text string | pmid string | accession_id string | license string | last_updated string | retracted string | citation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane and the formation of a pannus, which leads to swollen joints and finally to joint destruction. Inflammatory cells such as monocytes and neutrophils, together w... | 16207316 | PMC1257429 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 22; 7(5):R1001-R1013 |
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, and it can lead to progressive joint destruction, deformity and severe disability. Early diagnosis of RA and timely initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are necessary to limit joint damage and optimise ... | 16207322 | PMC1257430 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 29; 7(5):R1056-R1062 |
Introduction
Monocytes/macrophages are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The number of monocytes/macrophages infiltrating into the rheumatoid synovium correlates with the extent of the inflammation in synovial tissues [1]. At the cartilage-pannus junction, macrophages, to... | 16207318 | PMC1257431 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 23; 7(5):R1023-R1033 |
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, erosion of bone and cartilage, and severe joint pain [1-5]. Immunization of DBA-1 mice with type II collagen in complete Freund adjuvant induces the development of an inflammatory, erosive arthritis (collagen-induced... | 16207319 | PMC1257432 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 23; 7(5):R1034-R1045 |
Introduction
Opioids are advocated by WHO for cancer pain [1], but their role in chronic non-cancer pain is more controversial. It has been argued that certain types of chronic pain, like neuropathic pain, do not respond to opioids [2], although some patients with neuropathic pain have been shown to respond well to opi... | 16207320 | PMC1257433 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 28; 7(5):R1046-R1051 |
Introduction
Vascular dysfunction is a key element of the systemic sclerosis (SSc) disease process, and involves both the micro and macrovasculature [1]. The microcirculation undergoes structural and functional changes that are interdependent. This microangiopathy is characterized by capillary rarefaction, development ... | 16207327 | PMC1257434 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 19; 7(5):R1103-R1112 |
Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is among the leading causes of disability throughout the world. It is a multifactorial disorder with multiple risk factors contributing to its onset and progression, such as age, genes, hormones, and lifestyle [1]. The most common form of OA is t... | 16207325 | PMC1257435 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 13; 7(5):R1082-R1090 |
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations that requires an early intensive therapy in order to avoid joint destruction and physical disability. In order to measure the effect of therapy in daily practice and in clinical trials, many variables are recorded and di... | 16207323 | PMC1257436 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 8; 7(5):R1063-R1071 |
Introduction
Along with the graying of the world's population, osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is becoming an increasingly significant medical and financial burden. In this context, the clear need for a better understanding of the disease process has rendered undeniable the importance of finding... | 16207326 | PMC1257437 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 19; 7(5):R1091-R1102 |
Introduction
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are associated with necrotizing vasculitides, especially Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis [1]. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated idi... | 16207324 | PMC1257438 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 13; 7(5):R1072-R1081 |
Introduction
Systemic sclerosis represents a spectrum of connective tissue disorders, characterized by chronic and debilitating fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, most notably the lungs, kidney, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract [1]. While the pathological endpoint of diffuse cutaneous systemic sc... | 16207328 | PMC1257439 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 21; 7(5):R1113-R1123 |
Introduction
Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that immune reactivity is greater in females than in males and suggests that gonadal steroids may play an important role in the regulation of the immune response [1-4]. Indeed, many cells of the immune system have been found to possess functional sex hormone rec... | 16207329 | PMC1257440 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 21; 7(5):R1124-R1132 |
