dream, helped that album go gold as well. The year before, Fisher produced (for Primitive Records) and performed on the 12" single "All Washed Up" by Northampton Band 'Magnolia Siege' (singer Richard Jones or Rik Ramjet), playing honky-tonk piano on the B-side end of record reprise. Fisher co-wrote and performed on the soundtrack of the 1968 avant-garde film, Separation, which was released on DVD in the UK in July, 2009 and in the US in March, 2010. Fisher's instrumental "Theme From Separation" on his album Journey's End is from that film, and the soundtrack also included an alternate arrangement of the piece for Hammond, bass and harpsichord. Fisher co-produced an album by the group Prairie Madness in 1972, on which he also played organ and harpsichord. This was a piano-guitar duo with an accompanying band, but it achieved limited success. He has also played keyboards for Screaming Lord Sutch on his 1972 album, Hands of Jack the Ripper and played piano on David Bowie's tour in June and July 1972, with The Spiders from Mars. Fisher also appeared on the Roderick Falconer Album "New Nation" (1976) which he produced and arranged as well as playing keyboards. Later career Fisher quit Procol Harum in 1969 after the release of their third album, A Salty Dog, which he also produced. He rejoined the band in 1991 for the album The Prodigal Stranger and released two more albums with them, One More Time - Live in Utrecht 1992 and The Well's on Fire. In addition he appeared on two concert DVDs, Live in Copenhagen and Live at the Union Chapel, but quit the band again in 2004. Having studied computer programming at Wolfson College, Cambridge and graduating in 1995, Fisher became a full-time computer programmer, writing databases. Songwriting credits In 2006, the High Court found Fisher to be joint-author and co-owner of Procol Harum's song "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by virtue of his contribution to the song in the form of his organ solo, despite waiting nearly 40 years since its release to make a claim. Fisher won the case on 20 December 2006 but was awarded 40% of the composers' share of the music copyright, rather than the 50% he was seeking and was not granted royalties prior to 2005. References Sources External links MatthewFisher.com Matthew Fisher's fan page – at procolharum.com Matthew Fisher at Discogs 1946 births 21st-century British male musicians 21st-century organists 21st-century British pianists Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Alumni of Wolfson College, Cambridge British male pianists British soft rock musicians English keyboardists English male singers English organists English pianists English male songwriters Living people People from Addiscombe Procol Harum members Progressive rock keyboardists Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members
Caesar Nardi (died 1633) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ossero (1621–1633). Biography Caesar Nardi was born in 1572 and ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. On 21 June 1621, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XV as Bishop of Ossero. He served as Bishop of Ossero until his death in 1633. References 17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Croatia Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XV 1633 deaths Conventual Franciscan bishops
George Steven Botterill (born 8 January 1949) is a Welsh chess player, writer and philosopher. Botterill was born in Bradford and learned chess at the age of seven. From 1969 to 1972 he played for Oxford University, and became one of Britain's leading young players. In 1971 he won the Slater Young Masters tournament at Hastings, and at Hastings 1971/2 he was the top scorer among the British players with 6.0/15. Botterill won the 1974 British Championship at Clacton, winning the playoff at Llanelli, Wales by a half point over William Hartston after a seven-way tie for first. In 1977 Botterill won his second British Championship, this time outright. Botterill won the Welsh Championship in 1973 (jointly). In 1974 he became a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Wales at Aberystwyth, and began to play for the Welsh international team. In the Preliminary Group of the European Championship he scored 1½–½ against Dutch top board GM Jan Timman and 1–1 against English top board Hartston. Botterill played first board for Wales at the 1976 Olympiad and previously represented England at the World Student Team Championship and European Team Chess Championship of 1973. He holds the title of International Master. Botterill is best known as a chess writer, in particular for his chess opening collaborations with Raymond Keene: The Modern Defence (London 1973) and The Pirc Defence (London 1974). He is currently Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. References Further reading External links George Botterill profile page at University of Sheffield 1949 births Living people Welsh chess players English chess players British chess writers Chess International Masters Welsh philosophers Academics of Aberystwyth University Sportspeople from Bradford Game players from Yorkshire 20th-century British philosophers 20th-century Welsh writers 20th-century Welsh educators 21st-century British philosophers 21st-century Welsh writers 21st-century Welsh educators Academics of the University of Sheffield
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy is a 1981 American made-for-television biographical drama film starring Jaclyn Smith as Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, James Franciscus as John F. Kennedy and Rod Taylor as "Black Jack" Bouvier. References External links Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy at Complete Rod Taylor Site Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy at TCMDB 1981 television films 1981 films 1980s biographical drama films ABC network original films American biographical drama films Films scored by Billy Goldenberg Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis American drama television films 1980s English-language films 1980s American films
Oleksandr Valeriyovych Lazeykin (; born 22 November 1982) is a Ukrainian sport shooter. Lazeykin represented Ukraine at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's 10 m air rifle, along with his teammate Artur Ayvazyan. He finished only in eleventh place by one point behind Austria's Thomas Farnik from the final attempt, for a total score of 594 targets. References External links NBC Olympics Profile 1982 births Living people People from Bilohirsk Raion Ukrainian male sport shooters Olympic shooters for Ukraine Shooters at the 2008 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Zaporizhzhia Oblast
The 2130 class was a class of diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Eagle Farm for Queensland Railways in 1974–1975. History The 2130 class were an evolution of the 2141 class. They differed by having a flatter roofline to give better clearance when operating under wires. They were financed by the developers of the Saraji coal mine. Between 2005 and 2007, all were rebuilt as 2250 class locomotives. References Clyde Engineering locomotives Co-Co locomotives Diesel locomotives of Queensland Queensland Rail locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1974 Diesel-electric locomotives of Australia 3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Langeland is a Danish island. Langeland may also refer to: People Abel, Lord of Langeland (1252–1279), son of King Abel of Denmark Arne Langeland (born 1928), Norwegian jurist, civil servant and diplomat Eric Longlegs, Lord of Langeland (1272–1310), son of Eric I, Duke of Schleswig Hallgeir H. Langeland (born 1955), Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party Henrik Langeland, (born 1972), Norwegian novelist Kjeld Langeland (1920–1973), Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party Knud Langeland (1813-1886), American newspaper editor and politician Olav Rasmussen Langeland (1904–1981), Norwegian politician for the Centre Party Oliver H. Langeland (1887–1958), Norwegian military officer and civil servant Rasmus Olsen Langeland (1873–1954), Norwegian Minister of Labour 1931-1933 Sinikka Langeland (born 1961), Norwegian traditional folk singer Places Langeland Municipality, consisting mainly of the island of Langeland Langeland (Bad Driburg), a district of Bad Driburg, Germany Ships HDMS Langeland (1808), a ship transferred to Norwegian ports from Denmark MV Langeland, a Norwegian cargo ship See also Langelands Festival, a family festival in Denmark
```python def test_get_store(client, created_store_id): response = client.get( f"/store/{created_store_id}", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == { "id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": [], } def test_get_store_not_found(client): response = client.get( "/store/1", ) assert response.status_code == 404 assert response.json == {"code": 404, "status": "Not Found"} def test_get_store_with_item(client, created_store_id): client.post( "/item", json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": created_store_id}, ) response = client.get( f"/store/{created_store_id}", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json["items"] == [ { "id": 1, "name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, } ] def test_get_store_with_tag(client, created_store_id): client.post( f"/store/{created_store_id}/tag", json={"name": "Test Tag"}, ) response = client.get( f"/store/{created_store_id}", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json["tags"] == [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Tag"}] def test_create_store(client): response = client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) assert response.status_code == 201 assert response.json["name"] == "Test Store" def test_create_store_with_items(client, created_store_id): client.post( "/item", json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": 1}, ) # Get the store with id 1 and check the items contains the newly created item response = client.get( f"/store/{created_store_id}", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json["items"] == [ { "id": 1, "name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, } ] def test_delete_store(client, created_store_id): response = client.delete( f"/store/{created_store_id}", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == {"message": "Store deleted"} def test_delete_store_doesnt_exist(client): response = client.delete( "/store/1", ) assert response.status_code == 404 assert response.json == {"code": 404, "status": "Not Found"} def test_get_store_list_empty(client): response = client.get( "/store", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == [] def test_get_store_list_single(client): client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) response = client.get( "/store", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": []}] def test_get_store_list_multiple(client): client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store 2"}, ) response = client.get( "/store", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == [ {"id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": []}, {"id": 2, "name": "Test Store 2", "items": [], "tags": []}, ] def test_get_store_list_with_items(client): client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) client.post( "/item", json={"name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, "store_id": 1}, ) response = client.get( "/store", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == [ { "id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Test Item", "price": 10.5, } ], "tags": [], } ] def test_get_store_list_with_tags(client): resp = client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) client.post( f"/store/{resp.json['id']}/tag", json={"name": "Test Tag"}, ) response = client.get( "/store", ) assert response.status_code == 200 assert response.json == [ { "id": 1, "name": "Test Store", "items": [], "tags": [{"id": 1, "name": "Test Tag"}], } ] def test_create_store_duplicate_name(client): client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) response = client.post( "/store", json={"name": "Test Store"}, ) assert response.status_code == 400 assert response.json["message"] == "A store with that name already exists." ```
Valentin Ivaylov Antov (; born 9 November 2000) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or defensive midfielder for club Cremonese, on loan from Monza, and the Bulgaria national team. A youth product of CSKA Sofia, Antov became the youngest player ever to represent the club when he made his debut in 2015 at the age of 14 years, 9 months and 10 days. He moved on loan to Serie A side Bologna in the second half of the 2020–21 season, and to Serie B side Monza in the summer of 2021. Antov has represented Bulgaria internationally at every level, making his debut for the senior team in March 2019 at the age of 18. Club career CSKA Sofia Antov came up through CSKA's youth academy and impressed from an early age. He made his first-team debut on 19 August 2015, in a Bulgarian Cup match against Sofia 2010, becoming CSKA's youngest ever debutant at the age of 14 years, 9 months and 10 days, while also becoming the youngest ever captain for the club after taking the captain's armband for the last 25 minutes of the match. Antov made his First League debut on 14 April 2018, in a league match against Vereya. Antov began to establish himself in the CSKA first team during the 2018–19 season, playing 26 matches in all competitions. On 12 July 2018, he made his debut in the Europa League playing 90 minutes in the first match of the first qualifying round against Latvian club Riga. He scored his first competitive goal for the club, netting CSKA's second in a 5–0 league victory against Beroe Stara Zagora on 12 July 2020. In August 2020, he was named as the new club captain. Loan to Bologna On 1 February 2021, Antov was loaned to Serie A club Bologna until the end of the season with an option for a permanent transfer. Monza On 27 August 2021, Antov was sent on a one-year loan to Serie B side Monza, with a conditional obligation for purchase. He made his debut on 21 September, as a starter in a 2–1 defeat to Pisa in the league. Following Monza's Serie A promotion on 29 May 2022, Antov's obligation for purchase clause was triggered. Loan to Cremonese On 31 August 2023, Antov joined Cremonese on loan. International career Antov made his debut for Bulgaria national team on 25 March 2019, as an 80th-minute substitute for Georgi Kostadinov in a Euro 2020 qualifier against Kosovo. He scored his first international goal on 23 September 2022, in a 5–1 win against Gibraltar in the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League. Personal life Antov is a nephew of former footballer Anatoli Nankov. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Bulgaria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Antov goal. Honours CSKA Sofia Bulgarian Cup: 2015–16, 2020–21 V Group: 2015–16 Individual Bulgarian Youth Footballer of the Year: 2018 Bulgarian First League Best Defender of the Year: 2020 References External links 2000 births Living people Footballers from Sofia Bulgarian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Men's association football defenders PFC CSKA Sofia players Bologna FC 1909 players AC Monza players US Cremonese players First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players Serie A players Serie B players Bulgaria men's youth international footballers Bulgaria men's international footballers Bulgarian expatriate men's footballers Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Italy Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1744. Events February 6 – Samuel Foote makes his debut as an actor as Othello at the Haymarket Theatre, London, England. February 15 – Spranger Barry makes his debut as an actor at the Theatre Royal, Dublin. April – The Female Spectator (a monthly) is founded by Eliza Haywood in England, the first periodical written for women by a woman. April 14 – The Physico-Historical Society is formed in Dublin for the preservation of 'manuscripts, rare printed books, and natural curiosities relating to Ireland'. May 29 – Alexander Pope is received into the Catholic Church, a day before his death. New books Fiction Mary Collyer – Felicia to Charlotte Sarah Fielding – The Adventures of David Simple Eliza Haywood – The Fortunate Foundlings Edward Moore – Fables for the Female Sex William Oldys – The Harleian Miscellany (introduction by Samuel Johnson) Joseph Warton – The Enthusiast Children John Newbery – A Little Pretty Pocket-Book Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book (earliest extant English nursery-rhyme collection) Drama Robert Dodsley – A Select Collection of Old Plays William Havard – Regulus James Miller Joseph and his Brethren (music by Handel) Mahomet the Imposter (adapted from Voltaire's Mahomet; completed by John Hoadly) James Ralph – The Astrologer (adapted from Thomas Tomkis's Albumazar, itself adapted from Giambattista della Porta's L'astrologo) Antonio de Zamora – No hay deuda que no se pague y convidado de piedra Poetry Mark Akenside The Pleasures of the Imagination An Epistle to Curio Jane Brereton – Poems Gabriel Álvarez de Toledo (ed. Diego de Torres Villarroel) – Obras póstumas poéticas, con la Burromaquia Non-fiction John Armstrong – The Art of Preserving Health George Berkeley – Siris Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix – Histoire et Description Generale de la Nouvelle France (History and General Description of New France) Émilie de Breteuil, marquise du Chatelet -Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu Colley Cibber – Another Occasional Letter from Mr. Cibber to Mr. Pope David Garrick – An Essay on Acting (attrib.) Samuel Johnson Life of Mr Richard Savage An Account of the Life of John Philip Barretier Francis Moore – A Voyage to Georgia Alexander Pope – Essay on Man, volume 4: "Epistle: Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to" (4) "Happiness" (the first 2 epistles were written in 1732 and the third in 1733). John Ranby – The Method of Treating Gunshot Wounds Emanuel Swedenborg – The Animal Kingdom (Soul's Domain) (1744–45) Jonathan Swift – Three Sermons Births January 29 – Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck, Swedish writer (died 1813) February 10 – William Mitford, English historian (died 1827) April 11 (baptised) – Elizabeth Bonhôte, English novelist, essayist and poet (died 1818) August 25 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German poet (died 1803) December – Elsa Fougt, Swedish editor and publisher (died 1826) Deaths January 28 – Thomas Innes, Scottish historian (born 1662) January 23 – Thomas Griffith, Irish actor and theatre manager (born 1680) March 31 – Antiochus Kantemir, Russian diplomat and writer (born 1708) April 27 – James Miller, English playwright, poet and satirist (born 1704) May 30 – Alexander Pope, English poet and satirist (born 1688) September 18 – Lewis Theobald, English literary historian (born 1688) References Years of the 18th century in literature
Gary H. Mason (born June 21, 1957), also known as Big Daddy G., is a music producer, promoter and music video director. Mason co-produced the Vina Del Mar Festival beginning in 1979 for 10 years. In 1989, he produced the hit song "El Meneaito”, and directed the music video. It was released worldwide by BMG. Since then, he has produced and directed dozens of music videos, which have been seen by millions of people worldwide. His "Meneaito" video has currently been seen by over 50 million people on YouTube. Some of the artists that Mason has toured, promoted and/or produced include Donna Summer, Ray Conniff, War, Peter Frampton, Jose Feliciano, Matt Monro, Shirley Bassey, Air Supply, Anita Ward, Sister Sledge, Jerry Lewis, Paul Michael Glaser, David Soul, Roberta Flack, Maurice Jarre, Krokus, Nazareth, Gaby, Jam & Suppose, Renato, Gloria Gaynor, Modern Talking, Los Diablos, Santana, Kathy, and Reggae Sam. Mason also produced a new version of "It's Tricky" featuring Rev. Run and Kathy Phillips. Mason is currently CEO of SEI Corp. and established Fuerte Suerte Music (BMI), Big Daddy G. Music (ASCAP) and Ragga Force Music. Awards Among his many awards, he is the recipient of both a Billboard Music Video Award nomination as Best Director and Best New Artist. He has been involved in productions that have garnered five Grammy Award nominations and one Grammy. The Grammy nominated productions include: Un Nuevo Comenzo - Los Diablos, Celebracion - Los Diablos, Escenas De Amor - Jose Feliciano, and Nuestro Tiempo - Los Diablos. The Grammy winning album was for Best Latin Pop Performance - Jose Feliciano - Me Enamore. References Living people Music promoters Music video directors Reggaeton record producers 1957 births
The 13th arrondissement of Paris (XIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as treizième. The arrondissement, called Gobelins, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. It is home to Paris's principal Asian community, the Quartier Asiatique, located in the southeast of the arrondissement in an area that contains many high-rise apartment buildings. The neighborhood features a high concentration of Chinese and Vietnamese businesses. The current mayor is (Socialist), who was re-elected by the arrondissement council on 29 March 2008 after the list which he headed gained 70% of the votes cast in the second round of the 2008 French municipal elections, and was again re-elected on 13 April 2014 and in 2020. The 13th arrondissement is also home to the Bibliothèque François Mitterrand and the newly built business district of Paris Rive Gauche. Demographics The 13th arrondissement is still growing in population, mainly because of an influx of Asian immigrants. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the first wave of Vietnamese refugees from the Vietnam War settled in the arrondissement, largely concentrated near Masséna Boulevard. Later waves of refugees and Asian immigrants transitioned from being exclusively ethnic Vietnamese to include ethnic Chinese from Vietnam, Laotians and Cambodians. These migrants largely settled in the southern area of the arrondissement, creating an Asian quarter and establishing a commercial district and community institutions. Teochew, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Lao and Khmer are spoken by many residents in the community. At the last census in 1999, the population was 171,533. The 13th arrondissement is also rapidly growing in business activity, thanks to the new business district of Paris Rive Gauche. In 1999, the arrondissement contained 89,316 jobs, and it is believed to contain more today. Historical population Immigration Map Economy The head office of Accor, including the company's executive management, is in the Immeuble Odyssey in the 13th arrondissement. This facility is the company's registered office. Ubisoft has its business office in the arrondissement. Education Senior high schools: Lycée Rodin Lycée Claude-Monet Lycée professionnel Corvisart-Tolbiac École nationale de chimie physique et biologie de Paris École Yabné Groupe scolaire Notre Dame de France Groupe scolaire Saint Vincent de Paul Lycée Le Rebours Lycée Technique Privé de l'École Technique Supérieure du Laboratoire The 13th arrondissement is home to engineering graduate schools Arts et Métiers ParisTech and Télécom ParisTech. The teaching and learning center is settled at the number 151. Cityscape Places of interest Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique, also locally called la Triangle de Choisy or la petite Asie ("Little Asia"), is located in the southeast of the arrondissement. The following can be found in this area: Les Olympiades, Super-Italie and various other towers among the tallest in Paris Tang Frères and Paristore Asian supermarkets and grocery stores. Bibliothèque nationale de France Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Butte-aux-Cailles Gare d'Austerlitz Gobelins manufactory Art Ludique- Le Musée, first French Museum dedicated to the Art of Entertainment University of Chicago Center in Paris 6 Villa des Gobelins - residence of Hồ Chí Minh from July 1919 to July 1921 Notre-Dame de la Gare, Historic church from the 19th century Stade Sébastien Charléty, home of football clubs Paris FC and Paris Saint-Germain Féminines Cité de la Mode et du Design, a creative schedule of events built around innovation, culture, and style. Street Art 13 frescoes. Teddy bears of the Gobelins, photographed around the neighborhood Parc Kellermann, a public park Streets and squares Rue Zadkine Rue Paul-Klee Rue Marcel-Duchamp Boulevard de la Zone Place d'Italie Place Jean-Michel Basquiat See also Chinese community in Paris Vietnamese community in Paris References External links Chinatowns in Europe Ethnic enclaves in France Little Saigons
The Meteor Theatre is a black box theatre in Hamilton, New Zealand. Run since 2014 by the One Victoria Trust, the theatre is located in a former soft drinks factory at the southern end of Victoria Street in the central city. Various configurations of the space are possible, allowing up to 650 patrons to attend performances, with the main auditorium, "The Black Box", capable of seating 150. Significant refurbishment of the building took place in 2018 to bring the building up to modern day earthquake standards. A funding campaign raised more than $13,000 and a donation from the Hamilton City Council of $20,000 allowed the theatre to reopen after two months of COVID-19 induced lockdown in 2020. On reopening in June 2020, some performances sold out. The 2021 season includes "Heathers – The Musical", produced by Hannah Mooney, with director Mel Martin, musical director Kirsty Skomski and choreographer Stephanie Balsom. References External links The Meteor Theatre Culture in Hamilton, New Zealand Theatres in New Zealand Buildings and structures in Hamilton, New Zealand Tourist attractions in Hamilton, New Zealand
Wealdstone () is a district located in the centre of the London Borough of Harrow, England. It is located just north of Harrow town centre and is south of Harrow Weald, west of Belmont and Kenton, and east of Headstone. The area accommodates most of Harrow's industrial and business designated land. Wealdstone was the location of the Kodak Harrow factory; it closed in 2016. Wealdstone is centred on the High Street, and much traffic is bypassed from here by the George Gange Way flyover built in 1996. Its western boundary is formed by Harrow View, across which Headstone Manor lies, whereas on the east is Byron Park and the Belmont Trail. Harrow & Wealdstone station and the council offices are located at its southern end. Etymology The eponymous Weald Stone is a sarsen stone, positioned to mark the then boundary between the parishes of Harrow and Harrow Weald. It is located outside the Bombay Central restaurant, which was built as a public house (previously known as the Weald Stone Inn and prior to that, the Red Lion), outside 328 High Road, Harrow Weald. History Wealdstone Urban District was created under the Local Government Act 1894 in 1894, and absorbed by Harrow Urban District in 1934. Much of the housing stock in central Wealdstone consists of Victorian and Edwardian terraces along with new flatted developments in High Street and George Gange Way. The Kodak Harrow factory was located in Wealdstone until its closure in 2016. This, along with nearby factories of Winsor & Newton (a facility of the artists' materials company which closed in 2010), Whitefriars Glass and Hamilton Brush Works, turned Wealdstone into Harrow's industrial centre. Waverley Industrial Estate still contains industry today. A Her Majesty's Stationery Office factory in the area was demolished in 1996 and now replaced by Harrow Crown Court. At the junction of Graham Road with High Street was located the former Herga Cinema which opened in 1939 but closed in 1951. The building was gutted by fire in the early 1960s, later renovated and variously used throughout its later life as commercial premises until Harrow Council confirmed in 2018 that the building was to be demolished and replaced by flats. The bypass of Wealdstone High Street was completed in late 1996. In 1997, supermarket chain Asda announced a grand scheme for a superstore in Wealdstone involving a redevelopment of the town centre which included the demolition of 60 small business establishments. The project divided opinion and was scrapped, but in a more modest scheme was revived later that year. Following lengthy negotiations and consultations, Asda dropped the plan in 1999 blaming Harrow Council. Local traders were reportedly "beleaguered" by the high street's decline since the opening of the bypass and the abandonment by Sainsbury's of a new supermarket project in 2001, which traders hoped would help revitalise Wealdstone. Later that year, Harrow Council secured funding for a community centre including a library at the site of a former Safeway. It opened in 2004 as the Wealdstone Centre. Asda eventually opened a smaller supermarket on the high street in 2015. A mural commemorating Queen Victoria was painted on the railway bridge in 2004 by local children. Crime and policing Possibly the most prominent building in Wealdstone is the former Police Station in the high street. The site was built in 1909 and has been Grade II listed since 1998. It is known for its distinctive style and features. In 2003, plans by the Metropolitan Police to close Wealdstone police station was met with by protests and opposition in the community. A petition against the closure received 200 signatures. The station eventually remained open, but the issue arose again in 2008 and 2011 amid police plans to sell the building. While the station was no longer open to the public, it still housed the Anti-Social Behaviour Partnership team. In May 2011, Navin Shah representing Brent and Harrow in the London Assembly asked then-Mayor of London Boris Johnson about his thoughts on the closure. Johnson responded: Gareth Thomas, MP for Harrow West, launched a petition to save the station. However, opponents were unsuccessful and the station was closed. Wealdstone formerly had the highest crime rate in the borough, as the town suffered from antisocial behaviour and drug crime, higher than the borough's average. However, the Wealdstone Antisocial Behaviour Partnership (WASP), started by the Metropolitan Police to tackle crime in the town in 2010, saw impressive results with crime figures below the average in the borough. Wealdstone was one of only four Harrow wards to show a fall in reported Crime from April 2015 to March 2016. Sport The Harrow Leisure Centre is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, badminton, snooker, martial arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness. One of the country's oldest remaining skate parks, Harrow Skate Park, is next to the leisure centre. The park is a major centre of the British skateboarding scene and draws visitors from all over the country. In 1903, Wealdstone FC played at the College Farm ground situated in Locket Road, then later played in Belmont Road before moving in 1922 to Lower Mead, which was located behind the Dominion/ABC cinema (now closed) on Station Road, prior to its controversial sale to Tesco for retail development in 1991. After many years of without a home stadium of their own, Wealdstone FC is now based nearby in Ruislip, having abandoned plans to relocate within the borough of Harrow at Prince Edward Fields, Canons Park, now the home stadium of Barnet FC. Former players include Stuart Pearce, Vinnie Jones and Jermaine Beckford. Demography Wealdstone is the youngest ward in the borough of Harrow. It is also the most deprived part of the borough. According to the 2011 census, the largest ethnic group in Wealdstone ward is White British (25%), followed by 20% Indian and 13% Other Asian. Marlborough ward (which covers southern parts of Wealdstone) was 24% Indian, 23% White British, 11% Other Asian and 10% Other White. Governance Wealdstone ward is within the Harrow West constituency, currently represented by Labour MP Gareth Thomas. However smaller parts of the district west of High Street and north of Locket Road are in the Harrow Weald ward, which is in Harrow East constituency and represented by Conservative MP Bob Blackman. Other amenities The Holy Trinity Church of England was built in Gothic style in 1882. Schools include Sacred Heart Language College, Salvatorian College and Whitefriars School. Transport Tube/Trains There is one station in the district: Harrow & Wealdstone station (Bakerloo line, Watford DC Line, Southern and West Midlands Trains) Bus routes Seven London Buses routes run during day, as well as a school bus (640). There are two night routes serving Wealdstone: 140 and N18. Notable people Gordon Hill/The Wealdstone Raider, internet personality Joseph McCann, lived for some time at an estate in Wealdstone References External links Old Salvatorians (Unofficial) Areas of London Districts of the London Borough of Harrow Places formerly in Middlesex District centres of London
