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The Bṛhaddevatā (), is a metrical Sanskrit work, traditionally ascribed to Shaunaka. It is an enlarged catalogue of the Rigvedic deities worshipped in the individual suktas (hymns) of the Rigveda. It also contains the myths and legends related to the composition of these suktas. Recensions The extant manuscripts of this text are found in two recensions, the shorter and the longer. The shorter recension contains 1091 verses, of which 18 verses are not found in the longer one. Similarly, the longer recension has 1206 verses, of which 133 verses are not found in the shorter recension. A modern British scholar, A. A. Macdonell concluded that the original size of the work was retained in the longer recension and that the shorter version was an abridgement of it. Macdonnell placed the text before 400 BCE. But, in 1979, a Japanese scholar, Muneo Tokunaga questioned all conclusions of Macdonnell. He assumed the existence of a series of three scribes, who successively interpolated material onto the "core" text. According to him, this "core" text was Shaunaka's Devatanukramani, which is no longer extant. The first expanded version of the Brihaddevata was its shorter recension, which was composed between 1st-5th centuries CE and the second expanded version of the Brihaddevata was its longer recension, which was composed between 7th-11th centuries CE. This also explains its name, which could originally have been Brihaddevatanukramani (an expanded index of the deities). Editions The first printed edition of this text was edited by Rajendralala Mitra. It was published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta as a part of their Bibliotheca Indica series in 1892. According to A. A. Macdonell, this edition had a large number of misprints. It also consisted many impossible readings taken from incorrect manuscripts, omissions of lines, repetitions of lines and insertions of undoubtedly spurious lines. It was based on seven manuscripts. A. A. Macdonell produced a critical edition with an exhaustive introduction in English, seven appendices and a translation into English in two parts, published in 1904. This edition is based on nine manuscripts, as well as Rajendralala Mitra's edition. A new critical edition, by Muneo Tokunaga, of the text was published in 1997. Contents The work consists eight adhyayas (chapters), mostly written in Anuṣṭubh meter, though a number of verses are in Triṣṭubh meter also. Each adhyaya comprises about 30 vargas, each consisting of five verses. The text begins with a long introduction embracing the complete first adhyaya, and twenty-five vargas of the second. The main body of the text beginning from the twenty-sixth varga of the second adhyaya, for the most part, is concerned with stating the deities, in their successive order, for the hymns and stanzas of the Rigveda. It also comprises nearly forty legends, described to explain the circumstances under which the hymns they are concerned with were composed. These legends cover almost a quarter of the whole text. A number of these legends are historically connected to the Mahabharata. Notes Further reading Sanskrit texts Rigveda
巴普寺，位于西藏自治区堆龙德庆县古荣乡，是一座藏传佛教寺院。 简介 2012年，堆龙德庆县实施了顶嘎寺、邱桑寺、其美龙寺、热果寺、措麦寺、乃朗寺、楚布寺、觉木隆寺8座寺院管理委员会综合用房建设工程，以及顶嘎寺、常乃寺、巴普寺、尼玛塘寺、桑古寺5座寺院的公路（桥涵）通达工程。 参考文献 拉萨佛寺 堆龙德庆区
男的死精是什么原因造成的？引起死精症的原因很多,如隐睾,精索静脉曲张,内分泌失调,维生素及微量元素缺乏,病原微生物感染,药物影响等各种因素，大多数少精症只要仔细询问病史,进行详细的体格检查,再配合实验室检查是可以找到病因的。随现在社会的发展，男性的工作以及工作的环境，都会影响以及导致死精症原因主要有以下几点：1、慢性精阜炎：慢性精阜炎时果糖分泌减少，精子死亡，这也是死精症很重要的原因。2、睾丸炎、附睾炎、前列腺炎：尤其慢性前列腺炎时分泌受影响，并使微量元素锌下降，则精子代谢受到影响而死亡。3、自身免疫导致少精：生殖免疫学研究发现，男性自身免疫可影响生育能力，抗精子抗体可影响精子的产生和运送。4、精索静脉曲张：由于睾丸以及附睾血液循环障碍，部分的温度升高，有毒物质积聚，使精子活动力低下而导致死精症。5、长时间的禁欲：长期不射精往往精子密度非常高，死精子多，精子活力差，这种情况属正常，所以检查精液前以禁欲5-7天为宜。6、生殖感染引起：本类疾病如果延误治疗会对男性生育力造成威胁，临床上常出现生殖感染引起死精症病例，这是由于生殖系感染促使精浆成分改变锌、镁、柠檬酸、果糖减少和pH值升高都会直接的影响精子活力。如精囊炎、输精管炎、附睾炎、前列腺炎等疾病。7、性生殖器官的炎症：炎症可使生殖器官充血水肿，血液淤滞，而缺血缺氧，导致精子死亡。附睾炎和输精管炎症等相关的炎症引起的死精子症。由于受到感染的影响，从而大量消耗了精子赖以生存的必需营养物质或微量元素锌，促使精液的酸碱度发生了变化，以及出现抗精子抗体等因素出现的情况，破坏了精子生存的良好环境而使精子死亡。
（学名：Opabiniidae）为恐虾纲的一个科。目的地位未定。 下级分类 本科包括以下属： 参考文献 O
Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya or VKV is the academic wing of Vivekananda Kendra (an organization based on Swami Vivekananda's preachings of life–reforming principles), operating a chain of schools under the project Vivekananda Kendra Siksha Prasar Vibhag (VKSPV). Vidyalaya is a sanskrit word meaning school. The corporate headquarters of the organization is at Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu in southern India. The ideology of Gyan – Yagna, meaning Knowledge Worship, started by Ekanathji Ranade led to the inception of VKV. The school teachings are inspired by the Vivekananda's philosophy of Man – Making & Nation Building. Schools There are a total of 64 VKVs providing education to approximately 20,000 students in the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Nagaland and Tamil Nadu, besides the Andaman Islands. The schools are guided by their corporate values inspired by the general philosophies of Swami Vivekananda, such as Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man, If the poor boy can't come to education, education must go to him etc. The first VKV was started at Sher in Arunachal Pradesh. Most of these schools are fully residential and focus on the holistic growth of their students. In Arunachal Pradesh The schools in Arunachal Pradesh are run and managed under Vivekananda Kendra Arunachal Pradesh Trust (VKAPT) of Vivekananda Kendra headquartered at Dibrugarh in Assam. In Assam The schools in Assam are run and managed under Vivekananda Kendra Shiksha Prasar Vibhag (VKSPV) of Vivekananda Kendra headquartered at Guwahati in Assam. 17. VKPV Jengraimukh Majuli 2012 Primary 18. VKV Borojalenga Cachar 2014 Secondary 19. VKV Sadiya Tinsukia 2014 Secondary 20. VKV Tumpreng West Karbi Anglong 2015 Secondary 21. VKV Sissiborgaon Dhemaji 2016 Primary 22. VKV Bokakhat Golaghat 2018 Primary 23. VKV Khatkhati ( Khatkhati, Bokajan, Karbi Anglong) 2018 Primary 24. VKV Mangaldai Darrang 2018 Secondary In Nagaland The schools in Nagaland are run and managed under Vivekananda Kendra Shiksha Prasar Vibhag (VKSPV) of Vivekananda Kendra headquartered at Guwahati in Assam. In Andaman Ten schools are run in Andaman of which VKV, PortBlair situated in the capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is one among the oldest schools in the islands. Schools in Tamil Nadu Swami Vivekananda Schools in Assam Schools in Nagaland Education in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Schools in Arunachal Pradesh Vivekananda Kendra schools Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing
氧氟沙星栓药理作用？DMA螺旋酶抑制剂，对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌和部分厌氧菌均有较强的抗菌作用。本品与其它抗菌药未见交叉耐药性。
克利夫兰诊所（克利夫兰医学中心；）是世界最著名醫療機構之一，機構集合医療、研究和教育三位一体，提供专业医疗和最新治疗方案的非营利性机构。克利夫兰医学中心始建于1921年2月28日，隶属于俄亥俄州一家非营利性公司——克利夫兰临床基金会，并由其经营。 克利夫兰医学中心本部位于克利夫兰市，在佛罗里达、内华达、加拿大和阿布扎比开设有分院。克利夫兰诊所本部共有超过1400个床位，整个医院体系拥有4400个床位。 历史 早期起步 克利夫兰诊所最早是位于克利夫兰市西部，16教堂大街的一家外科诊所，由法兰克·J·威德创立。 之后，威德的两个助手法兰克·E·邦茨和乔治·华盛顿·克莱尔将其买下。 1897年，他们将诊所搬到了位于克利夫兰市中心展望大道的奥斯本大厦。 1921年：克莱尔，邦茨，以及克莱尔的表兄威廉·洛厄和约翰·菲利普斯博士创建了克利夫兰诊所基金会。同年，克利夫兰诊所搬到了位于东93号大街和欧几里得大厦交界的克利夫兰医学大厦，并与1月26日开始对外营业。除了最早的外科诊所，此时的克利夫兰医学中心还成立了克利夫兰实验室和研究办公室。成立之初，克利夫兰医学中心共有60名员工，医生占14人，护士4人。第一批入院病人人数为42人。 1922年克利夫兰医学中心创始人买下四间民宅用做克利夫兰医学中心的住院部，放射治疗室。以及一栋5层的小楼用作糖尿病患者接受胰岛素注射的地方。为了满足更多的病人看病需求，1924年克利夫兰医学中心在东90号大街和卡内基大厦建立了能容纳184张床位的新中心。 1929年：五月份克莱尔大厦发生爆炸，事故造成123人死亡，50人受伤。菲利普斯博士在这场事故中身亡。五个月后，为重建克利夫兰医学中心大厦克莱尔和洛厄开始筹款活动。 1954年：克利夫兰医学中心正式通过由医师工作人员选出的9名医师组成的理事会，负责诊所的管理。 成长与发展 1959年——曾在1940年发明人工肾脏的Kolff建立了克利夫兰诊所肾透析科 1988年——克利夫兰佛罗里达医学中心开业 1995年——克利夫兰医学中心在美国心脏病治疗中排名第一 1999年——Lerner研究中心正式成立 2003年——克利夫兰医学中心心脏移植手术突破1000例 2004年——凯斯西储大学克利夫兰医学中心Lerner医学院正式成立 2006年——克利夫兰医学中心宣布在阿联酋首都阿布扎比创立其首家海外机构——克利夫兰阿布扎比诊所 2008年——克利夫兰医学中心Lerner研究所的年度研究经费大约为2.5亿美元。 研究 克利夫兰医学中心开展的研究涉及一系列领域，其中包括： 导致心脏病的基因研究 利用干细胞来修复有问题的骨损伤 利用特殊植入物来修复神经紊乱 在經過長達23年的研究，指出缺少運動的死亡率高於吸菸等因素。 克利夫兰医学中心的研究人员关注包括乳腺癌和肺癌、冠心病、心力衰竭、癫痫、帕金森综合症、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、高血压、糖尿病、抑郁症和饮食失调等一系列领域。 重大创新 血清素分离，这是导致高血压的一个关键因素（20世纪40年代） 1958年，克利夫兰医学中心的心脏病专家F. Mason Sones Jr.医生發明了冠状动脉造影术，让医生通过移动的X射线观察心脏及其血管 第一例冠状动脉造影（1958年） 首例微创心脏瓣膜手术（1995年） 首次成功进行喉移植（1998年） 率先在利用脑深部电刺激治疗神经紊乱方面取得成功（2006年） 首例通过患者肚脐进行肾移植（2007年） 美国首次近全脸移植（2008年） 美国首次经导管主动脉瓣置换和修复术（2011年） 发现成人大脑神经元可再生（2011年） 美国首次经导管主动脉瓣置换和修复术（2012年） 发现肠道细菌产品（TMAO）可预测心脏病风险（2013年） 首例fMRI引导的脑深部电刺激手术（2015年） 声誉 克利夫兰医学中心是被美国以及全世界所公认的顶级医疗中心之一，尤其是在医疗技术和医疗管理系统，以及心血管疾病治疗方面。克利夫兰医学中心的心脏病诊疗计划连续21年入围全美最佳，在《美国新闻与世界报道》评选的“2015-2016年度最佳医院”中排名第一。 根据《美国新闻与世界报道》的排名，克利夫兰医学中心的泌尿外科、胃肠科、肾脏科和风湿病科位居全美第二， 其它五个科室也位列前五。在俄亥俄州14项医学排名中，克利夫兰医学排名第一。 Sydell和阿诺德·米勒家族心脏和血管研究所 自1995年起，在美国心脏病专科领域一直排名第一 消化系统疾病与手术中心 自2003年起，在美国消化系统紊乱专科领域一直排名第二 Glickman泌尿科与肾脏病中心 在美国泌尿专科和肾病专科领域均排名第二 骨科与风湿病中心 在美国风湿科领域排名第二，整形外科手术领域排名第三 神经学研究所 在美国神经/神经外科领域排名第八 陶西格（Taussig）癌症中心 俄亥俄州最大的癌症治疗项目 儿科研究所和儿童医院 位列全美前10大儿童专科医院 Stanley Shalom Zielony卓越护理研究所 共有超过14,000名护士，其中包含高级执业护师 医疗水準与安全 为了提高医院的医护水准和医疗安全，克利夫兰医学中心创建了质量与安全研究所，研究所主要关注临床效果、认证体系、医疗风险管理、数据资源管理、环境健康与安全、感染控制、患者医疗安全、流程改进与质量。 克利夫兰医学中心一直提倡透明公开地报告医疗质量数据，为患者及其医生提供他们所需的信息，以便他们在选择接受治疗护理的医院时能够做出正确的决定。质量与安全研究所会发布《效果报告》（Outcomes Book），这份报告中包含克利夫兰医学中心的14个临床医疗机构的外科手术和药物治疗情况总结。 除了这些基于研究所的临床治疗效果报告，克利夫兰医学中心还向公众提供以下报告： 联合委员会绩效衡量计划（qualitycheck.org） 医疗保险与医疗补助服务中心（CMS）医院对比（HospitalCompare.hhs.gov）以及医生对比（medicare.gov/Physician Compare） 克利夫兰医学中心质量效果报告（clevelandclinic.org/QPR） 所在位置 克利夫兰医学中心本部位于克利夫兰费尔法克斯大学城附近，共有41栋建筑，占地160英亩（65公顷）。 克利夫兰医学中心在周边社区经营18个家庭健康与门诊手术中心，在佛罗里达州的维斯顿经营一所多科室医院和家庭健康中心，在加拿大安大略省多伦多经营一家门诊诊所。 克利夫兰医学中心经营着俄亥俄东北地区11家医院，并在佛罗里达州、内华达州、加拿大和阿布扎比等地设有分院。 本部位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰 克利夫兰医学中心儿童医院位于本部院区内；在附近的克利夫兰Buckeye-Shaker社区内设有一家康复中心。 位于俄亥俄州Euclid的Euclid医院 位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰的Fairview医院 位于俄亥俄州Mayfield Heights的Hillcrest医院 位于俄亥俄州莱克伍德的莱克伍德医院。新的家庭健康护理设施将于2016年后半年开始建设，包括一个外科中心和一个急救部门。 位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰的Lutheran医院 位于俄亥俄州Garfield Heights的Marymount医院 位于俄亥俄州Medina的Medina医院 位于俄亥俄州Warrensville Heights的South Pointe医院 位于佛罗里达州维斯顿的克利夫兰佛罗里达医学中心 位于佛罗里达州西棕榈湾的克利夫兰佛罗里达医学中心 位于内华达州拉斯维加斯的Lou Ruvo脑健康中心 位于阿联酋阿布扎比的克利夫兰阿布扎比医学中心 位于利雅得的克利夫兰全球解决方案医学中心 2015年8月，位于美国俄亥俄州Akron的Akron综合健康系统加盟克利夫兰诊所系统。Akron综合健康系统包括阿克伦总医院，探访护士服务和联盟其他成员，VNS临终关怀，洛迪社区医院，埃德温·肖康复研究所和三个健康和保健中心。 参考文献 俄亥俄州医院 1921年建立的组织
東興國小可以指： 新竹縣竹北市東興國民小學，位於新竹縣竹北市的國民小學。 苗栗縣大湖鄉東興國民小學，位於苗栗縣大湖鄉的國民小學。 臺中市南屯區東興國民小學，位於臺中市南屯區的國民小學。 臺中市新社區東興國民小學，位於臺中市新社區的國民小學。 彰化縣鹿港鎮東興國民小學，位於彰化縣鹿港鎮的國民小學。 雲林縣崙背鄉東興國民小學，位於雲林縣崙背鄉的國民小學。 臺南市下營區東興國民小學，位於臺南市下營區的國民小學。 屏東縣東港鎮東興國民小學，位於屏東縣東港鎮的國民小學。 宜蘭縣冬山鄉東興國民小學，位於宜蘭縣冬山鄉的國民小學。
削短型霰彈槍（或Sawed-off shotgun）通常是指那些槍管被削斷或沒有槍托且槍身短小的霰彈槍。 特徵 削短型霰彈槍通常是以雙管霰彈槍或泵動式霰彈槍（如：雷明登870）改裝而成的，相比起標準型霰彈槍，削短型霰彈槍的射程更短，但同時因槍身短小而便於及更輕便。然而也由於它們沒有槍托的原故而導致後座力過大，因此並不易控制，也不利於作瞄準射擊。而且還會有可能降低槍口初速，從而減少殺傷力。 此類武器主要是為滿足近戰需求而設的，是犯罪集團及不法份子常用的犯罪工具（原因是許多國家限制了一般平民擁有手槍和其他槍械，但霰彈槍卻不受此限），但亦有一些執法部門及軍隊的特種部隊會配備此類槍械以用作破門工具。而Masterkey槍管下掛式霰彈槍更以外加戰術配件的形式安裝在突擊步槍的護木下以實現和戰鬥人員的主要武器一體化。 除了削短型霰彈槍以外也存在其他槍托或槍身削短的槍械，如：削短型步槍、削短型榴彈發射器等。 合法性 根據美國在1934年制定的全國槍械法，任何全自動武器、短管步槍及短管霰彈槍必須透過註冊和支付200美元稅金才可擁有。而未經註冊的短管霰彈槍的法定最低長度為18英寸（約46公分）。 流行文化 削短型霰彈槍出現在許多的電影、電視劇和電子遊戲當中，並以各種形式登場。 在1984年電影《-{zh-hans:终结者; zh-hk:未來戰士; zh-hant:魔鬼終結者;}-》當中，從2029年回到1984年的人類抵抗軍戰士凱爾·瑞斯曾在警車裡獲得一枝伊薩卡37泵動式霰彈槍並鋸斷其槍托以方便藏在大衣裡。 在1991年電影《-{zh-hans:终结者2：审判日; zh-hk:未來戰士續集; zh-hant:魔鬼終結者2;}-》當中，飾演終結者T-800的阿諾·史瓦辛格曾使用一支槍身削短的“馬腿”樣式溫徹斯特M1887槓桿式霰彈槍，並在機車上以轉槍退膛（）的方式使用。該種射擊方式對後來出現溫徹斯特M1887的作品影響深遠。 在1995年電影《英雄不流淚》中，主角馬立亞奇曾使用削短型雙管霰彈槍。 在《-{zh-hans:使命召唤：战争世界; zh-hant:決勝時刻：戰爭世界;}-》當中玩家能夠使用削短型雙管霰彈槍。 在《-{zh-cn:使命召唤：现代战争2; zh-tw:決勝時刻：現代戰爭2; zh-hk:使命召喚：現代戰爭2}-》當中，玩家能夠使用一款叫「遊俠」（）的削短型雙管霰彈槍（甚至還可雙持），該武器在故事模式當中也被巴西武裝團匪所使用。另外遊戲内也存在著“馬腿”樣式削短型溫徹斯特M1887，在雙持使用時會以轉槍退膛的方式進行射擊。 在《-{zh-cn:使命召唤：黑色行动; zh-tw:決勝時刻：黑色行動; zh-hk:使命召喚：黑色行動}-》單人模式關卡「沃爾庫塔」當中，玩家扮演的角色亞歷克斯·梅森在騎著機車越獄時會使用一支“馬腿”樣式削短型溫徹斯特M1887以轉槍退膛射擊風格攻擊追兵，奇怪地每射擊兩發後才重新裝填。 在電影《-{zh-cn:生化危机4：来生; zh-tw:惡靈古堡4：陰陽界; zh-hk:生化危機3D：戰神再生}-》中，主角艾莉絲（蜜拉·喬娃維琪飾演）曾使用兩枝彈藥內含有大量硬幣的削短型雙管霰彈槍。 在《-{zh-cn:使命召唤：现代战争3; zh-tw:決勝時刻：現代戰爭3; zh-hk:使命召喚：現代戰爭3}-》當中，玩家可使用一款經現代化改造的削短型溫徹斯特M1887。 在《-{zh-hans:反恐精英; zh-hant:絕對武力;}-Online》當中，削短型雙管霰彈槍為一款可用武器（另外還設有削短型三管霰彈槍和殭屍模式3女英雄專用的削短型四管霰彈槍）。遊戲中的溫徹斯特M1887也設有一種削短槍身的改型，並被歸類至手槍類武器。 在《俠盜獵車手IV：失落與詛咒》當中，玩家可使用削短型雙管霰彈槍，同時可在騎車上使用。 在《-{zh-hans:反恐精英：全球攻势; zh-hant:絕對武力：全球攻勢;}-》當中，一款削短型雷明登870霰彈槍為恐怖份子陣營的可用武器。 在《德军总部：旧血脉》中，主角削短其雙管霰彈槍的槍管，並用來對付變成喪屍的纳粹士兵。 在《-{zh-hans:战地：硬仗; zh-hant:戰地風雲：強硬路線;}-》中，溫徹斯特M1887能夠被削短槍托以增加機動性。相反地，雙管霰彈槍卻被預設為一款削短型霰彈槍，重新添加槍托被視為一種改裝，以便使用者抵消武器強大的後座力。 在《絕地求生》中，削短型雙管霰彈槍為一種可用武器。 參看 中折式 雙管霰彈槍 霰彈槍 超級矮子霰彈槍 霰彈槍 雙管霰彈槍
本列表为中国常驻国际原子能机构历任代表名录。 历任中国常驻国际原子能机构代表 中华民国常驻国际原子能总署代表（1964年－1972年） 1964年，中华民国政府任命常驻国际原子能总署代表，由于未在奥地利维也纳设立大使馆和常驻联合国办事处，常驻国际原子能总署代表办事处额外负责大使馆职能。1971年12月，国际原子能总署承认中华人民共和国为中国合法政府。 中华人民共和国常驻国际原子能机构代表（1984年－1985年） 1984年1月，中国政府设立常驻国际原子能机构代表处，由驻奥地利大使兼任代表。1985年，中国政府设置中国常驻维也纳联合国和其他国际组织代表团。 中华人民共和国常驻国际原子能机构代表、大使（1985年至今） 1985年5月，中华人民共和国开始派常驻联合国维也纳办事处和其他国际组织代表、大使。 参考文献 外部链接 中国驻外大使列表
杨仲子（），男，江西湖口人，中国翻译家，中国国际广播电台高级翻译，曾任第八届全国政协委员。 家庭 父亲杨赓笙，弟杨叔子。 参考资料 Zhong 湖口人 第八屆全國政協委員
Helge Midttun (born 1955) is a Norwegian businessperson and since 2006 CEO of Aker BioMarine and Chairman of Rieber & Søn. Midttun graduated from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1979. He worked for Authur Andersen & Co. (1979-81), Schlumberger (1981-85) before becoming CEO of Scanvest Ring (1986-89). He started working for Rieber & Søn in 1990, and was the hired as CEO of Stento (1996-99). He has since been CEO of Det Norske Veritas (2000-02), Fjord Seafood (2003-06) and Aker BioMarine (2006-). References 1955 births Living people Norwegian businesspeople Norwegian School of Economics alumni
Escudella i carn d'olla, or shorter escudella, (; lit. "bowl") is a traditional Catalan and Valencian meat and vegetable stew and soup. Francesc Eiximenis wrote in the 14th century that it was eaten every day by Catalan people. It is characterized by the use of a pilota, a very big meatball spiced with garlic and parsley; it also contains vegetables as celery, cabbage, carrots, etc. depending on the season. Additionally, bones, sausages called botifarra, and other types of meat, can be used. In historical times a type called escudella de pagès, which had pasta and rice, was traditionally made on Thursdays and Sundays. Service Escudella is typically served in two parts: The escudella proper is a soup consisting of a broth with pasta, rice or both. The carn d'olla is all the meat used in the broth, served afterwards in a tray along with the vegetables used. When both parts are served mixed together, it is called escudella barrejada. Escudella de Nadal There is a particular version of this soup that can be called "escudella de Nadal" (Christmas soup) or either "sopa de galets" (galets' soup) and it is very typical on Christmas Day. It includes meat from four different animals, a pilota, several vegetables and the traditional special type of pasta known as galets, which are snail-shaped and notable for their considerable size. See also Catalan cuisine List of soups List of stews References Catalan cuisine Spanish soups and stews Meat stews
Belafike is a town and commune () in southwestern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ampanihy, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 19.5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is cassava, while other important products are peanuts, maize and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population. References and notes Populated places in Atsimo-Andrefana
刘贤是西汉时期吴王刘濞的太子，字徳明。被刘启（即后来汉景帝）誤殺。卒于文帝十六年（前165年）。 簡介 汉文帝刘恒在位时期，吴國太子刘贤入宫朝见，与皇太子刘启（即后来汉景帝）喝酒、下六博时，在棋桌上为争胜与太子刘启产生争执，太子刘启拿起棋盘砸向刘贤头颅，致使刘贤当场死亡。刘贤死后，汉文帝命人將其尸体送回吴国埋葬，到了吴国之后，吴王刘濞大怒，说道：“天下都是劉家的，死在长安就葬在长安，何必来吳國埋葬！”遂又把尸体送回长安埋葬，以羞辱朝廷。 刘贤被太子刘启误杀后，吴王刘濞从此不遵守诸侯对天子的礼节，称病不朝。开始起了反叛之心，俨然不臣之藩。这种情形延续了十多年，漢景帝時，刘濞發動七國之亂。 參考資料 前165年逝世 西漢宗室 西汉被杀害人物
Sunday Encounter is the US title for a 1958 French comedy-drama film, Un drôle de dimanche. It was directed by Marc Allégret and stars Arletty, Bourvil and Danielle Darrieux with Jean-Paul Belmondo making an early appearance. Plot Cast Bourvil as Jean Brévent Danielle Darrieux as Catherine Brévent Arletty as Juliette Armier Cathia Caro as Caroline Armier Colette Richard as Mireille Jean-Paul Belmondo as Patrick Jean Wall as M. Saunier Roger Hanin as Robert Sartori Jean Lefebvre as le concierge de l'agence Fernand Sardou as le brigadier Jean Ozenne as le représentant de l'agence Jean Carmet as le pompiste Nicolas Vogel as Chartier André Philip as le gendarme attendant le bus Jean-Louis Allibert as le portier du Plaza Olivier Darrieux as un copain de guerre Charles Bouillaud as le réceptionniste References External links Film page at Le Film Guide French comedy-drama films 1958 films 1950s French-language films 1950s French films
李萌娇（），女，汉族，中华人民共和国政治人物。现任本溪市人大常委会副主任，民盟辽宁省委副主委。第十三、十四届全国政协委员。 参考资料 Meng 第十四届全国政协委员
梭边蟹（学名：）为豆蟹科棱边蟹属的动物。分布于日本、斐济岛、新喀里多尼亚、帕劳岛、伊里安岛、菲律宾、丹老群岛、安达曼群岛、莫桑比克以及中国大陆的西沙群岛等地，生活环境为海水，一般与砗磲共栖。 参考文献 S S
张仲先（），原名張澤民，男，山东临城（今微山）人，中国人民解放军将领、中国人民解放军中将，曾任广州军区政治委员。 生平 1940年参加革命，同年参加八路军。1941年5月加入中國共產黨。 曾参加抗日战争（鲁南地区战役战斗）、解放战争（梅河口、公主屯、锦州、海南岛等战役战斗）、抗美援朝战争（第一至第五次战役、板门店地区守备战、西海岸防御作战等）。 中华人民共和国成立后，历任营政治教导员，团政治处主任、政委，师政治部副主任、主任、副政委、政委，军政治部副主任、副政委兼政治部主任，吉林省军区副政委、沈阳军区炮兵政委、沈阳军区政治部副主任、广州军区政委等职。 1993年3月至1998年3月任全國人大常委會委員。 2022年3月5日，在广州逝世，享年96岁，官方讣告称他“为部队革命化、现代化、正规化建设作出了贡献”。 是中共十三大、十四大代表，十二届中央委员会候补委员（1985年中国共产党全国代表会议增选）、十三届中央委员会委员，第八届全国人大常委会委员。 曾荣获三级独立自由勋章、三级解放勋章和中国人民解放军独立功勋荣誉章。 军衔 1988年，授予中国人民解放军中将。 参考 Zhong 中国共产党党员 (1941年入党) 中国人民解放军中将 中国共产党第十二届中央委员会候补委员 中国共产党第十三届中央委员会委员 第八届全国人大常委会委员 中共十三大代表 中共十四大代表 广州军区政治委员 微山人 独立自由勋章获得者 解放勋章获得者 吉林省军区副政治委员
羅佩芝（；），前無綫電視藝員，1981年度香港小姐競選原冠軍，因虚報年齡而被無綫電視取消資格。後改由亞軍勞錦嫦替代。現已淡出娛樂圈，移居美國專心經營自己的美容院。 生平 羅佩芝出生於香港，籍贯中國大陸潮州。移居美國前，羅佩芝於聖瑪加利女書院讀完了中學课程。17歲時，羅與父母一起移居美國舊金山。她於美國入讀了舊金山州立大學，但只取得了肄業證。羅佩芝自幼便富有歌唱天赋，於香港讀中學時，歌唱才藝很好。1978年，羅參加了美国舊金山市举辦的「玫瑰皇后」選美比賽，羅在内获得了冠軍。1979年，羅又參加了舊金山的歌唱比賽，結果她以一曲《葡萄成熟時》(陳蘭麗原唱)再次获得了冠軍。 取消資格事件 1981年5月，已滿25但未滿26歲的羅佩芝回港參選香港小姐。因無綫電視當時規定每位港姐芳齡都不可超過25歲，為了參選，羅佩芝故意虛報出生年份為，由1955年改為1959年。相關參賽年齡上限直至2010年度香港小姐競選才增至27歲，再到2022年度港姐林鈺洧27歲成功奪得冠軍。 最終，羅佩芝赢得了冠軍名誉。不久，有位匿名人跟無綫電視高层告密，無綫電視為維護所定規則的權威性，决定取消羅佩芝的港姐冠軍資格，後改由亞軍勞錦嫦替代。但當時，羅佩芝還在美國享受她做港姐後的喜悅。 與無綫電視簽約 1985年，她得到唱片公司的賞識，并向唱片公司簽了三年的合約，在這期間成功推出了她的个人專辑《好大的風》。在與唱片公司約滿後，羅佩芝和無綫電視言歸於好，并與無綫電視簽下了两年的合約。 演出作品 電視劇（無綫電視） 1987年：鐳射青春 1987年：天龍神劍 電影 1982年：血中血 飾 督察妻子 1987年：呷醋大丈夫 歌曲 我是個女人 好大的風 一人演戲 雪在燒 參考 外部連結 虚報事件 無綫電視女藝員 香港電影女演員 1981年度香港小姐競選參賽者 香港商人 移民美國的香港人 華裔美國人 Pooi 潮州人 1980年代出道的香港歌手 香港聖瑪加利女書院校友 旧金山州立大学校友 年齡爭議
火棉膠是一种硝化纤维的粘稠溶液，溶劑為乙醚和乙醇（比例為 1:2）。 特性 火棉膠可溶於酒精、丙酮或相同分量的醚。若要測試樣品是否火棉膠，可在5毫升的样品中加入20毫升水並搖勻。假若有一些白色的固體出現，則代表該樣品是火棉膠。 用途 火棉膠在医学上用於治癒伤口和疣，在工業上則可用作黏合剂或炸藥。 火棉膠後期亦被化妝師用於去除伤疤等美容用途。 在19世纪中叶時，火棉膠亦曾被用於攝影之中，作感光板的生产原料。 瑞士容許牧民在家牛展覽期間用火棉膠溶液封住乳頭，以防牛奶漏出。 參考 溶液
連基夫（），是烏克蘭的村落，位於該國北部切爾尼戈夫州，由諾夫哥羅德-謝韋爾斯基區負責管轄，面積0.94平方公里，海拔高度152米，2001年人口300，人口密度每平方公里319.2人。 參考資料 Леньків Погода в селі Леньків 切爾尼戈夫州村落 諾夫霍羅德-錫韋爾斯基區村落
Hanns Brandstätter (born 4 June 1949) is an Austrian fencer. He competed in at the 1972, 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics. References 1949 births Living people Austrian male fencers Austrian sabre fencers Olympic fencers for Austria Fencers at the 1972 Summer Olympics Fencers at the 1976 Summer Olympics Fencers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Villach
《返校Detention》是一款2017年發布的恐怖冒险游戏，由姚舜庭於2014年開始獨立製作。姚舜庭原本受到英國小說作家乔治·奥威尔（）的影響想製作出一部反乌托邦題材的臺灣版《一九八四》作品，並製作出第一款名為《魔都》的恐怖遊戲原型；他於後期将《魔都》重新製作成第二款遊戲《返校》，並在2015年與其他五人創立赤燭工作室後共同開發。 劇情講述位在山區一座名為翠華中學的高中校園裡，高中生魏仲廷、方芮欣因故被困在學校中，兩人要想辦法逃出學校，但是卻發現學校的各種事物與場景，都有著不為人知、深埋已久的背景故事。 遊戲玩法 遊戲畫面採用2D橫向捲軸進行左右移動，在部分場景中僅提供有限的視角，除了主角周圍，場景中的其他地區皆看不到。玩家需要使用滑鼠點擊的方式在校園中進行探索，當場景中出現可調查之物件時，游標會變成眼睛等圖示，玩家可透過調查後取得的相關線索進行解謎，畫面下方為道具欄，玩家在遊戲中取得的道具會收納於其中，並在需要時按住滑鼠左鍵拖曳至場景中使用，同時還需要按右鍵屏住氣息躲過魑魅魍魎和鬼差的攻擊，尋找道具想辦法解除機關，找出過去被隱藏的真相。 劇情概述 背景 背景設定在1960年代戒嚴時期偏遠山區的高中校园翠華中學，採用大量的臺灣文化與情境，以及臺灣民間信仰，如城隍庙、城隍爺、黑白無常、魑魅魍魎，民俗的腳尾飯、擲筊、神龕、符咒、十八仔，白色恐怖時期的匪諜、抓耙仔、黑名單等元素。遊戲製作者姚舜庭表示：「遊戲的背景雖然是設定在戒嚴時代，但是並沒有強調故事發生的地點就是在臺灣，更沒有明確寫出時間點，主要是凸顯這是在任何有政治壓迫的時代，都有可能發生的故事。」 故事情節 颱風來臨前的翠華中學裡，少年魏仲廷在課堂上睡過了頭，醒來後發現教室裡空無一人。他在學校禮堂發現了主角方芮欣，兩人決定打電話向外求救；之後魏仲廷卻突然吊死在天花板上，於是玩家操控方芮欣四處探索，並引導出隱藏在方芮欣背後的故事。 故事發生在一所處於戒嚴時期的翠華中學，主角方芮欣是就讀高中三年級的女學生，容貌清秀、成績優異，更出身公務員家庭。但由於父親的婚外情和家庭暴力，導致雙親的婚姻破碎，方芮欣的心情也大受影響，在學校情緒不穩、成績也日漸敗退，因此受到輔導室老師張明暉的關注。青年才俊的張明暉是曾經出國留學的高知識份子，親切的輔導過程使得方芮欣為之傾倒，兩人萌生師生戀。過程中，方芮欣得知張明暉與女教師殷翠涵、男學生魏仲廷等人組織讀書會、閱讀政府不允許的禁書。 張明暉苦於師生戀給自己帶來的壓力，又擔心倘若讀書會一事遭公家發覺，會連累方芮欣，所以提出分手。方芮欣心碎之餘，偷聽到張明暉與殷翠涵的私下談話，使她誤以為殷翠涵是第三者，一怒之下向魏仲廷謊稱自己想讀禁書、獲取知識，從魏仲廷身上取得讀書會的書單，向學校的軍訓教官白國峰檢舉張明暉等人涉嫌反政府，張明暉因此遭到軍警逮捕，依照叛亂罪槍決；魏仲廷在學校背起告密者的黑鍋，遭同學霸凌，在自首之後入獄服十五年有期徒刑；殷翠涵連夜出國，自此流亡海外、直到五十歲時因肺癌客死他鄉。方芮欣因為舉報匪諜有功，受到全校師生讚揚，但她卻對自己的行為感到萬分懊悔，自學校樓頂一躍而下，靈魂徘徊於校園內不得超生，成為地縛靈。 遊戲內有雙重結局，結局的差異取決於方芮欣對她內心的回答。如果方芮欣無法面對內心，她的輪迴將不會結束，會回到禮堂接受褒揚並獲頒一根上吊用的繩索；如果她能夠面對內心，她會發現張老師給她捎來的一紙告別，之後畫面來到因臺灣解嚴而特赦出獄的魏仲廷身上，魏仲廷會走到舊教室裡與方芮欣對視。 開發 《返校》最初是由姚舜庭開啟企劃構想並獨立製作，原本遊戲的原型是一款名為《魔都》的恐怖遊戲，因為缺乏核心故事的關係決定打掉重新製作，並於2014年作出第二款原型。2015年1月，姚舜庭和負責遊戲程式設計的王瀚宇結識後，帶著遊戲概念的雛形，每週於咖啡廳討論協作，後來王瀚宇兄長王光昊、負責音效的楊適維、負責行銷的江東昱、負責美術的陳敬恆等人陸續加入，各自分屬「腦洞」、「魔都」、「亙島」等三個工作室的六人共同出資100萬元新臺幣創立工作室，因此原名「眺望者工作室」的製作團體於2015年2月正式開始製作《返校》。 姚舜庭表示他最初受到英國小說作家乔治·奥威尔的影響想創作一部反烏托邦題材、臺灣版的《一九八四》，希望呈現出壓迫環境中弱小人民的掙扎，後來發現這與臺灣白色恐怖時期的歷史相近，認為應該好好運用臺灣過去的歷史。對於遊戲名稱由來，團隊表示：「學校生活是大家共同的記憶，學生時代對人生的影響重大，校園也是許多人事物的啟程點，所以決定以此命題作為作品的起點，從作品裡訴說著少年少女、人與體制、以及在迷惘中找尋自我的故事。」遊戲最初計畫以短篇章節方式推出，每集內容約2至3個小時，而每集雖然擁有相同的遊戲世界觀，但呈現的卻是不同的故事與價值觀。 遊戲音樂由臺灣作曲家張衞帆擔任，並加入由鄧雨賢作曲的戒嚴時期禁歌《四季紅》、《月夜愁》、《望春風》、《雨夜花》，還有臺灣傳統音樂的唢呐、臺灣喪葬的哀樂「西索米」等，原聲帶則跟遊戲同一天在Steam進行銷售。 發行 作為赤燭遊戲首部作品的《返校Detention》最初在2016年5月13日開放PC平台試玩版，並且和《我滿懷青春的有病》進行合作企劃，玩家需要遊戲內找出潛伏的病病兔。之後在宣傳網站公布遊戲於2017年1月13日在Steam上架Microsoft Windows、MacOS、Linux等正式版本，並同步發行「正體中文」、「簡體中文」、「英語」三種語言。10月3日中國大陸廠商椰島遊戲將遊戲移植到PlayStation 4平台，任天堂Switch版本於2018年3月1日上架，2019年9月5日登陸iOS和Android平台。赤燭團隊表示在遊戲發行當天夜晚，團隊見到下載不多，認為是不是風評不太好而有點沮喪。其後銷售量上升，媒體也開始報導，超過他們的預期，但團隊還是處於虧損狀態。 迴響 《返校》普遍獲得遊戲媒體的好評，PC版在GameRankings、Metacritic分別獲得83.60%分與83/100分。評論網站Rely On Horror在滿分10分裡給了9分的高分，並評論：「《返校》的各個環節都引導玩家一步步地走入不可避免的悲劇，並將你淹沒於其中。」Destructoid的凱文·梅爾賽羅（Kevin Mersereau）給予任天堂Switch版本7.5分，提到遊戲雖然有著遊玩時數過短和過時的設計問題，但體驗上很有趣；Vice則在評論的標題寫上「即使是最灰暗的恐怖遊戲結局都比《返校》的還要有希望」；Polygon表示遊戲所處的時代背景是他讓人难以忘懷的原因。 遊戲在2017年1月20日開辦的台北國際電玩展開展前夕中獲得「Indie Game Award」的最佳設計獎，並在同年舉辦的第十屆巴哈姆特遊戲動漫大賞中獲得「年度人氣電腦單機遊戲」金賞、「年度人氣國產遊戲」金賞。同時遊戲也在獲得「The Journey Award」獎項。 《返校》於2017年1月13日正式開賣後一舉得到遊戲平台Steam臺灣區冠軍，三天衝上「全球暢銷商品」第七名的成績，同月衝上全球銷售量第三名，獲得使用者98%的好評。其中臺灣佔營收56%，中国大陆佔23%，剩下的21%則是英語世界市場。 不少網路遊戲實況主實況《返校》，游戏也在臺灣網路論壇PTT上引起多篇討論，其中一些人還講述家族長輩在白色恐怖所經歷的遭遇。 在中國大陸，也有玩家撰寫文章介紹遊戲的包括動員戡亂在内的臺灣歷史背景以及當時國共内戰後期歷史大環境。 有玩家認為遊戲中的軍訓教官白國峰長相像是中華民國前總統馬英九，特別是眼神和法令紋十分相似。也有網友發現遊戲中的翠華中學看起來就像是1999年921大地震而被震毀的東勢高工舊址，引發大批玩家前往參觀而造成政府機關的困擾；赤燭遊戲於2017年2月7日在臉書專頁發表道歉聲明，表示：「關於團隊未經許可進入東勢高工舊校址，經過媒體報導後造成當地政府機關諸多困擾，赤燭團隊全體在此向所有人員至上最深歉意，也保證往後不會再有類似的行為。」並移除了使用相關素材的影片。 2020年2月，《返校》及同開發團隊製作的作品《還願》，正式納入哈佛大學燕京圖書館的館藏，並作為師生教育目的使用。 衍生作 小說 遊戲於2016年5月13日開放試玩版後反應熱烈，尖端出版透露称會将其改編成小說。2017年1月13日遊戲正式版發售後，同年2月6日由笭菁執筆的恐怖小說《返校-惡夢再續-》正式上市。小說採用了AR擴增實境技術，下載COCOAR2 APP，掃描書中的插圖可以看到遊戲的場景影片。 電視劇及電影 2017年6月8日，公視向赤燭團隊買下IP版權共同開發電視影集。6月21日，確認推出改編電影，由導演徐漢強執導、李烈和李耀華監製，參與拍攝的則是影一製作所，文化部長鄭麗君與赤燭遊戲代表姚舜庭都應邀出席2017年6月22日的記者會。李烈表示劇情本身還是以「人」作為出發點，政治為其背景，去訴說人與人之間發生的事件與情感。電影最後於2019年9月20日上映。 而公視改編成的電視影集，訴說翠華中學30年後的全新故事線，於2020年12月5日週六晚上9點首播。 註釋 參考資料 外部連結 遊戲宣傳網站 返校的Steam頁面 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 電子遊戲爭議 中华人民共和国封禁的电子游戏 改编成电视剧的电子游戏 改编成小说的电子游戏 改编成电影的电子游戏
