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For the past decade, the U.S. medical establishment has been adjusting to the rising popularity of herbal remedies and other dietary supplements. The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) created a new regulatory approach for products that included herbal products, vitamins, and minerals. Intended to...
15345365
PMC1247536
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A750-A753
Every year, cotton growers in the United States produce 20 million bales—some 9.6 billion pounds—of cotton fiber, or about one-fifth of total global production. The great majority of this fiber is destined for use in cloth, yet more than a quarter may never reach the fabric market: at each step throughout the productio...
15345366
PMC1247537
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A754-A757
Given the heat, humidity, and poor storage conditions of many tropical developing nations, mold readily grows in harvested crops such as maize and groundnuts. Such foods are dietary staples in many of these countries, and their consumption can lead to widespread exposure to aflatoxin, a mold toxin produced by Aspergill...
0
PMC1247538
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A759
The Worker Education and Training Branch (WETB) plans and administers grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements to help organizations develop institutional competency to train hazardous waste workers and emergency responders. The WETB staff has worked to develop specific initiatives to suppo...
0
PMC1247539
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A761
Understanding and Promoting Health Literacy The participating institutes, centers, and offices of the NIH and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) invite investigators to submit research grant applications on health literacy. The goal of this program announcement (PA) is to increase scientific understa...
0
PMC1247540
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A762-A763
In their article in the April issue of EHP, Opler et al. (2004) raise the intriguing possibility that prenatal exposure to the ubiquitous developmental neurotoxicant lead (Pb2+) may be associated with schizophrenia, an adult psychiatric disease. Although the study has certain limitations that the authors discussed, it ...
15345353
PMC1247541
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A724a
The article “Agricultural Task and Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides among Farmworkers” (Coronado et al. 2004) seems to be founded on an erroneous premise and presents virtually no data to estimate levels of worker or child exposure. Useful data generated in conjunction with this research probably exists, but they...
15345352
PMC1247542
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A724b-A725
The article “Magnetic-Field–Induced DNA Strand Breaks in Brain Cells of the Rat” by Lai and Singh (2004) is interesting. The possibility that exposure to anthropogenic nonionizing radiation and/or electromagnetic fields (EMFs) might increase oxidative potential and free radical burden in cells may be a unifying theme f...
15345355
PMC1247543
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A726a
I agree with Stevens that free radicals and changes in oxidative state in cells could play an important mediating role in some biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMFs), such as DNA damage. Certainly, cellular iron metabolism affects these processes. Genetic damage in cells can lead to malignancy ...
0
PMC1247544
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A726b
We would like to thank Bob Weinhold (2004) for his informative article documenting the issues facing humans in regard to infectious disease and the growing concern within the medical community that traditional thinking, approaches, and methods may well be inadequate to face the challenges ahead. We would also like to t...
15345357
PMC1247545
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A726c-A727
In his letter, Schaeffer concludes that because of the ongoing changes in diesel technology, “establishing standardized reference materials [of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs)] will be particularly challenging.” As amply illustrated by the work of DeMarini et al. (2004) and Singh et al. (2004), which prompted my commen...
0
PMC1247546
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A728a
I would like to correct a misimpression about the methods used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in monitoring for asbestos in the air following the collapse of the World Trade Center in “Health and Environmental Consequences of the World Trade Center Disaster” (Landrigan et al. 2004). The authors state...
15345360
PMC1247547
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A728b
Tinwell and Ashby (2004) provided a detailed evaluation of the joint action of a mixture of estrogenic chemicals using the immature rat uterotrophic assay. The researchers demonstrated that a mixture of estrogenic chemicals in which each individual chemical was present in the mixture at levels approximating the no obse...
15345361
PMC1247548
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A729a-A730
In “Cause-Specific Mortality and the Extended Effects of Particulate Pollution and Temperature Exposure” by Goodman et al. [ Environ Health Perspect 112:179–184 (2004)], Figures 2–4 were incorrect; the corrected figures appear below. EHP regrets the errors. The April 2004 news article “Reaching across the Border with ...