Introduction
Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane (synovitis) is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This process is fueled by proinflammatory cytokines, which not only induce but also maintain synovitis and therefore play an important role in progressive joint destruction [1,2]. Several cytokines are cur... | 16207331 | PMC1257441 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 28; 7(5):R1140-R1147 |
Introduction
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitic disease typified by a triad of symptoms including recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. In addition, skin, joint, large vessels, nervous system and gastrointestinal systems may be involved. BD is a global disease but has the highest prevalence in ... | 16207330 | PMC1257442 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 27; 7(5):R1133-R1139 |
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a chronic erosive inflammation in joints leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone. The mechanisms behind RA are still unclear but early therapy with disease-modifying drugs such as antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-α or met... | 16207332 | PMC1257444 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 27; 7(5):R1148-R1157 |
Background
The BTB domain (also known as the POZ domain) was originally identified as a conserved motif present in the Drosophila melanogaster bric-à-brac, tramtrack and broad complex transcription regulators and in many pox virus zinc finger proteins [1-4]. A variety of functional roles have been identified for the do... | 16207353 | PMC1257465 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:35 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 15; 6(10):R82 |
Background
Olfaction is one of the senses developed by animals during the course of evolution for communication with the external world, making it possible to identify prey and to avoid danger. The detection of volatile odorant molecules is a complicated process, the first step of which involves specific binding to spe... | 16207354 | PMC1257466 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 28; 6(10):R83 |
Background
Gene expression arrays are being widely used to improve the classification of human cancers and to improve our understanding of the molecular changes associated with carcinogenesis [1,2]. However, their use in defining expression patterns in tumor evolution and in correlating genotypes with phenotypes has be... | 16207355 | PMC1257467 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 30; 6(10):R84 |
Background
In 1938, Copeland proposed to gather in a large but unnamed natural group all the organisms (both multicellular and unicellular) harboring a nucleus [1,2]. He considered that the nucleus was too complex a structure to have appeared independently several times [1,2]. The possession of a nucleus is still commo... | 16207356 | PMC1257468 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 30; 6(10):R85 |
Background
In recent years, the de novo computational discovery of regulatory sequence motifs has advanced tremendously due to the integration of large-scale data, predominantly on genomewide gene expression. Correlations between presence of sequence motifs in promoters and particular gene expression profiles are hypot... | 16207357 | PMC1257469 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 30; 6(10):R86 |
Background
Transcription is regulated by the binding of proteins to specific DNA sequences. Until recently, binding and regulation could only be studied at the level of individual genes, but they can now be studied as a complex system due to the availability of genome-wide data on expression and transcription factor bi... | 16207358 | PMC1257470 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 30; 6(10):R87 |
Background
Gene-expression monitoring by microarray technologies has become an important approach in biological and medical research over the past decade. A common experimental design is the comparison of two sets of samples from different phenotypes (diseases and normal tissue), with the goal of searching for genes sh... | 16207359 | PMC1257471 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:34 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 19; 6(10):R88 |
Background
Post-genomic biological discoveries have confirmed that proteins function in extended networks [1,2]. In particular, many proteins must physically bind to other proteins, either stably or transiently, to perform their functions. The functions of proteins are therefore inseparable from their interactions.
