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Introduction
Based on the hypothesis that information on local wall shear stress (WSS) patterns has a prognostic value with respect to the progression and risk of coronary artery disease, in vivo profiling of the endothelial shear stress in coronary arteries has been performed recently in several studies [1-7]. Publish... | 16774680 | PMC1513234 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:57 | no | Biomed Eng Online. 2006 Jun 14; 5:39 |
Background
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among bloodstream isolates is considered a significant problem worldwide [1,2]. This is especially true in some areas including the countries of Southern Europe where a considerable proportion of pathogens are resistant to antibiotics of several classes [3]. Although antim... | 16776825 | PMC1513235 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:22 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 15; 6:99 |
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global epidemic despite widespread awareness and effective prevention and therapy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has had a devastating effect on the TB epidemic. In South Africa an estimated two million people are co-infected, as are 60% of all patients with n... | 16772037 | PMC1513236 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:22 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 13; 6:97 |
Background
On 22 June 2005 the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia voted to establish an inquiry into workplace harm related to toxic dust and emerging technologies (including nanoparticles). The inquiry has become known as the "White" Inquiry after Mr Richard White, a financially uncompensated sufferer of industri... | 16780594 | PMC1513237 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:27 | no | Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 2006 Jun 17; 3:7 |
Background
Data comparison between EUROCARE and SEER database provided evidence that colorectal cancer survival in United States of America is higher than in European countries [1]. Survival differences were maintained irrespectively of which European Nation was compared, and were much higher when Eastern European coun... | 16756674 | PMC1513238 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Gastroenterol. 2006 Jun 6; 6:18 |
Background
The need for individual consent for the secondary analysis of existing data or for the use of data in clinical registries for a broad, long-range research agenda is highly contentious. Some researchers have called for a waiver of consent requirements for minimal risk research, arguing that obtaining individu... | 16716233 | PMC1513239 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:00 | no | BMC Med Ethics. 2006 May 23; 7:6 |
Background
Recently, noradrenergic systems have been identified as a potential teratogenic target underlying the functional effects of prenatal cocaine [1-3]. However, information regarding the consequences of prenatal cocaine on the development of noradrenergic receptors is relatively sparse. NE is present early in br... | 16620392 | PMC1513240 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Neurosci. 2006 Apr 18; 7:33 |
Background
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient particulate air pollution (particulate matter or PM) is associated with many health effects [1-3], which include premature death, increased hospitalization for cardiopulmonary diseases, airway complaints, and reduced lung function. Although estimate... | 16700918 | PMC1513241 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:26 | no | Part Fibre Toxicol. 2006 May 15; 3:7 |
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest malignancies of developed countries [1], with approximately 19,000 and 160,000 new cases in the UK and US, respectively, each year, and around 500,000 new cases world-wide [2,3]. CRC tumourigenesis is a multi-step phenomenon, typified by a series of genomic eve... | 16753067 | PMC1513242 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Jun 5; 6:150 |
Background
Invasive vulvar carcinoma of all stages is usually treated by radical vulvectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy. However, such an extensive surgical procedure has a high morbidity. In younger women, severe psychologic stress is caused by this hugely deforming operation, as sexual function and body image are d... | 16774683 | PMC1513243 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Jun 14; 6:157 |
Background
Folate antimetabolites play a central role as anticancer agents. In mammalian tissues, intracellular folates and antifolates exist as poly-γ-glutamates with typical chains ranging from five to nine residues [1-3]. Polyglutamation is catalyzed by folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS) and results in increase... | 16707018 | PMC1513244 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 May 17; 6:132 |
Background
Mammaglobin A (secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2 – SCGB2A2) and lipophilin B (secretoglobin, family 1D, member 2 – SCGB1D2) are members of the secretoglobin superfamily, a group of small, secretory, rarely glycosylated, dimeric proteins with unclear physiologic functions, mainly expressed in mucosal tissues... | 16603086 | PMC1513245 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Apr 9; 6:88 |
Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-activated transcription factors exerting several functions in development and metabolism. There are 3 major PPAR isoforms; α,β/δ and γ and each has distinct agonist binding properties and different regulation of expression resulting in distinct di... | 16672050 | PMC1513246 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 May 3; 6:113 |
Background
