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Background
One of the prominent features that distinguishes eukaryotic genomes from those of prokaryotes is the presence of spliceosomal introns. Introns are intervening sequences that are removed from expressed RNAs, in the case of spliceosomal introns through a series of transesterfications mediated by a large ribopr... | 16638131 | PMC1501061 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:48 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Apr 25; 6:34 |
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias seen in clinical practice. The incidence of AF increases with age and is seen in up to 8.9% of individuals greater than 80 years of age [1]. Although many treatment modalities are available for AF, curative therapy has recently become possible ... | 16943884 | PMC1501062 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):10-25 |
Introduction
The Osborn wave is a deflection with a dome or hump configuration occurring at the R-ST junction (J point) on the ECG (Figure 1). In the historical view, different names have been used for this wave in the medical literature, such as “camel-hump sign”, “late delta wave”, “hathook junction”, “hypothermic wa... | 16943886 | PMC1501063 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):33-39 |
Brugada syndrome is a unique form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF), and is characterized by an ECG pattern with right bundle branch block (J wave), ST-segment elevation and terminal T-wave inversion in leads V1 through V3 [1-10]. It accounts for approximately 20% of all cases of sudden cardiac death in pati... | 16943885 | PMC1501064 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):26-32 |
A twenty-four year old obese (100 kg) man with a past medical history of pure red cell aplasia diagnosed 8 months ago was admitted for elective chemotherapy after having failed outpatient therapy with high dose prednisone and azathioprine. Upon admission, the patient was placed on IV cyclosporine (12 mg/kg/day divided ... | 16943887 | PMC1501065 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):40-42 |
Introduction
Technology is outpacing the financial resources available for health care all over the world. Pacemakers are among the expensive devices, and when indicated properly they have no alternative. In many instances pacemakers outlive the patients and it would be a waste to dispose these pacemakers that are stil... | 16943883 | PMC1501066 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):3-9 |
Cardiologists implant permanent pacemakers widely for indications like sick sinus syndrome and complete heart block. The guidelines for such implantations are well established [1]. However, in developing countries like India, all patients who need pacemakers do not receive them because of financial constraints. Even wh... | 16943882 | PMC1501067 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jan 1; 4(1):1-2 |
Myocyte Ca2+ overload initiates ventricular fibrillation
Elevated myocyte Ca2+ (Ca2+ overload) has generally been accepted to be responsible for the initiation of potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation (VF) in various pathological conditions such as digitalis toxicity, myocar... | 16943975 | PMC1501068 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):85-92 |
Introduction
Simultaneous occurrence of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia in the same patient is very rare. Concomitance of both these forms is usually coincidental, except in cases of digitalis toxicity and catecholaminergic tachycardias [1,2]. We report a case of double tachycardia in which right ventricul... | 16943976 | PMC1501069 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):93-96 |
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice and, although its importance has been underestimated even in recent years, we are now becoming aware of its clinical transcendence [1-3]. The classical treatment is pharmacological, but its efficacy is limited a... | 16943971 | PMC1501070 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):50-62 |
Long QT intervals in the ECG have long been associated with sudden cardiac death. The congenital long QT syndrome was first described in individuals with structurally normal hearts in 1957 [1]. Little was known about the significance of a short QT interval. In 1993, after analyzing 6693 consecutive Holter recordings ... | 16943970 | PMC1501071 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):46-49 |
Introduction
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the treatment of choice in the management of symptomatic patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the absence of structural heart disease. The role of RFA in-patients with VT in the setting of chronic ischemic heart disease is less well defined. Ventricular tachycardia... | 16943972 | PMC1501072 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):63-72 |