Fo... | 16207360 | PMC1257472 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:05:35 | no | Genome Biol. 2005 Sep 19; 6(10):R89 |
The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) measured with the conventional cytogenetic assay in metaphase cells has routinely been used for several decades as a tool to monitor occupational and environmental exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. There is ample evidence of t... | 15866756 | PMC1257540 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):517-520 |
Although occurring naturally [United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 2002], mercury is a global pollutant and concerns public health when it is elevated above natural background levels, mainly through anthropogenic causes (Boening 2000). The cycling of mercury through the marine environment involves different chem... | 15866757 | PMC1257541 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):521-526 |
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides, has undergone increased restriction of use in the United States because of developmental neurotoxicity [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2000, 2002]. Many animal studies have focused on long-term cholinergic deficits and related behav... | 15866758 | PMC1257542 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):527-531 |
Chronic exposure to styrene and a number of other volatile organic compounds has been linked to the occurrence of neurologic and behavioral deficits, including increased reaction time (Kishi et al. 2000), visual system disturbances (Iregren et al. 2002), and neurophysiologic alterations (e.g., Harkonen et al. 1978; Lil... | 15866759 | PMC1257543 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 27; 113(5):532-538 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF; C8F17SO2F) was used to synthesize high-molecular-weight fluorochemical products manufactured by the 3M Company (3M). Unique compounds were created by derivatization of POSF through the sulfonyl fluoride moiety using conventional hydrocarbon reactions (3M Company 2003). Although t... | 15866760 | PMC1257544 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):539-545 |
Several studies have shown that working on a farm or in the agricultural industry may lead to higher risks of brain cancer in men (Brownson et al. 1990; Morrison et al. 1992; Reif et al. 1989; Rodvall et al. 1996; Zheng et al. 2001). Research on specific agricultural factors associated with higher risks of brain cancer... | 15866761 | PMC1257545 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 9; 113(5):546-551 |
Between 1987 and 1999, salmon consumption increased annually at a rate of 14% in the European Union and 23% in the United States (Charron 1999). Currently, more than half the salmon sold globally is farm raised, primarily in northern Europe, Chile, Canada, and the United States. The annual global production of farmed s... | 15866762 | PMC1257546 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 9; 113(5):552-556 |
Microbiologic and epidemiologic investigations have begun to elucidate the major sources of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Campylobacter infections in the United States. Major findings include the following: a) an increasing proportion of isolates collected in the United States from human Campylobacter infections are r... | 15866763 | PMC1257547 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):557-560 |
Hypothetical Cases
SARS Preparedness and Response
It was an unseasonably warm Friday morning on 12 March 2004 in Anytown, Maryland. Since 1 March 2004, the Department of Homeland Security had raised the U.S. terror alert level to code orange (high) based on fresh intelligence reports from interviews with Al Qaeda detai... | 15866764 | PMC1257548 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):561-566 |
The rapid proliferation of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that house thousands of animals at a single facility has raised public health concerns for workers as well as neighbors who live in adjacent communities (Schiffman et al. 1995; Thu et al. 1997; Wing and Wolf 2000). One focus of this concern has been ... | 15866765 | PMC1257549 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 9; 113(5):567-576 |
The high consumption of metal-containing products by industrial societies inevitably leads to environmental pollution by heavy metals, including nickel(II), chromium(VI), and cobalt(II), at all stages of production, use, and disposal. Human occupational exposure to metals occurs primarily via inhalation and ingestion o... | 15866766 | PMC1257550 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):577-584 |
Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is a disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (HC), a dimorphic fungus commonly found in the United States in soil along the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys (Deepe 2000). Infection results primarily from inhalation of aerosolized spores from areas of high organic content in the soil. B... | 15866767 | PMC1257551 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 4; 113(5):585-589 |
Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant (Goldman et al. 2001). It exists in three forms, each of which possesses different bioavailability and toxicity: the metallic element, inorganic salts, and organic compounds (methyl mercury, ethyl mercury, and phenyl mercury) (Franzblau 1994). Although volcanoes and other ... | 15866768 | PMC1257552 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 28; 113(5):590-596 |
