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Active learningis a special case ofmachine learningin which a learning algorithm can interactively query a human user (or some other information source), tolabelnew data points with the desired outputs. The human user must possess knowledge/expertise in the problem domain, including the ability to consult/research auth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_learning_(machine_learning) |
Revealed preference theory, pioneered by economistPaul Anthony Samuelsonin 1938,[1][2]is a method of analyzing choices made by individuals, mostly used for comparing the influence of policies[further explanation needed]onconsumer behavior. Revealed preference models assume that thepreferencesof consumers can berevealed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revealed_preference |
Inmarketing,market segmentationorcustomer segmentationis the process of dividing a consumer or businessmarketinto meaningful sub-groups of current or potentialcustomers(orconsumers) known assegments.[1]Its purpose is to identify profitable and growing segments that a company can target with distinct marketing strategie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentation |
Psychologyis the scientific study ofmindandbehavior.[1][2]Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, bothconsciousandunconsciousphenomena, and mental processes such asthoughts,feelings, andmotives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between thenaturalan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology |
In China,judgment defaulter(Chinese:失信被执行人)[1]orcourt defaulters, commonly known aslaolai(Chinese:老赖) oruntrustworthy person(Chinese:失信人), is defined as a person who is able to fulfill legal obligations determined by the court, but has refused to do so, or illegally tries to evade enforcement such as hiding their asset... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defaulted_executee |
Government by algorithm[1](also known asalgorithmic regulation,[2]regulation by algorithms,algorithmic governance,[3][4]algocratic governance,algorithmic legal orderoralgocracy[5]) is an alternative form ofgovernmentorsocial orderingwhere the usage of computeralgorithmsis applied to regulations, law enforcement, and ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_by_algorithm |
Anhonor system,trust systemorhonesty systemis a way of running a variety of endeavors based ontrust,honor, andhonesty.
The honor system is also a system granting freedom from customary surveillance (as to students or prisoners) with the understanding that those who are so freed will be bound by theirhonorto observe re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_system |
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Karma(/ˈkɑːrmə/, fromSanskrit:कर्म,IPA:[ˈkɐɾmɐ]ⓘ;Pali:kamma) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences.[1]InIndian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle ofcause and effect,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma |
Online presence managementis the process of creating and promoting traffic to a personal or professionalbrandonline. This process combines web design, development,blogging,search engine optimization,pay-per-clickmarketing,reputation management, directory listings,social media, link sharing, and other avenues to create ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_presence_management |
Reputation capitalis thequantitativemeasure of some entity's reputational value in some context – acommunityormarketplace.[citation needed]In the world ofWeb 2.0, what is increasingly valuable is trying to measure the effects ofcollaborationand contribution to community.[citation needed]Reputation capital is often seen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_capital |
Zhima Credit(Chinese:芝麻信用;pinyin:Zhīma Xìnyòng; also known asSesame Credit) is a private company-runcredit scoringandloyalty programsystem developed byAnt Group, an affiliate ofAlibaba Group. It uses data from Alibaba's services to compile its score. Customers receive a score based on a variety of factors based on soci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Credit |
Thesharing economyis asocio-economic systemwhereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraginginformation technologyand theInternet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy |
TheSocial Credit System(Chinese:社会信用体系;pinyin:shèhuì xìnyòng tǐxì) is a nationalcredit ratingandblacklistimplemented by thegovernment of the People's Republic of China.[1][2]The social credit system is a record system so that businesses, individuals, and government institutions can be tracked and evaluated for trustwor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System |
Social currencyrefers to the actual and potential resources from presence insocial networksand communities, including bothdigitaland offline. It is, in essence, an action made by a company or stance of being, to which consumers feel a sense of value when associating with a brand, while the humanization of the brand ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_currency |
Social profilingis the process of constructing asocial mediauser's profile using his or hersocial data. In general,profilingrefers to thedata scienceprocess of generating a person's profile with computerizedalgorithmsand technology.[1]There are various platforms for sharing this information with the proliferation of gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_profiling |
Inpsychologyandsociology, atrust metricis ameasurementormetricof the degree to which one social actor (an individual or a group)trustsanother social actor. Trust metrics may be abstracted in a manner that can be implemented oncomputers, making them of interest for the study and engineering ofvirtual communities, such a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_metric |
Down and Out in the Magic Kingdomis a2003science fictionbook, the first novel by Canadian author and digital-rights activistCory Doctorow. It depicts people competing over how new technology is being used atWalt Disney World, in apost-scarcityworld with an economy based onreputation. Concurrent with its publication byT... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whuffie |
