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Every human being is the author of his own health or disease.
— Siddhartha Gautama, The Buddha, 563–483 BC
Many Americans might agree with this statement, but if asked to rate their own physical, mental, and health beliefs, what would their responses be? How would they respond at midlife? How Healthy Are We? A Nation... | 0 | PMC1253477 | CC BY | 2022-01-31 23:16:04 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Jun 15; 1(3):A12 |
The title of the article “Law as a Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases: Expanding the Spectrum of Effective Public Health Strategies” appeared incorrectly in the article and in the suggested citation of the article as “Law as a Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases: Expanding the Range of Effective Public Health Strate... | 0 | PMC1253478 | CC BY | 2022-01-27 23:15:23 | no | Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Jun 15; 1(3):A13 |
Background
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in humans, which has been recognized as an emerging tick-borne disease in the United States and Europe [1,2]. The disease was first described in the United States in 1994 [3,4] and in Slovenia in 1997 [5].... | 16202127 | PMC1253508 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:20 | no | Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2005 Oct 3; 4:15 |
Background
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is an uncommon primary bone neoplasm that usually occurs in the long bones. It is rarely encountered in the skull where it is preferentially seen to involve the sphenoid and the temporal bones. It is a benign neoplasm but can be locally aggressive. A tendency towards local recu... | 16162299 | PMC1253509 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:26 | no | BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2005 Sep 15; 5:8 |
Background
Over the past years concerns are rising about the use of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in health care. The calls for an increase in the practice of EBM, seem to be obstructed by many barriers preventing the implementation of evidence-based thinking and acting in general practice. There is a growing need to d... | 16153300 | PMC1253510 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:12 | no | BMC Fam Pract. 2005 Sep 9; 6:37 |
Background
A large variance in the utilization of health technology (concerning both drugs, equipment, and medical/surgical procedures as well as the organizational and support framework for such performances) is increasingly evident, putting patients at risk of receiving unnecessary care, or of being deprived of perfo... | 16171523 | PMC1253511 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:31:50 | no | BMC Health Serv Res. 2005 Sep 19; 5:62 |
Background
Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly transmitted, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms [1]. HD is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the amino-terminal portion of the protein huntingtin (htt), which appar... | 16202123 | PMC1253512 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:33 | no | BMC Med Genet. 2005 Oct 3; 6:35 |
Background
Like many countries in the world, the discipline of family medicine is not well established in Japan. This is surprising, given an effective national health insurance system [1,2], and large number of ambulatory care physicians in Japan. In 2002, about 34.4% of physicians reported working as a solo practitio... | 16162298 | PMC1253513 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:57 | no | BMC Med Educ. 2005 Sep 15; 5:33 |
Background
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium known for producing protein crystals with pesticidal properties. These toxins are widely sought after for controlling agricultural pests due to both their specificity and their applicability in transgenic plants. Although any particular toxin has a desirably restricted h... | 16181492 | PMC1253514 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:40 | no | BMC Microbiol. 2005 Sep 24; 5:52 |
Background
Cocaine abuse has been known to have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Its toxicity has been associated with myocardial ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents and mesenteric ischemia. The pathophysiology of cocaine-related renal injury is multifactorial and involves renal hemodynamic changes, al... | 16176587 | PMC1253515 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:44 | no | BMC Nephrol. 2005 Sep 22; 6:10 |
Background
Mental health researchers view mental disorders as having complex causes involving an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors. However, the public's beliefs about causes are generally less sophisticated. Surveys of the public in a range of Western countries have shown a predominant belief i... | 16174303 | PMC1253516 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:33:03 | no | BMC Psychiatry. 2005 Sep 21; 5:33 |
Background
Patients with heart failure (HF), left ventricular dysfunction and left bundle branch block (LBBB) can be treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) [1], which can be obtained with both biventricular pacing or left ventricular (LV) pacing. Good results have been reported with the two types of pacin... | 16168058 | PMC1253517 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:31 | no | Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2005 Sep 16; 3:29 |
Background