In 1994, two meta-analyses of the relationships between childhood lead exposure and IQ appeared (Pocock et al. 1994; Schwartz 1994). Both dealt with a problem that arises in the interpretation of prospective studies in which the child’s blood lead concentration peaks at about 2 years of age, but IQ can only be measured... | 15866769 | PMC1257553 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):597-601 |
Preterm delivery can lead to neonatal mortality as well as an array of infant morbidities that range from pulmonary to neurologic outcomes (Martin et al. 2002). The prevalence of preterm delivery was 11.6% in the United States in the year 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999; Martin et al. 2002). Fewer... | 15866770 | PMC1257554 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 2; 113(5):602-606 |
Numerous studies have found a strong association between respiratory illness and exposure to traffic-related air pollution (Choudhury et al. 1997; Hajat et al. 2002; Polosa et al. 2002; Romieu et al. 2002; Shamsiiarov et al. 2002; Spinaci et al. 1985). Traffic-related nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, black fumes, a... | 15866771 | PMC1257555 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 14; 113(5):607-611 |
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are generated by heavy-duty diesel engines used in several industries and motor vehicles used in public transportation. They are ultrafine respirable particles with an average diameter of < 2.5 μm and contain several mutagenic and carcinogenic hydrocarbons (Arlt et al. 2003). The adverse... | 15866772 | PMC1257556 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):612-617 |
Algae and similar organisms are ubiquitous in aqueous environments. Some of these algae will periodically experience exuberant growth, or “blooms.” When algal blooms adversely affect people or the environment, they are called harmful algal blooms (HABs). Researchers who study the interactions of oceans and human health... | 15866773 | PMC1257557 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):618-620 |
Progress on Toxin Structural Character
Florida red tide inhalation toxicity has been documented in the Western literature since 1844. Earlier accounts from Spanish explorers of an “irritating essence” predate 1600. Past explanations for Florida red tide respiratory distress have included World War I nerve gas release (... | 15866774 | PMC1257558 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):621-625 |
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis are responsible for what are commonly referred to as Florida red tides. K. brevis produces a series of potent neurotoxins known as brevetoxins (Baden 1989). The reader is referred to reviews by Fleming et al. (2005a) and Kirkpatrick et al. (2004) for discussion of Florida red... | 15866775 | PMC1257559 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 9; 113(5):626-631 |
Florida red tide is a harmful algal bloom caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (previously Gymnodinium breve). K. brevis produces at least nine structurally related poly-ether brevetoxins (PbTxs; Baden 1989; Baden et al. 1995; Pierce and Kirkpatrick 2001), which are lipid-soluble, fused polyethers with molecular... | 15866776 | PMC1257560 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):632-637 |
Red tides in the Gulf of Mexico are commonly formed by the fish-killing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (formerly known as Gymnodinium breve). The organism produces as many as nine potent polyether brevetoxins called PbTxs and designated PbTx-1, PbTx-2, etc., that result in the death of a massive number of fish (Forreste... | 15866777 | PMC1257561 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 9; 113(5):638-643 |
Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) is a marine dinoflagellate responsible for red tides that form annually in the Gulf of Mexico. K. brevis produces brevetoxins, the potent toxins that cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. The human health effects from consuming shellfish with high concentrations of brevetoxin... | 15866778 | PMC1257562 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):644-649 |
Florida red tides annually occur in the Gulf of Mexico and result from blooms of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces highly potent natural polyether toxins, known as brevetoxins, that activate voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Studies in experimental animals have shown that brevetoxins can cau... | 15866779 | PMC1257563 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May 10; 113(5):650-657 |
The modern era of environmental health dates from the publication of Silent Spring in 1962. In her classic book, Rachel Carson warned of the effects of pesticides on wildlife ecology, invoking a nightmarish die-off of songbirds in the book’s title. However, she also warned of human health effects, both acute and chroni... | 15866747 | PMC1257564 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A290-A291 |
Environmental exposures may adversely affect those who are vulnerable temporally (age, developmental stage), spatially (geographic location), or by unique circumstance (comorbid disease, nutritional status, socioeconomic status, genetics). Understanding the complex relationship between endogenous and exogenous risks wi... | 15866748 | PMC1257565 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A292 |
In Table 1 of “Estimating the Exposure–Response Relationships between Particulate Matter and Mortality within the APHEA Multicity Project” by Samoli et al. [
Environ Health Perspect 113:88–95 (2005)], the values for CVD deaths are incorrect. The corrected table is shown below. The authors apologize for the errors.
