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Environmental chemicals with estrogenic activities [xenoestrogens (XEs)] have been implicated in harmful endocrine effects on animals and humans such as the feminization of male animal populations (Kloas et al. 1999; Sumpter 1995), reproductive tract malformations and endometriosis (Gotz et al. 2001; Lee 1998; Steinmet...
15811834
PMC1278483
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 14; 113(4):431-439
Evidence from epidemiologic studies indicates that ambient particulate air pollution and air pollution episodes lead to increased cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality (Pope 2000; Schwartz 1994). Although the relative effects of particulate air pollution are greater for respiratory than for cardiovascular mo...
15811835
PMC1278484
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 14; 113(4):440-446
Since the ban in both the United States and Europe on the disposal of sewage sludge at sea, increasing amounts of sewage sludge are likely to be applied to farm land, including pasture grazed by ruminants (Commission of the European Communities 1994; Swanson et al. 2004). Compared to normal environmental levels in soil...
15811823
PMC1278485
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 20; 113(4):447-453
Epidemiologic studies have shown that exposure to PM10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter) is associated with decreased lung function and increased emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases (Atkinson et al. 1999; Dusseldorp et al. 1995). Exposure to PM2.5 (PM ≤2.5 μm in diameter) is related to increas...
15811836
PMC1278486
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 4; 113(4):454-460
The marine biotoxin domoic acid (DA), produced by the cosmopolitan diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, is responsible for causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). DA can affect many different species, most often by the contamination of shellfish beds and planktivorous fish via filter feeding. Subsequent consumption by oth...
15811837
PMC1278487
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 20; 113(4):461-464
Widespread use of chlorinated solvents in dry cleaning and metal degreasing operations over the last century has resulted in extensive groundwater contamination by compounds such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). When released into the subsurface as dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs), chlorina...
15811838
PMC1278488
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 8; 113(4):465-477
The mobilization of endogenously stored lead represents an important health threat to individuals who have experienced elevated exposure in the past. From the skeleton as a primary storage site, lead gradually reenters the circulation through bone resorption. Endogenous exposure may be increased during phases of physio...
15811839
PMC1278489
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 9; 113(4):478-484
As part of a program to study occupational respiratory disease in the nonindustrial environment, we investigated building-related respiratory health in the employees of a large 20-story office building in the northeastern United States. Since the mid-1990s, the building had leaked through the roof, around windows, and ...
15811840
PMC1278490
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 20; 113(4):485-490
A 45-year-old woman who had suffered from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms similar to irritable bowel disease since adolescence sought a private practitioner in 1991 when she suspected medical problems from amalgam dental fillings. In addition to the bowel symptoms, she suffered from fatigue. An analysis of the metal con...
15811841
PMC1278491
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 10; 113(4):491-493
Three recent studies (Berkowitz et al. 2003, 2004; Eskenazi et al. 2004; Perera et al. 2003; Whyatt et al. 2004) appearing in Environmental Health Perspectives examined the relation between pregnant women’s exposures to selected pesticides and birth outcomes. The participants in each of these studies were likely expose...
15811842
PMC1278492
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 10; 113(4):494-498
It is known that particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with both increased morbidity and mortality [Brunekreef 1997; Koenig 2000; Pope 2000; Sunyer 2001; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2004]. In many residences, ambient fine particles readily penetrate indoors (Abt et al. 2000; Allen et al. 20...
15811822
PMC1278493
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 10; 113(4):499-503
Measurement of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) compounds in urine has been used to assess exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in children living in rural agricultural settings (Azaroff 1999; Curl et al. 2002; Koch et al. 2002; Loewenherz et al. 1997; Lu et al. 2000; Shalat et al. 2003) and more recently in urban commu...
15811843
PMC1278494
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 10; 113(4):504-508
Both the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (1996) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA 1996) direct U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct studies to identify and characterize health risks for groups that may be at greater risk than the general population. For non-cancer health effects, the ...
15811844
PMC1278495
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 10; 113(4):509-516
Light-duty vehicles are amazing artifacts, made by the world’s largest industry and fueled by the second-largest. American automakers make a new light vehicle every 2 seconds. Cheaper per kilogram than a fast-food hamburger, those vehicles meet conflicting requirements for performance, emissions, fuel economy, esthetic...
