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hepatic vein : drains systemic blood from the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
hypertension : chronic and persistent blood pressure measurements of 140/90 mm Hg or above | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
hypervolemia : abnormally high levels of fluid and blood within the body | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
hypovolemia : abnormally low levels of fluid and blood within the body | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
hypovolemic shock : type of circulatory shock caused by excessive loss of blood volume due to hemorrhage or possibly dehydration | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
hypoxia : lack of oxygen supply to the tissues | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
inferior mesenteric artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the distal segment of the large intestine and rectum | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
inferior phrenic artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
inferior vena cava : large systemic vein that drains blood from areas largely inferior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
intercostal artery : branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the muscles of the thoracic cavity and vertebral column | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
intercostal vein : drains the muscles of the thoracic wall and leads to the azygos vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal carotid artery : arises from the common carotid artery and begins with the carotid sinus; goes through the carotid canal of the temporal bone to the base of the brain; combines with branches of the vertebral artery forming the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal elastic membrane : membrane composed of elastic fibers that separates the tunica intima from the tunica media; seen in larger arteries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal iliac artery : branch from the common iliac arteries; supplies blood to the urinary bladder, walls of the pelvis, external genitalia, and the medial portion of the femoral region; in females, also provide blood to the uterus and vagina | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal iliac vein : drains the pelvic organs and integument; formed from several smaller veins in the region; leads to the common iliac vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal jugular vein : one of a pair of major veins located in the neck region that passes through the jugular foramen and canal, flows parallel to the common carotid artery that is more or less its counterpart; primarily drains blood from the brain, receives the superficial facial vein, and empties into the subclavia... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal thoracic artery : (also, mammary artery) arises from the subclavian artery; supplies blood to the thymus, pericardium of the heart, and the anterior chest wall | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
internal thoracic vein : (also, internal mammary vein) drains the anterior surface of the chest wall and leads to the brachiocephalic vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure (IFCOP) : pressure exerted by the colloids within the interstitial fluid | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP) : force exerted by the fluid in the tissue spaces | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
ischemia : insufficient blood flow to the tissues | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
Korotkoff sounds : noises created by turbulent blood flow through the vessels | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
lateral circumflex artery : branch of the deep femoral artery; supplies blood to the deep muscles of the thigh and the ventral and lateral regions of the integument | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
lateral plantar artery : arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the lateral plantar surfaces of the foot | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
left gastric artery : branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the stomach | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
lumbar arteries : branches of the abdominal aorta; supply blood to the lumbar region, the abdominal wall, and spinal cord | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
lumbar veins : drain the lumbar portion of the abdominal wall and spinal cord; the superior lumbar veins drain into the azygos vein on the right or the hemiazygos vein on the left; blood from these vessels is returned to the superior vena cava rather than the inferior vena cava | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
lumen : interior of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or a portion of the alimentary canal through which blood, chyme, or other substances travel | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
maxillary vein : drains blood from the maxillary region and leads to the external jugular vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
mean arterial pressure (MAP) : average driving force of blood to the tissues; approximated by taking diastolic pressure and adding 1/3 of pulse pressure | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
medial plantar artery : arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the medial plantar surfaces of the foot | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
median antebrachial vein : vein that parallels the ulnar vein but is more medial in location; intertwines with the palmar venous arches | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
median cubital vein : superficial vessel located in the antecubital region that links the cephalic vein to the basilic vein in the form of a v; a frequent site for a blood draw | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
median sacral artery : continuation of the aorta into the sacrum | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
mediastinal artery : branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the mediastinum | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
metarteriole : short vessel arising from a terminal arteriole that branches to supply a capillary bed | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
microcirculation : blood flow through the capillaries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
middle cerebral artery : another branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
middle sacral vein : drains the sacral region and leads to the left common iliac vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
muscular artery : (also, distributing artery) artery with abundant smooth muscle in the tunica media that branches to distribute blood to the arteriole network | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
myogenic response : constriction or dilation in the walls of arterioles in response to pressures related to blood flow; reduces high blood flow or increases low blood flow to help maintain consistent flow to the capillary network | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
nervi vasorum : small nerve fibers found in arteries and veins that trigger contraction of the smooth muscle in their walls | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
net filtration pressure (NFP) : force driving fluid out of the capillary and into the tissue spaces; equal to the difference of the capillary hydrostatic pressure and the blood colloidal osmotic pressure | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
neurogenic shock : type of shock that occurs with cranial or high spinal injuries that damage the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata or the nervous fibers originating from this region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
obstructive shock : type of shock that occurs when a significant portion of the vascular system is blocked | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
occipital sinus : enlarged vein that drains the occipital region near the falx cerebelli and flows into the left and right transverse sinuses, and also into the vertebral veins | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
ophthalmic artery : branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the eyes | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
ovarian artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the ovary, uterine (Fallopian) tube, and uterus | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
ovarian vein : drains the ovary; the right ovarian vein leads to the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein leads to the left renal vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
palmar arches : superficial and deep arches formed from anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries; supply blood to the hand and digital arteries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
palmar venous arches : drain the hand and digits, and feed into the radial and ulnar veins | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
parietal branches : (also, somatic branches) group of arterial branches of the thoracic aorta; includes those that supply blood to the thoracic cavity, vertebral column, and the superior surface of the diaphragm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