The higher observed frequency of chromosomal abnormality among infertile men compared to the general population provided early evidence that male fertility is influenced by genetic factors impacting gamete development [1]. Many of these genes have been localized to the Y-chromosome, including SRY, AZF, RBM, ... | 16162283 | PMC1253518 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:33 | no | Cell Chromosome. 2005 Sep 14; 4:2 |
Background
The central nervous system (CNS) including brain and spinal cord is extremely susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic insults compared with peripheral organ systems such as the liver, kidney, lung, or intestines. The mechanism underlying this susceptibility is not completely understood. Many theories have been propo... | 16174300 | PMC1253519 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:37:38 | no | Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2005 Sep 20; 2:7 |
Background
Practitioners of manual therapy commonly encounter patients presenting with shoulder pain and symptoms associated with rotator cuff pathology. Shoulder pain is the most common extraspinal complaint encountered in primary care clinics, and in clinical frequency is exceeded only by low back and neck pain [1]. ... | 16168053 | PMC1253520 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:23 | no | Chiropr Osteopat. 2005 Sep 16; 13:20 |
Introduction
Profilins are well-known ubiquitous cytoskeleton proteins which are thought to be a link between the microfilament system and signal transduction pathways [1]. Profilin was first recognized as an allergen in birch pollen, called Bet v 2 [2]. Currently, plant profilins have been shown to be highly cross-rea... | 16153305 | PMC1253521 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:36:24 | no | Clin Mol Allergy. 2005 Sep 10; 3:13 |
Background
In order to make policies and strategies for control and prevention of psychiatric disorders, their prevalence in each specific community should be determined [1]. Population-based studies of psychiatric morbidity in Iran are rare. Many studies have been conducted in primary health care settings, or on speci... | 16185355 | PMC1253522 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 18:01:01 | no | Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2005 Sep 26; 1:16 |
Although the pathophysiology of asthma is clearly defined, the psychological influences are currently less well understood [1]. Depression is one of the most prevalent psychological problems in allergic patients [2], though it is often regarded as a somewhat 'natural reaction' to the diagnosis of a significant illness ... | 16185365 | PMC1253523 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 18:01:02 | no | Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2005 Sep 27; 1:18 |
Background
The strategic health objectives of Vision 2020 in Ghana envisage: a significant reduction in the rates of infant, child and maternal mortality; effective control of the risk factors that expose individuals to major communicable diseases; increased access to health services, especially in rural areas; establi... | 16188021 | PMC1253524 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:14 | no | Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2005 Sep 27; 3:9 |
Introduction
Metastatic neoplasms of the breast are very rare [1,2]. They may mimic benign and malignant primary neoplasms both clinically and radiologically [3], and the clinical diagnosis often goes unsuspected, especially when the first manifestation of the clinical picture is a breast tumor and the existence of a p... | 16174298 | PMC1253525 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:36:22 | no | Cytojournal. 2005 Sep 20; 2:17 |
Background
Functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may be impaired in sickle cell disease (SCD) due to morbid events, such as stroke, or other organ system failures. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSD) found that morbid events such as strokes that impaired function often preceded de... | 16129027 | PMC1253526 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:13 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Aug 29; 3:50 |
Background
Quality of life is a multidimensional construct composed of functional, physical, emotional, social and (newly introduced) spiritual well-being [1,2]. In breast cancer patients, Levine and Targ [3] found significant correlations of spirituality and spiritual well-being with functional well-being, while items... | 16144546 | PMC1253527 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:14 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Sep 6; 3:53 |
Background
The osteoarthritis (OA) disease process begins much earlier than radiographic changes can be detected on plain radiographs. Individuals with such incipient OA may represent an attractive target group for future therapy aimed at slowing or stopping the further progression of OA. Individuals that have undergon... | 16188034 | PMC1253528 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:14 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Sep 27; 3:59 |
Background
A growing body of scientific evidence has brought to public attention the negative effects of physical inactivity on health and the benefits of a physically active lifestyle [1,2]. Despite the well-documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular physical activity (PA) [3,4], physical inact... | 16159404 | PMC1253529 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:04 | no | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2005 Sep 13; 2:12 |