15811809
PMC1278496
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A218-A219
I am honored to step into the leadership of the NIEHS. As the institute’s fourth director, I will strive to maintain the tradition of strong, insightful, and forward-thinking leadership of my predecessors Paul Kotin (1969–1971), David Rall (1971–1990), and Kenneth Olden (1991–2005). While the challenges and research op...
0
PMC1278497
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A220
The statistical examination of the Fallon childhood cancer cluster by Steinmaus et al. (2004) provides renewed justification for opening a larger window onto the expanse of possibilities regarding a possible cause for this extraordinary cluster. Although the cause(s) might very well be the culmination of simultaneous o...
15811811
PMC1278498
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A224-A225
Lai et al. would like to clarify their financial support for their article “Understanding the Spatial Clustering of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong” [ Environ Health Perspect 112:1550–1556 (2004)]. The acknowledgment should have stated that “The research was supported by the Research Fund for the ...
0
PMC1278499
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A227
Iraq’s coastline consists of a 36-mile stretch along the north end of the Persian Gulf. The country has only two deep-water ports, Umm Qasr and Az Zubayr. Three wars—the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 to 1988, the 1991 Gulf War, and the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003—have cluttered northern gulf waters with a welter of sunken ...
15811816
PMC1278500
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A230
The 2005 North American International Auto Show in Detroit saw the introduction of a number of highly efficient cars, including several new gas–electric hybrid models. The market is expected to see even more hybrid and other alternative models in the future, with U.S. sales of hybrids alone projected to grow from 80,00...
0
PMC1278501
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A233
The Toxicogenomics Research Consortium (TRC) was initiated by the NIEHS to integrate genomics approaches into the field of toxicology through the cooperative efforts of research institutions from academia, government, and industry. At one TRC member institution, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), research...
15811817
PMC1278502
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A234-A235
Bocskay KA, Tang D, Orjuela MA, Liu X, Warburton DP, Perera FP. 2005. Chromosomal aberrations in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:506–511. Research has suggested that in utero exposure to pollutants can cause DNA dama...
15828128
PMC1278503
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A237
As the world’s largest nation, China is drawing a lot of attention for its increased motorization rates. Although China’s rate of automobile ownership is low by the standards of the developed world, it is increasing at a very fast rate. Between the late 1970s and 2001, China’s overall fleet of motor vehicles other than...
15811818
PMC1278504
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A238-A245
The internal combustion engine is a mixed blessing. The freedom of movement provided by cars and light trucks—minivans, SUVs, and pickups—is unprecedented. But these same vehicles also pose a major public health problem. It is not surprising, then, that strategies to mitigate the harmful side effects of personal transp...
15811819
PMC1278505
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A246-A249
Despite the fact that the price of gasoline seems stuck around $2.00 per gallon, gas-guzzling SUVs and pickups remain as popular as ever among Americans. The United States produces 25% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions; cars and light trucks account for around 20% of the nation’s energy-related greenhouse gas emi...
15811820
PMC1278506
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A250-A253
Many agencies and organizations have, over the years, assumed that a substance should be assumed benign until proven harmful, and that caution is needed only in limited cases. Advocates of the pre-cautionary principle, on the other hand, assume that it is better to be cautious in the face of scientific uncertainty abou...
0
PMC1278507
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A255
The 2004 NIEHS Division of Extramural Research and Training’s annual scientific retreat was titled “Predisposing Factors in the Development of Complex Diseases.” The retreat focused on factors related to aging, immunology, infection, and genetics in the context of understanding risk modulators of environmentally induce...
0
PMC1278508
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A259
Transportation Environmental Research Program (TERP) Transportation and environmental issues are strongly connected, and in recent years legislation at all levels of government has further heightened the links between these issues. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) addresses these issues every day as complex po...
0
PMC1278509
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A260-A261
I write in response to apparent serious errors associated with Ellen K. Silbergeld’s letter in the May 2004 issue of EHP (Silbergeld 2004). As a toxicologist of nearly 30 years, a private consultant, and associate editor of the International Journal of Toxicology, I am concerned that although Silbergeld’s assertions on...
15811813
PMC1278510
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A225a
Bernard comments on the calculations in my letter (Silbergeld 2004) to criticize my conclusions, which were that the use of arsenic for growth promotion in poultry feeds results in contamination of chicken products (and other food animal products because of the use of poultry litter in feeds), and that the estimates of...