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder affecting an estimated 15 – 22% of western populations, and is the major cause of referrals to gastroenterology clinics in the western world [1]. The symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urgency to have a bowel movement, a feeling of incomplete ... | 16762076 | PMC1513247 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:38 | no | Nutr J. 2006 Jun 8; 5:16 |
Background
For a long time a rather neglected resource of health systems, the health workforce – or human resources for health (HRH) – has recently been receiving increased attention from the international health community. The HRH shortage is now being identified as one of the major challenges for improving health in ... | 16737544 | PMC1513248 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:15 | no | Hum Resour Health. 2006 May 31; 4:13 |
Background
The human opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a major cause of infectious-related mortality among the critically ill patients, and carriers the highest case fatality rate of all gram-negative infections [1]. Although the lungs have been traditionally considered to be a major site of P. aerugin... | 16762075 | PMC1513249 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:38 | no | Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2006 Jun 8; 5:14 |
Background
A cluster randomized trial involves randomizing social units or clusters of individuals rather than the individuals themselves. This design, which is increasingly being used for evaluating healthcare, screening and educational interventions presents specific constraints that must be considered during plannin... | 16611355 | PMC1513250 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:56 | no | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006 Apr 12; 6:17 |
Background
Despite major breakthroughs in the development of new vaccines over the past two decades, the gap in access to vaccines between wealthy and poorer countries has widened. As a result, immunization schedules offer more vaccines in high-income countries than in those with low income [1]. Children in low-income ... | 16725026 | PMC1513251 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:21 | no | Trials. 2006 May 25; 7:17 |
Background
There is only minor potential for cell renewal in the adult myocardium [1]. Loss of myocardial cells due to cardiac disease results in impairment of cardiac contractile and electrical function, and despite currently available medical therapies the mortality rate remains substantial and worsens with deteriora... | 16756651 | PMC1513252 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:08 | no | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006 Jun 6; 6:25 |
Background
Maternal and newborn mortality rates remain unacceptably high in the developing world. Most births and newborn deaths occur outside health facilities, so behaviour change in relation to home care practices and care-seeking behaviour is an essential component of any strategy to reduce deaths. We reported prev... | 16776818 | PMC1513253 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:38 | no | BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2006 Jun 15; 6:20 |
Background
This paper broadly discusses the role of State in the context of human rights and the health system of Bangladesh. Section I conceptualizes the interrelation between human rights, health and development. Section II analyses the health system development in Bangladesh. Section III discusses how the health sys... | 16611360 | PMC1513254 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:57 | no | BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2006 Apr 12; 6:4 |
Background
Vampire bats are the only mammals that feed exclusively on blood. The common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, is one of three vampire species (Fig. 1a). Typically, D. rotundus only feeds on a single prey animal on any one night. The blood meal lasts from 10 min up to 1 hour during which time the vampire bat d... | 16780579 | PMC1513255 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:17 | no | BMC Biol. 2006 Jun 16; 4:18 |
Background
DNA microarray technology is designed to measure the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. As an important application of this novel technology, the gene expression data are used to determine and predict the state of tissue samples, which has shown to be very helpful in clinical onc... | 16774678 | PMC1513256 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jun 14; 7:299 |
Background
Microarray experiments provide a rapid method for directly profiling the expression pattern of an entire gene repertoire in a genome. This experimental approach has become routine for the en masse identification of genes associated with different biological processes. We have developed a multifunctional, use... | 16780584 | PMC1513257 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Jun 16; 7:307 |
Background
The environmental sequencing of the Sargasso Sea [1] has raised expectations in fields as diverse as marine ecology and energy conservation. As a result of the work a huge new resource of genomic information, comprising more than one million distinct protein sequences from an estimated 1,800 new species, has... | 16623953 | PMC1513258 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Apr 19; 7:213 |
Background
T lymphocytes recognize a complex between a specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule and a particular pathogen-derived epitope. Thus, a given epitope will elicit a response only in individuals that express an MHC molecule capable of binding that particular epitope, explaining to a large exten... | 16545123 | PMC1513259 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Mar 17; 7:153 |
Background
Gene regulation is an intricate, dynamic phenomenon essential for all biological functions including cell metabolism, development, and response to environmental stress and pathogen attack. Primary actors include transcription factors (TFs), which recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences in gene promoters... | 16630346 | PMC1513260 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:25 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Apr 21; 7:218 |