```python # coding: utf-8 import logging import os import sys import time import traceback import numpy as np import pytest import ray import ray.cluster_utils import ray.exceptions import ray.experimental.channel as ray_channel from ray.exceptions import RayChannelError, RayChannelTimeoutError from ray.util.scheduling_strategies import NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy from ray.dag.compiled_dag_node import CompiledDAG from ray._private.test_utils import get_actor_node_id logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) def create_driver_actor(): return CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor.options( scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy( ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id(), soft=False ) ).remote() @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_put_local_get(ray_start_regular): driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray_channel.Channel( None, [ (driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)), ], 1000, ) num_writes = 1000 for i in range(num_writes): val = i.to_bytes(8, "little") chan.write(val) assert chan.read() == val @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_read_timeout(ray_start_regular): driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray_channel.Channel( None, [ (driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)), ], 1000, ) with pytest.raises(RayChannelTimeoutError): chan.read(timeout=1) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_write_timeout(ray_start_regular): driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray_channel.Channel( None, [ (driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor)), ], 1000, ) val = 1 bytes = val.to_bytes(8, "little") chan.write(bytes, timeout=1) with pytest.raises(RayChannelTimeoutError): chan.write(bytes, timeout=1) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) @pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False]) def test_driver_as_reader(ray_start_cluster, remote): cluster = ray_start_cluster if remote: # This node is for the driver. num_cpus is 1 because the # CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor needs a place to run. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the writer actor. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) else: # This node is for both the driver (including the # CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and the writer actor. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def setup(self, driver_actor): self._channel = ray_channel.Channel( ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000, ) def get_channel(self): return self._channel def write(self): self._channel.write(b"x") a = Actor.remote() ray.get(a.setup.remote(create_driver_actor())) chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote()) ray.get(a.write.remote()) assert chan.read() == b"x" @pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False]) def test_driver_as_reader_with_resize(ray_start_cluster, remote): cluster = ray_start_cluster if remote: # This node is for the driver. num_cpus is 1 because the # CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor needs a place to run. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the writer actor. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) else: # This node is for both the driver (including the # CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and the writer actor. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def setup(self, driver_actor): self._channel = ray_channel.Channel( ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000, ) def get_channel(self): return self._channel def write(self): self._channel.write(b"x") def write_large(self): self._channel.write(b"x" * 2000) a = Actor.remote() ray.get(a.setup.remote(create_driver_actor())) chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote()) ray.get(a.write.remote()) assert chan.read() == b"x" ray.get(a.write_large.remote()) assert chan.read() == b"x" * 2000 @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_set_error_before_read(ray_start_regular): """ Tests that if a channel is closed after a reader, a subsequent read does not block forever. """ @ray.remote class Actor: def __init__(self): self.arr = None def create_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list): self._channel = ray_channel.Channel(writer, reader_and_node_list, 1000) return self._channel def pass_channel(self, channel): self._channel = channel def close(self): self._channel.close() def write(self, arr): self._channel.write(arr) def read(self): self.arr = self._channel.read() # Keep self.arr in scope. While self.arr is in scope, its backing # shared_ptr<MutableObjectBuffer> in C++ will also stay in scope. # Under normal execution, this will block the next read() from # returning, since we are still using the shared buffer. # In this test we are checking that if the channel is closed, then # the next read() will return an error immediately instead of # blocking, even though we still have self.arr in scope. return self.arr for _ in range(10): a = Actor.remote() b = Actor.remote() node_b = get_actor_node_id(b) chan = ray.get(a.create_channel.remote(a, [(b, node_b)])) ray.get(b.pass_channel.remote(chan)) # Use numpy to enable zero-copy deserialization. arr = np.random.rand(100) ray.get(a.write.remote(arr)) assert (arr == ray.get(b.read.remote())).all() # Check that the thread does not block on the second call to read() below. # read() acquires a lock, though if the lock is not released when # read() fails (because the channel has been closed), then an additional # call to read() could block. # We wrap both calls to read() in pytest.raises() as both calls could # trigger an RayChannelError exception if the channel has already been closed. with pytest.raises( ray.exceptions.RayTaskError, match=r"Channel closed" ) as exc_info: ray.get([a.close.remote(), b.read.remote()]) assert isinstance(exc_info.value.as_instanceof_cause(), RayChannelError) with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError) as exc_info: ray.get(b.read.remote()) assert isinstance(exc_info.value.as_instanceof_cause(), RayChannelError) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_errors(ray_start_regular): """ Tests that an exception is thrown when there are more readers than specificed in the channel constructor. """ @ray.remote class Actor: def make_chan(self, readers, do_write=True): self.chan = ray_channel.Channel( ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor, readers, 1000 ) if do_write: self.chan.write(b"hello") return self.chan a = Actor.remote() # Multiple consecutive reads from the same process are fine. driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray.get( a.make_chan.remote( [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], do_write=True ) ) assert chan.read() == b"hello" @ray.remote class Reader: def __init__(self): pass def read(self, chan): return chan.read() readers = [Reader.remote(), Reader.remote()] # Check that an exception is thrown when there are more readers than specificed in # the channel constructor. chan = ray.get( a.make_chan.remote([(readers[0], get_actor_node_id(readers[0]))], do_write=True) ) # At least 1 reader. with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError) as exc_info: ray.get([reader.read.remote(chan) for reader in readers]) assert "ray.exceptions.RaySystemError" in str(exc_info.value) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_put_different_meta(ray_start_regular): driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray_channel.Channel( None, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000 ) def _test(val): chan.write(val) read_val = chan.read() if isinstance(val, np.ndarray): assert np.array_equal(read_val, val) else: assert read_val == val _test(b"hello") _test("hello") _test(1000) _test(np.random.rand(10)) def test_multiple_channels_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster): """ Tests that multiple channels can be used at the same time between two nodes. """ cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def read(self, channel, val): read_val = channel.read() if isinstance(val, np.ndarray): assert np.array_equal(read_val, val) else: assert read_val == val a = Actor.remote() node_a = get_actor_node_id(a) chan_a = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000) chan_b = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000) channels = [chan_a, chan_b] val = np.random.rand(5) for i in range(10): for channel in channels: channel.write(val) for channel in channels: ray.get(a.read.remote(channel, val)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_resize_channel_on_same_node(ray_start_regular): """ Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object is written to it. The writer and reader are on the same node. """ driver_actor = create_driver_actor() chan = ray_channel.Channel( None, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))], 1000 ) def _test(val): chan.write(val) read_val = chan.read() if isinstance(val, np.ndarray): assert np.array_equal(read_val, val) else: assert read_val == val # `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is # allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes. _test(np.random.rand(100)) # Check that another write still works. _test(np.random.rand(5)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_resize_channel_on_same_node_with_actor(ray_start_regular): """ Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object is written to it. The writer and reader are on the same node, and the reader is an actor. """ @ray.remote class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def read(self, channel, val): read_val = channel.read() if isinstance(val, np.ndarray): assert np.array_equal(read_val, val) else: assert read_val == val def _test(channel, actor, val): channel.write(val) ray.get(actor.read.remote(channel, val)) a = Actor.remote() node_a = get_actor_node_id(a) chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000) # `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is # allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes. _test(chan, a, np.random.rand(100)) # Check that another write still works. _test(chan, a, np.random.rand(5)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_resize_channel_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster): """ Tests that the channel backing store is automatically increased when a large object is written to it. The writer and reader are on different nodes, and the reader is an actor. """ cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def read(self, channel, val): read_val = channel.read() if isinstance(val, np.ndarray): assert np.array_equal(read_val, val) else: assert read_val == val def _test(channel, actor, val): channel.write(val) ray.get(actor.read.remote(channel, val)) a = Actor.remote() node_a = get_actor_node_id(a) chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], 1000) # `np.random.rand(100)` requires more than 1000 bytes of storage. The channel is # allocated above with a backing store size of 1000 bytes. _test(chan, a, np.random.rand(100)) # Check that another write still works. _test(chan, a, np.random.rand(5)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) @pytest.mark.parametrize("num_readers", [1, 4]) def test_put_remote_get(ray_start_regular, num_readers): """ Tests that an actor can read objects/primitives of various types through a channel when the reader is spawned with @ray.remote. """ @ray.remote(num_cpus=0) class Reader: def __init__(self): pass def read(self, chan, num_writes): for i in range(num_writes): val = i.to_bytes(8, "little") assert chan.read() == val for i in range(num_writes): val = i.to_bytes(100, "little") assert chan.read() == val for val in [ b"hello world", "hello again", 1000, ]: assert chan.read() == val num_writes = 1000 reader_and_node_list = [] for _ in range(num_readers): handle = Reader.remote() node = get_actor_node_id(handle) reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node)) chan = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000) chan.ensure_registered_as_writer() done = [reader.read.remote(chan, num_writes) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list] for i in range(num_writes): val = i.to_bytes(8, "little") chan.write(val) # Test different data size. for i in range(num_writes): val = i.to_bytes(100, "little") chan.write(val) # Test different metadata. for val in [ b"hello world", "hello again", 1000, ]: chan.write(val) ray.get(done) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) @pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False]) def test_remote_reader(ray_start_cluster, remote): """ Tests that an actor can read objects/primitives of various types through a channel when the reader and writer are on the (1) same node (remote=False) along with (2) different nodes (remote=True). """ num_readers = 10 num_writes = 1000 num_iterations = 3 cluster = ray_start_cluster if remote: # This node is for the driver. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers) else: # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Reader: def __init__(self): pass def get_node_id(self) -> str: return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def pass_channel(self, channel): self._reader_chan = channel def read(self, num_reads): for i in range(num_reads): self._reader_chan.read() reader_and_node_list = [] for _ in range(num_readers): handle = Reader.remote() node = get_actor_node_id(handle) reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node)) channel = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000) # All readers have received the channel. ray.get([reader.pass_channel.remote(channel) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list]) for _ in range(num_iterations): work = [reader.read.remote(num_writes) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list] start = time.perf_counter() for i in range(num_writes): channel.write(b"x") end = time.perf_counter() ray.get(work) print(end - start, 10_000 / (end - start)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) @pytest.mark.parametrize("remote", [True, False]) def test_remote_reader_close(ray_start_cluster, remote): """ Tests that readers do not block forever on read() when they close the channel. Specifically, the following behavior should happen: 1. Each reader calls read() on one channel. 2. Each reader calls close() on the channel on a different thread. 3. Each reader should unblock and return from read(). Tests (1) the readers and writer on the same node (remote=False) along with different nodes (remote=True). """ num_readers = 10 cluster = ray_start_cluster if remote: # This node is for the driver. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=0) ray.init(address=cluster.address) # This node is for the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers) else: # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=num_readers) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Reader: def __init__(self): pass def get_node_id(self) -> str: return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def pass_channel(self, channel): self._reader_chan = channel def read(self): try: self._reader_chan.read() except RayChannelError: pass def close(self): self._reader_chan.close() reader_and_node_list = [] for _ in range(num_readers): handle = Reader.remote() node = get_actor_node_id(handle) reader_and_node_list.append((handle, node)) channel = ray_channel.Channel(None, reader_and_node_list, 1000) # All readers have received the channel. ray.get([reader.pass_channel.remote(channel) for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list]) reads = [ reader.read.options(concurrency_group="_ray_system").remote() for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list ] with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.GetTimeoutError): ray.get(reads, timeout=1.0) ray.get([reader.close.remote() for reader, _ in reader_and_node_list]) ray.get(reads) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_intra_process_channel_single_reader(ray_start_cluster): """ (1) Test whether an actor can read/write from an IntraProcessChannel. (2) Test whether the _SerializationContext cleans up the data after all readers have read it. (3) Test whether the actor can write again after reading 1 time. """ # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster = ray_start_cluster cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def pass_channel(self, channel): self._chan = channel def read(self): return self._chan.read() def write(self, value): self._chan.write(value) def get_ctx_buffer_size(self): ctx = ray_channel.ChannelContext.get_current().serialization_context return len(ctx.intra_process_channel_buffers) actor = Actor.remote() channel = ray_channel.IntraProcessChannel(num_readers=1) ray.get(actor.pass_channel.remote(channel)) ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello")) assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello" # The _SerializationContext should clean up the data after a read. assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0 # Write again after reading num_readers times. ray.get(actor.write.remote("world")) assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world" # The _SerializationContext should clean up the data after a read. assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0 @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_intra_process_channel_multi_readers(ray_start_cluster): """ (1) Test whether an actor can read/write from an IntraProcessChannel. (2) Test whether the _SerializationContext cleans up the data after all readers have read it. (3) Test whether the actor can write again after reading num_readers times. (4) Test whether an exception is raised when calling write() before all readers have read the data. """ # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster = ray_start_cluster cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def pass_channel(self, channel): self._chan = channel def read(self): return self._chan.read() def write(self, value): self._chan.write(value) def get_ctx_buffer_size(self): ctx = ray_channel.ChannelContext.get_current().serialization_context return len(ctx.intra_process_channel_buffers) actor = Actor.remote() channel = ray_channel.IntraProcessChannel(num_readers=2) ray.get(actor.pass_channel.remote(channel)) ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello")) # first read assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello" assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1 # second read assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello" assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0 # Write again after reading num_readers times. ray.get(actor.write.remote("world")) # first read assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world" assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1 # second read assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "world" assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 0 # Write again ray.get(actor.write.remote("hello world")) # first read assert ray.get(actor.read.remote()) == "hello world" assert ray.get(actor.get_ctx_buffer_size.remote()) == 1 with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError): ray.get(actor.write.remote("world hello")) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_composite_channel_single_reader(ray_start_cluster): """ (1) The driver can write data to CompositeChannel and an actor can read it. (2) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and the actor itself can read it. (3) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and another actor can read it. (4) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and the driver can read it. """ # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster = ray_start_cluster cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def pass_channel(self, channel): self._chan = channel def create_composite_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list): self._chan = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(writer, reader_and_node_list) return self._chan def read(self): return self._chan.read() def write(self, value): self._chan.write(value) actor1 = Actor.remote() actor2 = Actor.remote() node1 = get_actor_node_id(actor1) node2 = get_actor_node_id(actor2) # Create a channel to communicate between driver process and actor1. driver_to_actor1_channel = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(None, [(actor1, node1)]) ray.get(actor1.pass_channel.remote(driver_to_actor1_channel)) driver_to_actor1_channel.write("hello") assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello" # Create a channel to communicate between two tasks in actor1. ray.get(actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(actor1, [(actor1, node1)])) ray.get(actor1.write.remote("world")) assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "world" # Create a channel to communicate between actor1 and actor2. actor1_to_actor2_channel = ray.get( actor1.create_composite_channel.remote(actor1, [(actor2, node2)]) ) ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(actor1_to_actor2_channel)) ray.get(actor1.write.remote("hello world")) assert ray.get(actor2.read.remote()) == "hello world" # Create a channel to communicate between actor2 and driver process. driver_actor = create_driver_actor() actor2_to_driver_channel = ray.get( actor2.create_composite_channel.remote( actor2, [(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))] ) ) ray.get(actor2.write.remote("world hello")) assert actor2_to_driver_channel.read() == "world hello" @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_composite_channel_multiple_readers(ray_start_cluster): """ Test the behavior of CompositeChannel when there are multiple readers. (1) The driver can write data to CompositeChannel and two actors can read it. (2) An actor can write data to CompositeChannel and another actor, as well as itself, can read it. (3) An actor writes data to CompositeChannel and two Ray tasks on the same actor read it. This is not supported and should raise an exception. """ # This node is for both the driver and the Reader actors. cluster = ray_start_cluster cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def __init__(self): pass def pass_channel(self, channel): self._chan = channel def create_composite_channel(self, writer, reader_and_node_list): self._chan = ray_channel.CompositeChannel(writer, reader_and_node_list) return self._chan def read(self): return self._chan.read() def write(self, value): self._chan.write(value) actor1 = Actor.remote() actor2 = Actor.remote() node1 = get_actor_node_id(actor1) node2 = get_actor_node_id(actor2) # The driver writes data to CompositeChannel and actor1 and actor2 read it. driver_output_channel = ray_channel.CompositeChannel( None, [(actor1, node1), (actor2, node2)] ) ray.get(actor1.pass_channel.remote(driver_output_channel)) ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(driver_output_channel)) driver_output_channel.write("hello") assert ray.get([actor1.read.remote(), actor2.read.remote()]) == ["hello"] * 2 # actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and actor1 and actor2 read it. actor1_output_channel = ray.get( actor1.create_composite_channel.remote( actor1, [(actor1, node1), (actor2, node2)] ) ) ray.get(actor2.pass_channel.remote(actor1_output_channel)) ray.get(actor1.write.remote("world")) assert ray.get([actor1.read.remote(), actor2.read.remote()]) == ["world"] * 2 actor1_output_channel = ray.get( actor1.create_composite_channel.remote( actor1, [(actor1, node1), (actor1, node1)] ) ) ray.get(actor1.write.remote("hello world")) assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello world" assert ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) == "hello world" with pytest.raises(ray.exceptions.RayTaskError): # actor1_output_channel has two readers, so it can only be read twice. # The third read should raise an exception. ray.get(actor1.read.remote()) """ TODO (kevin85421): Add tests for the following cases: (1) actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and two Ray tasks on actor2 read it. (2) actor1 writes data to CompositeChannel and actor2 and the driver reads it. Currently, (1) is not supported, and (2) is blocked by the reference count issue. """ @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_put_error(ray_start_cluster): cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for both the driver (including the CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) # and the writer actor. cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) def _wrap_exception(exc): backtrace = ray._private.utils.format_error_message( "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__)), task_exception=True, ) wrapped = ray.exceptions.RayTaskError( function_name="do_exec_tasks", traceback_str=backtrace, cause=exc, ) return wrapped @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def setup(self, reader_and_node_list): self._channel = ray_channel.Channel( ray.get_runtime_context().current_actor, reader_and_node_list, 1000, ) def get_channel(self): return self._channel def write(self, write_error): if write_error: try: raise ValueError("") except Exception as exc: self._channel.write(_wrap_exception(exc)) else: self._channel.write(b"x") a = Actor.remote() driver_actor = create_driver_actor() ray.get(a.setup.remote([(driver_actor, get_actor_node_id(driver_actor))])) chan = ray.get(a.get_channel.remote()) # Putting a bytes object multiple times is okay. for _ in range(3): ray.get(a.write.remote(write_error=False)) assert chan.read() == b"x" # Putting an exception multiple times is okay. for _ in range(3): ray.get(a.write.remote(write_error=True)) try: assert chan.read() except Exception as exc: assert isinstance(exc, ValueError) assert isinstance(exc, ray.exceptions.RayTaskError) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_payload_large(ray_start_cluster): cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver. first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) # This node is for the reader. second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) cluster.wait_for_nodes() nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id] # We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and # then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes` # is 2. nodes = list(set(nodes)) assert len(nodes) == 2 @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def get_node_id(self): return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def read(self, channel, val): assert channel.read() == val def create_actor(node): return Actor.options( scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False) ).remote() driver_node = ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() actor_node = nodes[0] if nodes[0] != driver_node else nodes[1] assert driver_node != actor_node a = create_actor(actor_node) node_a = ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote()) assert driver_node != ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote()) # Ray sets the gRPC payload max size to 512 MiB. We choose a size in this test that # is a bit larger. size = 1024 * 1024 * 600 ch = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, node_a)], size) val = b"x" * size ch.write(val) ray.get(a.read.remote(ch, val)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_payload_resize_large(ray_start_cluster): cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver. first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) # This node is for the reader. second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) cluster.wait_for_nodes() nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id] # We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and # then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes` # is 2. nodes = list(set(nodes)) assert len(nodes) == 2 @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def get_node_id(self): return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def read(self, channel, val): assert channel.read() == val def create_actor(node): return Actor.options( scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False) ).remote() driver_node = ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() actor_node = nodes[0] if nodes[0] != driver_node else nodes[1] assert driver_node != actor_node a = create_actor(actor_node) assert driver_node != ray.get(a.get_node_id.remote()) ch = ray_channel.Channel(None, [(a, actor_node)], 1000) # Ray sets the gRPC payload max size to 512 MiB. We choose a size in this test that # is a bit larger. size = 1024 * 1024 * 600 val = b"x" * size ch.write(val) ray.get(a.read.remote(ch, val)) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_readers_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster): cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver (including the CompiledDAG.DAGDriverProxyActor) and # one of the readers. first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) # This node is for the other reader. second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=1) ray.init(address=cluster.address) cluster.wait_for_nodes() nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id] # We want to check that there are two nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` to a set and # then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the length of `nodes` # is 2. nodes = list(set(nodes)) assert len(nodes) == 2 @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def get_node_id(self): return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def create_actor(node): return Actor.options( scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False) ).remote() a = create_actor(nodes[0]) b = create_actor(nodes[1]) actors = [a, b] nodes_check = ray.get([act.get_node_id.remote() for act in actors]) a_node = nodes_check[0] b_node = nodes_check[1] assert a_node != b_node driver_actor = create_driver_actor() driver_node = get_actor_node_id(driver_actor) with pytest.raises( ValueError, match="All reader actors must be on the same node." ): ray_channel.Channel( None, [(driver_actor, driver_node), (a, a_node), (b, b_node)], 1000 ) @pytest.mark.skipif( sys.platform != "linux" and sys.platform != "darwin", reason="Requires Linux or Mac.", ) def test_bunch_readers_on_different_nodes(ray_start_cluster): cluster = ray_start_cluster # This node is for the driver (including the DriverHelperActor) and two of the # readers. first_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=3) # This node is for the other two readers. second_node_handle = cluster.add_node(num_cpus=2) ray.init(address=cluster.address) cluster.wait_for_nodes() nodes = [first_node_handle.node_id, second_node_handle.node_id] # We want to check that the readers are on different nodes. Thus, we convert `nodes` # to a set and then back to a list to remove duplicates. Then we check that the # length of `nodes` is 2. nodes = list(set(nodes)) assert len(nodes) == 2 @ray.remote(num_cpus=1) class Actor: def get_node_id(self): return ray.get_runtime_context().get_node_id() def create_actor(node): return Actor.options( scheduling_strategy=NodeAffinitySchedulingStrategy(node, soft=False) ).remote() a = create_actor(nodes[0]) b = create_actor(nodes[0]) c = create_actor(nodes[1]) d = create_actor(nodes[1]) actors = [a, b, c, d] nodes_check = ray.get([act.get_node_id.remote() for act in actors]) a_node = nodes_check[0] b_node = nodes_check[1] c_node = nodes_check[2] d_node = nodes_check[3] assert a_node == b_node assert b_node != c_node assert c_node == d_node driver_actor = create_driver_actor() driver_node = get_actor_node_id(driver_actor) with pytest.raises( ValueError, match="All reader actors must be on the same node." ): ray_channel.Channel( None, [ (driver_actor, driver_node), (a, a_node), (b, b_node), (c, c_node), (d, d_node), ], 1000, ) if __name__ == "__main__": if os.environ.get("PARALLEL_CI"): sys.exit(pytest.main(["-n", "auto", "--boxed", "-vs", __file__])) else: sys.exit(pytest.main(["-sv", __file__])) ```
The 2nd alpine Artillery Regiment ) is an inactive field artillery regiment of the Italian Army, specializing in mountain combat. Since their formation the Mountain Artillery Regiments have served alongside the Alpini, the mountain infantry speciality of the Italian Army, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. Besides their close history, the Alpini and Mountain Artillery regiments share the distinctive Cappello Alpino. The regiment was disbanded in 2013 and its FH-70 towed howitzers were transferred to the re-raised 185th Parachute Artillery Regiment Folgore of the Folgore Parachute Brigade in Bracciano. History The unit was raised as the 3rd Mountain Artillery Regiment in the city of Bergamo on 15 February 1915. On the same date, it received the Mountain Artillery Group Oneglia from the 1st Mountain Artillery Regiment and the Mountain Artillery Group Bergamo from the 2nd Mountain Artillery Regiment. To bring the regiment to full strength on the same date the mountain artillery groups Genova and Como were raised. The regiment was tasked to provide artillery support to the 1st and 5th Alpini regiments and recruited in Liguria and Lombardy. World War 1 During the war the regiment's depots raised and trained the commands of one mountain artillery grouping (Raggruppamento Artiglieria Montagna), the commands of 17 mountain artillery groups (Gruppo Artiglieria Montagna), and 44 mountain artillery batteries, which were each equipped with four 65/17 mod. 13 cannons. Furthermore, two commands of siege groups (Gruppo d'Assedio), and 19 siege batteries were raised and trained by the regiment. The regiment raised the following mountain artillery grouping: 7°. The regiment raised the following mountain artillery groups: XVII (72nd, 73rd, 74th bty.), XVIII (75th, 76th, 77th bty.), XXIV (56th, 60th, 62nd bty.), XXVII (88th, 89th, 90th bty.), XXXI (97th, 98th, 99th bty.), XXXII, XL, XLV, XLVI, XLVII, XLVIII, LV, LVI, LVII, LIX, LX, and LXVI. Note 3: The Genova group's 60th Mountain Artillery Battery and the Como group's 62nd Mountain Artillery Battery were not raised until November 1916 for lack of available 65/17 mod. 13 cannons. Interwar Years - New Numbering Traditionally Alpini units had been numbered from West to East with the 1st Alpini Regiment being the most westward and the 8th Alpini Regiment being the most eastward. However, as the 3rd Mountain Artillery Regiment had been raised last it found itself now in the middle between the 1st Mountain Artillery Regiment in the West and the 2nd Mountain Artillery Regiment in the East. To rectify this on 11 March 1926 the 2nd and 3rd mountain artillery regiments swapped numbers. Current Structure The regiment was part of the Army's Artillery Command and was equipped with FH-70 towed howitzers. Regimental Command Command and Logistic Support Battery 21st Target Acquisition and Surveillance Battery Artillery Group Vicenza 19th Howitzer Battery 20th Howitzer Battery 41st Technical Support Battery References External links Official website Alpini Regiments of Italy in World War I Regiments of Italy in World War II Artillery regiments of Italy
Vitaliy Kolpakov (born 2 February 1972) is a Ukrainian athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1996 Summer Olympics. References 1972 births Living people Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics Ukrainian decathletes Olympic athletes for Ukraine Sportspeople from Luhansk