0
PMC1278511
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A225b-A226
It is past time for EHP to stop accepting papers whose funding disclosure makes it obvious there is a conflict, yet “The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.” Méndez et al. (2004) stated that “This investigation was funded by the International Copper Association [ICA] in the form of an unrestrict...
15811815
PMC1278512
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:48
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A226a
Most unfortunately, Tweedale misunderstood and misinterpreted our article “‘Sex and Ceruloplasmin Modulate the Response to Copper Exposure in Healthy Individuals” (Mendéz et al. 2004). The article is about copper homeostasis and homeostatic regulation, not about toxic effects associated with copper. The dose administer...
0
PMC1278513
CC0
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A226b-A227
The high cost of oil makes ethanol and other alternative fuels increasingly attractive. Proponents of ethanol point to corn, wheat, and other food crops as renewable feedstocks for producing the fuel. However, critics contend that diverting food crops for ethanol production is economically unsound, and that the irrigat...
15828126
PMC1278514
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A231a
Vive la Petite Auto! Starting in January 2005 French drivers who buy large vehicles must pay a surcharge of up to about US$4,700 as part of a plan drawn up by the French Environment Ministry. The plan also rewards purchasers of smaller, cleaner vehicles with a rebate of up to US$935; the revenue from the sale of the 35...
0
PMC1278515
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A231b-A233
For several years, federal and state agencies have debated over what is an acceptable level of human perchlorate exposure through food and drinking water. Now Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigators have found the chemical in milk and lettuce from 15 states, including some apparently uncontaminated areas, show...
0
PMC1278516
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A232a
In the past 15 years, the number of droughts and other weather-related natural disasters worldwide has more than doubled, according to the international nonprofit Future Harvest. So it was welcome news when researchers at the University of California, Riverside, reported in the December 2004 Plant Journal what could be...
0
PMC1278517
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A232b
Environmental health professionals are made, not born. That’s the ideology behind the creation of ToxRAP™ (Toxicology, Risk Assessment, and Pollution), an interactive curriculum for grades kindergarten through 9. ToxRAP was designed to help students understand how elements of the environment around them affect their he...
15828127
PMC1278518
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A236a
The National Toxicology Program (NTP), under the leadership of director Kenneth Olden and deputy director Christopher Portier, recently completed a study of hepatic transcript levels following exposure to the model hepatotoxicant acetaminophen. The study was conducted under the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, a...
0
PMC1278519
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A236b-A237
Numerous studies have shown that women who smoke have a harder time getting pregnant and a greater risk of spontaneous abortion and having low-birth-weight babies. Smoking also has long been associated with menstrual disturbances and possibly other antiestrogen effects. But findings on reproductive outcomes have been l...
0
PMC1278520
CC BY
2021-01-05 00:11:49
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr 1; 113(4):A254
In recent years, researchers have found that air pollutants can adversely affect the human cardiovascular system. But little has been uncovered about exactly how that damage occurs. German and U.S. researchers working together have now helped fill that gap, identifying for the first time several key components of heart...
0
PMC1278521
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A254b-A255
By Harvey Blatt Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2005. 277 pp. ISBN: 0-262-02572-8, $27.95 cloth Protecting the environment continues to be a top priority for most Americans. Some examples of major environmental concerns include water and air pollution, hazardous waste disposal, use of toxic chemicals, and environmental thre...
0
PMC1278522
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A274a
Comparative Genomics: RECOMB 2004 International Workshop, RCG 2004 Jens Lagergren, ed. New York:Springer-Verlag, 2005. 133 pp. ISBN: 3-540-24455-7, $58 DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy Moshe Szyf, ed. New York:Springer-Verlag, 2005. 255 pp. ISBN: 0-306-47848-X, $139 Environmental Chemistry: Chemistry of Major E...
0
PMC1278523
CC0
2021-01-04 23:40:58
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Apr; 113(4):A274b
Introduction Several oxidoreductases, such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin (Trx) reductase, and methionine sulfoxide (Met-SO) reductase, have selenocysteine (Sec) in their active sites [1–3]. These selenoproteins are typically 100- to 1,000-fold more active than their cysteine (Cys) mutants. This high catalytic ...
16262444
PMC1278935
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:28
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Dec 8; 3(12):e375
Introduction The Arp2/3 complex is a key cytoskeletal regulator of actin polymerization [1]. The complex promotes the assembly of dendritic actin networks that drive cell locomotion, phagocytosis, and intracellular motility of lipid vesicles, organelles, and invasive pathogens [2]. Conserved among eukaryotes, this seve...
