text string | pmid string | accession_id string | license string | last_updated string | retracted string | citation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction
The clinical definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) includes the acute onset of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, a ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 200 mmHg or less, and no evidence of left atrial hypertension [1]. Many risk fact... | 16859510 | PMC1751007 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 19; 10(4):R106 |
Introduction
Relative adrenal insufficiency, defined as a blunted increase in cortisol levels after stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone, is common in patients with septic shock [1], and replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone has been shown to reduce the risk of death in this setting [2]. ... | 16859529 | PMC1751010 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:01 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 19; 10(4):R105 |
Introduction
Pneumothorax is a common finding in the trauma setting and affects more than 20% of major blunt trauma victims [1]. Tension pneumothorax is a serious situation that can potentially lead to cardiac arrest, requiring early diagnosis and urgent treatment. A small or medium pneumothorax is generally not life t... | 16882338 | PMC1751015 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Aug 1; 10(4):R112 |
Introduction
Cardiac arrest (CA) in children is typically due to asystole or pulseless electrical activity, whereas ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT) – namely, shockable rhythms – are relatively rare [1-3]. It has been reported in approximately 8–18% of children with cardiorespir... | 16882339 | PMC1751019 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:01 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Aug 1; 10(4):R113 |
Introduction
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to respiratory failure in infancy [1]. Together with influenza virus, RSV is also the most common cause for admissions in adults with chronic cardiac and pulmonary disorders an... | 16859512 | PMC1751022 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:01 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 19; 10(4):R107 |
Introduction
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), causes considerable morbidity and mortality despite antimicrobial therapy and advances in supportive care [1,2]. It is the second most frequent nosocomial infection and is the major cause of death among hospital-acquired... | 16882337 | PMC1751023 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:01 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Aug 1; 10(4):R114 |
Introduction
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a pressure-controlled, time-cycled method of mechanical ventilation in which a continuous distending pressure (CDP) expands the lung and superimposed pressure oscillations at high frequencies (4–15 Hz) from a coupled oscillator swing around the applied CDP. ... | 16836767 | PMC1751024 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 12; 10(4):R100 |
Introduction
The natural course of chronic liver disease is often complicated by acute episodes of potentially reversible decompensation, triggered by a precipitating event such as infection or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and is frequently referred to as acute-on-chronic liver failure (AoCLF) [1-3]. This complicat... | 16859530 | PMC1751025 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 19; 10(4):R108 |
Introduction
Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often need sedation to treat anxiety, agitation and/or pain. Indeed, prolonged translaryngeal intubation is a major source of physical discomfort, for which sedation often is necessary [1-5]. In addition, sedation may be requir... | 16834768 | PMC1751026 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Jul 10; 10(4):R99 |
Introduction
Acute lung injury (ALI) along with its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is one of the most challenging conditions in critical care medicine. ALI/ARDS can result from a direct insult in the lung or an indirect insult from other organs mediated through the systemic circulation [1,2]. ... | 16968555 | PMC1751039 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 13; 10(5):R130 |
Introduction
S100β is a calcium-binding protein usually found in astrocytes. Its biological half-life is approximately 30 minutes [1]; hence, persistently increased levels of S100β indicate continuous release of this protein from damaged tissue. Elevated serum levels of S100β have been reported to correlate with neurol... | 17020600 | PMC1751042 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 4; 10(5):R141 |
Introduction
Oesophagectomy with direct reconstruction of the digestive tract remains the most successful therapy for oesophageal cancer. Frequent complications of the gastro-oesophageal anastomosis include leakage (5–26%) and anastomotic stenosis (12–40%), which have been attributed to decreased microvascular blood fl... | 16970804 | PMC1751043 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:03 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 13; 10(5):R131 |
Introduction
Respiratory viruses represent an important role in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults [1-3]. Respiratory viruses are also the leading cause of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthma patients [4,5], resulting in frequent consultations with a general pr... | 17022805 | PMC1751045 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:03 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 5; 10(5):R142 |
Introduction