Buckland Common is a hamlet in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Chiltern Hills, east of Wendover and the same distance south of Tring in Hertfordshire with which it shares a boundary. The northern end of the settlement is delineated by a short section of Grim's Ditch. It is in the civil parish of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards. Early settlement Prehistoric Evidence of prehistoric settlement has been found in the form of a Palaeolithic handaxe found on a ploughed field'. A section of the Chiltern Grim's Ditch linear earthwork, which is believed to have been constructed during the Iron Age, marks the northern boundary of Buckland Common. Though what remains is eroded and only a poorly preserved ditch and bank are still visible. Medieval The area today called Buckland Common had in Edward the Confessor's time been the southern and upland part of the manor of Buckland which was under the control of the see of Dorchester. Following the Norman Invasion, Buckland had become incorporated into the estates owned by the Church of Lincoln. This upland area would have originally comprised impenetrable scrub woodland but gradual clearance created pasture land which provided advantageous grazing for cattle and sheep. Perhaps this location was chosen on account of it being more sheltered lying as it does in a slight depression in comparison to the surrounding land. It is believed the first permanent settlement began in the 16th century, around the time when Henry VIII seized the lands from the Earl of Warwick in 1522. Post medieval period Around 1540, Queen Mary I granted a tenancy to Sir Anthony Browne, whose daughter Elizabeth married Baron Richard Dormer a wealthy landowner from Wing. Richard's descendant the First Earl of Carnarvon was killed during the English Civil War at the first Battle of Newbury. The Parliamentarians sequestrated the lands around 1653 although they were subsequently restored to the Carnarvon estate in the 1700s. By marriage it passed to the Chesterfield family and was held by Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield in 1813. After his death it passed into private hands and was owned by the Lord of the Manor, Peter Parrot. Industry and economy Evidence from pottery shards and a number of kilns have been found dating industrial activity to before 1700. These made use of local clay deposits from clay pits, of which a number of which have been identified, to make pottery with a distinctive manganese-brown. This activity contributed to the development of the settlement during the first part of the 18th century. Fine examples of this pottery are to be found in the nearby Chequers Museum. Though this pottery production then ceased clay continued to be dug to support a thriving brick making industry which survived into the 20th century. Agriculture provided the main employment during the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, though a cider factory which opened in the 1900s was for a time also an important part of the local economy. This increasing industry also supported at least three beer houses. The oldest of these and first licensed in 1698 was The Boot, which in 1864 was renamed The Boot and Slipper and remained in business until 1976. The Britannia Pub's early history is unknown but was the first to close in 1939. The Rose and Crown, licensed in 1863, changed its name in 1967 to The Horse and Hounds before ceasing to trade in 1984. All three are now private properties. Development of the settlement Establishment of the village of Buckland Common happened much later than other similar daughter settlements in this part of the Chilterns. The schism was eventually hastened by the action of the Commissioners for Enclosure in 1842 who oversaw the dividing up of the of common land between villagers, enabling the creation of a largely autonomous community. All that remained of the once extensive common was a small rectangular allotment of land. The plot was heavily depreciated through clay and gravel extraction during the 18th and 19th centuries and it was used as a rubbish tip up until the 1950s. During the 1960s restoration work was undertaken to enable it to be used for recreation purposes and was given protection through its registration as common land. Known today as The Green it is owned and maintained by the Parish Council "for the enjoyment of local people". The Rothschild family were prominent farmers and landowners. Around 1920 they were responsible for improving the tied cottages of their farm workers by building, in typical Rothschild style, two new terraces of cottages along Little Twye Road and replacing dilapidated tenements in Parrotts Lane. Prior to 1860, Buckland Common did not have its own church, being technically part of Buckland Parish. From this time it had a Strict Baptist Chapel, followed by a rapidly built wooden Anglican chapel of ease commissioned specifically to counter the impact of the non-conformist mission. The church was unable to sustain a congregation, was decommissioned and eventually was pulled down in about 1939. The Baptist Chapel continued but was converted to a private dwelling in the 1980s. The graveyard of the Baptist church remains open and is owned by the Grace Baptist Association. Before 1973 primary school age children from the village attended St Leonards National School in the nearby village of that name, which was founded in 1860. Since the closure of the school children attend Hawridge and Cholesbury Church of England School in Hawridge. Governance Until 1934 Buckland Common remained a remote part of Buckland Parish known as 'Upper Buckland'. Together with Cholesbury, Hawridge and St Leonards, which are locally known as hilltop villages it now forms part of Cholesbury-cum-St Leonards civil parish. The parish council purchased land in 1974 which it divided into allotments for parishioners. Adjacent to this a small development of public housing was built at the same time. Notable People Roland Beamont (August 1920 – November 2001), RAF fighter pilot and experimental test pilot stayed for a short period in Buckland Common during 1945. His first wife, Shirley, is buried nearby in the churchyard at St Leonards, Buckinghamshire. References External links Cholesbury parish website British History Online – Victorian History of Buckinghamshire Volume 2 – Buckland Hamlets in Buckinghamshire
Callisto Cliffs (), rising to , are two cliffs, one forming the southern margins of Jupiter Glacier, the other the eastern margin of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature was mapped from trimetrogon air photography taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and from survey by the Falklands Islands Dependencies Survey, 1948–50, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in association with Jupiter Glacier after Callisto, one of the moons of the planet Jupiter. See also Burn Cliffs Cannonball Cliffs Corner Cliffs References Cliffs of Alexander Island
Andrew Flinn Dickson (November 8, 1825 – January 8, 1879) was an American minister and author born in Charleston, South Carolina. Birth Dickson was to Rev. John Dickson in Charleston, South Carolina, on November 8, 1825. His mother was a daughter of Rev. Andrew Flinn, D.D., the first pastor of the 2d Presbyterian Church in Charleston. Education and career Dickson graduated from Yale College in 1845. After graduation he began to teach in his native city, but soon moved to a more northern climate for the sake of his father's health. He taught in Cincinnati for about a year, and after his father's death in 1847, entered Lane Theological Seminary. The next year he returned to New Haven, and was connected with the Yale Divinity School until January 1850. In the meantime, he had been licensed to preach by the Middlesex (Conn) Association of Congregational Ministers, and was married on January 7, 1850 to Miss A. H. Woocthull, of Long Island. He took charge of the Presbyterian Churches of John's Island and Wadmalaw near Charleston, in which of a membership of 360, 330 were African-American. After serving in this position for some years and acting for a short time as an agent of the American Tract Society, he took charge in 1856 of the Presbyterian Church in Orangeburg. He left this position to become a chaplain in the Confederate service during the late war. His next pastoral charge was over the Canal Street Presbyterian Church in New Orleans from 1868 to 1871. He served a church in Wilmington, North Carolinafor about 18 months, and then a church in Chester, South Carolina for three years. The General Assembly of the Southern Presbyterian Church established an Institute for the Training of Colored Ministers at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and Dickson was appointed its first professor in October 1876. He died in Tuscaloosa after two days' illness of pleurisy on January 8, 1879, aged 53 years. His wife and nine children survived him. Publications Dickson published, in 1856 and 1860, two series of Plantation Sermons and, in 1872, a volume on the Temptation in the Desert. He was also, in 1878, the successful competitor for the prize established by the late Hon. Richard Fletcher, with an essay entitled, "The Light—is it Waning?" External links 1825 births 1879 deaths Writers from Charleston, South Carolina Lane Theological Seminary alumni Yale Divinity School alumni American Congregationalist ministers American Presbyterian ministers Confederate States Army chaplains American male writers Yale College alumni 19th-century American clergy
Pheidole clavata is a species of ant in the genus Pheidole. Pheidole clavata inhabits Eastern and Northern Africa. This species of Pheidole, like many others, are dimorphic, which means that a colony may contain one or several queens. Each colony is made up of two castes: the "minor" workers, and the "major" workers, or "soldiers". The majors have large heads that they use as both weapons and tools to cut open large prey for the colony. The latter generally have enormous heads and mandibles in comparison to their usually fairly modest body size. Colony behavior Pheidole clavata very well-resemble most of their genus, colonies may grow up to 5000 ants that each play a part in helping their colony; tending larvae and pupae, foraging, and building. They resemble other Pheidole species in many ways, but their differences in other species are clearly visible: colonies of Pheidole clavata aren't as active as many others are and they aren't as visibly dominant towards territory as other species of the genus. However, they do tend to have colonies take up a large amount of space, and the raids that these ants perform on termites are absolutely spectacular. The colonies have queens that fly around April–May, generally around spring months. Distribution Pheidole clavata is distributed many places throughout Central and East Africa, from Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia forests to tropical grasslands of Sudan and the Congo. References clavata Insects described in 1877 Hymenoptera of Africa
Korkut Özal (29 May 1929 – 2 November 2016) was a Turkish engineer and politician. He was the brother of Turkish President Turgut Özal and . His cause of death in 2016 are respiratory and circulatory failure. Academic career Korkut Özal studied at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at Istanbul Technical University. He then completed his postgraduate studies in the United States between 1956 and 1957. He became a teacher at the Middle East Technical University after returning to Turkey. In 1965, he was awarded a professorship and became a lecturer at the State Academy of Architecture and Engineering. Early political career Özal entered politics through the National Salvation Party; he was elected as the party's deputy for Erzurum in the 1973 and 1977 elections. In 1974, he worked as the Minister of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock in the CHP-MSP coalition government, and later in the First Nationalist Front Government established in 1975. He served as the Interior Minister Second Nationalist Front cabinet in 1977 for six months. Shortly after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état Korkut Özal suffered a traffic accident on September 25, 1980, and withdrew from politics. Later political life His brother, Turgut Özal, served as president until his death in 1993, after which Korkut Özal re-entered politics through the Motherland Party and was elected as an Istanbul deputy in 1995. He chaired the Turkish Parliament’s Home Affairs Commission and the Turkish Parliamentary Group of the OSCE. He was critical of many of the policies of the Anasol-D government and resigned from the Motherland Party on August 13, 1997. He joined the newly established Democratic Party and was elected president of the party at the Democratic Party Congress on 28 September 1997. On March 22, 2001, he left the chairmanship of the Democratic Party. Korkut Özal died on November 2, 2016, at his home in Istanbul. He was buried in the family plot in the Topkapi cemetery. References External links 1929 births 2016 deaths Ministers of the Interior of Turkey 20th-century Turkish engineers Burials at Topkapı Cemetery People from Malatya
Whitney Elizabeth Engen (born November 28, 1987) is an American soccer player and FIFA Women's World Cup champion. She most recently played as a defender for the United States women's national soccer team as well as the Boston Breakers of the National Women's Soccer League, the highest division of women's soccer in the United States. She first appeared for the United States national team during the 2011 Algarve Cup in a match against Norway on March 4. During her time with the team, she made 40 appearances for the team and scored four goals. Engen has represented the United States in one FIFA Women's World Cup in 2015 and one Olympic tournament in 2016. Engen played collegiate soccer with the North Carolina Tar Heels from 2006 to 2009. Following her collegiate career, she was selected fourth overall by the Chicago Red Stars in the 2010 WPS Draft that took place on January 15, 2010. Between 2011 and 2015, Engen played professionally for the Western New York Flash, Tyresö FF, Pali Blues, Liverpool Ladies and the Houston Dash before ending up with the Boston Breakers for the 2016 NWSL season. On October 2, 2016, Engen announced that she had been released by the United States women's national team. On February 6, 2017, Engen announced that she was stepping away from professional soccer and will not play in the NWSL in 2017. Early life Born in Torrance, California to parents Chris and Kim Engen, Whitney was raised with her brother, Taylor. Although Engen aspired to be a gymnast, her tall stature limited her ability to do gymnastics. Instead, she switched to soccer. Growing up, her family was also very competitive and encouraged friendly competitions between her and her brother.Engen played club soccer growing up, ending her youth career with Slammers FC (SFC) in Newport Beach. Her previous team did not give her playing time, leading her to switch to SFC, joining future national teammate Christen Press. While with SFC, the team won back-to-back state and regional championships in 2004 and 2005. The team also appeared in national championships during those years, taking second in 2004 and third in 2005. During her youth career, Engen also played with the '86 Olympic Development Program team that clinched regional and national titles. Engen attended Palos Verdes Peninsula High School in Rolling Hills Estates, California where she played varsity soccer during her freshman and sophomore years. She played two years of varsity soccer as a forward and attacking midfielder. She did not play during her junior year due to an injury and opted to concentrate on club soccer during senior year and did not play with her high school team. She was also named the Most Valuable Offensive Player as a freshman and Most Valuable Player as a sophomore. Engen graduated high school on June 15, 2006 and Soccer Buzz ranked her among the Top 25 recruits in the nation. University of North Carolina Engen attended the University of North Carolina and played soccer for the Tar Heels under head coach Anson Dorrance all four years. She began her college career with the Tar Heels playing as a forward before transitioning to central defense. During her time there, the Tar Heels won the NCAA Women's Soccer Championship three times: in 2006, 2008, and 2009.During her 2006 season as a freshman, Engen appeared in 27 games, starting 24. She had the third most points at Carolina that season with 37 and was tied for second most goals and assists on the team with 12 and 13, respectively. In the ACC Tournament, Engen had at least one point in each of the team's matches, including two goals against North Carolina State in the quarterfinals, two assists against Clemson University in the semifinals, and an assist on the game-winning goal in overtime against Florida State University in the final. In the NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament, Engen had at least one point in five of six of the team's matches, including two goals against Navy in the second round, a goal and assists against the University of Tennessee in the third round, a goal against Texas A&M University in the quarterfinals, and an assist on the game-winning goal against Notre Dame in the final to help the Tar Heels take the NCAA Championship. After a successful freshman season, Engen won Carolina's soccer team Gift of Fury award. She was also named to the Soccer Buzz All-America Freshman Second-Team, Soccer America All-Freshman Second-Team, Top Drawer Soccer All-Freshman First-Team, ACC All-Tournament team, ACC All-Freshman Team, and Soccer Buzz All-Southeast Region Freshman Team. During the 2007 season, Engen appeared in 23 games, starting all 23. She had the third most points on the team during the season with 20. She scored six goals and recorded eight assists in the season, her first goal being against the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. In the NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament, Engen scored two goals and recorded an assist against High Point University in the first round. In addition, she had goals in matches against Ohio State, Duke, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in the second round. At the end of the season, Engen was named to the All-ACC Academic team. In her junior season, Engen switched from being a forward to center back for the Tar Heels. She appeared started all 28 games for the team and led the team in minutes played with 2,518. She recorded three assists in the season. In addition, she tied the school record for games played and started in a season. In the ACC Tournament, Engen recorded an assist in the victory against Virginia Tech in the championship final. In the NCAA Tournament, Engen recorded an assist on the game-winning goal against Texas A&M in the quarterfinals. The Tar Heels went on to win the 2008 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament after a 2–1 win over Notre Dame. After another successful season, Engen was named to the NSCAA All-America Third Team, Soccer Buzz All-America Second-Team, All-ACC Second Team, ACC All-Tournament Team, NSCAA All-Southeast Region Team, and Soccer Buzz All-Southeast Region Team. Academically, Engen received ACC All-Academic Team and NSCAA Collegiate Scholar All-America First Team honors. In the 2009 season, Engen appeared in all 27 games for the team, starting all 27. In her 2,365 minutes played, Engen scored one goal and recorded three assists in the season. The Tar Heels went on to win the 2009 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament after a 1–0 win over Stanford in the championship game. As a senior, she won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's top soccer player. Club career Pali Blues, 2009 On April 16, 2009, Engen and North Carolina teammate Ashlyn Harris signed with the Pali Blues of the W-League. The W-League was often used by college players as a summer playing option because of its status as an open league, allowing college players to maintain eligibility. The Pali Blues went undefeated in the regular season and then went on to win the W-League Championship with a 2–1 win over Washington Freedom in the final. Chicago Red Stars, 2010 On January 15, 2010, Engen was drafted fourth overall to the Chicago Red Stars of Women's Professional Soccer in the 2010 WPS Draft. Engen appeared in all 24 games for Red Stars in the regular season and played all but four minutes for the team. The Red Stars finished sixth in the 2010 WPS season and did not advance to the playoffs. Western New York Flash, 2011 In December 2010, the Western New York Flash, previously part of the W-League, joined the WPS for the 2011 season. Shortly after, Engen signed with the team. She played in 17 of the team's 18 regular season games to help the Flash finish first in the regular season and advance to the playoffs. Engen appeared in the 2011 WPS Championship on August 27, 2011 against the Philadelphia Independence. The game was tied 1–1 after regulation and extra time, leaving the outcome of the match to be decided by penalty kicks. The Flash won the championship after goalkeeper Ashlyn Harris blocked the shot by Philadelphia's Laura del Rio. Following the 2011 season, Engen was named WPS Defender of the Year and to the 2011 WPS Top XI. Tyresö FF, 2011 Immediately following the 2011 WPS season, Engen joined Swedish team Tyresö FF on loan. She made her first appearance for the team on September 4, 2011 in a match against Umeå IK and made a total of six appearances while with the team and scored one goal. She made her final appearance of the season on October 15. Second stint at Pali Blues, 2012 On January 30, 2012, it was announced that the 2012 WPS season would be suspended following legal and financial challenges. Although the league was intended to resume for the 2013 season, it officially folded in May. In April, Engen joined the Pali Blues of the W-League for the 2012 season. Liverpool L.F.C., 2013 In October 2012, following the W-League season, Engen signed with English club Liverpool Ladies in the Football Association Women's Super League, the highest division of women's soccer in England, for the 2013 season from April to September. She made her first appearance for the team on April 14 in a match against Notts County Ladies FC. She made 12 total league appearances for the team. She made one goal in a match against Chelsea LFC on May 12. Second stint at Tyresö FF, 2013 Tyresö announced in August 2013 that they had agreed a deal to re-sign Engen at the end of her Liverpool contract. She was expected to move back to Sweden in late September or early October and would be available to play for Tyresö in their UEFA Women's Champions League games. Engen, former UNC teammate Ashlyn Haris, and Ali Krieger all signed short-term contracts with the team. They joined United States national team members Christen Press and Meghan Klingenberg, who were already with the club on long-term contracts. In December 2013, Tyresö revealed that Engen had extended her contract and would stay in Sweden until June 2014 in orto pursue Champions League glory along with Press and Klingenberg. Houston Dash, 2014 Following the folding of the WPS in 2012, the United States Soccer Federation formed a new professional soccer league, the National Women's Soccer League, which played its inaugural season in 2013. Although Engen opted to play in Liverpool for the 2013 season, Engen was allocated to NWSL expansion team Houston Dash via the 2014 NWSL Player Allocation in January 2014 She made her first appearance for the team on June 8 in a match against Sky Blue FC. Engen made a total of 11 appearances for the team in the regular season, playing a total of 978 minutes. The Dash finished last in the league and did not advance to the playoffs. Second stint at Western New York Flash, 2015 On October 16, 2014, the Houston Dash traded Engen, Becky Edwards, and a third round pick in the 2016 NWSL College Draft in exchange for Carli Lloyd from the Western New York Flash. Engen missed almost half of the 2015 NWSL season due to commitments with the United States women's national team at the FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada. She made three appearances for the Flash before the World Cup then returned to the team on July 19 in a match against Sky Blue FC. She made 12 total appearances for the team in the regular season, playing 1080 minutes. The Flash finished seventh in the league and did not advance to the playoffs. Boston Breakers, 2016 The Western New York Flash announced on November 10, 2015 that they had traded Engen to the Chicago Red Stars in exchange for Abby Erceg, Adriana Leon, and a first-round pick in the 2016 NWSL College Draft. The Chicago Red Stars then announced on November 23 that they had traded Engen to the Boston Breakers in exchange for Alyssa Naeher and a third-round pick in the 2016 NWSL College Draft. Engen remained with the Breakers for the 2016 season before joining the United States women's national team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Engen returned to the Breakers in late August, following the completion of the games, and made five more appearances for the team. The Breakers finished the 2016 season last in the league and did not advance to the playoffs. The Breakers named Engen Defender of the Year following the 2016 season. Taking off the 2017 season On February 6, 2017, Engen announced that she was "stepping away" from soccer and would not rejoin the Boston Breakers for the 2017 NWSL season. Although Engen would not be playing professional soccer with a club team or with the United States national team, she made it clear that there was a possibility she might return to the NWSL in the future. International career Senior national team First caps, 2010–12 Engen received her first call up to the United States women's national team in March 2010 for a training camp that included two matches against Mexico on March 28 and 31. She was then called into a training camp in September leading into two matches against China on October 2 and 6. Engen was not named to the roster for the 2010 CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying tournament and did not return to the national team until early 2011. Engen returned to the national team in 2011 for a six-day training camp at Home Depot Center in Carson, California from January 8 to 13. Engen then joined the national team for a 32-player training camp in Florida that took place from February 3 to 9 in preparation for the 2011 Algarve Cup. Following the camp, Engen was named to the 23-player roster for the Algarve Cup. Engen made her first appearance for the national team in the second match of the Algarve Cup on March 4 against Norway. She came in for Ali Krieger in the 78th minute to help the United States defeat Norway 2–0. Engen also made an appearance during the team's final group match against Finland on March 7. The United States went on to win the 2011 Algarve Cup title after a 4–2 win over Iceland in the final. From April 18 to May 6, Engen joined the national team for a three-week training camp in Florida. Following the training camp, the 21-player roster for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was released and Engen was not a member of the team. Following the World Cup, Engen trained with the national team for two weeks in November in Arizona leading into a match against Sweden on November 19. Engen was then called up for an 18-day training camp in Carson, California at The Home Depot Center from December 3 to 20. Although Engen did not play a game with the national team in 2012, she traveled and trained extensively with the team throughout the year. Engen trained with the national team during the first training camp of 2012 from January 7 to 15. She was not named to the 20-player roster for the 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying tournament but joined the team following the tournament for a training camp in Frisco, Texas. On February 17, Engen was named to a 23-player roster that would travel to Portugal for the 2012 Algarve Cup. She was subsequently named to the roster of 21 players that would suit up for the matches of the tournament but did not make an appearance during the tournament. Engen traveled to Japan with the national team for the Women's Kirin Challenge Cup in early April. Following the tournament, she trained with the national team in Florida from April 18 to 30. She was then called up to a training camp in Princeton, New Jersey from May 10 to 25 in preparation for a match against China on May 27 but was not named to the 18-player roster for the match. Engen was not named to the roster that would represent the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. 2013–14 In January 2013, Engen was called up to a 29-player training camp leading up to two matches against Scotland in early February. On February 21, Engen was named to the 23-player roster for the 2013 Algarve Cup in Portugal that took place from March 6 to 13. She made her fourth career appearance for the team on March 8 in the match against China. She started the match and scored the fifth and final goal of the game in the 84th minute. Engen came in for Shannon Boxx in the 85th minute of the match against Sweden on March 11 and started in the final match against Germany to help the United States win the Algarve Cup title. Following the 2013 Algarve Cup, Engen traveled to Europe with the national team for matches against Germany and the Netherlands in early April. In late May, Engen was named to the 21-player roster that traveled to Canada to train in preparation for a match against Canada on June 2. She played all 90 minutes of the match to help the United States win 3–0. Engen started off 2014 at a national team training camp from January 8 to 15 at U.S. Soccer's National Training Center in Carson, California. On February 24, Engen was named to the 24-player roster for the 2014 Algarve Cup that took place from March 5 to 12. She played all 90 minutes of the team's first match of the tournament on March 5 against Japan, a 1–1 draw. Engen started and played all 90 minutes in the match against Denmark on March 10, a 5–3 defeat for the United States. The United States finished seventh in the tournament after a win over Korea DPR on March 12, although Engen did not appear in that final match. Engen joined the team for a two-game series against China in April. She started in the match on April 6 and came in for an injured Rachel Van Hollebeke in the seventh minute of the second match on April 10. In late April, Engen was named to a 22-player roster for a match against Canada scheduled for May 8. She started the match, which ended in a 1–1 draw. She was then named to the roster for two games against France on June 14 and 19. She started in the second match on June 19. Engen joined the national team for a training camp at the end of August in order to prepare for two matches against Mexico in September as well as the 2014 CONCACAF Women's Qualifying tournament in October. Engen came in during the second half of the match on September 13 and scored the team's sixth goal in the 58th minute. Following the matches, Engen was named to the roster for the 2014 CONCACAF Women's Championship that served as a qualification for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Engen made three appearances in the tournament. She started for the United States in their second group match against Guatemala on October 17. She scored a goal in the 58th minute to help the United States defeat Guatemala, 5–0. She also played all 90 minutes in the team's final group match against Haiti on October 20. Her third appearances came during the semifinal match against Mexico on October 24, a 3–0 victory for the United States that also qualified them for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The United States went on to win the tournament after a 6–0 victory over Costa Rica on October 26. Following the CONCACAF Qualifying tournament, Engen was named to the 24-player roster for the International Tournament of Brasília in Brazil that took place from December 10 to 21. She made one appearance during the tournament during the match against Argentina on December 18. The United States faced Brazil in the final. Although the game was a 0–0 draw, the tournament title was given to Brazil, who had more points from the group stage. 2015 and the FIFA Women's World Cup Engen started off the year at a 21-day training camp in 2015 from January 5 to 25 at the U.S. Soccer National Training Center in Carson, California. Following the training camp, Engen was named to the 24-player team that would travel on a 13-day trip to Europe for matches against France and England in mid-February. Engen played all 90 minutes in the match against France on February 8. She also played all 90 minutes in the match against England on February 13, which was a shutout victory for the United States. On February 21, Engen was named to the 25-player roster for the 2015 Algarve Cup in Portugal. However, she did not appear in the tournament due to a hamstring injury. She was then named to a 25-player roster on March 20 for a match against New Zealand on April 4 in St. Louis. She did not appear in the match. On April 14, 2015, Engen was named to the 23-player roster that would represent the United States at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. She did not appear in a match during the tournament, but became a World Cup Champion on July 5, when the United States defeated Japan 5–2 in the Women's World Cup final. Engen joined the national team on a Victory Tour following their World Cup win that started in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 16 and ended in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 16. 2016 and the Summer Olympics Engen joined the national team for their first training camp of the year at the U.S. Soccer National Training Center in Carson, California from January 5 to 21. Following the training camp, head coach Jill Ellis released the 20-player roster for the 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying tournament and Engen did not make the team. Engen was named to the roster for the 2016 SheBelieves Cup that took place from March 3 to 9. She came in for Meghan Klingenberg during the team's opening match against England on March 3. She also made appearances in the final two matches of the tournament, helping the United States win the 2016 SheBelieves Cup with a 2–1 win over Germany in their final game. Following the tournament, Engen joined a 23-player roster for a training camp ahead of two matches against Colombia in early April. Engen was also on the roster for another two-game series against Japan in early June. On July 12, 2016, Engen was named to the 18-player team that would represent the United States at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. She made her Olympic debut on August 6 in place of an injured Julie Ertz in their second group match against France. She played all 90 minutes of the match to help the United States win 1–0. Engen once again started in the team's final group match on August 9 against Colombia, which ended in a 2–2 draw. Engen did not make an appearance during the team's match against Sweden on August 12. The United States fell to Sweden in a penalty shootout and did not advance in the tournament. This was the first time the United States women's team did not medal in an Olympic tournament. Release from the national team On October 2, 2016, Engen announced that she had been released by the United States women's national team. In her announcement of the news on Twitter, Engen stated that she was surprised but proud of her accomplishments with the team. At the time of her release, Engen had made 40 appearances for the team and scored 4 goals. Player statistics Olympic appearances International goals Personal Engen got engaged to Ryan Flanagan in September 2019. Engen studied political science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her parents encouraged her to have a plan after soccer. Engen officially became sworn in as an attorney on October 26, 2020. Engen is also an avid baker. Style of play Engen is a strong defender in one-on-one situations and has stated that she believes this to be her strongest asset. In addition, she is known for her "commanding presence in the middle of the field and as a fine aerial threat for headers on set pieces." Honors and awards Individual College University of North Carolina Gift of Fury award: 2006 Soccer Buzz All-America Freshman Second-Team: 2006 Soccer America All-Freshman Second-Team: 2006 Top Drawer Soccer All-Freshman First-Team: 2006 Soccer Buzz All-Southeast Region Second-Team: 2006 Soccer Buzz All-Southeast Region Freshman Team: 2006 ACC All-Tournament Team: 2006 ACC All-Freshman Team: 2006 ACC All-Academic Women's Soccer Team: 2006 ACC Academic Honor Roll: 2007 All-ACC Academic Team: 2007 Soccer Buzz All-America Second-Team: 2008 NSCAA All-America Third-Team: 2008 All-ACC Second-Team: 2008 ACC All-Tournament Team: 2008 ACC All-Academic Team: 2008 NSCAA Collegiate Scholar All-America First-Team: 2008 NSCAA All-Southeast Region Team: 2008 Soccer Buzz All-Southeast Region Team: 2008 Duke adidas Classic MVP: 2008 ACC Women's Soccer Scholar Athlete of the Year: 2009 Honda Sports Award:2010 Club WPS Defender of the Year: 2011 WPS Top XI: 2011 Team NCAA Women's Soccer Championship: 2006, 2008, 2009 W-League Championship: 2009 WPS Championship: 2011 FA Women's Super League: 2013 Algarve Cup: 2011, 2013, 2015 CONCACAF Women's Championship: 2014 FIFA Women's World Cup: 2015 SheBelieves Cup: 2016 See also List of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Olympians Foreign players in the FA WSL List of foreign Damallsvenskan players References Match report External links US Soccer player profile North Carolina player profile 1987 births Living people Soccer players from Torrance, California Soccer players from California North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players American women's soccer players Pali Blues players Women's Professional Soccer players Chicago Red Stars players USL W-League (1995–2015) players Expatriate women's footballers in Sweden Expatriate women's footballers in England Tyresö FF players Liverpool F.C. Women players Women's Super League players Damallsvenskan players Houston Dash players 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players United States women's international soccer players Women's association football defenders Western New York Flash players Boston Breakers players National Women's Soccer League players Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic soccer players for the United States