Introduction
Syncope is a sudden transient loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone, followed by spontaneous recovery [1]. Around 30 percent of the general population have one syncopal event in their lifetime, with 3% having recurrent episodes [2]. Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is an exaggerated tendency towards the... | 16943974 | PMC1501073 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):79-84 |
Introduction
The concept of a closed-loop feedback system, that would automatically assess pacing threshold and self-adjust pacing output to ensure consistent myocardial capture, has many appeals. Enhancing patient safety in cases of an unexpected rise in threshold, reduced current drain, hence prolonging battery longe... | 16943973 | PMC1501074 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Apr 1; 4(2):73-78 |
Introduction
Fetal tachycardia, first recognized in 1930 by Hyman et al [1], is a condition occurring in approximately 0.4-0.6% of all pregnancies [2]. A subset of these cases with more sustained periods of tachycardia is clinically relevant. The necessity of therapeutic intervention in this condition is still a matter... | 16943978 | PMC1501076 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):104-113 |
Introduction
In general ventricular tachycardias have wide QRS complexes. One of the earliest descriptions of ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a narrow QRS complex was by Cohen et al in 1972 [1]. Their description was a left posterior fascicular tachycardia with relatively narrow QRS. In 1979, Zipes et al [2] reporte... | 16943977 | PMC1501077 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):98-103 |
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in the majority of countries [1,2]. In developed countries (e.g. United States), nearly the half of these deaths are unexpected and sudden [3,4]. Although the broad majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur outside the hospital and very poor survival rates h... | 16943979 | PMC1501078 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):114-121 |
In recent years, mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation (AF) induction and maintenance have begun to be explored and rapidly evolving therapies including new antiarrhythmic drugs, antitachycardia pacing algorithms and catheter ablation techniques have been introduced in clinical practice. Nevertheless, outcome of AF... | 16943980 | PMC1501079 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):122-136 |
The advances in pacemaker technology in the 1980s have generated a wide variety of complex multiprogrammable pacemakers and pacing modes. Pacing systems can be classified as (1) single lead ventricular, such as VVI or ventricular demand; (2) atrial based, single lead, such as AAI or atrial demand; or dual chamber, such... | 16943981 | PMC1501080 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):137-145 |
Case report
A 57-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, who had undergone aortic valve replacement 26 years ago, was referred to our department for a third attempt at radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of an atrial tachycardia. According to reports, during the previous two electrophysiol... | 16943982 | PMC1501081 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):146-151 |
Case report
An eighty-four year old Dominican man presented to the Emergency Department complaining of “dizziness”. He had a past medical history significant for aortic stenosis, status post aortic valve replacement, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sick sinus syndrome, for which a DDD pacemaker was placed. Two days ... | 16943983 | PMC1501082 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Jul 1; 4(3):152-154 |
Introduction
Based on groundbreaking work by Michel Haissaguerre et al. a catheter-based procedure was recently introduced into clinical routine to treat drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) [1,2]. During segmental ostial pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), electrically conducting myocardial extensions bri... | 16943889 | PMC1501090 | CC BY | 2024-03-11 02:40:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):6-16 |
Introduction
Development of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) has been a dramatic advancement in the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias. A major issue in patients with ICD is the high incidence of ICD therapies[1-7], which have a major effect on morbidity and quality of life [4,5]. Knowing ... | 16943890 | PMC1501091 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):17-24 |
Atrial fibrillation is the commonest cardiac dysrhythmia. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are two approaches to the management of atrial fibrillation: controlling the ventricular rate or converting to sinus rhythm in the expectation that this would abolish its adverse effects.