Darwin's leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis darwini) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It has terrestrial habits and is endemic to coastal central and northern Chile. It is also found in the Atacama Desert. Members of the species have been found in the Llanos de Challe national park of the Atacama Desert. As a nocturnal rodent, P. darwini utilize the varying degrees of moonlight to determine predation risk and will often alter foraging habits in favor of avoiding predators. References Phyllotis Endemic fauna of Chile Mammals of Chile Atacama Desert Mammals described in 1837 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
请描述风团的预防方法？荨麻疹治疗起来很顽固，但是预防却很简单，旅游时戴上一个口罩，就能解决很大问题。荨麻疹是一种伴有剧痒的暂时性的过敏性皮肤病，在旅游过程中如果不小心吸入花粉、动物皮屑、羽毛、灰尘等，就很容易引起荨麻疹。对于出游者来说，预防荨麻疹最好是在旅游时戴上一个口罩，秋天天气凉爽，戴口罩不会感觉过于不适，但是却可以过滤掉空气中的不良致病粉尘，让荨麻疹的发生率大大降低。尤其是到野外或者农村，花粉和动物羽毛比较多的地方，更应该引起足够的注意。秋天是吃海鲜的季节，吃鱼虾、蟹、贝壳类也易引起荨麻疹，如果病人对鱼、辣、冷风过敏，应该避免和这些东西的接触，只要能够做到这点，就可以控制荨麻疹的发作。对于过敏体质的人来说，食品香料也是危险因素之一，不熟悉的食品香料，最好还是不放为好。
方黼臣（），谱名义章，又名继善，字黼臣，号子谦，清朝宁波府镇海县人。国学生，江苏补用同知三品升衔加三级诰赠资政大夫（正二品）。娶郑氏十七房同知衔郑传箕长女。方黼臣虽是清末上海巨商，但他常隐姓埋名，为人处事极其低调。方黼臣也是当时沪上著名的慈善家。 家庭背景 方黼臣为方润斋之子，是桕墅方家族在沪的第三代。方黼臣幼承庭训，有大志，年十五即随侍父至沪，经商贸易已若成人，17岁时父亲去世，便继承家业，跟从叔父方性斋扩展先业，列肆遍于甬沪诸埠，叔父去世后，集内以家政外而商业任一身，家益隆隆。 商业活动 方黼臣是桕墅方家族在沪经商第三代的掌门人之一。在方黼臣经营时期，他以祖辈、父辈两世之基础，又进一步开扩和拓展，使方氏家族事业达到了新高峰 。这一时期，方氏商业遍及天津、上海、南京、汉口、宜昌、长沙、杭州、湖州、宁波、绍兴、南浔、沙市、镇海等地，产业涉及钱庄、糖业、沙船、银楼、丝绸、棉布、药材、南北货、典当、渔业、书业、房地产业等。他和家族其他成员经营的钱庄、银楼被列为上海九大钱庄资本家族集团和上海九大银楼之一。 四明公所 方黼臣（继善）参与了二次四明公所与法租界当局抗争事件。第一次是清同治十三年（1874）法租界商议在四明公所义冢地上开筑道路，遭宁波同乡合力反对，但法租界公董局态度强硬，居然调动警力和军队强行闯进公所，拆毁建筑，并对前来阻止的宁波人大打出手，冲突中被打死7人，受伤20人，酿成血案。这时方黼臣正继其叔性斋之后董督四明公所之事，他不顾个人安危，挺身而出。由于方黼臣和董事们的交涉和努力，最终得到了朝廷及洋务派首领李鸿章的支持并协调，于光绪四年（1878）由上海道与法国驻沪领事订立《四明公所公立议单》。规定此后法国租界内四明公所房屋冢地，永归宁波董事经管，免其迁移。凡冢地之内，永不得筑路、开沟、造房、种植，致损葬棺。 第二次四明公所血案发生在光绪二十四年戊戌(1898)，当时法公董局不顾信义，借口建造学校和医院，欲强行要求征收公所部分地产。据史料记载，方黼臣那时已是四明公所的总董。血案发生后，董事们商议对策的地点就是他公司的所在地“安仁里”（圆明园路，大英领事公馆对面）。“一约于明晨十下响时，在安仁里集议；一约凡属甬人，一律停止贸易...”。几天后媒体报道：“闻英界安仁里方铭（镇）记主人，即公所总董，昨晨鸣钟十下，甬人士之不期而至者，约有数百人...”。方黼臣在抗争中得重病，没看到胜利就去世了。但“佥谓甬人能保尺土折强族，则君（方黼臣）之遗策也”。 方黼臣还出巨资发起在宁波江北岸建宁波四明公所，在慈溪小隐山置义冢地等。至清末民初，宁波人在上海的主要同乡团体是四明公所。据上海图书馆收藏的《上海四明公所大事记》记载，桕墅方家族在沪的五代人中，有9位成员曾出任四明公所董事（方亨宁、方亨黉、方椿、方仁照、方基、方继善、方舜年、方积钰、方积蕃）。但其家族成员遵循祖训，在四明公所里“欲守先人，不好名，不居功”。 方黼臣为宁波四明公所写的《宁郡四明公所条约序》： 葛恩元谨按：上海四明公所，虽肇自嘉庆二年，乡先达钱、费、潘、王诸公经始成之，而道光辛卯增修、咸丰戊午重建，前后之役，倡率醵资大启尔宇者，实惟镇海方公润斋叔侄昆季，则黼臣先生之先德也。先生绳武继志，推西铭胞与之心，复于郡城江北岸设分公所．慈溪小隐山置义冢地，俾旅榇运回故里，得正邱首厘，订条约诒诸永久。仁人之言，其利溥后之览者，将有感于斯文。 公益慈善 方黼臣一生乐善好施，热心公益事业，除了在上海的四明公所外，他还为建志乘书院、赈黄河决口水灾、修桥筑路及广仁堂、福幼堂、育婴堂等捐资巨万。 方黼臣传 张美翊为方黼臣写的传: 精英后代 儿辈：方季扬民国时期上海钱业巨擘。 孙辈：方液仙日化大王和国货大王，方哲民安康钱庄和肇新化工厂董事长。 参考文献 《上海钱庄史料》. 上海: 人民出版社. 1960年3月. F F F 方姓
肌注硬结感染的并发症？本症是肌肉注射的常见并发症。
李本（），又名赵得寿，男，直隶（今河北）遵化人，中华人民共和国政治人物，曾任中华人民共和国农业机械部副部长、党组成员。 参考资料 Ben
《苏珊娜和长老》（Susanna and the Elders）是詹巴蒂斯塔·皮托尼（) 繪於1730年左右的畫作，現藏於意大利大都會藝術博物館。 歷史 參考文獻 外部連結 Giovanni Battista Pittoni «Susanna and the Elders» (recto); Architectural design and other scribbles (verso), metmuseum.org 1720年代畫作 繪畫作品詹巴蒂斯塔·皮托尼
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. It was established in 1976 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is A. Li Wan Po (Centre for Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.668. References External links Pharmacology journals English-language journals Bimonthly journals Academic journals established in 1976 Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
下列贵妃姓韦： 韋珪：唐太宗的贵妃 韦贵妃 (唐穆宗)：唐穆宗的贵妃 韦姓人名消歧义
阿富汗共和國可以指： 阿富汗共和國，存在於1973年－1978年，是阿富汗的第一個共和政權 阿富汗民主共和國，存在於1978年－1992年，是阿富汗的第二個共和政權，1987年－1992年名為阿富汗共和國 阿富汗伊斯蘭共和國，存在於2004年－2021年，是阿富汗的第三個共和政權。 阿富汗政治史
视网膜母细胞瘤的鉴别诊断？以下疾病与视网膜母细胞瘤存在一定的相似症状，诊断时应该进行鉴别：如果眼部检查已显示出存在异常，那幺接下来的检查可能还包括各种图像诊断，例如CT扫描、核磁共振成像以及超声波扫描等。CT扫描与核磁共振成像可以帮助确定结构异常以及钙的分布，而超声波检查则可以检查出肿瘤的大小与厚度。通过骨髓检查或者腰椎穿刺可以检查肿瘤是否发生了转移。
科森斯格羅夫（）是位於美國堪薩斯州米切爾縣的一個鬼鎮。 地理 科森斯格羅夫所處的海拔為高於海平面475米（即1558英呎），而該地所採用的時區為UTC-6，即北美中部時區（CST）。同時該地設有夏令時間，為UTC-6調快一小時，即UTC-5（CDT）。 歷史 科森斯格羅夫的郵政局於1894年設立，直到1895年結束營運。 參考文獻 堪薩斯州鬼鎮 米切爾縣鬼鎮 (堪薩斯州)
Arbeca is a village in the comarca of Les Garrigues, in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain. It is the third village of Les Garrigues in number of inhabitants, close to Les Borges Blanques and Juneda. The population is about 2,500 and the village has given its name to arbequina olives, used to produce a highly valued olive oil for human consumption, grown not only in Les Garrigues but also in many places in Spain, such as Andalusia. The economy of the village is basically agrarian, with the cultivation on its irrigated and unirrigated land of almonds, cereals, pears, apples, olives, peaches, etc. Arbeca is situated in the north-northeast of Les Garrigues, near the comarques of Pla d'Urgell and Urgell, and about 30 kilometers from Lleida, the capital of the province of the same name. References External links Web site of Arbeca's town council Government data pages Municipalities in Garrigues (comarca) Populated places in Garrigues (comarca)
Tommi Taneli Nakari (born 1967) is a Finnish serial killer who killed two common-law wives and his mother between 1992 and 2008. For the final crime, he was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 14.5 years imprisonment, despite his claims that he couldn't remember committing any of the murders. Murders First murder On August 17, 1992, Tommi and his common-law wife decided to go on a trip to Helsinki, since they had recently retrieved their unemployment benefits. Instead, they ended up in Pieksämäki, where they spent the night drinking alcohol with friends in various drinking establishments. When the bars closed down, the couple started their journey back home to Mikkeli, since none of their friends were at home. At the train station, they came across an ex-convict who was also en route to Mikkeli. For an undisclosed reason, Nakari and his wife began arguing, resulting in the former walking away without his wife and sleeping the night off in a nearby grill bar. On the following morning, in an attempt to cure his hangover, Nakari began to drink large amounts of beer, which was combined with a bottle of Lorazepam. He managed to stumble back to his house, as he was worried about his wife. He found her there, with his wife explaining that she had been released from custody on the night before. Nakari didn't believe her explanation, and began chewing down on various medical pills he had lying in his home. His wife began scolding him for it, and in the heat of the moment, Nakari picked up a long bladed knife and stabbed his wife ten times with brutal force, so much so that the knife pierced through her body to the other side. As a finishing blow, he also cut her throat. He then covered the body up with cloths and towels, before falling asleep. After a few days passed, Nakari regained consciousness, unable to remember what had happened. He entered the bedroom, only to find that the walls were splattered in blood and his wife's body sprawled on the floor. Realizing that he had killed her, Nakari attempted suicide by slicing his wrists, but the bleeding stopped, prompting him to wash it off in the bathtub. He then attempted to hang himself in wardrobe, but again failed. Nakari then left the city, spending the rest of the week binging alcohol and drugs, keeping the homicide a secret. He was eventually detained by police and brought back to his apartment, where authorities found the decomposing body of his wife. Nakari was then brought to the Health Care Legal Security Center, where he was diagnosed with a personality disorder. Taking this diagnosis into account, the court commuted his initial sentence of 12.4 years to 8 years. Second murder In the fall of 1998, Nakari was released from prison and returned to his mother's home. Several months later, the two got into an argument over cleaning, and in a drunken rage, Nakari began punching his mother, knocking her to the ground. He then grabbed a kitchen knife and scissors, with which he stabbed his mother in the neck and face 19 times. Like with the previous murder, he dragged the body to the washroom, where he covered it up with cloths and towels. When he was arrested, Nakari again claimed that he didn't remember anything. In response to this murder, the Mikkeli District Court was sentenced to 10.8 years in prison. Third murder After his release in June 2006, Nakari again returned to Mikkeli, where he later met 26-year-old Anna-Emilia Simniceanu from Jyväskylä. Despite warnings from her family and friends about her new boyfriend's past, Simniceanu continued to go out with him, and the couple even planned a holiday trip to India in the winter of 2008. On January 10, 2008, the couple rented a summer cottage in Mikkeli, where they planned to visit Nakari's relatives. However, on the way, the two got into an argument, with Nakari pulling out a knife and grazing Simniceanu on the arm while driving. When they reached the cottage, he renewed his attack, managing to incapacitate Simniceanu. After she fell to the ground, he strangled her and then left the body lying in the yard. After she failed to get back to her parents, they alerted the police in Jyväskylä, who in turn requested assistance from the Mikkeli police. On January 15, Simniceanu's body was found in cottage's yard, but Nakari was nowhere to be seen. An arrest warrant was issued for him, with him remaining on the run until March, when he was arrested by police in Kuopio without incident. He was brought to trial, and in 2009, he was sentenced to 14.5 years imprisonment, in addition to paying 16,000 euros in reparations to the family. The sentence was automatically appealed, but later upheld by the Eastern Finland Court. See also List of serial killers by country References 1967 births 20th-century Finnish criminals 21st-century Finnish criminals Finnish male criminals Finnish people convicted of manslaughter Finnish people convicted of murder Finnish serial killers Living people Matricides People convicted of murder by Finland People from Mikkeli
拉费尔瓜拉夫（西班牙语：），是西班牙巴伦西亚自治区巴伦西亚省的一个市镇。总面积16平方公里，总人口2381人（2001年），人口密度149人/平方公里。 参考文献 巴伦西亚省市镇
《晨钟响彻黄昏》，迟子建的长篇小说。 写作和出版 从《晨钟响彻黄昏》起，迟子建开始关注和写她的故乡黑龙江省哈尔滨市。 内容 宋加文是大学里的一名教师，他和妻子离婚了，她嫁给了一个商人，他现在在和一个女人恋爱，两人离婚后，儿子无家可归，结果撞见了商人在干不法之事，被商人迫害，跳楼而死。女孩刘天园大学毕业，是一个冰清玉洁的姑娘，但是却在进入社会之后被男人强奸，忠于贞节的她撞车自杀，但是没有成功，她认为自己是“脏女人”，后来变成失忆病人，住进了精神病院，一名男医生把她强奸，使她恢复了记忆，最后她自杀，死在那里。 角色 刘天园 王喜林：刘天园的同事、领导，爱慕刘天园。 宋加文：刘天园的老师 主题和风格 《晨钟响彻黄昏》通过“刘天园”被强奸、自杀，控诉了生活中的强奸犯，表达了对生命的敬畏。 参考文献 迟子建作品
Henrique Lemle (also spelled Heinrich Lemle) was a German-Brazilian rabbi associated with Reform Judaism. Lemle was born in 1909 in Augsburg, Germany. He received his doctorate degree in 1932 and served as a rabbi in Mannheim and Frankfurt-am-Main. Under the Nazi regime, Lemle was briefly interned in the Buchenwald concentration camp until he was released through the efforts of the Joint Distribution Committee who assisted Lemle in migrating to the United Kingdom. He subsequently migrated to Brazil where his rabbinic career included his position as rabbi to the liberal Jewish community in Rio de Janeiro. He died in Brazil in 1978 at age 68. Career After settling in Brazil, Lemle founded the Associacao Religiosa Israelita for Jewish immigrants. Lemle also co-founded the Christian-Jewish Fraternal Council in Brazil. Lemle authored a number of Jewish books, including a Jewish prayerbook in Portuguese. References 1978 deaths 1909 births Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Brazil People from Augsburg Buchenwald concentration camp survivors 20th-century German rabbis Brazilian Reform Jews Brazilian rabbis Date of birth missing Date of death missing Jewish religious writers Clergy from Bavaria 20th-century Brazilian rabbis
松蘑的化学成份是什么?？1.褐环乳牛肝菌含厚环乳牛肝菌素(gre-villin)D，蛋白质；氨基酸有谷氨酸(glutamicacid)，缬氨酸(valine)，脯氨酸(proline)，丙氨酸(alanine)，亮氨酸(leucine)，赖氨酸(lysine)，鸟氨酸(ornithine)及精氨酸(arginine)；B族维生素含有维生素B1(thiamin)，烟酸(nicotinicacid)及泛酸(pan-tothenicacid)。2.点柄乳牛肝菌：含吲哚-3-乙酸(indol-3-aceticacid)；硒、锌微量元素；氨基酸，谷氨酸，亮氨酸，赖氨酸，鸟氨酸，精氨酸，丙氨酸；维生素B1，烟酸，泛酸。还含水分％，蛋白质2.0％，脂肪0.5％，纤准紊0.7％，灰分0.8％。干燥材料含粗脂肪5.0％，无氮化物59.8％，粗纤维7.4％，灰分7.6％。新鲜者含维生素B2-117.2微克％，C-16.92毫克％，D2-0.255％（干品），麦角甾醇0.25％（干品）。香气成分中含60～80％松茸醇5～10％，异松茸醇即2-辛烯-1-醇15～30％，桂皮酸甲酯。又含抗毒嘧啶，可能是一种含有盐基核的有机酸，此成分也见于米糖、酵母、大豆、苹果、菠菜叶、肝、蛋黄等食物中；对小鼠注射2-甲基-6-氨基-5-羟甲基嘧啶引起的痉挛有拮抗作用。药理作用：抗癌作用本品提取物对S180肉瘤抑制率为80%，对艾氏腹水癌抑制率为70%。曾测定14种天然的和半合成的四苯丙酚(tetraphenylphenol)结构和功能之间的关系，对人鼻咽癌(KB)、白血病(P388)和人支气管肺癌(NSCLC-N6)三种癌细胞有细胞毒作用。
Hotel Continental is a hotel located at Stortingsgaten 24–26, in Oslo, Norway. It situated across the street from the National Theatre. History Hotel Continental and Theatercaféen opened in 1900, right after the opening of the National Theatre. The business was originally owned by the Foss Brewery (Foss Bryggeri), but was run by different tenants who all had to give up. Caroline Boman Hansen (1860–1956) and Christian Boman Hansen (1868–1915) took over the lease in 1909, and within only three years they were able to purchase the establishment. In 1932 and 1961 respectively the hotel and restaurant was expanded, and now occupies a whole block centrally located in the center of Oslo. Through four generations the same family has built and developed the hotel and the restaurants into what the establishment is today. Elisabeth C. Brochmann is the current and fourth generation owner. In 1985 she took over the daily operations from her mother Ellen Brochmann. The Hotel Continental offers 155 individually furnished rooms, many of which are newly renovated. The hotel is a property of international standard and is the only Norwegian member of The Leading Hotels of the World. In addition, the hotel has conference and banqueting facilities with the capacity of up to 300 guests. The restaurant Theatercaféen is part of the establishment. The hotel's gourmet restaurant Eik Annen Etage is run by noted chef Ole Jonny Eikefjord in partnership with investor Petter Stordalen. Hotel Continental has an extensive art collection. In the lobby bar there is a large collection of prints by Edvard Munch. References Other sources Ellen Brochmann (1998) Til bords og til veggs i Theatercafeen (Oslo) Caspar Brochmann (1986) Mors hus, Hotel Continental – en personlig affære gjennom 75 år (Oslo: Grøndahl ) External links Hotel Continental website Theatercaféen website Hotels in Oslo Hotels established in 1900 Hotel buildings completed in 1900 1900 establishments in Norway Hotel Continental, Oslo Art Nouveau hotels
Burrrprint 2 (also stylized as Burrrprint (2) HD) is a mixtape by rapper Gucci Mane. It was released three months after the release of his fourth studio album The State vs. Radric Davis on March 13, 2010. It is the sequel to The Burrprint mixtape released in 2009. Drumma Boy produced all but five songs on the mixtape. These songs were previously recorded before Gucci Mane was sent to jail. However, the introduction to the album was recorded over the phone by Gucci Mane from jail. The album features guest appearances from Shawty Lo, DJ Khaled, Yo Gotti, Nicki Minaj, Rick Ross, Waka Flocka Flame, OJ Da Juiceman, Lil' Kim, Jim Jones, Trey Songz, Ludacris, Rocko, Alley Boy, Wooh Da Kid, and Mylah. Music videos have also been filmed for the songs "911 Emergency", "Boy From the Block", "Everybody Looking" (which has over 10 million views on YouTube), and "Antisocial" featuring Mylah. The mixtape debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 19,000 copies. A song from the mixtape, "Beat It Up" featuring Trey Songz, charted on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Rap Songs charts at numbers 36 and 22, respectively, and appears on the deluxe edition of Gucci Mane's third studio album, The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted. "Atlanta Zoo" featuring Ludacris & "911 Emergency" debuted at #15 and #21 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, respectively. Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 2010 mixtape albums Gucci Mane albums Albums produced by Drumma Boy Albums produced by Shawty Redd Albums produced by Fatboi Warner Records mixtape albums Sequel albums
注射用盐酸头孢替安药物相作用？1 于氨基糖苷类抗生素合用，一般认为有协同作用，但可能加重肾损害，同置于一个容器中给药可影响药物效价。 2 与呋塞米等强利尿药合用可造成肾损害。
上海自来水公司杨树浦水厂，原名英商杨树浦水厂，简称杨树浦水厂，位于中华人民共和国上海市杨浦区杨树浦路830号，是上海市最早建立的自来水厂之一。该水厂始建于清同治十三年（1875年），最早由立德洋行出资修建和维护，但由于未能得到租界工部局的支持而只能用船舶和水车供水。光绪七年（1883年）至光绪九年（1885年），该水厂交割给了给英商上海自来水公司，并于光绪九年重建完成，设有供水线路，同时保留了船舶供水业务。1932年，实行普装水表计量收费。采取按水表分级收费方法，對低用戶採取於成本收費。這措施明顯起到了節約用水的作用。同年，該水廠日供水能力達40萬立方米，水廠占地擴大至25.7萬平方米，成為遠東第一大自来水廠。抗日战争时期，该水厂一度被日军接管，并交由日方经营的华中水电公司管理。抗日战争结束后，该水厂返还给英商上海自来水公司。中华人民共和国成立后，1952年时，该水厂被上海市人民政府接收，并正式改为现名。该水厂占地面积12.9万平方米，配备有进水车间、制水药剂加注间、化验室、各类滤池等设备。2013年，杨树浦水厂被公布为全国重点文物保护单位。 历史 清朝时期 19世纪60年代中后期，上海公共租界工部局开始着手构建供水系统，并于同治九年（1871年）对黄浦江的水质进行了取样检测，并在检测之后由工部局工程师提出了在黄浦江的龙华附近、凤凰山附近或杨树浦港附近其中一处建立取水点的方案。同治十年（1872年），工部局否决了工程师所提出的所有三套方案，原因是这些方案成本均过高。立德洋行于清同治十三年（1875年）创办并经营了一家水厂，其位置位于今天杨树浦水厂的南区，是为杨树浦水厂的前身。该水厂共计占地115亩，建有沉淀池、过滤池等净水设施，总投资白银共计30000两。但是该水厂自建成之后却迟迟得不到租界当局的支持，以至于无法建设输水管道，只能通过用木船将滤过水装运到外滩，再分装到水车向租界内居民售水的方式来运营。此外该水厂还以水船向黄浦江港内船舶供水。如此经营方式造成水价较高，只有少数居民饮用。光绪六年（1880年），立德洋行关停了这家水厂。 1879年，英国在上海的商人麦克利沃特向工部局提出申请，准备组织一个股份公司承建上海自来水系统，随即他在伦敦组建了上海自来水公司筹备委员会，并由该筹备委员会上海委员会具体负责筹建事宜。1880年1月24日，该委员会正式向工部局提出方案，取黄浦江下游水修建水厂，供应租界，得到了工部局同意。11月2日，上海自来水股份有限公司在伦敦成立。清朝光绪七年（1881年）六月，英商上海自来水公司在收购了该水厂的动产部分，并将其命名为英商上海自来水公司水厂，而相关的不动产部分在光绪九年（1883年）七月完成交割，为此英商上海自来水公司共计花费白银18000两。该水厂与光绪七年（1881年）正式开始改建，这次改建由英籍工程师赫德设计，上海耶松船厂等外商承包施工，主要设备及管道材料由英国制造，设计能力为日供水量6818立方米，总耗资为12万英镑，水厂初期占地7.39万平方米，生产流程为潮汐进水，慢滤池过滤，蒸汽唧水机出水，取水点就设在水厂所在的黄浦江下游。该水厂于光绪九年（1883年）五月竣工，并成为了上海市最早使用水泥和混凝土的工业建筑。光绪九年六月二十九日（8月1日），该水厂正式开始供水，两江总督李鸿章出席了开闸仪式。该水厂向当时的公共租界、法租界，以及静安寺以东的越界筑路地区供水，并负担了一部分的市政用水，并于以后以后不断扩大供水区域。水厂刚刚重建完成时，水厂的主要设备有2座总容量约合2.79万立方米的间歇式自然沉淀池，4座慢滤池，1座清水池，3台蒸汽锅炉及1座出水间，而所用到的离心泵当中有不少是蒸汽驱动的。除此之外该水厂还在香港路建造有1座总容量682立方米的水塔。初期供水区域为公共租界、法租界及越界筑路等地区，用水人口约17万人。刚开始供水时，水厂采用蒸汽唧机的柱塞容量和唧机的往复转数来计算出厂水量，后来又改用毕托管或水泵的出厂管上装置文丘里流量计来计量。水厂投入使用的第一年，总出水量达到了55.6万立方米，平均日出水量3698立方米。 此外该水厂还保留了原有的船舶供水业务，该业务由厂长和管理蒸汽机用煤的英国人管理。水厂配备有5艘船舶给水船，每艘水船员工5人，员工轮换工作，以保证24小时供水。船舶可以通过打电话到英商自来水公司给水部要水，或者在船上扯起红底黄十字旗（R旗）表示要求供水。 水厂在刚刚建成时，采用工头招工的方式来招聘长工，工头在其中收取介绍费，长工与企业之间为直接聘用关系。此外，工头们还负责该水厂的短工招聘。水厂每天要招用200名左右的短工。短工每天要在破晓前赶到厂门口排队领工牌，领取到工牌的短工才能安排到接下来一天的工作。工头则会拿着鸡毛帚对着拥挤的人群乱打乱敲，短工们为了领到一块牌有时会被打得头破血流。工头经常不给没有“送礼”的短工发工牌，送礼送得少的短工一周也只能工作4天。短工们为了能领到工牌，不得不凑钱给工头送礼，还要请厂里的长工作担保。短工的雇佣一般每期不超过3个月，工资当天结算，与长工相比要低很多。此外，短工无例假日，更不能享受升工、年奖等待遇。 光绪十三年（1887年）时，该水厂平均日供水量达到了7740立方米，光绪二十二年（1896年）时超过了1万立方米。光绪二十八年（1902年）初，法租界公董局水厂设立，是为董家渡水厂。随后杨树浦水厂对法租界的供水量逐渐减少，并于当年2月1日完全切断供应。光绪三十三年（1907年），新闸路建成了与该水厂相配套的第二座水塔，该水塔总容量865立方米。宣统二年（1910年）时，水厂为了降低运转成本，自己安装了煤气发生器，从而得以自行制造煤气以煤气唧机驱动水泵。由于煤气唧机启动较慢，只是作为水厂内从沉淀池向快滤池送水时使用。宣统三年（1911年），水厂净水设备增加沉淀池和慢滤池，水厂占地扩至14.05万平方米。 中华民国时期 1915年时，杨树浦水厂第一台电动离心水泵投入运行，电动唧机也逐渐取代了蒸汽唧机的主要地位。1921年时，该水厂的主要净水设备慢滤池增至39座，平均日供水量超过了10万立方米。1922年，胶州路建成了该水厂所属1座水库唧站，容量4.7万立方米。当年水厂从美国购入4台快滤缸，作试验性生产。1923年，该水厂成功试验了加注硫酸铝连续沉淀工艺，并从此改用连续沉淀代替间歇沉淀，以美式快滤池逐步代替英式慢滤池。此后10年间，水厂主要净水设施有7座沉淀池，3组快滤池（24格），26座慢滤池，5座清水池。其中在1926年时，水厂内的煤气唧机被逐步替代为柴油唧机；而在1928年时，该水厂由公和洋行设计并建成了3号引擎车间，该车间自此成为水厂的主要建筑。1937年11月，英商杨树浦水厂发文称停止工头招工的方式，改为由水厂直接招工。20世纪30年代末时，该水厂日供水能力达40万立方米，水厂占地扩大至25.7万平方米，成为远东第一大水厂。 抗日战争时期，该水厂的送水船曾经到佘山的一艘搁浅的轮船上送水，这也是1949年之前杨树浦水厂送水船行驶的最远位置。这艘要水的轮船隶属于大来公司，因船上饮用水告罄而向杨树浦水厂求援。1941年，太平洋战争爆发，该水厂被日军接管，并改由日方经营的华中水电公司经营。日伪统治期间，水厂平均日供水量从太平洋战争前的24.46万立方米降至17.43万立方米。抗日战争胜利后，1945年，上海市政府接收水厂，并于1946年5月归还英商经营。1949年，该水厂平均日供水量27.14万立方米，最大日供水量31.46万立方米，生产能力为日供水量41万立方米。此时的水厂主要功能性建筑物有：3座取水构筑物，其中1座为江心式，2座为岸边式；1座一级泵房，泵房内配备4台柴油水泵机组，3台电动水泵机组，每日总取水能力为80万立方米；7座混凝沉淀池（6座为砖结构，1座为混凝土结构），总容积9万立方米；24座慢滤池（砖结构），滤水面积共3.71万平方米；3座快滤池（混凝土结构），滤水面积共3196平方米；1座洗砂水塔，容积728立方米；5座清水池（2座为砖结构，3座为混凝土结构），总容积为1.64万立方米；1整套的加矾、加氢设备及辅助设施；3座二级泵房（砖结构），配备共计12台的各种类型的水泵机组（蒸汽、柴油、电动等），每日总出水能力约64万立方米。 中华人民共和国时期 中华人民共和国成立后，1952年，英商上海自来水公司被上海市人民政府征收，该水厂也正式改名为上海自来水公司杨树浦水厂，简称杨树浦水厂。由于在此之前，上海市的其他各水厂均由各自不同的公司运营，导致上海市的供水能力严重不均衡。对此上海市政府在1952年至1955年期间，将包括杨树浦水厂在内的市内所有水厂用新铺设的供水管网连接起来，解决了供水不均衡的问题。1972年时，杨树浦水厂将原有的一座慢滤池改建成制水能力每天7.23万立方米的低程滤池。1974年起，杨树浦水厂利用慢滤池场地，改建成斜管沉淀池和低程双阀滤池，形成日供水量15万立方米净水生产流水线。1975年，杨树浦水厂新建日进水能力100万立方米的6号岸边式进水口。此外，在1973至1975年期间，该水厂由川沙县建筑公司承建对水厂进行了其他改进，如将2座慢滤池改建为双阀式快滤地，滤水面积共2800平方米；新建10只快滤池，滤水面积共700平方米；将全厂原有二级泵房中的老式蒸汽水泵机组一律改为电动水泵机组，并将电动水泵机组总数增加到20台；新建的岸边式取水工程采用板桩引水渠道，引水至岸边新建的一级泵房吸水井。改扩建工程竣工后，该厂平均净水能力超过120万立方米，二级泵房的总出水能力达到每日180万立方米。 由于黄浦江中下游的污染日益严重，自1984年起，上海市人民政府在黄浦江上游临江段为杨树浦水厂等5个水厂设计并修建了新的取水口，该取水口于1987年正式建成投产。此外，1986年11月起，杨树浦利用厂东区慢滤池场地，建设了1条低程滤池生产流水线，1988年12月竣工，该流水线日供水量可达10万立方米。水厂原有的蒸汽锅炉、蒸汽唧机于20世纪70年代开始陆续淘汰，1983年淘汰最后一台。水厂北部原慢滤池场地则先后辟建其他生产设施和职工住宅，水厂占地相应缩小。1987年黄浦江上游引水工程（一期）建成，杨树浦水厂改用上游原水。 20世纪90年代之后，水厂体制和生产经营进行改革，设唧水和净水生产车间，办修理厂、安装部、服务经营部。1994年11月，水厂投资4800万元人民币改造129号滤池，日供水能力提高5万立方米。1995年水厂有4座进水口，20台进水唧机，8座沉淀池，16台次步唧机，3组普通快滤池（26格），28座低程快滤池，7座清水池（容量为2万立方米），23台出水唧机，14支最大口径为2米的出厂管。1996年时，水厂平均日供水量124.4万立方米，最大日供水量153万立方米。2003年时共有10座絮凝沉淀池，但基础设备已经颇为陈旧。2012年时，该水厂的沉淀池已达11座，另有7座64格快滤池，49台进出水机组。杨浦区土地规划局组织专家对杨树浦水厂的扩建方案展开调研。 2020年5月22日，杨树浦水厂启动深度处理改造工程，预计2024年通水。改造完成后，杨树浦水厂每天将为300万名上海市民提供120万立方米的饮用水，在水质上有较大提升。 结构 杨树浦水厂位于杨树浦路830号，南濒黄浦江，占地12.9万平方米，最大用地曾达25.9万平方米，建筑面积9.3万平方米。整体建筑风格为英国传统的城堡样式，其承重墙用清水砖墙，中间镶嵌有红砖腰线，周围墙身压顶雉堞缺口，压顶及窗框、腰线等全部用水泥粉刷，墙面转折交界处则处理成水泥隅石形状。该水厂以杨树浦路为界可分为南北两区，其中南区为生产区，入大门内为一幢3层的办公大楼，其左右两旁有水库和出水车间，西侧为修理车间，南沿黄浦江有进水车间、制水药剂加注间和化验室，其余为各类滤池；北区东侧有水库、滤池，西侧有保健大楼，其余是仓库和堆场。 相关活动与保护 职工培训 1926年，水厂内为厂内职工开辟了一个小足球场，以迎合当时小橡皮球的流行风潮。1926年，英商上海自来水公司在水厂内创办了杨树浦学校，该学校为供水行业的职业学校，同时也是上海市最早的供水职业学校，该学校的毕业生大多留在了杨树浦水厂。1941年，杨树浦水厂易主，该学校随之停办。1955年公司职工业余学校总校成立，杨树浦水厂内设有分校。1965年起，上海市自来水公司在杨树浦水厂内开办了半工半读给水专业技术训练班，以培养机电检修和水厂运行中级工人，首批招收了33名高中毕业生，学制为3年。1987年，杨树浦水厂成为上海市高校学生实习点。 科学研究 1953年起，杨树浦水厂开始自行生产制造水表零件，并仿制水表和美式真空加氯机。1956年，杨树浦水厂研制成功比光式浊度仪。1968年，比光式浊度仪的相关技术和生产转至上海水表厂。1980至1981年，杨树浦水厂和上海第二光学仪器厂共同研制成功了可连续反映自来水和原水的浊度变化的ZDJ—1型水质浊度计，该浊度计于1982年获得了由上海市公用事业管理局颁发的技术改进二等奖。 环境保护 光绪九年（1883年）水厂刚刚改建完成时，厂内开辟了绿地，这也让杨树浦水厂成为了上海最早进行厂区绿化的单位之一。1982年，上海市杨浦区政协会议组织了对杨树浦水厂的排污问题展开了视察，并在这次视察后作出专题报告，同时给出了相关整改意见。当年，杨浦区环保办公室在杨树浦水厂内设置了首批大气环境质量监测点。 保护工作 1916年，刚成立不久的上海万国商团海事队在杨树浦水厂架设了一挺机枪，用以保护厂区。1989年9月25日，杨树浦水厂被上海市人民政府列入上海市文物保护单位的优秀近代建筑，保护范围为主体建筑周围30米，控制建设地带为全部厂区用地范围。2013年3月5日，杨树浦水厂被国务院公布为第七批全国重点文物保护单位。 注释 参见 水厂 杨树浦 杨树浦发电厂 参考 上海近代建筑 上海公用事业 总部位于上海的中华人民共和国国有企业 杨浦区建筑物 中国工厂