Introduction
Studies in both humans and animals indicate that lipid metabolism is altered in chronic lead exposure [1-6]. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this lead-induced alterations are not completely understood. Lead has been shown to accelerate lipid oxidation in the presence of hemoglobin or Fe2+ [7,... | 16191200 | PMC1253530 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:19 | no | Lipids Health Dis. 2005 Sep 28; 4:19 |
Background
RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous mechanism of RNA dependent degradation of specific mRNA by a protein complex called the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) [1]. This mechanism was first characterized in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an intrinsic protective response against invaded viral RN... | 16191203 | PMC1253531 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:40:08 | no | Mol Pain. 2005 Sep 28; 1:29 |
Introduction
Sperm morphology is regarded as a significant prognostic factor for fertilization and pregnancy [1]. Abnormal sperm morphology is one of the most common factors of male infertility. Morphological changes are also considered to be a potential target in contraceptive development. There is, therefore, an urge... | 16188038 | PMC1253532 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:05 | no | J Nanobiotechnology. 2005 Sep 27; 3:9 |
Background
In contrast with an elaborate nest-building process, following parturition, maternal care in rabbits is restricted to a single, brief (around 3–5 min) nursing bout per day, an activity that is displayed with circadian periodicity during the dark phase of daily photoperiod (around 02:00 h) [1]. Despite the sh... | 16188031 | PMC1253533 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:37:12 | no | Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2005 Sep 27; 3:50 |
Background
The Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an essential regulator of viral replication and a critical determinant of the HTLV-induced diseases. These include the aggressive and fatal malignancy of CD4+ T-lymphocytes termed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) [1-3]. Several lines of evidence in... | 16164752 | PMC1253534 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:36:39 | no | Retrovirology. 2005 Sep 15; 2:54 |
Background
Viral vectors based on primate and non-primate lentiviruses have been shown to be efficient for gene delivery to a variety of cell types both in vitro and in vivo and may offer considerable advantages in gene therapy strategies [1,2]. Lentiviral vectors can provide stable gene expression following integratio... | 16168051 | PMC1253535 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:36:38 | no | Retrovirology. 2005 Sep 16; 2:55 |
Introduction
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of two calcium-binding proteins that belong to the S100 family: myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) and MRP14. MRP8 (10.8 kDa) is also known as p8, L1 light chain, calgranulin A, and cystic fibrosis antigen (CFA). MPR14 (13.2 kDa) is also referred to as p14, L1 heavy chain, and c... | 16191197 | PMC1253536 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:28 | no | J Transl Med. 2005 Sep 28; 3:36 |
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae are major global health problems [1]. It is estimated that 400 million people worldwide are HBV carriers [2]. The natural history of hepatitis B is complex and is influenced by many factors, including age at infection, viral factors (HBV genotype, viral mutations, leve... | 16191199 | PMC1253537 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:59 | no | Virol J. 2005 Sep 28; 2:82 |
Over the past two decades there have been significant achievements in the control of a handful of important human tropical infections [1]. These achievements include the substantive reductions in the prevalence and incidence of the so-called neglected diseases such as lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, guinea worm, ... | 16212468 | PMC1253619 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:16 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 11; 2(11):e336 |
The elimination of disparities in environmental health requires attention to both environmental hazards and social conditions [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2003a; Institute of Medicine 1999]. However, two major challenges are implicit in this statement: first, to understand how social processes may interr... | 15579407 | PMC1253653 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 16; 112(17):1645-1653 |
Copper is required for the function of several cuproenzymes; therefore, its presence is essential for different physiological functions (Linder 1991). Cu, however, is able to generate free radicals and oxidize cellular components through its redox activity (Aust et al. 1985). These conflicting properties demand a close... | 15579408 | PMC1253654 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 17; 112(17):1654-1657 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important environmental contaminants that are generated by the incomplete combustion of organic compounds. PAHs enter the environment through natural sources such as forest fires and seeps in ocean floors and through anthropogenic activities, including combustion of fossil fu... | 15579409 | PMC1253655 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 18; 112(17):1658-1664 |
