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When the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea, or North Korea as it is still commonly known) makes headlines, it usually concerns the country’s nuclear ambitions. But recently the environment made the news, when the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) issued its DPR Korea: State of the Environment 2... | 15643724 | PMC1253723 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A26 |
Not all sound is bad, but too much of the wrong sounds harm your health. What many people don’t know is that everyday items such as lawn mowers and kitchen blenders can emit noise at hazardous levels. More than 30 million Americans work at al job where they are exposed to hazardous sound levels on a regular basis. One-... | 0 | PMC1253724 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A27 |
The Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine can be thought of as a think tank—a neutral, nonofficial setting where scientists, government officials, academics, industry representatives, and members of advocacy groups can gather to consider and discuss new scientific findings and emerging iss... | 15643721 | PMC1253725 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A28-A31 |
Stein TD, Anders NJ, DeCarli C, Chan SL, Mattson MP, Johnson JA. 2004. Neutralization of transthyretin reverses the neuroprotective effects of secreted amyloid precursor protein (APP) in APPSW mice resulting in tau phosphorylation and loss of hippocampal neurons: support for the amyloid hypothesis. J Neurosci 24:7707–7... | 0 | PMC1253726 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A31 |
From 1980 to 1999, the number of U.S. doctor’s office visits for asthma jumped from about 6 million to nearly 12 million, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization estimates cases worldwide at 100–150 million. Epidemiologic studies have linked the disease t... | 15643722 | PMC1253727 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A32-A33 |
Playing with blocks has long been a favorite pastime of children and one that parents often encourage as a means of developing reasoning, spatial acuity, and other skills. A program developed by the Community Outreach and Education Program (COEP) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Environment... | 0 | PMC1253728 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A33 |
It’s not difficult for a person to encounter sound at levels that can cause adverse health effects. During a single day, people living in a typical urban environment can experience a wide range of sounds in many locations, including shopping malls, schools, the workplace, recreational centers, and the home. Even once-q... | 15631958 | PMC1253729 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A34-A41 |
Anyone who lives in Bensenville, Illinois, knows about the “Bensenville pause.” According to long-time resident Pat Johnson, it goes like this: As the roar of a jetliner departing from nearby O’Hare International Airport becomes a blasting shriek, the residents of this small town stop talking and wait. Conversations pi... | 15631959 | PMC1253730 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A42-A44 |
On a typical day in an American suburb, the steady whoosh of traffic on a nearby freeway drowns out the rustling of leaves in the wind. From across the street comes the nagging whine of a leaf blower, accompanied every few minutes by the deeper roar of a jet taking off from the airport. The cacophony of noise in the mo... | 15631960 | PMC1253731 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A46-A49 |
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus seem to be the product of a complex and poorly understood interaction between environmental exposures and genetic predisposition. Autoantibodies may be markers of subclinical disease, so epidemiological studies that l... | 0 | PMC1253732 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A51 |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with symptoms including reversible airway constriction, chest tightness, cough, and wheezing. The incidence of asthma is increasing and accounts for nearly 500,000 hospitalizations, 2 million emergency department visits, and 5,000 deaths annually in the United States. Asthma dev... | 0 | PMC1253733 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:53 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A53 |
Metals in Medicine
The objective of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage research that bridges the areas of inorganic chemistry and medicine in continuation of PA-01-071. The National Institute of General Medical Science (NIGMS) is joined in this announcement by the NIEHS and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplem... | 0 | PMC1253734 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A54-A55 |
We commend Koller et al. (2004) for their thoughtful and detailed review of recent research on childhood lead exposure and intellectual development, and we take this opportunity to clarify and respond to several of their questions regarding our study of children with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dL) (Canfield et al... | 15631953 | PMC1253735 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:49 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A16a |
We are grateful to Jusko et al. for addressing two concerns raised in our review (Koller et al. 2004) relating to confounding and their use of the Stanford-Binet test in their original report (Canfield et al. 2003). They provide valuable additional analysis of their data, which further support their original findings.