Bon... | 0 | PMC1257566 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A297 |
Advocates of green housing received a boost when the nonprofit Enterprise Foundation of Columbia, Maryland, announced that it plans to build 8,500 environmentally friendly, affordable homes through its Green Communities Initiative. Launched in September 2004, the Green Communities Initiative commits $550 million over f... | 0 | PMC1257567 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A300 |
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines environmental justice as “the fair treatment of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.” Among other goals, environmental justice a... | 0 | PMC1257568 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A303 |
At the New Mexico Center for Environmental Health Sciences (NMCEHS), community concerns and relationships are as much at the center’s foundation as the latest research techniques. According to center director Scott Burchiel, the unique populations of New Mexico—including a high number of Hispanics and Native American t... | 15866752 | PMC1257569 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A304-A307 |
Kennedy DO, Agrawal M, Shen J, Terry MB, Zhang FF, Senie RT, Motykiewicz G, Santella RM. 2005. DNA repair capacity of lymphoblastoid cell lines from sisters discordant for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:127–132.
Like many types of cancer, breast cancer results from complex interactions of genetic predisposition ... | 0 | PMC1257570 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A307 |
In the home, parents are the primary guardians of a child’s environmental health. However, once the child’s environment moves out of the home, identifying sources of protection can become difficult. The Community Outreach and Education Program (COEP) of Duke University’s NIEHS Environmental Health Sciences Research Cen... | 15884176 | PMC1257571 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A308 |
Substantial scientific evidence gained in the past decade has shown that various aspects of the built environment can have profound, directly measurable effects on both physical and mental health outcomes, particularly adding to the burden of illness among ethnic minority populations and low-income communities. Lack of... | 15866753 | PMC1257572 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A310-A317 |
It’s supposed to be a harbor, a haven—it’s home. But some home environments can cause serious health problems. Moisture and molds can inflame asthma and allergies. Broken steps can cause a fall. A leaky oil furnace can produce deadly carbon monoxide. Cockroaches and mice can produce airborne allergens that trigger asth... | 15866754 | PMC1257573 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A320-A323 |
Mounting evidence suggests that the poultry industry’s use of antibiotics promotes antibiotic resistance among the foodborne bacteria that infect humans. One such bacterium is Campylobacter, a pathogen common to chicken products. Every year more than 1 million Americans develop Campylobacter-induced food poisoning from... | 0 | PMC1257574 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A325 |
Among the newest buzzwords in biomedical science is nanotechnology: small is big! The vision for nanotechnology has existed for many years—remember Isaac Asimov’s Fantastic Voyage—but the ability to manipulate individual atoms to engineer devices at the nanoscale is new. A number of benefits arise at the nanoscale, fro... | 0 | PMC1257575 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A329 |
Lung Response to Inhaled Highly Toxic Chemicals
The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to investigate acute mucosal irritation in the upper and lower respiratory tract occurring after aerosol exposure to toxic chemicals with the goals to: 1) minimize initial injury promptly, 2) retard and ameliorate progressi... | 0 | PMC1257576 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A330-A331 |
In the article “Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cognitive Abilities Among U.S. Children and Adolescents,” Yolton et al. (2005) stated that the data “indicate an inverse association between ETS exposure and cognitive deficits among children ….” They do not. They indicate an inverse association between ETS ex... | 15866750 | PMC1257577 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A296a |
Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly, characterized by incomplete fusion of the urethral folds during fetal development, which results in the urethra opening on the ventral surface of the penis or on the scrotum. In their article, Pierik et al. (2004) proposed multiple possible maternal and paternal risk factors ... | 15866749 | PMC1257578 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A296b |
Photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity have been around for decades, yet their commercial use has been largely limited to applications where conventional electric power is difficult or impossible to provide, such as lighting of road signs and offshore buoys. The problem is primarily economic—although... | 0 | PMC1257579 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A301a |
The New Face of Herbs