In sedated, mechanically ventilated patients, fluid responsiveness can be efficiently predicted by assessing the respiratory changes in arterial pressure. However, in some patients it might be attractive to use a reversible maneuver that mimics a fluid challenge and to assess its hemodynamic consequence di... | 16970817 | PMC1751046 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 13; 10(5):R132 |
Introduction
Septic shock and multiple organ failure are the most frequent causes of death in medical intensive care units (ICUs), and were responsible for approximately 750,000 admissions and 210,000 deaths throughout 1995 in the USA [1]. Although the mortality rate has been declining, the incidence of sepsis has incr... | 17062164 | PMC1751047 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 25; 10(5):R149 |
Introduction
Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy occurs in approximately 4% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit, and often these patients are treated with some form of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) [1]. CRRT requires anticoagulation to allow the passage of blood through the... | 17069648 | PMC1751049 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 27; 10(5):R150 |
Introduction
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB) colonisation and infection are frequent among critically ill patients [1-3]. Antibiotic resistance is common in NF-GNB, resulting in inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment and poor outcomes [4-6]. Several studies have investigated incidence, risk factors, a... | 17026755 | PMC1751051 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 6; 10(5):R143 |
Introduction
Since the introduction of closed-chest cardiac massage in 1960 [1] there have been several advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation [2]. In spite of that, morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac arrest remain extremely high [3,4], with prognosis ranging from mild to moderate disability to persiste... | 16978415 | PMC1751053 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 15; 10(5):R133 |
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation is an essential part of the care provided to the critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Despite the life-saving potential of this assistance, it has disadvantages and complications as well. It has been demonstrated that over-distension and cyclic inflation and ... | 17069660 | PMC1751056 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 28; 10(5):R151 |
Introduction
Intensive care units (ICUs) serve patients with acute physiological derangement and organ failure but who have potentially reversible disease. They also provide a service for those who can benefit from more comprehensive observation and complex treatment than is available on standard hospital wards [1-3].
... | 16978417 | PMC1751058 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 16; 10(5):R134 |
Introduction
Septic shock is the most common cause of death in non-coronary intensive care units [1] mainly as a result of catecholamine-refractory arterial hypotension and multiple organ failure. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is emerging as a promising adjunct in the treatment of catecholamine-refractory septic shock. In... | 17032443 | PMC1751059 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 10; 10(5):R144 |
Introduction
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a leading cause of death among patients with sepsis [1,2]. MODS develops in critically ill patients, primarily in the setting of systemic insults, including sepsis, burns, pancreatitis, cardiopulmonary bypass, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2-5]... | 16995930 | PMC1751060 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 22; 10(5):R136 |
Introduction
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone in soft tissues where it is neither needed nor desired [1]. HO was first described in 1883 by Reidel, and later, in 1918, Dejerne and Ceilliar [2] reported the development of HO among paraplegic patients injured in World War I. Common predisposing cond... | 17074077 | PMC1751061 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:03 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 30; 10(5):R152 |
Introduction
Critical illness is often accompanied by acute hyperglycaemia, which appears to be a negative prognostic factor for critically ill patients [1-4]. Worse outcome in hyperglycaemic patients has been explained mainly by complications such as infections and decreased wound healing [5]. Moreover, acute hypergly... | 16981981 | PMC1751062 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 18; 10(5):R135 |
Introduction
Obesity is one of the major health problems in our society and its prevalence is rising worldwide [1,2]. Currently, about 130 million US adults, 65% of the population, are overweight or obese. In addition, an increasing proportion of children in the USA are either overweight or obese, and this number has a... | 16999863 | PMC1751063 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:03 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 25; 10(5):R137 |
Introduction
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a polypeptide consisting of 116 amino acids and is the precursor of calcitonin [1]. The role of PCT in inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, was first described by Assicot et al. [2], who observed a rise in serum PCT levels three to four hours after a single injection of endotoxin... | 17038199 | PMC1751067 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 13; 10(5):R145 |
Introduction
Current ventilatory strategies for 'lung-protective' ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include low tidal volumes to avoid alveolar overdistension, adequate end-expiratory lung volume by positive end-expiratory pressure to prevent end-expiratory alveolar collapse, and inspiratory pre... | 16999870 | PMC1751068 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:03 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 25; 10(5):R138 |