... | 0 | PMC1253736 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A16b-A17 |
As Wolff et al. note, in data from the Seveso Women’s Health Study (SWHS) we found no change in age of onset of menarche associated with TCDD exposure in all women in the cohort or in women exposed before 8 years of age (Warner et al. 2004). However, Wolff et al. comment that hormonal exposures before 5 years of age mi... | 0 | PMC1253737 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A18a |
Because the study “Threshold of Trichloroethylene Contamination in Maternal Drinking Waters Affecting Fetal Heart Development in the Rat” (Johnson et al. 2003) was a long-term and continuous study, the authors compiled the data from controls of several treatment groups. The control “sets” were statistically analyzed co... | 0 | PMC1253738 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 12:09:11 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A18b |
In their editorial “Breast Milk: An Optimal Food,” Pronczuk et al. (2004) stated that “in most cases, mothers can and should be reassured that breast milk is by far the best food to give to their babies,” despite the evidence that “a myriad of potential chemical contaminants … can be detected in breast milk,” mainly be... | 15631954 | PMC1253739 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A18c-A19 |
As drought and growing populations cause water supplies to dwindle in areas around the world, reclaimed wastewater offers a possible solution. Indeed, some communities in California already use reclaimed wastewater to irrigate crops, water golf courses, and augment freshwater aquifers to block saltwater intrusion. Crit... | 15643720 | PMC1253740 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A25a |
Smoky Horror Picture Show?
At the American Medical Association’s 2004 annual meeting, the group’s policy-making House of Delegates adopted a resolution urging the film industry to give an “R” rating to movies with scenes of characters smoking. The goal of the resolution is to reduce the amount of smoking seen in movies... | 0 | PMC1253741 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A25b-A27 |
A class of widely used fragrances that are considered nontoxic may pose a hidden threat to human health by enhancing the effects of compounds that are toxic—a paradox discovered by Stanford University researchers Till Luckenbach and David Epel in a recent study of synthetic musk compounds [EHP 113:17–24]. The duo, base... | 0 | PMC1253742 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:55 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A50a |
Previous studies have linked exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with lower performance on tests of intelligence, reasoning ability, and language development, as well as higher risk for grade retention, suggesting that such exposure may cause cognitive deficits. Other adverse effects linked with ETS exposure ... | 0 | PMC1253743 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A50b-A51 |
By Steve Lerner
Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2004. 296 pp. ISBN: 0-262-12273-1, $27.95 cloth
Amazon.com lists over a dozen volumes on environmental justice, but only a few recent writings about disproportionately higher exposures to toxic and hazardous substances in low-income communities and people of color. Now there i... | 0 | PMC1253744 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A68a |
A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts
Alfredo Morabia, ed.
New York:Springer-Verlag, 2004. 405 pp. ISBN: 3-7643-6818-7, $119
Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle: Assessing the Impacts of Fertilizer Use on Food Production and the Environment
Arvin R. Mosier, Keith Syers, John R. Freney, eds.
Washington, DC... | 0 | PMC1253745 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:54 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jan; 113(1):A68b |
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) describes its own mission as serving “as the national focus for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States” (CDC 2005). ... | 15743709 | PMC1253746 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 2; 113(3):243-249 |
Arsenic is a ubiquitous element found in several forms in foods and environmental media such as soil, air, and water; the predominant form in drinking water is inorganic As (iAs), which is both highly toxic and readily bioavailable. iAs is a recognized carcinogen in humans [National Research Council (NRC) 2001]. Chroni... | 15743710 | PMC1253747 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 22; 113(3):250-254 |
Silica is a mineral compound made up of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms (SiO2). It has a melting point of 1,600°C and is a colorless, odorless, and noncombustible solid [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 2001]. Crystalline silica is formed when silica molecules are lined up in orde... | 15743711 | PMC1253748 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 6; 113(3):255-260 |
Amphibian declines have been documented in many parts of the world (Alford et al. 2001; Blaustein and Wake 1990; Houlahan et al. 2000; Tyler 1991), which is of concern because these species are important grazers, prey species, and predators in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and serve as valuable sentinels of ecolog... | 15743712 | PMC1253749 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:56 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 7; 113(3):261-265 |
Fish are an important source of protein for many people throughout the world, and their importance in the diet has increased among health-conscious Americans. Not only are fish an important source of nutrients, but fishing is a popular pastime (Burger 2002; Burger et al. 1992, 1993; Knuth et al. 2003; Toth and Brown 19... | 15743713 | PMC1253750 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 7; 113(3):266-271 |