Thealt-right pipeline(also called thealt-right rabbit hole) is a proposedconceptual modelregarding internetradicalizationtoward thealt-rightmovement. It describes a phenomenon in which consuming provocativeright-wingpolitical content, such asantifeministoranti-SJWideas, gradually increases exposure to the alt-right or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline |
Complex contagionis the phenomenon insocial networksin which multiple sources of exposure to aninnovationare required before an individual adopts the change of behavior.[1]It differs from simple contagion in that unlike a disease, it may not be possible for the innovation to spread after only one incident of contact wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_contagion |
Computational propagandais the use of computational tools (algorithms and automation) to distribute misleading information usingsocial medianetworks. The advances in digital technologies and social media resulted in enhancement in methods ofpropaganda.[1]It is characterized by automation, scalability, and anonymity.[2]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_propaganda |
Disinformation attacksare strategic deception campaigns[1]involvingmedia manipulationandinternet manipulation,[2]to disseminatemisleading information,[3]aiming toconfuse, paralyze, andpolarizeanaudience.[4]Disinformationcan be considered an attack when it involves orchestrated and coordinated efforts[5]to build an adve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation_attack |
Innews mediaandsocial media, anecho chamberis an environment or ecosystem in which participants encounterbeliefsthat amplify or reinforce their preexisting beliefs by communication and repetition inside a closed system and insulated from rebuttal.[2][3][4]An echo chamber circulates existing views without encountering o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media) |
Enshittification, also known ascrapificationandplatform decay, is a pattern in whichtwo-sidedonline products and servicesdecline in quality over time. Initially, vendors create high-quality offerings to attract users, then they degrade those offerings to better serve business customers, and finally degrade their servic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enshittification |
Extremismis "the quality or state of being extreme" or "the advocacy of extreme measures or views".[1]The term is primarily used in apoliticalorreligioussense to refer to anideologythat is considered (by the speaker or by some implied shared social consensus) to be far outside the mainstream attitudes of society.[2]It ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremism |
Inpsychology, thefalse consensus effect, also known asconsensus bias, is a pervasivecognitive biasthat causes people to overestimate the extent to which other people share their beliefs and views;[1]it is the tendency to "see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing ci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_consensus_effect |
Far-right political groupsuse mainstreamsocial media platformsfor communication,propaganda, and mobilization. These platforms includeFacebook,Instagram,TikTok, X (formerlyTwitter) andYouTube.[1]By leveraging viral trends, entertaining content, and direct interaction, far-right groups aim to spread their political messa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_usage_of_social_media |
Themisinformation effectoccurs when a person'srecallofepisodic memoriesbecomes less accurate because of post-event information.[1]The misinformation effect has been studied since the mid-1970s.Elizabeth Loftusis one of the most influential researchers in the field. One theory is that original information and the mislea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_effect |
Online youth radicalizationis the action in which a young individual or a group of people come to adopt increasinglyextremepolitical, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject, or undermine the status quo or undermine contemporary ideas and expressions of a state, which they may or may not reside in.[1]On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization |
Radical trustis the confidence that any structuredorganization, such as agovernment,library,business,religion,[1]ormuseum, has in collaboration and empowerment withinonline communities. Specifically, it pertains to the use ofblogs,wikiandonline social networkingplatforms by organizations to cultivate relationships with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_trust |
Selective exposureis a theory within the practice ofpsychology, often used in media andcommunicationresearch, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoidingcontradictoryinformation. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as "co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_exposure_theory |
Asocial bot, also described as asocial AIorsocial algorithm, is asoftware agentthat communicates autonomously onsocial media. The messages (e.g.tweets) it distributes can be simple and operate in groups and various configurations with partial human control (hybrid) viaalgorithm. Social bots can also useartificial intel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_bot |
Thesocial data revolutionis the shift in human communication patterns towards increased personal information sharing and its related implications, made possible by the rise ofsocial networksin the early 2000s. This phenomenon has resulted in the accumulation ofunprecedented amounts of public data.[1]
This large and fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_data_revolution |
Thesocial influence biasis an asymmetricherding effecton online social media platforms which makes users overcompensate for negative ratings but amplify positive ones. Driven by the desire to be accepted within a specific group, it surrounds the idea that people alter certain behaviors to be like those of the people wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_influence_bias |
