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Tools for Zebrafish Research
This Program Announcement (PA) is to encourage investigator-initiated applications designed to exploit the power of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for biomedical and behavior research. Applications proposing to develop new tools or genetic or genomic resources of high priority to the z... | 0 | PMC1280428 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A618-A619 |
In their article “Pulmonary Effects of Indoor- and Outdoor-Generated Particles in Children with Asthma,” Koenig et al. (2005) made use of their really interesting model that enables them to discern exposure from indoor- and outdoor-generated particles. They concluded that
The ambient-generated component of PM2.5 [part... | 16140605 | PMC1280429 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:25 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A581a |
We appreciate Moshammer’s comments and his interest in our research. We have several points to raise in reply.
In our article (Koenig et al. 2005), we stated that indoor sources are known to affect airway inflammation. We recognized that indoor sources vary greatly and that 19 homes may not provide a sufficient sample... | 0 | PMC1280430 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A581b |
In their article about blood lead and IQ in older children, Chen et al. (2005) made the very important observation that IQ (intelligence quotient) in older children correlates better with their current blood lead level than with levels determined at 2 years of age. This observation has enormous public health implicatio... | 16140604 | PMC1280431 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A581c-A582 |
In the article “Natural Variability and the Influence of Concurrent Control Values on the Detection and Interpretation of Low-Dose or Weak Endocrine Toxicities,” Ashby et al. (2004) discounted a number of studies reporting low-dose effects caused by endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including bisphenol A (BPA), based on ... | 16140606 | PMC1280432 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A582a |
Figure 1 is the relevant summary figure (Figure 8) from our article (Ashby et al. 2004). Our point in the article, as well as now, is that it is incumbent upon each investigator to accept, to study, and where possible, to understand the extent, nature, and origins of variability (within and between experiments) of the ... | 0 | PMC1280433 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A582b-A583 |
Methamphetamine problems are soaring nationwide. Nearly 60% of county officials report that meth is the largest drug problem in their county, and 87% saw jumps in meth arrests in the past three years, according to a survey released in July 2005 by the National Association of Counties. But meth isn’t just a hard drug; i... | 16158522 | PMC1280434 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A589a |
Watching Mines in Eastern Europe
In January 2000, cyanide from a Romanian gold mine spilled into the Tisza River, killing nearly all the aquatic life and fouling the drinking water of millions of people. To help avoid such incidents in the future, government officials from a dozen southeastern European countries came t... | 0 | PMC1280435 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A589b-A591 |
A 2003 Harris Poll reported that 16% of U.S. adults are tattooed, including over a third of those aged 25–29. Despite the art’s growing popularity, the toxicology of tattoos is poorly understood. Now some ink components—particularly heavy metals—have raised concerns. A lawsuit set to go to trial in October 2005 has bee... | 0 | PMC1280436 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A590a |
California’s San Joaquin Valley, known for its rich harvests of grapes, tomatoes, and oranges, is also prone to smog and ground-level ozone created when the equipment that works the land combines with the natural topography. Now farmers can do their part to clear the air by using “green” farm machinery that boasts grea... | 0 | PMC1280437 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A590b |
Animal studies have linked di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with reproductive and developmental toxicity, and have demonstrated an especially pronounced effect on testicular development when administered postnatally. Previous research has shown that newborns treated at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may receive... | 0 | PMC1280438 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:25 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A614a |
Scientists already suspect that prostate cancer, the second-leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men, is linked with chronic arsenic exposure. Now a team of researchers reports that human prostate cells that underwent chronic, low-level arsenic exposure not only exhibited aggressive carcinoma-like growth, but also sho... | 0 | PMC1280439 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:26 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A614b-A615 |
By Tom Farley and Deborah Cohen
Boston, MA:Beacon Press, 2005. 243 pp. ISBN: 0-8070-2116-4, $24.95 cloth