Cytochrome P-450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is a member of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily of isozymes. It is involved in the metabolic activation of several carcinogens such as aromatic and heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, and mycotoxins (Eaton et al. 1995). In humans, CYP1A2 has been detected primarily in the liver, in contrast... | 15743714 | PMC1253751 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:56 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 9; 113(3):272-277 |
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a newly defined category of environmental contaminants that interfere with endocrine system function (Sumpter 1998). Many alterations of the reproductive system observed in the aquatic environment are attributed to the presence of endocrine disruptors. Numbers of studies have f... | 15743715 | PMC1253752 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 9; 113(3):278-284 |
Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) is a carbamate insecticide registered for use on a variety of food crops including corn, alfalfa, rice, and tobacco (Tobin 1970). An estimated 5 million pounds of carbofuran are used annually in the United States, 48% of which is used on corn crops (T... | 15743716 | PMC1253753 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 2; 113(3):285-289 |
Poor environmental quality has been an important public health issue for some time now. Research using large-scale data sets has shown a fairly consistent relationship between air pollutant levels and respiratory diseases in a variety of communities in the industrialized world (e.g., Atkinson et al. 1999; Dockery et al... | 15743717 | PMC1253754 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 14; 113(3):290-296 |
It is believed that humans are exposed to multiple chemicals from food, air, water, and so forth, including natural products; industrial products, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and pharmaceuticals; and nonintentional products, such as dioxins. Human fetuses are exposed to multiple chemicals thro... | 15743718 | PMC1253755 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 14; 113(3):297-303 |
Short- and long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (Pope et al. 2002; Samet et al. 2000; Schwartz 1999), and individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, arrhythmia, or diabetes, are at greater risk (Bateson and Schwar... | 15743719 | PMC1253756 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 6; 113(3):304-309 |
Microbiologists now recognize that the greater part of microbial diversity remains to be described, primarily because culture-based methods cannot provide an adequate census of community composition (Amann et al. 1995). This has severely restricted studies in both basic and applied microbial ecology. For example, resea... | 15743720 | PMC1253757 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 8; 113(3):310-316 |
The fuel additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has become a widespread environmental contaminant within the past 30 years. MTBE was the second most common volatile organic compound detected in wells monitored in urban areas nationwide between 1985 and 1995 (Clawges et al. 2000; Squillace et al. 1996). In Californ... | 15743721 | PMC1253758 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 8; 113(3):317-322 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by exacerbations and remissions of varying intensity and duration. Its clinical manifestations are almost invariably accompanied by the presence of autoantibodies directed at a wide array of self-components, including cell-surfa... | 15743722 | PMC1253759 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 2; 113(3):323-328 |
In both female and male vertebrates, estrogens affect many aspects of development, growth, sexual differentiation, and reproductive behavior. Estrogens also exert positive and negative feedback effects on the hypothalamopituitary axis to regulate the secretion of gonadotropic and other pituitary hormones (Hess 2003; Ko... | 15743723 | PMC1253760 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 2; 113(3):329-334 |
There is growing interest in modeling the potential health impacts of global environmental changes and in exploring, through scenario development, how current health risks could evolve with changes in environmental, technologic, economic, and societal conditions. Developing health scenarios can provide important insigh... | 15743724 | PMC1253761 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 7; 113(3):335-338 |
The consumption of water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic poses a serious threat to human health worldwide (Gebel 1999; Nickson et al. 1998). Arsenic causes a wide range of human ailments, including cancer, and vascular diseases such as peripheral and cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, Raynaud’s syndr... | 15743725 | PMC1253762 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 9; 113(3):339-341 |
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), many of which exhibit acute and chronic toxicity in people, are common constituents of cleaning and degreasing agents, deodorizers, dry-cleaning processes, paints, pesticides, personal care products, and solvents. Numerous VOCs are also components of automotive exhaust, industrial emi... | 15743726 | PMC1253763 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 22; 113(3):342-349 |
Most epidemiologic studies of childhood asthma have been conducted among inner-city or urban populations and have found asthma prevalence to vary by location, likely attributable to differing environmental exposures [International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Steering Committee 1998]. Studies of ru... | 15743727 | PMC1253764 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 7; 113(3):350-356 |
Beginning in the late 1980s, a series of large population-based epidemiologic studies from Scotland (Strachan and Sanders 1989), the Netherlands (Brunekreef 1992), Sweden (Andrae et al. 1988), Finland (Jaakkola et al. 1993), the United States (Brunekreef et al. 1989; Spengler et al. 1994), Canada (Dales et al. 1991), a... | 15743728 | PMC1253765 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 9; 113(3):357-361 |
