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Introduction
Regular physical activity is important for preventing obesity and other chronic diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer), disabling conditions (e.g., osteoporosis, arthritis) and risk factors for chronic disease (e.g., hypertension, high cholesterol) (1). Despite thes... | 16539788 | PMC1563959 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:31:34 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A47 |
Appalachia is largely rural, and residents have less contact with physicians, lower levels of preventive care, and less health insurance coverage for the nonelderly than the general U.S. population. The incidence of colorectal cancer in Appalachian areas of Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia has been found to be... | 16539773 | PMC1563960 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:20:49 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A32 |
Introduction
Public health promotion programs should be dynamic. They should change based on the findings of previous program activities and emerging research. To effect these changes, public health leaders should collaborate with academic partners to link evaluation findings with local program revisions through a con... | 16539806 | PMC1563961 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:39:45 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A65 |
Introduction
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States (1). Although Hispanic men and women have lower incidence and mortality rates from colorectal cancer than non-Hispanics, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Hispanic men and t... | 16539791 | PMC1563962 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:16:19 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A50 |
Introduction
Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for many chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerotic heart disease (1). Pediatric overweight is an especially severe problem, because its childhood onset increases the overall length of exposure to the detrimental effects of overweight, ... | 16539789 | PMC1563963 | CC BY | 2022-01-25 23:16:17 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A48 |
Since 2002, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) has conducted an annual Community Health Survey (CHS) through which a random-digit–dialed sample of approximately 10,000 adults in 34 New York City neighborhoods are interviewed by telephone. We ask respondents about their health, mental heal... | 16539774 | PMC1563964 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:39:54 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A33 |
To the Editor:
Florida had five hurricanes during 51 days beginning on August 12, 2004. More than 8 million residents lost power; more than 9 million people were evacuated; 368,438 people were housed in general and special-needs shelters; and 117 people died. There were long lines for water and gasoline, many homes an... | 16539807 | PMC1563965 | CC BY | 2022-01-25 23:15:44 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A66 |
Introduction
To address the current public health problem of widespread sedentary behavior among older adults in the United States, numerous initiatives have emerged to promote increased physical activity (PA) (1,2). These are based on substantial evidence of physical and mental health benefits of regular PA for older... | 16539792 | PMC1563966 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:16:30 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A51 |
Introduction
Overweight is quickly becoming one of the defining public health problems of childhood. The severity of the situation is underscored by the younger ages at which overweight is affecting children, putting them at risk for a lifetime of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nat... | 16539790 | PMC1563967 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:15:45 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A49 |
Introduction
Projected demographic changes in the U.S. population suggest that a better understanding of psychiatric disorders among older adults is of vital importance to public health. As summarized elsewhere (1), the combination of a declining birth rate and an increased average life span is expected to increase th... | 16539775 | PMC1563968 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:45:19 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A34 |
To the Editor:
In light of recent research showing that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among American men and women has reached 65% (1), scientific and media attention has been increasingly focused on ways to address this epidemic. One approach has been to increase Americans' physical activity levels, becaus... | 16539808 | PMC1563969 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:20:43 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A67 |
In the article "The Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to Prevent Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases: Monitoring Progress in Funded States," the following sentences had errors:
"According to self-reported weights and heights, all states had overweight rates of less than 20% for adults in 1991 (1). In 2003, the Be... | 0 | PMC1563971 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:39:52 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A70 |
To the Editor:
I educate and consult with health care providers in chronic disease prevention, self-management, and screening. I also work with the Aboriginal Cultural Awareness Program team teaching new staff about Australian Aboriginal culture from a "white-fellas" perspective. The indigenous population of central A... | 16539809 | PMC1563972 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:22:36 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A68 |
Introduction
Excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading "actual" cause of death in the United States (1) and was responsible for 75,000 deaths and 2.3 million years of potential life lost (about 30 years of life lost per death) in 2001 (2). Approximately 30% of current drinkers in the United States drink exces... | 16539794 | PMC1563973 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:22:39 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A53 |
Introduction
More and more people are using the Internet to access health-related information. In 2003, an estimated 93 million Americans used the Internet for this purpose, a 27% increase over 2002 (1,2). People use the Internet because of several favorable features: the convenience of being able to search quickly fo... | 16539777 | PMC1563974 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:24:35 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A36 |
Several types of federal health response teams operate in times of national disaster. Among these are disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs), which are assigned to emergency locations by the Federal Emergency Management Agency through its National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) (1). A DMAT consists of medical and no... | 16539810 | PMC1563975 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:31:28 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A69 |
Introduction
Screen for Life
To increase colorectal cancer screening rates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), developed a national awareness campaign, Screen for Life: National Colore... | 16539795 | PMC1563976 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:45:26 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A54 |
Introduction
Addressing childhood overweight has become a top priority in the United States. Currently, approximately 15% of children in the United States are overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile for age and sex) (1). Overweight among youth is associated with many health conditions, including hyperlipide... | 16539778 | PMC1563977 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:22:51 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A37 |
Introduction
The incidence of colorectal cancer in portions of rural Appalachia has been found to be higher than in much of the United States (1). To reduce this disparity, rural Appalachian communities will need to adapt evidence-based cancer-control strategies for their unique environments, in which barriers include... | 16539796 | PMC1563978 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:31:23 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A55 |
Introduction
Teen stress is a pivotal health issue because of its ability to disrupt an adolescent's capacity to handle the demands of daily life, yet it is often overlooked and is poorly understood. Stress emerges for young people as they enter adolescence, a transition that brings rapid socioemotional changes (1). T... | 16539781 | PMC1563979 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:22:44 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A40 |
Introduction
Currently, 65.7% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m22), and 30.6% are obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m22) (1). Obesity affects quality of life and increases health care costs (2-8). The adult obesity-attributable medical expenditure in the United States in 2003 was estimated at $75 ... | 16539779 | PMC1563980 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:45:10 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A38 |
Introduction
Preventive screening is widely recognized as a key component of cost-effective, high-quality health care. Even so, national screening for cancer, diabetes, and cholesterol falls far short of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations (1). Prior evidence suggests that the likelihood of receiving s... | 16539797 | PMC1563981 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:31:28 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A56 |
Introduction
Smoking bans in public places, whether mandated or voluntary, are effective methods for reducing people's exposure to secondhand smoke (1). In addition to protecting nonsmokers from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke toxins, such policies reduce cigarette smoking and may increase quitting rates among a... | 16539782 | PMC1563982 | CC BY | 2022-01-25 23:20:08 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A41 |
Introduction
One of the challenges in developing and securing resources for the implementation of effective programmatic and policy interventions for population subgroups that have disproportionately high rates of tobacco use or, specifically, cigarette smoking is the limited amount of data on those subgroups. Because... | 16539780 | PMC1563983 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:45:21 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A39 |
Chronic Kidney Disease: A Public Health Problem?
Health problems or conditions become public health issues when four criteria are met (1,2). First, the disease burden is high (i.e., it affects many people, has increased recently, and will likely increase in the future). This burden is experienced in terms of mortality... | 16539798 | PMC1563984 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:22:49 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A57 |
Background
Severe bacterial infections may pass into the bloodstream where endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present on the outer membranes of (gram-negative) bacteria can provoke a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The term sepsis is used to identify the continuum of the clinical response to such a systemic... | 16930474 | PMC1563996 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:30 | no | Thromb J. 2006 Aug 24; 4:13 |
Disease name
Congenital Cataracts Facial Dysmorphism Neuropathy (CCFDN) syndrome
Definition/diagnostic criteria
CCFDN is a complex developmental disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance which, so far, has been found to occur exclusively in patients of Roma (Gypsy) ethnicity [1,2].