Despite the ubiquitous use of insecticides and subsequent exposure among the general population [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2003; Hill et al. 1995; MacIntosh et al. 1999], there are limited human studies investigating associations between exposure to contemporary-use insecticides at environmental ... | 15579410 | PMC1253656 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 7; 112(17):1665-1670 |
During daily life, people are exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels related to work environment, urban traffic, household appliances, discos, and the like (Kawecka-Jaszcz 1991; Lang et al. 1992). The World Health Organization (Berglund et al. 1999) estimated that approximately 20% of the European population is ... | 15579411 | PMC1253657 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 22; 112(17):1671-1672 |
Although there has been a substantial decline in lead exposure in the United States during the past couple of decades (Pirkle et al. 1994), mobilization of existing lead stored in bone potentially represents an important endogenous source of exposure. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that lead may be mobilized fr... | 15579412 | PMC1253658 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 7; 112(17):1673-1678 |
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica is associated with the development of pulmonary silicosis (Hnizdo and Vallyathan 2003; Reiser and Last 1979) and an increased risk for lung cancer (McDonald 1996). Silica can cause direct DNA damage and mammalian cell transformation (Daniel et al. 1995; Shi et al. 1994). The ... | 15579413 | PMC1253659 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 16; 112(17):1679-1685 |
Growing evidence from published studies has shown increased all-cause and specific-cause mortality from short-term exposures to air pollution (Fairley 1999; Katsouyanni et al. 1997; Pope at al. 1995; Schwartz 1993; Schwartz and Dockery 1992). An important piece of that evidence comes from the National Mortality and Mor... | 15579414 | PMC1253660 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 7; 112(17):1686-1690 |
Epidemiologic studies often collect quantitative measurement data to improve precision and reduce bias in exposure assessment and in the estimation of the effect of exposure on risk of disease, as measured by odds ratios (Hatch and Thomas 1993; Sim 2002). Some measurements serve as biomarkers for “dose”—for example, re... | 15579415 | PMC1253661 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 13; 112(17):1691-1696 |
Modeling is often the only cost-effective tool for making exposure and risk assessments; however, an evaluation of such modeling is difficult, especially if it is for a pathway-specific model such as a dietary exposure model. A biomarker, such as urinary metabolite, which is often used to evaluate a model prediction, i... | 15579416 | PMC1253662 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 16; 112(17):1697-1703 |
Arsenic is ubiquitous in nature and is released into the environment via industrial processes and agricultural and medical applications (Chan and Huff 1997). Because of the natural distribution, drinking water is the most common source of arsenic exposure for the general population (Gebel 2000), and millions of people ... | 15579417 | PMC1253663 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 27; 112(17):1704-1710 |
Bone mineral composition in mammals is based on a complex set of interrelated mechanisms and is influenced by various nutritional and environmental factors (e.g., Ganong 1991; Johansson and Melhus 2001; Johansson et al. 2002; Leder et al. 2001; Michaelsson et al. 2003; Promislow et al. 2002; Sarazin et al. 2000). Furth... | 15579418 | PMC1253664 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 13; 112(17):1711-1716 |
Temporal, spatial, and other special circumstances can result in disproportionate environmental exposures and may play a role in differential health outcomes. For example, numerous studies highlight the disparate impact of asthma and allergies on specific subsets of the population, including minorities and poor familie... | 15579419 | PMC1253665 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 13; 112(17):1717-1724 |
Major worldwide attention has focused on the possibility that disruption of reproductive systems by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be affecting the reproductive health of wildlife populations (Guillette and Gunderson 2001; Kime 1998; Tyler et al. 1998; Van Der Kraak 1998) and possibly, of humans (Colborn and... | 15579420 | PMC1253666 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 4; 112(17):1725-1733 |
Phthalates, diesters of phthalic acid, are a family of multifunctional chemicals that are widely used in personal and consumer products. Phthalates are used to hold color and scent in consumer and personal care products (Koo et al. 2002); as solvents in paints, glue, insect repellents, lubricants, and adhesives [Agency... | 15579421 | PMC1253667 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 16; 112(17):1734-1740 |
The advent of mobile telephones, now used by about 1.6 billion people worldwide, has been accompanied by an upsurge in public and media concern about the possible hazards of this new technology, and specifically of radiofrequency field (RF) exposure. Although some epidemiologic research was conducted several decades ag... | 15579422 | PMC1253668 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 23; 112(17):1741-1754 |