Much of our daily news is devoted to health care crises. Spiraling health care costs, which currently consume one-seventh of the U.S. economy, are mostly devoted to treating a modern epidemic of preventable chroni... | 0 | PMC1280440 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A632a |
Children’s Health and the Environment: Developing Action Plans
L. Licari, L. Nemer, G. Tamburlini
Geneva:World Health Organization, 2005. 96 pp. ISBN: 92-890-1374-5, $36
Computational Genome Analysis: An Introduction
Richard C. Deonier, Simon Tavaré, Michael S. Waterman
New York:Springer-Verlag, 2005. 540 pp. ISBN... | 0 | PMC1280441 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9):A632b |
Background
Over the last few decades, DNA sequencing has firmly established its role in the broader enterprises of scientific and medical research. Enabled by ongoing development and refinement of laboratory techniques, instruments, and software, investigators are now studying a wide array of genomes at a level of soph... | 16216129 | PMC1280921 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:46 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2005 Oct 10; 6:245 |
Background
Annotating proteins of unknown biological function is still a major bottleneck in the exploitation of genomic information. The main approaches are all based on the recognition of sequence similarity, from which functional homology is inferred with various levels of confidence. Methods such as BLAST, PSI-BLAS... | 16221304 | PMC1280922 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:22 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2005 Oct 12; 6:247 |
Background
Genomes of numerous organisms are sequenced. Computer-assisted assignment of coding regions of the organism of interest is the first important step for the understanding of the complex proteomic network [1]. Even though the quality of such predictions will be satisfying in future, the knowledge of the sequen... | 16225682 | PMC1280923 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:27:22 | no | BMC Bioinformatics. 2005 Oct 14; 6:254 |
Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair disorder, the etiology of which is minimally understood. Since human hair has an important communicational role and also because it is predominantly a disease of the youth, this disorder is able to cause significant psychological distress. Therefore, it would be ex... | 16259629 | PMC1280924 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:29:46 | no | BMC Dermatol. 2005 Oct 31; 5:11 |
Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are fast becoming the markers of choice for genome-wide linkage scans, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and whole-genome association studies [1]. This is due to the existence of high throughput technologies like the GeneChip® Human M... | 16262895 | PMC1280925 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:49 | no | BMC Genomics. 2005 Oct 31; 6:149 |
Background
Postal questionnaires are widely used to collect data on participants in health research. They are an attractive means of collecting data, because they are easy to administer and may be the only economically viable method of collecting data on large numbers of participants who may be geographically dispersed... | 16250910 | PMC1280926 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:32:52 | no | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2005 Oct 26; 5:34 |
Background
A voiced speech signal such as a vowel is created in the human sound production system through phonation and articulation [1]. In normal phonation, the vibrating vocal folds produce a periodic excitation, termed the glottal flow. Due to this inherent periodicity, the spectra of vowels produced by normal phon... | 16225699 | PMC1280927 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:49 | no | BMC Neurosci. 2005 Oct 15; 6:62 |
We have previously published data suggesting that individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) could increase their total daily physical activity over a period of four weeks [1]. Six individuals with CFS were prescribed a daily walking program ranging from 15–25 minutes per day with the hopes of increasing their dai... | 16255779 | PMC1280928 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:37:29 | no | Dyn Med. 2005 Oct 28; 4:10 |
Background
It has become accepted that increasing one's quality of life (QOL) via health promotion efforts and medical care interventions is a desirable outcome for both adolescents and adults [1-3] and monitoring adult QOL continues to be of interest in the United States [4,5]. Monitoring adolescent QOL is also beginn... | 16248897 | PMC1280929 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:15 | no | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Oct 25; 3:64 |
Introduction
Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of different particle types, much of which are unlikely to cause any adverse effects and so the hypothesis has arisen that a sub-component(s) of PM drives the adverse effects. Much research has been, and is being, undertaken to test various hypotheses regarding ... | 16242040 | PMC1280930 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:30 | no | Part Fibre Toxicol. 2005 Oct 21; 2:10 |
Background