Introduction
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as a state of physical, mental and social well-being is used as a measure of a patient's self-perceived outcome after critical care. There is some evidence that survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) demonstrate significantly reduced HRQoL afte... | 17042955 | PMC1751069 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 16; 10(5):R147 |
Introduction
Critically ill patients suffer from oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [1,2]. Although ROS/RNS are constantly produced under normal circumstances, critical illness can drastically increase their production. Sources of oxidative stress during critica... | 17040563 | PMC1751071 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:09 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 13; 10(5):R146 |
Introduction
Overwhelming infection with resultant multiple organ failure, which has been termed the 'sepsis syndrome' [1], is a devastating illness, and a common intensive care unit (ICU) admission diagnosis, with an incidence of 3 per 1,000 population per annum [2]. The sepsis syndrome has been characterised as a dys... | 17002794 | PMC1751072 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 26; 10(5):R139 |
Introduction
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia occurring more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation and the initiation of mechanical ventilation. When a clinical diagnosis of VAP is suggested by a new or progressive pulmonary infiltrate associated with fever, an increased white blood c... | 16956405 | PMC1751074 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 6; 10(5):R125 |
Introduction
Anemia of critical illness is a common problem in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) [1-5]. The cause of anemia is likely multifactorial, but frequent phlebotomy has been cited as a contributing factor, resulting in frequent prescription of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions [1,4]. C... | 17002795 | PMC1751075 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 26; 10(5):R140 |
Introduction
Despite advances in intensive care, acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with a mortality of 35% to 40% and an incidence of approximately 200,000 cases per year in the U.S. [1]. Studies in Europe indicate a similarly high mortality [2]. The only therapeutic modality that has improved the survival in ALI i... | 16956410 | PMC1751077 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 6; 10(5):R126 |
Introduction
Troponin is an inhibitory protein complex forming part of the contractile apparatus of all striated muscle, including the heart. Specific forms of the troponin subunits T, C and I exist in different muscle types. Cardiac specific troponins T and I have become established as the gold standard biochemical ma... | 16965618 | PMC1751080 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 11; 10(5):R128 |
Introduction
Anaemia is a common feature in critically ill patients. In the recent ABC study [1], haemoglobin level at admission was below the normal range in 63% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A low haemoglobin level is associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients [1,2], as was pre... | 16965637 | PMC1751083 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 11; 10(5):R129 |
Introduction
Microvascular thrombus formation with subsequent microvessel occlusion and hypoperfusion is a major contributor to organ dysfunction during sepsis [1]. It is well recognized that sepsis involves a complex interaction between the inflammatory and the coagulation system [2]. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysach... | 17062126 | PMC1751084 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:20:10 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Oct 24; 10(5):R148 |
Introduction
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary bypass technique for providing life support in acute reversible cardiorespiratory failure when conventional management is not successful. Most patients receiving ECMO support are neonates suffering from persistent pulmonary hypertension of the... | 16961935 | PMC1751085 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:55:02 | no | Crit Care. 2006 Sep 11; 10(5):R127 |
Introduction
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and the third leading cause in individuals aged 40–59 years [1]. Pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect, resistant to treatment, and is usually discovered after it has metastasized. Nearly every person who develop... | 17194196 | PMC1751121 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:40:36 | no | PLoS Med. 2006 Dec 12; 3(12):e516 |
Introduction
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a cellular surveillance pathway in eukaryotes that recognizes and degrades transcripts with premature termination codons (PTCs). Such transcripts arise as a consequence of genomic mutation, as in numerous human genetic diseases [1,2], and from errors in transcription a... | 17196039 | PMC1756896 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:29 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e180 |
Introduction
According to the World Health Organization (http://www.who.int), there are an estimated 1 billion adults who are overweight (body mass index > 25 kg/m2), and 300 million of these are considered clinically obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m2). Such staggering statistics clearly suggest that, despite the overt... | 17196040 | PMC1756898 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:28 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e188 |
In PLoS Genetics, volume 2, issue 2: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020021
The original research article mistakenly listed Jonathan A. Eisen without his middle initial.