With the widespread presence of environmental health hazards in our communities, concern about health risks for children has increased among the general public and the media, as well as among public and private organizations. In a national survey of parents, 41% percent stated they “worry a lot” about their children’s ... | 15579423 | PMC1253669 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 23; 112(17):1755-1760 |
The combination of public health benefits and environmental risks associated with DDT has made use of the pesticide controversial (Walker et al. 2003). DDT was once used extensively throughout the world, for both agricultural and public health purposes [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 2002]. Us... | 15579424 | PMC1253670 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 7; 112(17):1761-1767 |
Ozone is an important component of air pollution. Ground-level O3 in urban air is formed in a photochemical reaction between oxygen and nitrogen dioxide from fossil fuel emissions under the influence of sunlight and volatile hydrocarbons. Therefore, the O3 levels tend to be high in areas with high intensity of ultra-vi... | 15579425 | PMC1253671 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 13; 112(17):1768-1771 |
At the time of the World Trade Center (WTC) tragedy, scientists and community members raised concerns about the effects on pregnant women and their children of exposure to the dust, smoke, and fumes. Analysis of dust samples from lower Manhattan in the days after the WTC event yielded a wide range of toxicants and irri... | 15579426 | PMC1253672 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec 8; 112(17):1772-1778 |
The pictures during wars and conflicts usually bring to our living rooms the misery of human suffering. When conflicts are over, the news usually concentrates on reconstruction issues. However, the legacy of conflicts might also include longer-term security threats, such as environmental degradation, damaged infrastruc... | 15579398 | PMC1253673 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A976 |
More than a decade after the end of the Cold War, the United States is spending 12 times as much on nuclear weapons and production as it does on programs to find and dispose of nuclear weapons, according to a recent report by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a Washington, D.C.–based environmental organizat... | 15579404 | PMC1253674 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A984 |
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) has long been known for the quality of its programming, which runs the gamut from children’s shows to revealing documentaries. Now PBS is taking its talents to the Internet with an award-winning series, POV’s Borders. An outgrowth of PBS’s long-running television series POV, each y... | 0 | PMC1253675 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A987 |
When it comes to the ethics of health research, “there’s been a presumption that ethicists and ethics committees will be in charge and solve ethical problems,” says Ann Cook, director of the National Rural Bioethics Project at the University of Montana in Missoula. More and more, however, environmental health researche... | 0 | PMC1253676 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A988-A990 |
Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Gilliland F, Vora H, Thomas D, Berhane K, McConnell R, Kuenzli N, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Margolis H, Bates D, Peters J. 2004. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. N Engl J Med 351(11):1057–1067.
Mounting evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution has ... | 0 | PMC1253677 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A991 |
Breast cancer strikes 1 in 7 American women, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the United States. Although certain genetic factors can play a part in the etiology of the disease, scientists are studying other important factors including estrogen-related factors, lifestyle choices, and environm... | 15593452 | PMC1253678 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A992 |
War is as old as humanity, but the study of its environmental health effects is just beginning. Age-old problems still follow war—lack of food, shelter, water, and sanitation, risk of infectious diseases, and psychological trauma. But war today, in all its modern permutations, can also saddle populations with new threa... | 15579406 | PMC1253679 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A994-A1003 |
Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was ratified by United Nations (UN) member countries in 1948, the principle of basic human rights has gained global acceptance. In recent years, proponents of environmental justice have extended that principle into the sphere of the environment, driven by a recognition th... | 15579396 | PMC1253680 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1006-A1009 |
Located a few miles from Anchorage, Alaska’s Eagle River Flats is a coastal saltwater marsh teeming with fish, wildlife—and unexploded mortar and artillery shells. The marsh lies on the Department of Defense’s (DOD) 62,000-acre training facility at Fort Richardson, headquarters to the Army’s Alaskan command and control... | 15593453 | PMC1253681 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1004-A1005 |
The Superfund Basic Research Program (SBRP) is pleased to announce that Anne Spuches of Dartmouth College is the recipient of the seventh annual Karen Wetterhahn Memorial Award. The award was presented to Spuches on 4 November 2004 at the SBRP Annual Meeting at the University of Washington in Seattle.