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. ETS increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections, and asthma (Cook and Strachan 1999; Larsson et al. 2001). Furthermore, ETS contains known carcinogens, such as po... | 15743729 | PMC1253766 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar 9; 113(3):362-367 |
As Scott Fields points out in his Focus article (Fields 2005), the Great Lakes are one of the most important water resources on Earth. Together the five lakes contain around 20% of the surface freshwater on the planet. The Great Lakes basin is home to close to 40 million people in the United States and Canada, and it i... | 15743697 | PMC1253767 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:56 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A148-A149 |
There are more than 3 million miles of streams in the United States, forming a significant part of our total watershed. Human activity frequently results in streamside vegetation being cut back or damaged, which can destabilize the stream bank and bury algal and microorganism populations under eroded and deposited sedi... | 15743703 | PMC1253768 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A156 |
The Great Lakes Information Network (GLIN) is a partnership of public and private organizations managed by the Great Lakes Commission, an eight-state compact agency. The GLIN website, located at http://www.great-lakes.net/, serves as a central online source for information about the Great Lakes region. A strong network... | 0 | PMC1253769 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A159 |
What do tiny black-and-white-striped zebrafish have in common with human beings? As it turns out, quite a lot. The zebrafish and other aquatic model organisms are helping researchers to better understand complex biomedical questions including how humans develop and are affected by toxic exposures. This work is the focu... | 15756770 | PMC1253770 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A160-A162 |
The Tox Ambassador—a scientist visiting from a nearby university—squeezes several drops of blue dye into three different-sized beakers of water. The audience of sixth-grade students can easily see that although the same amount of dye is put in each beaker, the water in the smallest “baby” beaker turns much darker than ... | 0 | PMC1253771 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A162-A163 |
Lead Accumulation May Lead to Cataracts
Schaumberg DA, Mendes F, Balaram M, Dana MR, Sparrow D, Hu H. 2004. Accumulated lead exposure and risk of age-related cataract in men. JAMA 292:2750–2754.
Although lead toxicity in humans had been recognized for centuries, lead was widely used in industrial products and practice... | 0 | PMC1253772 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A163 |
For centuries the Great Lakes have been treated callously These five magnificent lakes—Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario—located along the eastern half of the Canadian–U.S. border have served as a virtual sewer catching waste from industry, agriculture, commercial shipping, and households. Their natural barr... | 15743704 | PMC1253773 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A164-A173 |
When a national resource has 8,300 miles of shoreline and 6 quadrillion gallons of fresh water—making it the largest surface freshwater system on Earth—it’s bound to attract some attention. Now surround that resource with eight states, two Canadian provinces, and multiple tribal lands, and you’ve got a political hot sp... | 15743706 | PMC1253774 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A174-A177 |
Tomato processors enhancing the health of consumers with their nutrient-rich tomato extract soon may enhance the health of their communities as they adopt a new, green technique for producing the precious substance. A team of researchers from the University of Florida (UF) has developed an extraction method using super... | 15743707 | PMC1253775 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A178-A181 |
In recent years, both the benefits and the potential health risks of eating certain types of fish have been well publicized. Consumption advisories by government agencies as well as media reports have raised public awareness of high mercury concentrations in certain fish, particularly swordfish, shark, king mackerel, a... | 0 | PMC1253776 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A183 |
Parkinson disease (PD) continues to be a high research priority at the NIEHS. The institute currently supports a broad scope of research, from molecular epidemiology studies of environmental risk and protective factors for PD to basic laboratory investigations aimed at developing new animal models, understanding the ro... | 0 | PMC1253777 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A187 |
The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to increase the number of biomedical scientists who are pursuing research involving human embryonic stem cells (HESCs). The recent availability of HESCs for federally funded research affords a unique opportunity for investigators to use these cells to address research qu... | 0 | PMC1253778 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A188-A189 |
I noticed with interest the article “Pesticide Spraying for West Nile Virus Control and Emergency Department Asthma Visits in New York City, 2000” by Karpati et al. (2004). I am a physician who treats hundreds of patients with chronic illness from chemical overexposure. Many of these patients have toxic encephalopathy,... | 15743698 | PMC1253779 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A150a |
In her letter, Ziem raises the issue of exacerbations of respiratory illness and other health effects of pesticide exposure that we did not measure in our study (Karpati et al. 2004). Our analysis was designed to evaluate only whether a population-level effect on emergency department visits, specifically on asthma and ... | 0 | PMC1253780 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A150b-A151 |
In a recently published review (Kundi et al. 2004) on mobile phone use and cancer, we concluded that
Epidemiological studies that approached reasonable latencies [time period between first exposure and diagnosis] consistently observed elevated risk for the development of neoplastic diseases.