Introduction
Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), a member of the family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Case-fatality rates for ZEBOV infection in humans are the highest among known viral hemorrhagic fevers, ranging from 70% to 90% [1–3]. On the basis of in ... | 16848640 | PMC1513261 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 12:21:58 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e73 |
Introduction
Francisella tularensis, causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen. There are four different subspecies of F. tularensis. The F. tularensis subspecies tularensis is the most virulent of the four with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) less than 10 colony forming uni... | 16848641 | PMC1513262 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:32 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e71 |
Introduction
Aging is marked by the gradual decline of a multitude of physiological functions leading to an increasing probability of death. Some aging-related changes affect one's appearance, such as wrinkled skin, whereas others affect organ function, such as decreased kidney filtration rate and decreased muscular st... | 16789832 | PMC1513263 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 07:59:40 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e115 |
Introduction
The most common and pervasive human health problems, including heart disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancer, result from the complex interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Disease states are often associated with multiple, correlated traits, referred to as subphenotypes. The abilit... | 16848643 | PMC1513264 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 07:59:41 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e114 |
Introduction
In contrast to DNA-repair pathways, DNA damage tolerance (DDT) is characterized by bypass of DNA lesions rather than their direct removal or repair. The DDT pathway is likely responsible for the ability of cells to continue to proliferate with tremendous amounts of damage in their genomes [1]. The genetic ... | 16789823 | PMC1513265 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 07:59:40 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e116 |
Introduction
Extensive molecular data on mammalian genomes have led recently to the proposal of a new phylogenetic tree for Eutherians, which encompasses four super-orders: Afrotheria (elephants, manatees, hyraxes, tenrecs, aardvark, and elephant shrews); Xenarthra (sloths, anteaters, and armadillos); Euarchontoglires ... | 16848642 | PMC1513266 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 07:59:41 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e109 |
Introduction
“Guilt-by-association,” the assumption that genes with similar expression patterns participate in common cellular functions, drives a growing body of effort to extract cellular pathways from microarray data [1–4]. The general tenet is that genes encoding proteins participating in a common pathway will disp... | 16854212 | PMC1513268 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 09:18:25 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e89 |
Introduction
The organization of neural systems is shaped by multiple constraints, ranging from limits placed by physical and chemical laws to diverse functional requirements. In particular, it is of interest to identify factors influencing the layout of neural connectivity networks. One prominent idea is that the esta... | 16848638 | PMC1513269 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:18:25 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e95 |
Introduction
Experiments Peek at Complete Protein–Protein Networks
The faster large-scale sequencing projects determine the alphabet of life, the higher the pressure to determine some of the actual processes that make life what it is. The understanding of functional relations among all proteins is essential to understa... | 16854211 | PMC1513270 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:38 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e79 |
Introduction
Enumerating the human population of a country or region through a census is an ancient problem that is complicated by the challenges inherent in accurately representing a large and often inaccessible population. The same issues manifest in censuses of microbial communities, but are intensified by greater c... | 16848637 | PMC1513271 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:39 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e92 |
Introduction
Neuronal electrical activity is governed by ion fluxes. Whereas intracellular currents are primarily determined by the cell morphology and its electrical passive properties, the major components of the electrical activity of a neuron are transmembrane currents driven by gated ionic channels present all ove... | 16848639 | PMC1513272 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:39 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e94 |
Introduction
The ability of eukaryotic cells to process nonisotropic extracellular stimuli lies at the heart of many aspects of cellular behavior including directed cell growth, movement, and cell-cell communication [1–4]. When an external stimulus is localized to a discrete patch of membrane, for example, during conta... | 16854213 | PMC1513273 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 09:18:25 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Jul 21; 2(7):e82 |
Schwartz makes a number of claims regarding our methodology (Trasande et al. 2005) that are inaccurate and based on a selective reading of the literature.