16262445
PMC1278936
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:28
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 8; 3(11):e383
Introduction Histone modifications have been co-located to specific genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays or by immunocytochemistry, and flowing from that, their functions in processes involving these genes, such as epigenetic cellular memory, silencing, and transcriptional regulation, have been implied ...
16262446
PMC1278937
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:28
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Dec 8; 3(12):e393
The capacity for directed motion arises from core cellular processes shared by organisms from protozoa to primates, indicating an ancient origin over a billion years ago. Amoeba foraging for food, pathogenic microbes invading host tissue, host immune cells ingesting those pathogens—all depend on the same core motility ...
0
PMC1278938
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:28
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Nov 8; 3(11):e411
At the heart of every reaction of every cell lies an enzyme, a protein catalyst. At its active site—a special pocket on its surface—it binds reactants (substrates) and rearranges their chemical bonds, before releasing them as useful products. Rearranging some bonds may require help from certain chemical elements that a...
0
PMC1278939
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:46
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Dec 8; 3(12):e419
The human genome contains some 20,000–25,000 protein-coding genes, but at any given moment, only a small fraction of them is actively transcribed. The DNA that constitutes a gene is wound around multiple nucleosomes, barrel-shaped protein clusters that serve to organize and protect the DNA. When nucleosomes are packed ...
0
PMC1278940
CC BY
2021-01-05 08:21:28
no
PLoS Biol. 2005 Dec 8; 3(12):e431
More than 200,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 55,000 cases of in situ disease are diagnosed annually in the United States (American Cancer Society 2003), and U.S. women’s lifetime risk of breast cancer has doubled from about 1 in 14 in the 1960s to 1 in 7 today, or 1 in 6 including in situ disease (Ries et ...
16079059
PMC1280329
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 31; 113(8):920-925
Perchlorate is one of several monovalent anions that have been shown to competitively inhibit thyroidal iodide uptake (Wyngaarden et al. 1952). At sufficiently high doses, perchlorate can block iodine uptake and thus inhibit thyroid function. This characteristic of perchlorate has been used in the treatment of Graves d...
16079070
PMC1280340
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:04
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 20; 113(8):1001-1008
Public perception of the safety and efficacy of childhood vaccines has a direct impact on immunization rates (Biroscak et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004). The current debate linking the use of thimerosal in vaccines to autism and other developmental disorders [Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2001, 2004] has led many families...
16079072
PMC1280342
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 21; 113(8):1015-1021
Evidence that estrogen acts as a gynecologic carcinogen comes from cases of adenocarcinoma and nonneoplastic abnormalities of the genital tract in females who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero (Herbst et al. 1971; Robboy et al. 1977). The subsequent cases of cancer and other gynecologic abnormalitie...
16079073
PMC1280343
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 20; 113(8):1022-1026
Exposure to fine particulate air pollution [aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5)] is associated with increased cardiopulmonary mortality (Pope et al. 2002; Samet et al. 2000). Coronary ischemic events, occurring as rapidly as 1–2 hr after exposure, account for a major portion of this heightened mortality (Peters et al...
16079078
PMC1280348
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 19; 113(8):1052-1055
After an individual’s exposure to a given chemical, a proportion of the chemical may be absorbed into the bloodstream, distributed among the bodily tissues, metabolized, and/or excreted. These four complex steps [i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)] make up the pharmaco-kinetic process of a...
16079083
PMC1280353
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:04
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug 12; 113(8):1083-1091
The people of Africa are besieged by a wide range of diseases that are hard to eradicate because of widespread lack of sanitation and medical facilities. A number of factors—including poverty, lack of technology, undeveloped infrastructure, and political conflict—mean that the vast mineral, water, and forest resources ...
0
PMC1280361
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A519
We appreciate the comments of Zagury and Pouschat and their support of our overall conclusions presented in our article (Kwon et al. 2004). In response to their thoughtful comments, we would like to offer the following clarifications. In the introduction of our article (Kwon et al. 2004), we cited Balasoiu et al. (200...
0
PMC1280374
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A508b-A509
When a 52-year-old Missouri woman approached physicians in 1998 complaining of stiffness and pain in her spine, the symptoms were at first attributed to “disc disease.” But a series of laboratory tests showed that the woman had abnormally thick, dense bones and strikingly high levels of fluoride in her urine—hallmarks ...