This assessment is distin... | 15743699 | PMC1253781 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A151a |
We thank Kundi for his comments on our review of the epidemiologic literature on health effects of radiofrequency exposure (Ahlbom et al. 2004). He points out, quite correctly, that our assessment of the literature differs from the one he and colleagues have made in a previous review (Kundi et al. 2004). We do, however... | 0 | PMC1253782 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A151b-A152 |
The review by Siemiatycki et al. (2004) is extremely valuable, and I am sure I will refer to it often in the future. However, I would like clarification on the risk classification of some chemicals. In the text the authors state that some chemicals, such as glass wool, were downgraded in risk between 1987and 2002, from... | 15743702 | PMC1253783 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A152a |
Concerning the 25 year history and milestones of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), McGovern (2004) failed to acknowledge the huge conceptual and leadership contributions provided by David P. Rall (1926–1999) in the creation, development, and continuing achievements of the NTP (Huff 2000). Of course, Rall was the i... | 15743701 | PMC1253784 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A152b |
In a recent article we reported an association [adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in the range of 2–3] between the concentrations of specific phthalates in dust from children’s bedrooms and doctor-diagnosed disease among children (Bornehag et al. 2004). This study has been accused of “selection bias problems” by the American ... | 15743700 | PMC1253785 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A152c-A153 |
People who suffer from multiple chemical intolerances, a condition sometimes referred to as “multiple chemical sensitivity,” report wide-ranging symptoms such as headaches, short-term memory problems, confusion, fatigue, depression, irritability, and breathing difficulties. Is this phenomenon the result of a decreased ... | 0 | PMC1253786 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A157a |
LAX Pays Its Neighbors Back
A first-of-its-kind community benefits agreement was signed in December 2004, providing a benefits package worth millions in coming years to residents living near Los Angeles International Airport. The airport, the second largest industrial smog source in the Los Angeles area, currently supp... | 0 | PMC1253787 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A157b-A159 |
Americans spend about 85–95% of their time indoors, and in recent years, the indoor environment and its potential effects on health have become the subject of increasing research attention. Seeking to explore the existing knowledge and stimulate new ideas for action, the nation’s top public health officer convened a ga... | 0 | PMC1253788 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A158a |
Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in the United States, is a known neurotoxicant, but is it carcinogenic too? A team of National Cancer Institute (NCI) researchers recently reported on the first epidemiologic study to carefully evaluate cancer among chlorpyrifos applicators. Their r... | 0 | PMC1253789 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A158b |
To understand the worldwide decline in amphibian populations, many researchers are looking at the current use of industrial compounds that disrupt endocrine function and lead to impaired reproduction. But a group of researchers in Illinois thought a historic perspective might offer some additional clues [EHP
113:261–26... | 0 | PMC1253790 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A182a |
Autoimmune diseases are multifactorial in nature and likely involve both environmental and genetic components. Estrogen is one environmental component that has been studied in relation to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on a number of clues. Like many other autoimmune diseases, SLE—a chronic disorder of uncert... | 0 | PMC1253791 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A182b-A183 |
By Howard Frumkin, Lawrence Frank, and Richard Jackson
Washington, DC:Island Press, 2004. 338 pp. ISBN: 1-55963-912-1, $60 cloth.
The press has devoted considerable recent attention to the built environment and its impact on human health and the quality of life. This interest is fueled largely by the obesity epidemic... | 0 | PMC1253792 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:58 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A202a |
Basic Cell Culture Protocols, 3rd ed.