In our article (Trasande et al. 2005), we estimated the health and economic consequences of prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure
in the 2000 U.S. birth cohort. Ou... | 0 | PMC1513291 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A400-A401 |
A line of text was inadvertently omitted from the June 2006 Innovations
article (“Plant vs. Pathogen: Enlisting Tobacco in the Fight
Against Anthrax,” EHP 114:A364–A367 [2006]). The last sentence on page A365 should read: “The current anthrax
vaccine works on this very principle by introducing nonvirulent PA
into the b... | 0 | PMC1513292 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A401 |
The principle of causality, so deeply embedded in humans’ minds
that it has been thought of as immediately evident, is the very foundation
not only of all three monotheistic world religions but also of the
first staggering steps of science [de nihilo nihil (nothing can be born of nothing); Lucretius 1951]. Hume (1739) ... | 16835045 | PMC1513293 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):969-974 |
Californians frustrated with what they consider the FDA’s loose
control over cosmetic safety have taken matters into their own hands
with the country’s first state cosmetics regulatory act, which
takes effect in January 2007. The California Safe Cosmetics Act of 2005 will
require manufacturers to report the use of pote... | 16835040 | PMC1513294 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A402 |
Numerous studies concerning the health-related effects of environmental
toxicants demonstrate that the immune system, in addition to other organ
systems including the reproductive, nervous, pulmonary, and circulatory
systems, is often compromised (Carpy et al. 2000; Costa 1997). Our understanding of such adverse immuno... | 16835059 | PMC1513295 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):1059-1064 |
If knowledge is power, as the proverb goes, then the EPA’s Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI) is a powerful tool indeed. Firefighters and
first responders used this nearly 20-year-old public database of toxic
chemical emissions to identify potential contamination hot spots after
the floods of Hurricane Katrina. Residents h... | 16835043 | PMC1513296 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A420-A423 |
Speculation that the environment plays a role in the development of autism
primarily comes from two observations: a) although concordance among monozygotic twins is high, it is not perfect, and
a specific “autism gene” or set of genes has not
yet been identified; and b) the prevalence of autism is higher than previousl... | 16835036 | PMC1513297 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A396 |
Endometriosis may be related to exposure to persistent pollutants such
as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), according to research published in
the May 2006 issue of Chemosphere. This gynecological disorder linked to infertility afflicts 10% of
U.S. women of reproductive age. Researchers measured blood PCB levels
in wom... | 0 | PMC1513298 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A404a |
Among the many uses of bisphenol A (BPA) is the manufacture of resin-based
dental composites and sealants. Recently a team of researchers from
the CDC sank their teeth into questions about whether BPA monomer leaching
from sealants could be harmful to people. The results of their
human study, presented in the March 200... | 0 | PMC1513299 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A404b |
In recent years, many observers have advocated the adoption of a new paradigm
in the environmental health sciences—a shift toward a sharper
focus on understanding human disease and improving human health
by integrating knowledge from environmental health research with that
from the broad spectrum of medical research. W... | 16835037 | PMC1513300 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A398 |
Advances in Genetics
Jeffrey Hall, ed.
Burlington, MA:Elsevier, 2006. 224 pp. ISBN: 0-12-017656-4, $149.95
Artists-in-Labs: Processes of Inquiry
Jill Scott, ed.