Primary diagnostic criteria
• Bil... | 16939648 | PMC1563997 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:23 | no | Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Aug 29; 1:32 |
Background
The adipokine adiponectin (APM) is known to exert anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects [1] but recent studies also describe proinflammatory activities of APM [2,3]. APM is highly abundant in human plasma and is secreted by adipose tissue in inverse relation to the body mass index [1]. APM circul... | 16939660 | PMC1563998 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:11 | no | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006 Aug 30; 5:17 |
Background
Since it was first reported in 1981, the disease has been misrepresented in mass-media as gay scourge, drug-user's Black Death, a punishment on sinful, etc. The list of stigma goes on mainly due to the unique biology of the causative agent which spreads both venereally and by contaminated blood products. The... | 16939652 | PMC1563999 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:54 | no | Virol J. 2006 Aug 29; 3:60 |
Background
The actin cytoskeleton is a major component in determining and maintaining the shape of animal cells and is responsible for various motile phenomena. It is regulated by actin-binding proteins that are controlled by a variety of signalling molecules including the well-characterized polyphosphoinositides (PPIs... | 16914033 | PMC1564000 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:02 | no | Theor Biol Med Model. 2006 Aug 16; 3:30 |
Background
The use of plants for healing by any cultural group is integrally related to local concepts of the nature of disease, the nature of plants, and the world view of the culture. The physical and chemical properties of the plants themselves also bear on their selection by people for medicines, as does the array ... | 16790066 | PMC1564001 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:03 | no | J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2006 Jun 21; 2:29 |
Background
The identification and characterization of neural progenitors that produce neurons and glia in the central nervous system is a subject of intense investigation. It is now widely recognized that neural stem cells persist in specialized 'niches' in the adult mammalian forebrain where they generate large number... | 16872490 | PMC1564002 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:37 | no | BMC Dev Biol. 2006 Jul 26; 6:36 |
Background
About 20% of schoolchildren and adolescents in Sweden suffer from perceived hypersensitivity (e.g. allergy or intolerance) to defined food items [1,2]. The way such allergy-associated condition is manifested varies extensively depending on the specific foods and the type of reactions and symptoms that the ch... | 16901348 | PMC1564003 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:06 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Aug 10; 4:48 |
Background
A number of well-validated quality of life (QOL) measures for adults have been developed, many of which are used in routine clinical trials. The inclusion of QOL measures in clinical trials has in part come from increasing recognition that self-reports on subjective states can provide information about the c... | 16942613 | PMC1564004 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:07 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Aug 30; 4:58 |
Background
In judging the utility of any health screening program, a central question is whether the condition is sufficiently common and sufficiently serious to justify the costs of screening. In practice, screening is only worthwhile for conditions that are both common enough and serious enough, for which identificat... | 16914061 | PMC1564005 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 Aug 17; 6:211 |
Background
There has been increasing recognition that health policy founded on methodologically sound analyses is of vital concern for clinicians [1]. As better methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation become available, it is important to carry out these evaluations that go beyond the clinical tri... | 16907982 | PMC1564006 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Aug 14; 6:99 |
Background
As reported in several articles, physicians are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with many aspects of their professional life [1-6]. What reasons can be identified for the doctors' discontent and the considerable number of young physicians leaving the medical profession?