Media biasoccurs whenjournalistsandnews producersshowbiasin how they report and cover news. The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening ofthe standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article.[1]The direction and degree of media bias in various cou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_bias#Social_media_bias |
Vicarious trauma after viewing mediadevelops after anindividuallearns or hears about someone else experiencing a traumatic event. The information they hear may have a negative psychological impact on the person, even though they did not experience the trauma themselves.[1]
Over the last fifty years, there has been an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarious_trauma_after_viewing_media |
Intrait theory, theBig Five personality traits(sometimes known as thefive-factor model of personalityorOCEANorCANOEmodels) are a group of five characteristics used to studypersonality:[1]
The Big Five traits did not arise from studying an existingtheoryof personality, but rather, they were anempiricalfinding in earlyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Factor_Model |
Personalization(broadly known ascustomization) consists of tailoring a service or product to accommodate specific individuals. It is sometimes tied to groups or segments of individuals. Personalization involves collecting data on individuals, includingweb browsing history,web cookies, and location. Various organization... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalization |
Build to Order(BTO: sometimes referred to asMake to OrderorMade to Order(MTO)) is aproductionapproach where products are not built until a confirmed order for products is received. Thus, the end consumer determines the time and number of produced products.[1]The orderedproduct is customized, meeting the design requirem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_to_order |
Custom-fitmeanspersonalizedwith regard to shape and size. A customized product would imply the modification of some of its characteristics according to the customers requirements such as with acustom car. However, when fit is added to the term, customization could give the idea of both the geometric characteristics of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom-Fit |
Dell Inc.is an Americantechnology companythat develops, sells, repairs, and supportspersonal computers(PCs),servers,data storagedevices,network switches,software, computerperipheralsincluding printers andwebcamsamong other products and services. Dell is based inRound Rock, Texas.
Founded byMichael Dellin 1984, Dell st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell |
Ineconomicsandmarketing,product differentiation(or simply differentiation) is the process of distinguishing aproductorservicefrom others to make it moreattractiveto a particulartarget market. This involves differentiating it fromcompetitors' products as well as from afirm'sother products. The concept was proposed byEdw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_differentiation |
Product managementis the business process of planning, developing, launching, and managing a product or service. It includes the entire lifecycle of a product, from ideation to development togo to market.Product managersare responsible for ensuring that a product meets the needs of its target market and contributes to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_management |
3D printing, oradditive manufacturing, is theconstructionof athree-dimensional objectfrom aCADmodel or a digital3D model.[1][2][3]It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified undercomputer control,[4]with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_manufacturing |
Knowledge-based configuration, also referred to asproduct configurationorproduct customization, is an activity ofcustomisinga product to meet the needs of a particular customer. The product in question may consist of mechanical parts, services, and software. Knowledge-based configuration is a major application area for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge-based_Configuration |
Aninformation societyis asocietyorsubculturewhere the usage,creation,distribution, manipulation andintegrationofinformationis a significant activity.[1][2]Its main drivers areinformation and communication technologies, which have resulted in rapid growth of a variety of forms of information. Proponents of this theory p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_society |
TheInformation Age[a]is ahistorical periodthat began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during theIndustrial Revolution, to an economy centered oninformation technology.[2]The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of thetra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age |
Neuroenhancementorcognitive enhancementis the experimental use ofpharmacologicalor non-pharmacological methods intended toimprovecognitiveandaffectiveabilities in healthy people who don't have anymental illness.[1][2]Agents or methods of neuroenhancement are intended to affect cognitive, social, psychological,mood, or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroenhancement |
Thewheat and chessboard problem(sometimes expressed in terms of rice grains) is amathematical problemexpressed intextual formas:
If achessboardwere to havewheatplaced upon each square such that one grain were placed on the first square, two on the second, four on the third, and so on (doubling the number of grains on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_half_of_the_chessboard |
Arecommender system (RecSys), or arecommendation system(sometimes replacingsystemwith terms such asplatform,engine, oralgorithm), sometimes only called "the algorithm" or "algorithm"[1]is a subclass ofinformation filtering systemthat provides suggestions for items that are most pertinent to a particular user.[2][3][4]R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_discovery_platform |
DHS media monitoring servicesis a proposedUnited States Department of Homeland Securitydatabase to keep track of 290,000 global news sources and media influencers to monitor sentiment.