积庆堂位于浙江省金华市兰溪市永昌街道社峰村下宅，又名“思荐堂”、“小宗祠”。据推断，宗祠始建于南宋时期，现存建筑建于明末崇祯年间，清朝康熙、乾隆年间重修。 建筑面东向，平面布局为三间四进两狭弄，左右两侧为两座清代贞节牌坊。积庆堂规模较大，用材规整，雕刻精美，保存完整，是浙江省内重要的明清祠堂建筑之一。曾做为碾米厂使用。2003年，曾对门厅进行部分修缮。2005年3月16日公布为浙江省文物保护单位，2013年5月公布为第七批全国重点文物保护单位。 参考文献 中国吴姓宗祠 明朝宗祠 金华文物保护单位 金华宗祠 兰溪市
Hagi Šein (also, Hagi Shein; born 13 September 1945) is an Estonian journalist, film director, screenwriter, professor, media pedagogue and former figure skater. Šein was born into a Jewish family in Tallinn. In 1973 he graduated cum laude from Tartu State University, majoring in history and sociology. He then completed his postgraduate studies in television journalism and telesociology at the Department of Journalism at Moscow State University. In 2001, he received a master's of science (MSc) degree in journalism from the University of Tartu. In 2007, he completed his doctoral studies in television history and media policy. In 2002, he was elected professor of television media for five years by the Council of Concordia International University Estonia. Šein trained as a figure skater for eleven years and with partner Madli Krispin, won a silver medal in pair skating at the 1962 Estonian Figure Skating Championships. From 1967 until 1997, he worked at Eesti Televisioon (ETV). From 1992 until 1997, as Director General of ETV. From 2000–2012 he was the Member of the Estonian National Broadcasting Council and 2010–2012 the Chairman of the Council. He has been the author of many television series, including Prillitoos (1983-1990), Mõtleme veel (1987-1989). Šein has taught television at Tartu State University (1976–1986). From 1997 to 2003, he worked as the Dean of the Faculty of Media at Concordia International University, then at International University Audentes (2003–2005) and the Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School (BFM) of Tallinn University (Acting Director and Director, 2005–2011).. He is currently a visiting professor of television culture at the Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication Institute of Tallinn University, also the editor-in-chief of the Estonian Film Database (www.efis.ee) and the database of television history and science Telekraat (www.telekraat.ee). He has been for several years also a member (chair from 2019-2022) of the council of the Estonian Film Institute, the council of Tallinnfilm and the council of the Estonian National Archives. As a screenwriter and director, Šein has made 12 documentaries, including Ratastoolitants (1986), Raudrohutee (1985) and Lepatriinutalv (1989). He has also written research on the history of Estonian television, the most important of which include Suur teleraamat (TEA Kirjastus, 2005), Televisioon Eestis 1955–2004 (University of Tartu Publishing House, 2004) and Eesti telemaastik 1991–2001. Uurimused. Diskussioon. Teabekogud (University of Tartu Publishing House, 2002). and Digiajastu teleraamat. Digiaja televisioon Eestis 2000-2020 ( Tallinn, 2021). Hagi Šein is a member of the Social Democratic Party. He has been a member of the leadership of the Estonian People's Front, the president of the Estonian Forum of National Minorities, a member of the Tallinn city council (2001–2004), a representative of the President of the Republic at the roundtable on national minorities, and a member of the Academic Council of the President of the Republic (2002–2007). Acknowldgements Order of the White Star, IV Class (2002) Order of the National Coat of Arms, III Class (2006) 2014 – Annual Award of the Audiovisual Art Endowment Fund of the Estonian Cultural Foundation (mission award for the creation and consistent development of the Estonian film database) 2015 – Order of Merit of Tallinn University 2021 – EFTA (Estonian Film and Television Awards) Lifetime Achievement Award 2022 – National Culture Foundation award for contribution to the development of media and television culture References Living people 1945 births Estonian journalists Estonian film directors Estonian scholars Estonian screenwriters Estonian male pair skaters University of Tartu alumni Academic staff of Tallinn University Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 3rd Class Estonian Jews
The antidepressant drug doxepin has been associated with a number of different adverse effects, including the following. The incidence of these adverse effects is not totally known as the scarcity of well-designed clinical trials involving doxepin prohibits it. Side effects that are common (based on its pharmacology or the frequency of these side effects with related agents) appear with a * superscript whereas the side effects which are serious are in bold. Doxepin is licensed to be used in much smaller doses (viz., 3mg and 6 mg) in some countries, the side-effects profile of which may differ from this list. Nausea* Dizziness* Drowsiness* Dry mouth* Constipation* Blurred vision* Headache* Urinary hesitancy* Agitation* Hypotension (low blood pressure) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Tachycardia (high heart rate) Skin rash Facial oedema Photosensitisation Urticaria (hives) Pruritus (itching) Indigestion Bone fractures Taste disturbances Diarrhoea Anorexia (weight loss) Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) Gynaecomastia (swelling of the breasts in men) Galactorrhoea (lactation that is unassociated with breast feeding or pregnancy) Chills Fatigue Weakness Flushing Alopecia (hair loss) Eosinohpilia Blood dyscrasias (abnormalities in the cellular composition of blood) Increased liver function tests Hyperpyrexia (high fever ≥41.5 °C or 106.7 °F) Seizures Confusion Malaise Increased appetite* Changes in ECG parameters (e.g. QRS & PR interval) Ataxia Hallucinations Paraesthesias Nervousness Numbness Tinnitus Hepatitis (liver swelling) Exacerbation of asthma Hepatic (liver) abnormalities Urinary retention Extrapyramidal symptoms Testicular swelling Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) Hyponatraemia (low blood sodium) Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) Closed-angle glaucoma Alzheimer's disease or dementia* References Doxepin
常山 (植物)是什么?？常山，别称白常山、黄常山、鸡骨常山、狗骨常山、 茗叶常山、南常山、土常山、大常山、恒山、大金刀、鸭屎草、鸡屎草、鸡尿草、鸡骨风、鸡骨黄山、鸡骨木、风骨木、 摆子药、翻天印、黄常见、树盘根、果拜扭、野兰子、一枝兰、一枝蓝、互草、蜀漆、甜茶、 窝逼逼里、过摆留及俄比比尼"'等，为绣球花科常山属植物，种加词 " febrifuga" 意为“解热的，退热的 ”。全株有毒，误服过量可致呕吐、腹泻及头昏等症状。因一位住在常山的和尚发现其医药用途，故而命名为常山。
is a Japanese-Canadian anime television series produced by TMS Entertainment, Dentsu Inc., and Nelvana Limited under the direction of Mitsuo Hashimoto. The story centers on the lives of creatures called Bakugan and the "battle brawlers" who possess them. The Bakugan franchise itself is a joint venture between Sega Toys and Spin Master. Although originally broadcast by TV Tokyo in Japan, follow-up seasons (New Vestroia and Gundalian Invaders) premiered in Canada and the US before Japan. The fourth and final season, Mechtanium Surge, was never broadcast in Japan and instead aired in North American markets. However, a Japan-exclusive manga series, Baku Tech! Bakugan, ran from August 15, 2010, to January 15, 2014. This received an anime adaptation aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2012, to March 30, 2013, followed by a second season called Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi which ran from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013. In 2015, Spin Master revealed plans to relaunch Bakugan. The relaunch was later announced on November 30, 2017, to occur in the first quarter of 2019, with the series title announced as Bakugan: Battle Planet. The new series premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on December 23, 2018, while Canada's Teletoon premiered the series on December 31, 2018. On June 16, 2023, a trailer for another reboot of Bakugan was released on YouTube. The reboot was released on Netflix on September 1, 2023 and will air on Disney XD on September 23, 2023. The first two episodes were previewed on Roblox on August 4, 2023. Plot Season 1 Dan Kuso's life changes one day when strange cards fall out of the sky and he grabs one, which he and his friend Shun use to invent a game they call "Bakugan." With other friends, they formed a group called the "Bakugan Battle Brawlers." They are then accidentally dragged into fighting for the fate of Vestroia (the home dimension of the Bakugans). Vestroia loses its natural balance and merges with the Earth and many other worlds. A rogue Bakugan called "Naga" has been tempted to capture the power of the Infinity and Silent Cores, which together formed the Perfect Core that balanced Vestroia, but Naga has absorbed too much negative energy and thus has been trapped within the Silent Core, destabilizing Vestroia. Naga now seeks the mighty Infinity Core so that he can complete the all-powerful Perfect Core and have absolute control over the Earth and Vestroia. Season 2: New Vestroia Three years have passed by since the Brawlers defeated Naga and bid farewell to the Bakugan. Drago sacrificed his physical body to become the new Perfect Core, uniting the Bakugan's fractured homeworld and forming New Vestroia. However, aliens arrive on New Vestroia, and begin colonizing the Bakugan's home, unaware that the Bakugan are intelligent beings. The Bakugan are returned to their primitive ball forms. Upon the defeat of Tigrerra, the last of the Fighting Bakugan of the Battle Brawlers, Drago is freed from his role as the Core of Vestroia and seeks the help of Dan once again to help save his world. However, he chooses to leave behind the rest of the Battle Brawlers (minus Alice and Shun, who are elsewhere), out of concern for their safety. Despite this, Marucho trails closely behind, leaving Runo and Julie behind. Upon arriving at New Vestroia, Dan and Marucho encounter three Vestals: Mira, Ace and Baron, members of the Bakugan Brawlers Resistance. Along the way, the brawlers reunite with Shun, who also joins the Resistance. While battling against the evil Vexos, Vestal's top brawlers, who also serve the Vestal royal family, the Resistance manage to destroy each of the three Dimension Controllers that keep the Bakugan in their ball form, liberating New Vestroia. The Brawlers return to Earth, with the rest of the resistance returning back home to Vestal. They reassemble six months later when they learn that King Zenoheld of Vestal attacked the Six Ancient Warriors in an attempt to steal their Attribute Energies. The Six Ancient Warriors engaged in a 6-on-1 battle with Zenoheld, but were unable to defeat Zenoheld's Mechanical Bakugan, Farbros. In desperation, the Ancient Warriors give the Resistance Bakugan their attribute energies to protect them from Zenoheld, who reveals the Bakugan Termination System, a machine built to wipe out all Bakugan, but requires the Attribute Energies now held by the Resistance's Bakugan to power it. These energies result in the six Bakugan evolving. After losing half the energies, the Brawlers decided to attack instead, engaging in a temporary alliance with Spectra Phantom, the former leader of the Vexos, along with his sidekick Gus Grav. However, the remaining energies are taken as the result of a trap field, and the Brawlers rush to New Vestroia to evacuate all the Bakugan. Drago, however, refuses to give up, and manages to destroy the BT System by absorbing all 6 Attribute Energies and evolves again into Helix Dragonoid. Things quiet down briefly, until Spectra resurfaces again to battle Dan; upon losing, he concedes that Drago is the strongest Bakugan and joins the Brawlers, returning to his original self, Keith Fermin. Keith reveals that Zenoheld is working on a powerful weapon called the Alternative System and helps construct Battle Gear for Drago. Meanwhile, the Vexos begin crumbling from within as both Volt and Lync revolt, feeling that Zenoheld has crossed the line, but they are quickly disposed of by Prince Hydron. In the final battle, the Brawlers, Spectra, and Gus, manage to destroy the Alternative System, ending Zenoheld once and for all. With the Alternative crisis over, Dan, Shun, and Marucho bid farewell to the Resistance and returned to Earth. Weeks after, the trio were greeted by Ren Krawler, a Darkus Brawler from Gundalia. Season 3: Gundalian Invaders After defeating Zenoheld, the Brawlers return to Earth and with the help of a newcomer Ren, who helps restore Bakugan Interspace. However, Ren is not all that he seems to be and reveals that he is a Gundalian in need of help, claiming that his planet Gundalia, is under attack by Neathia. Shun is not convinced and discovers, that Ren is lying once Princess Fabia showed and proved Ren's story wrong, revealing that Neathia is in attack by Gundalians instead, under the command of Barodius, their tyrannical emperor who wants to harness the power of Sacred Orb, the source of all Bakugan DNA. The Brawlers agree to help Fabia and head to Neathia to help fight off the Gundalians. Meanwhile, Ren begins showing signs of distrust for Barodius and eventually defects to rejoin the Brawlers. Unfortunately, Jake is captured by Kazarina (Gundalia's leading Bakugan scientist) and brainwashed, so the Brawlers head to Gundalia to rescue him along with Ren's imprisoned teammates (who were imprisoned for failure), joined by Nurzak (a former advisor to Barodius, who turned against him when he saw he would lead Gundalia to ruin) and Mason Brown (a teammate who had escaped imprisonment, and who had also sided with Neathia). Once they do, the Twelve Orders mount a final attack on Neathia. The Brawlers rush back in time to defend the planet while Dan and Barodius engage in their final battle. Ren and Mason's teammates Jesse Glenn, Lena Isis and Zenet Surrow are freed from their brainwashed state after Kazarina's demise at the hands of Gill. Linehalt uses his Forbidden Powers to restore the war-torn Neathia, while Barodius and Dharak are destroyed by an overload of vast energy and power from the Sacred Orb (which they tried to take anyway, despite Dan and Drago defeating them), which grants Drago new strength and abilities, allows him to evolve into Titanium Dragonoid and granting him the status of rule over all Bakugan. Season 4: Mechtanium Surge Part 1 The Brawlers' reign as number one in Bakugan Interspace is ended by two new powerful teams: Team Anubias and Team Sellon. To make matters worse, Dan and Drago continuously suffer from visions sent to them by Mag Mel and Razenoid. These cause them to lose fans rapidly when Drago loses control in battle several times, threatening the lives of all the citizens in Interspace. Shun and Marucho find themselves unable to help as Dan is keeping everything to himself. When Dan loses control once again and nearly kills Anubias in battle, all of Dan's fans abandon him and he leaves for New Vestroia to train. Shun, meanwhile, takes the reins of leader of the Battle Brawlers and charges himself with the task of returning the Brawlers to their former glory. He becomes more and more uncaring and brushes off all opinions but his own while Marucho and Shun try to help him be a better leader. Paige and Rafe show up to learn from them, but find them in disarray. Meanwhile, Dan and Drago fix their problem and prepare to come back. Eventually, Dan controls Drago's powers as Marucho and Shun reunite and join up with Paige and Rafe. When the Chaos Bakugan start destroying Interspace, Spectra, who has recently changed his attribute from Pyrus to Darkus, appears out of nowhere to help the Brawlers out and destroys many of the Chaos Bakugan. Afterwards, Dan returns, but is out of sync and accidentally defeats his fellow brawlers with Zenthon. He tells them later about Mag Mel (Spectra left beforehand, disappointed in Dan having changed). Shun walks out and dismisses Taylean's words. Dan later has a vision (which is true) about Gundalia being attacked by Mag Mel (who is now free). Dan arrives and tells them about Gundalia, which Paige confirms unexpectedly. The Brawlers dismiss Dan and don't let him go, but Dan says somewhat angrily that he's not asking; he's telling them that he is an original brawler and isn't gonna be cut from this fight. They let him come along and save Ren's home world. Then they face Mag Mel and discover Interspace being destroyed, so they go back to Earth to save it but they are trapped and must figure a way to save the gate, the key, the battlers and Interspace. Just then, Anubias and Sellon reveal themselves as artificial life forms created by Mag Mel to assure his resurrection and succeeded in taking Dan's Key. In a new battle, Dan finds out that Mag Mel is actually Barodius, who survived his last encounter on Neathia after being transported to the dark reversed dimension created by Code Eve. He later plans to destroy Earth, Gundalia, Neathia, Vestal and New Vestroia by sending every civilization to the dark reversed dimension. Dan and Drago have a final brawl against Mag Mel and Razenoid with Drago evolving one more time into the legendary Fusion Dragonoid. They manage to win, but before "disappearing", Mag Mel says that his final demise will cause another disaster to befall on Dan and Drago. Part 2 A few months later, Bakugan City is shown to have a peaceful start as humans have now communed with the Bakugan from New Vestroia. Not all is well when 4 Mechtogan led by Coredegon, who have broken free from their Bakugan, start terrorizing the place. Not only that, but some new enemy called Wiseman has appeared with ancient Bakugan called the Nonets. At the beginning, The Brawlers get confused because Wiseman somehow had the appearance of Gunz Lazar, the new Haos Brawler who disappeared after the four Mechtogan attacked Bakugan City. But it was later revealed that Wiseman was actually Coredegon in disguise while the real Gunz was put in a coma so his negative energy was absorbed. After Coredegon alongside his pals (in his combined form as a Mechtogan Destroyer) sent the Brawlers to the Doom Dimension, he completely destroyed the Earth and New Vestroia. With Gunz back to his normal state, Dan and the others travel through time in order to stop Mechtavius Destroyer from killing every human and Bakugan. In the final battle, Dragonoid Destroyer, who is Drago's last Mechtogan, acquires an infinite power that comes from the bond between Bakugan and humans all over the world, which gave them a chance to defeat the Nonet Mechtogan and send them back between dimensions. Dan's friends throw him a party, but soon discover Dan is missing. Shun sees Dan and Drago sailing off using a boat borrowed from Kato. Dan says that another adventure is waiting for him and Drago, and that he had enough time in the spotlight, such that he wants to let other Brawlers rise to his rank. Other media Anime series Bakugan Battle Brawlers The first episode of the anime television series (produced by TMS Entertainment, Dentsu Inc., and Japan Vistec under the direction of Mitsuo Hashimoto), made its debut in Japan on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2007, and was rebroadcast six days later on BS Japan. Nelvana Limited produced the English-language version and premiered the series on the Canadian network Teletoon in July 2007 and then on Cartoon Network on February 24, 2008. An alternative English dub produced by Odex with all the character names kept in Japanese premiered on Cartoon Network Singapore. The series currently reruns on Kabillion. New Vestroia In March 2009, TMS and Nelvana Entertainment companies announced that a follow-up series, , consisting of 26 episodes was in production. The series began airing on April 12, 2009, on Teletoon in Canada, followed by Cartoon Network in the U.S on May 9, 2009. Due to the ratings in Canada, New Vestroia was extended with an additional 26 episode order. The Cartoon Network website aired a special called Maxus Unleashed, and marks a synopsis about the first 26 episodes. New Vestroia was broadcast in Japan on TV Tokyo from March 2, 2010, at 7:00PM. The opening song, titled "Cho! Saikyo! Warriors", is once again performed by Psychic Lover. The first ending was "Bang! Bang! Bakugan!" by Yoshifumi Ushima, while the second ending was "Communication Breakdown" by Crush Tears. Gundalian Invaders Publicly announced through Bakugan.com, the official My.Bakugan.com community, and other media, Spin Master announced a third series, titled . It premiered in Canada on May 23, 2010, and aired in the United States on May 29, 2010. The Japanese version premiered