Changing role of doctors in a chan... | 16907981 | PMC1564007 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Aug 14; 6:98 |
Background
No publication has been more influential in the study and treatment of psychopathology than the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) [1]. Criteria for over 300 mental disorders appear in its pages. The DSM-IV implies that mental disorders form discrete categories. Many auth... | 16901347 | PMC1564008 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:26 | no | Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2006 Aug 10; 1:22 |
Background
The biochemistry of DNA replication has been under intense scrutiny since the discovery of the double helix structure. The pioneering work of Arthur Kornberg led to the purification of the key elements involved in the duplication of bacterial genomes: "initiator" proteins that recognize and activate the orig... | 16930479 | PMC1564009 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:36 | no | Cell Div. 2006 Aug 24; 1:18 |
Background
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) detects and accurately characterizes many types of liver lesion [1-8]. Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (VIBE) sequences yield images of the entire abdomen with high spatial resolution, nearly isotropic voxel size (2 mm or less)... | 16759378 | PMC1564010 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Med Imaging. 2006 Jun 7; 6:5 |
Background
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) either diagnosed by electrocardiography or echocardiography is now well known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Echocardiographic LVH is diagnosed based on cut-off values developed from population based studies in which LV mass is indexed to body surf... | 16939651 | PMC1564011 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Med Imaging. 2006 Aug 29; 6:10 |
Background
In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), delaying that operation may lead to the deterioration of the patient's condition, a poor clinical outcome, and an increased risk of death [1-3]. A patient who presents with the symptoms of CAD is usually... | 16930475 | PMC1564012 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:28 | no | J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Aug 24; 1:21 |
Background
Dealing with suicidal patients represents one of the most challenging clinical situations for young physicians. Suicide is a major public health problem. It is among the top three causes of death in the population aged 15–34 years worldwide [1]. In Norway the number of suicides increased from 8 to 16 per 100... | 16928281 | PMC1564013 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Med Educ. 2006 Aug 23; 6:44 |
Background
A journal club can be defined as a group of individuals who meet regularly to discuss articles in current medical literature [1]. The earliest reference to a journal club is found in Sir James Paget's memoirs and letters (1835–1854) in which he described how a small group of students near St. Bartholomew's H... | 16925800 | PMC1564014 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Med Educ. 2006 Aug 22; 6:43 |
Background
Mast cells are best known for their role in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic responses as one of the most powerful reactions of the immune system [1]. Recent studies suggest that mast cells may also be involved in innate and adaptive immunity by producing high levels of chemokines and cytokines [1-3... | 16911805 | PMC1564015 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Aug 16; 7:210 |
Background
Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is an important fish species for aquaculture and has been introduced throughout the world. It is also probably one of the most widely studied fish species with a long history of research carried out in physiology, nutrition, ecology, genetics, pathology, carcinogenesis and... | 16887034 | PMC1564016 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Genomics. 2006 Aug 3; 7:196 |
Findings
Although cholesterol is an extremely important biological molecule with a major role in membrane structure as well as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids, excessive cholesterol, is involved in atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, a balance must be maintained between cholesterol abso... | 16911794 | PMC1564017 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:31 | no | Lipids Health Dis. 2006 Aug 15; 5:22 |
Background
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires that all parties to the Convention report a national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with different reporting requirements for develo... | 16930465 | PMC1564018 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:11 | no | Carbon Balance Manag. 2006 Aug 23; 1:9 |
Background
The occurrence of oncocytic carcinoma of the parotid gland is rare. A new case of oncocytic carcinoma in a parotid gland has been reported recently by Guclu et al [1]. According to a review of the literature performed by these authors, only 41 cases have been reported [1]. We report a case of oncocytic carci... | 16923179 | PMC1564019 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:40 | no | World J Surg Oncol. 2006 Aug 21; 4:54 |
Background
For many authors, gastric carcinoma remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, second only to lung carcinoma [1,2]. Five-year relative survival of patients from European countries ranges from 10 to 30% [3,4], similar to that reported in USA (15 to 28%) [5]. Local and regional gastric carcin... | 16904003 | PMC1564020 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:40 | no | World J Surg Oncol. 2006 Aug 11; 4:53 |