In situ hybridisation (ISH) is the method of choice for describing the spatial expression pattern of a given gene. High resolution protocols provide cellular and even subcellular resolution. In multicellular organisms, ISH complements northern blotting, RT-PCR and microarrays, where the extraction of RNA fro... | 16270906 | PMC1280931 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:37:29 | no | Plant Methods. 2005 Oct 6; 1:8 |
pmcBackground
Members of the genus Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca), also known as brine shrimp, are typical inhabitants of extreme environments that have low species diversity and simple trophic structures [1]. These hypersaline environments vary considerably in terms of ionic composition, climatic conditions and altit... | 16250916 | PMC1280932 | CC BY | 2022-09-08 23:19:43 | no | Saline Syst. 2005 Oct 26; 1:9 |
The concept of hormesis has received considerable attention over the past several years (Kaiser 2003a, 2003b). A recent literature search in the PubMed database on the term “hormesis” yielded 215 papers published between 2000 and 2004 compared to 116 published in 1999 and earlier (PubMed 2005). In several commentaries ... | 16203233 | PMC1281265 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 15; 113(10):1271-1276 |
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of structurally diverse and persistent environmental pollutants, widely distributed as complex mixtures. Mechanisms of toxicity of individual PCB congeners depend on the planarity of a molecule (Safe 1994), as well as on molecular weight and biotransformation rate (Rose et a... | 16203234 | PMC1281266 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 26; 113(10):1277-1284 |
Cigarette smoke contains known reproductive toxicants, and smoking has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in women such as infertility, subfecundity, younger age at menopause, and menstrual disorders (Department of Health and Human Services 2001). Previously (Windham et al. 1999), we reported that smoke... | 16203235 | PMC1281267 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 3; 113(10):1285-1290 |
Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides, is increasingly restricted in the United States because of its adverse effects on fetal and neonatal brain development [Barone et al. 2000; Landrigan 2001; Slotkin 2004; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2000, 2002]. Nevertheless, organopho... | 16203236 | PMC1281268 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 2; 113(10):1291-1294 |
There is increasing evidence that the human live birth sex ratio can be altered by a number of environmental and occupational chemical exposures. For example, lower proportions of male offspring have been observed in populations exposed to dioxin (Mocarelli et al. 2000), mercury (Sakamoto et al. 2001), pesticides (Garr... | 16203237 | PMC1281269 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 17; 113(10):1295-1298 |
A widespread occurrence of sexual disruption has been reported in freshwater and marine fish in Europe (Hecker et al. 2002; Jobling et al. 1998; Lye et al. 1997; Minier et al. 2000; Vethaak et al. 2002), Japan (Hashimoto et al. 2000), and the United States (Folmar et al. 2001; Munkittrick et al. 1998), and some of thes... | 16203238 | PMC1281270 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 14; 113(10):1299-1307 |
The presence of toxic heavy metals in the Arctic is evidence of long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of emissions from industrial and urban areas in temperate regions. Aquatic, marine, and terrestrial organisms—the “country foods” of the Inuit—accumulate these metals from the environment, subjecting native populatio... | 16203239 | PMC1281271 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 31; 113(10):1308-1312 |
The first and most common δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism studied was the Msp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4. Since it was first reported (Battistuzzi et al. 1981), many reports (e.g., Onalaja and Claudio 2000) have been published on its association with inorganic lead (henceforth ... | 16203232 | PMC1281272 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 1; 113(10):1313-1317 |
Organochlorines (OCs) constitute a family of persistent, lipid-soluble compounds that includes industrial chemicals [e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB)], pesticides (e.g., DDT, methoxychlor, mirex), and by-products of combustion and various industrial processes [e.g., polychlorodibenzo-p-di... | 16203240 | PMC1281273 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 1; 113(10):1318-1324 |
Consumption advisories for sport-caught fish were first issued by Great Lakes (GL) states during the 1970s. These advisories were based on findings from investigations of the methyl-mercury poisonings that had occurred in Minamata, Japan, and on fish tissue analysis. Since that time, researchers have discovered that a ... | 16203241 | PMC1281274 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 13; 113(10):1325-1329 |
Arsenic is a ubiquitous element distributed in the environment, and millions of people are chronically exposed to arsenic worldwide (Abernathy et al. 1999). Naturally contaminated drinking water is the main source of arsenic exposure, posing potential risk to human health (Nordstrom 2002; Schoen et al. 2004; Smith et a... | 16203242 | PMC1281275 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 14; 113(10):1330-1335 |