on April 3, 2011, and ended on January 22, 2012, before being replaced by the Japanese dub of Zoobles! in its initial timeslot. The new series ties into the online game Bakugan Dimensions through the use of special heat-reveal DNA codes on the new series of Gundalian Invaders Bakugan. The first opening song "Ready Go!" is done by Sissy, while the second opening, "Mega・Meta", is done by Yu Kobayashi, who is Dan's voice actor. The first ending song, "Love the Music", is done by Lisp, while the second, "Tan-Kyu-Shin", is done by KREVA, and the third is "Love Go! Courage Go!", which was performed by TAKUYA. Mechtanium Surge In September 2010, Nelvana Entertainment announced a fourth and final season to the Bakugan series titled , which launched on February 13, 2011, in Canada and in United States on March 5, 2011. It was originally set for 26 episodes but was later extended to 46. While Mechtanium Surge was produced for North American audiences and was never aired in Japan, a localized version aired in Taiwan and Hong Kong, using a modified version of the New Vestroia credit animations and songs. Baku Tech! Bakugan In September 2010, Japanese children's anthology magazine CoroCoro Comic began serializing a Bakugan manga by Shingo Maki titled . The series starred a new cast of characters not related to the anime series. As of August 2011, three volumes have been collected. The anime adaptation of Baku Tech! Bakugan was animated by Shogakukan Music & Digital Entertainment and began aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2012, to March 30, 2013, as a segment on the show Oha Coro. It was followed by a sequel called Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi which aired from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013. Baku Tech! Bakugan Gachi It is the sequel to Baku Tech! Bakugan which aired from April 6, 2013, to December 28, 2013, on TV Tokyo. Bakugan: Battle Planet In late 2018, a reboot of the brand was launched in North America. Games Strategic game A strategic game called Bakugan was developed by Sega Toys and Spin Master and released in conjunction with the anime series, albeit beginning a year before the anime even started (2006). The game uses spherical, spring-loaded miniature figures, representing the Bakugan, which pop open when rolled onto special metal Gate cards. The objective of the game is to capture three Gate cards. Reception Bakugan marbles have been one of the top rated toys for children, winning awards and selling thousands of marbles a year. The original series 1 and 2 (B1 Bakugan) were smaller, and all Bakugan after series 3 called Bakupearl (B2 Bakugan) are larger and the current size. According to IGN, it was one of the leading kids games for the Nintendo DS in 2009. The Toy Industry Association gave Bakugan Battle Brawlers the 2009 Property of the Year award, recognizing the property that has had the greatest success spreading its brand throughout the industry that year. Card game The card game is played with a deck of 56 cards, consisting of 5 each of ranks 1–10, plus six additional cards which have special abilities in addition to a rank. There is no suit distinction. Although it's conceptually a trick-taking game, the player who wins the trick only saves one card on his score pile, discarding the rest; this allows for special cases where there is no single winner. At the beginning of each hand, each player rolls one die to determine the target number of captures. At the end of the hand, that player accumulates a penalty score equal to the difference between the target number and the actual number captured. The game lasts until some player has scored ten points, and the lowest score is the winner. Merchandising and product promotions Toys and electronics In August 2009, Digital Blue announced a line of Bakugan branded electronics for the 20–55 (as confirmed in an interview of popular toys marketed at kids) age group. Products include branded digital cameras, alarm clocks and other electronics. The line was released in retail in Spring 2009. The franchise generated significant revenue from merchandising and toy sales. By 2009, Bakugan had generated in toy sales. In 2010, licensed merchandise sold worldwide. By 2010, the franchise had generated a total of in merchandise sales. Video games On June 6, 2010, Spin Master announced on Bakugan.com that they were working on the online game 'Bakugan Dimensions' which would be released online for all Operating Systems that supported Adobe Flash. It was released for open Beta on June 2, 2010, but the beta was shut down on June 30, 2011, because the season for Gundalian Invaders had finished. The DS, Wii, PlayStation 2 and 3, and Xbox 360 also developed a Bakugan game that follows the story of a player's original character with an attribute of its choice. It acts as an alternate plot to the series. Other In 2009, Frito-Lay introduced a set of 26 Bakugan tazos in packages of Cheetos in India. The promotion, which ran from June 10 to August 10, 2009, included a contest in which consumers could win other Bakugan prizes. Similar products At least since 2016, Spin Master sued Alpha (over Screechers Wild!), Lingdong (over Eonster Hunter) and both Choirock and Mattel (over Turning Mecard), alleging that the rival toys in question breached the Canadian company's patents related to Bakugan toys. Later, Spin Master and Alpha reached a settlement, in which Alpha would stop selling Screechers Wild! toys in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom after January 31, 2019. Spin Master lost a case over Turning Mecard in Mainland China against Choirock in March 2019, but the lawsuits filed against Mattel in Canada, the United States and Mexico are still ongoing as of January 2019. Notes References External links Official website Nelvana's Bakugan website Bakugan 2007 anime television series debuts 2009 anime television series debuts 2010 anime television series debuts 2011 anime television series debuts Japanese children's animated action television series Japanese children's animated adventure television series Japanese children's animated comic science fiction television series Japanese children's animated science fantasy television series Canadian children's animated action television series Canadian children's animated adventure television series Canadian children's animated comic science fiction television series Canadian children's animated science fantasy television series Adventure anime and manga Superhero teams Card games in anime and manga Fantasy anime and manga Fictional sextets Television series by Nelvana TVB TV Tokyo original programming Toonami Animated television series about children Anime and manga about parallel universes Anime television series based on video games Television series about parallel universes TMS Entertainment Teletoon original programming Television shows based on toys
A péniche (or spits in Dutch) is a steel motorised inland waterway barge of up to 350 tonnes' capacity. Péniche barges were built to fit the post-1880s French waterways and the locks of Freycinet gauge. They are visually similar to a Dutch barge, but built to different specifications. Dimensions The critical detail for the péniche is the dimension, a maximum of 38.50m (126 ft) long, 1.60m draft and wide. They were especially designed for the Belgian and French canal locks, and as a result of the wish to maximise space for freight, the barges tend to be flat-sided, with short, rounded bows and sterns. Nowadays the specification is still applied for commercial navigation as Class I in the Classification of European Inland Waterways. History The péniche originated in Belgium, as a wooden vessel for inland navigation. A pointy bow was added and this version was also called a 'pointu' in Wallonia, a 'spits' in Flanders and a 'péniche flamande' in France. When ships came to be built of steel this type became a 'dumb' barge that had to be towed by a towboat. In the 1910s this barge became a motor ship and a popular one at that. In the 1920s about 950 péniches were built in Belgium. In the early 1940s many Belgian péniches were claimed by the Germans to take part in the invasion of Great Britain. To make them seaworthy they were welded together in pairs, side by side. The last spits was built in the Netherlands in 1973. Many former freight péniches have been converted into living, hotel or pleasure craft. Types The Belgian péniche is the standard version, built for the Belgian and French canal locks. Some of them have been lengthened by about 9 m or were originally built at or . These were constructed for transport on the Meuse river, which has larger locks, especially between Verdun and Givet. A French péniche has even less sheer than a Belgian one and a very round stern with the rudder attached to the rear end rather than under the stern. After World War II a great number of them were built in Germany and sent to France as war reparation. The Dutch péniche has a less round stern and a bit more sheer than the Belgian one. A wet péniche has to take on water as ballast when navigating unladen. Especially in the Belgian and French types, the péniche's full stern provides a higher buoyancy and insufficient water around the propeller when empty. Trivia Because it is a displacement barge, a péniche is not a fast vessel. A popular saying among owners is that it will hardly move forward when laden or backwards when empty. Further reading Bernard Le Sueur; Mariniers, Histoire et mémoire de la batellerie artisanale (first volume 2004, second volume 2005) See also Luxe motor Hotel barge References External links Article on use of old Spits barges Hotel barges (introduction to hotel barging in France) Barges
请描述月经性哮喘的诊断方法？前列腺素F2明显增高。用力肺活量：月经性哮喘妇女在月经期PEF下降，但下降可能不严重。清晨PEF可轻度下降，严重发作的月经前哮喘患者，其月经前PEF则可显著下降，且对常规治疗无反应。气道反应性测定对控制良好的哮喘妇女在其月经来潮前、后1周分别进行气道反应性测定，结果气道反应性、FEV1均无显著性差异改变。
尼爾城區（Corredor District），是哥斯達黎加的一個區，位於該國西部蓬塔雷納斯省，面積272.19平方公里，海拔高度46米，2010年人口17,249，人口密度每平方公里63.37人。 參考資料 El otoño del patriarca: Biografía de Ricardo Neily 哥斯達黎加區份
Brian Worth (30 July 1914 – 25 August 1978) was an English actor, known for Scrooge (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1951) and An Inspector Calls (1954). He died on 25 August 1978 aged 64. Educated in Britain and America, he learnt the technical side of commercial advertising films before deciding to turn to acting. During the Second World War he served in the armed forces (1941–1946). He was an officer in the SOE and worked out of Algeria and then Seville, based at the British embassy, escorting agents over the Pyrenees into France, and exfiltrating agents and escaped airmen back to “neutral” Spain. Between 1946 and 1947 he acted on stage. During the first half of the 1950s, Worth had prominent supporting roles in over a dozen films, including playing the progressive teacher Mr Judd in Tom Brown's Schooldays (1951). From 1956, his roles grew smaller, although his later film appearances did include four for noted director Michael Powell as well as a small role in a Bond movie, On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969). He and his Spanish wife Tere ran a popular Spanish restaurant in a basement in Draycott Avenue Chelsea in the 60s and 70s.The family lived in York Mansions Battersea in the 60s and Addison Road, Holland Park in the 70s. Filmography Television He played the part of Peter Corrio in The Saint in the 4th Episode of the 4th Season (1965) The Smart Detective. In The Prisoner TV series (1967-68) episode Many Happy Returns he played an RAF Group Captain. References External links English male film actors English male television actors English male stage actors 1914 births 1978 deaths 20th-century English male actors
葵涌循道中學（，簡稱葵循），是香港葵青區的一間中學，位於葵涌麗瑤邨，於1978年創立。 歷史 葵涌循道中學於1978年創校。在開辦首年，由於校舍僅局部完工，上學期-{只}-能使用其中三層，且-{只}-能半日上課，直至1979年初才改為全日上課。 歷屆行政人員 校監 沈立仁 牧師（1978年-1981年，創校校監） 沈冠堯 牧師（1981年-1988年、1991年-1998年） 楊豪萬 牧師（1988年-1991年） 李鼎新 牧師（1998年-2004年） 吳思源 先生（2004年-2013年） 陳崇一 醫生（2013年-2017年） 梁郇光 先生（2017年-2021年） 林彥民 教授（2021年起，現任校監） 校長 呂立功 先生（1978年 - 1984年，創校校長） 陳姚穗瓊 女士（1984年 - 1994年） 陳嘉麗 女士（1994年 - 2005年） 張天送 先生（2005年 - 2006年，署任校長） 黃兆雄 先生（2006年 - 2016年） 林美儀 女士（2016年起，現任校長，由同系華英中學平調） 訓育及輔導 葵涌循道中學看重學生在學習知識及能力外，亦要在其成長路上的關鍵時刻給予適當輔助，令他們一生受用。學校其中一項特色是採用「全校參與」模式，在各學習範疇滲透價值觀教育，扶助學生成長。 葵涌循道中學在這方面的成果備受肯定，負責的教師團隊曾獲2022-23行政長官卓越教學獎嘉許狀（訓育及輔導(包括升學就業輔導)），為全香港兩所獲這獎項的中學（另一獲這獎勵的學校，為炮台山循道衛理中學）。 語文政策 葵涌循道中學以中文為主要授課語言，亦同時十分著重培育學生的英語能力，致力在校園營造理想的英語語境，以提升學生學習英語的信心。 學校於初中數學、生活與社會、電腦、科學、基礎商業、地理、歷史、物理、化學及生物等科目推行「英語延展教學活動」，以增加學生學習英語的機會和層面。此外，葵涌循道中學亦採用「綜合模式」以推動一系列相關的教學活動，包括： 　有系統及有策略地調撥部分課節，以英語重溫以中文教授的概念和內容； 　以英語教授個別單元或專題；及 　因應學習材料的性質以英語授課。 刊物 葵涌循道中學有自行出版的刊物。 學生報 學生會除幹事會外，還附設編輯委員會，自2015至2016學年起，每屆葵循學生會編委會皆定期出版葵循學生報，而每份學生報是單一的雙面A5紙。 四社 路加社 Luke 提摩太社 Timothy 彼得社 Peter 約翰社 John house 傳媒 葵涌循道中學有由學生管理的「葵循學生自主傳媒」，具編採自主及獨立性，主要報導在葵循所發生的新聞。 爭議 老師擅剪學生頭髮侵犯人權 2014年9月1日，開學前已把頭髮剪短的一名葵涌循道中學中三男學生被訓導主任指前額頭髮過長「犯校規」，要求學生盡快剪短。翌日，該名男學生未有剪短頭髮，而訓導主任則要求該名男學生即場以自己方式剪髮，其後訓導主任更言：「未得喎，咁我幫你剪！」，擅自剪掉男生前額一大截頭髮。該名男學生因而情緒低落，情緒大受打擊。家長直斥葵涌循道中學校方侵犯人權。教育局指學校行事需合法及顧及學生自尊。多名人民透過討論區留言指，涉事老師處理手法過分。2日後，該名男學生的家長與校方會面，校方承認處理手法不當，並對事件表示歉意，而涉事訓導老師已向男生道歉。 校方干預學生言論自由 引來學生抗議 2017年11月16日，於第21屆明報校園記者開學禮之合照環節中，葵涌循道中學學生劉康於行政長官林鄭月娥後方，高舉「香港獨立」標語，抗議香港政府不斷打壓獨立運動及言論自由。 事後，葵涌循道中學校方警告劉康，並要求見家長，又表明，若再次於林鄭月娥後方，舉「香港獨立」標語，就會記過。 劉康認為，示威是應有的表達權利，不認為當日抗議港府是有錯，並對校方感到不滿。劉表示，不會怕被打壓而放棄示威權，並計劃於11月24日於葵涌循道中學校外，派發宣傳香港獨立之單張。 11月24日，香港民族陣綫及學生動源於葵涌循道中學外，聲援劉康，並批評校方政治打壓，干預言論自由。同時，校方就以所謂安全理由，超過2小時不讓劉康離開學校。劉康批評，校方做法不合理。而劉康於此日仍有與一些人在學校門口，抗議校方。。 2018年11月28日，劉康發表文章，回顧此事，題為〈面對不義校方就要反抗〉，鼓勵學生「面對不義校方就要反抗」。 著名校友 陳豪，現任無綫電視藝人 張衛健，藝人 羅鈞滿（中七畢業），藝人 李麗珊，前亞洲電視藝人，現任有線電視綜藝節目主持 林日曦（中四肄業）：作家、《100毛》創辦人 尹子龍（2001年中五畢業）：香港電台節目主持 唐詩詠，演員 林尚軒，編輯 樓嘉豪（2012年中六畢業）：演員 劉康（2019年中六畢業）：香港效益主義黨召集人（因港區國安法被香港政府通緝，並流亡外地） 李明彥，亞洲文創行者協會(Next Wave)委員會主席，現為劇場自由工作者 參考資料 外部連結 葵涌循道中學 1978年建立的教育機構 K 荔景 香港基督教循道衛理聯合教會中學
贵阳火车站是贵阳轨道交通1号线的一个车站。2017年12月28日開啟試運營，2018年12月1日通车。 2009年，贵阳轨道交通1号线开始筹建。2010年9月3日《贵州市城市快速轨道交通建设规划》经国务院批准下达批复，并开始起步建设。项目成为2013年度西部开发新开工重点工程，总投资为193.7亿元人民币。贵阳火车站为中间站。 車站週邊 火车站 贵阳站 参考资料 贵阳轨道交通1号线车站
卵巢护理有什么好处？卵巢有什么作用啊？卵巢可以说是女性身体的重要器官了，对于女性来说有着不可或缺的功能。1、卵巢的两大功能、卵巢是妇女最重要的生殖器官，其主要具有两大功能生殖功能和内分泌功能了。卵巢的生殖功能包括卵泡的募集与发育、卵泡的成熟，排卵，黄体的形成和退化。这一过程正常是形成人类生殖所必须的过程，女性的配子成熟卵母细胞的必要基础。卵巢的内分泌功能指其分泌对生殖和机体极其重要的性激素（雌激素、孕激素、雄激素）及多肽激素和生长因子等。卵巢护理有什么好处？卵巢护理和皮肤护理同样的重要。一般做卵巢的美容主要使用国外进口的卵巢保养精油、香熏脐膜、香熏脐贴布等。利用这些药物在人体腹部和肚脐等与卵巢相近的部位进行按摩，促其吸收。其成分主要是玫瑰、依兰、天竺葵、鼠尾草等，能增加女性的魅力，调节睡眠，治疗月经失调、痛经等妇科的疾病。而且女性的月经初潮开始就应该做卵巢护理。尤其是痛经者、白领的女性和即将步入更年期的中年女性。经常做这种保养是可以全方位调节女性的内分泌系统，缓解女性的经前综合征，修复妊娠纹，保持青春的容颜，延缓衰老。卵巢是啥？卵巢是女性盆腔内成对的实质性器官，呈扁圆形，属于女性性腺，分为前后缘、内外侧面、上下端。外侧面贴于盆腔侧面，位于髂内、外动脉起始部之间的夹角处，内侧面朝向子宫。上端借卵巢悬韧带与盆腔壁相连，下端借卵巢固有韧带连于子宫。卵巢除了对女性身体健康有影响外，更大的是对女性心理的影响。
感冒头痛头晕恶心想吐是怎么回事？感冒分为普通感冒和流行性感冒。普通感冒常见的症状就是鼻塞以及打喷嚏和咽痛等，除此之外还有流鼻涕等症状，也会出现头痛的情况，而流行性感冒常见的症状就是畏寒、高热，而且还会有全身不适的症状，比如会出现四肢酸痛以及头晕头痛和乏力等症状。如果感冒以后出现头晕，恶心呕吐的症状的话，不能排除脑炎的可能性。还有感冒以后，经常可以引起消化道不适的症状发生，进而引起恶心呕吐，也可以引起头晕的症状，如果发热比较明显，头晕更加剧烈，有时候还会引起头痛。经过积极治疗感冒的情况，这样的症状会恢复，一般不会留下后遗症。感冒是人们日常生活中特别容易得一种疾病，一不小心可能就会患上感冒，人一旦感冒抵抗力就会变得很低，就会很容易生病，比如腹泻，发烧等并发症，因为感冒多为外感风寒之邪，常伴有头痛，鼻塞，流鼻涕，以及一身关节酸痛，甚至害怕冷，发热等，可用红糖，生姜煮汤喝，预防感冒。感冒基本上一个星期左右就会好转，但是对于免疫力低下的人们来说，感冒的一些症状着实非常的不舒服，而且吃不好，睡不好的，甚至影响了正常的工作、生活。感冒后最好喝大米粥，感冒时多喝热粥，有助于发汗、散热、祛风寒，促进感冒的治愈。同时，感冒后胃口较差，肠胃消化系统不好，喝粥可以促进吸收。另外，喝粥可以起到保护胃黏膜的作用。其实感冒还是可以扛过去的，就是很难受，吃药也只是刺激身体自身的免疫力，吃药只是改善这些不是症状，最终治疗感冒的还是自身的免疫力，多喝水，好好休息，放松心情。
孕妇能吃柚子吗会不会对胎儿有影响？柚子富含多种营养物质，而且还有很高的食疗效益。柚子的品种很多，包括强德勒红心柚、沙田柚、文旦柚、琯溪蜜柚、暹罗柚、江坝柚和坪山柚等，其中文旦柚、坪山柚、沙田柚、暹罗柚被称为我国四大名柚。柚子是一种维生素c含量特别高的水果，这种维生素被人体吸收以后，可以抑制黑色素生成，也能让人们皮肤表层的色斑淡化，平时经常食用不但能淡化色斑美白肌肤，还能滋养肌肤减少皱纹生成。吃柚子虽然对人体有多种好处，但它的坏处也很明显，这种水果性质寒凉，人们过量食用会诱发腹泻，而且会导致肠胃中水分过多会让腹胀与消化不良症状高发，严重时还会对肠胃形成刺激，造成胃肠功效紊乱，促使肠胃炎与与腹痛症状高发。怀孕期间的孕妇能吃柚子，但不能太贪，柚子一天只能吃1/4个。因为柚子影响解毒，孕妇食柚量过多，会影响肝脏解毒，使肝脏受到损伤，而且还会引起其他不良反应，甚至发生中毒。孕妇感冒时，可以食用柚子来治感冒、缓解咽喉疼痛，避免感冒药物的服用影响胎儿健康。总体来说吃柚子对孕妇的影响不是很大，但是也不能吃太多，也就是说适当的吃一些。并且最好是在孕晚期再吃，孕前期和孕中期应该要补充其他的营养物质。在日常的生活中，应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，不要吃辛辣刺激和油腻的食物，还要多喝水，并且适当的进行运动。最重要的就是应该好好休息。并且在怀孕的前期应该注意好好休息，中晚期才能进行适当的运动。
同羽复叶耳蕨（学名：）为鳞毛蕨科复叶耳蕨属下的一个种。 参考文献 T
The 1921 Paris–Roubaix was the 22nd edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 27 March 1921 and stretched from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Henri Pélissier from France. Results References Paris–Roubaix Paris–Roubaix Paris–Roubaix Paris–Roubaix
脑中风的前期症状？脑中风是由脑部血液循环障碍，导致以局部神经功能缺失为特征的一组疾病。包括颅内和颅外动脉、静脉及静脉窦的疾病，但以动脉疾病为多见。脑中风的前期症状：1、出现嗜睡。普通人应注意嗜睡表现，尤其是中老年人出现嗜睡状态，即整日昏昏欲睡。2、说话不利索。突然出现吐字不清、说话无法正常表达本意、讲话变得不灵活。3、短暂意识丧失。个人突然出现智力障碍、短时间意识丧失、精神异常等症状。4、不明原因跌倒。毫无征兆的跌倒、昏倒等，生活中又找不到病因。5、频繁鼻出血。偶尔上火鼻出血不同，如果频繁发生鼻出血，有可能是脑中风。6、恶心呕吐伴头晕。消化道疾病主要症状为呕吐、恶心，观察患者还伴有头晕、耳鸣、视物不清楚甚至失明。7、头痛。平时不会头痛，突然出现头痛症状逐渐加重；或者平时为间歇性头痛，突然改变为持续头痛。8、肢体一侧不自主抽动。某一侧肢体出现不自主的抽动，或活动不灵活、无力，时而发作时而正常。9、肢体麻木。身体一侧上下肢发麻，突然感觉到一侧面部或者手脚麻木，伴有唇麻、舌麻。10、头晕。头晕可能是脑中风发作前表现，不但多发老年人，中年人也常见突发眩晕后，到医院确诊为脑中风。脑中风是可以提前预防的，预防脑中风的方法主要有这几个方面：1、在平时，我们要重视保护自身的健康，远离一切会引发脑中风的不良因素。主要的预防措施是在冬天保暖、预防便秘、接受诊疗。2、在日常大家要保持生活规律，通过保持健康的生活方式提高体质，增强抗病能力，让自己远离脑中风的威胁。还包括均衡饮食。3、此外，大家还要经常警惕脑中风的发病，做到早发现早治疗，这也是不可缺少的预防措施。脑中风的前兆，例如：突如其来的肢体虚弱或麻木、语言或运用文字有困难、剧烈头痛、失去平衡、眩晕或视力出现问题。当发觉这些异状时，必须立即就诊。
『知道并解决!SKE网络』（）于2010年4月5日在綜合頻道开始播出。 概要 以生態、日常消费、健康、防犯、防災等为主题，由3名SKE48的成員解說及介紹。 出演者 SKE48 播放内容 備註 外部連結 知って解決!SKEっとネット 2010年日本電視節目
头顿机场（）是一个位于越南南部巴地头顿省的军民合用机场，主要服务军用。该机场最初是完全军用机场，到上个世纪九十年代中期才开始服务民用该机场距市区仅2公里，距胡志明市121公里，距河内市1778公里。。跑道及起降飞机：该机场有一条跑道，长1000米。主要起降飞机为塞斯纳、里尔喷射机、直升机、安2飞机、私人飞机和苏霍伊、米格、图等战斗机。 註釋 越南機場 巴地頭頓省
克氏平鮋，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目鮋亞目平鮋科的其中一種，為亞熱帶海水魚，分布於東北太平洋白令海至美國加州Santa Catalina島海域，棲息深度25-600公尺，體長可達58公分，棲息在軟底質底層水域，卵胎生，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚及遊釣魚。 参考文献 K K K
The following are the national records in track cycling in Argentina maintained by the Unión Ciclista de la Republica Argentina. Men Women References Argentine Cycle racing in Argentina Track cycling track cycling
汪舰，男，汉族，中共预备党员，现任清华大学药学院教授、博士生导师。 生平 1997年毕业于安徽师范大学获学士学位，毕业后进入中科院感光化学研究所从事研究工作。2003年在美国德州大学达拉斯分校获硕士学位，2007年在美国新墨西哥大学获博士学位。2007年至2009年，在美国斯克里普斯研究所从事博士后研究。2009年至2012年，在新加坡国立大学化学系任助理教授。2012年回国全职加入清华大学，现任清华大学药学院长聘教授、博士生导师。 主要从事药学、合成化学、生物学信息综合指导下的疾病探索和药物研发的研究工作，在Science，Nature Communications等国际期刊发表论文100余篇。研究成果曾获湖北省自然科学二等奖。先后入选中组部国家青年千人计划、科技部中青年创新科技人才、国家万人计划领军人才等国家级人才专项。 参考文献 Jian 清華大學教授 安徽师范大学校友 德克薩斯大學達拉斯分校校友 新墨西哥大学校友 新加坡国立大学教师
昌九高速铁路，即京港高速铁路九江至南昌段，是一條连接江西省南昌市和九江市的高速铁路，是《中长期铁路网规划》（2016年版）中“八纵八横”高速铁路主通道之一“京港（台）通道”的重要组成部分。全线设有5个车站。 历史 2019年10月23日，新建铁路九江至南昌客运专线环境影响评价第一次公示。12月24日，昌九高速铁路建设动员大会在南昌举行。 2020年8月25日，江西省交通运输厅关于昌九客运专线工程修河特大桥跨修河、杨柳津河、共青特大桥跨博阳河航道通航条件影响评价给出审核意见。 2021年2月19日，中国国家铁路集团和江西省人民政府联合批复了昌九高铁可行性研究报告。8月11日，环境影响评价第二次公示。9月18日，环境影响评价全文公示。10月22日，江西省生态环境厅批复昌九客运专线环境影响报告书。 2022年4月，新建京港高速铁路九江至南昌段以及庐山南站、共青城东站站房及相关工程初步设计获中国国铁集团和江西省人民政府联合批复。9月16日，昌九高铁首个工点进地开工，工程开工建设。11月21日，昌九高铁开工建设动员大会在南昌举行，工程全面开工建设。 2023年5月26日，昌九高铁首座隧道贯通。 车站及接驳路线 ! width=80 | 车站名称 ! width=70 | 英文名称 ! width=160 colspan=2 | 所在区域 ! width=130 | 启用日期 ! width=150 | 接驳路线 ! width=280 | 接驳车站 |- | colspan=7 align="center" style="background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;" |昌九客運專線 |- align="center" ! 何家村線路所 | Hejiacun | rowspan=3 | 南昌市 | 南昌县 | | align=left | | align=left | |- align="center" ! 南昌东 | Nanchangdong | 青山湖区 | rowspan=4 | 規劃中 | align=left | 昌景黄線 |- align="center" ! 昌北机场 | Changbei Airport | 新建区 | align=left | | align=left | |- align="center" ! 共青城东 | Gongqingchengdong | rowspan=3 | 九江市 | 共青城市 | align=left | | align=left | |- align="center" ! 庐山南 | Lushannan | rowspan=2 | 庐山市 | align=left | | align=left | |- align="center" ! 庐山 | Lushan | 1910年 | align=left | 京九線 武九線 昌九城際鐵路 武九客运专线 合安九客运专线 | align=left | 参考资料 江西省内铁路线 南昌交通 九江交通 中国高速铁路线 京港高速铁路
Eolomea is a 1972 science fiction film directed by Herrmann Zschoche, based on the book of the same name by Angel Wagenstein. The film was an East German/Soviet/Bulgarian coproduction. Story Eight spaceships disappear and radio contact to the enormous space station "Margot" is broken off. Professor Maria Scholl and the high council decree a flight ban for all other spaceships. Nevertheless, one ship succeeds in leaving earth. The cause of all these strange events is the mysterious signals in Morse code coming to earth from the constellation Cygnus. Deciphered, they say the word "Eolomea," which seems to refer to a planet. With Captain Daniel Lagny, an unmotivated eccentric, Maria Scholl undertakes the risky journey to the space station "Margot" to uncover the secret, only to discover that a secretly planned expedition of stolen spaceships is leaving for Eolomea against the will of the government. Cast Cox Habbema: Prof. Maria Scholl Ivan Andonov: Daniel Lagny Rolf Hoppe: Prof. Oli Tal Vsevolod Sanayev: Kun, the pilot Peter Slabakov: Pierre Brodski Wolfgang Greese: Chairman Holger Mahlich: Navigator Benjamin Besson: Capt. Sima Kun Evelyn Opoczynski: colleague of Scholl Heidemarie Schneider: colleague of Sima Kun Editions The original, uncut version of the film was rereleased by the DEFA Film Library at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2005. References Bibliography Fritzsche, Sonja. "A Natural and Artificial Homeland: East German Science-Fiction Film Responds to Kubrick and Tarkovsky." Film & History (03603695) 40.2 (2010): 80-101. Kruschel, Karsten: "Leim für die Venus. Der Science-Fiction-Film in der DDR." Das Science Fiction Jahr 2007 ed. Sascha Mamczak and Wolfgang Jeschke. Heyne Verlag, 2007: 803–888. . Lessard, John. "Iron Curtain Auteurs." Cineaste 34.3 (2009): 5-11. Stott, Rosemary. "Continuity and Change in GDR Cinema Programming Policy 1979–1989: the Case of the American Science Fiction Import." German Life & Letters 55.1 (2002): 91. External links 1972 films 1970s science fiction films German science fiction films Soviet science fiction films East German films 1970s German-language films Bulgarian science fiction films 1970s German films