0
PMC1280381
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:06
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A518a
Olestra, the nonabsorbable fat substitute, has had a rocky past. Originally explored as a cholesterol-lowering drug, olestra was approved in 1996 for use in fat-free snack foods with the proviso that these snacks carry a warning about possible cramping and loose stools. The Food and Drug Administration dropped this war...
0
PMC1280382
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:06
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A518b
Jason Corburn’s Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice is an important addition to the literature on the science and politics of environmental health decision making. In clear prose, Corburn provides a “descriptive, analytic, and prescriptive understanding of local environmental-health kno...
0
PMC1280385
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:04
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A558a
Are Chemical Journals Too Expensive and Inaccessible?: A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable Ned D. Heindel, Tina M. Masciangioli, Eva von Schaper, eds. Washington, DC:National Academies Press, 2005. 50 pp. ISBN: 0-309-09590-5, $18 Data Analysis and Visualization in Genomics and Proteomics Francisc...
0
PMC1280386
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:05
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug; 113(8):A558b
Perchlorate is a widespread contaminant in drinking water, food, and breast milk [California Department of Health Services (CDHS) 2005; Food and Drug Administration 2004; Kirk et al. 2005]. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft risk assessment for perchlorate in 2002 (U.S. EPA 2002a, 2003), b...
16140613
PMC1280387
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 25; 113(9):1117-1119
Methylmercury is recognized as a potent poison, especially for its neurotoxic properties (Davidson et al. 2004). We report here that diets commonly employed in laboratory animal research may contain concentrations of organic mercury, methylmercury most likely, that are sufficient to directly affect the results. Our con...
16140614
PMC1280388
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 20; 113(9):1120-1122
The United States produces approximately 8.5 billion broiler chickens annually (U.S. Department of Agriculture 2004), providing an unprecedented range of relatively low cost meat products for consumers worldwide. These production figures have been achieved by extraordinary changes and intensification in poultry product...
16140615
PMC1280389
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 12; 113(9):1123-1124
The cancer database used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies for risk assessment for exposure to carcinogens focuses on adults and adult exposures. Much cancer epidemiology comes from occupational studies and rodent cancer studies, which were designed to last approximately a lifetime (2...
16140616
PMC1280390
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 7; 113(9):1125-1133
The carcinogenicity of arsenic in humans has been unambiguously demonstrated in a variety of epidemiologic studies (Pott et al. 2001). Inorganic arsenic exposure has been associated with cancers of the skin, lung, liver, kidney, and urinary bladder [National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2000]. Although arsenic carcinogenes...
16140617
PMC1280391
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 5; 113(9):1134-1139
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter [particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)] has been associated with a wide range of PM-related human health effects in general populations, including the aggravation of heart and lung disease and premature mortality (Brook et al. 2004; Holgate et a...
16140618
PMC1280392
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1140-1147
Numerous time-series studies have investigated the association between daily mortality and some measure of daily ambient particulate matter air pollution (PM) (Chock et al. 2000; Cifuentes et al. 2000; Goldberg et al. 2003; Ito et al. 1995; Kelsall et al. 1997; Klemm et al. 2000; Kwon et al. 2001; Moolgavkar 2000; Ostr...
16140619
PMC1280393
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1148-1152
Inorganic arsenic (InAs) occurs naturally in the groundwater of many parts of the world, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to drinking water containing this known carcinogen (Nordstrom 2002). Ingested arsenic causes cancers of the skin, bladder, and lung and has been associated with cancers of other organs [...
16140620
PMC1280394
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1153-1159
Several pesticides have been considered endocrine disruptors because of their capacity to block or activate hormone receptors and/or to affect sex hormone levels (Vinggaard et al. 2000). Epidemiologic studies have suggested associations between OP exposure and long-term effects, such as reproductive disorders (infertil...
16140621
PMC1280395
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1160-1163
The effectiveness of characterizing changes in gene expression in response to chemical exposure, therapeutic or toxic, or caused by changes in physiological status of tissues or organs (disease, development, etc.), has grown exponentially in the past few years because of the availability of cost-effective microarray te...
16140622
PMC1280396
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 12; 113(9):1164-1171
The growing public concerns about possible effects of microwave (MW) exposure from mobile telephones have been discussed in many countries because of increasing use of wireless communication systems. Two groups have reported that increased incidence of brain tumors and acoustic neuroma is correlated with exposure to mo...