The ob... | 16943892 | PMC1501092 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):31 |
Introduction
Despite advances in drug treatment, congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a major health care problem associated with a poor quality of life and a high mortality rate. During the past decade, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) using biventricular (BIV) pacing emerged as a promising technique improvin... | 16943894 | PMC1501093 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):44-48 |
Introduction
Implantable electronic pacemakers remain the treatment of choice for high degree atrioventricular blocks and sinus node dysfunction. The shortcomings of electronic pacemakers include limited battery life, need for lead implantation into heart and lack of response to autonomic and physiologic demands on the... | 16943888 | PMC1501094 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):1-5 |
Introduction
P wave dispersion (PWD) indicates the spreading of the sinus stimulus in the atria. geneity in the depolarisation of the atria and thus causes atrial fibrillation. Stretching of the atria due to pressure and/or volume load, electrolyte imbalance or increase in sympathetic activity are the main causes that ... | 16943891 | PMC1501095 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):25-30 |
Introduction
Andersen-Tawil syndrome describes a rare condition consisting of ventricular arrhythmias, potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis, and developmental anomalies. [1,2] While two cases of familial periodic paralysis associated with ventricular ectopy were first described in 1963, [3] the suggestion of a potent... | 16943893 | PMC1501096 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):32-43 |
Introduction
Geomagnetic activity (GMA) is part of the physical environment surrounding us. In last century many studies were published discussing different links between the level of GMA and human homeostasis. They include studies on cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The medical community is not equiv... | 16943895 | PMC1501097 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):49-53 |
ECG in sinus rhythm with ventricular preexcitation and changing QRS morphology was seen that was initially interpreted as the multiple accessory pathway from elsewhere. (Figure 1A).
The following mechanisms are potentially involved in the electrogenesis of changing QRS morphology in WPW syndrome: 1) multiple accessor... | 16943896 | PMC1501098 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:20 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Jan 1; 6(1):54-55 |
Introduction
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), characterized by orthostatic tachycardia in the absence of orthostatic hypotension, has been the focus of increasing clinical interest over the last 15 years [1]. Patients with POTS complain of symptoms of tachycardia, exercise intolerance, lightheadedness, extreme fa... | 16943900 | PMC1501099 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):84-99 |
Introduction
Since the first description of atrial flutter in humans almost a century ago, electrophysiological techniques have evolved to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the arrhythmia mechanism which in turn, has led to a highly effective therapeutic strategy. This review is confined to cavotricuspid ist... | 16943901 | PMC1501100 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):100-110 |
Introduction
Gene therapy is defined as the transfer of nucleic acids to somatic cells as therapeutically useful molecules. Genetic defects can be corrected or gene products be expressed by gene therapy. This approach has many potential applications, the most obvious being the treatment of inherited monogenic disorder... | 16943902 | PMC1501101 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):111-118 |
Introduction
Atrial flutter (AFL) is a frequent arrhythmia second only to atrial fibrillation in clinical practice. Since Jolly and Ritchie first recorded AFL in 1910, over the next several decades there was surprisingly little progress in understanding its mechanisms [1]. In 1921, Sir Thomas Lewis and his colleagues ... | 16943903 | PMC1501102 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):119-132 |
The electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria for the left septal fascicular block (LSFB) are not universally accepted and many other denominations can be seen in literature: focal septal block, septal focal block, left septal fascicular block, left anterior septal block, septal fascicular conduction disorder of the left branch... | 16943905 | PMC1501103 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):135-138 |
The 12-lead ECG shows sequential atrial and ventricular pacing (Figure 1A). A tracing, obtained simultaneously during pacemaker interrogation, disclosed pacemaker functioning as VDD mode (Figure 1B). The careful examination of this pacemaker tracing showed that there is a pacing stimulus before each P wave (compatible ... | 16943904 | PMC1501104 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):133-134 |