Dusan may refer to: Dušan, a Slavic given name Dusan, a son of Ra's al Ghul Stefan Dušan (1308–1355), emperor of Serbia See also Doosan Group, a South Korean multinational conglomerate Slavic masculine given names Masculine given names
Montclair (also known as the Montclair District or Montclair Village) is a hillside neighborhood in Oakland, California, United States. Montclair is located along the western slope of the Oakland Hills from a valley formed by the Hayward Fault to the upper ridge of the hills. Although there is no formal definition of the neighborhood, the general boundaries are Highway 24 to the north, Joaquin Miller Road to the south, the city of Piedmont to the west and the Contra Costa County border to the east. The center of the neighborhood is a compact shopping district known as Montclair Village, which is located next to Highway 13 in the bottom of the valley. It lies at an elevation of 640 feet (195 m). Geography The Montclair district is situated around the Hayward Fault which forms a valley running primarily northwest to southeast. The district rises to the west slightly and to the east to the crest of the Oakland hills. Prior to modern development Montclair was geographically demarcated by two creek valleys, one on the northeast and one on the southwest, that both run mostly east to west from the Oakland Hills down to the valley formed by the Hayward Fault and beyond. On the northwest the upper reaches of Temescal Creek run down Thornhill Drive and Pinehaven Road. The creek remains visible above ground in the upper sections along Thornhill and Pinehaven. The creek has two branches that join at the intersection of Thornhill and Pinehaven. From this confluence the creek flows down the south side of Thornhill until Thornhill Elementary School where it then undergrounds and flows down the remainder of Thornhill and then down Mountain Blvd. to Broadway Terrace, before draining into Lake Temescal. On the southeast end of Montclair, the north fork of Sausal Creek (also called Shephard Creek) runs down Shepherd Canyon. At Highway 13, near the parking lot of the Montclair Golf Course, the north fork of Sausal Creek has its confluence with the south fork (also called Palo Seco Creek) running from the eastern hills (encompassing Joaquin Miller Park). The creek then runs down through Dimond Canyon and across the flatlands (mostly in culverts) to San Francisco Bay. History Prior to the Spanish Mission era, native Huchiun and Jalquin tribes of Ohlone Indians populated the general area. In 1820, Montclair and Dimond Canyon were part of the land from El Cerrito to San Leandro which was granted to Luis Maria Peralta. In 1842, Peralta divided his land among his sons and the San Antonio section, including Montclair and Dimond Canyon, went to his son Antonio Maria Peralta. In the northern creek valley, Thornhill Road dates back to some of the earliest development of Montclair. This was an old 19th century logging road built by and named after Hiram Thorn. Thorn's road brought redwood logs to Oakland out of the vast forest known as the Moraga Redwoods where he ran a lumber mill at Pinehurst Road near Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve west of the community of Canyon. Thornhill later became a toll road to Contra Costa County. From Shepherd Canyon extending toward the southeast, the Bayside hills were covered in a vast redwood forest known as the San Antonio Redwoods. Two especially tall trees (the Navigation or Blossom Rock trees) were used by sailors as a navigation aid to avoid Blossom Rock near Yerba Buena Island. Around 1847, settlers started logging the San Antonio redwood forest. In 1850, the area's first steam sawmill was built on the edge of Montclair at Palo Seco Creek in the head of Dimond Canyon. A logging road to the mill was built high along the northern side of Dimond Canyon which later became Park Boulevard. This logging road connected to a wharf at the foot of 13th Avenue and was used to transport the logs down Dimond Canyon to the Bay. By 1860, the San Antonio forest was logged completely. A second logging occurred after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. In this instance the second growth redwoods (approximately 50 years old) as well as the stumps from the first generation trees were logged. One of the largest redwood stumps ever found (32 feet in diameter) is in the Oakland hills and only a single old growth redwood (the Grandfather) remains. Current third growth redwoods are protected in parks including Redwood Regional Park, Joaquin Miller Park and Roberts Regional Recreation Area and redwoods of various ages are found in many Montclair neighborhoods. After the first logging period, Caspar Hopkins, an early settler of the Fruitvale District, formed the Sausal Creek Water Company and built a dam and reservoir at the upper end of Dimond Canyon. The reservoir later became part of the East Bay Water Company and remained until the early 1920s. Early maps show a road passing the reservoir along what is now Waterhouse Road and extending up towards the dam along the current Upper Dimond Canyon Trail. In 1867, Hugh Dimond purchased the canyon. In the first half of the 20th century, the main line of the Sacramento Northern Railroad ran through Montclair. The tracks ran southward from Lake Temescal and crossed into Montclair over a trestle at Moraga Ave. and Thornhill Dr. There is now a pocket park located here in remembrance of this crossing. The route then ran along a high berm between Montclair Recreation Center and Montclair Elementary School before crossing Mountain Blvd. and Snake Road via trestle and then continued up Shepherd Canyon to a tunnel, the west portal of which was located immediately below Saroni Drive. Today, much of the old right-of-way above the village and in Shepherd Canyon is a pedestrian and bicycle path. Although all the old railroad trestles throughout Montclair were removed decades ago, in recent years a pedestrian bridge was built in the same location of one of them, across Snake Road, to connect the two major sections of the pedestrian pathway. The pathway was paved at the same time. In 1956, the State of California proposed the construction of a freeway through Shepherd Canyon, connecting to a proposed southern crossing of San Francisco Bay and running through a tunnel to Moraga, then northward toward Pleasant Hill. The proposal was dropped by the late 1960s. One of the first schools located in Montclair was at the current site of the now-closed Moraga Avenue firehouse and was named in honor of John Coffee Hays, one of the founders of the city of Oakland. The Hays school was closed in 1913. Though sparsely populated since the logging days the major residential subdivision of the village and hills began in the 1920s. The 1927 Montclair firehouse was designed in the Hansel and Gretel style by Eldred E. Edwards of the Oakland Public Works Department. Following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake the Oakland Fire Department built a new station house on Shepherd Canyon Road and, upon completion, vacated the 1927 structure. In March 1930, the Montclair branch of the Oakland Public Library was opened on Mountain Blvd. near Thornhill Dr. to serve the growing village. The small building was built in a similar architectural style as the firehouse, an English cottage-style, and remains in use today. After 1965, additions were completed for the children's room and patio at the rear of the original building. Many homes on the north western edge of the Montclair district were burned in the Oakland firestorm of 1991. Parks These parks are in or closely border the Montclair district. Beaconsfield Canyon Blair Park Dimond Canyon Park Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve Joaquin Miller Park Lake Temescal Regional Recreation Area Marjorie Saunders Park Montclair Railroad Trail Montclair Recreation Center North Oakland Regional Sports Center Dr. Aurelia Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve Roberts Regional Recreation Area Shepherd Canyon Park Short Line Pocket Park Neighborhood and area groups Friends of Moraga Canyon – a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization founded to oppose the development of a sports complex located in Moraga Canyon in the neighboring city of Piedmont. Montclair Neighborhood Council – a volunteer community group whose purpose is to act as a liaison with community residents, organizations, police officers, and city officials to prevent, identify, and resolve challenges in the community. Montclair Tennis Association – a community tennis association with events held at the Montclair and other near-by public tennis courts. Montclair Village Association – an Oakland business improvement district comprising more than 200 businesses located in or near Montclair Village. Piedmont Pines Neighborhood Association – one of Oakland's oldest homeowner's associations whose vision is to make Piedmont Pines a scenically beautiful, safe and diverse community. Notable people Dave Brubeck, jazz pianist and composer Jerry Brown, politician Robert Greenberg, composer, pianist, author, and music historian Joyce Maynard, author Delroy Lindo actor References External links California Department of Education Academic Performance Index (API) Report Friends of Montclair Railroad Trail Friends of Moraga Canyon InsideBayArea – MyTown:Montclair Joaquin Miller Elementary School Montclair Boundary Map Montclair Elementary School Montclair Recreation Center Montclair Neighborhood Council Montclair Tennis Association Montclair Village Association The Montclarion Montera Middle School Oakland Business Improvement Districts Oakland Councilmember District 4 OaklandWiki Montclair Piedmont Pines Neighborhood Association Thornhill Elementary School Neighborhoods in Oakland, California
Lawrence Raymond Baxter (24 November 1931 – 24 November 2016) was an English professional footballer. Baxter, a right winger, joined Northampton Town in March 1952 and scored twice in 17 league games in the following two and a half years. In November 1954 he moved to Norwich City, playing only 5 league games before a move to Gillingham in October 1955. At Gillingham he finally found regular first team football, playing in 61 league games (7 goals) in the following 2 seasons. Out of the Gillingham side at the start of the 1957-58 campaign, he moved to Torquay United in September 1957. He played in 164 league games for Torquay, scoring 22 goals. He left Torquay in July 1962, joining Cheltenham Town, helping the Gloucestershire side to promotion to the Southern League Premier Division. In March 1964, after scoring 19 times in 77 games for Cheltenham, Baxter moved to Deal Town as player-manager. He left Deal to join Margate in December 1965 after a financial crisis at Deal had resulted in the entire squad, including himself, being transfer listed. He was not a regular at Margate, making only 7 appearances before being released at the end of the 1965–66 season. He subsequently played for Loughborough Athletic, Bourne Town, Newfoundpool WMC, Linwood Lane (as player-manager), Enderby Forest, GEC Leicester, Groby (as player-manager), Blaby BC and St Andrews SC where he ended his career. In May 2000, the Torquay-based Herald Express reported that Baxter was employed as a club singer in Leicester. Baxter died at home, after a long illness, on 24 November 2016his 85th birthdayin Leicester. References 1931 births 2016 deaths English men's footballers Footballers from Leicester Northampton Town F.C. players Norwich City F.C. players Gillingham F.C. players Torquay United F.C. players Cheltenham Town F.C. players Deal Town F.C. players Deal Town F.C. managers Margate F.C. players Bourne Town F.C. players Newfoundpool WMC F.C. players Leicester St Andrews F.C. players Men's association football wingers English football managers
The Kirkoswald Hoard is a ninth-century hoard of 542 copper alloy coins of the Kingdom of Northumbria and a silver trefoil ornament, which were discovered amongst tree roots in 1808 within the parish of Kirkoswald in Cumbria, UK. Discovery The hoard was discovered in 1808 near the village of Kirkoswald in Cumbria. It was found within the roots of a tree which had been blown down; other than the parish, there is no further find spot recorded. Contents The hoard comprised 542 or more stycas, as well as a silver trefoil ornament. The coins within the assemblage were issued by the kings of Northumbria, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf and Osberht, as well as by the archbishops of York, Eanbald II, Wigmund and Wulfhere. They were first described by the antiquarian John Adamson. Based on the contents of the hoard, its date of deposition has been attributed to c.865. Comparisons have been made between the metalwork on the trefoil ornament and objects found in the Trewhiddle Hoard and in the West Yorkshire Hoard. Whilst it appears to have been deposited at the same time as the coins, it may date from the late eighth century. Acquisition Soon after its discovery the hoard was split up: the ornament was eventually purchased by the British Museum. The coins were split and parcels of the find made their way into the hands of private collections. By 1814, six coins from the find were in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle. They were donated by the Atkinson family who had an estate at Temple Sowerby nearby. The whereabouts of the rest of the coins are unknown. See also List of hoards in Great Britain Hexham Hoard Elizabeth Pirie Notes References Anglo-Saxon archaeology History of Cumbria Medieval European objects in the British Museum 9th century in England Hoards from Anglo-Saxon Britain Archaeological discoveries in the United Kingdom
The Škoda 10 T, or Skoda 10T, the latter being the common English-language form, is a three-carbody-section low-floor bi-directional tram, developed by Škoda Transportation. It was in production from 2000 to 2002. The vehicle is four-axled, and is based on the Škoda 03 T, which is a uni-directional model operating in a few cities in the Czech Republic. The low-floor area represents 50% of the entire vehicle floor. The 10T was originally part of Skoda's Astra model line, although in the United States it was referred to only as the 10T. However, it was later made part of the company's Elektra model line, after that new line of models was created, around 2010. Production In total, 10 trams of this model were manufactured by Škoda and delivered to: United States: Portland, Oregon: 7 cars, for the Portland Streetcar system, built in 2000–2002 Tacoma, Washington: 3 cars, for the Tacoma Link system, built in 2002 Those ten trams were constructed at a Škoda factory in the Czech Republic and shipped complete to the USA, under a joint venture between Škoda and Inekon Group, with Inekon having been responsible for most of the mechanical design, as well as marketing and shipping, and with Škoda having manufactured the vehicles. Their propulsion control equipment was supplied by an Austrian company, Elin EBG Traction, and braking systems by Knorr, under subcontracts. However, the relationship between Škoda and Inekon deteriorated, and the partnership collapsed in 2001. Škoda 10T cars that had been ordered in 2000 or 2001 were delivered by Inekon to Portland and Tacoma in 2002, which was already after the Škoda-Inekon joint venture had effectively been dissolved. Inekon Group formed a new venture, named DPO Inekon, selling a slightly modified version of the 10T (which it named 12 Trio), while Škoda continued to offer the 10T. Related model built under license In 2006, Škoda entered into an agreement with a US company to permit the latter to construct a 10T tram (streetcar) under license. Oregon Iron Works (OIW), a specialized manufacturing company based in Clackamas, Oregon (an unincorporated community in the southeastern suburbs of Portland), signed an exclusive technology transfer agreement with Škoda in February 2006, and in January 2007 it was awarded a contract to build one 10T streetcar for the Portland Streetcar system. OIW created a new subsidiary named United Streetcar LLC for this venture. This prototype tram, which could be considered an eleventh Škoda 10T but is more accurately described as the first United Streetcar 10T, was completed and delivered to Portland Streetcar in spring 2009. It was designated as model 10T3 by United Streetcar, but that company changed the model designation to "100" for the production-series cars it built later. The prototype US-built 10T was presented to the public and media at a ceremony held on 1 July 2009 in Portland, but it did not enter service until September 2012, delayed first by problems that came to light during acceptance testing and later by a decision to replace its propulsion-control system with a new one built by a US company, in order to increase the US content. In August 2009, Portland signed a US$20 million contract with United Streetcar for the supply of six more streetcars, but the city decided in 2010 to modify the OIW/United Streetcar contract for these six cars, to substitute equipment from Elin EBG Traction for the originally planned Škoda equipment. (They did not receive the experimental system with which the 10T3 prototype was fitted.) They were delivered in 2013 and 2014. In 2010, the city of Tucson, Arizona, placed an order with United Streetcar for seven similar trams for a new tram line to be built there, named Sun Link. An eighth was added to the order in July 2012. Designated as model 200, differing from the 100 in having more powerful air conditioning systems, they were delivered in 2013 and 2014. In April 2012, the District of Columbia Department of Transportation, in Washington, DC, placed an order for two model 100 streetcars for use on the DC Streetcar's H Street/Benning Road Line, under construction for opening in 2015, and the order was expanded to three cars in August 2012. The three cars were delivered between January 2014 and June 2014. The orders from all three cities were completed in 2014, the last car being delivered to Portland in November of that year. With no standing orders at that time, United Streetcar ceased production. Its tramcar manufacturing facilities in Oregon were repurposed by its parent company, OIW, and United Streetcar was formally dissolved in December 2018. Gallery See also Škoda 03 T – unidirectional version marketed in Europe Škoda 06 T - bidirectional model for Cagliari, Italy Škoda 19 T - bidirectional model for Wrocław, Poland Inekon Trams – sells the very similar 12 Trio model United Streetcar – sold the same tram design built in the USA under Škoda licence, originally (the first car only) with propulsion equipment fabricated by Škoda References External links Škoda page about the 10 T as archived in 2010 in the Internet Archive Tramcar Elektra Portland, current Škoda page for what had been called the 10 T Streetcars of the United States Škoda trams 750 V DC multiple units Electric multiple units of the United States
Love You More and More () is the third studio album by the Taiwanese Mandopop boy band Fahrenheit. () Two versions of the album were released on 2 January 2009 by HIM International Music: Love You More and More (Trendy Gentry Edition) (越來越愛貴族時尚男爵版) and Love You More and More (Cool Rocker Edition) (越來越愛酷帥搖滾飛仔版). A Love You More and More (Celebration MV Edition) (越來越愛冠軍慶功影音雙碟版) was released on 23 January 2009 with a bonus DVD containing seven music videos. The album was awarded one of the Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year at the 2009 IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI. The tracks "越來越愛" (Love You More and More) is listed at #36 on Hit Fm Taiwan's Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2009. Album The album consists of a rock style of music and a departure from dance tracks of the past two albums, with only "動脈" (Artery) as a mid tempo dance number. The title track "越來越愛" (Love You More and More) is a mid tempo rock track. The other lead tracks "留下來" (Stay With Me) and "寂寞暴走" (Lonesome Sprint) are both rock ballads. The bonus track "Touch Your Heart" is the Taiwan tourism theme song, which is available on overseas edition, e.g. Hong Kong and Japan. It also features tracks from Taiwanese dramas starring members of Fahrenheit: "恆星" (Shining Star) - opening theme of Rolling Love, starring Jiro Wang, Danson Tang, and Genie Chuo "動脈" (Artery) - opening theme of Mysterious Incredible Terminator, starring Aaron Yan, Gui Gui and Alien Huang "越來越愛" (Love You More and More) and "默默" (Silently) - opening and ending theme songs respectively of ToGetHer, starring Jiro Wang, Rainie Yang, and George Hu Track listing "動脈" Dong Mai (Artery) "越來越愛" Yue Lai Yue Ai (Love You More and More) "寂寞暴走" Ji Mo Bao Zou (Lonesome Sprint) "恆星" Heng Xing (Shining Star) "默默" Mo Mo (Silently) "最佳聽衆" Zui Jia Ting Zhong (The Best Listener) "留下來" Liu Xia Lai (Stay With Me) "孤單摩天輪" Gu Dan Mo Tian Lun (Lonely Ferris Wheel) "雨是眼淚" Yu Shi Yan Lei (Rain and Tear) "你應該被珍惜" Ni Ying Gai Bei Zhen Xi (Cherish) "Touch Your Heart" - Bonus track Music videos "越來越愛" Yue Lai Yue Ai (Love You More and More) MV "寂寞暴走" Ji Mo Bao Zou (Lonesome Sprint) MV - with Aaron Yan as lead actor "恆星" Heng Xing (Shining Star) MV "默默" Mo Mo (Silently) MV - feat Rainie Yang from clips of ToGetHer "最佳聽衆" Zui Jia Ting Zhong (The Best Listener) MV "留下來" Liu Xia Lai (Stay With Me) MV - with Jiro Wang as lead actor "孤單摩天輪" Gu Dan Mo Tian Lun (Lonely Ferris Wheel) MV Notes References External links Fahrenheit discography@HIM International Music 2009 albums Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) albums HIM International Music albums
Keligan is a village in Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan. See also Bamyan Province References External links Satellite map at Maplandia.com Populated places in Bamyan Province
The National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), (), previously known as King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (), is a Nepalese autonomous and not-for-profit organization working in the field of nature conservation. The Trust works on nature and biodiversity conservation, clean energy and climate change, as well as cultural heritage protection, ecotourism, and sustainable development through active engagement of local communities. History NTNC was established in 1982 as an autonomous, not-for-profit organization by a Legislative Act of Nepal. The founding member-secretary was Dr. Hemanta Raj Mishra. Dr. Mishra played a key role on bringing international donors to support the Trust. He was member secretary from 1982 to 1992. Activities NTNC's mission is to conserve nature and natural resources in Nepal while meeting the needs of the people in sustainable way. Geographically, the Trust activities have spread from the sub-tropical plains of Chitwan, Bardia and Kanchanpur in the lowlands to the Annapurna and Manaslu region of the high Himalayas, including the trans-Himalayan region of Upper Mustang and Manang. Currently, the projects of Trust are divided into three geographical areas - the lowland, the mid-hills (Kathmandu Valley) and the high mountains. The Trust’s activities in the lowlands are based in and around the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Chitwan National Park, the Bardia National Park, the Shuklaphanta National Park located in eastern, central and western Nepal, through the Koshi Conservation Center (KCC) in Sunsari, the Biodiversity Conservation Center (BCC) in Chitwan, the Bardia Conservation Program (BCP) in Bardia and the Shuklaphanta Conservation Program (SCP) in Kanchanpur. Similarly, the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), the Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) and Gaurishankar Conservation Area Project (GCAP) are three protected areas managed by the Trust in the mountain region. The Central Zoo is the only project of the Trust in Kathmandu valley. The Trust's major thematic areas are species conservation, protected areas and ecosystems management, conservation economy, climate change, environmental education, and research and knowledge management. The Trust has also started work on urban environment conservation with the Bagmati River Conservation Project. Mission Statement To promote, conserve and manage nature in all its diversity balancing human needs with the environment on a sustainable basis for posterity - ensuring maximum community participation with due cognizance of the linkages between economics, environment and ethics through a process in which people are both the principal actors and beneficiaries. Projects NTNC works in several protected areas of Nepal, including: Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) Gaurishankar Conservation Area Project (GCAP) Biodiversity Conservation Centre, Chitwan (BCC) Bardia Conservation Program (BCP) Suklaphata Conservation Program (SCP) Koshi Conservation Center (KCC) Central Zoo See also Environmental issues in Nepal References External links Non-profit organisations based in Nepal 1982 establishments in Nepal
```python # This file is part of rdiff-backup. # # rdiff-backup is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # option) any later version. # # rdiff-backup is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # # along with rdiff-backup; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA # 02110-1301, USA """Manage logging, displaying and recording messages with required verbosity""" import datetime import os # needed to grab verbosity as environment variable import re import shutil import sys import textwrap import typing import traceback from rdiff_backup import Globals LOGFILE_ENCODING = "utf-8" # type definitions Verbosity = typing.Literal[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] # : typing.TypeAlias InputVerbosity = typing.Union[int, str] # : typing.TypeAlias # we need to define constants NONE: Verbosity = 0 # are always output as-is on stdout ERROR: Verbosity = 1 WARNING: Verbosity = 2 NOTE: Verbosity = 3 INFO: Verbosity = 5 DEBUG: Verbosity = 8 TIMESTAMP: Verbosity = 9 # for adding the timestamp # mapping from severity to prefix (must be less than 9 characters) _LOG_PREFIX: dict[Verbosity, str] = { NONE: "", ERROR: "ERROR:", WARNING: "WARNING:", NOTE: "NOTE:", INFO: "", DEBUG: "DEBUG:", } class LoggerError(Exception): pass class Logger: """All functions which deal with logging""" def __init__(self): self.log_file_open = None self.log_file_local = None # if something wrong happens during initialization, we want to know self.file_verbosity: Verbosity = NONE self.term_verbosity: Verbosity = WARNING def __call__(self, message, verbosity): """ Log message that has verbosity importance message can be a string or bytes """ if verbosity > self.file_verbosity and verbosity > self.term_verbosity: return if not isinstance(message, (bytes, str)): raise TypeError( "You can only log bytes or str, and not {lt}".format(lt=type(message)) ) if verbosity <= self.file_verbosity: self.log_to_file(message, verbosity) if verbosity <= self.term_verbosity: self.log_to_term(message, verbosity) # @API(Log.log_to_file, 200) def log_to_file(self, message, verbosity=None): """Write the message to the log file, if possible""" if self.log_file_open: if self.log_file_local: tmpstr = self._format(message, self.file_verbosity, verbosity) self.logfp.write(_to_bytes(tmpstr)) self.logfp.flush() else: self.log_file_conn.log.Log.log_to_file(message, verbosity) def log_to_term(self, message, verbosity): """Write message to stdout/stderr""" if verbosity in {ERROR, WARNING} or Globals.server: termfp = sys.stderr else: termfp = sys.stdout tmpstr = self._format(message, self.term_verbosity, verbosity) # if the verbosity is below 9 and the string isn't deemed # pre-formatted by newlines (we ignore the last character) if self.file_verbosity <= DEBUG and "\n" not in tmpstr[:-1]: termfp.write( textwrap.fill( tmpstr, subsequent_indent=" " 9, break_long_words=False, break_on_hyphens=False, width=shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - 1, ) + "\n" ) else: termfp.write(tmpstr) def conn(self, direction, result, req_num): """Log some data on the connection The main worry with this function is that something in here will create more network traffic, which will spiral to infinite regress. So, for instance, logging must only be done to the terminal, because otherwise the log file may be remote. """ if self.term_verbosity <= DEBUG: return if type(result) is bytes: result_repr = repr(result) else: result_repr = str(result) # shorten the result to a max size of 720 chars with ellipsis if needed # result_repr = result_repr[:720] + (result_repr[720:] and '[...]') # noqa: E265 if Globals.server: conn_str = "Server" else: conn_str = "Client" self.log_to_term( "{cs} {di} ({rn}): {rr}".format( cs=conn_str, di=direction, rn=req_num, rr=result_repr ), DEBUG, ) def FatalError(self, message, return_code=1): """Log a fatal error and exit""" self.log_to_term("Fatal Error: {em}".format(em=message), ERROR) sys.exit(return_code) def exception(self, only_terminal=0, verbosity=INFO): """Log an exception and traceback If only_terminal is zero, log normally. If it is 1, then only log to disk if log file is local If it is 2, don't log to disk at all. """ assert only_terminal in ( 0, 1, 2, ), "Variable only_terminal '{ot}' must be one of [012]".format(ot=only_terminal) if only_terminal == 0 or (only_terminal == 1 and self.log_file_open): logging_func = self.__call__ else: logging_func = self.log_to_term if verbosity >= self.term_verbosity: return exception_string = self._exception_to_string() try: logging_func(exception_string, verbosity) except OSError: print("OS error while trying to log exception!") print(exception_string) # @API(Log.set_verbosity, 300) def set_verbosity( self, file_verbosity: InputVerbosity, term_verbosity: typing.Union[InputVerbosity, None] = None, ) -> int: """ Set verbosity levels, logfile and terminal. Takes numbers or strings. The function makes sure that verbosities are only modified if both input values are correct. If not provided, the terminal verbosity is set from the logfile one. Returns an integer code. """ try: # we set a temporary verbosity to make sure we overwrite the # actual one only if both values are correct tmp_verbosity: Verbosity = self.validate_verbosity(file_verbosity) if term_verbosity is None: self.term_verbosity = tmp_verbosity else: self.term_verbosity = self.validate_verbosity(term_verbosity) except ValueError: return Globals.RET_CODE_ERR else: self.file_verbosity = tmp_verbosity return Globals.RET_CODE_OK def open_logfile(self, log_rp): """Inform all connections of an open logfile. log_rp.conn will write to the file, and the others will pass write commands off to it. """ assert not self.log_file_open, "Can't open an already opened logfile" log_rp.conn.log.Log.open_logfile_local(log_rp) for conn in Globals.connections: conn.log.Log.open_logfile_allconn(log_rp.conn) # @API(Log.open_logfile_allconn, 200) def open_logfile_allconn(self, log_file_conn): """Run on all connections to signal log file is open""" self.log_file_open = 1 self.log_file_conn = log_file_conn # @API(Log.open_logfile_local, 200) def open_logfile_local(self, log_rp): """Open logfile locally - should only be run on one connection""" assert ( log_rp.conn is Globals.local_connection ), "Action only foreseen locally and not over {conn}".format(conn=log_rp.conn) try: self.logfp = log_rp.open("ab") except OSError as exc: raise LoggerError( "Unable to open logfile {lf} due to " "exception '{ex}'".format(lf=log_rp, ex=exc) ) self.log_file_local = 1 def close_logfile(self): """Close logfile and inform all connections""" if self.log_file_open: for conn in Globals.connections: conn.log.Log.close_logfile_allconn() self.log_file_conn.log.Log.close_logfile_local() # @API(Log.close_logfile_allconn, 200) def close_logfile_allconn(self): """Run on every connection""" self.log_file_open = None # @API(Log.close_logfile_local, 200) def close_logfile_local(self): """Run by logging connection - close logfile""" assert ( self.log_file_conn is Globals.local_connection ), "Action only foreseen locally and not over {lc}".format( lc=self.log_file_conn ) self.logfp.close() self.log_file_local = None def _exception_to_string(self): """Return string version of current exception""" type, value, tb = sys.exc_info() s = "Exception '%s' raised of class '%s':\n%s" % ( value, type, "".join(traceback.format_tb(tb)), ) return s def _format(self, message, verbosity, msg_verbosity): """Format the message, possibly adding date information""" if verbosity <= DEBUG: # pre-formatted informative messages are returned as such if msg_verbosity in {NONE, INFO} and "\n" in message[:-1]: return "{msg}\n".format(msg=message) else: return "{pre:<9}{msg}\n".format( pre=_LOG_PREFIX[msg_verbosity], msg=message ) else: timestamp = ( datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) .astimezone() .strftime("%F %H:%M:%S.%f %z") ) if Globals.server: role = "SERVER" else: role = "CLIENT" return "{time} <{role}-{pid}> {pre} {msg}\n".format( time=timestamp, role=role, pid=os.getpid(), pre=_LOG_PREFIX[msg_verbosity], msg=message, ) @classmethod def validate_verbosity(cls, input_verbosity: InputVerbosity) -> Verbosity: """ Validate verbosity and returns its value as integer. The input value can be a string or an integer, between 0 and 9. Any wrong value raises a ValueError exception. """ try: verbosity = int(input_verbosity) except ValueError: Log( "Verbosity must be a number, received '{vb}' " "instead".format(vb=input_verbosity), ERROR, ) raise ValueError if verbosity in typing.get_args(Verbosity): return typing.cast(Verbosity, verbosity) else: Log( "Verbosity must be between 0 and 9, received '{vb}' " "instead".format(vb=verbosity), ERROR, ) raise ValueError Log = Logger() class ErrorLog: """ Log each recoverable error in error_log file There are three types of recoverable errors: ListError, which happens trying to list a directory or stat a file, UpdateError, which happen when trying to update a changed file, and SpecialFileError, which happen when a special file cannot be created. See the error policy file for more info. """ _log_fileobj = None @classmethod def open(cls, data_dir, time_string, compress=True): """Open the error log, prepare for writing""" assert not cls._log_fileobj, "Log already open, can't be reopened" base_rp = data_dir.append("error_log.%s.data" % time_string) if compress: # FIXME extract MaybeGzip from rpath and make it utils? from rdiff_backup import rpath cls._log_fileobj = rpath.MaybeGzip(base_rp) else: cls._log_fileobj = base_rp.open("wb", compress=0) @classmethod # @API(ErrorLog.isopen, 200) def isopen(cls): """True if the error log file is currently open""" if Globals.isbackup_writer or not Globals.backup_writer: return cls._log_fileobj is not None else: return Globals.backup_writer.log.ErrorLog.isopen() @classmethod # @API(ErrorLog.write_if_open, 200) def write_if_open(cls, error_type, rp, exc): """Call cls._write(...) if error log open, only log otherwise""" if not Globals.isbackup_writer and Globals.backup_writer: return Globals.backup_writer.log.ErrorLog.write_if_open(error_type, rp, exc) if cls.isopen(): cls._write(error_type, rp, exc) else: Log(cls._get_log_string(error_type, rp, exc), WARNING) @classmethod def close(cls): """Close the error log file""" if cls.isopen(): cls._log_fileobj.close() cls._log_fileobj = None @classmethod def _get_log_string(cls, error_type, rp, exc): """Return log string to put in error log""" assert ( error_type == "ListError" or error_type == "UpdateError" or error_type == "SpecialFileError" ), "Unknown error type {et}".format(et=error_type) return "{et}: '{rp}' {ex}".format(et=error_type, rp=rp, ex=exc) @classmethod def _write(cls, error_type, rp, exc): """Add line to log file indicating error exc with file rp""" logstr = cls._get_log_string(error_type, rp, exc) Log(logstr, WARNING) if Globals.null_separator: logstr += "\0" else: logstr = re.sub("\n", " ", logstr) logstr += "\n" cls._log_fileobj.write(_to_bytes(logstr)) def _to_bytes(logline, encoding=LOGFILE_ENCODING): """ Convert string into bytes for logging into file. """ assert logline, "There must be a text to encode" assert isinstance(logline, str), "Text to encode must be str and not {lt}".format( lt=type(logline) ) return logline.encode(encoding, "backslashreplace") ```