Mirror Dance is a Hugo- and Locus-award-winning science fiction novel by Lois McMaster Bujold. Part of the Vorkosigan Saga, it was first published by Baen Books in March 1994, and is included in the 2002 omnibus Miles Errant. Plot summary Mark, Miles Vorkosigan's clone, masquerades as him and dupes his mercenary force, the Dendarii, into undertaking a mission to free about 50 clones on Jackson's Whole, an anything-goes freebooters' planet where Mark was created and raised. These teenage clones are scheduled to have their brains replaced by those of their wealthy, aged progenitors. When Miles finds out, he attempts to rescue his troops and his brother from the mess Mark has made, but is killed by a needle grenade. He is frozen in a cryonic chamber on the spot, but the medic in charge becomes separated from the rest of the men while retreating under fire. The medic uses an automated shipping system to send the chamber to safety, but is killed before he can tell anyone what he did and where he sent it. The Dendarii flee the debacle and take Mark to Miles' parents on Barrayar. Cordelia accepts him as another son and has him acknowledged legally as a member of the family. After a while, Mark becomes frustrated by Barrayaran Imperial Security's lack of progress; he is convinced that Miles is still on Jackson's Whole, and decides to go there himself. Cordelia helps by buying him a starship. He invites some of the Dendarii along, including Captain Quinn, Miles' second-in-command and lover. Meanwhile, Miles has been secretly received and resuscitated by the Duronas, a research group cloned from a medical genius and employed by Jackson's Whole magnate Baron Fell. They hope they have Miles (rather than Mark) under their care, but he is suffering from normal, hopefully temporary, post-revival amnesia, so they are unsure. The Duronas wish to hire the Dendarii, who are known for pulling off difficult extractions, to help them escape from Jackson's Whole. Miles' memory takes some time to return. Mark finds Miles, but is captured by Miles' old nemesis, Baron Ryoval, and tortured for five days. His personality fragments into four sub-personalities: Gorge the glutton, Grunt the sex pervert, Howl the masochist, and Killer the assassin. Together, the first three protect Mark's fragile persona, while Killer bides his time. When Ryoval's assistant informs him that Mark seems to have adjusted remarkably quickly and is actually enjoying the torture, a frustrated Ryoval decides to study his victim alone. Killer takes the opportunity to kill Ryoval, enabling Mark to escape. Mark sells Ryoval's security access codes to Baron Fell for a large sum of money and the Durona Group's freedom. Miles' short death and revivification have serious repercussions for his health. Mark has his own problems, thanks to his strange upbringing, complicated by the torture. When he asks his mother for help, she sends him to Beta Colony for psychiatric treatment and therapy. By necessity, this novel is told from the viewpoints of Miles and Mark. This was the first novel in the Vorkosigan series to be written this way, though not the first time Bujold has employed this style; the first occasion was in Falling Free. Awards Mirror Dance won both the Hugo Award for Best Novel and the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel in 1995. References 1994 American novels 1994 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Hugo Award for Best Novel-winning works Novels by Lois McMaster Bujold Vorkosigan Saga Fiction about suspended animation
舟瓣芹（学名：）为伞形科舟瓣芹属的植物，是中国的特有植物。分布于中国大陆的西藏、云南、四川、青海等地，生长于海拔4,600米的地区，多生长于沙地上以及山坡石缝中，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。 异名 Sinolimprichtia alpina Wolff var. dissecta Shan et S. L. Liou 参考文献 舟瓣芹
羊癫疯的初期症状？羊癫疯(别名：癫痫英文：Epilepsy)是由多种原因引起的慢性脑功能障碍临床综合征，是大脑神经细胞群反复超同步放电所引起的发作性、突然性、反复性、短暂性脑神经系统功能紊乱。根据大脑异常放电的部位和扩散的范围不同，其临床发作表现症状各异，在发作间歇期，患者一切正常。它随着年龄的增长而逐渐加重，但长期服用抗癫痫药物，治疗效果会逐渐降低。羊癫疯就是癫痫，它的表现形式各种各样，有全身发作性的，还有局限性的，各个表现都不一样。全身发作性的表现为：头后仰、眼睛上翻、口唇紫绀、青紫吐白沫、四肢强直或者一抽一抽的。部分性的发作表现为：失神发作、失张力发作就是人站的好好的突然就倒下去。由于大脑神经元细胞群复方超同步异常放电所致的复方性、发作性、短暂性中枢神经系统功能失常为特性脑部疾病，临床上常见的症状：突然失去意识、四肢抽搐、口吐白沫、双眼上翻，诊断癫痫两个基本特征反复性和发作性缺一不可，癫痫常见病因如：先天性脑部发育不全，高热惊厥，惊吓，脑外伤，脑炎，脑颅感染等等。羊癫疯的治疗是个漫长的过程，患者一定要有足够的耐心。目前我国主要采取服用羊癫疯药物为主要治疗手段，经过药物治疗，大部分患者的病情都可以得到有效操控。部分难治性羊癫疯患者则需要采取手术治疗、生酮饮食疗法、神经调控技术等治疗方法。药物对患者有一定的副作用，而手术治疗也有一定的风险，所以患者在选择治疗方法时切莫病急乱投医。羊癫疯是一种慢性疾病，可迁延数年、甚至数十年之久，可使患者产生耻辱和悲观心理，严重影响患者的身心发育，这就要求社会各界对羊癫疯患者给予理解和支持。另外，进行产前诊断或新生儿期过筛检查，以决定终止妊娠或早期进行治疗，防止分娩意外；去除或减轻引起羊癫疯原发病，这些都都做到位对预防羊癫疯的反复发作有着十分重要的意义。
怀孕皮疹怎么治疗？要治疗孕妇的皮疹，我们应该尽量避免外部和局部刺激，不要抓，不要擦，不要热肥皂洗热，不要喝酒，不要喝浓茶，咖啡。不要吃酸，辣或其他刺激性食物，湿疹发作期间，忌吃黄花鱼，虾，海鲜等易引起过敏的食物，用药时一定要注意，在医生的指导下选择和使用。孕妇起皮疹怎么办对于有皮疹的孕妇，有针对性的中成药治疗，孕妇，婴幼儿均可使用，坚持使用1-2个月，以达到完全康复。孕妇湿疹是一种皮肤炎症反应，具有多形性皮肤病变和渗出倾向，由多种复杂的内外因素引起，这种疾病的病因很复杂，很难确定。孕妇起皮疹的原因妊娠瘙痒症可表现为阵发性和持续性，常在白天工作压力，或其他事物的精神注意，瘙痒轻或不发痒，直到深夜人们想要安静地睡觉，瘙痒往往是严重的，而且越多严重的，很难入睡。患有瘙痒症的孕妇皮肤上有粟粒疹，没有皮疹。因为这种皮肤瘙痒症在怀孕期间是一种特殊症状，所以它也被称为妊娠瘙痒症(pruritusgravidarum)或妊娠瘙痒症(pruritusgravidarum)。孕妇起皮疹可能与孕妇血液中高水平的雌激素有关。孕妇起皮疹的原因与胆汁淤积有关。由于胆囊排空时间延长，胆囊肿胀和孕妇紧张度下降，导致胆汁淤积，胆汁酸和胆盐含量增加，导致皮肤瘙痒和皮疹。上面就是对怀孕皮疹怎么治疗方法做出的全部介绍、，女人一定要爱护自己的皮肤，因为这真的是我们年轻的资本。其实怀孕后皮肤不好的真的不一定就是生儿子的表现，也很有可能是孕激素在其中作祟。
图氏狭口螺（学名：）为狭口螺科狭口螺属的动物，是中国的特有物种。分布于台湾岛以及中国大陆的湖南、广东等地，多栖息于淡水、咸淡水水域的池塘、稻田、沟渠以及小溪。 参考文献 T
圣伊莱尔堡（，；）是法国克勒兹省的一个市镇，位于该省中部偏西南，属于盖雷区。 地理 （）面积，位于法国新阿基坦大区克勒兹省，该省份为法国中部省份，位于法國中央高原西北部，北起安德尔省和谢尔省，西接维埃纳省，南至科雷兹省，东临多姆山省，东北与阿列省接壤。 与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。 的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。 行政 的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。 政治 所属的省级选区为。 人口 于时的人口数量为人。 参见 克勒兹省市镇列表 参考文献 S
龙泉酒是辽宁瓦房店出产的一系列白酒 、黄酒、和果酒，源于1959年成立的大连龙泉酒厂，其产品为龙泉牌山枣蜜酒、黄酒、白酒、起泡酒四大类。所产白酒为龙泉白酒，黄酒为龙泉黄酒。2015年因其所产龙泉野生山枣蜜酒被测出含铅量超标，其白酒和黄酒也遭连累，销量一度下滑。2017年9月因再次发生质量问题，公司从代理商召回野生山枣蜜酒，但次年同款野生山枣蜜酒又被测出含铅量超标。龙泉白酒和黄酒虽未有任何不合格，但被接二连三发生质量问题的同厂产品所拖累，销售量已不及从前。 参考文献 酿造酒 中國酒 白酒 黄酒
斯乔潘采沃农村居民点（）是俄罗斯联邦弗拉基米尔州维亚兹尼基区所属的一个农村居民点。其下辖有24个居民点，行政中心为斯乔潘采沃。据2016年统计，该农村居民点的人口为3507人。 参考文献 弗拉基米尔州农村居民点
Karl Proske (11 February 1794, Gröbnig (Upper Silesia) – 20 December 1861), was a German Catholic cleric, also known as Carolus Proske and Carl Proske. In his youth, Proske was a medical doctor, and worked for the Prussian military during the 1813-15 engagement. In 1821 he entered the seminary, and was ordained in Regensburg on April 11, 1826. The following year, he was made a vicar choral of Regensburg Cathedral. Proske was never to leave this post at Regensburg, and, in addition to his duties as a cleric, devoted all his energies and spent his entire private income on the restoration of what he called "vere musica ecclesiae," the "true music of the Church." This he considered to be the ancient Gregorian chant and especially the polyphonic works of the Renaissance masters (such as Palestrina, Nanini, Marenzio, Lassus, etc.). He searched all throughout Germany and Italy, making many trips to Rome, in order to collect ancient manuscripts for his library, which grew to contain thousands of samples (Karl Weinmann, a late 19th-century music researcher, claimed there were over 30,000 pages of manuscripts before Proske died). Proske was a pioneer in the field, and the fact that his editions reflected only the German, Flemish, and Italian repertoires - excluding Spaniards for the most part, though he did include Victoria - does not diminish his amazing contributions to Sacred music. In 1830 he was made Canon and Kapellmeister of Regensburg cathedral. Despite these new duties, Proske continued to spend hours transcribing and arranging ancient polyphony, and rounded up the greatest singers in his city in order to have them sight-sing his newly copied manuscript to check for part-writing errors. In 1853 Proske initiated the publication of his invaluable "Musica Divina", the fourth volume of which appeared in 1862 (finished by such prominent students as Franz Xaver Haberl). This was followed by a "Selectus Novus Missarum", in two volumes (1857–61). External links Carl Proske (1794-1861) Proske's Musica Divina Catholic Encyclopedia article 1794 births 1861 deaths 19th-century German Roman Catholic priests 19th-century German musicologists Prussian Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars People from the Province of Silesia People from Głubczyce County
肝硬化失代偿期饮食注意些什么？肝硬化失代偿期，也就是平常所说的肝硬化的晚期。它和代偿期的区别主要是在这个时期出现了腹水，出现了消化道出血和肝功能失代偿的其他症状，包括腹腔感染、肝性脑病、肝衰竭等等。如果出现了这些症状，通过积极的治疗，包括治疗原发病、保护肝细胞、促进肝细胞再生、抗感染、抗肝性脑病、止血、降门脉压等治疗。肝功能相关指标能够逐渐好转，病情在短时间不再反复，暂时对生命是没有什么威胁的。如果肝功能持续恶化，肝细胞仍然再继续破坏，肝衰竭加重，再次出现消化道出血、腹腔感染、肝性脑病等失代偿期的相关症状，生存期将大大缩短，也可因为消化道出血而短时间丧命。肝硬化是一种很严重的肝病，实际上是多种肝病的终末期表现。肝硬化晚期是失代偿期，肝硬化失代偿期主要是两大类引起的并发症，是肝功能减退及门脉高压症的表现。在临床上会发现病人有乏力、消瘦、面色晦暗、尿少、下肢水肿等等。有些病人会出现明显腹胀、面黄，在查体的时候，会发现病人有蜘蛛痣、肝掌。另外，还会发现有男性病人乳房发育，女性病人月经失调，包括患者色素沉着等等。在做影像检查的时候，可以发现病人有腹水，在CT、磁共振、B超等等，肝脏都有特征性改变。门脉高压出现以后，最常见的并发症容易出现消化道大出血，临床上主要表现呕血和黑便。所以肝硬化失代偿期的并发症比较多见，包括略微少一点的肝肾综合征、肝性昏迷、肝源性糖尿病，这些都可以出现，最终肝硬化发展后果还可以造成肝癌。肝硬化失代偿期的饮食，需要注意控制高蛋白饮食，因为大量蛋白质进入人体会加重患者的病情。主食可以选择面条、软饭、小米粥、馒头等易消化的饮食。多吃新鲜的水果蔬菜，有苹果、葡萄、橙子、菠菜、青菜等，可以补充维生素C。适量的饮用牛奶和酸奶。第五点，饮食以低盐、低脂为主。
Senator Novstrup may refer to: Al Novstrup (born 1954), South Dakota State Senate David Novstrup (born 1983), South Dakota State Senate
克霉唑溶液的用法用量？注意：同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。 ?皮肤感染：涂于洗净患处，一日2～3次。 外阴阴道炎：涂于洗净患处，每晚1次，连续7日。
翁嘎曲德寺，又称“翁嘎寺”，位于西藏自治区日喀则市定日县协格尔镇翁嘎村，是一座藏传佛教寺院。 简介 翁嘎曲德寺是位于西藏自治区日喀则市定日县协格尔镇翁嘎村的一座藏传佛教寺院。 在定日县的地图上，该寺位于协格尔镇西北方向，奶桑村西北，恰布村东偏南。 参考文献 日喀则佛寺 定日县
有甲状腺结节吃什么盐好？甲状腺结节是指在甲状腺内的肿块，可随吞咽动作随甲状腺而上下移动，是临床常见的病症，可由多种病因引起。临床上有多种甲状腺疾病，如甲状腺退行性变、炎症、自身免疫以及新生物等都可以表现为结节。甲状腺结节可以单发，也可以多发，多发结节比单发结节的发病率高，但单发结节甲状腺癌的发生率较高。甲状腺结节是怎么引起的？1.增生性结节性甲状腺肿：碘摄入量过高或过低、食用致甲状腺肿的物质、服用致甲状腺肿药物或甲状腺激素合成酶缺陷等。2.肿瘤性结节：甲状腺良性肿瘤、甲状腺乳头状瘤、滤泡细胞癌、甲状腺髓样癌、未分化癌、淋巴癌等甲状腺滤泡细胞和非滤泡细胞恶性肿瘤以及转移癌。3.囊肿：结节性甲状腺肿、腺瘤退行性变和陈旧性出血斑囊性变、甲状腺癌囊性变、先天的甲状舌骨囊肿和第四鳃裂残余导致的囊肿。4.炎症性结节：急性化脓性甲状腺炎、亚急性化脓性甲状腺炎、慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎均可以结节形式出现。极少数情况下甲状腺结节为结核或梅毒所致。甲状腺结节的治疗方法有哪些？1.实质性单结节：核素扫描为热结节的甲状腺单发结节，癌变可能性较小，可先试用甲状腺素抑制治疗或核素治疗。冷结节多需手术治疗。凡发展快、质地硬的单发结节，或伴有颈部淋巴结肿大者或儿童的单发结节，因恶性可能大，应早日手术。2.多结节甲状腺肿(MNG)：传统认为MNG发生癌的机会要比单发结节少。而用高分辨率的超声检查发现许多扪诊为单发结节者实际上是多发结节，现在认为两者之间癌的发生率没有多少差别。因此，对于MNG的处理首先要排除恶性。若sTSH降低提示为甲亢。若FNA细胞学诊断为恶性或可疑恶性者，应予手术治疗。忌碘食物和药物：碘是合成甲状腺激素的原料，甲状腺内有大量碘剂存在，甲状腺激素加速合成，因而碘可诱发甲亢，可使甲亢症状加剧，所以应忌用含碘的食物和含碘的药物。对各种含碘的造影剂也应慎用。
In July 2013, much of southwest China experienced heavy rainfall that led to widespread flooding. Sichuan was the hardest hit. At least 73 people were killed as a result of the flooding, with 180 people missing. An estimated 6 million lives were disrupted by the floods. Floods and damage Starting during the weekend of 6–7 July 2013, from 8 am Thursday to 8 am Friday, China experienced heavy rainfall affecting 20 provinces and causing disruption for roughly 6 million people. The southwest was the hardest hit, experiencing what was described as the heaviest rainfall in 50 years. In Dujiangyan, Sichuan of rain fell from 8–9 July, the heaviest rainfall since records began in 1954. The rainfall led to widespread coding that destroyed bridges and houses, as well as a memorial for victims of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The rain also triggered multiple landslides that buried dozens of people. Mountainous regions of Sichuan suffered the most damage. Qushan, the former county seat of Beichuan which was depopulated after the 2008 earthquake, was submerged in of water. The site had been designated as a memorial to earthquake victims and was home to the Beichuan Earthquake Museum. On 9 July, a bridge across the Tongkou River failed, sending six cars into the rushing waters. At least twelve people went missing as a result and are presumed dead. The bridge had only returned to service a few days earlier after undergoing repairs for earthquake damage. Flood waters in the area were measured at , the highest recorded flow rate since records began in 1954. Two other bridges collapsed in Sichuan with no reported injuries. In Dujiangyan City, Sichuan a landslide buried 11 homes and numerous vacation cottages on 10 July. At least 18 people were killed by the landslide which covered , and 117 were missing as of early 11 July. Phone lines were cut, so survivors had to hike to nearby government offices for help. Later on 10 July, additional landslides trapped roughly 2000 people in a tunnel between Dujiangyan and Wenchuan. All were rescued by the evening. In Aba, three people were killed and 12 others went missing after a mudslide in the area. Across Sichuan more than 220,000 people were evacuated due to the storms and roughly 300 dings were destroyed by the floods As of 11 July, there were 31 confirmed deaths in Sichuan and 166 people missing. In Suijiang, Yunnan, four people were killed by the floods. The storms destroyed 5,280 homes in the province and led to the suspension of school in rural areas. In Shouyang, Shanxi, twelve workers were killed when an unfinished mining building collapsed on 9 July. Outside Beijing, three people drowned in a car. Deaths were also reported within the city, in Inner Mongolia, and in Gansu. As of 11 July, the storms had killed 46 people in total, according to official statistics, with hundreds more missing. A further, sixty people were missing in Sichuan. July storms Typhoon Soulik made landfall over mainland China during 12–13 July as a minimal typhoon. About 72 million people were affected by the storm. Heavy rains extended into Guangdong. A total of $433.3 million USD were damage loss. Flooding continued until 15 July, as the storm ended affecting northern or northeastern part of China. 3 people were only reported dead due to Soulik. 2 weeks after Soulik impacted northern China, Tropical Storm Jebi made landfall over Hainan on 1 August. Approximately 1000 homes were damages and damage loss amounted to $20 million USD. Just after Jebi, Mangkhut had affected the most southern part of China. But this storm didn't made that much effects. August storms Widespread damage took place in Guangdong Province. With that, at least 4 people were killed by the storm. As of 15–16 August, another person was killed in a place called Dongguan. Losses across the province amounted to a total of $6.6 billion USD. On 16 August, it is reported that in Guangxi, 6 were reported dead and damages topped to $62.5 million USD. Widespread flooding was also reported in the province of Hunan and 5 people were killed. Trami made landfall over East China in the midnight hours of 22 August. Damage losses were reported about $406 million USD and most of the damage occurred in Fujian Province. In Guangxi, 2 people were killed. Contributing factors It is thought that the 2008 earthquake contributed to geological instability, which contributed to the landslides. Deforestation was likely a significant factor. See also 2008 South China floods 2010 China floods 2011 China floods 2013 North India floods References 2013 floods in Asia 2013 disasters in China Floods in China History of Sichuan Southwest China floods 2013 Disasters in Yunnan Southwest China floods July 2013 events in China
施明賢（，），德國外交官、作家、法學家，曼海姆大学法学博士，中國政法大學名譽教授。現任墨卡托中国研究所顧問委員會成員、Alliance4Europe顧問委員會成員。 曾任德國駐華大使、董事會主席、三邊委員會德國小組成員、德國聯合國協會董事會成員、海牙國際司法研究所全球安全、正义与治理委员会（Commission on Global Security, Justice & Governance of The Hague Institute for Global Justice）成員。 生平 施明賢放棄了他在慕尼黑庫特-胡波文理中學的普通大學入學考試（Abitur）之後，來到了位於漢諾威的哈茨文理中學（Ratsgymnasium）學習。1969年至1974年，他進入慕尼黑大學與日內瓦大學攻讀法學。1974年，在參加完在慕尼黑的第一次國家法律考試之後，他完成了學業。隨後的一年，他在日內瓦大學法學部擔任研究員；1976年到1977年春，他來到位於紐約的聯合國安全理事會，在聯合國秘書處進行實習。1975/1976年和1977/1978年，他完成了在海德堡的法律實習服務（Juristische Vorbereitungsdienst），並在1978年通過了他第二次國家法律考試。 2013年至2020年，擔任德国主席。 參考文獻 下薩克森人 日內瓦大學校友 慕尼黑大學校友 德國外交官 德國駐中華人民共和國大使
阿尔泰山楂（学名：）为蔷薇科山楂属下的一个种。 参考文献 扩展阅读 altaica
巧克力囊肿手术后复发症状？分期巧克力囊肿，主要是因为子宫内膜异位症引起的，根据木前囊肿的大小，还是适合手术切除的，避免引起囊肿的破裂，或者是扭转我建议你这种情况还是手术切除，切除后可以上宫内的节育器，比如说曼月乐的环，也可以口服短效的避孕药来进行调理。卵巢巧克力囊肿。术后复发比较常见。你的这种情况，建议做手术治疗。术后。常规用药半年左右。一般情况下，复发的几率就不是很大。如果这个囊肿破裂的话。卵巢巧克力囊肿手术后有复发的可能，现在手术后复发而且囊肿较大，建议手术切除治疗，术后注意休息，适当增加营养。巧克力囊肿这种疾病多数是通过手术治疗，可以做腹腔镜。吃药或者是其他的方式没有什么可以缓解的。疼痛或者是破裂出血，就必须手术治疗。卵巢巧克力囊肿是子宫内膜异位症的一种病变。正常情况下，子宫内膜生长在子宫腔内，受体内女性激素的影响，每月脱落一次，形成月经。如果月经期脱落的子宫内膜碎片，随经血逆流经输卵管进入盆腔，种植在卵巢表面或盆腔其他部位，形成异位囊肿，这种异位的子宫内膜也受性激素的影响，随同月经周期反复脱落出血，如病变发生在卵巢上，每次月经期局部都有出血，使卵巢增大，形成内含陈旧性积血的囊肿，这种陈旧性血呈褐色，黏稠如糊状，似巧克力，故又称“巧克力囊肿”。这种囊肿可以逐渐增大，有时会在经期或经后发生破裂，但很少发生恶变。平时要多喝水，适当加强营养，不要吃辛辣食物，注意休息，出现不适随时就诊
指间关节不能屈曲的原因是什么？本病的致伤因素多见于锐性切割伤、电锯伤、闭合伤引起的突击指、挤压伤等。常合并神经血管伤或骨关节损伤，也可发生闭合性撕裂伤。
憋尿的时候尿痛怎么回事？在平时由于种种原因，每个人都可能会出现有憋尿，而有一些人在憋尿以后会感觉到尿道疼痛，这就应该要引起高度的重视了，能够及时去泌尿科进行检查，了解了具体的病因以后再进行相关性治疗。医学上称憋尿为强制性尿液滞留。俗话说流水不腐，正常排尿不仅能排出身体内的代谢产物，而且对泌尿系统也有自净作用。长时间憋尿会使膀胱内的尿液越积 越多，含有细菌和有毒物质的尿液未能及时排出，同时憋尿导致膀胱胀大，膀胱壁血管被压迫，膀胱黏膜缺血，抵抗力降低，因此，细菌就会乘虚而入，大肆生长繁 殖，容易引起膀胱炎、尿道炎、尿痛、尿血或遗尿等疾病。憋尿的时候膀胱括约肌持续紧张，膀胱壁血管被压迫造成压力过高，所以有疼痛感。尿完后肌肉突然放松，有可能会出现痉挛而痛感，一般1-2分钟痛感就会消失。这是正常的，还没有出现炎症感染。考虑是膀胱炎症。尿中含有病菌，如果长期憋尿，或憋尿时间过长，尿中的病菌大量繁殖就容易引起感染。多喝水，及时排尿可以预防炎症感染。考虑是泌尿结石。有泌尿结石的人，轻者无症状，典型者表现为腰痛和血尿，部分可出现尿频、尿急、尿痛等尿路感染的症状。如果憋尿后 小腹 痛，尿完还痛，且伴有血尿，要考虑是泌尿结石。        憋尿还会引起生理和心理上的紧张，使高血压病人血压升高，冠心病病人出现心律失常，甚至心绞痛，这对于素有心脑血管疾病的老年人来说无异于火上浇油。前列腺肥大是老年人的常见病，如果长时间憋尿，本已肥大的前列腺更是苦不堪言。           
Lorenzo Ghiberti (, , ; 1378 – 1 December 1455), born Lorenzo di Bartolo, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence, a key figure in the Early Renaissance, best known as the creator of two sets of bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, the later one called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise. Trained as a goldsmith and sculptor, he established an important workshop for sculpture in metal. His book of Commentarii contains important writing on art, as well as what may be the earliest surviving autobiography by any artist. Ghiberti's career was dominated by his two successive commissions for pairs of bronze doors to the Florence Baptistery (Battistero di San Giovanni). They are recognized as a major masterpiece of the Early Renaissance, and were famous and influential from their unveiling. Early life Ghiberti was born in 1378 in Pelago, a comune 20 km from Florence. It is said that Lorenzo was the son of Cione di Ser Buonaccorso Ghiberti and Fiore Ghiberti. However, there is some doubt about whether Cione was Ghiberti's actual father. At some point in their marriage, Fiore went to Florence and lived with a goldsmith by the name of Bartolo di Michele. Fiore and Bartolo maintained a common law marriage, so it is unknown who Ghiberti's biological father was. There is no documentation of Cione's death, but it is known that after his passing Fiore and Bartolo married in 1406. Regardless, Bartolo was the only father Lorenzo knew and they had a close and loving relationship. Bartolo was a clever and popular goldsmith in Florence, and trained Lorenzo in his trade. It was from this apprenticeship that Lorenzo learned the first principles of design. Lorenzo was interested in many forms of art and did not confine himself to gold-working. He delighted in modeling copies of antique medals and also in painting. Lorenzo received formal training as a painter from Gherardo Starnina He then went to work in the workshop of his stepfather. When the bubonic plague struck Florence in 1400, Ghiberti moved to Rimini. In Rimini he was fortunate enough to receive employment by Carlo I Malatesta, where he assisted in the completion of frescoes on the walls of the castle. It is believed that this is where he gained his love for the art of painting. However, shortly after his arrival he received word from his friends back in his home town of Florence that the governors of the Baptistery were holding a competition and sending for masters who were skilled in bronze working. Despite his great appreciation for painting, Ghiberti asked Malatesta for leave. In 1401 he headed back to Florence to participate in a competition that was being held for the commission to make the second pair of bronze doors for the Baptistery of the Cathedral of Florence. Florence Baptistery doors Ghiberti first became famous when as a 21-year-old he won the 1401 competition for the first set of bronze doors, with Brunelleschi as the runner up. The original plan was for the doors to depict scenes from the Old Testament, but the plan was changed to depict scenes from the New Testament instead. However, the trial piece, which survives, depicts the sacrifice of Isaac. To carry out this commission, he set up a large workshop in which many artists trained, including Donatello, Masolino, Paolo Uccello, and Antonio del Pollaiuolo. When his first set of twenty-eight panels was complete, Ghiberti was commissioned to produce a second set for another doorway in the church, this time with scenes from the Old Testament, as originally intended for his first set. Instead of twenty-eight scenes, he produced ten rectangular scenes in a completely different style. These were more naturalistic, with perspective and a greater idealization of the subject. Dubbed "The Gates of Paradise" by Michelangelo, this second set remains a major monument of the age of Renaissance humanism. The Gates of Paradise had ten panels with several episodes from a particular story from the Old Testament portrayed on each of them. The list below shows where each story is placed on the Gates of Paradise. Gates of Paradise multiple descriptive panels The Story of Adam and Eve (Panel) In the beginning of Genesis, God created the Universe (shown on the top of the image). When he created the universe, he created “The Garden of Eden”. This is where he created the first humans Adam and Eve. Adam and Eve are eating an apple from the forbidden tree. Eve was tricked by Lucifer, God's fallen angel, the serpent from being told she would be like God if she ate the forbidden fruit (shown on left middle side). Lucifer, his most beautiful angel, became a fallen angel and the devil (shown on the bottom left). The Story of Cain and Abel (Panel) Cain and Abel were the sons of Adam, the first man. Abel was younger than Cain. Out of jealousy, Cain was enraged with God preferring Abel's sacrifice over his (shown at the top of the