0
PMC1247549
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A729b
For at least two years the concentration of lead in Washington, D.C., drinking water has dramatically exceeded the action level at which the Safe Drinking Water Act requires water systems to address the problem. By this summer, additional steps had been taken to address water quality through treatment, but these steps ...
15384232
PMC1247550
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A735a
Scratching Out Data on Animal Antibiotic Effects Farmers use antibiotics to help keep livestock healthy and make them grow faster. Because of concerns that this practice encourages microbial resistance to these drugs, the GAO studied research needs and federal agency efforts on the problem. The GAO’s April 2004 report ...
0
PMC1247551
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A735b-A737
Although there are numerous ways children with asthma and allergies can reduce attacks and live a more normal life, researchers at the 2004 annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) in San Francisco said cigarette smoking in the home virtually negates those interventions. “The da...
0
PMC1247552
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A736a
Antibiotics are commonly used in food animal production to treat illness, promote growth, and ward off disease. These drugs and their metabolites appear in animal wastes and can eventually enter ground and surface waters following the common practice of applying manure to agricultural fields. Given that low levels of a...
0
PMC1247553
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A736b
Each year, according to the American Cancer Society, about 54,300 Americans are diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a cancer that originates in the lymph tissue, and about 19,400 people die from it. Several lines of evidence point to a possible association with pesticides. The incidence of NHL has roughly double...
0
PMC1247554
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:11
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A758a
In Bangladesh, naturally occurring arsenic contaminates some 10 million tube wells that about 30–40 million people depend on for drinking water. Scientists have already established that adults with heavy exposure to arsenic can suffer adverse impacts on cognitive functions such as learning and memory. However, there ha...
0
PMC1247555
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A758b-A759
Angus M. Gunn Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. 143 pp. ISBN: 0-313-31999-5, $55 cloth. This book was written as a sequel to an earlier volume by the same author on the impact of natural disasters, The Impact of Geology on the United States: A Reference Guide to Benefits and Hazards (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,...
0
PMC1247556
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A774a
Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction George G. Woodworth Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, 2004. 352 pp. ISBN: 0-471-46842-8, $89.95 Biostatistics and Epidemiology: A Primer for Health and Biomedical Professionals, 3rd ed. Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller New York:Springer-Verlag, 2004. 243 pp. ISBN: 0-387-40292-6, $34.9...
0
PMC1247557
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:12
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Sep; 112(13):A774b
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found at a variety of contaminated sites throughout the world from industries such as coal gasification, coke production, aluminum production, iron and steel foundries, and creosote and asphalt production. Some PAHs, for example, the well-studied benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are mut...
15471723
PMC1247558
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 15; 112(14):1341-1346
There is increasing evidence that particulate pollutants induce inflammatory responses in the cardiorespiratory system (Nel et al. 1998; Nightingale et al. 2000; Saldiva et al. 2002). These proinflammatory effects have been linked to the ability of particulate matter (PM), such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), to ge...
15471724
PMC1247559
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 7; 112(14):1347-1358
Substantial information concerning the contamination of northern marine food by organochlorines (OCs) is now available (Braune et al. 1999; Burkow and Kallenborn 2000; Muir et al. 1999). This family of compounds includes chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, mirex, and toxaphene] and ...
15471725
PMC1247560
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 18; 112(14):1359-1364
The historic 1952 pollution episode in London, when a rapid increase in smog led to dramatic increases in daily mortality, including infant mortality (Her Majesty’s Public Health Service 1954), stimulated early studies into the effect of air pollution on population health. There is now widespread evidence that short-te...
15471726
PMC1247561
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1365-1370
The Global Burden of Disease project, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an attempt to quantify and compare the level of illness at both world and regional levels. This can be done on a disease-by-disease basis (Murray and Lopez 1996) or in relation to various risk factors such as malnutrition; expo...
15471727
PMC1247562
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 22; 112(14):1371-1374
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a common wood preservative (American Wood Preservers Institute 2001; Bull 2000, 2001; CPSC 2002). Starting 1 January 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has banned CCA as a preservative for wood intended for residential use. Despite the ban in the United States, the C...
15471728
PMC1247563
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 17; 112(14):1375-1380
Breast milk has been suggested as a significant potential source of lead exposure to nursing infants (Silbergeld 1991), but relatively few data exist with which to evaluate and quantify this relationship. This phenomenon constitutes a potential public health problem in countries where environmental lead exposure is con...