The original copyright did not indicate that the article is part of the public domain; the correct copyright statement is:
This is an open-access article di... | 0 | PMC1756906 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:28 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e213 |
In PLoS Genetics, volume 2, issue 7: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020111
In the Results section, the reference to Figure S7C and S7D is incorrect; the correct reference is to Figure S6D. | 0 | PMC1756910 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:29 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e218 |
Introduction
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are polymorphic genetic loci that cause heritable differences in mRNA concentration. eQTLs have been used in recent genetical genomics studies [1] to infer the structure of genome-wide gene regulatory networks [2–4]. The definition of eQTLs in these studies is ess... | 17196041 | PMC1756913 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:02 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e222 |
Introduction
During recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the evolutionary processes governing mammalian chromosomal organization. It is now commonly accepted that the mammalian karyotype has undergone a limited number of major rearrangements over the course of more than 100 million years [1]. A f... | 17196042 | PMC1756914 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:28 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e223 |
I spent two of my three months on sabbatical in Cambridge gathering my courage to invite Sir John Sulston for an interview. How do you approach a man who has spearheaded and labored with his own hands on three major genetics projects, won a Nobel Prize, been knighted, and even had a building named after him? Perhaps it... | 17196043 | PMC1756915 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:28 | no | PLoS Genet. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e225 |
Introduction
A correct interpretation of the direction of evolution in basal parts of the mammalian tree has important implications for different aspects of biology and also for medicine (e.g., the selection of appropriate model organisms). However, some basal relationships may still need further examination before bei... | 17206860 | PMC1761043 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:19:23 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2007 Jan 5; 3(1):e2 |
Introduction
Recent advances in mass spectrometry have enabled the extensive characterization of intracellular signaling networks [1,2]. Coupled with the increasing appreciation that cell behavior is governed by a network of signaling events, these advances have been used to identify novel elements of network activatio... | 17206861 | PMC1761044 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:36 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2007 Jan 5; 3(1):e4 |
Introduction
The relationships among mammalian lineages have recently been revised using multiple gene phylogenetic analyses leading to the recognition of four main placental clades: Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria, Xenarthra, and Afrotheria. Humans and other Primates and Dermoptera, Scandentia, and Glires (Rodentia a... | 17206863 | PMC1761045 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 07:59:44 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Jan 5; 3(1):e2 |
Introduction
Inbred mice are the model organisms of choice for studying the genetic basis of complex traits such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. A large and diverse set of traits has been systematically organized in the publicly accessible Mouse Phenome Database (MPD; www.jax.org/phenome), housed at The Jackson... | 17206864 | PMC1761046 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:00:02 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Jan 5; 3(1):e3 |
Introduction
Alström syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early onset obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, retinal degeneration, and hearing impairment. Other aspects of the disease include cardiomyopathy, liver dysfunction, kidney dysfunction, and a delay in puberty. Renal function declines w... | 17206865 | PMC1761047 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 07:59:44 | no | PLoS Genet. 2007 Jan 5; 3(1):e8 |
Introduction
At every moment of our lives, we are deluged with sensory stimuli coming at us from multiple directions and through our various sensory modalities—much more information than we can fully process. The critical function of attention allows us at each moment to continuously select and extract the most importa... | 17199410 | PMC1761048 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:59 | no | PLoS Biol. 2007 Jan 2; 5(1):e12 |
In our complex and multifaceted world, our senses are continuously bombarded with much more information than our brains can fully process. Attention is a critical cognitive function that allows us to select for detailed analysis only the most relevant information at any given moment. The crucial nature of attention is ... | 20076645 | PMC1761049 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:59 | no | PLoS Biol. 2007 Jan 2; 5(1):e27 |
The commercial success of foods depends more and more on what science says about the effects of these foods on health. Drug companies have tried to influence the scientific record so as to make their products look healthier [1,2]; are food companies doing the same? In a study published in PLoS Medicine, Lesser et al. [... | 17214505 | PMC1761050 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:22:54 | no | PLoS Med. 2007 Jan 9; 4(1):e6 |