perfusion : distribution of blood into the capillaries so the tissues can be supplied | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pericardial artery : branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the pericardium | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
petrosal sinus : enlarged vein that receives blood from the cavernous sinus and flows into the internal jugular vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
phrenic vein : drains the diaphragm; the right phrenic vein flows into the inferior vena cava and the left phrenic vein leads to the left renal vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
plantar arch : formed from the anastomosis of the dorsalis pedis artery and medial and plantar arteries; branches supply the distal portions of the foot and digits | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
plantar veins : drain the foot and lead to the plantar venous arch | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
plantar venous arch : formed from the plantar veins; leads to the anterior and posterior tibial veins through anastomoses | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
popliteal artery : continuation of the femoral artery posterior to the knee; branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
popliteal vein : continuation of the femoral vein behind the knee; drains the region behind the knee and forms from the fusion of the fibular and anterior and posterior tibial veins | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
posterior cerebral artery : branch of the basilar artery that forms a portion of the posterior segment of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the posterior portion of the cerebrum and brain stem | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
posterior communicating artery : branch of the posterior cerebral artery that forms part of the posterior portion of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
posterior tibial artery : branch from the popliteal artery that gives rise to the fibular or peroneal artery; supplies blood to the posterior tibial region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
posterior tibial vein : forms from the dorsal venous arch; drains the area near the posterior surface of the tibia and leads to the popliteal vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
precapillary sphincters : circular rings of smooth muscle that surround the entrance to a capillary and regulate blood flow into that capillary | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulmonary artery : one of two branches, left and right, that divides off from the pulmonary trunk and leads to smaller arterioles and eventually to the pulmonary capillaries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulmonary circuit : system of blood vessels that provide gas exchange via a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that run from the heart, through the body, and back to the lungs | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulmonary trunk : single large vessel exiting the right ventricle that divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulmonary veins : two sets of paired vessels, one pair on each side, that are formed from the small venules leading away from the pulmonary capillaries that flow into the left atrium | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulse : alternating expansion and recoil of an artery as blood moves through the vessel; an indicator of heart rate | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
pulse pressure : difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
radial artery : formed at the bifurcation of the brachial artery; parallels the radius; gives off smaller branches until it reaches the carpal region where it fuses with the ulnar artery to form the superficial and deep palmar arches; supplies blood to the lower arm and carpal region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
radial vein : parallels the radius and radial artery; arises from the palmar venous arches and leads to the brachial vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
reabsorption : in the cardiovascular system, the movement of material from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
renal artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies each kidney | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
renal vein : largest vein entering the inferior vena cava; drains the kidneys and leads to the inferior vena cava | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
resistance : any condition or parameter that slows or counteracts the flow of blood | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
respiratory pump : increase in the volume of the thorax during inhalation that decreases air pressure, enabling venous blood to flow into the thoracic region, then exhalation increases pressure, moving blood into the atria | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
right gastric artery : branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies blood to the stomach | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
sepsis : (also, septicemia) organismal-level inflammatory response to a massive infection | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
septic shock : (also, blood poisoning) type of shock that follows a massive infection resulting in organism-wide inflammation | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
sigmoid sinuses : enlarged veins that receive blood from the transverse sinuses; flow through the jugular foramen and into the internal jugular vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
sinusoid capillary : rarest type of capillary, which has extremely large intercellular gaps in the basement membrane in addition to clefts and fenestrations; found in areas such as the bone marrow and liver where passage of large molecules occurs | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
skeletal muscle pump : effect on increasing blood pressure within veins by compression of the vessel caused by the contraction of nearby skeletal muscle | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
small saphenous vein : located on the lateral surface of the leg; drains blood from the superficial regions of the lower leg and foot, and leads to the popliteal vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
sphygmomanometer : blood pressure cuff attached to a device that measures blood pressure | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
splenic artery : branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the spleen | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
straight sinus : enlarged vein that drains blood from the brain; receives most of the blood from the great cerebral vein and flows into the left or right transverse sinus | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
subclavian artery : right subclavian arises from the brachiocephalic artery, whereas the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch; gives rise to the internal thoracic, vertebral, and thyrocervical arteries; supplies blood to the arms, chest, shoulders, back, and central nervous system | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
subclavian vein : located deep in the thoracic cavity; becomes the axillary vein as it enters the axillary region; drains the axillary and smaller local veins near the scapular region; leads to the brachiocephalic vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
subscapular vein : drains blood from the subscapular region and leads to the axillary vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
superior mesenteric artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), the pancreas, and a majority of the large intestine | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
superior phrenic artery : branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the superior surface of the diaphragm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
superior sagittal sinus : enlarged vein located midsagittally between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura mater within the falx cerebri; receives most of the blood drained from the superior surface of the cerebrum and leads to the inferior jugular vein and the vertebral vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
superior vena cava : large systemic vein; drains blood from most areas superior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
systolic pressure : larger number recorded when measuring arterial blood pressure; represents the maximum value following ventricular contraction | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
temporal vein : drains blood from the temporal region and leads to the external jugular vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
testicular artery : branch of the abdominal aorta; will ultimately travel outside the body cavity to the testes and form one component of the spermatic cord | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
testicular vein : drains the testes and forms part of the spermatic cord; the right testicular vein empties directly into the inferior vena cava and the left testicular vein empties into the left renal vein | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/20-key-terms |
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