Cardiac pacing in infants and children has evolved considerably since the initial implants over half a century ago. Pacemaker generators have become smaller and are now easily accommodated subcutaneously or submuscularly either in the chest or the abdominal wall in the smallest of infants. Improvements in lead technolo... | 16943897 | PMC1501105 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:09 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):57-62 |
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents one of the major clinical, social and economical medical challenge [1,2]. Progressive ageing is associated with an inevitable rising in incidence and prevalence of this rhythm disorder [3,4], which causes not only impairments in functional capability being associated to... | 16943898 | PMC1501106 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:09 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):63-74 |
Introduction
The implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly being used as a treatment modality for high risk survivors of life-threatening tachyarrhythmia [1,2]. Major technological advances like the introduction of transvenous defibrillation leads and "active can" concept have simplified the impl... | 16943899 | PMC1501107 | CC BY | 2023-11-28 23:15:10 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2006 Apr 1; 6(2):75-83 |
The recent report of an increasing number of Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections among service members injured in Iraq/Afghanistan operations prompted this investigation.1 The number of such infections and the resistance of A baumannii infections to multiple antibiotics suggested the need to consider and add... | 16921408 | PMC1501113 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Feb 22; 4:e3 |
The skin has many natural defenses against infection. Tight junctions between keratinocytes prevent the invasion of microbes, and the fatty acid–rich and lipid-rich environment in the epidermis is toxic not only to bacteria but also to fungi and viruses.1 Defensins are natural antimicrobial peptides, produced by variou... | 16921412 | PMC1501114 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Apr 25; 4:e7 |
Early excision of the burn eschar has greatly improved burn patients' survival. In some cases, the patient is left with extensive regions devoid of dermis and poor cosmesis. Currently, a variety of skin substitutes or artificial dermal replacements are used not only to decrease morbidity and wound contracture in severe... | 16921409 | PMC1501115 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Mar 14; 4:e4 |
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SULFUR MUSTARD USE
Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; or HD] is a potent vesicating (blistering) chemical warfare agent that was first used in the First World War by Germany against French troops at Ypres, Belgium (1917). Since then, there has been evidence or allegations of HD use in ... | 16921406 | PMC1501116 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Jan 5; 4:e1 |
The keratinocyte basement membrane serves as a scaffold and a macromolecular signaling matrix responsible for regulating cell behavior during development, adult life, and wound healing. Synthesized and organized by keratinocytes, matrix components play a pivotal role in orchestrating epithelial proliferation,1 adhesion... | 16921413 | PMC1501117 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 May 17; 4:e8 |
Management of acute thermal injury is often frustrated by the phenomenon of burn wound progression. In this circumstance, heat-damaged tissue that is alive at presentation becomes progressively nonviable until the skin is found to be nonsalvageable and requires excision and grafting. The etiology of this process is unc... | 16921410 | PMC1501118 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Mar 24; 4:e5 |
There are a number of key hormones involved with energy production, anabolism or protein synthesis, and catabolism or protein breakdown. The balance of anabolic and catabolic hormones affects wound healing both indirectly by the status of overall net protein synthesis and directly by improving the wound healing process... | 16921407 | PMC1501119 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Jan 17; 4:e2 |
Thirty years ago, Larson et al observed that elastic pressure wrap dressings were effective in reducing scar hypertrophy in healing burn scars.1 Since that report, 20 to 24 mm Hg pressure garments have become the mainstay of scar prevention. The mechanism of action of pressure dressings is uncertain, particularly in vi... | 16921411 | PMC1501120 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:33 | no | J Burns Wounds. 2005 Mar 28; 4:e6 |
The Brugada syndrome is characterized by a ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads associated with right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern and a propensity for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of structural heart disease [1]. Mutations in a cardiac sodium channel gene have been linked... | 16943906 | PMC1502040 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):91-92 |
Introduction