16140623
PMC1280397
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 28; 113(9):1172-1177
Despite the controversial nature of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS)/environmental sensitivities (ES), the following consensus criteria (Bartha et al. 1999) have been proposed to define MCS/ES: The symptoms are reproducible with repeated chemical exposure; the condition is chronic; low levels of exposure (lower th...
16140624
PMC1280398
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 19; 113(9):1178-1183
Volatilization of pesticides from agricultural fields constitutes a large source of potential human exposure. The United States purchases a little more than 900 million pounds of active pesticidal ingredients annually for agricultural use (Donaldson et al. 2002), of which growers in California use approximately 16% [Ca...
16140625
PMC1280399
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 13; 113(9):1184-1189
Few researchers doubt that lead exposure has significant health consequences at levels below those considered medically acceptable just decades ago, although there is still debate over what levels of lead exposure, if any, can be considered harmless. Key to this debate is determining the form of the dose–response funct...
16140626
PMC1280400
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1190-1195
The life expectancy in Bangladesh during the mid-1960s was only 46 years. Many premature deaths resulted from drinking surface water that was contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases (Nyrop et al. 1975). Aid agencies, the Bangladesh government, and private indiv...
16140627
PMC1280401
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 19; 113(9):1196-1204
Twenty-six scientists from 10 countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in June 2004 to develop IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans (IARC Monographs) on formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol (IARC, in press). This is the f...
16140628
PMC1280402
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 12; 113(9):1205-1208
The ALAD gene codes for the enzyme δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), which catalyzes the second step of heme synthesis involving the condensation of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to form porphobilinogen. The most commonly studied polymorphism in the gene, ALAD G177C (dbSNP ID: rs1800435) contains ...
16140629
PMC1280403
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1209-1211
Over the past few years, the number of reports linking outdoor air pollution to adverse birth outcomes including intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and perinatal mortality increased considerably (Glinianaia et al. 2004; Maisonet et al. 2004). The fast expansion of this research worldwide was enabled by the...
16140630
PMC1280404
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 10; 113(9):1212-1221
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an aromatic diester used primarily to soften and plasticize the rigid polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC); DEHP may represent between 20 and 40% of the finished weight of the plastic (Jaeger and Rubin 1973). Among other properties, DEHP imparts to PVC flexibility, strength, optical cla...
16140631
PMC1280405
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 8; 113(9):1222-1225
The number of studies evaluating the effect of environmental exposure to genotoxic agents in children has rapidly grown in the last years (Neri et al. 2005b; Suk et al. 2003), boosted by two main considerations: a) Children may be more sensitive than adults to genotoxic agents, and b) genetic damage occurring at young ...
16140632
PMC1280406
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 31; 113(9):1226-1229
Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases of the older American population. PD affects more than 500,000 Americans (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2004; Siderowf and Stern 2003). About 50,000 new cases are reported each year, and in rec...
16140633
PMC1280407
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1230-1233
Parkinson disease (PD) is of unknown but presumably multifactorial etiology. The main impetus for the environmental causation theory of PD came from the isolation of the chemical compound MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) that was associated with marked parkinsonism in four young adults after using a ...
16140634
PMC1280408
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1234-1238
Schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are mental illnesses of unknown etiology, typically diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood. With no known cure, these diseases are frequently associated with long-term disability and staggering social and economic costs. Over the past 20 years, researchers have t...
16140635
PMC1280409
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1239-1242
Early-life exposures to heavy metals, pesticides, and other neurotoxicants can lead to long-lasting and/or delayed effects on the nervous system (Barone et al. 2001; Thiruchelvam et al. 2002). Such effects may accelerate the natural aging process and may be most prominent in elderly individuals (Moser 2001). However, e...
16140636
PMC1280410
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1243-1249
The population of the United States is aging, and an ever-increasing number of Americans are afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases result from the gradual and progressive loss of neural cells, leading to nervous system dysfunction. According to the National Institute of Neurological Diso...
16140637
PMC1280411
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1250-1256
Demographics of the United States are changing rapidly. By 2030, the number of individuals older than 65 will more than double to 71.5 million [U.S. Administration on Aging (U.S. AoA) 2004]; one of every five Americans will be older than 65 [U.S. Department of Commerce (U.S. DoC) 1996]. This growth in the number of old...