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), commonly referred to as perc, is the most frequently used solvent in the dry cleaning industry (Earnest 1996). In New York City and many other urban areas, dry cleaners using perc are sometimes colocated with residences, offices, retail businesses, or food establishments and emit fugitive per... | 16203243 | PMC1281276 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 21; 113(10):1336-1343 |
Lead contamination in candies is a longstanding problem that has evolved with time. Fred Accum (1820) was the first person to systematically investigate the widespread contamination of confectionaries with metallic poisons. His study of 100 sweets sold in Britain during the early part of the 19th century found that 59 ... | 16203244 | PMC1281277 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 26; 113(10):1344-1348 |
Second-hand smoke (SHS), a mixture of smog produced from a burning cigarette and exhaled smoke, contains thousands of chemical constituents, most of which are harmful and cause human diseases such as lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (Boyle and Maisonneuve 1995; Bronnum-Hansen 2000; De Cesaris et al. 1992; Haugen ... | 16203245 | PMC1281278 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 1; 113(10):1349-1353 |
Thyroid cancer, a fairly uncommon form of cancer in the human population, has causal links to environmental radiation exposures (Meirmanov et al. 2003). Although there are multiple epidemiology studies that associate radiation exposure with thyroid cancer, there have been no studies to associate human thyroid cancer wi... | 16203246 | PMC1281279 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 12; 113(10):1354-1361 |
The possibility of adverse health effects of living near landfills has become a major public health issue (Dolk et al. 1998; Elliott et al. 2001; Fielder et al. 2000a, 2000b). The EUROHAZ-CON study of hazardous waste landfill sites in five European countries found a 33% increase in the risk of congenital abnormalities ... | 16203247 | PMC1281280 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 14; 113(10):1362-1365 |
Researchers early on recognized that chronic beryllium disease (CBD) occurred after both high and low levels of exposure and hypothesized that the disease was immunologically mediated (Sterner and Eisenbud 1951). Subsequent work has confirmed the importance of cellular immunity to beryllium in the pathogenesis of CBD (... | 16203248 | PMC1281281 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 26; 113(10):1366-1372 |
Varicella (chickenpox), a common contagious disease of childhood, is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2005]. VZV is characteristic of the alpha herpes viruses and establishes latency in the cells of the dorsal root ganglia after primary infection (Arvin 1996).... | 16203249 | PMC1281282 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 15; 113(10):1373-1375 |
The developing brain is uniquely vulnerable to environmental insult (Rice and Barone 2000). During the last century, devastating community-level exposures to mercury-contaminated grain in Iraq and seafood in Japan established the sensitivity of the fetus to mercury’s toxic effects (Myers and Davidson 2000). More recent... | 16203250 | PMC1281283 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 26; 113(10):1376-1380 |
People are exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) mainly through consumption of predatory fish species, and to inorganic mercury (I-Hg) mainly through release of mercury vapor (Hg0) from amalgam fillings. Both MeHg and I-Hg are neurotoxic, especially for the developing brain [National Research Council (NRC) 2000], and it is w... | 16203251 | PMC1281284 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 15; 113(10):1381-1385 |
Potential hazardous pollutants from industrial sources such as thermal power plants are often emitted to our living environments, where they possibly expose adults and children to heavy metals through inhalation and ingestion of contaminated soil and dust. Earlier literature pointed out that increased use of coal for p... | 16203252 | PMC1281285 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 27; 113(10):1386-1390 |
Early life is a potentially susceptible period for pollution-induced perturbation of the respiratory system (Braun-Fahrländer et al. 1997), DNA (Binková et al. 1995), and possibly the immune system (Hertz-Picciotto et al. 2002). Disturbances during this developmental period may result in transient or irreversible long-... | 16203253 | PMC1281286 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 15; 113(10):1391-1398 |
For almost a quarter-century, phthalate esters have been recognized as major indoor pollutants (Clausen et al. 2003; Fromme et al. 2004; Rudel et al. 2003; Wensing et al. 2005; Weschler 1980, 1984). This reflects their widespread use, primarily as plasticizers, in products ranging from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring... | 16203254 | PMC1281287 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 1; 113(10):1399-1404 |
Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that sensitization to fungi, such as Alternaria, is strongly associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma in children (Arshad et al. 2001; Downs et al. 2001; Halonen et al. 1997; Nolles et al. 2001). However, the role of exposure to fungi, measured in environmental samples, in the d... | 16203255 | PMC1281288 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 20; 113(10):1405-1409 |