Privacy and free speech advocates have criticized the project's far-reaching scope, likening it to apanopticon.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHS_media_monitoring_services |
Targeted[1]advertisingordata-driven marketingis a form ofadvertising, includingonline advertising, that is directed towards an audience with certain traits, based on the product or person the advertiser is promoting.[2]
These traits can either bedemographicwith a focus on race, economic status, sex, age, generation, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_targeting |
TheCalifornia Online Privacy Protection Act of 2003(CalOPPA),[1]effective as of July 1, 2004 and amended in 2013, is the first state law in theUnited Statesrequiring commercialwebsiteson theWorld Wide Weband online services to include aprivacy policyon their website. According to thisCalifornia State Law, under the Bus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Privacy_Rights |
Digital marketingis the component ofmarketingthat uses theInternetandonline-baseddigital technologiessuch asdesktop computers,mobile phones, and otherdigital mediaand platforms to promote products and services.[2][3]
It has significantly transformed the way brands and businesses utilize technology formarketingsince th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_marketing |
Hypertargetingrefers to the ability to deliver advertising content to specific interest-based segments in a network.MySpacecoined the term in November 2007[1]with the launch of their SelfServe advertising solution (later called myAds[2]), described on their site as "enabling online marketers to tap into self-expressed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertargeting |
Internet manipulationis the use ofonlinedigital technologies, including algorithms,social bots, and automated scripts, for commercial, social, military, or political purposes.[1]Internet and social media manipulation are the prime vehicles for spreadingdisinformationdue to the importance ofdigital platformsformedia con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_manipulation |
Digital marketingis the component ofmarketingthat uses theInternetandonline-baseddigital technologiessuch asdesktop computers,mobile phones, and otherdigital mediaand platforms to promote products and services.[2][3]
It has significantly transformed the way brands and businesses utilize technology formarketingsince th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketing |
Personal brandingis a strategic process aimed at creating, positioning, and maintaining a positivepublic perceptionof oneself by leveraging unique individual characteristics and presenting a differentiated narrative to atarget audience.[1]The concept is rooted in two main theoretical foundations: marketing theory and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_branding |
Real-time bidding(RTB) is a means by whichadvertising inventoryis bought and sold on a per-impressionbasis, via instantaneous programmaticauction, similar to financial markets. With real-time bidding,online advertisingbuyers bid on an impression and, if the bid is won, the buyer's ad is instantly displayed on the publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_bidding |
Real-time marketingismarketingperformed "on-the-fly" to determine an appropriate or optimal approach to a particularcustomerat a particular time and place. It is a form ofmarket researchinbound marketing that seeks the most appropriate offer for a given customer sales opportunity, reversing the traditionaloutbound mark... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_marketing |
Relationship marketingis a form of marketing developed fromdirect response marketingcampaigns that emphasizescustomer retentionandsatisfactionrather than sales transactions.[1][2]It differentiates from other forms of marketing in that it recognises the long-term value ofcustomer relationshipsand extends communication b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_marketing |
Targeted[1]advertisingordata-driven marketingis a form ofadvertising, includingonline advertising, that is directed towards an audience with certain traits, based on the product or person the advertiser is promoting.[2]
These traits can either bedemographicwith a focus on race, economic status, sex, age, generation, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_advertising |
Variable data printing(VDP) (also known asvariable information printing(VIP) orvariable imaging(VI)) is a form of digital printing, includingon-demand printing, in which elements such astext,graphicsandimagesmay be changed from one printed piece to the next, without stopping or slowing down the printing process and us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_data_printing |
Dynamic pricing, also referred to assurge pricing,demand pricing, ortime-based pricing,andvariable pricing, is arevenue managementpricing strategyin which businesses set flexible prices forproductsorservicesbased on current market demands. It usually entails raising prices during periods of peak demand and lowering pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_pricing |
Customer experience, sometimes abbreviated toCX, is the totality ofcognitive,affective,sensory, andbehavioralresponses of acustomerduring all stages of theconsumptionprocess including pre-purchase, consumption, and post-purchase stages.[1][2][3]
Different dimensions of customer experience include senses, emotions,feel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_experience |
Marketing automationrefers to software platforms and technologies designed formarketingdepartments and organizations automate repetitive tasks[1]and consolidate multi-channel (email,SMS,chatbot, social media) interactions, tracking andweb analytics,lead scoring, campaign management and reporting into one system.[2]It o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_automation |
TheBogardus social distance scaleis apsychological testingscalecreated byEmory S. Bogardusto empirically measure people's willingness to participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups, such as racial andethnic groups.