In cardiac surgery strategies to treat permanent atrial fibrillation (pAF) effectively are of greatest interest because pAF is a frequent problem that substantially deteriorates the prognosis [1-3]. The data concerning the incidence of pAF following the classification of the ACC/AHA/ESC Practice Guidelines... | 16943907 | PMC1502041 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):93-100 |
Introduction
Recently introduced pacemaker leads float freely within the veins and myocardium. Later on, fibrous encapsulation of the lead develops [1]. These adhesions not only occur at the lead tip but are commonly found anywhere along the whole length of the lead at sites where the lead is in contact with the vein o... | 16943908 | PMC1502042 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):101-108 |
History and Electrophysiology
The concept of reentry within the sinus node is by no means new. In their 1943 report, Barker and co-workers postulated that “…a circus rhythm could be accommodated in auricular muscle and in one of the specialized nodes at known rates of conduction and with cycle lengths such as occur in ... | 16943909 | PMC1502043 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):109-116 |
Introduction
Lesion Generation due to Radiofrequency Energy Application - theoretical considerations
In RF ablation, the heating of cardiac tissue is mainly resistive. RF current is applied to the tissue via a metal electrode at the tip of the catheter, with a large skin electrode serving as indifferent electrode. The ... | 16943910 | PMC1502044 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):117-128 |
Introduction
Approximately 30 percent of patients with cardiomyopathy have IVCD such as left or right bundle-branch block, leading to loss of coordination of ventricular contraction [1,2]. This dyssynchronous pattern of ventricular contraction is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure, reducing ... | 16943911 | PMC1502045 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):129-142 |
Introduction
Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a rare type of supraventricular arrhythmia. Even if its management has improved in recent years, it remains a great challenge for the cardiologist. Two are the possible clinical presentations of this arrhythmia: as a primary idiopathic disorder during infancy, config... | 16943912 | PMC1502046 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):143-147 |
Introduction
Arhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomypathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a disorder in which the right ventricular myocardium is interspersed with fatty or fibrofatty tissue. This pathological process principally affects the right ventricle, but in advanced cases can lead to biventricular involvement. Linkage a... | 16943913 | PMC1502047 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):148-156 |
With an incidence of 1 in 20,000 live born infants [1], congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is a rare disease. The aetiology is not completely understood. However, CCAVB may be isolated or combined with congenital heart diseases in up to 53% of affected individuals [2]. Isolated CCAVB is in up to 98% of ... | 16943915 | PMC1502048 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):178-183 |
Several causes are known to induce the right precordial ST elevation mimicking Brugada syndrome. Right ventricular outflow area is assumed to be responsible for such ECG changes. We experienced a case of anterior mediastinal infective mass lesion with a Brugada-like ECG.
A 52-year-old female, who has pulmonary stenosi... | 16943916 | PMC1502049 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Jul 1; 3(3):184 |
“Not to correct QT, but how to, that is the question”. The QT interval is a reflection of the action potential in the cardiac cells. Homogenous or heterogenous changes in the action potential duration lead to alteration of QT interval (in addition to morphological changes of T & U waves) [1]. Such changes can be due to... | 16943917 | PMC1502050 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):185-186 |
Recent Advances In Mapping Of Cardiac Arrhythmias
The concept of mapping rhythmic activation of the heart dates back to the beginning of last century, with initial descriptions of reentry in turtle hearts [1], to the first systematic mapping of sinus rhythm and then atrial flutter by Lewis et al [2]. Barker et al [3] w... | 16943918 | PMC1502051 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):187-196 |
Introduction
The Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome has been a known clinical entity for over fifty years. In 1967 Durrer et al postulated WPW syndrome was due to an accessory pathway, bypassing the AV node, from the atria to the ventricles [1]. This was later confirmed by epicardial mapping. WPW is the second most c... | 16943919 | PMC1502052 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):197-201 |
Introduction
Transesophageal atrial pacing is feasible because of the proximity between the oesophagus and the posterior aspect of the atria [1]. Atrial pacing is possible through the oesophagus in almost all patients and can yield important information in many arrhythmias where single site atrial pacing is of value. I... | 16943920 | PMC1502053 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):202-209 |