After a meteoric rise in sales in the 1990s, use of botanical dietary supplements appears to have plateaued, according to a study in the 14 February 2005 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine. Still, exposure may continue to increase as more multivitamins now include botanical ingredients such as... | 0 | PMC1257580 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A301b-A303 |
Community-based organizations around the country are working to promote healthy and affordable housing for all. Yet reduced government funding and increased competition for foundation support make it even harder to redress housing-based health disparities. In early March 2005, the Alliance for Healthy Homes convened ne... | 0 | PMC1257581 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A302a |
Naturally occurring phytoestrogens have been intensively studied for health effects in adults. However, studies of soy formula, which delivers high levels of phytoestrogens to infants, have not extended much beyond ensuring that babies are growing and developing normally. Still, soy formula has been considered a safe a... | 0 | PMC1257582 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A302b |
Adverse health effects from harmful algal blooms have most frequently been linked to eating fish or shellfish that have accumulated algal toxins. However, people have also suffered asthma-like symptoms after inhaling minute amounts of algal toxins that were aerosolized by waves. Now a research team uses an animal model... | 0 | PMC1257583 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A324a |
The concentration of lead in children’s blood peaks at about age 2 years and then declines as hand-to-mouth activity tends to drop off. Much of the practice and research concerning lead poisoning is based on the belief that the most damage is done by that peak. However, lead’s effects on IQ cannot be detected until abo... | 0 | PMC1257584 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A324b-A325 |
By Ingrid Eckerman
Hyderabad, India:Universities Press, 2005. 283 pp. ISBN: 81-7371-515-7. Rs250
After 20 years, victims, health care workers, and governments are still trying to comprehend what has been called the world’s worst industrial accident. The Bhopal Saga is an attempt to bring order from the chaos of event... | 0 | PMC1257585 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:59 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A344a |
An Introduction to Human Molecular Genetics: Mechanisms of Inherited Diseases, 2nd ed.
Jack K. Pasternak
Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, 2005. 656 pp. ISBN: 0-471-47426-6, $83.95
CCN Proteins: A New Family of Cell Growth and Differentiation Regulators
Bernard Perbal, Masaharu Takigawa
Hackensack, NJ:World Scientifi... | 0 | PMC1257586 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May; 113(5):A344b |
Arsenic and Its Derivatives as Potent Environmental Toxicants
Exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water has been recognized for many decades in some regions of the world, notably in China, India, and some countries in Central and South America. Millions of people are at risk of cancer and other diseases beca... | 15929885 | PMC1257587 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 10; 113(6):659-664 |
Epidemiologic and clinical studies typically estimate indoor allergen exposures by analyzing samples of settled dust collected at one or more sites within the home (Platts-Mills et al. 1997; Pope et al. 1993). One of the major limitations of these studies is the need for a technician to make home visits. Because home v... | 15929886 | PMC1257588 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):665-669 |
A large number of epidemiologic studies have found an association between short-term episodes of increased particulate air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (Brook et al. 2004). Respirable particulate matter has been specifically implicated in the triggering of myocardial infarction (D’Ippoliti et al... | 15929887 | PMC1257589 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 18; 113(6):670-674 |
Natural and man-made chemicals in the environment can exert hormone mimetic or antagonist activity. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used chemical with mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist properties, is employed in the manufacture of plastics used in dental prostheses and sealants (Suzuki et al. 2000), in the linings of metal... | 15929888 | PMC1257590 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 24; 113(6):675-679 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are two classes of environmentally prevalent pollutants. PAHs are formed through the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of organic materials (Dipple 1985). PCBs were first produced industrially in the middle of the last century for the... | 15929889 | PMC1257591 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 24; 113(6):680-687 |
Coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever, is caused by inhalation of spores from Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. These dimorphic soil fungi are endemic to the deserts of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and elsewhere in Central and South America (Fisher et al. 2002; Kolivras et al. 2001). Although ap... | 15929890 | PMC1257592 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 3; 113(6):688-692 |