The Oolite Blanche is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France References Jurassic France
Wu Dajing (born 24 July 1994) is a Chinese short track speed skater. He is a gold medalist in the Men's 500 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang. He won a gold medal in the Men's 500m at the 2014 ISU World Championships in Montreal, Canada. He won China's only gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang. He won the Men's 500 metres, setting an Olympic record (heat) and two world records (quarterfinal and final) while leading wire-to-wire in all three contests en route to capturing the gold. He became only the second person in history to have skated the discipline in under 40 seconds, after American J. R. Celski who managed the feat in 2012 in Calgary at a much higher elevation where the reduced air density tends to give the skater an advantage due to lowered air resistance. Wu also won a silver medal with his teammates in the men's 5000m team relay. Wu Dajing was China's flag bearer during the parade of nations at the opening ceremony of the 2017 Asian Winter Games. Wu Dajing also made a special appearance in the Chinese drama TV series Skate into Love in 2020. International competition podiums References External links Wu Dajing's profile , from http://www.sochi2014.com ; retrieved 2014-02-14. 1994 births Living people Chinese male short track speed skaters Olympic short track speed skaters for China Olympic medalists in short track speed skating Olympic gold medalists for China Olympic silver medalists for China Olympic bronze medalists for China Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics Asian Games medalists in short track speed skating Asian Games gold medalists for China Asian Games silver medalists for China Short track speed skaters at the 2017 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists Sportspeople from Heilongjiang People from Jiamusi 21st-century Chinese people
The bundle of His (BH) or His bundle (HB) ( "hiss") is a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction. As part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, it transmits the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node (located between the atria and the ventricles) to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches via the bundle branches. The fascicular branches then lead to the Purkinje fibers, which provide electrical conduction to the ventricles, causing the cardiac muscle of the ventricles to contract at a paced interval. Function The bundle of His is an important part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, as it transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node, located at the anterior-inferior end of the interatrial septum, to the ventricles of the heart. The bundle of His branches into the left and the right bundle branches, which run along the interventricular septum. The left bundle branch further divides into the left anterior fascicle and the left posterior fascicle. These bundles and fascicles give rise to thin filaments known as Purkinje fibers. These fibers distribute the impulse to the ventricular muscle. The ventricular conduction system comprises the bundle branches and the Purkinje networks. It takes about 0.03–0.04 seconds for the impulse to travel from the bundle of His to the ventricular muscle. Clinical significance Disorders affecting the cardiomyocytes that make up the electrical conduction system of the heart are called heart blocks. Heart blocks are separated into different categories based on the location of the cellular damage. Damage to any of the conducting cells in or below the bundle of His is collectively referred to as "infra-Hisian blocks". To be specific, blocks that occur in the right or left bundle branches are called "bundle branch blocks", and those that occur in either the left anterior or the left posterior fascicles are called "fascicular blocks", or "hemiblocks". The conditions in which both the right bundle branch and either the left anterior fascicle or the left posterior fascicle are blocked are collectively referred to as bifascicular blocks, and the condition in which the right bundle branch, the left anterior fascicle, and the left posterior fascicle are blocked is called trifascicular block. Infra-hisian blocks limit the heart's ability to coordinate the activities of the atria and ventricles, which usually results in a decrease in its efficiency in pumping blood. Pacing A 2000 study found that direct His bundle pacing is more effective in producing synchronized ventricular contraction—and therefore in improving cardiac function—than apical pacing. Etymology These specialized muscle fibers in the heart were named after the Swiss cardiologist Wilhelm His Jr., who discovered them in 1893. See also Atrioventricular node Bachmann's bundle Bundle branches Bundle of Kent Purkinje Fibers Sinoatrial node References Further reading External links – "Right atrioventricular bundle branch, anterior view" () Healthy Heart Cardiac anatomy Cardiac electrophysiology
Gilberto de Syllos is a Brazilian musician, voice actor and has been a professional bassist and music professor for more than 30 years. Born Gilberto de Syllos Rosa in Campinas, Brazil, on 27 April 1967 he is now based in São Paulo, where he teaches music and performs as a solo artist and with a wide variety of popular Brazilian and international acts. Currently, dubs Nine in portuguese version of Numberblocks. Career De Syllos holds a bachelor's degree in music from Campinas State University (UNICAMP) and is currently (April/2018) a master's degree candidate at the same university. Since 2002, he has been on the faculty at Faculdade de Música Souza Lima in São Paulo, teaching the Electric and Acoustic Bass programs as well as Music History, Theory, and Ear Training. De Syllos has authored several books, including “Drumset and Bass in Brazilian Popular Music”, “ “Electric Bass Techniques in Brazilian Popular Music,” and "Baião and Northeastern Brazilian Rhythms.” These last two books have been released in Europe and in the United States by Advance Music Editors. De Syllos participated on the play-along recording and book, “Brazilian Music of Roberto Menescal ” and "Brazilian Music in Odd Metters," which were released by Editora Souza Lima. As a professor, he has participated in clinics, workshops, and music festivals held in the main cities of Brazil and abroad, most recently in the United States, Venezuela, Germany, and Portugal. In 2015 he produced the show “Basstucada” (available in English and Portuguese on Youtube which was recorded live at the Sesc Campinas. Basstucada covers the entire career of De Syllos as a player and as a composer. In 2014, he received a special invitation by the Campinas Symphonic Orchestra to play with singer/composer Ivan Lins in the celebrations of the orchestra's 85th anniversary. Since 2013 he has been the bass player of the Orquestra Rock de Campinas (SP) in spectacles produced and directed by conductor and Martin Lazarov. De Syllos has been a columnist for the Brazilian Edition of Bass Player magazine (2012/2013), writing articles about acoustic and upright bass playing . He composed the soundtrack to Diego Ruiz de Aquino and Helton Ladeira's award-winning short film “Noir” (2007). He was praised by The New York Times critics and referred to as "the genial Gilberto de Syllos" for his work on the show “da Corda pro Pé” on Broadway in 2006. His first CD, Tocando Baixo (1996), was nominated for the Prêmio Sharp in 1997. Over the years, de Syllos has been working on a solo career as a composer and band leader, and has accompanied top Brazilian and International artists like Ivan Vilela, Izzy Gordon, Paulo Jobim, Roberto Menescal, Ná Ozetti, Toninho Ferraguti, Duofel, Hermeto Pascoal, Lenine, Zeca Baleiro, Marlui Miranda, Lupa Santiago, Pedro de Alcântara, Bina Coquet, Hot Jazz Club, Bloody Mary & Os Caipirinhas, Marcelo Onofri, Connie Evingson, Laura Penn, Maria Sole (Italy), Sally Burgues (New Zealand), Robin Nolan (Netherlands), Richard Smith (England), Thomas Walburn (Denmark), Connie Evingson, Laura Penn, and Jason S. Smith (USA), Niclas Campagnol (Switzerland), Dario Napoli (Italy) among others, in stage performances and recordings. More recently, De Syllos has dedicated more of his time to be the dubbing and musical director for Atma Entretenimento, in São Paulo, Brazil, where he creates Brazilian versions for a variety of projects including live-action and animated movies, broadcast series and documentaries, as well as supervising the whole dubbing and music production team in the studio. Seo Manouche Gilberto de Syllos has taken gipsy jazz with so much passion, he has even changed his stage name to Seo Manouche (Brazilian Portuguese for Mister Manouche) whenever he plays this style of music. His first album for this project, the eponymous Seo Manouche, contains original gypsy jazz songs sung in Brazilian Portuguese as shown in the local press and the Brazilian Edition of Bass Player magazine . Seo Manouche brings to light a unique universe where Brazilian root music and gipsy jazz are blended together. In 2015 he released both the CD and the awarded video clip titled "Já Que Tá Que Fique”. In 2017, he released his second album named “Cavaquinho de Itu” in a partnership with songwriter Carlos Castelo (Língua de Trapo). De Syllos performed with the Bina Coquet Trio in 2017 at the prestigious Django Amsterdam Festival in Holland, where they were cast as showing "a new sound combining Brazilian music with gypsy jazz and Django Reinhardt" and received great reviews from Qintette magazine for his performance. Seo Manouche was the first act to be invited by musicologist Zuza Homem de Mello in his project "Zuzando nas Notas". When describing the Seo Manouche project, De Syllos remarked “I am part of a small group of Brazilian musicians that are interpreters and performers of the style made famous by Django Reinhardt. I am a founding member of the Hot Jazz Club, pioneers in this style since 2003, with 3 CDs released. I started observing several Brazilian gypsy jazz musicians came from a sophisticated academic world, unlike the European performers. As a matter of fact, there was no tradition in the style in Brazil, however, in the last 5 years, several CDs have been released, with new bands being formed. One of the qualities of such a style in Brazil is that most of the performers follow a blend with the rich universe of Brazilian rhythms such as samba, maxixe, xóte, and frevo, with the result being a sort of hybrid music. For this reason, I consider it most important for my research this previous experience with the Brazilian manouche jazz, which has resulted in enthusiasm and new interpretations of a rhythm that has been played form for more than 80 years in Europe.” Other Seo Manouche short films include "Esta Canção de Natal" (This Christmas Song), "Cavaquinho de Itu" and "Midnight in São Paulo". Basstucada The Basstucada concert was performed on September 15, 2013, at the Sesc Theater in Campinas, SP, Brazil. Video made available on Youtube on April 28, 2015. The performance covered the 30-year career of Gilberto de Syllos. The program, divided in two parts had his original songs played by Fábio Bergamini (percussion), Lucas Casacio (drums) e Edu Guimarães (accordion). For the second part, songs and arrangements by Ivan Vilela who played his 10-string Brazilian guitar, with Gilberto de Syllos playing the upright bass and special guest Paula Pi (viola and fiddle). The concert was first promoted on YouTube, with the musicians explaining their participations and the importance of their instruments, in a comprehensive way. Songs like “Cyclone” and “Brazilian bass” came about written exercises originally released as part of Gilberto's Guide for the Bass Guitar. ”Gilberto de Syllos has an in depth vision of music. This is the result of his multiple activities and talents: musician, composer, producer, researcher and teacher. For each of these talents, one shall add yet some other qualities: virtuoso, inspired, competent, curious, generous – and that is the recipe for a great artist. Basstucada comprises three decades of a career lived onstage, in the studio and on books, where de Syllos has taught us the rightful place of the bass guitar in Brazilian popular music." (Alexandre Pavan – journalist and author of "Timoneiro - Perfil Biográfico de Hermínio Bello de Carvalho”). De Syllos himself, when describing the Basstucada project, commented: “When choosing the performances, I considered the importance of the musicians involved in each project, the period in which such performances occurred (from 2013 to 2016), how demanding each of the musical performances were, and how successful they were. As a bassist and interpreter of bass lines in each of these concerts, I needed full knowledge of several elements that characterize the music as a language, resulting in an adequate and different interpretation. Basstucada was the performance that had the greatest impact of all, for it was the celebration of 30 years of my career as a musician and composer. It was also the performance that generated the production and recording of the DVD, which comes with the testimony from all the musicians involved in the project and such a format resulted in “didactic performance”. During the testimonies/interviews, the musicians gave explanations about the function of each instrument and their context within the Basstucada concert. Basstucada is an instrumental performance where I use the bass as an extension of my own body, with moments of great interaction with the audience as is the case of “In prompt to you”, which is an improvisation number where musician and audience interact beautifully". PART I 01. Cyclone (Gilberto de Syllos) 02. Brazilian bass (Gilberto de Syllos) 03. Basstucada (Gilberto de Syllos) 04. Esposa (Gilberto de Syllos) 05. Santa Teresa (Edu Guimarães) 06. Merlin (Gilberto de Syllos) 07. Carinhoso (Pixinguinha) 08. Aquiles otro loco (Gilberto de Syllos) 09. Forró do Gorducho (Gilberto de Syllos) 10. Tocando baixo (Gilberto de Syllos) PART II 11. Ar (Ivan Vilela) 12. Fogo (Ivan Vilela) 13. Sertão (Ivan Vilela) 14. Ponteio (Edu Lobo/Capinan) 15. In prompt to you (Gilberto de Syllos) 16. Carreirando (Pereira da Viola) 17. Barquisimeto (Gilberto de Syllos) Discography {\| style="width:100%;" \|- valign="top" \| style="width:50%;"\| Studio albums and participations References 1967 births Living people Brazilian musicians Brazilian session musicians
Drillia indra is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae. Description Distribution This species occurs in the demersal zone in the Zanzibar Channel. References Thiele J., 1925. Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In:. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 II. Teil, vol. 17, No. 2, Gustav Fischer, Berlin Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295 External links indra Gastropods described in 1925
Earlsfort Terrace is a street in Dublin, Ireland which was laid out in the 1830s. History In 1839 a row of houses on Leeson Street was demolished, which opened up a thoroughfare from St Stephen's Green to create Earlsfort Terrace. From 1843, building sites were leased by Lord Clonmell, also known as Baron Earlsfort, for whom the street is named. The entire site, which had previously been occupied by Clonmell House, was purchased by Benjamin Lee Guinness. In 1863, Guinness then sold the site to the Dublin Exhibition and Winter Garden Company to be used for the International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures. Remnants of the exhibition building can still be seen in the National Concert Hall (NCH), which now occupies the site. The NCH building, dating from 1914, had been part of the University College Dublin campus, which was located on Earlsfort Terrace until the 1970s. The Georgian houses on the corner of St Stephen's Green and Earlsfort Terrace were demolished between 1964 and 1971 and were replaced with a collection of modern office blocks including Canada House designed by architect Brian Hogan. The houses opposite, on the West side of the street were replaced with Saint Stephens Green House, built as the headquarters of the Irish Sugar Company. The scheme also involved the demolition of numerous properties on Leeson Street including the Magdalen Asylum Chapel. The Conrad Hotel and numerous office blocks were built during the 1980s, partially on the former site of Alexandra College, which occupied buildings on part of the West side of the street. See also List of streets and squares in Dublin References Sources Streets in Dublin (city) St Stephen's Green
Goldstone are a British contemporary girl group formed in 2013, consisting of three members from music and stage backgrounds: Aimie Atkinson (creative director), Helen Wint, and Rhiannnon Porter. Aimie and Helen met whilst with the Dirty Dancing theatre show and formed the group through their love of pop music. Career 2018: Eurovision: You Decide Goldstone were 2018 contestants in Eurovision: You Decide, in a bid to represent the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. This was the result of three months of auditions at the BBC's London headquarters, which whittled the contestants down to six finalists. They performed their pop song, "I Feel The Love" by Eric Lumiere, Joakim Buddee, Laura White and Roel Rats but in the end they lost to SuRie. Despite this, the band members were upbeat and positive about the experience performing at the event. 2018: Voice of Astana winners Goldstone were 2018 winners of The Voice of Astana, held in Kazakhstan. Other endeavours In 2017, Atkinson played Katherine Howard in the Original West End cast of SIX the musical in 2019 and would go on to form a seven piece girl group called SVN in 2021 with six other members of this cast: Millie O'Connell, Natalie May Paris, Alexia McIntosh, Jarnéia Richard-Noel, Maiya Quansah-Breed, and their original dance captain, Grace Mouat. In 2022, the group released a number of singles such as "Woman" and "Free". In 2020, she dominated the West End with the main role of Vivian Ward in the UK production of Pretty Woman: The Musical. Despite all this, Aimie continues to remain close to her Goldstone band members. References External links British pop girl groups
Nicosan, also known as Hemoxin, Niprisan, or Nix-0699, is a phytochemical which was studied in sickle-cell disease (SCD). As of 2017 it does not appear to be commercially available, as the only manufacturer, which was in Nigeria, has stopped producing it due to financial problems. Medical uses There is tentative evidence that it may be useful in sickle-cell disease. It however does not appear to affect overall complications or rates of anemia. Chemistry It is an ethanol/water extract of Piper guineense seeds, Pterocarpus osum stem, Eugenia caryophyllus fruit, and Sorghum bicolor leaves. History It was developed at the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) (U.S. Patent # 5,800,819 - September 1, 1998). NIPRD has conducted Phase III clinical trials in Nigeria which showed unclear benefits but have not been published as of 2010. In August 2002, a Nigerian subsidiary of the American company Xechem International, acquired the rights to Nicosan. On July 6, 2006, the drug was announced in Nigeria, with the president of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, in attendance. In 2008, a fraud complaint alleged that Nigerian public money was spent on the drug. Xechem International went bankrupt in 2008 and production of the drug stopped. Footnotes Antioxidants
The prime minister of Sint Maarten became the head of government of Sint Maarten after the Netherlands Antilles had been dissolved on 10 October 2010. The prime minister, together with the Council of Ministers and the governor of Sint Maarten, form the executive branch of the government of Sint Maarten. Sint Maarten's current prime minister is Silveria Jacobs. List of prime ministers of Sint Maarten Political parties: See also List of Sint Maarten leaders of government References Politics of Sint Maarten
Zainab Damilola Alabi (born 16 October 2002) is Nigerian badminton player. She participated in major badminton events at both local and international level. As a junior player, she won three bronze medals at the 2018 African Youth Games held in Algiers, Algeria. Alabi then won the women's singles bronze medal at the 2019 African Championships, and also the mixed team gold medal at the 2019 Rabat African Games. Achievements African Championships Women's singles African Youth Games Girls' singles Mixed doubles References External links 1994 births Living people Nigerian female badminton players Competitors at the 2019 African Games African Games gold medalists for Nigeria African Games medalists in badminton Yoruba sportswomen 21st-century Nigerian women
Proboscidea is a genus of flowering plant in the family Martyniaceae, some of whose species are known as devil's claw, devil's horn, ram's horn, or unicorn plant. The plants produce long, hooked seed pods. The hooks catch on the feet of animals, and as the animals walk, the pods are ground or crushed open, dispersing the seeds. The name devil's claw is shared with the South African plant Harpagophytum procumbens. Uses The fruits of all species are edible before they ripen and become woody. They can be steamed and eaten much like okra. Some species (particularly P. parviflora) are used in basket weaving by the Tohono O'odham who have selected for varieties with longer "claws." The Chemehuevi also use devil's claw pods in basketry. The Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham and the Tohono O'odham eat the seeds, which provided an important source of dietary oils. P. parviflora was also used as a remedy for rheumatism. Species Species include: Proboscidea althaeifolia - devil's horn, devil's claw, or desert unicorn plant Proboscidea louisianica - ram's horn Proboscidea parviflora - doubleclaw, (red) devil's claw Proboscidea sabulosa - dune unicorn plant Proboscidea spicata - New Mexico unicorn plant Proboscidea lutea is a synonym of Ibicella lutea. References External links USDA Image Gallery Martyniaceae Lamiales genera
Lynne Nette (born 26 May 1942), previously known as Lynette Hutchings, is a South African-born Australian former professional tennis player active in the 1960s and 1970s. Nette, a junior Wimbledon finalist, was ranked as high as number two in her native South Africa. In 1961 she moved to Australia and married tennis player Neville Nette. Some of her best career performances were at Wimbledon, where she made the round of 16 in singles and semi-finals in women's doubles (with Margaret Hunt in 1961). References External links 1942 births Living people Australian female tennis players South African female tennis players South African emigrants to Australia
Chester Peter "Chess" Lyons (1915 – December 20, 1998) was a Canadian outdoorsman and natural historian. The author of several books on the flora and landscape of the Pacific Northwest, Lyons is best known for his popular and widely cited botanical field guides. Lyons grew up in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and in 1938 became a forestry engineer at a time when the Parks Branch was part of the B.C. Forest Service. Lyons designed many trails, campgrounds and picnic sites for the early provincial parks. In 1940, six months after Wells Gray Provincial Park was created, he was assigned by the Minister of Lands, Arthur Wellesley Gray, to explore and map the area. The park boundaries had been arbitrarily drawn around the drainage basin of the Clearwater River and few people knew what had been included in this huge new park. His four-month expedition produced the first maps of the new Park and he established about a quarter of its current place names, all carefully researched to remember settlers, prospectors, explorers, forest rangers, and other people who had lived and worked in the Clearwater Valley. After his Wells Gray Park survey, Lyons headed similar exploratory expeditions into Tweedsmuir and Manning Provincial Parks. In the 1950s, Lyons visited Liard River Hot Springs, then known as Theresa Hot Springs, in his homemade caravan and surveyed potential park boundaries. He returned to Victoria and recommended that the Hot Springs be made in to a provincial park; this occurred in 1957. Lyons was also responsible for negotiations with land owners to secure the original Barkerville historic site and he acquired many artifacts that have brought realism to this popular heritage site. Lyons persuaded the Summerland Agricultural Research Station to part with some federal land along Okanagan Lake which became the popular parks of Sun-Oka Beach, Pyramid, Kickininee, and Soorimpt. British Columbia travellers in the 1960s and 1970s remember the "Garbage Gobblers" at many viewpoints; Lyons designed these concrete green and yellow figures with big white teeth and a sign "Please Feed Me". He also planned the numerous Stop of Interest signs which were 50-word snippets of information along the province's highways. Starting in the late 1960s, Lyons became a well-known outdoors photographer with frequent appearances on the CBC nature show, Klahanie. As a film lecturer for the National Audubon Society and the World Around Us travel series, he brought British Columbia to audiences in many North American cities. He wrote several books (see Bibliography) and is probably best known for Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in British Columbia, plus several other popular field guides on the plants of British Columbia and Washington State. These books have appeared in many revised editions since 1952 and have been used by many outdoors people, tourists, and natural history students and professionals. In his later years, Lyons was an avid bird-watcher and took up landscape painting to depict the essence of ecosystems that were special to him. Bibliography Milestones on the Mighty Fraser (Dent, 1950; Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958). Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in British Columbia, 1952. Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in Washington, 1956. Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in Washington and British Columbia, 1995 (with Bill Merilees). Milestones in Ogopogo Land: In Which the Many Wonders of the Land of Ogopogo and Sunshine Are Revealed. Evergreen Press, 1957. Milestones on Vancouver Island: the Story of This Island to the West, Its Past and Its Present. Evergreen Press, 1958. Milestones in Ogopogo Land. Foremost Publishing Co. Ltd., 1970 Okanagan Valley. Heritage House Pub. Co., 1985. Fraser and Thompson River Canyons (Surrey: Heritage House, 1986). Wildflowers of Washington, 1997. References Canadian non-fiction writers Canadian conservationists Writers from Saskatchewan 1915 births 1998 deaths 20th-century non-fiction writers University of British Columbia alumni
It's Time is the fourth extended play (EP) by American pop rock band Imagine Dragons, released on March 12, 2011. It was recorded inside of Studio X at the Palms Hotel and Casino during the autumn of 2010. All songs were written and produced by Imagine Dragons and mixed by Grammy-nominated engineer Mark Needham. To promote the EP, the band toured with The Parlotones and performed at Bergenfest 2011, SSMF 2011, and Bite of Las Vegas 2011. The track "America" was also promoted via AOL Jobs. The album was awarded "Best CD of 2011" by Vegas Seven Magazine. Title track "It's Time" was also a #1 MIX Most Requested Song on MIX 94.1FM in Las Vegas during October 2011 and charted on the Billboard Heatseekers chart in the Mountain Range. "It's Time" and "Amsterdam" were included on the band's debut album Night Visions, while "Tokyo", "The River", and "America" appear on various deluxe editions of the album. On October 15, 2021, the EP was re-released onto streaming platforms with the previously unreleased bonus track "Dolphins". Release On 9 March 2010, the band announced the name of the EP on Twitter. On 22 May, the band posted a video featuring 4 snippets of new demos they were working on. Out of these, only "Pantomime" managed to get a release on the EP. On 23 June, they released a music video for the song "America". During the summer of 2010, the band began introducing newer material into their live performances. With the exception of "It's Time" and "Pantomime," early versions of the remaining tracks were played live before the EP's release in March 2011. On 16 September, the band posted a video of them working at the Palms Studio, Las Vegas with the instrumental demos of "Amsterdam" and "It's Time" played in the background. The video also features the band playing around with a high-pitched version of their song "The River". A music video for "The River" was soon uploaded on their YouTube channel on 19 December. "It's Time" also got a visuals video two days later. "Amsterdam" got a music video on New Year's Eve. A preview of "Tokyo" was posted on the same day. "Look How Far We've Come" got a music video on 3 January 2011. A video featuring a compilation of dance clips from fans was made for "Tokyo" on 10 January. The final music video was made for "Pantomime" on 14 February featuring the band performing a lyric prank on a lady. The EP was finally released on iTunes and CDBaby on 12 March 2011, "Leave Me" being the only previously unreleased song on it. Film and television "It's Time" was featured on commercials for MLS' Real Salt Lake and in the trailer for the American film adaptation of The Perks of Being a Wallflower. "Tokyo", "America" (wrongly credited as The Parlotones), and "Leave Me" were featured on CBS's Around the World for Free (Season 3). "It's Time" was featured in season 12 of Degrassi in the episodes "Never Ever" Part One and Part Two. "It's Time" was sung by Blaine Anderson (portrayed by Darren Criss) in the Season 4 premiere of Glee. "It's Time" was used as background music for an Apple Keynote Event presentation in September 2012. "It's Time" was used as background music for a National Geographic 2013 commercial in South America. "America" was used in the 2014 documentary America: Imagine the World Without Her by Dinesh D'Souza. Track listing All songs are produced by Imagine Dragons (Dan Reynolds, Wayne Sermon, Ben McKee, Andrew Tolman, Brittany Tolman), except where noted Critical reaction The record was released to largely positive critical and fan reaction. Las Vegas Review-Journal gave the record a very positive review, quipping "The craftsmanship here is impeccable, hard to believe this band is still unsigned". Vegas SEVEN also gave the record a very positive review and wrote that "...It's Time contains eight of the best rock songs I've heard this year, particularly the soaring, guitar-chiming 'Amsterdam', which gives Coldplay a run for their epic, anthemic pop songwriting money. Dan Reynolds and Brittany Tolman's harmonizing on the chorus makes the hair on my neck stand up, and I just can't understand what's left for this remarkable quintet to accomplish locally. They've won every battle of the bands, been featured in every newspaper and earned every distinction. Damn, they've even opened for Weezer and Interpol. If Universal doesn't sign these guys, then I give up." Vegas SEVEN magazine also awarded the album "Best CD of 2011" in their Best Of issue. References External links Imagine Dragons official site 2011 EPs Imagine Dragons EPs