Introduction
Very significant progress in measles control has been made over the past decade in Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have developed a comprehensive strategy for sustainable measles mortality reduction, with the goal of a 90% reduction in global meas... | 17199407 | PMC1761051 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:22:54 | no | PLoS Med. 2007 Jan 2; 4(1):e16 |
Box 1: Definitions of Prevalent and Incident TB as Used in This Article
Point prevalence of TB: the fraction of people surveyed at any given point in time with active TB (here given as the number of cases per 1,000 population). In this study, patients on TB treatment were not considered to have active TB unless they w... | 17199408 | PMC1761052 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:22:53 | no | PLoS Med. 2007 Jan 2; 4(1):e22 |
Introduction
Reproductive division of labour, in the sense that one or a few colony members reproduce at a high rate while others do not, is a defining trait of highly social insect species (Wilson, 1971). This division is generally set during the larval stage when individuals can alter development sufficiently to pro... | 17069635 | PMC1761130 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:17:21 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):597-602 |
Introduction
The completion of the genome sequence of the honey bee Apis mellifera (Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2006) represents a significant contribution toward understanding the social processes in this organism. A full understanding of the genetic implications and mechanisms of sociality requires a com... | 17069642 | PMC1761131 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:17:21 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):715-718 |
Introduction
Serine proteases in the S1 family (e.g. chymotrypsin) are involved in various physiological processes, such as digestion, development, and defense responses (Rawlings & Barrett, 1993; Krem & Di Cera, 2002). They are typically synthesized as zymogens, which require proteolysis at a specific site for activa... | 17069636 | PMC1761132 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:20:11 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):603-614 |
Protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus is dependent on the coat protein complex II (COPII) (1). Five core COPII components Sar1, Sec23/24 and Sec13/31 together are sufficient to generate vesicles from liposomes in vitro. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, assembly of COPII occurs stochas... | 17005010 | PMC1761133 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:20:11 | no | Traffic. 2006 Dec 27; 7(12):1678-1687 |
Instead of dirt and poison we have rather chosen to fill our hives with honey and wax; thus furnishing mankind with two of the noblest things, which are sweetness and light.
Jonathan Swift
The honey bee Apis mellifera is the first hymenopteran and the fifth insect genome to be sequenced (Honey Bee Genome Sequencing C... | 17069628 | PMC1761134 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:17:21 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):535-539 |
Introduction
Dangerous allergenic responses can be caused in humans by components of the venom of stinging social insects (Hoffman, 2003). A major research goal remains to predict which fraction of the human population will be likely to react adversely to specific venom components received through incidental or occupa... | 17069633 | PMC1761135 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:20:11 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):577-581 |
Introduction
One of the most striking features of the Apis mellifera genome is that it contains significantly fewer annotated genes than other insect genomes so far sequenced. It contains only about 11 000 protein coding genes (Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2006), whereas the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaste... | 17069637 | PMC1761136 | CC BY | 2021-03-16 23:20:11 | no | Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct; 15(5):615-636 |
Background
The antimitotic anticancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) has a unique mechanism of action: unlike other mitotic spindle poisons (viz. vinca alkaloids), taxol binds to the N-terminal end of β-tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly [1-3]. The effect of taxol on the microtubule dynamics has been studied extensivel... | 17224078 | PMC1761139 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:34 | no | J Mol Signal. 2006 Nov 10; 1:3 |
Background
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are intrinsic membrane proteins that transduce agonist binding into activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, a paradigm for cell signaling extending from yeast to mammals [1]. The yeast STE2 gene product is a heptahelical, GPCR that binds and transduces intracellular signal... | 17224079 | PMC1761140 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:34 | no | J Mol Signal. 2006 Nov 10; 1:2 |
Background
One of the best-studied cellular signaling relays is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, the central mechanism by which growth factors steer cellular key decisions such as proliferation and differentiation [1]. It has become clear that it is not just the amplitude but also the spat... | 17224080 | PMC1761141 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:34 | no | J Mol Signal. 2006 Nov 29; 1:4 |
Editorial
An open access journal of molecular signaling: a critical need at a critical time
"The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres of life." (Albert Einstein, 1952).