The scale asks people the extent to which they ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogardus_social_distance_scale |
Consensus-based assessmentexpands on the common practice ofconsensus decision-makingand the theoretical observation that expertise can be closely approximated by large numbers of novices or journeymen. It creates a method for determiningmeasurement standardsfor very ambiguous domains of knowledge, such asemotional inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_based_assessment |
Thediamond of oppositesis a type of two-dimensional plot used inpsychodramagroups. This tool can illuminate the presence of contradictions in processes that cannot be detected by any single questionnaire item using a traditional format such as theLikert scale. The diamond of opposites is asociometricscaling methodthat ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_of_opposites |
Anemployment websiteis awebsitethat deals specifically withemploymentorcareers. Many employment websites are designed to allowemployersto post job requirements for a position to be filled and are commonly known as job boards. Other employment sites offer employer reviews, career and job-search advice, and describe diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employer_review_website |
TheMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) is astandardizedpsychometrictest of adultpersonalityandpsychopathology.[1]A version for adolescents also exists, theMMPI-A, and was first published in 1992.[2]Psychologistsand other mental health professionals use various versions of the MMPI to help develop treatmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-scale_(MMPI) |
In theanalysis of multivariate observationsdesigned to assess subjects with respect to anattribute, aGuttman scale(named afterLouis Guttman) is a single (unidimensional)ordinal scalefor the assessment of the attribute, from which the original observations may be reproduced. The discovery of a Guttman scale in data dep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttman_scale |
Phrase completion scalesare a type ofpsychometricscale used inquestionnaires. Developed in response to the problems associated withLikert scales, phrase completions are concise, unidimensional measures that tap ordinal level data in a manner that approximates interval level data.
Phrase completions consist of a phrase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_completions |
Arating scaleis a set of categories designed to obtain information about aquantitativeor aqualitativeattribute. In thesocial sciences, particularlypsychology, common examples are theLikert response scaleand 0-10 rating scales, where a person selects the number that reflecting the perceived quality of aproduct.
A ratin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rating_scale |
Reddit(/ˈrɛdɪt/ⓘRED-it) is an Americanproprietarysocial newsaggregationandforumsocial media platform. Registered users (commonly referred to as "redditors") submit content to the site such as links, text posts, images, and videos, which are then voted up or down ("upvoted" or "downvoted") by other members. Posts are or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit |
Inpsychologyandsociology, theThurstone scalewas the first formal technique to measure anattitude. It was developed byLouis Leon Thurstonein 1928, originally as a means of measuring attitudes towardsreligion. Today it is used to measure attitudes towards a wide variety of issues. The technique uses a number of statement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurstone_scale |
Brand safetyis a set of measures that aim to protect the image and reputation of brands from the negative or damaging influence of questionable or inappropriate content when advertising online.
In response to ads being placed next to undesirable content, companies have cut advertising budgets,[1]and pulled ads from on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_safety |
Censorshipis the suppression ofspeech, public communication, or otherinformation. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient".[2][3][4]Censorship can be conducted bygovernments[5]and private institutions.[6]When an individual such as an author or o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship |
False advertisingis the act of publishing, transmitting, distributing or otherwise publicly circulating anadvertisementcontaining a false claim, or statement, made intentionally, or recklessly, to promote the sale of property, goods or services.[3]A false advertisement can be classified as deceptive if the advertiser d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_advertising |
Greenwashing(acompound wordmodeled on "whitewash"), also calledgreen sheen,[1][2]is a form ofadvertisingormarketing spinthat deceptively usesgreen PRandgreen marketingto persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, orpoliciesareenvironmentally friendly.[3][4][5]Companies that intentionally adopt greenwas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashing |
Impression managementis a conscious orsubconsciousprocess in which people attempt toinfluencetheperceptionsof other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information insocial interaction.[1]It was first conceptualized byErving Goffmanin 1956 inThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life,and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impression_management |
Peer-to-peer(P2P) computing or networking is adistributed applicationarchitecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged,equipotentparticipants in the network, forming a peer-to-peer network ofnodes.[1]In addition, apersonal area network(PAN) is also in nature a type ofdecentrali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer#Security_and_trust |
Reputation launderingoccurs when a person or an organization conceals unethical, corrupt, or criminal behavior or other forms of controversy by performing highly visible positive actions with the intent to improve their reputation and obscure their history.