New York:Springer, 2006. 136 pp. ISBN: 3-211-27957-1, $25.95
Bioinformatics: Genomics and Post-Genomics
Frédéric Dardel, François Képès
Hoboken, NJ:Joh... | 0 | PMC1513301 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A440 |
In 1995, parents of children with autism joined together to form the nonprofit
organization Cure Autism Now (CAN). Since then, its membership
has grown to include clinicians and scientists committed to accelerating
the pace of biomedical research in autism. CAN raises and distributes
funds for research on the causes, p... | 0 | PMC1513302 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A405 |
If genetics research is ever to fulfill its promise of revolutionizing
medicine, genotypes must be linked to phenotypes—that is, individual
genomic characteristics must be identified and associated with
outcomes in the forms of disease susceptibility and/or development; individual
responses to drugs, infectious agents,... | 16835041 | PMC1513303 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A406-A407 |
Turning water into wine may be among the most venerable of miracles, but
for Greg Allgood, the real miracle has been turning dirty water into
drinkable water. He once wowed an audience in a Malawi village, where
hundreds of inhabitants along with the country’s Minister of
Health watched him transform a sample of the on... | 16835044 | PMC1513304 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A424-A427 |
Case reports have suggested that exposure to the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria may contribute to deficits in human learning and memory. Until now, however, there
has been no clear, objective documentation of health effects
associated with regular occupational exposure to this organism. The
results of the first systematic, ... | 0 | PMC1513305 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A429b |
Many people find it hard to fit professional development and continuing
education into their busy work lives. Now help is just a mouse-click
away for nurses seeking flexible, self-paced training in the growing field
of environmental genetics. The Community Outreach and Education Core (COEC) of
the Center for Environmen... | 16865820 | PMC1513306 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A410 |
In their letter to EHP, McEwen and Renner (2006) dismissed the findings of Swan et al. (2005), who reported a significant relationship between a measure of anogenital
distance (AGD) in boys and levels of phthalate metabolites in their
mothers’ urine during pregnancy. AGD is a sexually dimorphic
index that, on average, ... | 16835039 | PMC1513307 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A399a |
Walking outside on a day when ozone levels are at “code orange” doesn’t
bother one person, but for someone else, it can
result in chest pain, coughing, wheezing, or lung and nasal congestion. Why? Polymorphisms, tiny interindividual variations in genes, may
be part of the reason. Providing a pool of information to help... | 16865819 | PMC1513308 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A408-A409 |
It has long been suspected that cutaneous endorphins are produced during
exposure to UV light. Now research published in the April 2006 issue
of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology suggests that frequent users of tanning beds may become addicted to these
endorphins. Moreover, blocking the effects of the ... | 0 | PMC1513309 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A403a |
In his letter, Weiss misrepresents the arguments presented in our letter (McEwen and Renner 2006) regarding the study of Swan et al. (2005). We pointed out that a value for “normal” anogenital distance (AGD) is
not known and that without this information, “abnormal” AGD
values cannot be determined. Swan et al. (2005) m... | 0 | PMC1513310 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A399b |
De Jaco A, Comoletti D, Kovarik Z, Gaietta G, Radiæ Z, Lockridge
O, et al. 2006. A mutation linked with autism reveals a common mechanism
of endoplasmic reticulum retention for the α,β-hydrolase
fold protein family. J Biol Chem 281:9667–9676.
Currently, there is only very limited information available on the etiology
... | 0 | PMC1513311 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A409 |
The etiology of a medical condition might seem an unlikely subject to arouse
intense feelings. Yet few medical disorders have stirred up as much
passion and divisiveness among scientists and the general public as
autism has in recent years. The heat of the controversy has even attracted
attention from periodicals such ... | 16835042 | PMC1513312 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:42 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A412-A418 |
Now Broadcasting: green.tv
green.tv, the world’s first Internet-based broadband channel dedicated
to environmental issues, started broadcasting in March 2006 from
its website at http://www.green.tv/. The channel, developed with support from UNEP, is also available as a
podcast on iTunes. green.tv will carry films from ... | 0 | PMC1513313 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A403b-A405 |
Trasande et al. (2005) concluded that pre-natal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is reducing children’s
IQs (intelligence quotients), costing $8.7 billion/year. They