Evidence increasingly indicates that breast milk protects against gastrointestinal, respiratory tract, middle ear infections, asthma, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (Klonoff-Cohen et al. 1995; Kovar et al. 1984; Oddy et al. 2003). Several components of human milk have been postulated to confer this protective ... | 16203256 | PMC1281289 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 15; 113(10):1410-1413 |
The series of six articles in this mini-monograph developed out of a desire to learn from the collective experiences of the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (hereafter Children’s Centers) in a way that could be useful for the design and implementation of the National Children’... | 16203257 | PMC1281290 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1414-1418 |
Longitudinal birth cohort studies provide a rich source of information about antecedents of disease that originate in pregnancy or childhood. There have been two previous major longitudinal birth cohort studies in the United States: the Child Health and Development Studies (van den Berg et al. 1988) and the National Co... | 16203258 | PMC1281291 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1419-1429 |
In this article we outline information from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (Children’s Centers) that have conducted studies related to asthma. We do not include information on sampling strategies because the goal of the monograph is to inform the National Children’s Stud... | 16203259 | PMC1281292 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1430-1436 |
The purpose of this article is to present lessons learned in neurodevelopmental assessment of children from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (Children’s Centers) and from previous research. These comments and recommendations are products of the authors’ experiences within ... | 16203260 | PMC1281293 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1437-1446 |
A major study design challenge for the National Children’s Study will be to maximize and characterize exposure contrasts in its cohort of 100,000 pregnant women residing in multiple locations across the United States, thereby enhancing the power to estimate exposure–response relationships from childhood into adulthood.... | 16203261 | PMC1281294 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1447-1454 |
Accurate characterization of children’s exposure to pesticides has proven to be a particularly challenging aspect of the field of exposure assessment. First, the term “pesticides” encompasses a diverse array of chemicals that can potentially produce a wide variety of health effects. Second, exposure of children to pest... | 16203262 | PMC1281295 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1455-1462 |
Over the past several decades there has been growing evidence of the increase in incidence rates, morbidity, and mortality for a number of health problems experienced by children—for example, asthma and other respiratory diseases (Landrigan et al. 2002; Mannino et al. 2002), developmental disabilities (Barone et al. 20... | 16203263 | PMC1281296 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct 24; 113(10):1463-1471 |
Important steps to protect children against environmental threats to health have been taken over the past decade in both the United States and Europe This progress is based on the shared recognition that infants and children are very different from adults in their exposures and their susceptibility to toxic chemicals a... | 16203219 | PMC1281297 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A646-A647 |
Although potentially hazardous environmental exposures are ubiquitous, the development of diseases from direct environmental causes is, fortunately, limited. For most diseases, environmental exposures represent one of several factors contributing to the development and progression of disease. Other factors include vari... | 16203220 | PMC1281298 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A650 |
A commentary by Sass et al. (2005), “Vinyl Chloride: A Case Study of Data Suppression and Misrepresentation,” is itself a case study in misrepresentation. The inclusion of such an article in this peer-reviewed publication stands in contrast to its stated mission to publish “balanced” and “objective” information. Sass e... | 16203222 | PMC1281299 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A653-A654 |
We provided documentation and extensive references to support two claims: industry urged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to downplay data suggestive of cancer risks in tissues other than the liver, and the U.S. EPA reduced the cancer potency estimate of vinyl chloride in accordance with industry input. T... | 0 | PMC1281300 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A654-A655 |
In their article, “Risk-Based Consumption Advice for Farmed Atlantic and Wild Pacific Salmon Contaminated with Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds,” Foran et al. (2005) present recommendations for consumption of salmon containing dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) based on three risk assessment approaches.