Background
Many birds exhibit seasonal cycles in several functions including body mass, plumage color, hormone levels, gonadal growth and development, beak pigmentation, song production, nest building, molt, parasitic load, immune system etc. [1-4]. Most of these functions center on the reproduction, which is timed to ... | 16923197 | PMC1564021 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:06 | no | Front Zool. 2006 Aug 22; 3:12 |
Background
The intake of calorie-rich fast food and sedentary lifestyles of developed countries has sharply increased the incidence of obesity. Obesity is not only a serious health and economic burden, but also predisposes a person to a variety of metabolic diseases (i.e., the coexistence of several risk factors for at... | 16901342 | PMC1564022 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:19 | no | Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 Aug 10; 3:31 |
Background
In many countries, artificial insemination (AI) has superseded natural mating as a breeding method for mares. Use of frozen semen, however, has not gained widespread use in horses, due to low pregnancy rates. In addition to semen quality, many other factors affect the outcome of AI, including the handling an... | 16987393 | PMC1564023 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:33 | no | Acta Vet Scand. 2006 Aug 17; 48(1):14 |
Background
Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as one of the most important human pathogens, and has over the past several decades, been a leading cause of hospital and community-acquired infections [1]. It is associated with a variety of clinical infections including septicemia, pneumonia, wound sepsis, septic arthritis... | 16875502 | PMC1564024 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:23 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 28; 6:125 |
Background
Within the global infection control community, there is an ongoing controversy about the appropriate treatment of inanimate surfaces in hospitals in order to prevent transmission of nosocomial pathogens within an institution. Based on a lack of epidemiological data that would provide evidence of a benefit fo... | 16914034 | PMC1564025 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:28:23 | no | BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Aug 16; 6:130 |
Background
There are over 200,000 new cases and nearly 30,000 deaths each year from prostate cancer [1]. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and/or brachytherapy are mainstays of local therapy. Low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, with permanently implanted radioactive seeds, [2-6] and HDR brachytherapy, with temporar... | 16914054 | PMC1564026 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:56 | no | Radiat Oncol. 2006 Aug 16; 1:28 |
Background
Mefloquine, a 4-quinoline methanol structurally related to quinine, has a long elimination half-life of 14 to 41 days [1], which allows for once-a-week dosing and makes it a popular choice as malaria prophylaxis for travelers to malaria endemic areas. Along with atovaquone/proguanil and doxycycline, mefloqui... | 16925829 | PMC1564027 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:32 | no | Malar J. 2006 Aug 23; 5:74 |
Background
"Truth is great, certainly, but considering her greatness, it is curious what a long time she is apt to take about prevailing." – TH Huxley, 1894 [[1](p218)]
With all I've learned in recent years about human credulity, it remains difficult for me to fathom how little influence fact sometimes has over behavi... | 16762070 | PMC1564028 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:34 | no | Chiropr Osteopat. 2006 Jun 8; 14:10 |
Background
I was very excited about my pregnancy until I saw the doctor. She suggested that because I'm 37, I need to consider whether or not to have an amniocentesis and then gave me some information. Now it seems my life is turned upside down; one day I think I should have the amnio but the next day I don't want to r... | 16930476 | PMC1564029 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:13 | no | Implement Sci. 2006 Aug 24; 1:17 |
Background
Primary perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare and unusual group of mesenchymal neoplasms with unpredictable malignant potential. The term "PEComa" was originally coined by Zamboni et al and is the current nomenclature for tumors composed of PECs other than angiomyolipoma (AML), clear cell... | 16925812 | PMC1564030 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Urol. 2006 Aug 22; 6:20 |
Background
Aphasia, the loss of the ability to produce or comprehend language, constitutes a frequent consequence of left hemispheric stroke. Within the aphasic syndrome, one of the most frequent and disturbing syndromes is impaired lexical access (e.g. object naming). Even though patients may succeed in retrieving wor... | 16916464 | PMC1564031 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Neurol. 2006 Aug 17; 6:28 |
Short paper
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States [1], and the minimal success of education-based interventions [2,3], there has been growing interest in investigating the role of the neighborhood food environment in influencing dietary behavior [4-8]. Such an investigation requires an operatio... | 16846518 | PMC1564032 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:18 | no | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006 Jul 17; 3:15 |
