text
stringlengths
2
2.33k
source
stringclasses
826 values
acetabulum : large, cup-shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone; formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
acromial end of the clavicle : lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
acromial process : acromion of the scapula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
acromioclavicular joint : articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
acromion : flattened bony process that extends laterally from the scapular spine to form the bony tip of the shoulder
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
adductor tubercle : small, bony bump located on the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
anatomical neck : line on the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral head
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ankle joint : joint that separates the leg and foot portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
anterior border of the tibia : narrow, anterior margin of the tibia that extends inferiorly from the tibial tuberosity
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
anterior inferior iliac spine : small, bony projection located on the anterior margin of the ilium, below the anterior superior iliac spine
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
anterior sacroiliac ligament : strong ligament between the sacrum and the ilium portions of the hip bone that supports the anterior side of the sacroiliac joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
anterior superior iliac spine : rounded, anterior end of the iliac crest
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
apical ectodermal ridge : enlarged ridge of ectoderm at the distal end of a limb bud that stimulates growth and elongation of the limb
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
arcuate line of the ilium : smooth ridge located at the inferior margin of the iliac fossa; forms the lateral portion of the pelvic brim
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
arm : region of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow joints; contains the humerus bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
auricular surface of the ilium : roughened area located on the posterior, medial side of the ilium of the hip bone; articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
base of the metatarsal bone : expanded, proximal end of each metatarsal bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
bicipital groove : intertubercular groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
calcaneus : heel bone; posterior, inferior tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
capitate : from the lateral side, the third of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the trapezoid laterally, the hamate medially, and primarily with the third metacarpal distally
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
capitulum : knob-like bony structure located anteriorly on the lateral, distal end of the humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
carpal bone : one of the eight small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
carpal tunnel : passageway between the anterior forearm and hand formed by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
carpometacarpal joint : articulation between one of the carpal bones in the distal row and a metacarpal bone of the hand
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
clavicle : collarbone; elongated bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and the acromion of the scapula laterally
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
coracoclavicular ligament : strong band of connective tissue that anchors the coracoid process of the scapula to the lateral clavicle; provides important indirect support for the acromioclavicular joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
coracoid process : short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the scapula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
coronoid fossa : depression on the anterior surface of the humerus above the trochlea; this space receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is maximally flexed
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
coronoid process of the ulna : projecting bony lip located on the anterior, proximal ulna; forms the inferior margin of the trochlear notch
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
costoclavicular ligament : band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
coxal bone : hip bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
cuboid : tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus bone, medially with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
deltoid tuberosity : roughened, V-shaped region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
distal radioulnar joint : articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
distal tibiofibular joint : articulation between the distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
elbow joint : joint located between the upper arm and forearm regions of the upper limb; formed by the articulations between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
femur : thigh bone; the single bone of the thigh
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
fibula : thin, non-weight-bearing bone found on the lateral side of the leg
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
fibular notch : wide groove on the lateral side of the distal tibia for articulation with the fibula at the distal tibiofibular joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
flexor retinaculum : strong band of connective tissue at the anterior wrist that spans the top of the U-shaped grouping of the carpal bones to form the roof of the carpal tunnel
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
foot : portion of the lower limb located distal to the ankle joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
forearm : region of the upper limb located between the elbow and wrist joints; contains the radius and ulna bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
fossa : (plural = fossae) shallow depression on the surface of a bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
fovea capitis : minor indentation on the head of the femur that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament to the head of the femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
glenohumeral joint : shoulder joint; formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
glenoid cavity : (also, glenoid fossa) shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior and lateral borders
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
gluteal tuberosity : roughened area on the posterior side of the proximal femur, extending inferiorly from the base of the greater trochanter
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
greater pelvis : (also, greater pelvic cavity or false pelvis) broad space above the pelvic brim defined laterally by the fan-like portion of the upper ilium
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
greater sciatic foramen : pelvic opening formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
greater sciatic notch : large, U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the ilium, superior to the ischial spine
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
greater trochanter : large, bony expansion of the femur that projects superiorly from the base of the femoral neck
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
greater tubercle : enlarged prominence located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hallux : big toe; digit 1 of the foot
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hamate : from the lateral side, the fourth of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate and triquetrum proximally, the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally, and the capitate laterally
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hand : region of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the femur : rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the fibula : small, knob-like, proximal end of the fibula; articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the humerus : smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the metatarsal bone : expanded, distal end of each metatarsal bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the radius : disc-shaped structure that forms the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna as part of the proximal radioulnar joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
head of the ulna : small, rounded distal end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius, forming the distal radioulnar joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hip bone : coxal bone; single bone that forms the pelvic girdle; consists of three areas, the ilium, ischium, and pubis
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hip joint : joint located at the proximal end of the lower limb; formed by the articulation between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
hook of the hamate bone : bony extension located on the anterior side of the hamate carpal bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
humerus : single bone of the upper arm
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
iliac crest : curved, superior margin of the ilium
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
iliac fossa : shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ilium : superior portion of the hip bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
inferior angle of the scapula : inferior corner of the scapula located where the medial and lateral borders meet
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
inferior pubic ramus : narrow segment of bone that passes inferiorly and laterally from the pubic body; joins with the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
infraglenoid tubercle : small bump or roughened area located on the lateral border of the scapula, near the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
infraspinous fossa : broad depression located on the posterior scapula, inferior to the spine
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intercondylar eminence : irregular elevation on the superior end of the tibia, between the articulating surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intercondylar fossa : deep depression on the posterior side of the distal femur that separates the medial and lateral condyles
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intermediate cuneiform : middle of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the medial cuneiform bone, laterally with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the second metatarsal bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous border of the fibula : small ridge running down the medial side of the fibular shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the fibula and tibia
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous border of the radius : narrow ridge located on the medial side of the radial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous border of the tibia : small ridge running down the lateral side of the tibial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous border of the ulna : narrow ridge located on the lateral side of the ulnar shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous membrane of the forearm : sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the radius and ulna bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interosseous membrane of the leg : sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the shafts of the tibia and fibula bones
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
interphalangeal joint : articulation between adjacent phalanx bones of the hand or foot digits
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intertrochanteric crest : short, prominent ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the posterior side of the proximal femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intertrochanteric line : small ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
intertubercular groove (sulcus) : bicipital groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ischial ramus : bony extension projecting anteriorly and superiorly from the ischial tuberosity; joins with the inferior pubic ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ischial spine : pointed, bony projection from the posterior margin of the ischium that separates the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ischial tuberosity : large, roughened protuberance that forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone; weight-bearing region of the pelvis when sitting
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ischiopubic ramus : narrow extension of bone that connects the ischial tuberosity to the pubic body; formed by the junction of the ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
ischium : posteroinferior portion of the hip bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
knee joint : joint that separates the thigh and leg portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral border of the scapula : diagonally oriented lateral margin of the scapula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral condyle of the femur : smooth, articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the lateral expansion of the distal femur
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral condyle of the tibia : lateral, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral cuneiform : most lateral of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the intermediate cuneiform bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the third metatarsal bone
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral epicondyle of the femur : roughened area of the femur located on the lateral side of the lateral condyle
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral epicondyle of the humerus : small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral malleolus : expanded distal end of the fibula
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
lateral supracondylar ridge : narrow, bony ridge located along the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the lateral epicondyle
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms
leg : portion of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joints
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-key-terms