15471729
PMC1247564
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 11; 112(14):1381-1385
Although ambient levels of the major criteria pollutants have declined in the United States over the last 30 years, much less is known about exposure to many of the 189 hazardous air pollutants identified in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (Clean Air Act Amendments 1990). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an impo...
15471730
PMC1247565
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 15; 112(14):1386-1392
Airborne phthalate esters are present at detectable levels across the surface of Earth. They were first identified in outdoor urban air (Cautreels and Van Cauwenberghe 1976a, 1976b) and subsequently have been recognized as global pollutants (Atlas and Giam 1981; Giam et al. 1978) and major constituents of indoor air (W...
15471731
PMC1247566
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 15; 112(14):1393-1397
A large body of evidence demonstrates that, in addition to parental smoking (Bosley et al. 1981; Jedrychowski et al. 1977; Kallen 1997a, 1997b; Lowe 1959; Martinez et al. 1994; Miller et al. 1976; Savitz et al. 1991; Shaw et al. 1996; Simpson 1957; Underwood et al. 1967; Wasserman et al. 1996; Wyszynski et al. 1997) an...
15471732
PMC1247567
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 21; 112(14):1398-1402
Agent Orange is a phenoxy herbicide that was widely used as a defoliant in Vietnam. A mixture of the herbicides 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], Agent Orange was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Most of the general population is exp...
15471733
PMC1247568
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 23; 112(14):1403-1408
Why We Need an Environmental Public Health Tracking Network At the turn of the 20th century, the American population faced significant health challenges. The recent shift in population from rural to urban that accompanied industrialization resulted in overcrowding in dilapidated housing served by inadequate water suppl...
15471734
PMC1247569
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1409-1413
The new millennium has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities for the advancement of public health. Scientific breakthroughs provide new insights into the genetic basis of health and disease, while analytical advances allow the identification and measurement of previously unrecognized threats. The translati...
15471735
PMC1247570
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1414-1418
Pesticides are chemicals or other products used to kill, repel, or control pests and include insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Effectively assessing human health risks from pesticide use and exposure depends on the timely availability of data that describe how, where, when, by whom, why, what type...
15471736
PMC1247571
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1419-1423
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children [American Lung Association (ALA) 2003] and has increased in prevalence over the past decades [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000]. According to CDC, the prevalence of current asthma among children 5–14 years of age increased from 4 to 7...
15471737
PMC1247572
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1424-1427
One of the primary goals of the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) is the development of the methods and data systems to link environmental data with chronic disease data in order to improve our understanding of the environmental determinants of disease [Centers for Disease Control and Preven...
15471738
PMC1247573
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1428-1433
Even though the environment is known to play an important role in human health, no comprehensive, integrated, state or national system exists to track the countless hazards, exposures, and ensuing health effects that could be due to environmental factors [Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) 2004]. For ...
15471739
PMC1247574
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1434-1439
The environment plays an important role in health and human development. Acute effects from exposure to environmental contaminants, such as pesticide poisoning, are well recognized, but the environmental link to most chronic diseases remains unclear. Researchers have linked exposure to specific environmental hazards wi...
15471740
PMC1247575
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct 3; 112(14):1440-1445
Scientists are accustomed to scrutiny such as experimental protocol reviews, oversight on research conduct, and critiques provided during the peer-review publication process. We especially anticipate the post-publication period during which others attempt to reproduce, validate, and then build on our work. All this sc...
15471707
PMC1247576
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A788
Patterns of disease in American children have changed dramatically in the past 200 years. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and tuberculosis notwithstanding, vaccines, antibiotics, and improved hygiene have controlled the classic infectious diseases. Infant mortality h...
15471708
PMC1247577
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A789-A790
To clarify comments from Goozner and the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), I would like to provide the pertinent facts on my compliance with EHP’s policy on competing financial interest disclosure. First, I was on loan or “seconded” from Procter & Gamble (P&G) to the Organisation for Economic Co-operat...