achieved this high estimate a) by assuming that IQ reductions occur at MeHg exposures near or even below
the 5.8 μg/L reference dose (RfD), although there is... | 16835038 | PMC1513314 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A399c-A400 |
The NIH has recently established a highly interactive consortium of 11 research
groups on Enhancing Development of Genome-wide Association Methods (ENDGAME) to advance the utility of genome-wide association studies. The
consortium (funded by the NHLBI, NIEHS, NCI, NHGRI, and NIGMS) brings
together expertise in genetics... | 0 | PMC1513315 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A431 |
The most clearly established environmental risk factor for childhood brain
cancer is therapeutic radiation exposure (not including diagnostic
X-rays). New research now suggests that children of mothers who lived
near an EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facility while pregnant may
be more likely to later develop brain... | 0 | PMC1513316 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A428a |
Institutional Patient-Oriented Career Development Programs in the Environmental
Health Sciences (K12)
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is committed
to the support and early career promotion of new researchers who
will serve in leadership roles to promote the understanding of the impact
of... | 0 | PMC1513317 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A432-A433 |
There is significant concern about exposure of the fetus to environmental
pollutants, food additives, and drugs, which may reach the fetus through
the mother and affect the brain at critical stages of development. The
developing central nervous system (CNS) is much more susceptible
to chemical exposures than the adult ... | 16835067 | PMC1513318 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 6; 114(7):1113-1118 |
Mold seems ubiquitous: it permeates spaces made damp by leaking water lines, faulty
roofs, or storm flooding. Although no one contests that its
slimy presence is a general nuisance, its related adverse health effects
have been the subject of some controversy. Now researchers at Michigan
State University’s Center for In... | 0 | PMC1513319 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A428b |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent synthetic organic chemical
pollutants found in air, water, sediments, and soil. Because of concern
over their toxicity and persistence in the environment, the manufacture
of PCBs was banned in the United States in 1977, resulting in
declines in environmental PCB levels (L... | 16835064 | PMC1513320 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 23; 114(7):1092-1098 |
A wide range of chemicals produced either directly or indirectly as a result
of human activities have contributed to the contamination of aquatic
food chains around the world. Marine mammals occupying high trophic
levels in aquatic food webs are often contaminated with relatively
high concentrations of persistent organ... | 16835054 | PMC1513321 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 16; 114(7):1024-1031 |
Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure remains widespread in the United
States (Barr et al. 2004; Bradman et al. 2005; Hill et al. 1995; Loewenherz et al. 1997; Simcox et al. 1999). Pregnant women, fetuses, and children in both urban (Berkowitz et al. 2003; Whyatt et al. 2003) and rural agricultural populations (Esken... | 16835048 | PMC1513322 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 2; 114(7):985-991 |
Pulp and paper production workers have been exposed to a complex mixture
of hazardous substances, including known or suspected carcinogens such
as wood dust, various wood extracts and associated bioaerosols, reduced
sulfur compounds, talc, formaldehyde, combustion products, epichlorohydrin, acid
mists, auramine and oth... | 16835051 | PMC1513323 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):1007-1012 |
Studies published during the last decades have indicated that the birth
prevalence of cryptorchidism may have increased in some regions (Berkowitz et al. 1995; Boisen et al. 2004; John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group 1992; Pierik et al. 2004; Thong et al. 1998). Genetic factors may contribute to these fin... | 16835070 | PMC1513324 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):1133-1138 |
Both observational studies and controlled-chamber studies have been used
to assess acute effects of air pollution on lung function in adults
engaged in exercise or work (Aris et al. 1991; Avol et al. 1984; Brunekreef et al. 1994; Folinsbee et al. 1984, 1988; Gong et al. 1986; Hazucha 1987; Horstman et al. 1990; Kinney ... | 16835057 | PMC1513325 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 9; 114(7):1044-1052 |
Southwest (SW) Taiwan has been the site for health studies for more than 45 years, initially
because of the discovery of a unique peripheral
vascular disease, blackfoot disease (BFD), that led to gangrenous amputation
of the extremities and later because of the associations between
high arsenic levels in local artesian... | 16835062 | PMC1513326 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):1077-1082 |
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particles (< 1.0 μm in
diameter) and combustion gases. These particles have organic compounds
adsorbed on an elemental carbon core that may be inhaled deep into