Relying strictly on... | 16203223 | PMC1281301 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A655-A656 |
Middaugh et al. suggest that relying strictly on risk assessment to develop fish consumption advice has many shortcomings. We agree. They also argue that risk assessment is only part of the risk management process. Although we separate risk assessment and risk management, we agree conceptually that risk management deci... | 0 | PMC1281302 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A656-A657 |
Surgan raises interesting points in his analysis. This interest has been confirmed by reactions of agriculture authorities all over the world after publication of the article by Richard et al. (2005).
Indeed, scientific problems do exist in the registration of pesticides today, when chronic toxicity tests are conducte... | 0 | PMC1281303 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A658 |
Traditionally an adult disease, melanoma—the deadliest form of skin cancer—is on the rise in both children and adults around the world. In the United States, the overall rate of increase across the population was 2.8% per year between 1981 and 2001, according to data from the National Cancer Institute’s Survey of Epide... | 0 | PMC1281304 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A660 |
The endocrine system encompasses the thyroid gland, the hypothalamus, the pancreas, the adrenal cortex, the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the male and female reproductive glands. Two large and well-established societies, The Endocrine Society and the Society for Endocrinology, serve the practitioners of this field. Bot... | 0 | PMC1281305 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A663 |
Many studies in recent years have documented that whether they’re used to spray in the kitchen or spray in the field, pesticides have a way of getting into almost all human environments. Pesticide exposure isn’t a great idea for adults, but it poses a particular concern in regards to children. These smallest humans, wh... | 16203227 | PMC1281306 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A664-A668 |
Kegler MC, Malcoe LH. 2005. Anti-smoking socialization beliefs among rural Native American and white parents of young children. Health Educ Res 20(2):175–184.
Studies suggest that there are differences between the races in parental “anti-smoking socialization”—that is, how parents influence their children’s expectatio... | 0 | PMC1281307 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A667 |
In today’s world of high-speed interconnection, technology in the classroom helps keep students interested and engaged in the learning process. Taking advantage of this favorable avenue of instructional opportunity, the Community Education and Outreach Program (COEP) of the NIEHS Center in Molecular Toxicology at Vande... | 0 | PMC1281308 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A668 |
Although scientists have postulated a wide range of adverse human health effects of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), the nexus of the debate is the concern that prenatal and childhood exposure to EDCs may be responsible for a variety of abnormalities in human sexuality, gender development and behavior... | 16203228 | PMC1281309 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A670-A677 |
Roughly 100 pharmaceuticals have now been identified in rivers, lakes, and coastal waters through out Europe and the United States in concentrations of parts per billion to parts per trillion. The first major European studies on this topic—in journals such as volume 67, issue 1–4 (1997) of the International Journal of ... | 16203229 | PMC1281310 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A678-A681 |
The electronics industry is learning to do without: it is having to abandon one of its long-time staples, lead–tin solder. For decades lead–tin solder has been used to attach electronic components to printed wiring boards. However, with the body of evidence pointing to serious adverse health effects of lead, the search... | 16203230 | PMC1281311 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A682-A685 |
Manufactured cocoa products frequently have higher lead concentrations than other foods, even though cocoa beans, the main ingredient, have some of the lowest reported lead levels for any natural food. In 2001 the Codex Alimentarius Commission, an international body based in Rome, proposed reducing the maximum permissi... | 0 | PMC1281312 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A687-A688 |
Due to ongoing concerns that high mercury intake via fish can cause adverse neurologic effects in the developing fetus, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration now recommends that expectant mothers should limit their consumption of fish to two or fewer meals per week. But pregnant women shouldn’t throw the baby out with ... | 0 | PMC1281313 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A688 |
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences as launched an innovative new program of R01 research grants specifically designed for new investigators to support their research and to enhance their career progression: the Outstanding New Environmental Scientist (ONES) Award. Through this program, the NIEHS ho... | 0 | PMC1281314 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A689 |
Outstanding New Environmental Scientist (ONES) Award
An essential element of the mission of the NIEHS is the support and career promotion of the future generation of exceptionally talented and creative new scientists who will further the understanding of the impact of environmental exposures on human health. The NIEHS ... | 0 | PMC1281315 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A690-A691 |
The article by Swan et al. (2003) suggested that alachlor exposure was linked to reduced sperm quality in fertile men; after publication of the article, Monsanto (St. Louis, MO) began a detailed examination of the issue because the findings were entirely unexpected and inconsistent with both our information and the ext... | 16203221 | PMC1281316 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A652a |
In January 2004, the Monsanto Company contacted our laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding their concern about the association between alachlor (a Monsanto product) exposure and semen quality reported by Swan et al. (2003). As a result, we provided Monsanto with detailed informatio... | 0 | PMC1281317 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A652b-A653 |
Frumkin’s editorial in the May 2005 issue of EHP (Frumkin 2005) was very interesting and enlightening. On page A291, Frumkin cited several studies that endorse the “broken windows theory,” noting that
Part of this effect may well be due to the disorder and squalor of the environment. Poor people and people of color ar... | 16203225 | PMC1281318 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A657a |
I thank Meléndez for his careful reading of my editorial and for raising the very reasonable question of whether “broken windows”—an indicator of neighborhood squalor—are causally related to poor health.