The SBRP present... | 0 | PMC1253682 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1019 |
NIGMS National Centers for Systems Biology
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) currently supports the analysis of complex biological systems through investigator-initiated research project grants. The resources needed to conduct the multifaceted, multidisciplinary projects that may be required to... | 0 | PMC1253683 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1020-A1021 |
I read with great interest the excellent article by Mahaffey et al. (2004), which further describes the characteristics of the 1,709 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000 who were sampled for total and organic mercury levels in blood. It adds valuable detail to the initial r... | 15579400 | PMC1253684 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A978a |
I am pleased to submit this letter as a representative of the American Chemistry Council Brominated Flame Retardants Industry Panel (BFRIP). The BFRIP is composed of producers of brominated flame retardants; member companies include Albemarle Corporation, Ameribrom Inc., and Great Lakes Chemical Corporation.
In a rece... | 15579399 | PMC1253685 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A978b-A979 |
I appreciate Cleet’s response to our paper concerning time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and related compounds in the U.S. population (Sjödin et al. 2004), and I appreciate the opportunity to address his comments.
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE), along with the lower brominated congeners, was th... | 0 | PMC1253686 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A979a |
I thank Fowler and Hobbs for their letter (2004) and their research (2003). The view that a complexity of factors impacts human population growth certainly makes sense, and they have correctly pointed out that scientifically organized efforts to deal with human problems must take account of manifold interconnected even... | 15579401 | PMC1253687 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A979b-A980 |
Concerning your editorial, “Embracing Scrutiny,” in the October issue of EHP [Environ Health Perspect 112:A788 (2004)], the need for full disclosure of all potential conflicts of interest by all coauthors contributing to a publication in EHP is commendable and obviously needed. Might I take this one step further and su... | 15579403 | PMC1253688 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A980a |
In the letter by Storm and Mazor [Environ Health Perspect 112:A862–A864 (2004)], the title of Table 1 was incorrect; also, P1 and P2 were not exposed but were unexposed children tested in another study. The corrected table is presented below.
At the time the October 2004 Forum article “Farm Chore Checkup” [Environ Hea... | 0 | PMC1253689 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A980b |
In June 2004, Mexico’s government enacted a law requiring industrial facilities to measure, record, and report emissions of 104 chemicals that formerly were subject only to voluntary reporting. Mexico now joins the United States and Canada in mandating public access to such information through databases and other means... | 15593451 | PMC1253690 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A985a |
Dodging the Bullet
Studies in the late 1990s showed that lead bullets were contaminating soil and groundwater near shooting ranges. Alternative “green” bullets made of tungsten were developed and first distributed to select Army facilities in 1999. Now researchers at the Stevens Institute of Technology have found that ... | 0 | PMC1253691 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A985b-A987 |
Pregnant women who contract the flu may increase the risk that their child will develop schizophrenia later in life, according to a recent addition to a growing body of research along these lines. The study, published in the August 2004 Archives of General Psychiatry, “is not definitive but is the strongest evidence th... | 0 | PMC1253692 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A986a |
The ubiquitin–proteasome system mediates protein recycling by tagging abnormal or unwanted proteins within cells with the small protein ubiquitin. Enzymes called proteasomes then dismantle the tagged proteins. Malfunctioning of this system is emerging as an important component of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Par... | 0 | PMC1253693 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A986b |
“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe.” Quoting naturalist John Muir, Michael Fischer, an environmental consultant formerly of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, introduced the 2004 Biennial Scientific Symposium on Children’s Health as Impacted by Envi... | 15579405 | PMC1253694 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:52 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A990a-A992 |
On 25 October 2004 NIH director Elias Zerhouni announced the appointment of David Schwartz as the new director of the NIEHS and the National Toxicology Program. Schwartz, who will assume his new duties on 4 April 2005, is currently director of the Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division and vice chair of researc... | 0 | PMC1253695 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A990b |
By Elizabeth C. Economy
Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press, 2004. 337 pp. ISBN: 0-8014-4220-6. $29.95 cloth.