Cheryl D. Helgason, Cindy L. Miller
Totowa, NJ:Humana Press, 2004. 384 pp. ISBN: 1-58829-284-3, $125
Cell Migration in Development and Disease
Doris Wedlich
Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 450 pp. ISBN: 3-527-30587-4, $198
Chemoinformatics in Drug Discovery
Tudor ... | 0 | PMC1253793 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:40:57 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar; 113(3):A202b |
Introduction
Associations between bacterial endoparasites and their hosts are widespread in nature [1]. Studies of how these endoparasites modify host cell biological processes have proven insightful in elucidating the mechanisms that drive core cellular events [2]. While interactions between intracellular pathogens an... | 16228015 | PMC1253842 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:27 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2005 Oct 14; 1(2):e14 |
Introduction
After ingestion by a host, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis gains a foothold in intestinal lymph nodes by moving across M cells into Peyer's patches [1]. As is true for the closely related Y. enterocolitica, entry into regional lymph nodes in the first few hours after infection requires the bacterial outer memb... | 16228016 | PMC1253843 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 12:11:27 | no | PLoS Pathog. 2005 Oct 14; 1(2):e16 |
Introduction
The geographic spread of advantageous alleles is fundamental to evolutionary processes, including the geographic distribution of adaptive traits, the cohesiveness of species, and the spatial dynamics of coevolution between pathogens and their hosts. Various theoretical models describe the dynamics of how a... | 16216086 | PMC1255740 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:28 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e339 |
Introduction
The sense of smell is of paramount importance for rodents [1], for which rapid odor discrimination and long-lasting olfactory memory permits responses to predator and prey critical for survival. Consequently, the behavioral analyses of olfactory capabilities in rodents are efficient, quantitative, and repr... | 16216087 | PMC1255741 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:29 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e354 |
Introduction
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly used both as a tool to explore the mechanisms and consequences of cortical plasticity in the human brain and as a new therapeutic strategy. During a typical rTMS experiment, an electromagnetic coil is placed above the scalp. The coil produ... | 16218766 | PMC1255742 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:45 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e362 |
Introduction
Among social animals, dominance can have long-term physiological consequences. For example, dominance status has been shown to control fertility [1–3], neurogenesis [4], growth rate [5], and stress physiology [6,7]. Although social regulation of physiology is a well-established phenomenon, little is known ... | 16216088 | PMC1255743 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:28:16 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e363 |
The smell of baking bread, the perfume of flowers, the tang of sea air—your nose can sense and distinguish between these smells and thousands more. The sense of smell—managed by the olfactory system—is a crucial tool for sensing the environment. Thousands of low molecular weight molecules bind to a vast repertoire of o... | 0 | PMC1255744 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:28 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e388 |
For many animals, possibly even for humans, mating success is determined by social status or dominance. A male's position in the “pecking order”—a term coined by the Norwegian Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe, who first proposed the concept of social dominance based on his work with chickens—can actually control his fertility... | 0 | PMC1255745 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:29 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e390 |
The discovery in the 1990s of a gene variant that thwarts HIV infection triggered development of a promising new class of medications. The gene normally encodes a protein receptor, called CCR5, that sits on the surface of white blood cells. HIV gains entry to these cells through CCR5. The variant gene, or allele, conta... | 0 | PMC1255746 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:28 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e397 |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has more than a whiff of Buck Rogers to it: a magnetic wand passes over the surface of the skull, triggering changes in the brain underneath. But it's not science fiction, and in the past decade, rTMS has emerged as an intriguing technique for exploring brain function... | 0 | PMC1255747 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 08:21:28 | no | PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 18; 3(11):e408 |
Introduction
Contraceptive methods are available in different forms—oral contraceptive pills, injectables, foaming tablets, intrauterine devices (IUDs), cream, jelly, implants, and barriers in the form of condoms for females and males. While some of these are available only in family planning clinics and hospitals, and... | 16218768 | PMC1255759 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:16 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e306 |
Introduction
Measles is one of the most contagious diseases of humans, and an important cause of childhood deaths. The global effort to reduce measles mortality aims to achieve routine measles vaccination coverage of at least 90% in every district throughout the world. So far, this effort has resulted in a dramatic dec... | 16218769 | PMC1255760 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:21 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e316 |
Recent developments in environmental epidemiology offer the promise of strengthening human health protection. Regulatory agencies responsible for protecting human health from environmental hazards assess data on relationships between exposure levels and adverse health effects to develop limits for contaminant levels in... | 16218770 | PMC1255761 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:13:37 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Dec 18; 2(12):e350 |
Twelve years ago, a friend from my breast cancer support group went to court because her insurance company had refused coverage for a bone marrow transplant. Her first transplant had failed and her cancer was progressing again. The insurance company refused coverage for the second transplant on the basis that it was an... | 16220998 | PMC1255762 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:21 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e358 |
Background
A clinical trial is a research study in which human volunteers are treated and observed to answer a particular biomedical question. Clinical trials are one of the most valuable sources of evidence to determine which therapies are safe and effective. However, instances of selective reporting of results to ben... | 16220999 | PMC1255763 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:21 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e365 |
Earlier this year, Richard Smith, former editor of the BMJ and a current member of the PLoS board of directors, provocatively suggested that “journals should perhaps stop publishing trials. Instead, the protocols and results should be made available on regulated Web sites” (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020138). In the sp... | 17523250 | PMC1255764 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 11:13:38 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Oct 18; 2(10):e367 |
In its effort to develop worldwide standards of trial registration, the World Health Organization (WHO) has formally launched its International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) project. The project is “taking the lead in setting international norms and standards for trial registration and reporting” [1].