Edward Backhouse (1808–1879) was a Quaker philanthropist and writer on church history. He was also one of the founding fathers of the Sunderland Echo newspaper. He was recognised as having the gift of vocal ministry in 1854. Early life Edward Backhouse was born in Darlington on 8 May 1808, the son of Mary and Edward Backhouse of Darlington. When Edward senior moved to Sunderland in 1816, his family traveled with him. Edward junior remained in Sunderland until just before his death. Working life Backhouse became a partner in the family banking firm of Backhouse & Co, but did not take an active part in the business. Instead, he engaged in many philanthropic activities and the concerns of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) from 1854. He travelled in the ministry to France and Norway. In 1862 and 1863, he served as Clerk to the annual national gathering of Quakers known as London Yearly Meeting. In Sunderland, he was active in establishing the Sunderland Indigent Sick Society, the British School in Borough Road, Sunderland, and the old Athenaeum and Reformatories. Political life Backhouse, who held Liberal political views, was a leading supporter of Sunderland Infirmary, and of temperance work. At the time of his death in 1879, he was President of the Sunderland Temperance Society and treasurer of the Bible Society. He was also a prominent opponent of the Contagious Diseases Acts, serving as President of the Northern Counties Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. The political views of Backhouse were shared by Samuel Storey and other leading local politicians of the day. His political opinions eventually led Backhouse to become one of the original seven founders of the Radical-run Sunderland Echo in 1873. Personal life Backhouse married Katherine Mounsey in 1856. The couple had no children. He died in Hastings, where he had gone for his health, on 22 May 1879. The work Backhouse carried out on church history was published posthumously. Publications Early Church History to the Death of Constantine, edited and enlarged by Charles Tylor (1884) (Available online ). Witnesses for Christ : and memorials of church life from the fourth to the thirteenth century : a sequel to "Early church history : in two volumes / by Edward Backhouse and Charles Tylor (1887) (Vol.1 is available online ). The Religious Society of Friends : the doctrines and practices in which they agree with their fellow-Christians, and those in which they differ / by Edward Backhouse. - London ; Sunderland : Kitto : William Henry Hills, (1870) (Available online ) Det religiose Vennernes Samfund : laerdomme og skikke, hvori de ere enige med deres Medkristne, og andre, hvori de ere forskjellige / af Edward Backhouse. - Stavanger : Paul T. Dreyer, (1871) [in Norwegian] Biographical memoirs : being a record of the Christian lives, experiences, and deaths of members of the religious Society of Friends, from its rise, to 1653 / By Edward and Thomas J. Backhouse, and the late Thomas Mounsey. Vol. I. - London : W. & F. G. Cash, (1854) (available online ). Martyr scenes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries / designed and drawn by Edward Backhouse and William Bell Scott. - ill.. - (1888) p. 56 p.. - London : Hamilton, Adams & Co. References 1808 births 1879 deaths English Quakers Quaker ministers English philanthropists People from Darlington People from Sunderland Writers from Tyne and Wear 19th-century Quakers 19th-century English people 19th-century British philanthropists
Franciszkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raczki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Raczki, south-west of Suwałki, and north of the regional capital Białystok. References Franciszkowo
```xml import { Token } from './token' import { ValueToken } from './value-token' import { TokenKind } from '../parser' export class RangeToken extends Token { constructor ( public input: string, public begin: number, public end: number, public lhs: ValueToken, public rhs: ValueToken, public file?: string ) { super(TokenKind.Range, input, begin, end, file) } } ```
Luca Sterbini (born 12 November 1992) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally for the team in 2015 and 2016. Major results 2010 1st Time trial, National Junior Road Championships 2013 3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 2014 8th Overall Giro della Regione Friuli References External links 1992 births Living people People from Palestrina Italian male cyclists Cyclists from Lazio Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
In politics, a revolving door is a situation in which personnel move between roles as legislators and regulators, on one hand, and employees or lobbyists of the industries affected by the legislation and regulation, on the other. It is analogous to the movement of people in a physical revolving door. Political analysts claim that an unhealthy relationship can develop between the private sector and government, based on the granting of reciprocated privileges to the detriment of the nation, and can lead to regulatory capture. The term has also been used in a different context, to refer to the constant switching and ousting of political leaders from offices such as in Australia (which changed Prime Ministers 6 times from 2007–2018) and Japan. Overview Previous work The revolving door phenomenon has become a public interest in the 2010s, with the writings of Andrew Baker, Simon Johnson and James Kwak. In the literature, it has been described as a means to influence the financial industry. This theory gained a new level of importance in the United States, following the 2008 crisis, when prominent government figures insinuated that previous and future hirings in the financial sphere manipulates the decision-making of eminent government members when it comes to financial matters. Governments hire industry professionals for their private sector experience, their influence within corporations that the government is attempting to regulate or do business with, and in order to gain political support (donations and endorsements) from private firms. Industry, in turn, hires people out of government positions to gain personal access to government officials, seek favorable legislation/regulation and government contracts in exchange for high-paying employment offers, and get inside information on what is going on in government. In fact, the regulator while in office takes actions and makes decisions enabling him to cash in later when joining a firm he has regulated. These actions are termed as bureaucratic capital. It is essentially inside knowledge of the system, including any loopholes that might exist. ‘Bureaucratic capital’ consists also of good relationship with the lower-level bureaucracy. ‘Bureaucratic capital’ therefore enables the bureaucrat to cash in later thereon, after exiting the public sector and joining a firm in the sector he previously regulated. Thus, the bureaucrat can abuse the previous position to increase income in a legal way. The lobbying industry is especially affected by the revolving door concept, as the main asset for a lobbyist is contacts with and influence on government officials. This industrial climate is attractive for ex-government officials. It can also mean substantial monetary rewards for the lobbying firms and government projects and contracts in the hundreds of millions for those they represent. An example is the revolving door between U.S. politics and military industry. As of 2023, the 80 per cent of U.S. four-star retirees are employed in defense industry. Consequences Scientific papers have demonstrated the consequences of the revolving doors practice and the side effects of those movements are numerous. These can be beneficial either for the companies or for the regulatory bodies. Authors, such as David Miller and William Dinan, have claimed that there are risks when going in and out of revolving doors. The consequences of this movement can be conflict of interest or the loss of confidence in the regulating institutions. Another possible side effect of the revolving door practice is that regulators could give away confidential information held by the financial institutions, which would give companies the possibility to get access to information and people involved in the decision-making process of regulating authorities. Revolving doors can also lead to unfair competition advantage as well as an unfair distribution of influencing power. Economic distortion can be explained through the fact that so-called too-big-to-fail firms generate their power in the market through the mechanism of the revolving door and not through salient choices. This is due to the fact that big companies have more money than smaller ones and can thus allow themselves to hire more revolvers. Another aspect of the revolving door practice is that regulators might be incentive to push for softer regulation in order to gain access later on in the private sector. Vice versa, regulators can also be influenced to demand for stronger stances in policy fields that will benefit the regulator if he aims at a future career in the private sector. Furthermore, revolving doors make it easier for regulatory agencies to find adequate and qualified workers. In practice, banks can gain unlawful advantages by legally and illegally manipulating the different stages of policy-making. They can have an impact on the formulation, adoption and implementation of laws, public policies or regulations in different ways: Firstly, if (former) Members of Parliament have links to private companies, they can have an influence on the adoption of laws and regulations in their favour. Moreover, they may be reluctant to vote on proposals that would harm corporate interests. Secondly, if companies have connections to (former) ministers and their advisors, they may affect the formulation and implementation of policies and regulations in advance or take advantage of non-public information about the regulated industry. This means that the companies can get in advance notice of incoming regulations and that they can be warned of further consequences, negative as well as positive. In most European countries, but also in the US, the use of insider information is punishable by law. In practice, insider trading is most often observed on the stock exchange and also plays a role in revolving doors. Jurisdictions Regulation relating to this phenomenon and the related issues of lobbying and the funding of political parties varies considerably around the world. Here are details for a few sample jurisdictions:- Australia In Australia, this is of significant public debate as many state leaders have become private consultants for corporations. There is no legislation against doing so. In 2015, Port Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory was leased for 99 years to Shandong Landbridge, a Chinese company closely aligned with the Chinese Government's trade policy. The deal was approved by Minister for Trade and Investment Andrew Robb, a member of the governing Liberal Party. In 2016, Robb left politics and accepted a "consultant" position at Shandong Landbridge, with an $880,000 per year salary. In 2019, Robb left the position, shortly before a new "foreign interference" law took effect in Australia. European Union There are different rules applied regarding the institution/agency/body involved. Applying rules The general principle is the following: the Staff Regulation and Article 339 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union apply to all EU officials. However, each institution/body/agency has to adopt its own internal rules and to annually report on this implementation of art. 16 Staff Regulation addressing the revolving doors problem. This Staff Regulation addresses the rights and obligations of officials such as their duty of impartiality and loyalty (art. 11). Therefore, the Appointing authority shall examine if there is no conflict of interest undermining the EU official's independence either when recruiting them or when they come back after a break. Moreover, EU officials must not have any direct or indirect involvement in matters that may impair their independence (art. 11 a). Also, if they are engaging in an outside activity (paid or unpaid) or any assignment during their mandate, EU officials must seek the authorization of the Appointing authority. It shall be refused if it impairs with the EU officials’ duties or the institutions’ interests (art. 12b). Finally, EU official's duties to integrity and discretion continue to stand even after leaving service (art. 16). There is a cooling-off period of two years within which they must notify their intention to engage in a new activity to their institution, aiming at constraining the revolving door problem. Finally, EU officials shall refrain from any unauthorized disclosure of information received in the line of their duty (art. 17). Article 339 TFEU highlights the obligation of professional secrecy, during and after EU officials’ services. European Commission The commissioners are chosen according to their general competence, European commitment and independence "beyond doubts". They are also subject to different duties such as independence, integrity and discretion regarding the acceptance of certain benefits and or appointments during and after their mandate (art. 17 §3 TEU + 245 TFEU). If those duties of integrity and discretion are breached, they may be subject to judicial proceedings leading to the suspension of their pension and/or other rights or to be compulsory retired (art. 245 + 247 TFEU). The Commission has established its own Code of conduct in 1999. It was revised already in 2011 and then "reformed" after the Barroso Case in 2017 (cfr infra). This last version has been applied since the 1st February 2018. The key features concern the declaration of interest, transparency, the cooling off period and the "new" Independent Ethical Committee. First, each commissioner, before being appointed, has to fulfill a declaration of interests which is revised each year and made public. It aims at highlighting financial interests that may give rise to conflicts of interests, any function occupied during the past 10 years, and pointing to affiliation to organisms susceptible to influence the exercise of their public mandate. It may concern spouses and minor children, if needed (art. 3). Those are the main areas of inquiry during the European Parliament's hearings prior to the effective nomination of a commissioner. If such a conflict of interest emerges, there is a procedure that may end by a recusation (art. 4). Second, commissioners can only meet with people registered in the Transparency Register, when those meetings fall within the scope provided by the 2014 Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament and the European Commission (art. 7): "activities concerning the provision of legal and other professional advice are not covered" (point 10). This register is not comprehensive since its material scope does not cover all activities influencing the decions-makingp process, the formulation and implementation of EU law. Therefore, the European Parliament, the Commission and the Council of the EU (for the first time) reached a compromise agreement on a mandatory Transparency Register since 15/12/2020 but still has to be formally adopted. Thirdly, there is a cooling off period of 2 years during which a two months’ notice is required before taking any job/benefits or appointments (art. 11, §2). If the activity is related to the commissioner's previous portfolio or seems to be contrary to art. 245 TFEU, the Independent Ethical Committee must be consulted. However, there is no authorization needed in some cases explicitly addressed in an exhaustive list (art. 11, §3). Moreover, ex-commissioners are barred from performing direct lobbying but only for 2 years (art. 11, §4). If the person concerned was the former president, the cooling-off period has been extended to 3 years (art. 11, §5). Still, there is no cooling period if it concerns public service meaning that the ex-commissioner can take a public service job without any cooling off period (art. 11, §6). Finally, the previous "Ad Hoc Ethical Committee" has been renamed "Independent Ethical Committee". Its members are appointed by the commission on the proposition of the President and their deliberations are confidential while their opinions/final decisions are made public (art. 12). If the commissioners or the president breached their duties and cooling-off period but the material scope does not enter in the application of art. 245 or 247 TFEU, then, the concerned person may be reprimanded, even publicly, by the commission. In accordance with art. 16 of the Staff Regulation, an annual report has to be published, including the work of the committee (art. 13). Also, the president may ask the commissioner to resign (art. 17, §6 TUE). European Parliament In its 2005 Statute for the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), general principles and duties are laid down. Indeed, MEPs should remain free and independent (art. 2), they must not be pressured or exert any binding mandate (art. 3) and "safeguard their independence" (art. 9). The European Parliament has also established its own Code of conduct which has applied since 1 January 2012. Here, the code provides an explicit definition of "conflict of interest" (art. 3). MEPs must also establish a declaration of financial interests (art. 4). Former MEPs’ activities may involve lobbying but must be notified to the European Parliament. Consequently, those MEPs involved in lobbying must not benefit from the facilities granted to others former MEPs (art. 6) such as entering the Parliament's building, using Parliament's restaurants and cafeteria, libraries, documentation centers or car parks. In the same vein of the commission, there is also an Advisory Committee that must, in accordance with article 16 of the Staff Regulation, publish an annual report (art. 7). If there is an alleged breach, the President of the European Parliament refers to the Advisory Committee, which may conduct an audition and then refer back to the President on what can be done. The Member under investigation may give a written opinion to the President and then the President issues a reasoned decision (art. 8). There is an exhaustive list concerning the penalties listed in art. 166§3 to §5 of the Rules of Procedures. Since April 2013, the European Parliament adopted implementing measures of the "Code of Conduct on Gifts received in an official capacity, Invitations to events organised by third parties and Monitoring procedure". Since 31/01/2019, the EP has also amended its Rules of Procedure saying that "rapporteurs, shadow rapporteurs or committee chairs shall, for each report, publish online all scheduled meetings with interest representatives falling under the scope of the Transparency Register If the European Parliament's Code of Conduct seems permissive (e.g. there is any cooling-off period), the Parliament is concerned by the revolving door effect and has used its power over other institutions to prevent them. In some cases, the EP must give its approval for the appointment of the leaders/officials of other European agencies for instance the European Supervisory Authorities. In January 2020 the Parliament stopped an entering revolving door: it has declined to approve the Irish central Banker Gerry Cross from becoming executive director of the European Banking Authority (EBA) because of his lobbying past within the financial lobby group Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME). Critics and developments Former EU Commissioners passing through the revolving door attract much attention, but such situations occur in every EU institution, not only the commission. The European Union is said to have a permissive culture. It has often waved its own rules to allow revolvers to have a job in the institutions or to be employed in the private sector after their term in office. People going through the revolving door bring industry expertise and insight that can be valuable for regulators, it can sometimes be conceptualized as an educational process by researchers working on the topic. The European Union combines very technical domains where such specific knowledge and competences could be valuable. There is a tension between the need for expertise and the resort to the revolving door to obtain this knowledge. However, the EU has been pressured to address the issue more convincingly and to reform its rules sometimes qualified as weak. The code of Conduct of the Commission has been reformed after the Barosso Gate.This can be seen as a progress in regulating the issue but these efforts may be perceived as insufficient. Indeed, the cooling-off period after employment in the Union lasts for 18 months. In contrast, other countries have stricter rules. For instance, former Candadien officials are to wait 5 years after their term to engage in any lobbying activities. The European Parliament has also taken steps to close the entering side of the revolving door when it blocked the nomination of Gerry Cross as executive director of the European Banking Authority. According to a report by Transparency International - EU Office, which analysed the career paths of 485 former Members of the European Parliament and 27 former European Commissioners, the revolving door phenomenon is present at the EU level as well. The report Access All Areas finds that 30% of the 161 MEPs who left politics for other employment were employed by organisations which were registered on the EU Transparency Register at the start of 2017. At the same time, the report found that 15 out of 27 Commissioners who finished their service in 2014 entered employment with organisations on the EU lobby register after the end of their 18-month cooling-off period. The report also notes that the regulatory framework surrounding the revolving door phenomenon in the European Union could be improved by a stronger ethics framework, notably an independent ethics body which would decide which professional activities are subject to a conflict of interest. European cases Goldman Sachs Goldman Sachs the investment bank, is known to use the revolving doors in the USA as well as with former EU officials to gain expertise and/or inside information on EU regulatory matters. There are several examples of revolvers between the European Union and the bank. Peter Sutherland was a Commissioner responsible for Competition Policy between 1985 and 1989. He left the commission to found the World Trade Organization and became its first president during his cool-off period from 1993 to 1995. In July 1995 he became Chairman of Goldman Sachs. Mario Draghi is an Italian politician. He worked in the Italian Treasury but then left to become Vice Chairman and managing director of the Goldman Sachs international division. In this branch he dealt with European corporations and governments. He also led Goldman Sachs's European strategy. Mario Draghi left the bank when he was appointed president of the European Central Bank in 2011. Mario Monti is an Italian economist and politician. He was appointed as commissioner for the Internal Market under the Santer Commission (1995-1999) and for Competition under Romano Prodi (1999-2004). He started serving on the board of international advisers of the bank in 2002 during his term. In November 2011, Mario Monti came back in the public sphere to lead the Italian government formed by technocrats in the sovereign debt crisis. The revolving door that received the most media coverage in Europe is the one concerning José Manuel Barroso. He was president of the European Commission for 2 consecutive terms between 2004 and 2014. He led the commission during the 2008 subprime crisis and helped oversee the financial reforms that followed the economic collapse. In 2016, after his cool-off period former President Barroso announced his move towards the investment bank. He became the non-executive chairman. His hiring was so controversial that the Juncker Commission referred the case to the commission's Ad Hoc Ethic Committee. Other controversies In July 1999, Martin Bangemann the Commissioner for Industrial Affairs was suspended from his duties after his decision to accept a position with Telefónica, Spain largest telephone company. While he was still Commissioner he announced that he wanted to join the Board of directors of Telefónica and that he would resign from the commission.The Commission judged that he should have resigned before negotiating his new functions with his future employer. In 2004, Neelie Kroes was made Commissioner for Competition, in spite of having displayed 25 corporate jobs on her resume. Later on it was found that she also served 7 years as a lobbyist for an arms manufacturer, which she had not disclosed. After her 2 terms as commissioner for Competition and later on for Digital Agenda and her cooling period she applied for a job in the industry she previously regulated. Adam Farkas was executive director of the European Banking Authority. He left his occupation to become head of the Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME), a powerful financial lobby. The European Banking Authority disregarded conflict of interest and let him go without a cooling period. A complaint was lodged to the Ombudsman of the EU and it was concluded that the EBA should not have allowed that move. France A law in the penal code of France governing public officials who move between the public and private sectors requires a three-year wait between working in the government and taking a job in the private sector. Hong Kong In 2008, the appointment of Leung Chin-man as executive director of New World China Land led to much controversy. Leung was previously a senior civil servant and administrative officer in charge of lands. His appointment as an executive director of a subsidiary of a land developer led to allegations of collusion of interests and delayed interests. He resigned after two weeks, and the territory's Legislative Council had, for years, an inquiry into the matter. Japan is the institutionalized practice where Japanese senior bureaucrats retire to high-profile positions in the private and public sectors. The practice was increasingly viewed as corrupt and a drag on unfastening the ties between private sector and state which prevent economic and political reforms. In April 2007, a law to phase out amakudari prohibits ministries from attempting to place bureaucrats in industry with implementation in 2009. However, the law also removed a two-year ban that prevented retiring officials from taking jobs with companies with which they had official dealings during the five years before retirement. Definition The term's literal meaning, "descent from heaven," refers to Shinto myths of gods descending from heaven to earth; the modern usage employs it as a metaphor, where "heaven" refers to the upper echelons of the civil service, the civil servants are the deities, and the earth is the private-sector corporations. In amakudari, senior civil servants retire to join organizations linked with or under the jurisdiction of their ministries or agencies when they reach mandatory retirement age, usually between 50 and 60 in the public service. The former officials may collude with their former colleagues to help their new employers secure government contracts, avoid regulatory inspections and generally secure preferential treatment from the bureaucracy. Amakudari may also be a reward for preferential treatment provided by officials to their new employers during their term in the civil service. Some government organisations are said to be expressly maintained for the purpose of hiring retiring bureaucrats and paying them high salaries at taxpayers' expense. In the strictest meaning of amakudari, bureaucrats retire into private companies. In other forms bureaucrats move into government corporations (横滑り yokosuberi, ), are granted successive public and private sector appointments (渡り鳥 wataridori, ) or may become politicians, including becoming members of parliament (政界転身 seikai tenshin). Political scientists have identified amakudari as a central feature of Japan's political and economic structure. The practice is thought to bind private and public sector in a tight embrace and prevent political and economic change. History Amakudari is widespread in many branches of the Japanese government but is subject to government efforts to regulate the practice. Pressure to reduce amakudari retirement to corporations may be leading to an increase in bureaucrats retiring to other public sector organisations instead. Amakudari was a minor issue before World War II since government officials could be outplaced to a large number of industrial organization that were nationalized. However, reforms during the Occupation of Japan eliminated most of these nationalized organizations resulting in a need to outplace individuals to the private sector. Such outplacement is inevitable in a personnel system where traditional Confucian values prevent one who entered the organization at the same time as another to become his subordinate A 1990 study suggested that amakudari retirements to large companies by bureaucrats from prominent ministries, such as the Ministry of Finance, had peaked in 1985 but that the practice was on the increase by bureaucrats from other types of government organisations such as the National Tax Agency. As a result, the percentage of former bureaucrats on the boards of private-sector listed companies had remained stable at 2%. A series of scandals in the mid-1990s focused the media spotlight on amakudari. In the 1994 general contracting (zenekon) scandal, corruption was uncovered among bureaucrats associated with building contractors, leading to the jailing of high-ranking politician Shin Kanemaru for tax evasion. In the mortgage scandal of 1996, Japanese housing lenders went on a lending spree and racked up bad debts worth 6 trillion yen ($65.7 billion) sparking a financial crisis. The industry was supposed to be regulated by the Ministry of Finance, but the presence of its former officials in top jobs at the lenders is thought to have deflected oversight. It wasn't until the next decade that Japanese prime ministers responded with policies to limit amakudari, although it is unclear whether these policies are having any effect. In July 2002, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi ordered that strict amakudari be ended, because of its association with corruption between business and politics. Koizumi's successor, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe enacted new rules as part of a policy pledge to completely eradicate amakudari in 2007, but his reforms were criticised as toothless (see below) and a campaign ploy for Upper House elections in July 2007. While policy has focused on limiting amakudari to private companies, the number of bureaucrats retiring to jobs at other government organisations (yokosuberi or "sideslip") has surged reaching 27,882 appointments in 2006 up 5,789 on the previous year. These organisations, numbering 4,576, received 98 percent of the expenses for state projects without being subject to the bidding processes faced by private companies. Over 50 years ending in 2010, 68 high-level government bureaucrats have taken jobs with electricity suppliers after retirement from their government positions. In 2011, 13 retired government bureaucrats were employed in senior positions in Japanese electric utilities. Legal status Amakudari is subject to rules which were revised in April 2007 in response to corruption scandals. Under the new rules, ministries are instructed to slowly stop helping bureaucrats land new jobs over three years starting in 2009. Instead, a job center to be set up by the end of 2008 would take on the role, and government agencies and ministries will be prohibited from brokering new jobs for retirees. However, the law removed a two-year ban that prevented retiring officials from taking jobs with companies with which they had official dealings during the five years before retirement, which may increase amakudari. It also left considerable loopholes, including not placing restrictions on watari in which retired bureaucrats move from one organization to another. Bureaucrats could retire to a job at another government agency, and then switch jobs to a private company later. Critics say that the government could better prevent Amakudari by raising the retirement age for bureaucrats above 50. In October 2006, 339 public entities were violating the guidelines concerning amakudari, a figure 38 times higher than the number for the previous year. This declined to 166 by July 2007. Impact As well as scandals, the effects of amakudari have been documented by a sizable body of research. Some studies find that amakudari promotes more risky business activities. A 2001 study found that banks with amakudari employees were found to behave less prudently the more retired civil servants