16140638
PMC1280412
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1257-1262
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition afflicting nearly one million people in the United States alone (McDonald et al. 2003). First described almost 200 years ago (Parkinson 1817), it is characterized clinically by resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and bradykinesia with a subsequent loss of ...
16140639
PMC1280413
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep 26; 113(9):1263-1270
In 1998, Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) began “Grand Rounds in Environmental Medicine” as a regular feature (Hu 1998; Hu and Woolf 2003). This soon led to an expanded Environmental Medicine section that aimed to regularly publish articles in the Grand Rounds format as well as reviews, commentaries, case report...
16140601
PMC1280414
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A574-A576
Many factors go into achieving the highest-quality research: a clear vision, sufficient funding, and supportive facilities, to name just a few. But without question, the most critical factor is the human one. All great research starts with a creative idea, which comes from an individual or a group of people working tog...
16140602
PMC1280415
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A578
We recently published an article in which we presented a list of occupational carcinogens (Siemiatycki et al. 2004), based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Program. Our review covered Volumes 1–83 of the IARC Monographs. However, because the IARC Monograph Program is ongoing, the lis...
16140603
PMC1280416
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A580-A581
In "Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure" [ Environ Health Perspect 113:1056–1061 (2005)], Shanna Swan’s affiliation was listed as University of Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota. The correct location is Rochester, New York. EHP regrets the error.
0
PMC1280417
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A583
Deforestation, erosion, and loss of biodiversity all directly affect Central American indigenous peoples’ sustenance, health, and way of life. The new Integrated Ecosystem Management in Indigenous Communities Regional Program (IEM) aims to alleviate these problems and the extreme poverty of many indigenous groups by he...
16140607
PMC1280418
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A588
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) is the largest assessment to date of the health of the world’s ecosystems. Launched in 2001 by United Nations (UN) secretary-general Kofi Annan and authorized by governments through four international conventions, the MA is intended as a tool to inform decision makers and the pu...
0
PMC1280419
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A591
While millions of Americans suffer from illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancers of the breast and prostate, these maladies affect certain population groups more than others, for a host of complex reasons suspected but not confirmed by hard scientific data. Observation of the...
16140608
PMC1280420
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A592-A595
Ünsal-Kaçmaz K, Mullen TE, Kaufmann WK, Sancar A. 2005. Coupling of human circadian and cell cycles by the Timeless protein. Mol Cell Biol 25:3109–3116. In mammals, the Timeless protein is necessary for proper functioning of circadian rhythm, the predictable “internal body clock” that regulates the 24-hour cycle of bi...
0
PMC1280421
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A595
Today’s youth are the environmental health leaders of tomorrow. The Environmental Health Sciences Research Center (EHSRC) at The University of Iowa, in conjunction with its partner, the Belin–Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development (also a component of The University of Iowa), is helping ...
16158523
PMC1280422
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A596
Planet Earth, now home to about 6.5 billion human beings, has thus far disproved the doomsayers. In 1798, Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus predicted that population would outrun food supply on the assumption that human numbers would increase at a geometric rate while food would be limited to arithmetic increases. Then, in 19...
16140609
PMC1280423
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A598-A605
Looking for some adventure? Then how about a trip to Fiji, the Caribbean, or the Seychelles? With their palm trees, lazy beaches, and clear turquoise waters, few places have more appeal than the world’s island nations. Roughly 40 such countries, some sovereign and others not, lie scattered across the planet, ranging in...
16140610
PMC1280424
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A606-A609
The association between air pollution and adverse effects on human birth outcomes is drawing increasing attention worldwide. In one of the latest developments, two epidemiologists at the University of California, Los Angeles, have found that the typical use of air pollution data from fixed monitoring stations may be in...
0
PMC1280425
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:25
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A615-A616
Scientists know very little about the causes of most brain tumors. A small percentage of cases can be explained by familial syndromes, or by exposure to ionizing radiation, but the precise roles of specific genes or other environmental factors, such as lead, remain largely unexplored. A research team now reports an ass...
0
PMC1280426
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A616
Today, more than ever, science education is essential for increasing our science literacy and cultivating the next generation of scientists. Science literacy is key to helping us make sense of the information we receive in this fast-paced world where technologic and scientific advances are made at an ever increasing ra...
0
PMC1280427
CC0
2021-01-04 23:41:26
no
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A617