the lung. Regulation of diesel-exhaust exposure in the United States has
been largely based on its potential to be a hum... | 16835052 | PMC1513327 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 30; 114(7):1013-1017 |
Substantial epidemiologic evidence links particulate air pollution to adverse
acute cardiovascular health effects. Associations are generally
consistent across studies and robust to adjustment by smoking, weather, and
seasonality (Brook et al. 2004). Although the biologic mechanisms behind these associations remain unc... | 16835049 | PMC1513328 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):992-998 |
Autism is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments
in social interaction, abnormalities in verbal and nonverbal communication, and
restricted, stereotyped interests and behaviors (American Psychiatric Association 1994). Although a large proportion of individuals with autism manifest abnormal
d... | 16835068 | PMC1513329 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 6; 114(7):1119-1125 |
Perchlorate is an inorganic compound that has been manufactured and used
as a solid rocket fuel for several decades. Initial detection of perchlorate
in drinking waters was associated with proximity to military
and industrial sites where the compound was produced, stored, and/or used. More
recent data collection effort... | 16835046 | PMC1513330 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 16; 114(7):975-979 |
Modern animal husbandry in the United States and other parts of the world
has evolved the swine industry from one that was pasture based into
a system based predominantly upon confinement and concentration of animals (Perez-Trallero and Zigorraga 1995; Scarpino and Quinn 1998). Most current animal production facilities... | 16835055 | PMC1513331 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):1032-1037 |
It is estimated that more than 14.5 million people in the contiguous United
States live within 1 mi of at least one Superfund site (Heitgerd and Lee 2003). Common contaminants at these sites include heavy metals, volatile organic
compounds, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Many of these substances
are present at elevated ... | 16835060 | PMC1513332 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 30; 114(7):1065-1071 |
Thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based compound used for decades as a vaccine
preservative, has previously been linked to neurotoxic effects. New
research reveals that it may also affect the immune system by altering
how dendritic cells respond to biochemical signals [EHP 114:1083–1091; Goth et al.].
Dendritic cells are in... | 0 | PMC1513333 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul; 114(7):A429a |
Recent animal and human studies have underscored the strong influence of
genetic, epigenetic, and physiologic factors in defining susceptibility
of the immune system to methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg) (Havarinasab and Hultman 2005; Lawler et al. 2004; Silbergeld et al. 2005). Immune dysregulation triggered... | 16835063 | PMC1513334 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 21; 114(7):1083-1091 |
Numerous adverse human health effects have been attributed to damp indoor
air environments generated by aberrant water exposure due to excessive
condensation and failure of water-use devices, as well as building
envelope breach during heavy rains or flooding, as occurred during Hurricanes
Katrina and Rita on the Gulf C... | 16835065 | PMC1513335 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):1099-1107 |
Environmental conditions and exposures affect health and contribute to
chronic disease morbidity and mortality of importance in the United States [Institute of Medicine (IOM) 1988, 2003; Kindig et al. 2003; Lee and Paxman 1997; McGinnis et al. 2002; Rosenstock 2003]. Monitoring of environmental factors is usually direc... | 16835047 | PMC1513336 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 27; 114(7):980-984 |
Geographic modeling, using emissions data and transport models, strives
to create the equivalent of a hypothetical, ideal monitoring system that
would have measured the concentration of pollutants at all locations
and times in the medium and domain under study (Beyea and Hatch 1999). Such models, which are becoming inc... | 16835058 | PMC1513337 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):1053-1058 |
There have been several studies on the short-term effects of air pollution
on hospital admissions (Burnett et al. 1997a, 1997b; Le Tertre et al. 2002; Pope 2000; Samet et al. 2000), but most have examined single cities. Such single-city studies have
been criticized for being applicable only to the city under study and
... | 16835053 | PMC1513338 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):1018-1023 |
A well-established body of evidence now shows that increasing levels of
air pollution are linked with more illness, higher use of health services, and
earlier death among the exposed population groups (Brunekreef and Holgate 2002). Recently, five disciplinary reports by AIRNET (Thematic Network on Air
Pollution and Hea... | 16835066 | PMC1513339 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 15; 114(7):1108-1112 |
Children < 3 years of age, and especially in their first year, are at