Reputation laundering can include gestures such as donating t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_laundering |
Thereputation marketingfield has evolved from the marriage of the fieldsreputation managementandbrand marketing, and involves a brand's reputation being vetted online in real-time by consumers leaving online reviews and citing experiences onsocial networking sites. With the popularity of social media in the new millenn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_marketing |
Asmear campaign, also referred to as asmear tacticor simply asmear, is an effort to damage or call into question someone'sreputation, by propounding negativepropaganda.[1]It makes use ofdiscrediting tactics. It can be applied to individuals or groups. Common targets are public officials,politicians,heads of state,polit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smear_campaign |
Asock puppet,sock puppet account, or simplysockis a false online identity used for deceptive purposes.[1]The term originally referred to ahand puppet made from a sock. Sock puppets include online identities created to praise, defend, or support a person or organization,[2]to manipulate public opinion,[3]or to circumven... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sock_puppet_account |
Inpublic relationsandpolitics,spinis a form ofpropaganda, achieved through knowingly
providing a biased interpretation of an event. While traditional public relations andadvertisingmay manage their presentation of facts, "spin" often implies the use ofdisingenuous,deceptive, andmanipulativetactics.[1]
Because of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(propaganda) |
TheStreisand effectis anunintended consequenceof attempts to hide, remove, or censor information, where the effort instead increases public awareness of the information.
The term was coined byMike MasnickafterBarbra Streisandattempted in 2003 to suppress the publication of a photograph showing her clifftop residence i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streisand_effect |
Defamationis acommunicationthat injures a third party'sreputationand causes a legally redressable injury. The precise legal definition of defamation varies from country to country. It is not necessarily restricted to makingassertionsthat arefalsifiable, and can extend to concepts that are more abstract than reputation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libel |
Any-angle path planningalgorithms arepathfindingalgorithms that search for aEuclidean shortest pathbetween two points on agridmap while allowing the turns in the path to have any angle. The result is a path that cuts directly through open areas and has relatively few turns.[1]More traditional pathfinding algorithms suc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Any-angle_path_planning |
Breadth-first search(BFS) is analgorithmfor searching atreedata structure for a node that satisfies a given property. It starts at thetree rootand explores all nodes at the presentdepthprior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level. Extra memory, usually aqueue, is needed to keep track of the child nodes that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search |
Depth-first search(DFS) is analgorithmfor traversing or searchingtreeorgraphdata structures. The algorithm starts at theroot node(selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually astack, is needed to keep ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search |
Dijkstra's algorithm(/ˈdaɪkstrəz/DYKE-strəz) is analgorithmfor finding theshortest pathsbetweennodesin a weightedgraph, which may represent, for example, aroad network. It was conceived bycomputer scientistEdsger W. Dijkstrain 1956 and published three years later.[4][5][6]
Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest path ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm |
This is alist of operator splitting topics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operator_splitting_topics |
Inmathematics, especiallylinear algebra, anM-matrixis a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is aZ-matrix) and whoseeigenvalueshave nonnegativereal parts. The set of non-singularM-matrices are a subset of the class ofP-matrices, and also of the class ofinverse-positive matrices(i.e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-matrix |
Inmathematics, particularlymatrix theory, aStieltjes matrix, named afterThomas Joannes Stieltjes, is arealsymmetricpositive definite matrixwithnonpositiveoff-diagonalentries. A Stieltjes matrix is necessarily anM-matrix. Everyn×nStieltjes matrix is invertible to a nonsingular symmetricnonnegativematrix, though the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes_matrix |
Semantic integrationis the process of interrelating information from diverse sources, for example calendars and to do lists, email archives, presence information (physical, psychological, and social), documents of all sorts, contacts (includingsocial graphs), search results, and advertising and marketing relevance deri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Integration |
ASPARQL Query Results XML(also sometimes calledSPARQL Results Document) is a file stores data (value,URIand text) in XML.
This document is generally the response by default of a RDF database after aSPARQLquery.
This computing article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL_Query_Results_XML_Format |
SPARQL Syntax Expressions(alternatively,SPARQL S-Expressions) is aparse tree(a.k.a. concrete syntax) for representingSPARQLAlgebraexpressions.
They have been used to apply theBERTlanguage model to create SPARQL queries fromnatural languagequestions.[1]
Thiscomputer sciencearticle is astub. You can help Wikipedia byex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL_Syntax_Expressions |
Net neutrality, sometimes referred to asnetwork neutrality, is the principle thatInternet service providers(ISPs) must treat all Internet communications equally, offeringusersand online content providers consistent transfer rates regardless of content, website,platform,application, type of equipment, source address, de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_neutrality |
Shape Expressions(ShEx)[2]is adata modellinglanguage for validating and describing aResource Description Framework(RDF).
It was proposed at the 2012 RDF Validation Workshop[3]as a high-level, concise language for RDF validation.
The shapes can be defined in a human-friendly compact syntax called ShExC or using any RD... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShEx |
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