Background
A large body of epidemiological evidence suggests that a high fruit and vegetable intake helps to promote health and to prevent chronic disease [1-4]. In most Western countries, large population groups, including children and adolescents, eat far less than the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables [5-8... | 16904006 | PMC1564033 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:19 | no | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006 Aug 11; 3:22 |
Background
When examining the prevalence of physical inactivity by gender and age, women over the age of 25 are at an increased risk for sedentary behavior [1-3]. While current research identifies a number of possible barriers to regular physical activity, one particular barrier that occurs for women between the age of... | 16925809 | PMC1564034 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:18 | no | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006 Aug 22; 3:23 |
Background
Reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer, the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women, is a pressing public health concern. One part of the response to the growing breast cancer burden is to develop effective prevention strategies. Although many breast cancer risk factors have b... | 16803628 | PMC1564035 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Jun 27; 6:170 |
Background
Recent publications have renewed interest in the measurement of OPN, a tumor-associated glycoprotein secreted into bodily fluids, in the plasma of tumor patients. Plasma OPN level was shown by Le et al. to correspond with Eppendorf electrode measurements of tumor oxygenation in patients with head and neck ca... | 16911785 | PMC1564036 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Cancer. 2006 Aug 15; 6:207 |
Background
In the midst of accelerating advances in medicine and health technologies and a growing number of effective and affordable interventions, several low-income countries have experienced a decline in their health outcomes. Rates for child mortality are increasing and life expectancy is decreasing. There is a co... | 16930480 | PMC1564037 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:14 | no | Hum Resour Health. 2006 Aug 24; 4:23 |
Background
Phagocytosis as an effector mechanism of the innate immune response could be triggered by attachment of antigens to the surface of macrophages. The protein-based understanding of the signal processing pathways of innate immunity to microorganisms like Toll-like receptors (TLR), nucleotide-binding oligomeriza... | 16914039 | PMC1564038 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:22 | no | J Nanobiotechnology. 2006 Aug 16; 4:7 |
Background
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) exhibits high levels of genetic variation based on which the viral strains are classified into several distinct subtypes designated A through J [1]. Distribution of viral subtypes across the globe is non-uniform. Additionally, epidemic outbreaks due to recombinant ... | 16916472 | PMC1564039 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:07 | no | Retrovirology. 2006 Aug 18; 3:53 |
Background
Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels ex Macbr. (Proteaceae) is a wild tree growing in Chile from Coquimbo to Chiloe (IV-X Regions). It is distributed from the sea to sub mountain zones through 700–1200 m of altitude. Other Lomatia species in Chile are L. ferruginea (Cav.) R.Br. and L. dentata (R. et P.) R. Br. L. hi... | 16945129 | PMC1564040 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:47 | no | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Aug 31; 6:29 |
Background
Higher order Spermatophyte phylogeny: an unresolved systematics problem
In this paper, we discuss the utility of incorporating EST data to address one of the more important plant phylogenetic questions concerning the hierarchical relationships of the several major seed plant lineages (angiosperms, Cycadales,... | 16776834 | PMC1564041 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:49 | no | BMC Evol Biol. 2006 Jun 15; 6:48 |
Background
The historical evolution of the lesions that are currently designated "adenoid basal carcinomas" [1-25] is inextricably linked to adenoid cystic carcinoma [26-84], a diagnostic entity under which it was subsumed for many years prior to and even after its delineation, and a tumor with which it shares some mor... | 16911774 | PMC1564042 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:18 | no | Diagn Pathol. 2006 Aug 15; 1:18 |
Background
Coats' disease is a non-hereditary ocular disease, with no systemic manifestation, first described by Coats in 1908[1]. It occurs more commonly in children and has a clear male predominance (69%) [2]. Most patients present clinically with unilateral decreased vision, strabismus or leukocoria [3]. The most im... | 16942617 | PMC1564043 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:19 | no | Diagn Pathol. 2006 Aug 30; 1:24 |
Background
Imagine the following situation. Your search engine at the NCBI site finds out that in addition to the 400 medical documents that match your query, another 400 are also relevant, but they are just one of the 44,000 genes at your favorite microarray chip. Imagine now that you have a sophisticated software tha... | 16939640 | PMC1564044 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug 29; 7:392 |
Background