As p... | 16221000 | PMC1255765 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 10:39:17 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e378 |
There are 123 million women around the world, mostly in developing countries, who are not using contraception in spite of having expressed a desire to space or limit the numbers of their births. About 38% of all pregnancies worldwide every year are unintended, and around six out of ten such unplanned pregnancies result... | 0 | PMC1255766 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 10:39:19 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e382 |
Measles is still a leading cause of death among young children, despite the availability of an effective vaccine for the past 40 years. Although it is rare in many developed countries, it remains a common illness in many developing countries, and more than half a million people, mostly children, died from measles in 20... | 0 | PMC1255767 | CC0 | 2021-01-05 10:39:45 | no | PLoS Med. 2005 Nov 18; 2(11):e384 |
Introduction
Crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP), including octacalcium phosphate (OCP), carbonate-substituted apatite and tricalcium phosphate, are the calcium-containing crystals most commonly associated with articular and periarticular disorders. BCP crystals can caus... | 16207333 | PMC1257419 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 May 27; 7(5):R915-R926 |
Introduction
An experimental model of the human autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is provided by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is induced in animals after immunisation with type II collagen (CII) [1,2], a major component of articular cartilage. The ensuing autoimmune response includes the formation... | 16207334 | PMC1257420 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 6; 7(5):R927-R937 |
Introduction
Autoantibodies directed to citrullinated proteins (e.g. anti-cyclic-citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP] antibodies) are highly specific serological markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that are thought to be directly involved in the disease pathogenesis [1]. Citrullinated proteins are not exclusively located... | 16207336 | PMC1257421 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 14; 7(5):R949-R958 |
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by the presence of autoantibodies against a multiplicity of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane antigens [1]. Autoantibodies that bind double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA antibodies) are present in approxim... | 16207338 | PMC1257422 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 10; 7(5):R971-R983 |
Introduction
Adrenal and gonadal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (ASD), and testosterone have anti-inflammatory properties mediated by blocking the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and other proinflammatory mediators [1-7]. The more potent, pure andro... | 16207335 | PMC1257423 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 10; 7(5):R938-R948 |
Introduction
Leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into tissue in response to an inflammatory stimulus is a regulated process that requires both adhesion proteins and chemoattractant/activating molecules [1]. Leukocyte emigration occurs primarily from the postcapillary venules and involves a cascade of events incl... | 16207337 | PMC1257424 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 15; 7(5):R959-R970 |
Introduction
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases regulating the breakdown of extracellular matrix and are thereby essential for physiological processes of embryonic development, morphogenesis, and tissue remodelling and resorption, but are also of crucial importance for pa... | 16207317 | PMC1257425 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:39 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 22; 7(5):R1014-R1022 |
Introduction
Fibromyalgia is a common syndrome of which chronic widespread body pain is the cardinal feature [1]. We have previously shown in a community-based prospective cohort study, the Altrincham Pain Study, that psychosocial factors, including reporting other non-pain somatic symptoms, aspects of illness behaviou... | 16207340 | PMC1257426 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 17; 7(5):R992-R1000 |
Introduction
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by a low concentration of serum immunoglobulins and an impaired antibody response to challenging antigens [1]. Although the pathophysiology of CVID is heterogeneous and largely unknown, several causes leading to an ... | 16207321 | PMC1257427 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jul 1; 7(5):R1052-R1055 |
Introduction
Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [1,2]. Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, are predictive of future cardiovascular (CV) events in healthy individuals and may be useful in identifying patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are at risk for re... | 16207339 | PMC1257428 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:38 | no | Arthritis Res Ther. 2005 Jun 29; 7(5):R984-R991 |
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