greatest risk of serious respiratory illnesses (Phelan et al. 1994). Studies from industrialized areas indicate that the rate of childhood
lower respiratory illness (LRI) peaks during the first year of life. Globally, particularly
in developing count... | 16835069 | PMC1513340 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 28; 114(7):1126-1132 |
People are exposed to cadmium—a widespread nephrotoxic pollutant—via
food and tobacco smoking. The first sign of renal effects
is tubular damage, characterized by increased urinary excretion of low-molecular-weight
proteins or intracellular tubular enzymes. More important, in
succession to the tubular effects, Cd may a... | 16835061 | PMC1513341 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 18; 114(7):1072-1076 |
In the summer of 1997, a group of watermen (commercial fishermen) working
on the Pocomoke River on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay in
Maryland developed a pattern of neuropsychological deficits marked by
difficulties in learning and memory (Grattan et al. 1998). Initial deficits were profound, with affected ind... | 16835056 | PMC1513342 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:44 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 18; 114(7):1038-1043 |
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are the most widely used pesticides in
the United States, and farmworkers are at high risk for exposure. The
health effects of acute exposure to pesticides are well characterized. Previous
investigations have examined the long-term health effects among
workers after an acute or chronic l... | 16835050 | PMC1513343 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 00:19:43 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul 13; 114(7):999-1006 |
Introduction
Apolipoprotein AV is an important regulator of triglycerides concentrations. The ApoAV gene was identified adjacent to the Apolipoprotein cluster (consisting of ApoAI, ApoAIV and ApoCIII genes) [1,2]. The gene encodes a protein that is thought to be fundamental in the transport of triglyceride rich lipopro... | 16670016 | PMC1513378 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:31 | no | Lipids Health Dis. 2006 May 2; 5:11 |
Background
A recent Institute of Medicine report has brought the problem of medical error under intense scrutiny[1]. While the use of computerized prescription software has been shown to substantially reduce the incidence of medication-related error [2,3], few solutions have demonstrated a similar impact on diagnostic ... | 16646956 | PMC1513379 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:58 | no | BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2006 Apr 28; 6:22 |
Background
Brucellosis is a zoonosis affecting animals and humans worldwide. Brucella infections may result in significant economic losses due to abortion and slaughtering of infected animals. Humans are mainly infected through the consumption of contaminated dairy products or by direct contact with infected animals. I... | 16469109 | PMC1513380 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Microbiol. 2006 Feb 9; 6:9 |
Background
Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium known to be a common pathogen in humans, in domestic animals and in wildlife, is the primary cause of clostridial enteric disease in domestic animals. The complete genome sequence of C. perfringens has been published previously [1]. C. perfringens... | 16737528 | PMC1513381 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Microbiol. 2006 May 31; 6:47 |
Background
The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent form of acute immune-mediated neuropathy. The Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a variant of GBS, affecting mainly the eye muscles [1]. A respiratory or gastro-intestinal infection preceding the neurological symptoms is reported by nearly two-thirds of all... | 16594990 | PMC1513382 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Microbiol. 2006 Apr 4; 6:32 |
Background
Trachoma, a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the commonest infectious cause of blindness. The blinding complications of trachoma are due to progressive scarring of the conjunctiva (trachomatous scarring) eventually leading to in-turning of eyelashes (trichiasis) and corneal op... | 16643654 | PMC1513383 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:32 | no | BMC Med Genet. 2006 Apr 27; 7:40 |
Background
Chest radiography has a long tradition in medical care, however its prescription for screening purposes among healthy individuals is discouraged by public health authorities [1-5]. In fact, due to the low prevalence of tuberculosis in developed countries and the incapability to modify lung cancer-specific mo... | 16646992 | PMC1513384 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:27 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 Apr 29; 6:113 |
Background
In 1992 a cargo aircraft crashed into apartment buildings in a residential area of Amsterdam, killing 43 persons and destroying 266 apartments[1]. Through the years after the disaster, various alleged disaster-related exposures to hazardous materials and health consequences were reported in the media and pub... | 16734887 | PMC1513385 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:13:26 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 May 30; 6:142 |
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