0
PMC1247578
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A795-A796
In a recent article on the striking cluster of childhood leukemia in 2000–2001 near the Fallon Naval Air Station in Nevada, Steinmaus et al. (2004) referred to the potential relevance of rural–urban population mixing. The population-mixing hypothesis was generated by the observation of excesses of childhood leukemia in...
15471717
PMC1247579
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A797-A798
An alarming number of studies report that overnutrition and the resulting obesity are a growing health problem for children in industrialized nations and even some developing ones. The explosion of such studies might seem to suggest that starvation is a thing of the past, yet children in many developing countries still...
15471718
PMC1247580
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A802
Although the NIEHS is known primarily as a research institution, the institute is also charged with making its findings openly accessible to the public. As one of its efforts in this area, the NIEHS has developed its Environmental Health Science Education website to provide teaching materials for students and educators...
0
PMC1247581
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A805
The mission of the NIEHS is to reduce the burden of human illness and dysfunction from environmental causes by understanding the interrelationship between environmental factors, individual susceptibility, and age. The institute pursues this mission primarily through biomedical research, but in order for these findings ...
15471719
PMC1247582
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A806-A809
A variety of carcinogens have been shown to induce ras mutations in animal and human tumor models, and ras proto-oncogene mutations have been implicated in the development of many malignancies including pancreatic and breast cancers. However, few data exist associating parental exposures and ras mutations in their chil...
0
PMC1247583
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A809
As the 2004 hurricane season nears its end after an unprecedented run of flooding and other water damage, attention is turning once again to the health effects of toxic mold infestation. Exposure to mold in residential, public, and commercial buildings is thought to have caused health problems ranging from bleeding lun...
15515226
PMC1247584
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A810-A811
The first step to becoming a successful fugitive is to abandon all forms of conventional identification—driver’s license, passport, checking account. People who stay out of the commercial realm are extremely hard to find. The same is true of literature. Libraries, with their online catalogs and helpful reference librar...
0
PMC1247585
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A811
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed form of cancer among U.S. women, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in this group. For the year 2003 alone, the NCI estimated more than 212,000 new diagnoses and more than 40,000 deaths from breast cancer. A...
15515227
PMC1247586
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A812
In the last few decades, the importance of the relationship between humans and the environment has become prominent in the social consciousness. Recognition of this importance has come from new understanding of environmental health issues, including evidence that many environment-related health problems, such as asthma...
15471720
PMC1247587
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A814-A819
Support for these few crops, critics say, has compelled farmers to ignore other crops such as fruits, vegetables, and other grains. The market is flooded with products made from the highly subsidized crops, including sweeteners in the form of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), fats in the form of hydrogenated fats made f...
15471721
PMC1247588
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A820-A823
Burk’s research has centered on the characterization of the biological function of selenium, an essential human nutrient found in virtually all tissues, and the determination of selenoproteins responsible for that function. Early work on this grant identified and characterized selenoprotein-P (Se-P), a plasma protein m...
0
PMC1247589
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A827
Novel Approaches to Enhance Animal Stem Cell Research The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage research to enhance animal stem cells as model biological systems. Innovative approaches to isolate, characterize, and identify totipotent and multipotent stem cells from nonhuman biomedical research anim...
0
PMC1247590
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A828-A829
In the November 2003 issue of EHP, Liu et al. (2003) concluded that “relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes.” Although this may be true from a purely statistical sense, there appear to be limitations of this research that suggest cautious interpreta...
15471710
PMC1247591
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A792a
We thank Bukowski for his critical comments on our article (Liu et al. 2003), in which we reported associations between ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada. In recent years, air pollution has come to be recognized as an important risk factor for a number of adverse health outcomes,...
0
PMC1247592
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A792b-A794
I read with interest the article “Lessons Learned? Chemical Plant Safety since Bhopal,” by Ernie Hood (2004). I would recommend it to all interested in safety in chemical plants or safety in other fields. As mentioned in the article (Hood 2004), this year is the 20th anniversary of the Bhopal tragedy. An international...
15471712
PMC1247593
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A794a
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) recently investigated conflict of interest disclosures in a cross-section of leading scientific and medical journals, including EHP, to determine adherence to their own policies. EHP’s conflict of interest disclosure policy (EHP 2003) outlines a comprehensive list o...