At a time where new theories and discoveries are b... | 17224077 | PMC1761142 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:23:34 | no | J Mol Signal. 2006 Nov 10; 1:1 |
Background
Red yeast rice (RYR) is a traditional Chinese cuisine and medicinal agent prepared by using Monascus purpureus fermented with rice, which has been recorded in ancient Chinese pharmacopoeia Ben Cao Gang Mu-Dan Shi Bu Yi during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)[1]. The extracts from RYR contain starch, sterols, iso... | 17302963 | PMC1761143 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:16 | no | Chin Med. 2006 Nov 23; 1:4 |
What is Chinese Medicine?
The new journal, Chinese Medicine (CM), is a peer-reviewed, open access, international, interdisciplinary and scholarly journal in Chinese medicine. CM aims to provide evidence-led force for the advancement of Chinese medicine research. CM is the official journal of the International Society f... | 0 | PMC1761144 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:16 | no | Chin Med. 2006 Nov 23; 1:1 |
Background
Danshen is an annual sage plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae, Laminaceae) which grows in China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan. In China, it is found in hilly areas of the west, southwest and southeast. S. miltiorrhiza is among the most popular medicinal herbs used in China. It has been used in the treatment of... | 17302964 | PMC1761145 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:16 | no | Chin Med. 2006 Nov 23; 1:3 |
Background
Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stenting, is a major factor affecting the long-term success of PCI [1]. Despite numerous trials of pharmacologic interventions, the frequency of restenosis did not diminish [2]. The ... | 17302965 | PMC1761146 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:25:16 | no | Chin Med. 2006 Nov 23; 1:2 |
The Buddha once told a story about a king who ordered a group of blind men to be presented with an elephant. Each man touched a different part of the animal. The king then asked them what an elephant is like.
The blind men who touched the elephant's head replied, “An elephant, your majesty, is just like a water jar.” ... | 17196031 | PMC1761651 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:18:24 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e156 |
Introduction
Hundreds of yeast RNAs are expressed in a cell cycle–dependent, oscillating manner. In both budding yeast and fission yeast, these RNAs cluster into four or five groups, each corresponding roughly to a phase of the cycle [1–9]. Large sets of phase-specific RNAs are also seen in animal and plant cells [10–1... | 17194216 | PMC1761652 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:45 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 22; 2(12):e169 |
Understanding how the phenotypes and behaviors of cells are controlled is one of the major challenges in biological research. Traditionally, focus has been given to the characterization of individual genes/proteins or individual interactions during cellular events. However, many phenotypes and behaviors cannot be attri... | 17196032 | PMC1761653 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:18:24 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e174 |
Introduction
The basal ganglia of mammals are made up of several nuclei forming large processing circuits in the forebrain and controlled by mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons [1]. The dorsal nigrostriatal DA pathway modulates the cortico–striato–thalamic loop [2] involved in extrapyramidal motor and cognitive functio... | 17194217 | PMC1761654 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:44 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 22; 2(12):e176 |
Introduction
Amyloid fibril formation is associated with an increase of β structure content, which leads to fibrillar aggregation [1]. However, it should be noted that an increased level of the beta structure is a characteristic property of several different types of protein aggregates (amyloid fibrils, amorphous aggre... | 17196033 | PMC1761655 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:18:24 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e177 |
Introduction
Many biological systems employ cooperative interactions in their organization [1]. Humans, unlike other animal species, form large social groups in which cooperation among non-kin is widespread. This contrasts with the general assumption that the strong and selfish individuals are the ones who benefit most... | 17196034 | PMC1761656 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:44 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e178 |
Introduction
Angiogenesis (neovascularization), the growth of new blood microvessels from preexisting microvasculature, is a critical physiological process for the growth of developing organs and during wound healing, ovulation, and pregnancy. Coronary or peripheral ischemia may be relieved by inducing angiogenesis [1,... | 17196035 | PMC1761657 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:43 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Dec 29; 2(12):e180 |
Introduction
The most important function of physicians is to help their patients make decisions among competing options of therapeutic interventions."