Environmental justice is a term used to describe the movement concerned with inequities in the distribution of adverse environmental and health consequences of industrial activities and environmental policies [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2004a]. The movement grew from early observations that a seemingly ... | 15929891 | PMC1257593 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):693-699 |
Fungicides are applied to many foods to control plant diseases such as Sclerotinis sclerotiorum (white mold) and Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) (Papadopoulou-Mourkidou 1991). After application, fungicides have been shown to volatilize and circulate through air and water and on untreated foods, increasing their distributi... | 15929892 | PMC1257594 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 16; 113(6):700-707 |
Atrazine (ATR; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), a chlorinated member of the family of s-substituted triazines, is one of the most widely employed herbicides in the world, with an estimated 76.4 million pounds used annually in the United States alone. It acts to suppress photosynthesis by inhibiting e... | 15929893 | PMC1257595 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | yes | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 24; 113(6):708-715 |
Glyphosate is known as the active ingredient of the broad-spectrum herbicide Roundup; it inhibits the shikimic acid pathway that is important for plant protein synthesis (Schonbrunn et al. 2001), but it has also been shown to modulate plant cytochrome P450 (Lamb et al. 1998). Glyphosate is believed to be rather specifi... | 15929894 | PMC1257596 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 25; 113(6):716-720 |
Many environmental contaminants are capable of disrupting endocrine function in humans and wildlife. This phenomenon has been associated with reduced fecundity, reproductive failure, and population-level effects in a variety of aquatic organisms (Jobling et al. 2002; Matthiessen and Gibbs 1998; Nash et al. 2004). This ... | 15929895 | PMC1257597 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):721-728 |
Tungsten has been used for many years in a variety of applications. Combining the hard, brittle tungsten metal with various other metals, including nickel and cobalt, produces tungsten alloys (WAs) with specific characteristics, some of which are of interest to the military. Recently, WAs have replaced lead in some sma... | 15929896 | PMC1257598 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 15; 113(6):729-734 |
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that exposures to short-term ambient ozone are associated with consistent and reversible decrements in lung function among children (Burnett et al. 2001; Chen et al. 1999; Hoppe et al. 2003; Jalaludin et al. 2000), the elderly (Hoppe et al. 1995, 2003), and people with a history of respi... | 15929897 | PMC1257599 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):735-738 |
Depending on the World Trade Center (WTC) source characteristics and the date after 11 September 2001, emissions from the WTC site during September 2001 through early 2002 affected lower Manhattan as well as immediately adjacent areas in Brooklyn and New Jersey. Environmental and personal air monitoring, dust analyses,... | 15929898 | PMC1257600 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 10; 113(6):739-748 |
Despite stringent governmental regulations, lead exposure continues to be a major public health problem, with blood levels being elevated in a bimodal distribution predominantly affecting young children 1–5 years of age and individuals > 50 years of age (Pirkle et al. 1998). The Centers for Disease Control and Preventi... | 15929899 | PMC1257601 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):749-755 |
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common, serious, chronic, life-threatening illness in the United States, affecting more than 11 million people (Selwyn and Braunwald 2001). The major risk factors for CHD (smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, male sex, and older age) are well known. However, e... | 15929900 | PMC1257602 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):756-761 |
Poisoning events and chronic exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphates (OPs), and carbamates have traditionally been associated with neurotoxic consequences, such as poor neurobehavioral performance in some cognitive domains such as information processing and memory (Abou-Donia 2003; Wesseling et al. 2002... | 15929901 | PMC1257603 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 10; 113(6):762-766 |
Case Presentation
A 57-year-old nonsmoking auto-parts machine operator presented in 1995 because of shortness of breath on exertion, cough, fatigue, and chest congestion. In his job he operated a machine that cut metal parts using a semi-synthetic metalworking fluid (Figure 1) that was collected and recycled through la... | 15929902 | PMC1257604 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 10; 113(6):767-770 |