15471711
PMC1247594
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A794b-A795
Goozner contacted me by e-mail on 24 June 2004, and I promptly, honestly, and to the best of my knowledge answered questions regarding his claim that I did not disclose a conflict of interest while publishing our article (Bilrha et al. 2003) in EHP. Although I thought I made it clear that he was wrong in his allegation...
0
PMC1247595
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A796a
We commend the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) for their investigation into conflicts of interest statements in leading scientific and medical journals, but we take exception to our inclusion (Gulson et al. 2004) as an example of providing misinformation to EHP. Goozner’s sweeping statement that my co...
0
PMC1247596
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A796b
In his letter, Goozner suggested that I may have failed to disclose a competing financial interest in regard to an article published in EHP. In this article, “Highly Chlorinated PCBs Inhibit the Human Xenobiotic Response Mediated by the Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor (SXR)” (Tabb et al. 2004), we described differences...
0
PMC1247597
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A796c-A797
For years, scientists and health experts have traced child lead exposures to paint, leaded gasoline, soils, dust, lead-soldered cans and water pipes, and lead-glazed pottery. More recently, tests have shown that something as presumably innocuous as candies—specifically certain ones made in Mexico—may also be a source o...
15515224
PMC1247598
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A803a
e-Hospitals for Better Care In July 2004 DHHS secretary Tommy Thompson announced a 10-year plan to improve the delivery of health care across the nation using electronic health records. The plan—initiated by President Bush in April—calls for continuously updated and accessible electronic health records, which can give ...
0
PMC1247599
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A803b-A805
Americans will retire about 100 million cell phones this year when they switch to new models or new carriers, according to INFORM, a nonprofit environmental research group. Many go into the trash, ending up in landfills, and still more are tossed into closets and drawers, where they await the same ultimate destination....
0
PMC1247600
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A804a
Nearly 23,000 children are hurt doing farmwork in the United States each year, and approximately 100 children are killed, according to the National Agricultural Statistics Service. To combat this problem, the National Children’s Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety in Marshfield, Wisconsin, developed the...
15515225
PMC1247601
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A804b
One of the body’s most important processes—energy production by mitochondria in the cell—can be significantly disrupted by exposure to ultrafine particulates, according to a team of researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Southern California [EHP 112:1347–1358]. Furthermore, th...
0
PMC1247602
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A824a
Several nations today ban or severely restrict the use of wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), but many existing structures still remain—for example, about 70% of existing U.S. single-family homes and 14% of public playgrounds incorporate CCA-treated wood. In recent years, scientists have studied how ar...
0
PMC1247603
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A824b-A825
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Washington, DC:National Academies Press, 2004. 210 pp. ISBN: 0-309-09249-3, $44.95 cloth. Children’s Health, The Nation’s Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health examines the information needed to help policymakers and program service providers improve and moni...
0
PMC1247604
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A844a
America’s Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade? Harvey Blatt Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2004. 272 pp. ISBN 0-262-02572-8, $27.95 Climate Change—Environment and Civilization in the Middle East Arie S. Issar, Mattanyah Zohar London:Springer-Verlag, 2004. 252 pp. ISBN: 3-540-21086-5, $137.99 Defying Ocea...
0
PMC1247605
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):A844b
Occupational carcinogens occupy a special place among the different classes of human carcinogens. The occupational environment has been a most fruitful one for investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of human cancer. Up to the 1970s, most recognized human carcinogens were substances or circumstances found primarily...
15531427
PMC1247606
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 15; 112(15):1447-1459
Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer and the second most important cause of cancer-related death in Western countries, affecting men and women about equally. The etiology of sporadic colorectal cancer is relatively poorly understood, although diet is thought to play an important role in modifying ris...
15531428
PMC1247607
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 15; 112(15):1460-1466
Endocrine disruption is now evident at the global scale for humans (Norgil Damgaard et al. 2002), mammals (Kirk et al. 2003), and aquatic organisms (Oberdörster and Cheek 2001). Both natural and anthropogenic chemicals have been implicated as the cause for this problem. Concern is mounting about the number of potential...