R.F. Brubaker [1]As a librarian providing access to information for both patients and the physicians and other health care professionals who work with them, I share wit... | 11720912 | PMC1761702 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:11 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Aug 11; 1(1):e3 |
Welcome to the "Journal of Medical Internet Research" - JMIR, the first international scientific peer-reviewed journal on all aspects of research, information and communication in healthcare using Internet and Intranet-related technologies.
Why does the world need the JMIR? The Internet - and more specifically, the Wo... | 0 | PMC1761703 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Aug 11; 1(1):e5 |
Introduction
This article results from a diploma thesis in media sciences written at the Institut für Journalistik und Kommunikationsforschung, Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover, Germany.
In the last years, the number of Internet users has exploded. As the Internet becomes a greater factor in both the fields o... | 11720911 | PMC1761704 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Aug 5; 1(1):e2 |
Introduction
After the early enthusiasm generated by the potential use of the Internet in Medicine [1,2,3], concern has been raised about the quality of the resources available on the Internet compared to more academic media. It is technically very easy to publish on the Internet [4]. The lack of a review process of th... | 11720910 | PMC1761705 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Aug 11; 1(1):e1 |
Introduction
The rapid growth and constant change in the number of health care related web sites make the evaluation of the quality of the web sites a difficult but beneficial task. The Internet is "a medium in which anyone with a computer can serve simultaneously as author, editor, and publisher and can fill any or al... | 11720913 | PMC1761706 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:11 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Aug 5; 1(1):e4 |
Introduction
The American College of Radiology (ACR) defined teleradiology in ACR Standard for Teleradiology [1] as the following:
Teleradiology is the electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Teleradiology may allow even more t... | 11720917 | PMC1761707 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Dec 13; 1(2):e8 |
Introduction
The NHSnet was developed as part of a nationwide Information Management & Technology Strategy to create a National Health Service Intranet (NHSnet). The Government has now spent £7 million (approx. $11.5 million) to link every Primary Care Practice in Scotland to a secure connection to this network. This h... | 11720916 | PMC1761708 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Nov 19; 1(2):e7 |
"We are in the business of revealing, not suppressing information."
J. P. Kassirer, N. Eng. J. Med. 327, 1238 (1992).
In May 1999, the Director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Harold Vermus, proposed a project, then dubbed "E-biomed" [1] (now called "PubMed Central" [2]). In this propo... | 11720918 | PMC1761709 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Dec 31; 1(2):e9 |
Introduction
In the last 30 years, we have seen an explosion in basic and clinical research on disease pathophysiology and treatment. Coupled with increased demands on healthcare delivery systems, this rapid growth in scientific knowledge has made the practice of medicine increasingly complex. Local, national, and inte... | 11720915 | PMC1761710 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Nov 19; 1(2):e6 |
Introduction
The World Wide Web has become a medium to advertise and dispense medicines directly to consumers. Since little is known about the structure and "quality" of these "virtual pharmacies" in terms of how responsibly "online-prescriptions" are actually issued, we created a fictitious patient for whom the ordere... | 11720919 | PMC1761711 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Dec 31; 1(2):e10 |
Table 1 Binary Model Diagnostic Accuracy
Train Set
Test Set
Gallstones 100 % 92%
Ductal Cancer 100 % 59%
Total Binary
Model Accuracy 100 % 67%
Table 2 Analog Model of Diagnostic Accuracy
Train Set
Test Set
Gallstones 100 % 89%
Ductal Cancer 100 % 70%
Total Analog Model Accuracy 100 % 79.5% | 0 | PMC1761753 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 22:42:34 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Sep 19; 1(Suppl 1):e26 |
Medicine on the Internet
The evolution of the 'information age' in medicine is mirrored in the exponential growth of medical webpages, increasing number of online databases, and expanding services and publications available on the Internet. The handful of computers linked by the predecessor of the Internet in 1969 has ... | 0 | PMC1761771 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 22:42:31 | no | J Med Internet Res. 1999 Sep 19; 1(Suppl 1):e2 |