The application of mathematical expressions for biochemical systems is useful for understanding complex biological phenomena. Reactions are expressed as rate equations, and the numerical integration of variables is applied to simulate these reactions. The simulation of biochemical models requires the identif... | 16643665 | PMC1564045 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Apr 27; 7:230 |
Background
The human mitochondrial genome is defined by a single type of circular double-stranded DNA whose complete nucleotide sequence has been established [1] and corrected [2]. It contains 16569 bps in 37 genes. Twenty-eight of these genes are encoded by the heavy strand, and nine by the light strand. Of the 37 gen... | 16907992 | PMC1564046 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug 15; 7:379 |
Background
Varicella vaccine is a relatively new vaccine that has incomplete but growing acceptance by physicians and parents [1-3]. Currently more physicians recommend the use of varicella vaccine than 5 years ago[4], and more schools and day care sites are requiring receipt of the vaccine for admission[5]. However, t... | 16911801 | PMC1564047 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:46 | no | BMC Fam Pract. 2006 Aug 15; 7:51 |
Background
Obesity is one of the main threats to public health in the Western world [1,2]. It is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus [e.g. [3-10]]. Other health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders, psychological problems, osteoarthritis, cancer, and respiratory probl... | 16827937 | PMC1564048 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:45 | no | BMC Fam Pract. 2006 Jul 7; 7:43 |
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common, debilitating and usually lethal condition responsible for enormous burden on health care. The recent trials have shown improvement in morbidity and mortality with ACE inhibitors and beta blockers [1,3]. However, despite this the overall prognosis remains dismal. The other alt... | 17006554 | PMC1564050 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):36-39 |
Introduction
Supraventricular tachycardias are quite common in clinical practice. Medical treatment of supraventricular tachycardia often involves regular intake of drugs for several years. Problems of drug therapy include poor efficacy and bothersome side effects including proarrhythmia. This has lead to the developme... | 17006556 | PMC1564051 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):45-49 |
For more than 30 years transthoracic external cardioversion has been an established method for the restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. It was first described by Lown in 1963 [1]. Though the success rate for external cardioversion ranges from 60-90 % [2,4], there is reduced effic... | 17006555 | PMC1564052 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):40-44 |
Introduction
The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphical representation of the electrical potentials generated by the heart. Such electrical signals are recorded via ECG leads placed on the body surface. Based on the resolution of the digital recording of analog ECG signals, the instruments and techniques may be categor... | 17006557 | PMC1564053 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):50-56 |
We spent two hectic years in AIIMS in 1972 and ''73 while undergoing our training for DM Cardiology. Dr Rajan Manjuran and myself were the two candidates and we worked day and night, but thoroughly enjoyed it as it was so exciting and educative. The cutting edge remarks by the inimitable Professor Sujoy B Roy, the met... | 17006559 | PMC1564054 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):63 |
Cardiac Pacing
History of cardiac pacing in India dates back to late 1960s. Kar [1] reported that cardiac pacing was introduced in India in 1966. Basu [2] while discussing on cardiac pacemaking in Calcutta, mentions that the first pacing was performed in April 1967 at the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education an... | 17006558 | PMC1564055 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Apr 1; 2(2):57-61 |
Ablation of a macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia involves: 1) mapping the reentrant circuit to define the conduction zones 2) creating linear lines within the critical zones of slow conduction that extend to anatomical borders and 3) terminating the tachycardia and demonstrating conduction block. The para-tricuspid cou... | 17006564 | PMC1564056 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Jul 1; 2(3):85-90 |
Since its introduction in 1987, radiofrequency (RF) ablation has developed to become the treatment of choice for symptoms caused by atrio ventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia, isthmus related atrial flutter, AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia and to some extent also for certain types of ventricular tachycardias. The intr... | 17006561 | PMC1564057 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Jul 1; 2(3):66-73 |
Implantable rhythm device (IRD) is the generic name for the group of implantable devices used for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Devices in this category include cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and implantable loop recorders. Since these devices have complex microelectronic ... | 17006560 | PMC1564058 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Jul 1; 2(3):64-65 |
Introduction
Modern life exposes us all to an ever-increasing number of potential sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and patients with Implantable rhythm devices (IRD) like pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators or implantable loop recorders often ask about the use of microwave ovens, walking th... | 17006563 | PMC1564059 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Jul 1; 2(3):79-84 |