15531429
PMC1247608
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 15; 112(15):1467-1471
The choice of laboratory animal diet for rodent studies to determine the endocrine-disrupting potential of chemicals is currently under intense scrutiny (Lawton 2003; Odum et al. 2001; Owens et al. 2003; Owens and Koëter 2003; Thigpen et al. 2003). This is because the diet selected can affect both assay control values ...
15531430
PMC1247609
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 21; 112(15):1472-1480
The interest in 1,3-butadiene (BD) is not a new topic of concern within the environmental community. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (1990) added BD to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hazardous air pollutants list. It ranks 36th among the top 50 most produced chemicals within the United States [Occu...
15531432
PMC1247611
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 16; 112(15):1488-1495
Lead has been recognized as a poison for millennia and has recently been the focus of public health regulations in most of the developed world. Consequently, fatalities and symptomatic lead poisoning have declined dramatically during the latest decades and are continuing to decline (Kaufmann et al. 2003). In recognitio...
15531433
PMC1247612
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 21; 112(15):1496-1498
The populations most sensitive to lead exposure from various sources are pregnant women and young children (National Research Council 1993). Ongoing lead exposure not only directly affects health, but also allows the accumulation of lead in tissues such as bone. During pregnancy, the mobilization of bone lead increases...
15531434
PMC1247613
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 27; 112(15):1499-1507
The presence of environmental androgens in biologically effective concentrations was first demonstrated > 20 years ago when a population of the eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, was discovered in which the females were all masculinized (Howell et al. 1980). Since then, other populations of masculinized mosquito...
15531435
PMC1247614
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 22; 112(15):1508-1511
The metals cadmium and lead are ubiquitous environmental pollutants of increasing worldwide concern because of their renal toxicity and long residence time in the kidney [International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) 1992; Jarup et al. 1998; Madden and Fowler 2000; Satarug et al. 2000]. These metals are absorbed by...
15531436
PMC1247615
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 28; 112(15):1512-1518
The effect of the dietary background of phytoestrogens on the outcome of rodent bioassays used to identify and assess the reproductive hazard of endocrine-disrupting chemicals is controversial. Phytoestrogens, including genistein, daidzein, and coumestrol, are fairly abundant in soybeans and alfalfa, common ingredients...
15531437
PMC1247616
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 16; 112(15):1519-1526
Mobile source emissions are important contributors to ambient air pollution and have been associated with cancer-related and non-cancer-related health effects. Recent work has shown that health effects and ambient air pollution increase with proximity to roadways, suggesting that motor vehicle traffic (engine emissions...
15531438
PMC1247617
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 15; 112(15):1527-1538
Since the 1970s, there has been concern that inhalation of diesel exhaust may cause lung cancer in humans. Diesel exhaust particles are respirable and contain mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds on a carbonaceous core (Schenker 1980). In > 35 studies of workers exposed to freshly generated diesel exhaust, an excess lu...
15531439
PMC1247618
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 5; 112(15):1539-1543
There is concern about compounds in the environment that could partially mimic the effects of estrogen, which could possibly explain the rising incidence of reproductive abnormalities and certain cancers (Miller and Sharpe 1998). These environmental estrogens are a structurally very diverse group of compounds that can ...
15531440
PMC1247619
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 21; 112(15):1544-1549
Since the emergence and rapid spread of the etiologic agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)—in late 2002 and during the first 6 months of 2003, great progress has been made in understanding the biology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of both the disease and the virus (SARS-CoV). ...
15531441
PMC1247620
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 27; 112(15):1550-1556
A warming climate may result in increased morbidity and mortality related to ozone, an impact that is often overshadowed by concerns about the direct effects of increased heat stress (Githeko and Woodward 2003; Kalkstein and Greene 1997; McMichael et al. 2003). Peak ambient O3 concentrations are typically observed in s...
15531442
PMC1247621
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 16; 112(15):1557-1563
In the aftermath of September 11th, the clouds of dust and smoke that stood for days in place of the World Trade Center’s (WTC) twin towers raised serious health concerns among exposed workers and residents. The Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) operated a continuous rescue/recovery effort from 11 September 2001 ...