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in adults, affects 1 in 25 people over the age of 60 years and 1 in 10 over the age of 80 years [1]. There is considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with AF, all of which will increase with the expanding elderly population. Until recently, p... | 16943921 | PMC1502054 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:03 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):210-223 |
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation is a target of intensive research because fibrillation is the final frontier in the arrhythmology [1-3]. Now we have several therapeutic modalities for this common arrhythmia, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach. However, long-term success rate of these treatments... | 16943922 | PMC1502055 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):224-230 |
Preliminary Observations: "Prehistory"
Halfway through the 20th century (1953), Osher and Woff noticed the right bundle branch block (RBBB) electrocardiographic pattern, associated to ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads. These were considered at the time as normal variants, not having been related to sud... | 16943925 | PMC1502056 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):253-260 |
Introduction
During the last years, the implantation rate of dual chamber defibrillators (ICD) significantly increased worldwide. In 1999, the proportion of dual chamber ICD implants reached 30% in Europe and 50% in U.S.A. [1]. According to manufacturer data, in Italy, the ratio between implanted single chamber and dua... | 16943926 | PMC1502057 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):261-267 |
A 75-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) experienced recurrent seizures at home. Holter monitoring (Figure 1) (each line 50 sec) showed repetitive runs of torsade de pointes (TdP), degenerating into ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Abrupt asytole heralded end of electrical ... | 16943927 | PMC1502058 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):268-269 |
A 15-year-old girl, previously asymptomatic for palpitations, underwent a successful atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure. Twelve weeks after the procedure, the patient was admitted complaining of dyspnoea on effort and palpitations. The twelve-lead ECG showed a narrow QRS tachycardia with slight heart rate irregu... | 16943928 | PMC1502059 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 21:18:04 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2003 Oct 1; 3(4):270-272 |
Introduction
Cardiac Pacemaker
The pacemaker unit delivers an electrical pulse with the proper intensity to the proper location to stimulate the heart at a desired rate. The cardiac pacemaker comprises of a pulse generator and a lead system. The pulse generator houses electrical components responsible for generating th... | 16943934 | PMC1502062 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 4(4):201-212 |
Introduction
Pacemaker syndrome consists of the cardiovascular signs and symptoms of heart failure and hypotension induced by right ventricular (RV) pacing. The reported incidence of pacemaker syndrome likely approaches 20% in rate modulated ventricular-based (VVIR) pacing [1]. Over the last three decades the understa... | 16943933 | PMC1502063 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 4(4):195-200 |
Case report
The patient is a 65 year old man with a history of chronic renal insufficiency, dyslipidemia, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease status post myocardial infarction in 1994. He was revascularized with 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting on 3/12/02 after he developed ... | 16943935 | PMC1502064 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 4(4):213-216 |
Introduction
Idiopathic sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) accounts for 10-20% of patients with sustained monomorphic VT [1]. More than a half of idiopathic VTs originates from right ventricle especially from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and the remainder from the left ventricle (LV). Idiopathic verap... | 16943936 | PMC1502065 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 4(4):217-220 |
The QT interval represents the time required for completion of both ventricular depolarization and repolarisation and has been a parameter of particular interest [1]. Certain drugs have the ability to delay cardiac repolarization manifested as QT interval prolongation. This creates an electrophysiological environment t... | 16943929 | PMC1502066 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2004 Oct 1; 4(4):156-161 |
The Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac electrical disorder occurring in the absence of obvious structural heart disease, initially defined by the association of right bundle branch block, ST elevation in right precordial leads and sudden cardiac death related to polymorphic ventricular tachycardias [1].