Cyberspace is a fast-changing, globally-networked, multicultural, and multilingual information environment with vast possibilities [1-9]. It calls into question national and international borders, cultural and ethical standards, regulations, and laws, which it bypasses and challenges [10-13]. In the health sector, self... | 11720927 | PMC1761840 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 31; 2(1):e8 |
Introduction
The Internet provides a new medium for interpersonal communication that holds the potential for delivering forms of psychotherapeutic interventions that are appropriate to the medium. The challenges facing psychotherapists lie in discovering what types of interventions are appropriate to this new medium an... | 11720924 | PMC1761841 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 31; 2(1):e5 |
Please note: This is a discussion paper. Feedback on this proposal may be given until April 14, 2000. (Please use the feedback form at http://mednetics.org/ethics/ehes_feedback.htm)
Note added on May 24, 2000: This draft is now obsolete. The final version of this article has been publishe... | 11720921 | PMC1761842 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Feb 29; 2(1):e2 |
After obtaining information regarding a 1996 finding that Polish authors had plagiarized the work of Danish researcher Jan Fallingborg, Marek Wronski (a cancer researcher from New York's Staten Island University Hospital) conducted a Medline search which revealed 30 additional manuscripts that contained passages allege... | 11720925 | PMC1761843 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 31; 2(1):e6 |
About the Internet Healthcare Coalition
As individuals take a larger role in managing their own healthcare, more consumers are independently seeking out health information via the Internet. Health professionals are also turning to the Internet to keep informed and interact with their patients. Given the vast amount of ... | 11720922 | PMC1761844 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 5; 2(1):e3 |
Note added after publication: For debate see also Letter to the Editor JMIR 2000; 2:e13 and the response
The Internet is a vast resource for consumers, but to realize its full potential it is necessary to ensure the quality of information, or at least to help consumers to assess the quality of information... | 11720926 | PMC1761845 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 31; 2(1):e7 |
The JRCSEd Cyberplagiarism Case: Chronology of Events
On 5 August 1999, a paper titled "The quality of surgical information on the Internet" (see Figure 1) was published in the Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (JRCSEd) [1]. The JRCSEd is a journal indexed in several bibliographical databases includ... | 11720923 | PMC1761846 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:13 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Mar 31; 2(1):e4 |
The green paper set forth below concerns ways to improve the quality of online communication between patients and health professionals (physicians, experts) in the absence of a pre-existing patient-physician relationship or face-to-face communication, and takes a first step towards proposing a set of ethical standards ... | 11720920 | PMC1761847 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:12 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Feb 24; 2(1):e1 |
Letter
Sir,
The JMIR editorial article of March 31, 2000 [1], made a number of careless and erroneous remarks about the HONcode (http://www.hon.ch/HONcode/). HON welcomes criticism as long as it's constructive, verified, based on fact, and fair. Your comments meet none of these criteria.
We want to rebut three points... | 11720932 | PMC1761850 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:13 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Jun 30; 2(2):e13 |
Introduction
Worldwide, an increasing number of research centers are using administrative databases for monitoring and evaluating health care systems. In several Canadian provinces, comprehensive health care data are made available for research not only by an insurance plan that covers almost the entire population, but... | 11720929 | PMC1761851 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:13 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Jun 23; 2(2):e10 |
Introduction
Extensible Markup Language (XML) Version 1.0 was endorsed as a Recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in February 1998 (http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210). W3C is a consortium assembling representatives from many of the leading IT companies, academic institutions, and public bodies ... | 11720931 | PMC1761852 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 19:40:13 | no | J Med Internet Res. 2000 Jun 30; 2(2):e12 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.