15531443
PMC1247622
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 22; 112(15):1564-1569
Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are among the most frequent congenital abnormalities in male births. Cryptorchidism (maldescent of the testis) is observed in 1–5% of full-term male births (Toppari et al. 1996) and is a risk factor for subfertility and testicular cancer. Hypospadias (abnormal location of the orifice of t...
15531444
PMC1247623
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 3; 112(15):1570-1576
Although the rate of childhood lead poisoning has been decreasing because of the reduction in exposure to environmental lead sources and increased education, lead poisoning is still considered to be one of the most prevalent and preventable childhood health problems in New York State. New York State has the largest pro...
15531445
PMC1247624
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 18; 112(15):1577-1582
Because children spend as much as 80–90% of their time indoors, the possible origins of many of the health risks they face can be traced to homes, schools, and other indoor environments (U.S. EPA 2002). Prevention of environmental disease among children has important social and economic benefits. Landrigan et al. (2002...
15531446
PMC1247625
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov 18; 112(15):1583-1588
We are grateful for the opportunity to respond to Storm and Mazor’s comments about our study “Apartment Residents’ and Day Care Workers’ Exposures to Tetrachloroethylene and Deficits in Visual Contrast Sensitivity” (Schreiber et al. 2002). We investigated potential relationships between environmental exposure to the dr...
0
PMC1247626
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A864-A865
Pregnant women who consume significant amounts of seafood may have a new reason to take precautions against methylmercury, the most hazardous form of mercury: a recent study suggests that when expectant women consume fish containing high levels of the toxicant, their children’s future cardiovascular health may be jeopa...
0
PMC1247627
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A870
Many diseases fall under the umbrella of “cardiovascular disease,” including high blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, and congenital heart disease. These conditions affect young and old alike, as well as every ethnic group. In the United States, heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women. In 200...
0
PMC1247628
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A873
The National Toxicology Program (NTP), a cross-agency unit of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is one of the focal points for government efforts aimed at generating, collecting, and coordinating data used for guiding public health decisions. Now 25 years old, the NTP is in the middle of a strategic p...
15531421
PMC1247629
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A874-A878
Jensen CD, Block G, Buffler P, Ma X, Selvin S, Month S. 2004. Maternal dietary risk factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (United States). Cancer Causes Control 15(6):559–570. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer (with 2,400 cases diagnosed each year in those under age 20)...
0
PMC1247630
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:50
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A877
The inexpensive sweater you buy in New Jersey, the bargain dresser you buy in Wisconsin, and the low-cost toys you buy in Ohio all have one thing in common: most likely they were made in Asia, and chances are they entered the United States through a Southern California port. These consumer goods may be easy on the pock...
15540280
PMC1247631
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A879
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading killer in many developed countries, and is soon expected to be the leading killer in all countries. A number of factors have raised CVD to this unsavory stature, among them lack of exercise, poor diet, and smoking. But evidence has slowly been building to indicate that exposu...
15531422
PMC1247632
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A880-A887
Coal could be called energy’s comeback kid: sometimes forgotten, perhaps underappreciated, but always available for one more shot at the big time. It is one of humankind’s original sources of energy, and is used worldwide for cooking, heating, forging steel, and making electricity. In the United States, coal’s role tod...
15531423
PMC1247633
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A888-A891
The global market for industrial wood products (including wood and paper) is a $400 billion industry, according to From Forests to Floorboards: Trends in Industrial Roundwood Production and Consumption, a 2001 report from the World Resources Institute. The report notes that real prices for timber rose 30% between 1975 ...
15531424
PMC1247634
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A892-A895
Challenging the Genomic Model of Effects Current thinking holds that environmental estrogens cause endocrine disruption when these steroid mimics enter the cell’s nucleus and turn genes on or off, or up or down, by binding to DNA. According to this genomic–nuclear pathway model, many xenoestrogens are viewed as harmles...
0
PMC1247635
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A897
The Susceptibility and Population Health Branch (SPHB) plans and administers extramural programs that study the complex interplay of all factors in the environment. The overarching theme of susceptibility, broadly determined by genetic, behavioral, and sociocultural factors, is present in all SPHB programs. The hallmar...
0
PMC1247636
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:51
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov; 112(15):A899