Incidence and mortality rates of bladder cancer vary about 10-fold worldwide. The highest rates are found in North America and Europe, and the rates are low in many parts of Asia (Engel et al. 2002). In Taiwan, the incidence and mortality rates of bladder cancer (per 100,000) in 2000 were 8.93 and 3.00 for males and 3.... | 15929884 | PMC1257605 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 25; 113(6):771-774 |
Scientific effort focused on the characterization of the mechanisms of arsenic-induced human toxicity is currently proceeding along several lines of research, including characterization of the spectrum of disease manifestations in human arsenicism, discovery of the proximal biochemical targets of arsenic toxicity, and ... | 15929903 | PMC1257606 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 22; 113(6):775-781 |
Indoor spraying of insecticides has been the main strategy for malaria vector control in Mexico. Until the year 2000, DDT (dichloro-diphenyltricholoroethane) was used in this program; since then, deltamethrin has been the insecticide selected for indoor spraying of dwellings in malarious areas (Chanon et al. 2003). Del... | 15929904 | PMC1257607 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 25; 113(6):782-786 |
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of cancer in children (National Cancer Institute of Canada 2004). At this time, there is only limited knowledge and evidence on environmental or other risk factors contributing to the incidence of ALL. Some convincing data show that ALL can arise in utero bec... | 15929905 | PMC1257608 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 3; 113(6):787-792 |
Lead poisoning causes permanent neurologic, developmental, and behavioral disorders, particularly in children. The identification and removal of new sources of human exposure to Pb over the past several decades have significantly reduced the percentage of Pb-poisoned children in the United States, although one remainin... | 15929906 | PMC1257609 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 24; 113(6):793-800 |
Benzene is an important industrial chemical (> 2 billion gallons produced annually in the United States) and component of gasoline (Gist and Burg 1997). Its toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow include leukopenia, pancytopenia, and aplastic anemia, and it is also an established cause of human leukemia (Snyder 200... | 15929907 | PMC1257610 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun 14; 113(6):801-807 |
On 1 January 2006, a new U.S. drinking water standard of 10 μg arsenic/L will come into effect [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2001a). We strongly support the U.S. EPA’s decision to lower the allowable limit of As in drinking water from 50 μg/L to 10 μg/L because it promises to reduce the risk of an array o... | 15929873 | PMC1257611 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A360-A361 |
As we work to move the NIEHS forward, it is important that we critically consider how our research can have the greatest impact on public health. In last month’s Director’s Perspective, I identified my overarching vision for the NIEHS: to improve human health by elucidating the complex relationship between endogenous a... | 15929874 | PMC1257612 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A362 |
With respect to the recent article by De Roos et al. (2005), we would like to a) comment on the authors’ incomplete genotoxicity review, which is inconsistent with conclusions reached by regulatory agencies; b) estimate the likely range of systemic doses and margins of exposure for farmers based on comprehensive glypho... | 15929876 | PMC1257613 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:02 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A365-A366 |
The reaction of Farmer et al. regarding our article on glyphosate exposure and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) (De Roos et al. 2005) is difficult to understand given the tentative nature of our conclusions. For the most part, we found no associations with the cancers we studied, and to quote fro... | 0 | PMC1257614 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A366-A367 |
In Figures 1, 2, and 3 of “Altered Profiles of Spontaneous Novelty Seeking, Impulsive Behavior, and Response to d-Amphetamine in Rats Perinatally Exposed to Bisphenol A” by Adriani et al. [
Environ Health Perspect 111:395–401 (2003)], results for oil controls and bisphenol A (BPA)-treated rats were labeled incorrectly.... | 0 | PMC1257615 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:00 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A368 |
Asian governments alarmed at the unprecedented spread of the deadly H5N1 avian influenza virus are seeking relief in a controversial vaccination program. The Thai government announced in February 2005 that it would join China and Indonesia in vaccinating select healthy ducks and chickens. Vietnam also is considering a ... | 15929877 | PMC1257616 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:01 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jun; 113(6):A370 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.