In Bruga... | 16943940 | PMC1502067 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):25-34 |
Introduction
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was first described by Erichsen in 1842 [1]. It is known as a fatal cardiac arrhythmia that can cause sudden death. This life-threatening VF has drawn the strong attention of a number of investigators for over a century. The study of VF induction can be traced back to the o... | 16943942 | PMC1502068 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):43-50 |
Study of U waves has been more of academic importance rather than clinical application. Negative U waves when present may be of immense clinical importance. We describe here one such case where U waves were not only an early noninvasive marker for acute ischemia but they also disappeared after successful revascularizat... | 16943944 | PMC1502069 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):63-65 |
Pacemapping (PM) is an electrophysiologic technique designed to help locating tachycardia sources by stimulating at different endocardial sites in order to reproduce the clinical tachycardia characteristics. A recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) during the clinical tachycardia has been conventionally used as reference. Ye... | 16943941 | PMC1502070 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):35-42 |
Introduction
An estimated 80,000-100,000 radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures are performed in the United States each year [1]. Approximately 1% of these are performed on pediatric patients at centers that contribute data to the Pediatric Radiofrequency Registry [2]. Previous reports from this registry have demons... | 16943943 | PMC1502071 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):51-62 |
Introduction
Several reports demonstrated the existence of double tachycardia such as atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) [1-3], or AVNRT and atrial tachycardia (AT)4, but coexistence of four different type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in the s... | 16943945 | PMC1502072 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):66-70 |
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) constitutes the most common sustained arrhythmia [1, 2]. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs in 10% to 40% of patients undergoing open-heart surgery [3, 4]. Postoperative AF is associated with stroke and a prolonged hospital stay [5]... | 16943938 | PMC1502073 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):5-11 |
From surgical to catheter-based cryoablation
In the 80’s, epicardial cryoablation was introduced in antiarrhythmic surgery for ablation of accessory pathways by Klein et al [1]. A hand-held cryoprobe was applied at the site where intraoperative mapping localized the arrhythmogenic substrate. The probe was refrigerated... | 16943939 | PMC1502074 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:18 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Jan 1; 5(1):12-24 |
Introduction
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the main mechanism of sudden cardiac death. Clinical factors such as hypoxemia, acidosis or electrolyte imbalance, drug-related toxicity, autonomic nervous system disorders as well as viral myocarditis have been proposed to be associated with sudden cardiac death particular... | 16943953 | PMC1502075 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):139-145 |
Case Report
A 33-year-old man with fever due to common cold was referred to our hospital with suspicion of having an acute coronary syndrome. Three hours before admission, the patient with complaints of fever, chills, sore throat, was admitted to a local hospital, where the temperature was 38.7°C and his electrocardiog... | 16943954 | PMC1502076 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):146-148 |
Definition
Since 1995, according to the World Health Organisation’s classification of cardiomyopathies, Naxos disease has been considered as the recessive form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) [1]. It is a stereotype association of ARVD/C with a cutaneous phenotype, characterised by... | 16943947 | PMC1502077 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):76-80 |
Introduction
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD) is a disorder characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, frequent ventricular tachycardia originating from the right ventricle and right heart failure. It was originally described by Fontaine et al during su... | 16943948 | PMC1502078 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):81-85 |
Introduction
Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has been established as an effective and curative therapy for ventricular tachycardias (VTs) or symptomatic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the outflow tract (OT-VT/PVCs) in structurally normal hearts [1-6]. Recenty, idiopathic OT-VT/PVCs ori... | 16943950 | PMC1502079 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):96-105 |
Introduction
Double tachycardia, defined as the simultaneous occurrence of atrial and ventricular [1,2] or junctional and ventricular tachycardia (VT) [3], has been rarely reported and usually occurs in patients with poor left ventricular function or in association with digitalis intoxication [1,2,4,5]. The coexistence... | 16943955 | PMC1502080 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):149-154 |
Introduction
Bundle branch reentrant (BBR) tachycardia is a form of ventricular tachycardia (VT) incorporating both bundle branches into the reentry circuit. Another variant of the His-Purkinje macro-reentry utilizing ramifications of the left bundle branch is referred to as interfascicular reentrant tachycardia.
Reen... | 16943949 | PMC1502081 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):86-95 |
Introduction
It is estimated that 10% of patients who present with ventricular tachycardia (VT) have no obvious structural heart disease [1]. An absence of structural heart disease is usually suggested if an electrocardiogram (ECG) (except in Brugada syndrome and long QT syndrome [LQTS]), echocardiogram, and coronary a... | 16943951 | PMC1502082 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):106-121 |
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium, characterized by dilatation of all four chambers of the heart, but primarily the left ventricle, with associated systolic dysfunction. The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy is 5 - 8 / 100,000 / year [1,2]. In an international heart fa... | 16943952 | PMC1502083 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:19 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005 Apr 1; 5(2):122-138 |
Background
Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA is an essential biological functional and regulatory component in higher eukaryotic cells. It increases the complexity of biological processes and gives the cells enhanced capability to respond to various factors, such as developmental changes and environmental stimu... | 16603076 | PMC1502129 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:01 | no | Theor Biol Med Model. 2006 Apr 7; 3:19 |
Disease name and synonyms
Premature ovarian failure (POF; POF1: OMIM 311360); Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure; Menopausa precoce.