they employed (measured by the capital-asset ratio, an indicator of the prudential behaviour of banks). Many studies find that companies with amakudari employees are subjected to less oversight by public agencies. Around 70 percent of public contracts awarded to organisations that employed hired retired bureaucrats through amakudari were given without a bidding process in 2005. The contracts were worth a total 233 billion yen. By contrast 18 percent of private companies that didn't have ex-bureaucrats on the payroll got contracts without bidding. New Zealand There is no major legislation against revolving door practices in New Zealand, but some ad hoc provisions exist in relation to certain industries. For example, a scandal in which MP Taito Phillip Field was jailed for corruption in relation to improper use of his government position to benefit from helping people with immigration applications was influential in the creation of a restraint of trade clause in the Immigration Advisers Licensing Act 2007. The Act prohibits Ministers of Immigration, Associate Ministers of Immigration and immigration officials from becoming a licensed immigration adviser for one year after leaving government employment. There is also no cooling off period for public officials before they can enter the lobbying industry in New Zealand, allowing politicians and Parliamentary staffers to immediately become lobbyists after leaving office. Kris Faafoi joined a lobbying firm just three months after leaving Parliament, where he had been justice and broadcasting minister. Gordon-Jon Thompson took a leave of absence from his lobbying firm to work as chief of staff to Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern for four months before returning to his lobbying firm. Transparency International (TI) criticized the lack of oversight in the New Zealand lobbying industry in a November 2022 report as lax. United Kingdom The movement of senior civil servants and government ministers into business roles is overseen by the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments (ACOBA), but it is not a statutory body and has only advisory powers. The Channel Four Dispatches programme 'Cabs for Hire', broadcast in early 2010, which showed several sitting members of Parliament and former ministers offering their influence and contacts in an effort to get lobbying jobs, has generated renewed concern about this issue. A Transparency International UK report on the subject, published in May 2011, called for ACOBA to be replaced by a statutory body with greater powers to regulate the post-public employment of former ministers and crown servants. It also argued that the committee should be more representative of society. United States "Under current law, government officials who make contracting decisions must either wait a year before joining a military contractor or, if they want to switch immediately, must start in an affiliate or division unrelated to their government work. One big loophole is that these restrictions do not apply to many high-level policy makers..., who can join corporations or their boards without waiting." According to recent scholars, :There are two main views regarding the importance of former government employees in the lobbying industry. The first view contends that revolving door lobbyists are valuable because "Washington is all about connections.” In this view, experience in government allows former officials to develop a network of friends and colleagues that they can later exploit on behalf of their clients....A second view, often put forward by lobbyists themselves, is that the importance of individuals with prior government experience is due to higher innate ability and/or human capital accumulation. The higher expertise of revolving door individuals can refer to policy matters, the inner workings of the legislative process, or even the preferences of particular constituencies. Examples of individuals who have moved between roles in this way in sensitive areas include Dick Cheney (military contracting), Linda Fisher (pesticide and biotech), Philip Perry (homeland security), Pat Toomey, Billy Tauzin (pharmaceutical industry), Dan Coats, John C. Dugan, a Department of the Treasury official in the administration of President George H. W. Bush who pressed for banking deregulation and repeal of Glass-Steagall Act, then as counsel to the American Bankers Association lobbied for the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 repealing key provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act, and then starting in 2005 returned in a senior government role as Comptroller of the Currency, and former FCC commissioner Meredith Attwell Baker (media lobbying). High-profile Democratic Representative Dick Gephardt left office to become a lobbyist and his lobbying agency, Gephardt Government Affairs Group, earned close to $7 million in revenues in 2010 from clients including Goldman Sachs, Boeing, Visa Inc., Ameren Corporation, and Waste Management Inc. Securities and Exchange Commission Many former commissioners of the Securities and Exchange Commission and SEC employees have also been employed by private firms in the industry they once regulated. Former chairman Jay Clayton currently serves on the board of Apollo Global Management as the lead independent director. Citadel Securities has employed numerous former SEC employees, including Stephen Luparello as its general counsel and adviser, Ryan VanGrack as its deputy chief legal officer, David Glocker as its Chief Compliance Officer, and Gregg Berman as Director of Research. As of 2021, Robinhood Markets employed former Commissioner Daniel M. Gallagher as Chief Legal Officer, former chief of staff to the chairman Lucas Moskowitz as deputy general counsel, and staff attorneys Justin Daly and Benjamin Brown as lobbyists. Major financial institutions also hire former SEC attorneys as lead counsel, including Stephen M. Cutler at JPMorgan Chase, Gary Lynch at Bank of America, and Richard Walker at Deutsche Bank. Link to the subprime mortgage crisis The subprime crisis erupted in 2007 after several years of unsafe lending and speculation by US banks. In order to revive their economy and real estate loans banks began to grant loans to households that did not meet credit score criteria. Subprime loans are a type of mortgage offered to individuals who do not qualify for traditional loans due to poor credit ratings and therefore pay larger interests rates in order to compensate for the extra risk taken by the lender. The crisis occurred in 2008, property prices eventually collapsed whilst the aforementioned interest rates rose. Households had reached their maximum debt capacity, thus defaulting on their loans and further increasing their debts. As a result, real estate assets were seized, which exacerbated the fall in the housing market. This, in turn, led to a fall in investor and institutional confidence and a collapse of the stock market, ultimately developing into a global economic crisis. The revolving doors were significantly prevalent in the financial sector and were cited by the OECD and some non-governmental organisations as one of the main causes of the 2008 financial crisis. This crisis was preceded by the US financial sector entering more and more into cooperation with federal regulators agencies. Through the process of the revolving doors not only Wall Street veterans occupied key positions in Washington, but it also fostered the development of strong personal connections between senior bankers and high government officials, which gave the so-called "too-big-to-fail" banks, privileged access to decisions-makers and contributed to promoting the Wall Street worldview in the political world. They were finally able to persuade the policymakers that the deregulation of the financial sector was in the public interest and did not only serve their self-interest. It is striking that a particularly large number of revolving door movements took place in 2007 and 2008. Figures show that mainly public-to-private movements, that is to say, the transition from politics to the private sector, were completed. See also E-governance Interlocking directorate Militaryindustrial complex Goldman Sachs' revolving door Pantouflage Jeon-gwan ye-u Government-business relations in Japan Regulatory capture Explanatory notes References Further reading Blanes i Vidal, Jordi, Mirko Draca, and Christian Fons-Rosen. "Revolving door lobbyists." American Economic Review 102.7 (2012): 3731-3748. online Brezis, Elise; Cariolle, Joël. "The Revolving Door, State Connections, and Inequality of Influence in the Financial Sector". Journal of Institutional Economics (2019) 1–20. Colignon, Richard A., and Chikako Usui. Amakudari: The hidden fabric of Japan's economy (Cornell University Press, 2003) online; also see online book review De Graaff, Nana, and Bastiaan Van Apeldoorn, "The transnationalist US foreign‐policy elite in exile? A comparative network analysis of the Trump administration." Global Networks 21.2 (2021): 238-264, online Hong, Sounman, and Jeehun Lim. "Capture and the Bureaucratic Mafia: Does the Revolving Door Erode Bureaucratic Integrity?" Public Choice 166, no. 1/2, 2016, pp. 69–86. online LaPira, Timothy M., and Herschel F. Thomas. "Revolving door lobbyists and interest representation." Interest Groups & Advocacy 3 (2014): 4-29. online Lucca, David; Seru, Amit; Trebbi, Francesco (2014). "The Revolving Door and Worker Flows in Banking Regulation". Journal of Monetary Economics 65(C): 17–32. doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2014.05.005. hdl:10419/120841. Seabrooke, Leonard, and Eleni Tsingou. "Revolving doors in international financial governance." Global Networks 21.2 (2021): 294-319. online Shepherd, Michael E., and Hye Young You. "Exit strategy: career concerns and revolving doors in Congress." American Political Science Review 114.1 (2020): 270-284. online Strickland, James M. "The Declining Value of Revolving‐Door Lobbyists: Evidence from the American States." American Journal of Political Science 64.1 (2020): 67-81. online External links Revolving Door database at Opensecrets.org – searchable database Revolving Doors in the UK Defence Industry UNICORN article - www.againstcorruption.org/ Revolving door between the US Government and Industry Government officials who now work at IFPMA, PhRMA, or law firms and lobbying firms that represent the pharmaceutical industry Revolving Door at Project on Government Oversight Revolving Door Congress Members data from First Street Video Dispatches - Politicians for Hire - Channel 4 - Dispatches documentary on lobbying in the UK Political science terminology Political science theories Lobbying Public choice theory Political corruption Ethically disputed political practices Conflict of interest Metaphors referring to objects Economy of Japan Government of Japan Political scandals in Japan Politics of Japan
Margaret D. Stock (born 1961) is an American politician, immigration attorney, and retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army Reserve. She is a recognized expert on immigration law as it applies to U.S. military personnel and veterans. Stock is a 2013 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship. She has taught law at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York. She ran for the United States Senate as an Independent candidate in the 2016 Senate election in Alaska. Early life and education Stock was born in Boston in 1961 and grew up in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She was the fourth of nine children. When she was six years old, her father had the first of several heart attacks, and he died when she was 15. The family was in crisis, and she spent time in a homeless shelter and a foster home. While in high school, she got involved the Civil Air Patrol but she dropped out of high school before graduating. A high school guidance counselor helped her gain admission to Boston University, where she enlisted in the Reserve Officer Training Corps. She completed paratrooper training at Fort Benning, Georgia, and later transferred to Harvard. Stock earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in government from Radcliffe College in 1985, a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1992, a Master of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government in 2001, and a Master of Science in strategic studies from the U.S. Army War College in 2006. Career Stock led the development of three programs pertaining to immigration issues within the US military. The Military Accessions Vital to National Interest (MAVNI) program, started in 2008, in cooperation with the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security, helped the U.S. Armed Forces to attract and retain foreign nationals with language, medical, and other skills critical to military readiness and national security. She spearheaded the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) MAP program, "which pairs volunteer attorneys across the United States" with military families in need of their services. She also helped start the naturalization at Basic Combat Training program. Stock has also spent many years teaching. From 2001 to 2010, she worked as a professor at the United States Military Academy at West Point first in the Department of Law, then in the Department of Social Sciences. She also taught at the University of Alaska Anchorage in the political science department for two years. She is a former member of the Federalist Society. 2016 Senate campaign In 2016, Stock ran as an independent against Republican U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski. Her candidacy received the support of former Senator Mark Begich, a Democrat. Stock came in third with 13.2% of the total vote, approximately 5,000 more votes than Democratic nominee Ray Metcalfe. Recognition The Washington Times called her "the foremost authority on military veterans facing deportation." Stock has testified regularly before Congress on issues involving immigration and national security. Awards 2013 – MacArthur Fellowship by John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation 2009 – Joint Service Commendation Medal by United States Armed Forces 2008 – Michael Maggio Pro Bono Award by American Immigration Lawyers Association 2005 – Advocacy Award by American Immigration Lawyers Association Bibliography What Every Lawyer Needs to Know about Non-Citizens & the United States Military, in What Every Lawyer Needs to Know About Immigration Law, American Bar Association, Section of Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice (2014) (book chapter). AILA's Guide to U.S. Citizenship & Naturalization Law, American Immigration Lawyers Association, 2014, at 153–182 (book chapter). Immigration Law and the Military (American Immigration Lawyers Association 2012) (book). Professionals: A Matter of Degree (5th Ed.) (co-authored with Martin J. Lawler) (AILA 2009). The Role of Immigration in A Coordinated National Security Policy, 21 Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 383 (2007) (co-authored with Donald Kerwin). References External links Margaret Stock campaign website Washington Post interview – "MacArthur fellow Margaret Stock: The public ‘doesn't understand' illegal immigration" 1961 births Alaska lawyers American women lawyers Harvard Law School alumni Immigration lawyers Harvard Kennedy School alumni Lawyers from Boston Living people MacArthur Fellows Military personnel from Massachusetts Lawyers from Anchorage, Alaska People from Wellesley, Massachusetts United States Army officers United States Army reservists United States Military Academy faculty Women in the United States Army Candidates in the 2016 United States Senate elections 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians Radcliffe College alumni Military personnel from Anchorage, Alaska American women academics
Firefly, formerly named PC GAMESS, is an ab initio computational chemistry program for Intel-compatible x86, x86-64 processors based on GAMESS (US) sources. However, it has been mostly rewritten (60-70% of the code), especially in platform-specific parts (memory allocation, disk input/output, network), mathematic functions (e.g., matrix operations), and quantum chemistry methods (such as Hartree–Fock method, Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, and density functional theory). Thus, it is significantly faster than the original GAMESS. The main maintainer of the program was Alex Granovsky. Since October 2008, the project is no longer associated with GAMESS (US) and the Firefly rename occurred. Until October 17, 2009, both names could be used, but thereafter, the package should be referred to as Firefly exclusively. History On December 4, 2009, the support of any PC GAMESS versions earlier than the first PC GAMESS Firefly version 7.1.C was abandoned, and any and all licenses to use the code were revoked. Thus, users of the outdated PC GAMESS binaries (version 7.1.B and all earlier releases) were required to discontinue using the PC GAMESS and upgrade to Firefly. On July 25, 2012, a state of the art edition of Firefly, version 8.0.0 RC, was launched for public beta testing. A relative comparison has shown that it is far faster and more reliable than the prior edition, Firefly 7.1.G. Many changes were made to enhance its abilities. In the Quantum Chemistry Speed Test, Firefly's DFT code came second (losing only to commercial QChem), beating other free DFT codes by a large margin. Firefly's unique capabilities include XMCQDPT2, a reformulation of Nakano's multi-state multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (MCQDPT) correcting for some of its deficiencies. At the end of 2019, Firefly's main developer A. A. Granovsky unexpectedly died but the project continues. See also GAMESS (US) GAMESS (UK) Quantum chemistry computer programs References External links PC GAMESS SCF Benchmark Computational chemistry software
Hal Mason may refer to: Hal Mason, character in Falling Skies Hal Mason, character in Sensation Comics Hal Mason, character in Sons and Daughters (Australian TV series) See also Henry Mason (disambiguation) Harold Mason (disambiguation) Harry Mason (disambiguation)
Alpha Rho Chi () is an American professional co-educational college fraternity for students studying architecture and related professions. The fraternity's name is derived from the first three letters of the Greek word for architecture, ἀρχιτεκτονική. History Founding APX was founded on April 11, 1914, with the merger of Sigma Upsilon (local) at the University of Michigan and the Arcus Society (local) at the University of Illinois to form a national fraternity for Architecture and the allied arts. Sigma Upsilon (local) had been founded four years prior by eight architecture students at Michigan, with the intent of eventually forming a national architecture fraternity, and had drafted their constitution and laws to reflect that. Two years after they were founded in 1912. they were recognized by their school as a fraternity and started negotiations with other schools to open up more chapters. In 1911, the Arcus Society (local) was formed by fifteen architecture students as a secret society; it became public a year later. After recognition by their school, the Arcus Society started correspondence with several other schools to expand. One of those schools was the University of Michigan, which started the collaboration of the two founding brothers of , Leo M. Bauer of the Arcus Society and Chandler C. Cohagen of Sigma Upsilon. According to fraternity history books, the Anthemios chapter at the University of Illinois claims to be the first chapter of the new fraternity. This was achieved by setting the meeting for the fraternity's organization and merger while Illinois was on break and Michigan was still holding classes. Iktinos at Michigan also claims to be the first chapter as their precursor organization existed before the society in Illinois. Both the Iktinos and Anthemios chapters are considered the founding chapters and share the same cadency mark. Bauer and Cohagen met on , at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago, where they selected the name for the combined organization, the new constitution and by-laws, and the coat of arms. The brothers decided to keep the colors azure and sanguine, from the Arcus Society, and the white rose, a symbol of Sigma Upsilon. They also selected the chapter names from a list of prominent Greek and Roman architects; Egyptian architects were added at a later date. Illinois selected Anthemios as their name, and Michigan selectedIktinos. Expansion to World War I Alpha Rho Chi set expansion and becoming a national architecture fraternity as their first goal. Several existing architecture organizations petitioned to join, but only Tau Epsilon Chi of Ohio State University was accepted, being installed as the Demetrios chapter on February 25, 1916. The Cyma Club became the Mnesicles chapter at the University of Minnesota on October 10, 1916. Recruiting efforts slowed with the start of World War I because most of the brothers entered the armed services. Great Depression and World War II After the war, the Kallikrates chapter was installed at the University of Virginia on February 15, 1922. The Andronicus chapter was installed a month later, on March 11, 1922, with eleven charter members at the University of Southern California. Expansion continued at a rapid pace with the addition of members at Kansas State University, which formed the Paeonios chapter on February 10, 1923. Ten members of the Delta Club at the University of Texas at Austin were initiated on April 19, 1924, to form the Dinocrates chapter. The Polyklitos chapter at Carnegie Tech (now Carnegie-Mellon University) was established on May 24, 1924. With the addition of the Theron chapter at Oklahoma A&M (now Oklahoma State University) on May 23, 1926, the fraternity stood at ten active chapters and was truly national in stature. The Great Depression and World War II affected the strength of the local chapters, and several failed to survive. Only six chapters returned–Anthemios, Iktinos, Demetrios, Mnesicles, Andronicus, and Kallikrates–with strong alumni support and renewed membership. In 1954, the Vitruvius colony was established at Pennsylvania State University and was installed as a chapter on March 27, 1955. Post-war and further expansion Next to be installed was a group from Arizona State University, which became the Satyros chapter on May 13, 1962. Two representatives from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) were initiated at the 31st National Convention; in turn, they assisted with the installation of the Metagenes chapter on March 23, 1969. With the addition of the Xenocles chapter at the University of Texas at Arlington on September 13, 1970, Alpha Rho Chi returned to its former high point of ten active chapters. During the early 1970s, fraternity membership, in general, dropped as controversy raged on college campuses over the Vietnam War and any "establishment" organization. Alpha Rho Chi continued, installing the Cleisthenes chapter at the University of Houston on March 11, 1972. In the 1980s, college fraternities enjoyed a renaissance and Alpha Rho Chi added four new chapters. In June 1980, the Daedalus chapter was founded at the California Polytechnic State University to become the fraternity's second West Coast chapter. After an initiation night at the Anthemios chapter house, the Daphnis chapter of the University of Arkansas was installed on November 23, 1980. The Heracleides chapter of the University of Oklahoma was installed before a Texas-style bar-b-que at Xenocles chapter on September 6, 1981. After collecting the required ten members for initiation, the Rhoecus chapter was installed at the University of Kansas on April 8, 1984. The Apollodorus colony was bussed for thirteen hours from the University of Florida to Metagenes chapter; they were officially installed as a chapter on April 10, 1986, in Gainesville, Florida. On March 29, 1992, Alpha Rho Chi installed the Pytheos chapter at the University of Nebraska. The Seshait chapter at Florida A&M University was installed on March 12, 1994, becoming the first chapter with an Egyptian namesake. New Millennium The co-op program at the University of Cincinnati created a unique installation for the Rabirius chapter, whose members were initiated in two separate ceremonies; one held in Cincinnati on November 4, 2000, and the other on January 20, 2001. In September 2001, a professor began a correspondence with the fraternity in hopes of establishing a chapter at the University of Memphis. Up to this point, Alpha Rho Chi had limited expansion to accredited schools of architecture; however, after revisiting the fraternity's original objectives and mission, it was determined that there was no reason to exclude the University of Memphis. On October 19, 2002, the Imhotep chapter was installed in Champaign, Illinois. Improved communications, including a website and email access, helped interested architecture students discover and contact the national fraternity, accelerating the pace of the expansion of new and reactivated chapters. Nicon chapter was established at Florida International University on July 11, 2004. In the Northeast, the Vitruvius chapter sponsored two new chapters simultaneously. Vitruvius installed the Domitian chapter at the New Jersey Institute of Technology on January 30, 2005, and the Senenmut chapter at the University at Buffalo on February 26, 2005. A colony at Tulane University was preparing its petition to establish a chapter when Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, closing the school for a semester and scattering the students across the country. After regrouping, the Hadrian chapter was finally installed on November 4, 2006. Students at the California College of the Arts in San Francisco formed the Cossutius colony, and were installed at the Andronicus chapter house on January 20, 2008. Representatives from Andronicus, Daedalus, Satyros, Anthemios, Hadrian, and Vitruvius chapters were on hand to usher in the newest chapter. Recent history The Anthemios Alumni Association held a centennial celebration beginning in 2014. In 2014, the Olynthius chapter was installed at the University of Maryland. In the spring of 2017, Alpha Rho Chi welcomed two new chapters; the Theodorus chapter was established at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville in February and was followed by the Amenophis chapter at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale in April. On February 1, 2020, the inactive Demetrios chapter was revived and installed at the Ohio State University. Skopas chapter at Syracuse University is the most recent addition. Chapter Houses The Anthemios chapter house at the University of Illinois is on the National Register of Historic Places. It has eighteen bedrooms, most of which used to be double occupancy. Currently, only rooms 5–7, 16, and 17 are double occupancy. Keeping up with the progressive era, the Anthemios house changed to coed bathrooms in the late 2000s due to the influx of female brothers. The Andronicus chapter house is listed as a Historic Cultural Monuments by the City of Los Angeles and is awaiting placement on the Federal Register of Historic Structures. Medals The Alpha Rho Chi Bronze Medal is awarded annually at accredited schools of architecture in the United States and Canada to honor graduating seniors who have demonstrated leadership, service, and the promise of professional merit. The recipients of the medal are decided by the faculty of each school. Membership in the fraternity is not a criterion for the award, nor is membership conferred to the medal's recipients. The medal program was established in 1931. Designed by sculptor Robert Merrell Gage, the medal is cast in bronze and features an image of a seated Athena holding a skyscraper. On occasion, Alpha Rho Chi recognizes other individuals with two other classes of medals. The fraternity awards the Alpha Rho Chi Silver Medal for fraternal service. The Gold Alpha Rho Chi Medal honors an outstanding practitioner of architecture or an allied art. Recent recipients of the gold medal include I.M. Pei and Samuel Balen. Master Architects Master Architect is a special classification of fraternity membership to honor brothers who have gained national prominence in the field of architecture and the allied arts, or who have made significant contributions to the built environment. The following individuals have been installed as Master Architects (with year honored): Nathan Clifford Ricker (1914) Cass Gilbert (1924) Eliel Saarinen (1942) John Wellborn Root Jr. (1951) Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1966) Richard Buckminster Fuller (1970) I.M. Pei (1981), the only Master Architect who is not to be a fraternity member Robert Ivy (2010) Chapters Chapters take their names from architects of ancient Egypt, Greece, or Rome. Active chapters are in bold; inactive chapter are in italic''. Notes See also Professional fraternities and sororities References Student organizations established in 1914 Professional fraternities and sororities in the United States Professional Fraternity Association 1914 establishments in Illinois
The Four Year Undergraduate Programme Row or FYUP Row involved a series of protests by local students and teachers against the implementation of certain controversial reforms and education policies at the University of Delhi. The protests intensified between 2013 and 2014, when a new four-year undergraduate programme was started by the administrative authorities at the university. In June 2014, following the change of power in the central government from the Congress-led UPA to the BJP-led NDA government, the University Grants Commission (UGC) had sent a legal notice to the management, directing the university to immediately scrap the four-year programme and revert to the earlier three-year undergraduate degree, as it had claimed that it found the four-year programme to be in violation with the National Policy of Education in India. However, it was reported that a panel in the UGC had once again recommended the programme during the current NDA government regime led by the BJP in 2019. In July 2020, the BJP government announced a new National Educational Policy underlining a four-year undergraduate structure with a choice-based credit system. The policy has been criticised by academics once again. Stand-off between Delhi University and the UGC The BJP government's Smriti Irani was the one to have earlier enabled the move to undo the Congress government's FYUP syllabus back in 2014 immediately after she came to power as the then Education Minister. Proponents of the FYUP programme and some other members of the academic fraternity had felt that the UGC's directive to the university to revert to the old structure was a step against its autonomy. One of these proponents of the FYUP who opposed the Irani-led rollback also included BB Bhattacharya, the former vice chancellor of the Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi. The initial proposal for the FYUP had been initiated by the then Congress government's Education Ministry led by Kapil Sibal. The Kapil Sibal–initiated reforms were seen as a move to privatise a public university, as part of the previous Congress-led UPA government's agenda to enable foreign universities to set up campuses in India. They instead stressed upon the need for greater public policy and regulation in the education system. The FYUP The programme was structured such that it would be inter-disciplinary, which was not the case in the traditional honours programme. It also provided multiple exit points, which meant students could withdraw from the programme mid-way as well, with a lower diploma or other kind of certificate, after the first or second or third year of the course. The three-year honours programme is discipline-specific, offering a full specialisation in any one academic area from the arts or sciences or commerce stream. The syllabus of the four-year undergraduate programme, on the other hand, consisted of eleven compulsory foundation courses including language, literature and creativity, information technology, business, entrepreneurship and management, science and life, history of science (for visually impaired students), Indian history and culture, building mathematical ability and awareness (for visually impaired students), governance and citizenship, philosophy, psychology, communication and life skills, geographic and socio-economic diversity, environment and public health, and an applied language course (in English, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Sanskrit or Urdu). According to updates and sources on the university website, these foundation courses were designed with the intention of addressing issues related to economic development, energy, water, urbanisation, rural culture, infrastructure, transport, sanitation, environment, public health, food security, agriculture, education, literacy, ethics, and social justice. The methodology of teaching was meant to inculcate a participatory ethos, with a minimised pressure on reading, and a greater emphasis on presentation skills. Over and above the foundation course were the applied language courses and the "Discipline (DC) I" and "Discipline (DC) II" courses that would pertain to a student's choice of major and minor specialisations respectively. There were also a set of vocational courses, and finally a course on the "integration of mind, body, and heart", which was to be based on Gandhian philosophy. Media Coverage The Times of India maintained a balanced coverage on the protests and initially interviewed members of the student-teacher community as well as later the administrative staff, without taking any stand of its own. The Hindu newspaper and The Hindustan Times opposed the reforms but also criticised the UGC for interfering with the autonomy of the university after the Smriti Irani–led ministry ordered a rollback. References Delhi University Education in Delhi
The Wasserbergfirst (2,341 m) is a mountain of the Schwyz Alps, located south of Muotathal in the canton of Schwyz. It lies on the range between the Hürital and the Bisistal, north of the Schächentaler Windgällen. References External links Wasserbergfirst on Hikr Mountains of Switzerland Mountains of the Alps Mountains of the canton of Schwyz