photograph). Abel was known to be peaceful and is sitting peacefully with the herd (shown on the middle left side). Cain tricks Abel to follow him and murders him (shown on the bottom). The Story of Noah (Panel) God did not like how the world was full of violence. He told Noah he was going to destroy the earth with a flood and that he needed to build an Ark (shown by the waves in the photograph). He was told to bring two of each kind of animal and his family (shown on the left, right, and on the middle area). There is a Moses laying next to a barrel signifying the drunks (shown on the bottom left). There is Moses offering a sacrifice (shown on the bottom right). The Story of Abraham (Panel) Three men came to Abraham. He clothed them, fed them, and gave them drinks. The three men were angels and they revealed themselves as messengers of God (shown at the bottom left). They told him his wife Sarah, who was 80 years old, would bear a child. Once they had the child God order Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, but was ordered to stop by an angel (shown at the top). The Story of Isaac (Panel) Isaac is the son of Abraham. He was going to be sacrificed before an angel stopped Abraham. Jacob is receiving Issac's blessing (shown on the right). Rebecca is listening to God tell her of her two sons who will have conflicts (shown on the rooftop). The Story of Joseph (Panel) Joseph's father's name was Jacob and they lived in Canaan. Joseph was the second youngest of 11 brothers and his father spent more time with him because of it. Jacob had given Joseph a special robe, which his brothers became envious of. Joseph had two dreams he told his brothers about one where they were all killing him and the other was where they were bowing to him. They were enraged and were planning on killing him, but sold him to slavery and being owned by Egypt (shown at the bottom right). Joseph was imprisoned and told people their meaning of their dreams. The Pharaoh sought Joseph to explain his dream. The Pharaoh told Joseph of his dreams of his city becoming low in food resources. Joseph suggest putting food aside each year for the upcoming low harvest (shown with people having plentiful food). The Story of Moses (Panel) Moses was hidden by his birth mother in a basket in the Nile River. The Pharaoh's daughter spotted Moses and took him from the basket (shown on the left with the river and people). Moses became a child of the Pharaoh of Egypt. He was born an Israelite and his people were enslaved by people of Egypt. The ten plagues hit Egypt and people are shown to be frightened (shown by the people on the right). Moses lead the Israelites out of Egypt to cross the Red Sea (shown on the right, people rejoicing) Moses receives the ten commandments from God on Mount Sinai (shown at the top). The Story of Joshua (Panel) Moses died. Joshua was now the leader of the Israelites and had to lead them to the Promised Land (shown at the bottom). God's people, to cross the Jordan River (seen in the middle of a river stream). Joshua carries the ten commandments around the city of Jericho seven times then the wall collapsed. Joshua and his army then took over the city (shown at the top). They were victorious in taking the city (shown at the top). The Story of David (Panel) Saul was the king of Israel. God said Saul was not the chosen king to lead God's people. Samuel, a prophet, who was sent by God to search for a new king. David was brought back to Saul like David and had become his armor bearer and had him carry his shield. A war was between Israel and Egypt (shown throughout the photograph). Goliath promised his armies work quit if someone could kill him. David was skilled at killing beast from protecting his sheep, as a herdsman, and hit Goliath with a rock and killed him with his own sword (shown at the bottom of the photograph). The Story of King Solomon (Panel) King Solomon made an alliance with the Pharaoh king of Egypt and married his daughter (shown in the middle). God Solomon any wish. Solomon asked God to become a better leader and God rewarded him with wisdom. People acknowledged Solomon as a good and wise king (shown with the rejoiceful crowd). Two prostitutes came to the king. They both had a baby. One of the babies died. The mother of the dead baby claimed that the live baby was hers. Both women swore the live baby was theirs. King Solomon ordered the baby to be cut in half so they could share the baby. Its mother cried out for mercy on her baby, while the other shamelessly submitted. Solomon rewarded the one who cried out, since he believed she was truly the mother (shown on the middle left side, behind his wife). Earlier doors by Andrea Pisano As recommended by Giotto, Andrea Pisano was awarded the commission to design the first set of doors at the Florence Baptistery in 1329. The south doors were originally installed on the east side facing the Duomo, and were transferred to their present location in 1452. These proto-Renaissance doors consist of 28 quatrefoil panels, with the twenty top panels depicting scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist. The eight lower panels depict eight virtues: hope, faith, charity, humility, fortitude, temperance, justice, and prudence. Pisano took six years to complete them, finishing in 1336. In 1453, Ghiberti and his son Vittorio were commissioned to add a door case to Pisano's existing panels. Ghiberti died in 1455, eight years before the frame was finished leaving a majority of the work to Vittorio and other members of his workshop. There is a Latin inscription on top of the door: "Andreas Ugolini Nini de Pisis me fecit A.D. MCCCXXX" (Andrea Pisano made me in 1330). The South Doors were undergoing restoration during September, 2016. 1401 competition In 1401, the Arte di Calimala (Cloth Importers Guild) announced a competition to design doors that eventually would be placed on the north side of the baptistry. The original location for these doors was the east side of the baptistry, but the doors were moved to the north side of the baptistry after Ghiberti completed his second commission, known as the "Gates of Paradise". These new doors would serve as a votive offering to celebrate Florence being spared from relatively recent scourges such as the Black Death in 1348. Each participant was given four tables of brass, and was required to make a relief of the “Sacrifice of Isaac” on a piece of metal that was the size and shape of the door panels. Each artist was given a year to prepare their panel, and the artist who was judged the best was to be given the commission. While many artists competed for this commission the jury selected only seven semifinalists which included Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Simone da Colle, Francesco di Val d’Ombrino, Niccolo d’ Arezzo, Jacopo della Quercia da Siena, and Niccolo Lamberti. In 1402 at the time of judging, only Ghiberti and Brunelleschi were finalists, and when the judges could not decide, they were assigned to work together on them. Brunelleschi's pride got in the way, and he went to Rome to study architecture, thereby leaving the then 21-year-old Ghiberti to work on the doors himself. Ghiberti's autobiography, however, claimed that he had won, "without a single dissenting voice." The original designs of The Sacrifice of Isaac by Ghiberti and Brunelleschi are on display in the museum of the Bargello in Florence. Differences between the Sacrifice of Isaac created by Brunelleschi and Ghiberti include the way that the panel was constructed and the overall efficiency of the panel. Brunelleschi's panel consisted of individual pieces of the figures of the artwork being placed onto the bronze framework. In contrast to Brunelleschi's method of creating the artwork on his panel, Ghiberti's casting of the art had all of the figures, with the exception of Isaac, created as one piece. The pieces of the figures themselves were all hollowed out on the inside. Due to the methods of how Ghiberti made the panel, it ended up being stronger, used less bronze, and had less weight than Brunelleschi's panel. By using less bronze, the panels were also more cost efficient. Including the aspect of the art itself, these differences were included on how the council of the competition decided on the victor. After the competition After the competition, Ghiberti's father Bartolo assisted him greatly in perfecting the design of his door before it was cast. This commission brought immediate and lasting recognition to the young artist. In 1403 the formal contract was signed with Bartolo di Michele's workshop, the same workshop he had previously been trained in, and overnight it became the most prestigious in Florence. Four years later in 1407, Lorenzo legally took over the commission and was prohibited from accepting additional commissions. He devoted much of his time to creating the gates, and was paid two-hundred florins a year for his work. To cast the doors, Lorenzo worked in a studio named the Aja or Threshing floor. The studio was located near the Hospital of Saint. Maria Nuova, the oldest hospital that is still active in Florence today. At the Aja, Ghiberti built a large furnace to melt his metal in an attempt to cast the doors, however his first model was a failure. After this trial, he attempted once more to make a mold. On his second try he was successful and ended up using 34,000 pounds of bronze, costing a total of 22,000 ducats. This was a large sum in this time period. It took Ghiberti 21 years to complete the doors. These gilded bronze doors consist of twenty-eight panels, with twenty panels depicting the life of Christ from the New Testament, and on April 19, 1424 they were placed on the side of the Baptistery. Twenty panels showing the life of Christ from the New Testament are depicted: the Annunciation, Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, Dispute with the Doctors, Baptism of Christ, Temptation of Christ, Chasing the Merchants Away, Christ Walking on Water, Transfiguration, Resurrection of Lazarus, Christ’s Arrival in Jerusalem, Last Supper, Agony in the Garden, Christ Being Captured, Flagellation, Christ on Trial with Pilate, Trip to Calvary, Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Pentecost. The eight lower panels show the four evangelists and the Church Fathers: Saint Ambrose, Saint Jerome, Saint Gregory and Saint Augustine. The panels are surrounded by a framework of foliage in the door case and gilded busts of prophets and sibyls at the intersections of the panels. Originally installed on the east side in place of Pisano's doors, they were later moved to the north side. They are described by the art historian Antonio Paolucci as "the most important event in the history of Florentine art in the first quarter of the fifteenth century". The bronze statues over the northern gate depict John the Baptist preaching to a Pharisee and Sadducee and were sculpted by Francesco Rustici. Rustici may have been aided in his design by Leonardo da Vinci, who assisted him in the choice of his tools. After completion of the doors After the completion of these doors, Ghiberti was widely recognized as a celebrity and the top artist in this field. He was given many commissions, including some from the pope. In 1425 he got a second commission for the Florence Baptistery, this time for the east doors, on which he and his workshop (including Michelozzo and Benozzo Gozzoli) toiled for 27 years, excelling themselves. The subjects of the designs for the doors were chosen by Leonardo Bruni d'Arezzo, then chancellor of the Republic of Florence. They have ten panels depicting scenes from the Old Testament, and were in turn installed on the east side. The panels are large rectangles and were no longer embedded in the traditional Gothic quatrefoil, as in the previous doors. Ghiberti employed the recently discovered principles of perspective to give depth to his compositions. Each panel depicts more than one episode. "The Story of Joseph" portrays the narrative scheme of Joseph Cast by His Brethren into the Well, Joseph Sold to the Merchants, The merchants delivering Joseph to the pharaoh, Joseph Interpreting the Pharaoh's dream, The Pharaoh Paying him Honour, Jacob Sends His Sons to Egypt and Joseph Recognizes His Brothers and Returns Home. According to Vasari's Lives, this panel was the most difficult and also the most beautiful. The figures are distributed in very low relief in a perspective space (a technique invented by Donatello and called rilievo schiacciato, which literally means "flattened relief"). Ghiberti uses different sculptural techniques, from incised lines to almost free-standing figure sculpture within the panels, further accentuating the sense of space. The panels are included in a richly decorated gilt framework of foliage and fruit, with many statuettes of prophets and 24 busts. The two central busts are portraits of the artist and of his father, Bartolomeo Ghiberti. The Annunciation panel portrays the scene with an angel dressed in robe, wings, and a trumpet appearing to Mary, which was shown in an expression of shock leaving a doorway. The Nativity panel depicts the birth of Christ with an ox, a donkey, Joseph and Mary, an angel, and the shepherds. All the characters in the panel are all depicted near a cave while all but Mary are showing reverence towards her. The Adoration of the Magi panel shows the three magi giving praise to Christ and Mary, with Joseph and angels in the background. In the Christ Among the Doctors panel, Christ is depicted as a child sitting upon a throne-like chair surrounded by the doctors in discussion with him. The narrative of the doctors being shocked of how intelligently Christ spoke is demonstrated by how all the doctors are speaking to each other in intense discussion around Christ. The Baptism of Christ panel, Christ is shown surrounded by spectators, a dove, and his cousin, John the Baptist, being baptized in a river. The background includes intensely detailed trees with leaves, rocks, and a flowing river. The Temptation of Christ panel is shown with Christ surrounded by angels while facing the fallen angel, Satan, standing upon rocks. Satan is depicted as a human with bat-like wings and robes. The Chasing the Merchants Away panel depicts the scene with by Christ pushing away a group of merchants with his fists raised inside the temple. The temple in the background is depicted by columns and arches with complex designs, the merchants are also shown holding goods while being pushed away. The Christ Walking on Water panel displays Jesus standing on water and the disciples at sea while Peter is drowning. The panel shows a ship detailed with sails shown to have the individual ropes from the mast as well as the ship itself having artistic designs. The ocean is also detailed with the waves flowing and where Jesus stands on the water, it bends down to show him standing on it. The Transfiguration panel shows Jesus standing with the prophets Moses and Elijah over his disciples Peter, James, and John. The awe of the three disciples are expressed by them being on the ground and looking away from Christ and the prophets. The Raising of Lazarus panel shows Lazarus leaving his tomb being surrounded by Christ, his sisters, and disciples. The awe of the sisters of Lazarus are shown by one of them on the ground and the other grabbing Lazarus while kneeling. The Entry into Jerusalem panel shows Christ riding upon a donkey being greeted by a large crowd with the gates of Jerusalem in the background. Each individual of the crowd has a distinct face with different hairstyles and clothes. The Last Supper panel shows the well known scene in the New Testament of Christ eating with the twelve disciples. The background is decorated grapes on the columns and drapes in the background while Christ is at the head of the table and the disciples sitting in unison. The Agony in the Garden panel shows Christ praying towards an angle and disciples sleeping behind him. The imagery of the garden is detailed with highly detailed bushes, rocks, and trees. The Christ Being Captured panel shows Christ being marked by Judas to be arrested by the Roman soldiers while disciples are struggling against the soldier. The soldiers each have individualized armor and weapons like a spear, axe, and a sword. The Flagellation panel depicts Jesus being flogged by the Roman soldiers holding rods in a swinging motion. The Crucifixion panel of the North Doors depicts the scene with Mary and John at the foot of the cross mourning with angels next to Christ hanging. Mary is shown to be in mourning with her looking down away from the cross. Although the overall quality of the casting is considered exquisite, there are some known mistakes. For example, in panel 15 of the North Doors (Flagellation) the casting of the second column in the front row has been overlaid over an arm, so that one of the flagellators appears trapped in stone, with his hand sticking out of it. Michelangelo referred to these doors as fit to be the "Gates of Paradise" (It. Porte del Paradiso), and they are still invariably referred to by this name. Giorgio Vasari described them a century later as "undeniably perfect in every way and must rank as the finest masterpiece ever created". Ghiberti himself said they were "the most singular work that I have ever made". The bronze statues for Orsanmichele St. John the Baptist The St. John The Baptist statue sits in a niche of the Orsanmichele in Florence was built from 1412–-1416. This statue based on the St. John the Baptist. Ghiberti's masterpiece was commissioned by the Arte di Calimala guild, which was the wool merchants guild. They were one of the wealthiest in Florence. This statue was a technological advance for its time. Ghiberti had incredible casting skill to be able to bond this 8’ 4” statue made of bronze. Ghiberti's statue was influenced by the gothic style in Italy, shown by the elegant curves from the sword and drapery. St. Matthew This statue was commissioned by the Arte del Cambio, the bankers guild and executed by Ghiberti between 1419–-1423. The Saint Matthew statue reaches a height of 8’ 10” of bronze. It is also located in a niche in the Orsanmichele in Florence. The guild specified they wanted their statue as tall or taller than the St. John the Baptist statue. St. Stephen St. Stephen for the Arte della Lana (Wool Manufacturers' Guild) Later life, family, and death By 1417 Lorenzo Ghiberti was married to Marsila, the 16- year-old daughter of Bartolommeo di Lucca, a worthy comb-maker. Together they had two sons. In 1417 they had Tommaso Ghiberti, and a year later they had Vittorio Ghiberti. Ghiberti was wealthier than most of his contemporary artists, with his success bringing him great financial rewards. A surviving tax return of 1427 shows and he owned a considerable amount of land in, and outside of Florence. He also had a substantial amount of money invested in government bonds to his credit. Over the years, his real estate and monetary holdings continued to grow. Lorenzo Ghiberti lived to be seventy-five years old, and succumbed to a fever and died in Florence. He was buried on December 1, 1455, in Santa Croce. Vittorio followed in his father's footsteps as a goldsmith and bronze-caster, but never rose to great fame. Tommaso did join his father's business, helping as a collaborator with Lorenzo's assistants. After his father's death it is unknown if he continued in the business, as he is not mentioned in any of the documents after 1447. Later, Vittorio had a son in which he named Buonaccorso who followed the paternal art. However, Buonaccorso had a different spin on his grandfather's work, with his metal castings taking the form of artillery and cannonballs. His manufacture of these weapons made him famous, mainly for supplying the wars of Sarzana and Pisa. Other works He was also a collector of classical artifacts and a historian. He was actively involved in the spreading of humanist ideas. His unfinished Commentarii are a valuable source of information about Renaissance art and contains what is considered the first autobiography of an artist. This work was a major source for Vasari's Vite. Ghiberti's "Commentario" includes the earliest known surviving autobiography of an artist. He discusses the development of art from the time of Cimabue through to his own work. In describing his second bronze portal for the Florence Baptistry, he states: "In this work I sought to imitate nature as closely as possible, both in proportions and in perspective... the buildings appear as seen by the eye of one who gazes on them from a distance." The language Ghiberti used to describe his art has proved invaluable to art historians in understanding the aims Renaissance artists were striving for in their artworks. Paolo Uccello, who was commonly regarded as the first great master of perspective, worked in Ghiberti's workshop for several years, making it difficult to determine the extent to which Uccello's innovations in perspective were due to Ghiberti's instruction. Donatello, known for one of the first examples of central-point perspective in sculpture, also worked briefly in Ghiberti's workshop. It was also about this time that Paolo began his lifelong friendship with Donatello. In about 1413 one of Ghiberti's contemporaries, Filippo Brunelleschi, demonstrated the geometrical method of perspective used today by artists, by painting the outlines of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror. When the building's outline was continued, he noticed that all of the lines converged on the horizon line. Recent scholarship indicates that in his work on perspective, Ghiberti was influenced by the Arab polymath Alhazen who had written about the optical basis of perspective in the early eleventh century. His Book of Optics was translated into Italian in the fourteenth century as Deli Aspecti, and was quoted at length in Ghiberti's "Commentario terzo." Author A. Mark Smith suggests that, through Ghiberti, Alhazen's Book of Optics "may well have been central to the development of artificial perspective in early Renaissance Italian painting." Gallery References Sullivan, Mary Ann. “Gates of Paradise, Florence Baptistry.” Images of the Gates of Paradise by Ghiberti, Florence Baptistry, Florence, Italy. Digital Imaging Project: Art Historical Images of European and North American Architecture and Sculpture from Classical Greek to Post-Modern. Scanned from Slides Taken on Site by Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton College. External links Catholic Encyclopedia article Golden Oldies With a New Sparkle, Review by Roberta Smith in the New York Times Images of the Gates of Paradise by Ghiberti, Bluffton University. Italian Renaissance sculptors Italian Roman Catholics Sculptors from Florence Italian goldsmiths 1378 births 1455 deaths Artist authors Italian male sculptors 15th-century people from the Republic of Florence Burials at Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence 15th-century Italian sculptors Catholic sculptors