Included diseases
POF2 (OMIM #300511); POF3 (OMIM #608996)
Definition
Premature ovarian failure is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche (primary amenorrhe... | 16722528 | PMC1502130 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:24 | no | Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Apr 6; 1:9 |
Introduction
Ebola and Marburg viruses are members of the Filoviridae family of the order Mononegavirales. Both viruses are associated with recurrent outbreaks of deadly hemorrhagic fevers with mortality rates as high as 90% [1,2]. Currently, there are no approved vaccines, nor treatments for Ebola virus (EBOV) infecti... | 16719918 | PMC1502131 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:35 | no | Virol J. 2006 May 23; 3:31 |
Background
The literature related to area-level effects, particularly socioeconomic disadvantage, on public health outcomes has grown substantially in recent years [1-18]. Research in perinatal health has demonstrated modest but consistent effects of neighborhood-level socioeconomic disparities in key pregnancy outcome... | 16707017 | PMC1502132 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:28 | no | Int J Health Geogr. 2006 May 17; 5:22 |
Background
Humans are different from other mammals in that we have 3 common alleles of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE): the ε2 (APOE2), ε3 (APOE3), and ε4 (APOE4) alleles [1]. Numerous genetic studies have associated inheritance of APOE4 with increased risk, earlier onset, or poorer clinical outcome for a number of ne... | 16603079 | PMC1502133 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:10 | no | J Neuroinflammation. 2006 Apr 7; 3:10 |
In 1942, the first U.S. patient with streptococcal infection was miraculously cured with a small dose of penicillin. Sixty years later, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus is widespread. Such antimicrobial resistance threatens the health of many throughout the world, since both old and new infectious diseases remain a f... | 16603071 | PMC1502134 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:35 | no | Global Health. 2006 Apr 7; 2:6 |
Background
Infertility affects 10 to 15% of couples with up to half of fertility problems having a genetic etiology [1]. A major type of infertility is characterized by impaired production of germ cells. Germ cell development begins with the appearance of primordial germ cells at the early stage of embryogenesis. These... | 16759351 | PMC1502135 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:36 | no | Cell Div. 2006 Apr 7; 1:4 |
Background
Sponges are nerveless and muscleless multicellular animals, which emerged early during the evolution of the metazoa [1]. Therefore, sponges represent valuable model systems to conclude upon a hypothetical Urmetazoa, from which the metazoan bodyplan evolved [2-4]. Despite the fact, that sponges do not posses ... | 16643651 | PMC1502136 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:06 | no | Front Zool. 2006 Apr 27; 3:7 |
Introduction
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the U.S., with over a million new cases of the two most common forms, squamous and basal cell carcinoma, anticipated in 2004 [1]. The more clinically aggressive form, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [2], has been increasing in incidence since the 1... | 16603078 | PMC1502137 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:43 | no | Mol Cancer. 2006 Apr 7; 5:15 |
Background
Adenovirus is the most common external ocular viral infection worldwide[1]. Although not permanently blinding, ocular adenoviral infections are associated with significant patient morbidity, including symptomatic distress, and corneal changes causing visual disturbances that can last months to years. About o... | 16753060 | PMC1502138 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:05 | no | BMC Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun 5; 6:22 |
Background
IL-21 has potent immunomodulatory effects on T cells and NK cells [1]. However, the current understanding of the effects of IL-21 on the regulation of both antigen-independent homeostatic and antigen-stimulated proliferation and activation of naive and memory CD8+ T cells is confounded by conflicting data. I... | 16772043 | PMC1502139 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:37 | no | J Transl Med. 2006 Jun 13; 4:24 |
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