Clearly the relationship between features of the built environment—including signs of degradation and outcomes such... | 0 | PMC1281319 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A657b |
The findings of Richard et al. (2005) are an important addition to our understanding that the health and environmental effects of formulated pesticide products are not fully reflected in tests conducted on the active ingredient(s) alone. It has been long known that the adjuvants (commonly and misleadingly called “inert... | 16203224 | PMC1281320 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A657c-A658 |
A recently launched campaign known as Rx for Child Survival gets into top gear 1–3 November 2005 with the help of a six-part TV series on global health narrated by actor Brad Pitt. The series, Rx for Survival—A Global Health Challenge, which was produced by WGBH/NOVA Science Unit and Vulcan Productions and will be aire... | 0 | PMC1281321 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A661a |
Mercury’s Afterlife?
A report released by the New England Zero Mercury Campaign says that dental fillings in cremated corpses emit about 2.5 tons of mercury each year, with the amount expected to double by 2025. Dental amalgams are 50% mercury by weight. Although the use of mercury-containing amalgams is declining stea... | 0 | PMC1281322 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A661b-A663 |
The International HapMap Project, a consortium of researchers and funding agencies from the United States, Japan, China, Nigeria, Canada, and the United Kingdom, is set to release a dramatically enhanced version of its haplotype map. The newly revised HapMap will be formally introduced on 26 October 2005 at the annual ... | 0 | PMC1281323 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:27 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A662a |
In response to the growing evidence that chemical pesticide use has potential human health consequences, New York City has adopted two new laws that aim to reduce exposures to toxic pesticides. The pesticide phase-out under these laws, signed in May 2005, will be complete by November 2006.
Under the NYC Pesticide Redu... | 0 | PMC1281324 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A662b |
Field studies have shown a high occurrence of intersex (the presence of both male and female characteristics) and ovotestis (the presence of eggs in the testis) in wild populations of a fish known as roach (Rutilus rutilus) in rivers in the United Kingdom that are downstream from wastewater treatment plants. Furthermor... | 0 | PMC1281325 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:29 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A686a |
Sex ratio—the proportion of male to female live births—can be an important indicator of the reproductive health of a population, whether animal or human. This figure is typically fairly constant. For example, the worldwide human sex ratio ranges from 102 to 108 male births for every 100 female births; in other words, m... | 0 | PMC1281326 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A686b-A687 |
By Jeffrey P. Koplan, Catharyn T. Liverman, and Vivica I. Kraak
Washington, DC:National Academies Press, 2005. 414 pp. ISBN: 0-309-09315-5, $44.95 cloth
On a local daily level, what do 9 million obese children look like? In the typical classroom in America today there are four or five obese students. At an urban high... | 0 | PMC1281327 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A706a |
Biodefense: Principles and Pathogens
Michael S. Bronze, Ronald A. Greenfield, eds.