A synthesizer (also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis and frequency modulation synthesis. These sounds may be altered by components such as filters, which cut or boost frequencies; envelopes, which control articulation, or how notes begin and end; and low-frequency oscillators, which modulate parameters such as pitch, volume, or filter characteristics affecting timbre. Synthesizers are typically played with keyboards or controlled by sequencers, software or other instruments and may be synchronized to other equipment via MIDI. Synthesizer-like instruments emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century with instruments such as the RCA Mark II, which was controlled with punch cards and used hundreds of vacuum tubes. The Moog synthesizer, developed by Robert Moog and first sold in 1964, is credited for pioneering concepts such as voltage-controlled oscillators, envelopes, noise generators, filters, and sequencers. In 1970, the smaller, cheaper Minimoog standardized synthesizers as self-contained instruments with built-in keyboards, unlike the larger modular synthesizers before it. In 1978, Sequential Circuits released the Prophet-5, which used microprocessors to allow users to store sounds for the first time. MIDI, a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments, was introduced in 1982 and remains an industry standard. The Yamaha DX7, launched in 1983, was a major success and popularized digital synthesis. Software synthesizers now can be run as plug-ins or embedded on microchips. Synthesizers were initially viewed as avant-garde, valued by the 1960s psychedelic and counter-cultural scenes but with little perceived commercial potential. Switched-On Bach (1968), a bestselling album of Bach compositions arranged for synthesizer by Wendy Carlos, took synthesizers to the mainstream. They were adopted by electronic acts and pop and rock groups in the 1960s and 1970s and were widely used in 1980s music. Sampling, introduced with the Fairlight synthesizer in 1979, has influenced many genres, electronic and hip hop music. Today, the synthesizer is used in nearly every genre of music and is considered one of the most important instruments in the music industry. According to Fact in 2016, "The synthesizer is as important, and as ubiquitous, in modern music today as the human voice." History Precursors As electricity became more widely available, the early 20th century saw the invention of electronic musical instruments including the Telharmonium, Trautonium, Ondes Martenot, and theremin. In the late 1930s, the Hammond Organ Company built the Novachord, a large instrument powered by 72 voltage-controlled amplifiers and 146 vacuum tubes. In 1948, the Canadian engineer Hugh Le Caine completed the electronic sackbut, a precursor to voltage-controlled synthesizers, with keyboard sensitivity allowing for vibrato, glissando, and attack control. In 1957, Harry Olson and Herbert Belar completed the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer at the RCA laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey. The instrument read punched paper tape that controlled an analog synthesizer containing 750 vacuum tubes. It was acquired by the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center and used almost exclusively by Milton Babbitt, a composer at Princeton University. 1960s: Early years The authors of Analog Days define "the early years of the synthesizer" as between 1964 and the mid-1970s, beginning with the debut of the Moog synthesizer. Designed by the American engineer Robert Moog, the synthesizer was composed of separate modules which created and shaped sounds, connected by patch cords. Moog developed a means of controlling pitch through voltage, the voltage-controlled oscillator. This, along with Moog components such as envelopes, noise generators, filters, and sequencers, became standard components in synthesizers. Around the same period, the American engineer Don Buchla created the Buchla Modular Electronic Music System. Instead of a conventional keyboard, Buchla's system used touchplates which transmitted control voltages depending on finger position and force. However, the Moog's keyboard made it more accessible and marketable to musicians, and keyboards became the standard means of controlling synthesizers. Moog and Buchla initially avoided the word synthesizer for their instruments, as it was associated with the RCA synthesizer; however, by the 1970s, "synthesizer" had become the standard term. 1970s: Portability, polyphony and patch memory In 1970, Moog launched a cheaper, smaller synthesizer, the Minimoog. It was the first synthesizer sold in music stores, and was more practical for live performance. It standardized the concept of synthesizers as self-contained instruments with built-in keyboards. After retail stores started selling synthesizers in 1971, other synthesizer companies were established, including ARP in the US and EMS in the UK. ARP's products included the ARP 2600, which folded into a carrying case and had built-in speakers, and the Odyssey, a rival to the Minimoog. The less expensive EMS synthesizers were used by European art rock and progressive rock acts including Brian Eno and Pink Floyd. Designs for synthesizers appeared in the amateur electronics market, such as the "Practical Electronics Sound Synthesiser", published in Practical Electronics in 1973. By the mid-1970s, ARP was the world's largest synthesizer manufacturer, though it closed in 1981. Early synthesizers were monophonic, meaning they could only play one note at a time. Some of the earliest commercial polyphonic synthesizers were created by the American engineer Tom Oberheim, such as the OB-X (1979). In 1978, the American company Sequential Circuits released the Prophet-5, the first fully programmable polyphonic synthesizer. Whereas previous synthesizers required users to adjust cables and knobs to change sounds, with no guarantee of exactly recreating a sound, the Prophet-5 used microprocessors to store sounds in patch memory. This facilitated a move from synthesizers creating unpredictable sounds to producing "a standard package of familiar sounds". 1980s: Digital technology The synthesizer market grew dramatically in the 1980s. 1982 saw the introduction of MIDI, a standardized means of synchronizing electronic instruments; it remains an industry standard. An influential sampling synthesizer, the Fairlight CMI, was released in 1979, with the ability to record and play back samples at different pitches. Though its high price made it inaccessible to amateurs, it was adopted by high-profile pop musicians including Kate Bush and Peter Gabriel. The success of the Fairlight drove competition, improving sampling technology and lowering prices. Early competing samplers included the E-mu Emulator in 1981 and the Akai S-series in 1985. In 1983, Yamaha released the first commercially successful digital synthesizer, the Yamaha DX7. Based on frequency modulation (FM) synthesis developed by the Stanford University engineer John Chowning, the DX7 was characterized by its "harsh", "glassy" and "chilly" sounds, compared to the "warm" and "fuzzy" sounds of analog synthesis. The DX7 was the first synthesizer to sell more than 100,000 unitsand remains one of the bestselling in history. It was widely used in 1980s pop music. Digital synthesizers typically contained preset sounds emulating acoustic instruments, with algorithms controlled with menus and buttons. The Synclavier, made with FM technology licensed from Yamaha, offered features such as 16-bit sampling and digital recording. With a starting price of $13,000, its use was limited to universities, studios and wealthy artists. The Roland D-50 (1987) blended Roland's linear arithmetic algorithm with samples, and was the first mass-produced synthesizer with built-in digital effects such as delay, reverb and chorus. In 1988, the Japanese manufacturer Korg released the M1, a digital synthesizer workstation featuring sampled transients and loops. With more than 250,000 units sold, it remains the bestselling synthesizer in history. The advent of digital synthesizers led to a downturn in interest in analog synthesizers in the following decade. 1990s–present: Software synthesizers and analog revival 1997 saw the release of ReBirth by Propellerhead Software and Reality by Seer Systems, the first software synthesizers that could be played in real time via MIDI. In 1999, an update to the music software Cubase allowed users to run software instruments (including synthesizers) as plug-ins, triggering a wave of new software instruments. Propellerhead's Reason, released in 2000, introduced an array of recognizable virtual studio equipment. The market for patchable and modular synthesizers rebounded in the late 1990s. In the 2000s, older analog synthesizers regained popularity, sometimes selling for much more than their original prices. In the 2010s, new, affordable analog synthesizers were introduced by companies including Moog, Korg, Arturia and Dave Smith Instruments. The renewed interest is credited to the appeal of imperfect "organic" sounds and simpler interfaces, and modern surface-mount technology making analog synthesizers cheaper and faster to manufacture. Impact Early synthesizers were viewed as avant-garde, valued by the 1960s psychedelic and counter-cultural scenes for their ability to make new sounds, but with little perceived commercial potential. Switched-On Bach (1968), a bestselling album of Bach compositions arranged for Moog synthesizer by Wendy Carlos, demonstrated that synthesizers could be more than "random noise machines", taking them to the mainstream. However, debates were held about the appropriateness of synthesizers in baroque music, and according to the Guardian they were quickly abandoned in "serious classical circles". Today, the synthesizer is used in nearly every genre of music. It is considered by the authors of Analog Days as "the only innovation that can stand alongside the electric guitar as a great new instrument of the age of electricity ... Both led to new forms of music, and both had massive popular appeal." According to Fact in 2016, "The synthesizer is as important, and as ubiquitous, in modern music today as the human voice." It is one of the most important instruments in the music industry. Rock The Moog was adopted by 1960s rock acts including the Doors, the Grateful Dead, the Rolling Stones, the Beatles, and Keith Emerson. Emerson was the first major rock musician to perform with the Moog and it became a trademark of his performances, helping take his band Emerson, Lake & Palmer to global stardom. According to Analog Days, the likes of Emerson, with his Moog performances, "did for the keyboard what Jimi Hendrix did for the guitar". The portable Minimoog (1970), much smaller than the modular synthesizers before it, made synthesizers more common in live performance. Early synthesizers could only play one note at a time, making them suitable for basslines, leads and solos. With the rise of polyphonic synthesizers in the 70s and 80s, "the keyboard in rock once more started to revert to the background, to be used for fills and atmosphere rather than for soloing". Some acts felt that using synthesizers to create sounds was "cheating"; Queen wrote in their album liner notes that they did not use them. Black music The Minimoog took a place in mainstream black music, most notably in the work of Stevie Wonder, and in jazz, such as the work of Sun Ra. In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, the Minimoog was widely used in the emerging disco genre by artists including Abba and Giorgio Moroder. Sampling, introduced with the Fairlight synthesizer in 1979, has influenced all genres of music and had a major influence on the development of electronic and hip hop music. Electronic music In the 1970s, electronic music composers such as Jean Michel Jarre and Isao Tomita released successful synthesizer-led instrumental albums. This influenced the emergence of synthpop, a subgenre of new wave, from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. The work of German krautrock bands such as Kraftwerk and Tangerine Dream, British acts such as John Foxx, Gary Numan and David Bowie, African-American acts such as George Clinton and Zapp, and Japanese electronic acts such as Yellow Magic Orchestra and Kitaro were influential in the development of the genre. The Roland TB-303 (1981), in conjunction with the Roland TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines, became a foundation of electronic dance music genres such as house and techno when producers acquired cheap second-hand units later in the decade. The authors of Analog Days connect the synthesizer's origins in 1960s psychedelia to the raves and British "second summer of love" of the 1980s and the club scenes of the 1990s and 2000s. Pop Gary Numan's 1979 hits "Are 'Friends' Electric?" and "Cars" made heavy use of synthesizers. OMD's "Enola Gay" (1980) used distinctive electronic percussion and a synthesized melody. Soft Cell used a synthesized melody on their 1981 hit "Tainted Love". Nick Rhodes, keyboardist of Duran Duran, used synthesizers including the Roland Jupiter-4 and Jupiter-8. Chart hits include Depeche Mode's "Just Can't Get Enough" (1981), the Human League's "Don't You Want Me" and works by Ultravox. In the 1980s, digital synthesizers were widely used in pop music. The Yamaha DX7, released in 1983, became a pop staple, used on songs by A-ha, Kenny Loggins, Kool & the Gang. Its "E PIANO 1" preset became particularly famous, especially for power ballads, and was used by artists including Whitney Houston, Chicago, Prince, Phil Collins, Luther Vandross, Billy Ocean, and Celine Dion. Korg M1 presets were widely used in 1990s house music, beginning with Madonna's 1990 single "Vogue". Film and television Synthesizers are common in film and television soundtracks. ARP synthesizers, for example, were used to create sound effects for the 1977 science fiction films Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Star Wars, including the "voice" of the robot R2-D2. In the 70s and 80s, synthesizers were used in the scores for thrillers and horror films including A Clockwork Orange (1971), Apocalypse Now (1979), The Fog (1980) and Manhunter (1986). Brad Fiedel used a Prophet synthesizer to record the soundtrack for The Terminator (1984), and the filmmaker John Carpenter used them extensively for his soundtracks. Synthesizers were used to create themes for television shows including Knight Rider (1982), Twin Peaks (1990) and Stranger Things (2016). Jobs The rise of the synthesizer led to major changes in music industry jobs, comparable to the earlier arrival of sound in film, which put live musicians accompanying silent films out of work. With its ability to imitate instruments such as strings and horns, the synthesizer threatened the jobs of session musicians. For a period, the Moog was banned from use in commercial work, a restriction negotiated by the American Federation of Musicians (AFM). Robert Moog felt that the AFM had not realized that his instrument had to be studied like any other, and instead imagined that "all the sounds that musicians could make somehow existed in the Moog — all you had to do was push a button that said 'Jascha Heifetz' and out would come the most fantastic violin player". Musician Walter Sear persuaded the AFM that the synthesizer demanded skill, and the category of "synthesizer player" was accepted into the union; however, players were still subject to "suspicion and hostility" for several years. In 1982, following a tour by Barry Manilow using synthesizers instead of an orchestra, the British Musicians' Union attempted to ban synthesizers, attracting controversy. That decade, a few musicians skilled at programming the popular Yamaha DX7 found employment creating sounds for other acts. Sound synthesis Synthesizers generate audio through various forms of analog and digital synthesis. In subtractive synthesis, complex waveforms are generated by oscillators and then shaped with filters to remove or boost specific frequencies. Subtractive synthesis is characterized as "rich" and "warm". In additive synthesis, a large number of waveforms, usually sine waves, are combined into a composite sound. In frequency modulation (FM) synthesis, also known as phase modulation, a carrier wave is modulated with the frequency of a modulator wave; the resulting complex waveform can, in turn, be modulated by another modulator, and this by another, and so on. FM synthesis is characterized as "harsh", "glassy" and "chilly". Phase distortion synthesis, implemented in Casio CZ synthesizers, is similar to FM synthesis. In wavetable synthesis, synthesizers modulate smoothly between digital representations of different waveforms, changing the shape and timbre. In sample-based synthesis, instead of sounds being created by synthesizers, samples (digital recordings of sounds) are played back and shaped with components such as filters, envelopes and LFOs. In vector synthesis, pioneered by the Prophet VS, users crossfade between different sound sources using controllers such as joysticks, envelopes and LFOs. In granular synthesis, an audio sample is split into "grains", usually between one hundredth and one tenth of a second in length, which are recombined and played back. In physical modelling synthesis, a mathematical model of a physical sound source is created. Components Oscillators Oscillators produce waveforms (such as sawtooth, sine, or pulse waves) with different timbres. Voltage-controlled amplifiers Voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs) control the volume or gain of the audio signal. VCAs can be modulated by other components, such as LFOs and envelopes. A VCA is a preamp that boosts (amplifies) the electronic signal before passing it on to an external or built-in power amplifier, as well as a means to control its amplitude (volume) using an attenuator. The gain of the VCA is affected by a control voltage (CV), coming from an envelope generator, an LFO, the keyboard or some other source. Filters Voltage-controlled filters (VCFs) "shape" the sound generated by the oscillators in the frequency domain, often under the control of an envelope or LFO. These are essential to subtractive synthesis. Filters are particularly important in subtractive synthesis, being designed to pass some frequency regions (or "bands") through unattenuated while significantly attenuating ("subtracting") others. The low-pass filter is most frequently used, but band-pass filters, band-reject filters and high-pass filters are also sometimes available. The filter may be controlled with a second ADSR envelope. An "envelope modulation" ("env mod") parameter on many synthesizers with filter envelopes determines how much the envelope affects the filter. If turned all the way down, the filter produces a flat sound with no envelope. When turned up the envelope becomes more noticeable, expanding the minimum and maximum range of the filter. The envelope applied on the filter helps the sound designer generating long notes or short notes by moving the parameters up and down such as decay, sustain and finally release. For instance by using a short decay with no sustain, the sound generated is commonly known as a stab. Sound designers may prefer shaping the sound with a filter instead of volume. Envelopes Envelopes control how sounds change over time. They may control parameters such as amplitude (volume), filters (frequencies), or pitch. The most common envelope is the ADSR (attack, decay, sustain, release) envelope: Attack is the time taken for initial run-up of level from nil to peak, beginning when the note is triggered. Decay is the time taken for the subsequent run down from the attack level to the designated sustain level. Sustain is the level during the main sequence of the sound's duration, until the key is released. Release is the time taken for the level to decay from the sustain level to zero after the key is released. Low-frequency oscillators Low-frequency oscillators (LFOs) produce waveforms used to modulate parameters, such as the pitch of oscillators (producing vibrato). Arpeggiators Arpeggiators, included in many synthesizer models, take input chords and convert them into arpeggios. They usually include controls for speed, range and mode (the movement of the arpeggio). Controllers Synthesizers are often controlled with electronic or digital keyboards or MIDI controller keyboards, which may be built into the synthesizer unit or attached via connections such as CV/gate, USB, or MIDI. Keyboards may offer expression such as velocity sensitivity and aftertouch, allowing for more control over the sound. Other controllers include ribbon controllers, which track the movement of the finger across a touch-sensitive surface; wind controllers, played similarly to woodwind instruments; motion-sensitive controllers similar to video game motion controllers; electronic drum pads, played similarly to the heads of a drum kit; touchplates, which send signals depending on finger position and force; controllers designed for microtonal tunings; touchscreen devices such as tablets and smartphones; and fingerpads. Clones Synthesizer clones are unlicensed recreations of previous synthesizers, often marketed as affordable versions of famous musical equipment. Clones are available as physical instruments and software. Companies that have sold software clones include Arturia and Native Instruments. Behringer manufactures equipment modelled on instruments including the Minimoog, Pro-One, and TB-303, and drum machines such as the TR-808. Other synthesizer clones include the MiniMOD (a series of Eurorack modules based on the Minimoog), the Intellijel Atlantis (based on the SH-101), and the x0x Heart (based on the TB-303). Creating clones of older hardware is legal where the patents have expired. In 1997, Mackie lost their lawsuit against Behringer as copyright law in the United States did not cover their circuit board designs. See also Lists List of synthesizers List of synthesizer manufacturers Various synthesizers Guitar synthesizer Keyboard bass Keytar Modular synthesizer Semi-modular synthesizer String synthesizer Wind controller Related instruments & technologies 3D sound synthesis Clavioline (Musitron) Electronic keyboard Musical instrument Music workstation Sampler Speech synthesis Vocaloid Components & technologies Analytic signal Envelope detector Low-frequency oscillation MIDI Music genres Computer music Electronic music Notable works List of compositions for electronic keyboard References Citations Sources Further reading External links Sound Synthesis Theory wikibook Principles of Sound Synthesis at Salford University Synthesizer Tutorial Keyboard instruments Bass (sound) Hip hop production New wave music Rhythm section Electric and electronic keyboard instruments