In The River Runs Black, Elizabeth C. Economy strikes a fine balance between acknowledging the merits of the country’s continued economic transformation (especially in terms of reduced social, economic, and h... | 0 | PMC1253696 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1032a |
Academia to Biotechnology: Career Changes at any Stage
Jeffrey Gimble
Burlington, MA:Elsevier, 2004. 186 pp. ISBN: 0-12-284151-4, $34.95
Cancers in the Urban Environment
Thomas Mack
Burlington, MA:Academic Press, 2004. 656 pp. ISBN: 0-12-464351-5, $99.95
Cell Cycle Control: Mechanisms and Protocols
Tim Humphrey,... | 0 | PMC1253697 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Dec; 112(17):A1032b |
Less than 5 years after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it was established that there was an excess of leukemia among the atomic bomb survivors (Committee for the Compilation of Materials 1981). Japanese physicians noted the unusual number of leukemia cases among survivors, and researchers associated wit... | 15626639 | PMC1253701 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 21; 113(1):1-5 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high-priority environmental contaminants because of their toxic, carcinogenic, and putative estrogenic or antiestrogenic properties in the human body. Human exposure to high-molecular-weight PAHs mainly occurs through oral uptake of charcoal-broiled, grilled, and smoked meats... | 15626640 | PMC1253702 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 22; 113(1):6-10 |
Red tides have been documented on the Gulf Coast of Florida as early as 1530 (Taylor 1917). They occur nearly annually and often persist for many months (Woodcock 1948). The causative organism for these events, Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve and Ptychodiscus brevis), produces a family of neurotoxins, collec... | 15626641 | PMC1253703 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 23; 113(1):11-16 |
Artificial musk compounds are widely used as inexpensive fragrances and fixatives in personal care products, including detergents, cleaning agents, air fresheners, and cosmetic products (names and structures are shown in Table 1). The worldwide production of musks increased from about 7,000 to 8,000 metric tons/year be... | 15626642 | PMC1253704 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 30; 113(1):17-24 |
Asbestos-related lung disease (ARD), including fibrosis, pleural plaques, and cancer, continues to be a serious and significant problem despite increasing awareness of the health hazards of asbestos inhalation. Although the exact mechanisms leading to the progression of these conditions have not been fully explained, t... | 15626643 | PMC1253705 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 30; 113(1):25-30 |
As a result of centuries of human use, lead is omnipresent in the environment. Commercial use of this substance continues even though its toxic effects have been recognized since ancient times (Nriagu 1983), and more recent studies report health effects associated with lower and lower lead doses (Canfield et al. 2003; ... | 15626644 | PMC1253706 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 7; 113(1):31-35 |
Historically, gout was common among patients with lead poisoning (Batuman 1993). More recently, associations between various measures of lead dose and serum uric acid (urate) levels have been reported in studies of occupationally exposed populations (Ehrlich et al. 1998; Wang et al. 2002) as well as in general populati... | 15626645 | PMC1253707 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 30; 113(1):36-42 |
The human health risk posed by exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants, including polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), present in the food and the environment is one of widespread concerns throughout the industrialized world (Hites et al. 2004; Stellman ... | 15626646 | PMC1253708 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 19; 113(1):43-48 |
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], commonly sold in the commercial formulation named Roundup (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO), has been a frequently used herbicide on both cropland and noncropland areas of the world since its introduction in the 1970s (Williams et al. 2000). Roundup is a combination of the activ... | 15626647 | PMC1253709 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 4; 113(1):49-54 |
Co-solvent flushing, also known as in situ flushing, is a technology that has recently been considered for removal of light and dense nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs and DNAPLs, respectively) from ground-water aquifers. Originally developed by the petroleum industry for enhanced oil recovery (Lake 1989), this method i... | 15626648 | PMC1253710 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 8; 113(1):55-61 |