The Molde Archipelago () is a chain of about 50 tree-clad islands and islets, about south the town of Molde in Molde Municipality, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The islands lie across the Moldefjorden from the town of Molde. The archipelago is public, protected land, and a recreational resort. The main island, Hjertøya, hosts the Museum of Fisheries, a collection of maritime culture from the 17th-19th centuries, and is serviced by water taxi from Molde. Access to the islands is free and unrestricted, but in compliance with the guidelines from Molde's municipal park and environmental department. References Archipelagoes of the Atlantic Ocean Islands of Møre og Romsdal Molde Archipelagoes of Norway
The , signed as Route 2, is one of the routes of the Hanshin Expressway system serving the Keihanshin area in Kansai, Japan. It travels in a west to east direction in Konohana-ku, Osaka, from the Bayshore Route, near Universal Studios Japan to the Kobe Route, with a total length of . See also References External links Roads in Osaka Prefecture 2 1994 establishments in Japan
Winson may refer to: Winson Engineering, British manufacturer of narrow gauge and miniature railway steam locomotives and rolling stock during the 1990s Winson (cyclecar) Winson, Gloucestershire, village in England Winson Hudson (1916–2004), civil rights activist born and raised in Harmony, Mississippi See also Winson Green, loosely defined inner-city area in the west of the city of Birmingham, England
Marguerite is a 2017 Canadian short drama film, written and directed by Marianne Farley. The film stars Béatrice Picard and Sandrine Bisson. The film premiered at the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival on 12 November 2017. In 2018, it screened at both LGBT and general film festivals. It was one of 12 short films selected for screening on Ici TOU.TV in conjunction with the 2018 Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma film festival. Plot An elderly woman confronts her own long-repressed romantic feelings for another woman after learning that her home care nurse is a lesbian. Cast Béatrice Picard as Marguerite Sandrine Bisson as Rachel Awards Marguerite won numerous film festival awards, including Best Actress (International) for Béatrice Picard at Short Shorts Film Festival & Asia (Japan), Best Short Film at QFilms Long Beach, Best Short Film at TWIST: Seattle Queer Film Festival, Best Short Film Female at FilmOut San Diego, Best Women's Short Audience Award at Wicked Queer (Boston), and the Live Action Short Grand Prize at Academy Award-qualifying Rhode Island International Film Festival. It received an Oscar nomination for Best Live Action Short Film at the 91st Academy Awards. See also List of LGBT-related films directed by women References External links Marguerite at H264 Distribution 2017 films 2017 LGBT-related films Canadian LGBT-related short films Lesbian-related films LGBT-related drama films Quebec films Films shot in Quebec 2017 drama films 2017 short films French-language Canadian films Canadian drama short films 2010s Canadian films
Dwarka is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Devbhoomi Dwarka district. List of segments The assembly seat represents the segments of Kalyanpur Taluka and Okhamandal Taluka. Members of Legislative Assembly 1962 - Haridas Jamnadas Kanani, Indian National Congress 1967 - K G Raichura, Indian National Congress 1972 - Goriya Markhi Jethabhai, Indian National Congress (Indira) 1975 - Goriya Markhi Jethabhai, Indian National Congress (Indira) 1980 - Trivedi Lilaben Gaurishankar, Indian National Congress (Indira) 1985 - Pabari Jamnadas Gokaldas, Independent 1988 - (By-elections) - V R Nathabhai, Indian National Congress 1990 - Pabubha Manek, Independent 1995 - Pabubha Manek, Independent 1998 - Pabubha Manek, Independent 2002 - Pabubha Manek, Indian National Congress 2007 - Pabubha Manek, Bharatiya Janata Party 2012 - Pabubha Manek, Bharatiya Janata Party Election results 2022 2017 2012 See also List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly Devbhoomi Dwarka district References External links Assembly constituencies of Gujarat Devbhoomi Dwarka district
Sara Garden Armstrong is an American artist who lives and works in New York City. Armstrong creates sculptures, paintings, drawings (from miniature to wall size), artist's books, multimedia artworks involving computers sound and light, and constructs permanent installations in atrium spaces. Armstrong received her Master of Fine Arts from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and her Master of Art Education from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Armstrong also studied art at New York University and with the University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario in Yeovil, England while attending UAB. She was an educator for several years at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, later she moved to New York City in 1981. Armstrong's early period with the exploration of sound had exhibitions at the Visual Arts Gallery at UAB and the Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama. Her first exhibition in New York City was at PS1 in 1982, "'the Sound Corridor'" curated by William Hellermen. This installation began her multimedia series of work entitled "'Airplayer'" which ended in 1992 at the CB's 313 Gallery and Bar (next door to CBGB) on the Bowery with "'Airplayer XIV'" – both installations utilized mechanisms for movement and sound. Armstrong's work has been published extensively. Among the publications are Southern Accents, "'The New Yorker,'" "'The New York Art World,'" "'Birmingham Magazine,'" "'Port Folio Weekly,'" "'Seattle Post-Intelligencer'" and "'The New York Times'". Work 1991 Airplayer XIII, Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, NY In 1992, Armstrong was invited to be part of “'At the intersection of cinema & books: photographic & digital installations'” curated by Emily Hartzell for Granary Books Gallery. In 1995 The Book and Beyond, curated by Douglas Dodd, National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England In 1996 Stiftung für Konkrete Kunst, Reutlingen, Germany In 1998 Art and Technology, Bellevue Art Museum, WA In 1999, "'Marking Time, Large Scale Drawing, Sara Garden Armstrong,'" was covered extensively. Among the various revues were The New Yorker, The New York Art World, M and Internet ArtResources. This exhibition was curated by Grady T. Turner and included a catalogue. Alabama School of Fine Arts – Littoral series, 2002 2002 Space One Eleven, Birmingham, AL 2003 – 2010 Lucky Draw, SculptureCenter, New York, NY In 2004, David Moos curated Armstrong's work into "'Contemporary American Art,'" at the United States Embassy in Prague," Prague, The Czech Republic In 2006, Armstrong's work was part of "Contour: The Definitive Line" curated by Jon Coffelt. One of 17 artists who were asked to define the concept of contour, the exhibit was the culmination of this subjective approach. This exhibition also included "Clayton Colvin, Travis Childers, Lee Isaacs and Sean Slemon. James Nelson comments on Armstrong's work in The Birmingham News on June 18, 2006. In 2008, Armstrong was selected and curated by Miranda McClintic for 41 Park' "Sara Garden Armstrong: distant views: works on paper." There was a catalogue included with this exhibition In 2009 Armstrong's work was chosen to be part of the exhibition "Anthropology: Revisited, Reinvented, Reinterpreted" along with the work of Lee Isaacs, Karen Graffeo, Janice Kluge, Pinky Bass, Mona Hatoum, Beatrice Coron. The exhibition was curated by Jon Coffelt and Maddy Rosenberg for Central Booking in Brooklyn, NY. John Davis Gallery, 2009 In 2010 Armstrong was selected to be part of "'A Reader's Art,'" curated by Jon Coffelt for Susan Hensel Gallery in Minneapolis, MN. This was a 10-year survey of artist's books including works by Pinky Bass, Janice Kluge, Joan Lyons, Qi peng, Luce, Beatrice Coron, Buzz Spector and Mary Ann Sampson. This exhibition included a catalogue. Quotes "In the Airplayer series of Sara Garden Armstrong, one can observe a growing mastery of multifaceted media and the inclusion of increasingly sophisticated technologies. Large hand-made paper forms, hoses, blower boxes and sound are elements in the language she uses, always articulated within the parameters of a given installation space. In her later works, one can see a shift from mechanical to electronic controls of the air sounds-reminiscent of sea and wind-and an increase in the artist's mix of "real" and digital. Wire mesh and paper forms have become powerful humanoid shapes and, when combined with movement and sound, suggest the basic mechanisms of life support and human functions. The artist does not hesitate to seek collaboration with technical specialists and in so doing has accelerated the development of her art. -Anna Campbell Bliss, "Explorers", LEONARDO, Vol.28, No. 4, pp. 239–242, 1994 "Sara Garden Armstrong utilizes the effects of ocean tides to show us contour in the waters edge, a graceful play of the ebb and flow of the universe itself and in disparate areas in our own lives." -Jon Coffelt for "'Contour: The Definitive Line,'" Schedler Minchin Gallery, Birmingham AL "When Art meets Technology and the marriage works, the magic can hardly be contained. So we have in Airplayers by Sara Garden Armstrong a remarkable translation of a large sculptural environment into a book, a video, and a reduced-in-scale sculptural environment housed in a handcrafted box." -Judith Hoffberg, HIGH PERFORMANCE Airplayers: A New Book Form Born of Technology Utilizing the notion of the trace, as a visual indication of the passing of time, these wall-sized works engage the viewer in a subtle contemplation; whereby the past and the present seem to share the same moment." -Michael Macinnis, 'The New York Art World, M, June/August 1999 Artist's books "'Airplayer Book,'" New York: Willis, Locker, & Owens, 1990; 21x15 cm, edition of 1,000. "'Airplayers: MULTIPLE,'" New York: Willis, Locker & Owens, 1990; 28 x 33 x 14 cm, edition of 65 variable copies; signed and numbered "'Fragile Connections,'" New York, 1992; 28 x 11.5 cm, edition of 200 variable copies, signed and numbered "'Messages from Home,'" New York, 1994; 23 x 29 cm, edition of 40 variable copies, signed & numbered "'Interiors.'" New York, 1997; 10 x 32 cm, edition of 25 variable copies, signed & numbered "'Shadow Presences,'" New York, 2010, edition of 20 copies, signed & numbered Books Popper, Frank, "Art of the Electronic Age," Harry N. Abrams, 1993, Collections Armstrong's work is included in collections nationally and internationally among them Victoria and Albert Museum in London, UK, MoMA in New York City, WAAND "Women Artists Archives National Directory, Ira Silverberg Papers, Sun and Moon Press Archive, Sackner Archive of Visual and Concrete Poetry Notes and references External links Sara Garden Armstrong Official website 21st-century American artists American multimedia artists American women installation artists American installation artists American women painters American women sculptors Book artists Women book artists American contemporary painters 20th-century American women artists 21st-century American women artists 20th-century American sculptors Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Sculptors from New York (state) Postmodern artists American art curators American digital artists Women digital artists Artists from Birmingham, Alabama
The Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's 38th season in the National Football League (NFL). It is best remembered for the third preseason game, in which quarterback Michael Vick broke his leg and was done for most of the season. Atlanta had two other quarterbacks take over for a combined 2–10 record (Doug Johnson and Kurt Kittner). Vick returned in week 14 and ended the season with a 3–1 record. After losing seven straight games, Dan Reeves was let go by Falcons management, and Wade Phillps took over for the rest of the season. For the season, the Falcons sported a new logo and uniforms. Offseason NFL Draft Personnel Staff Roster Regular season Schedule In the 2003 regular season, the Falcons’ non-divisional, conference opponents were primarily from the NFC East, although they also played the Minnesota Vikings from the NFC North, and the St. Louis Rams from the NFC West. Their non-conference opponents were from the AFC South. This was the first occasion when the Falcons played the Washington Redskins since 1994, due to old NFL scheduling formulas in place prior to 2002, whereby teams had no rotating schedule opposing members of other divisions within their own conference, but instead played interdivisional conference games according to position within a season’s table. Standings References External links 2003 Atlanta Falcons at Pro-Football-Reference.com Atlanta Falcons Atlanta Falcons seasons Atlanta
Ficus subpuberula is a lithophytic fig that is endemic to Australia. It ranges from extreme western Queensland, through the Northern Territory, into Western Australia. Description Ficus subpuberula is a monoecious tree which grows up to tall. Its leaves are long and wide. Its syconia are yellow, orange or red in colour, long and in diameter. References Trees of Australia Flora of Queensland Flora of the Northern Territory Rosids of Western Australia subpuberula Rosales of Australia Taxa named by E. J. H. Corner
Wyoming Highway 120 (WYO 120) is a state highway in central Hot Springs and eastern Park County, Wyoming that travels northwest to Montana Highway 72 at the state line. Route description Wyoming Highway 120 begins its east end in Thermopolis at US 20/WYO 789. It heads west on West Broadway Street out of Thermopolis losing the name and heading northwest. As Wyoming Highway 120 heads northwest it intersects Wyoming Highway 170, at just under nine miles, that travels to nearby Hamilton Dome. Further northwest the highway intersects Wyoming Highway 171 at just under 27 miles. WYO 171 travels to nearby Grass Creek. Wyoming Highway 431 is intersected at approximately 33 miles into the route, and it travels east along Gooseberry Creek to US 20/WYO 789 located southwest of Worland. Wyoming 120 continues heading northwest and leaves Hot Springs County behind and enters Park County from the southeast. Soon it reaches Meeteetse where it intersects with Wyoming Highway 290 (Park Avenue). After leaving Meeteese, WYO 120 intersects no other state highways until it reaches Cody. Highway 120 enters Cody from the south as Meeteetse Highway. It intersects the multiplexed US 14/US 16/US 20 (Greybull Highway) at the foot of Yellowstone Regional Airport. WYO 120 turns west and runs concurrent with the multiplexed routes in downtown Cody that then turns into 17th Street as the highway turns north. At Sheridan Avenue, WYO 120 turns west again with US 14/US 16/US 20. The concurrency with these routes ends one block later at an intersection with the western terminus of US 14A. WYO 120 turns north onto 16th Street and runs concurrent now with US Route 14A. This concurrency ends a half-mile later, as Highway 120 turns west onto Belfry Highway to continue its northwesterly course and to leave Cody, while US 14A heads east. Wyoming Highway 120 zigzags northwest out of Cody, and at approximately 85.5 miles, it intersects Former Wyoming Highway 293, that used to serve oil fields, state lands, and the Park County airport. This route was turned back to county maintenance in the early 1990s. The next major highway 120 encounters the eastern terminus of Wyoming Highway 296 (Chief Joseph Scenic Byway) at 101.01 miles into the route. After encountering WYO 296, Highway 120 turns to start heading in a north-northeast direction. At 113.83 miles, WYO 120 intersects the Former Wyoming Highway 292 (Clarks Fork Canyon Road). This route was also turned over to the county highway department for maintenance. A half-mile after, Highway 120 intersects the northern terminus of Wyoming Highway 294 is intersected, which travels southeast to US 14A near Ralston. Wyoming Highway 120 reaches the Montana-Wyoming State Line at 121.96 miles and ends. The highway continues as Montana Highway 72 as it turns northeast toward Laurel, Montana and US 310. History Wyoming Highway 120 emerged in 1945 to replace Wyoming 420 south of Cody and a new road north of Cody. Wyoming Highway 120 was commissioned to replace Wyoming Highway 420 and the state of Wyoming wanted to use the lowest number available, which was 120. When Wyoming numbered its state primary routes that were spurs of U.S. routes in the 1920s and 1930s, the state hoped to elevate them to U.S. route status. However, after the Great Recommissioning of 1936, Wyoming started to number its state auxiliary routes from the lowest number available. Major intersections References Official 2003 State Highway Map of Wyoming External links WYO 120 - MT-72/Montana State Line to US 20/789 (see Wyoming 120) Hot Springs County, WY website Park County, WY website Town of Thermopolis, WY website Town of Meeteetse, WY website City of Cody website Transportation in Park County, Wyoming Transportation in Hot Springs County, Wyoming 120
"Una storia che vale" (A worthwhile story) is a song by Italian recording artist Laura Pausini, released in February 2002 as the second single from her first compilation album, The Best of Laura Pausini: E ritorno da te. Pausini also released a Spanish-language version of the song, titled "Dos historias iguales" (Two equal stories). This version was inserted on the album Lo mejor de Laura Pausini: Volveré junto a ti and was released as the album's second single in Spain and Latin America. The Italian version was released as the last single from the album. Both versions were transmitted on the radio, with two videoclips being recorded and released. During the promotion of Pausini's 2003 English language album, a list of the songs that would be present on that album was leaked. An English version of Una storia che vale, named "Can't Turn Back Time" is said to exist, but has never been released by Pausini in any album. The music video The music video (in Italian and Spanish), was directed by Daniele Persica and shot during the night in the outskirts of Rome and during the day at one of the Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport terminals. The music videos of Una storia che vale and Dos historias iguales were inserted on the Live 2001-2002 World Tour, along with the Making of the video. The video begins with Pausini at the airport, waiting for someone. As the first chorus ends, a car is shown leaving a parking lot. Pausini is shown again at the airport. Then, a cut happens and Pausini is shown once more, but now driving the car that left the parking lot before. As the song progresses, a car chase between Pausini and another driver is shown, with Pausini winning at the end and smiling at the camera. Track list CDS - Promo 2768 Warner Music Europa Una storia che vale CDS - 0927436332 Warner Music Europa Una storia che vale La solitudine (Original Version) CDS - Promo 1478 Warner Music Messico Dos historias iguales Una storia che vale CDS - 1667 Warner Music USA Dos historias iguales Dos historias iguales (Brizz Connection Mix Radio Edit) Dos historias iguales (Brizz Connection Extended Club Mix) 45 giri Promo 614 Warner Music Italia Una storia che vale (Laura Pausini) Nei silenzi (Raf) Download digitale Una storia che vale Dos historias iguales Live performances The only tour in which Pausini sang Una storia che vale was the 2001/2002 World Tour, and present on the DVD recorded and released of that tour. The song was also present on the San Siro 2007 live album. Personnel Dado Parisini: musical keyboard, electric bass Riccardo Galardini: electric guitar, acoustic guitar Massimo Varini: electric guitar, acoustic guitar Gabriele Fersini: electric guitar Pier Foschi: batteries Laura Pausini: Voice References Laura Pausini songs Italian-language songs Spanish-language songs 2002 singles Songs written by Cheope Songs written by Laura Pausini Compagnia Generale del Disco singles
In mathematics, a trace identity is any equation involving the trace of a matrix. Properties Trace identities are invariant under simultaneous conjugation. Uses They are frequently used in the invariant theory of matrices to find the generators and relations of the ring of invariants, and therefore are useful in answering questions similar to that posed by Hilbert's fourteenth problem. Examples The Cayley–Hamilton theorem says that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic polynomial. This also implies that all square matrices satisfy where the coefficients are given by the elementary symmetric polynomials of the eigenvalues of . All square matrices satisfy See also References . Invariant theory Linear algebra
Northwestern Bank was a community bank based in Traverse City, Michigan that served northern Michigan. In 2014, it was acquired by Chemical Financial Corporation. History The bank was established in 1955. In September 2012, the bank entered into a consent order with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to address concerns about oversight and lending controls. In January 2013, Harry “Scrub” Calcutt, the chief executive officer of the bank, retired. He was replaced by Daniel W. Terpsma. In August 2013, the FDIC banned Calcutt from the banking industry after he allegedly hid loan defaults. On October 31, 2014, the bank was acquired by Chemical Financial Corporation for $121 million in cash. References Banks established in 1955 Defunct banks of the United States 1955 establishments in Michigan 2014 mergers and acquisitions
SETILive was an online project of Zooniverse that utilized live participants to analyze radio telescope data in real time to recognize patterns to find extraterrestrial intelligences (ETI's). The project ceased live operations on 12 October 2014, but still allows archival analysis. Project The project was launched in February 2012 as part of Jill Tarter's 2009 TED Prize Wish. SETILive uses data provided by the Allen Telescope Array and presents it visually so that the public can collectively search for radio signals. The project focuses on radio frequencies that automated detection systems ignore due to the prevalence of man-made noise. Jill Tarter hopes that human analysts will be able to detect low signal-to-noise transmissions which confuse computers. The telescope scans the zone between a known star and a known planet where liquid water is possible. This is called the habitable zone. The website displays one to three different scans of an area of space. Its energy is measured and put into a waterfall display. Users must identify the areas of high energy—signals—by making two points through which a line is drawn. Users classify signals as: broken, continuous, or parallel. Users then must classify the signal as: erratic, wide, or narrow. Many of the signals are just satellites that give off energy. Decoys The makers of SETILive intentionally put some false positives in. Sometimes, when a user clicks "done", a red line would identify the simulated ETI signal. See also Drake equation Radio astronomy SETI Zooniverse projects: References External links Search for extraterrestrial intelligence Astronomy websites Astronomy projects Human-based computation Citizen science Internet properties established in 2012
Mitsuhiro Ohira (born 1934) is a Japanese wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle light heavyweight at the 1956 Summer Olympics. References 1934 births Living people Japanese male sport wrestlers Olympic wrestlers for Japan Wrestlers at the 1956 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people) Asian Games medalists in wrestling Wrestlers at the 1958 Asian Games Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan 20th-century Japanese people 21st-century Japanese people
The 1937 football season was São Paulo's 8th season since the club's founding in 1930. Statistics Scorers Overall {\|class="wikitable" \|- \|Games played \|\| 31 (9 Campeonato Paulista, 22 Friendly match) \|- \|Games won \|\| 12 (4 Campeonato Paulista, 8 Friendly match) \|- \|Games drawn \|\| 1 (0 Campeonato Paulista, 1 Friendly match) \|- \|Games lost \|\| 18 (5 Campeonato Paulista, 13 Friendly match) \|- \|Goals scored \|\| 51 \|- \|Goals conceded \|\| 51 \|- \|Goal difference \|\| 0 \|- \|Best result \|\| 7–0 (A) v Ypiranga-BA - Campeonato Paulista - 1937.11.18 \|- \|Worst result \|\| 1–4 (A) v Galícia - Friendly match - 1937.11.211–4 (A) v Santos - Campeonato Paulista - 1937.09.12 \|- \|Most appearances \|\| \|- \|Top scorer \|\| Milani (13) \|- Friendlies Official competitions Campeonato Paulista External links official website Association football clubs 1937 season 1937 1937 in Brazilian football
Shailesh Gulabani is an Indian television actor. He is known for portraying the role of Vibhishan in ‘Siya Ke Ram’ and Deepak on Aap Ke Aa Jane Se that airs on Zee TV. Career Gulabani began his career in 2001 when he appeared in the music video of "Dekha Hai Teri Aankhon Ko" by the Aryans. Following Pankaj Udhas's "Khuda Bachaye" music video. In 2008, he was cast in the serial Jeevan Saathi as Ishaan Solanki and Kkavyanjali as Nihaal Nanda. A year later, he bagged the role of Abhay on Sony TV's Ladies Special. In 2012, he was cast in Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein as Sameer. In 2013, he starred in an episode of CID. In 2013 and 2015, he guest-starred in the episodic roles of Namit and Gautam in Savdhaan India. In 2014, he was cast in the serial Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya as Pratap. In 2016, he joined the mythological show Siya Ke Ram as Vibhishan. In late 2017, he joined Zee TV's new show Aap Ke Aa Jane Se as the recurring character of Deepak. As well as Shaktipeeth ke Bhairav as Indira. He also made appearance in SAB TV's show Baalveer Returns as Parikshak, a negative character. Personal life He married his longtime girlfriend actress Ashita Dhawan on 20 January 2010. They have 2 kids together, twins Arhmaan and Amaira. Television References External links 21st-century Indian male actors Living people Indian male television actors Male actors in Hindi television Indian male models Male actors from Mumbai Year of birth missing (living people)
Waterford is a city in County Waterford, Ireland. Waterford may also refer to: Places Australia Waterford, Western Australia Waterford, Queensland, a suburb Electoral district of Waterford, the electoral district for that suburb Canada Waterford Parish, New Brunswick Waterford, Nova Scotia Waterford, Ontario New Waterford, Nova Scotia England Waterford, Hertfordshire The yacht basin and mudflats of the former docks area in Lymington, Hampshire Jamaica A neighbourhood in the city of Portmore United States Waterford Township (disambiguation) Waterford, California Waterford Village, California Waterford, Connecticut, a town Waterford (CDP), Connecticut, a census-designated place Waterford, Indiana Waterford, Maine Waterford, New York Waterford (village), New York, within the town Waterford, Knox County, Ohio Waterford, Washington County, Ohio Waterford, Pennsylvania Waterford, Rhode Island Waterford, Vermont Waterford, Virginia Waterford (town), Wisconsin Waterford, Wisconsin, village mostly within the town Zimbabwe Waterford, an outlying suburb of Bulawayo Electoral divisions Waterford (Dáil constituency), current electoral division for County Waterford, Ireland Electoral district of Waterford current electoral division in Queensland, Australia Waterford City (UK Parliament constituency), electoral division for Waterford, Ireland until 1922 County Waterford (UK Parliament constituency), electoral division for County Waterford, Ireland until 1922 Waterford City (Parliament of Ireland constituency), electoral division for Waterford, Ireland until 1800 County Waterford (Parliament of Ireland constituency), electoral division for County Waterford, Ireland until 1800 Schools and colleges Waterford Institute of Technology, a third level college in Ireland Waterford College of Further Education, a vocational college in Ireland The Waterford School, a private K-12 liberal arts school in Sandy, Utah Waterford Kamhlaba, a United World College is located in Mbabane, Eswatini Waterford High School. People Crown Prince Waterford, American blues and jazz singer Jack Waterford, Australian journalist Janet Bragg (Janet Harmon Waterford Bragg), American aviator Other Waterford Crystal, a brand of crystal glassware Waterford GAA, administrative body for Gaelic Games in Co. Waterford, Ireland Waterford F.C., Football club based in Waterford, Ireland Waterford Airport in the southeast of Ireland Waterford railway station in Waterford, Ireland Bishop of Waterford in Ireland Marquess of Waterford, a title in the Peerage of Ireland Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore in Ireland Waterford West, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia Waterford Nuclear Generating Station, a nuclear power plant near New Orleans, Louisiana Waterford Precision Cycles, American bicycle manufacturer Buildings and structures disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists
Jan Popiel (born October 9, 1947) is a Danish-Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 296 games in the World Hockey Association. He played for the Chicago Cougars, Denver Spurs, Houston Aeros and Phoenix Roadrunners. He is the younger brother of former NHL player Poul Popiel. Popiel was drafted 10th overall in the 1964 NHL Entry Draft by the Chicago Black Hawks making him the highest drafted Danish-born player in NHL history until Mikkel Bødker was drafted in 2008 as number 8. Popiel, however, was raised in Canada (his family moved to St. Catharines, Ontario in 1951 when he was a child ) and is a Canadian citizen. Popiel also played professional lacrosse, scoring five goals in six games for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Lacrosse Association of 1968. References External links 1947 births Living people Canadian ice hockey left wingers Chicago Blackhawks draft picks Chicago Cougars players Canadian people of Danish descent Danish emigrants to Canada Danish ice hockey left wingers Denver Spurs (WHA) players Greensboro Generals (EHL) players Houston Aeros (WHA) players People from Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA) players Salem Rebels (EHL) players Ice hockey people from St. Catharines Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Gabriel Marie Jean Benoit de Lantivy de Kerveno (24 March 1792 – 27 May 1866) was a French soldier, administrator and diplomat. Early years Gabriel de Lantivy de Kerveno was born in Château du Bot, Quimerch, Pont-de-Buis-lès-Quimerch, Finistère, on 24 March 1792. His parents were Jacques Louis Alexandre de Lantivy de Kerveno and Félicité Conen de Saint-Luc (1764–1804). He was appointed page to the Emperor Napoleon on 18 October 1807. He became a lieutenant of the 1st regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval de la Garde Impériale on 20 July 1810. He campaigned in Germany in 1810 and 1811, and in the French invasion of Russia in 1812. He was distinguished at Krasnoe on 14 August 1812 where he took a cannon. He was a member of the Escadron sacré (Sacred Squadron) that protected the Emperor during the final retreat. Part of his right foot was amputated after being frozen, and he left the army. Gabriel de Lantivy was sub-prefect of Montmorillon from 20 May 1813 to 31 January 1819. In 1815 he married Marie le Feuvre de la Faluère (–1834). They had one child, Ester de Lantivy de Kerveno (1822–80). Gabriel de Lantivy was made a knight of the Order of Saint Louis on 29 February 1816. He was appointed sub-prefect of Châtillon-sur-Seine (from 28 March 1822), of Chalon-sur-Saône (from 8 January 1823) and of Le Havre (from 5 February 1823). Prefect Comte Gabriel de Lantivy de Kerveno was appointed prefect of the department of Corsica on 29 June 1824, succeeding Vicomte Antoine Louis Ange Elysée de Suleau. The Palais Lantivy, the administrative seat of the prefecture, was authorized by a royal ordinance dated 25 September 1822, and is named after Gabriel de Lantivy. He laid the first stone on 2 July 1826. He was succeeded on 3 March 1828 by Joseph Jérôme Hilaire Angellier. He was prefect of Basses-Alpes (from 3 March 1828). He was named Maître des requêtes at the Council of State on 1 November 1826, and served from 12 November 1828 to 20 August 1830. He was prefect of Lot (20 April – 19 August 1830). Consul De Lantivy was the first French consul in Jerusalem, where he served in 1843–44. He was present at a time when the European powers were competing for influence. He reported to his minister that "The Anglicans are striving to attract the Jews of Jerusalem, as they already have the Druze in Lebanon, so as to cut this population off from the influence of French patronage." He noted that the Anglicans had set up a well-equipped hospital and pharmacy, and had brought in a physician and an architect. He wrote, "I consider it urgent to establish two Catholic institution in Jerusalem—that will obviously be French as well—so as to balance the opposing influences of the Anglicans and the Greco-Russians. De Lantivy was later appointed Consul General of France in Bremen (1846) and in Dublin, Ireland (1852). He was made a knight and then an officer of the Legion of Honour, a grand officer of the Ordre équestre du Saint-Sépulcre de Jérusalem, and was awarded the Saint Helena Medal. He died in Le Hohwald, Barr, Bas-Rhin on 27 May 1866. References Sources 1792 births 1866 deaths 19th-century French diplomats French soldiers Knights of the Order of Saint Louis Officers of the Legion of Honour People from Finistère
The 2010 Shepherd Rams football team represented Shepherd University as a member of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) during the 2010 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 24th-year head coach Monte Cater, the Rams compiled an overall record of 12–2 with a conference mark of 7–1, winning the WVIAC title. Shepherd advanced to the NCAA Division II playoffs, where they beat in the first round, in the second round, and in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals at . The Rams played their home games at Ram Stadium in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Regular season The 2010 regular season for the Rams consisted of eight games against WVIAC conference opponents and two non-conference games against and . The Rams went 9–1 in the regular season and advanced to the 2010 NCAA Division II football playoffs. Playoffs The Rams won their first playoff game, at home against . The team then went on to win two straight games on the road, against and , before losing in the semifinal round to . Schedule References Shepherd Shepherd Rams football seasons West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football champion seasons Shepherd Rams football

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