济南泰山将军足球俱乐部1997赛季记录济南泰山将军足球俱乐部征战1997赛季的情况。 比赛 全年赛历 训练赛/内部教学赛 甲A联赛 比赛结果 最终排名 中国足协杯 友谊赛/邀请赛 参考 | S
半椎体畸形的中医治疗？针灸治疗：取穴大杼、风池、悬钟、阳陵泉、足三里、病灶处夹脊，毫针刺，用补法，每日1次，每次选其中4穴，留针30分钟，每10分钟行针1次，左右两侧交替使用，夹脊穴针后加艾条悬灸，局部潮红为度。10次为一疗程，疗程间休息5天，第2疗程，间日针灸1次，针灸法同上。第3疗程用埋线法，局部用利多卡因麻醉，每穴埋入羊肠线1～1.5cm，风池、大杼、夹脊穴刺入不宜过深，风池对鼻尖方向刺，大杼及夹脊穴针尖向脊椎刺，术后用创可贴敷盖，7日内勿洗澡以防感染，每10日治疗1次，以后逐步增加到15～30日治疗1次，连续治疗1年。
Muhammad Nur Ikhmal bin Damit (born 5 March 1993) is a Bruneian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Club career As a youngster, Ikhmal made appearances for the Brunei Youth Team in the Premier League II in 2011. Afterwards he joined MS ABDB, the football team of his then-employer, the Royal Brunei Armed Forces. He debuted with the team at the September 2012 Brunei Darussalam National Games and won gold, scoring the winner against Brunei-Muara district in the semi-final. MS ABDB also won the 2012 Brunei FA Cup that December but Ikhmal was not in the matchday squad. Ikhmal played in the first ever game of the Brunei Super League, a 2–1 victory against MS PDB on 14 December 2012. He made six further league appearances that season, finishing in second place and losing out to Indera FC via goal difference. After taking a sabbatical from the 2014 Brunei Super League, Ikhmal reappeared for the army's National Games squad and won his second gold medal in the football category. Ikhmal played in the final of the 2014-15 Brunei FA Cup on 4 January 2015 and was victorious on the night with a 2–0 scoreline over Najip FC. Although he was registered with MS ABDB for the 2015 season, his commitments for the national team restricted his playing time and by the second half of the season he transferred to defending champions Indera SC. Ikhmal's new team eventually finished second in the league, then competed against the new champions MS ABDB in the final of the 2015 FA Cup. Ikhmal started the match and scored in injury time against his former team but it was scant consolation as the Armymen won 3–2 in the end. Ikhmal received a third FA Cup winner's medal after Indera's 2–0 win over MS PDB in the final of the 2017-18 FA Cup on 1 April 2018. International career Ikhmal has represented Brunei since 2010 when he was sent to South Korea for the 38th Asian Schools Football Championship (which ultimately Brunei could not participate after their arrival due to the country's suspension from FIFA). He was in contention for a place in the team for the December 2013 SEA Games held in Myanmar and featured in a friendly against Indonesia U23 the previous August, but was not selected. Ikhmal became an integral player for the under-23s in 2015, featuring in all three games at the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualifying held in Indonesia in March. Two months later, he departed to Singapore with the same squad for the 28th SEA Games. He played in four out of 5 games as Brunei lost every fixture in the football category. Ikhmal was called up to the senior squad for the 2016 AFF Championship qualification matches on October in Cambodia, as well as the 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup in Malaysia the following month. He made his international debut in a 2–1 victory over Timor-Leste on 15 October. He also started against Cambodia three days later but this time the hosts rant out as 0–3 victors. Picking up an injury in that game, he then made only one substitute appearance at the inaugural Solidarity Cup, with the Wasps finishing fourth at the end of the AFC-sanctioned tournament. The following year, Ikhmal joined up with the national team under Stephen Ng Heng Seng for the 2017 Aceh World Solidarity Tsunami Cup. The charity meet was initially billed as a FIFA 'A'-international standard tournament before being changed to an under-23 tournament. After defeats against hosts Indonesia and Kyrgyzstan, Brunei's final game against Mongolia was cancelled due to bad weather. Ikhmal was selected for the 2018 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy as one of the three overage players allowed for the under-21 tournament, along with Yura Indera Putera Yunos and Razimie Ramlli. Ikhmal played all three group matches but only clocked 180 minutes - he was a second-half substitute in the first game and was taken off after half time in the last game. Ikhmal accepted a callup by the national team for the two-legged 2022 World Cup qualification matches against Mongolia in June 2019. He did not see playing time as Robbie Servais preferred Yura Indera Putera Yunos and Shah Razen Said in the central midfield roles. Later that year Ikhmal was selected as one of two overage players in the Brunei under-22 squad for the 2019 Southeast Asian Games. Honours MS ABDB Brunei FA Cup (2): 2012, 2014–15 Indera SC Brunei FA Cup: 2017-18 Piala Sumbangsih: 2018 References External links 1993 births Living people Bruneian Muslims Men's association football midfielders Bruneian men's footballers Brunei men's international footballers Royal Brunei Armed Forces Sports Council players Indera SC players Kasuka FC players Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games SEA Games competitors for Brunei Brunei Super League players
左精索静脉曲张是什么病？就算是轻度的精索静脉曲张也是需求治疗的同时在平常还需求多留意保缴以穿一些紧身的内裤以防阴囊下坠忌烟酒、辛辣的食物不要久坐要有恰当的的运动心情要放平缓等。阴囊水肿和睾丸鞘膜积液：阴囊水肿和睾丸鞘膜积液是手术后最常见的并发症，发作率在3%~40%之间。水肿在下列情况下更易发作：双侧精索静脉曲张行结扎手术；有腹股沟手术史的患者术后水肿也明显；特意分别输精管可能进步水肿的发作率。精索静脉曲张一般多是由过度手淫引起等结婚后有了规律的性生活轻度的症状一般是会不治而愈如果有手淫习惯的患者还是要适当控制频度至于症状多久可以消失一方面跟体质有关另一方面就是生活习惯降与否及时到正规医院进行检查明确病因后再进一步接受治疗不要擅自做主。精索静脉曲张的治疗，普通的情况下可以选择手术来中止治疗，发现有精索静脉曲张，而且有生育恳求的话，尽快去正轨公立医院中止精液检查，假定精液检查是异常的，中止手术治疗为好，否则暂时观察。多吃富含维生素，蛋白质和微量元素的食物，要多喝温开水。目前情况是静脉炎的常见改动目前情况是静脉炎的常见改动，病情容易诱发局部疼痛的构成和压痛的情况比较常见。劳累后容易放射诱发有小腹疼痛的改动。静脉曲张是指由于血液淤滞、静脉管壁薄弱等要素，招致的静脉迂曲、扩张。身体多个部位的静脉均可发作曲张，比如痔疮其实就是一种静脉曲张。精索静脉曲张容易招致睾丸的坠胀感影响精液质量招致男性不育症。先天性的发育血管畸形是最主要的一个诱因，长期站立压力过重。建议您往常这种情况到专业的泌尿外科和男科来做出一个明白的判别来选择精索静脉高位结扎手术。
The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established within the Office for Emergency Management of the United States government by Executive Order 8875 on August 28, 1941. The functions of the OPA were originally to control money (price controls) and rents after the outbreak of World War II. History President Franklin D. Roosevelt inaugurated the Council of National Defense Advisory Commission on May 29, 1940, to include Price Stabilization and Consumer Protection Divisions. Both divisions merged to become the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS) within the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 8734, on April 11, 1941. Civil supply functions were transferred to the Office of Production Management. It became an independent agency under the Emergency Price Control Act, January 30, 1942. The OPA had the power to place ceilings on all prices except agricultural commodities, and to ration scarce supplies of other items, including tires, automobiles, shoes, nylon, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats and processed foods. At the peak, almost 90% of retail food prices were frozen. It could also authorize subsidies for production of some of those commodities. Dissolution As early as 1944, in its annual debate about price control extension, Congress discussed limiting the power of the OPA as World War II drew to a close and the necessity of price controls was called into question. While some argued for the continuation of price controls to hold post war inflation in check, there was widespread support among conservatives and businessmen for the rapid deregulation of the economy as it reconverted to a civilian footing. Groups such as the National Association of Manufacturers and the National Retail Dry Good Association sought to guarantee companies a minimum amount of profits, thereby effectively limiting the price control measures. However, the OPA still enjoyed widespread popular support and the agency was renewed in 1944 and again in 1945. While these renewals were considerable successes for many consumer advocacy groups, they also marked the height of the OPA, from which the agency's power and popularity would decline in the next two years. By June 1946, significant opposition by NAM and NRDA had been mounted to sway Congress, which, only two days before the existing legislation was set to expire, passed a bill that would have left the OPA a much-weakened version of its past self. President Harry S. Truman vetoed this bill in hopes of forcing Congress to create a stronger one, but as the month of June came to an end, the OPA shut down, and its price and rent controls went with it. The result was a sharp jump in prices, with food increasing by 14 percent and the cost of overall living rising by 6 percent, an equivalent to more than 100 percent per year. Consumers all over the nation turned out in varying numbers to protest these increases, with labor unions forming a major part of the participants. By the end of July, Congress had reversed course and passed legislation reinstating the OPA and price controls, though this bill was no stronger than what President Truman had vetoed earlier. This much-weakened version of the OPA did not last long, as meat packers launched their own form of protest against the agency, slowing slaughtering rates and withholding meat from market. The resulting widespread shortages did much to damage the public faith in the OPA, which was now seen as ineffective, and the Democrat-led Congress. When faced with the choices of higher prices or no meat, the consumers chose the latter. Although President Truman ended price controls on meat, on October 14, just two weeks before the election, in a rejection of price controls and as a sign of the changing attitude of the American public towards a control-free re-conversion, many Democratic incumbents were defeated, and Republicans gained control of Congress. Following this defeat, Truman lifted almost all price and wage controls and, while the OPA was authorized to exist through June 30, 1947, its range of tasks and ability to effectively regulate prices was curtailed severely, being reduced to rent control and some price control over a very limited number of goods. Most functions of the OPA were transferred to the newly established Office of Temporary Controls (OTC) by Executive Order 9809, December 12, 1946. The Financial Reporting Division was transferred to the Federal Trade Commission. By the end of December 1946, many of OPA's local offices and price boards were closed, and the OPA did not survive until its authorized June 30 extension. The OPA was abolished effective May 29, 1947 by the General Liquidation Order, issued March 14, 1947, by the OPA Administrator. Some of its functions were taken up by successor agencies: Sugar and sugar products distribution by the Sugar Rationing Administration in the Department of Agriculture pursuant to the Sugar Control Extension Act (61 Stat. 36), March 31, 1947 Price controls over rice by the Department of Agriculture by Executive Order 9841, on April 23, 1947, effective May 4, 1947 Food subsidies by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, effective May 4, 1947 Rent control by the Office of the Housing Expediter, effective May 4, 1947 Price violation litigation by the Department of Justice, effective June 1, 1947 All other OPA functions by the Division of Liquidation, Department of Commerce, effective June 1, 1947. Famous employees include economist John Kenneth Galbraith, legal scholar William Prosser, President Richard Nixon, and law professor John Honnold. The OPA is featured, in fictionalized form as the Bureau of Price Regulation, in Rex Stout's Nero Wolfe mystery novel The Silent Speaker. The OPA unsuccessfully tried to revoke the car dealer license of unorthodox businessman Madman Muntz for violating used car regulations, subject to price control. Muntz was acquitted in Los Angeles Superior Court on 1 August 1945. During the Korean War, similar functions were performed by the Office of Price Stabilization (OPS). Women and the OPA The success of the OPA’s price controls and rationing policies depended on the support of women who acted as the main shoppers of their households, especially during wartime. Local community organizations, governments, and OPA boards held educational seminars aimed at women, targeted women to join local price and rationing boards, and recruited women for volunteer programs. Many women led local volunteer War Price and Rationing Boards that ensured adherence to stabilization policies through check-ins with stores to report businesses breaking the rules. Women involved with the OPA largely fell into two broad categories: those who were part of already organized groups, such as labor unions, women’s groups, and consumer groups, among others, often with agendas that aligned with OPA’s goals of price stabilization; and women not already part of organized groups, who came from diverse backgrounds. They used the OPA as a legally established and legitimate framework for organizing themselves. The OPA’s enlistment of women to ensure that local businesses were complying with federal policies extended the public sphere into the private sphere and the effective growth of “state supervision.” This resulted in a pseudo-militant attitude toward regulation and made it more difficult for politicians to curb the power of the OPA. The OPA worked with consumer activists in a “mutually empowering” and mutually reliant fashion to ensure the effectiveness of its policies and activists’ interests. Thus, a large swathe of consumer activists helped to ensure that businesses were compliant with its policies. Widespread support of the OPA came from the belief that the agency could help establish postwar prosperity. African Americans and the OPA Black consumer activists also were among those who supported the OPA, which gave them support from the federal government in fighting market discrimination. The OPA had a base of consumer support that included different socioeconomic classes and racial groups who supported the agency because of their belief it would bring about a postwar vision of “broad popular participation and consumer rights." The OPA worked to defend consumers from exploitation by businesses while also acting as a space for citizens to become involved in politics. Administrators of the office Leon Henderson, 1941–1942 Prentiss Marsh Brown, 1943 Chester Bliss Bowles, 1943–1946 OPA points OPA points are small vulcanized fibre red and blue ration tokens issued during World War II to make change for ration coupons. Approximately 1.1 billion red and 0.9 billion blue were produced, and even though many were collected and destroyed after the war, they are still quite common today. The red OPA points are a bit more common than the blue. Each token has two letters on it, and some people collect them by letter combination. Gallery See also Office of Economic Stabilization Stabilization Act of 1942 United States home front during World War II References Further reading Auerbach, Alfred. The OPA and Its Pricing Policies. New York: Fairchild, 1945. Bartels, Andrew H. The Office of Price Administration and the Legacy of the New Deal, 1939-1946. Public Historian, (1983) 5:3 pp. 5–29. JSTOR Bartels, Andrew H. The Politics of Price Control: The Office of Price Administration and the Dilemmas of Economic Stabilization, 1940-1946. (Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, 1980.) Galbraith, J. K. The Selection and Timing of Inflation Controls. Review of Economics and Statistics, (1941) 23:2 pp. 82–85. JSTOR Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Theory of Price Control. Boston, Harvard University Press, 1952. Galbraith, John Kenneth. A Life in Our Times: Memoirs. 1981. Hirsch, Julius. Price Control in the War Economy. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1943. Mansfield, Harvey. A Short History of OPA. Washington, 1947. Office of Temporary Controls. The Beginnings of OPA. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1947. Thompson, Victor A. The Regulatory Process in OPA Rationing. New York: King's Crown Press, 1950. Wilson, William Jerome, and Mabel Randolph. OPA Bibliography, 1940–1947. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1948. External links Records of the Office of Price Administration (OPA) Agencies of the United States government during World War II Price Administration Government agencies established in 1941 Price controls Regulation in the United States Token coins United States home front during World War II
毛里蒂（葡萄牙语：）是巴西塞阿拉州的一个市镇。总面积1111.856平方公里，总人口41384人，人口密度37.2人/平方公里。 参见 塞阿拉州市镇列表 参考 塞阿拉州市镇
尿频尿痛尿不尽是什么原因引发的？尿频是指单位时间内排尿次数增多，正常成人白天排尿四到六次，夜间零到二次，每次尿量二百到四百毫升，如超出本范围，则为尿频，本症多见于中老年男性。尿频尿痛尿不尽常见原因是炎症，尿道炎，膀胱炎，前列腺炎，外阴炎，肾盂肾炎等，结石，膀胱结，尿路结石等，肿瘤，膀胱癌，前列腺癌，尿道旁腺囊肿等，内分泌疾病，糖尿病，其他的因素有，饮水过多，精神紧张，气候寒冷，进食有利尿作用的食物等，鉴别诊断，生理性因饮水过多，精神紧张或气候寒冷时排尿次数增多属正常现象。特点是每次尿量不少，也没有伴随尿频，尿急等其他症状，病理性，多尿性尿频，排尿次数增多而每次尿量不少，全日总尿量增多。见于糖尿病，尿崩症，精神性多饮和急性肾衰竭的多尿期，炎症性尿频，尿频而每次尿量少，多伴有尿急和尿痛，尿液镜检可见炎性细胞。见于膀胱炎，尿道，前列腺炎和尿道旁腺炎等，神经性尿频，尿频而每次尿量少，不伴尿急尿痛，尿液镜检无炎性细胞。见于中枢及周围神经病变如癔症，神经源性膀胱，膀胱容量减少性尿频，表现为持续性尿频，药物治疗难以缓解，每次尿量少。见于膀胱占位性病变，妊娠子宫增大或卵巢囊肿等压迫膀胱，膀胱结核引起膀胱纤维性缩窄，尿道口周围病变，尿道口息肉，处女膜伞和尿道旁腺囊肿等刺激尿道口引起尿频。蛲虫爬至尿道口也可引起尿频，以女孩多见，尿不尽是指尿液不能完全排尽，滴沥不已或排尿后仍有尿意。多由肾，膀胱，尿道，前列腺等泌尿系统炎症刺激引起。对于经常性出现尿频尿急尿痛，为了缓解疾病症状，应该做到的就是要注意个人卫生，目的就是避免身体出现反复感染。当发现身体出现尿急尿频尿痛症状，应该做到的就是多休息，同时避免劳累，避免身体着凉。多喝水以增加尿量。多喝水以增加尿量也是缓解尿频尿急尿痛症状可以使用电放费，既可以冲洗和清洁尿道，还可以将药物代谢产物排除体外，降低药物毒性。
血清总胆红素偏高吃什么水果？血清总胆红素升高，要明确一下是显性黄疸还是隐性黄疸，一般的显性黄疸，需要进一步明确一下具体的原因，常见的有肝前性的因素，肝细胞性的因素，以及肝后性的因素，隐性黄疸，大多数和个人的生活饮食习惯有一定的关系，是不需要特殊治疗的，定期复查就可以了。胆红素是肝功能检查中十分重要的一项，如果总胆红素偏高，往往意味着肝细胞受损，导致肝功能代谢不正常，除了必要的治疗之外，还应注意饮食调理，因为通过饮食调理是可以改善肝功能异常。当肝功能恢复正常，总胆红素也会趋于正常。1、血清总胆红素偏高的患者平时应该多吃一些新鲜蔬菜水果，如萝卜、菠菜、花菜、苹果、葡萄、木瓜、山楂、橘子等，以补充人体所需的维生素，提高人体的免疫能力。2、血清总胆红素偏高的患者还应该多吃一些牛肉、猪瘦肉、鱼肉、鸡蛋、牛奶、豆浆等富含蛋白质的食物，这类食物可修复受损的肝细胞，促进肝细胞的再生，需要注意的是，食用肉类时，一定要适量而且最好不要采用油炸、烧烤的方式烹饪，容易上火，会加重肝脏的负担。3、血清总胆红素偏高的患者应该多吃一些燕麦、玉米、红薯、魔芋等富含膳食纤维的食物，这类食物能够促进消化，从而减轻肝脏的代谢负担。4、总胆红素偏高的患者应该多吃一些菌类食物，如木耳、蘑菇、平菇、鸡腿菇、海带等，这类食物能够增强人体的免疫能力并抑制癌症的发生。血清总胆红素偏高的患者，饮食调理对肝脏修复很有帮助，日常生活中要保证营养均衡，注意劳逸结合，多休息，多喝水，多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果，不要熬夜，戒烟忌酒，以免增加肝脏负担，养成良好的生活习惯，保持乐观的心态，对肝功能修复很有帮助。
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1944 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 1944. Democrats picked up four districts. Overview Delegation composition Results Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives: District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 District 5 District 6 District 7 District 8 District 9 District 10 District 11 District 12 District 13 District 14 District 15 District 16 District 17 District 18 District 19 District 20 District 21 District 22 District 23 See also 79th United States Congress Political party strength in California Political party strength in U.S. states 1944 United States House of Representatives elections References California Elections Page Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives External links California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present) RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions 1944 California United States House of Representatives