Pacemakers (PM), either dual or single chamber, are currently being implanted in an increasing number for various indications all around the world. Although PM are very sophisticated and technically challenging devices, they may be affected by many internal and external factors. Patients with PM need to be regularly an... | 17006562 | PMC1564060 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:38:17 | no | Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2002 Jul 1; 2(3):74-78 |
Introduction
Most of the nation's public schools have a variety of nutrition and physical activity programs of some type in place, yet multiple countervailing pressures act on schools to impede these efforts to improve nutrition and physical activity opportunities for students (1-5). Recognizing the potential for scho... | 16539776 | PMC1564114 | CC BY | 2022-01-24 23:45:25 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2006 Mar 15; 3(2):A35 |
Background
Recent reports of an increased incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have sparked interest in hypercoagulability associated with hematologic malignancies and immunomodulator therapy [1]. A recently described mechanism of hypercoagulability in cancer patients i... | 16923190 | PMC1564129 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:29 | no | Thromb J. 2006 Aug 21; 4:11 |
Background
A relationship between cancer and abnormalities of the coagulation system has been recognized for over 100 years [1]. Thromboembolic disease (usually of unknown etiology), refractory to anticoagulant therapy, may be an early detectable sign of an underlying cancer, which could precede the onset of observable... | 16925817 | PMC1564130 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:30 | no | Thromb J. 2006 Aug 22; 4:12 |
Background
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) related to a pattern of central or abdominal obesity is a major health concern in the westernized world. One approach to begin to understand a common complex trait such as MetS is to closely study individuals who have a rare monogenic analogue of the condition. In the case of Me... | 16945131 | PMC1564131 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Med Imaging. 2006 Aug 31; 6:11 |
Background
The emergence of laparoscopy in the late 1980's as a credible therapeutic intervention heralded a new surgical age. Demonstrable reduction of wound complications, post-operative pain, hospital stay and costs in treating gallbladder disease [1] and gynaecological conditions such as laparoscopic sterilisation ... | 16945124 | PMC1564132 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:04 | no | World J Emerg Surg. 2006 Aug 31; 1:24 |
Background
The rate of suicide of those receiving services under the responsibility of youth protection and rehabilitation services is reported to be 5.5 to 11 times higher than that of the adolescent population in general [1]. In the Province of Quebec, child welfare services, social services, rehabilitation programs ... | 16928279 | PMC1564133 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:33:07 | no | BMC Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 23; 6:36 |
Background
An increasing number of zoological studies use DNA derived from poorly preserved, decomposed or ancient tissue sources – examples include ecological studies using genetic material from faecal samples [e.g. [1,2]], wildlife forensic investigations examining processed animal products [e.g. [3]], and evolutiona... | 16911807 | PMC1564134 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:24:06 | no | Front Zool. 2006 Aug 16; 3:11 |
Background
Newcastle is a city on the Australian eastern seaboard with a history of heavy industry including coal mining; metal smelting, production and fabrication; and mineral export via a deep water port facility. Over time, heavy industry in the area has been scaled back, including the recent closure of the Cockle ... | 16854243 | PMC1564135 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:28 | no | Int J Health Geogr. 2006 Jul 19; 5:30 |
Background
Introduction and aims of this paper
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the latest generation of Web-based collaborationware (also known as Web 2.0 tools), namely wikis, blogs and podcasts, as evidenced by the growing number of publications on the subject [1-17], and the many examples of online... | 16911779 | PMC1564136 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:32 | no | BMC Med Educ. 2006 Aug 15; 6:41 |
Background
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease of humans, which is characterised by progressive demyelination. The underlying defect is the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA), which results in the lysosomal accumulation of the sphingolipid 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) predomina... | 16893448 | PMC1564137 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:30 | no | Lipids Health Dis. 2006 Aug 7; 5:21 |
Background
The mental health literacy of Australian and international populations has been closely examined over the past ten years [1-4]. It is an important litmus test of a population's capacity to recognize mental health problems and seek appropriate help for them. Indeed mental health literacy is a key to promoting... | 16923195 | PMC1564138 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:15:48 | no | BMC Public Health. 2006 Aug 22; 6:215 |
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