Norwich, UK:Horizon Scientific Press, 2005. 838 pp. ISBN: 1-904933-12-2, $380
Chemoinformatics in Drug Discovery
Tudor I. Oprea, Raimund Mannhold, Hugo Kubinyi, Gerd Folkers, eds.
Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 515 pp. I... | 0 | PMC1281328 | CC0 | 2021-01-04 23:41:28 | no | Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):A706b |
Introduction
With the number of genome sequences accumulating at a rapid pace, evidence for rampant lateral gene transfer among prokaryotes has increased dramatically [1−4]. Significant advances have been made in understanding this evolutionary phenomenon, and current research is aimed at understanding the impact of ge... | 16292353 | PMC1282332 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:20:35 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2005 Nov 11; 1(6):e56 |
Introduction
Clusters of short DNA repeats with nonhomologous spacers, which are found at regular intervals in the genomes of phylogenetically distinct prokaryotic species, comprise a family with recognizable features [1–3]. These repeats were first observed by Ishino and colleagues [4] upstream of the iap gene in Esch... | 16292354 | PMC1282333 | CC BY | 2021-01-05 09:18:23 | no | PLoS Comput Biol. 2005 Nov 11; 1(6):e60 |
Background
The P-related blood groups include four antigens that are predominantly of glycolipid nature and occur in related biosynthetic pathways [1].
The GLOB blood group system [International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) number 028] comprises the P antigen and the GLOB collection (ISBT number 209) includes t... | 16212661 | PMC1282566 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:39 | no | BMC Genet. 2005 Oct 7; 6:49 |
Introduction
Many natural populations are threatened not only by a dramatic reduction in total area of available habitat but also by increasing habitat fragmentation and degradation leading to declining population sizes and barriers to gene flow if exchange of individuals between subpopulations is restricted [1-3]. Sma... | 16242022 | PMC1282567 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:34 | no | Front Zool. 2005 Oct 20; 2:16 |
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural antiviral mechanism in plant and insect cells. It can also be induced by mammalian and insect viruses in Caenorhabditis elegans, although there is no worm-specific virus isolated so far. An increasing number of observations indicate that RNAi may also be used by mammalian cells to c... | 16253139 | PMC1282568 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:36:39 | no | Retrovirology. 2005 Oct 27; 2:65 |
Introduction
Australian health care policy regarding entitlements to medical care for refugees and asylum seekers is complex. On the one hand, health care policy for refugees entering Australia on the offshore humanitarian program is comprehensive, entitling refugees to Medicare, early health assessment, specialised to... | 16212674 | PMC1282570 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:38:27 | no | Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 2005 Oct 9; 2:23 |
Background
The role of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) in dopamine metabolism has led to investigation of its variants in the etiology of numerous psychiatric disorders including psychotic, affective and anxiety disorders. The largest body of work exists for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder because 1. Imbalance o... | 16232322 | PMC1282571 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:39:20 | no | Behav Brain Funct. 2005 Oct 18; 1:19 |
Background
Avidin from eukaryotic chicken together with streptavidin from prokaryotic Streptomyces avidinii share an unique property not seen in any other known proteins, an extremely high affinity (Kd ≈ 10-15 M) to its natural ligand, the water-soluble vitamin D-biotin [1,2]. High affinity and stability of the free an... | 16212654 | PMC1282572 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:02:58 | no | BMC Biotechnol. 2005 Oct 7; 5:28 |
Background
Compared with their ovarian counterparts, serous borderline tumors (SBTs) of the fallopian tube are uncommon, with limited experience about their clinical behaviour.
Herein we report a case of SBT of the fallopian tube in a young woman that was unusualy presented as hematosalpinx during the laparoscopic ope... | 16212662 | PMC1282573 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:03:08 | no | BMC Cancer. 2005 Oct 7; 5:129 |
Background
Chelation therapy, a program of repeated intravenous administration of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), often given in combination with vitamins and minerals, has been touted as a safe alternative treatment for atherosclerotic vascular disease [1-3]. As this is a non-conventional therapy, there is n... | 16262904 | PMC1282574 | CC BY | 2021-01-04 16:30:07 | no | BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2005 Nov 1; 5:32 |
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