In this article we illustrate how research in our laboratory and others over the past 10–15 years has advanced our knowledge of hydrocarbons and their degradation under anaerobic conditions. We hope to make the case that this field is mature enough at this point for us to begin applying some of our knowledge to field s... | 15626649 | PMC1253711 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 8; 113(1):62-67 |
Increased uranium levels in groundwater are associated with uranium-rich ores and high solubility of uranium under oxidizing conditions in soft and bicarbonate-rich waters (Salonen 1994). Consequently, exceptionally high uranium concentrations have been found in private drilled wells located mostly in the southern part... | 15626650 | PMC1253712 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 30; 113(1):68-72 |
The Clean Air Act [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970] identified tropospheric ozone as one of six “criteria pollutants”—pervasive pollutants considered harmful to human health. Tropospheric ozone forms as a result of atmospheric reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in t... | 15626651 | PMC1253713 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 7; 113(1):73-82 |
From epidemiologic studies, there is substantial evidence that cardiovascular diseases are linked to environmental pollution and that exposure to polycyclic and/or polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons can lead to human cardiovascular toxicity. For example, one study found a significant increase in mortality from cardi... | 15626652 | PMC1253714 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 23; 113(1):83-87 |
Many epidemiologic studies in recent years have documented adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations on mortality (Katsouyanni et al. 2001; Pope et al. 1995; Samet et al. 2000). The indications of adverse health effects even at below-guideline levels have led to revisions of air quality guidelin... | 15626653 | PMC1253715 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 21; 113(1):88-95 |
Case Report
A 50-year-old male railroad worker presented to his primary care physician with an erythematous, tender skin lesion on the anteromedial aspect of the right knee. The patient reported that the lesion had been present and intermittently tender over several years prior to presentation. The lesion was initially... | 15626654 | PMC1253716 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 22; 113(1):96-97 |
Despite extensive evidence that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with an increased risk of detrimental health effects, > 40% of U.S. children are exposed to ETS in their homes (Pirkle et al. 1996). Exposure to ETS has consistently been linked with adverse health effects in children, including middle ear ... | 15626655 | PMC1253717 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 7; 113(1):98-103 |
Most (> 70%) of the body lead burden in children is contained within the skeleton (Barry 1981). Because lead is qualitatively a biologic analog to calcium, its uptake and release from the skeleton are partly controlled by processes affecting bone growth and turnover (Hu et al. 1998; O’Flaherty 1998). In adults, skeleta... | 15626656 | PMC1253718 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 7; 113(1):104-110 |
Nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population receives drinking water from municipalities that add fluoride to their water systems to prevent dental caries [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2002]. The CDC hails fluoridation of drinking water as one of the 10 great public health achievements of the 20th centu... | 15626657 | PMC1253719 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan 14; 113(1):111-117 |
Noise affects everybody in everyday life—at home, at leisure, during sleep, when traveling, and at work. However, human organisms are not prepared to shut off the noise. Hearing is a permanent process using cortical and subcortical structures to filter and interpret acoustical information; the analysis of acoustical si... | 15631951 | PMC1253720 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A14-A15 |
We would like to comment on the article by Warner et al. (2004), in which the authors reported no significant associations between age at menarche and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an extremely potent antiestrogenic xenobiotic. The exposure of girls to TCDD at Seveso, Italy, resulted in very h... | 15626638 | PMC1253721 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A17 |
In recent decades reproductive and developmental problems have become more prevalent—for example, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that male reproductive problems, including undescended testicles and hypospadias, doubled between 1970 and 1993. Environmental chemicals are strongly susp... | 15631956 | PMC1253722 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A24 |
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