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《報告班長5》是一部1997年台灣電影,敘述1997年大專女兵在成功嶺集訓。 主要演員 天心 飾演 吳天心 李興文 飾演 丁浩 龐嘉綾 飾演 龐嘉綾 参考文献 軍教片 1997年臺灣電影作品
Gomen Bay or Baie Gomen is a bay in northwestern New Caledonia. It lies northwest of Chasseloup Bay and southeast of Ohland Bay. The village of Kaala Gomen lies near the bay. References Bays of New Caledonia
慢性盆腔炎症状怎么治疗?慢性盆腔炎是疾病中常见的一种,很多人都是对慢性盆腔炎这种疾病的认识存在着很多的不足,不知道应该怎么治疗慢性盆腔炎这种疾病,也不知道慢性盆腔炎的症状。所以,大家在平时应该多了解关于慢性盆腔炎的常识和知识,这样才能正确对待这种疾病的治疗。大家都知道慢性盆腔炎是日常生活中常见的疾病之一,但是很多人对慢性盆腔炎这种疾病并不是完全的了解,很多人在面对慢性盆腔炎的时候感到非常的茫然,不知道该怎么治疗才好,也不知道慢性盆腔炎的症状有哪些。其实慢性盆腔炎只要采取正规有效的治疗方法,很快就可以痊愈的。那么让我们来了解一下慢性盆腔炎的症状以及治疗方法。首先,我们来讲一下慢性盆腔炎的症状。慢性盆腔炎的症状主要有下腹部坠胀、疼痛及腰骶部酸痛的症状。有劳累、长时间站立、性交后及月经前后加剧的症状。慢性盆腔炎还会影响工作。出现白带增多、月经紊乱、经血量多痛经,性感不快的症状;盆腔淤血可致经量增多;卵巢功能损害,然后导致月经失调。有低热,易感疲倦的感觉。有些慢性盆腔炎的患者会出现神经衰弱症状,如精神不振、周身不适、失眠等症状。可以通过以下几种方法来治疗,第一种可以通过运动调养法,因为出现盆腔积液多由于盆腔炎症,免疫力和抵抗力的降低。长期保持适量的运动量有助于增强身体抵抗力和免疫力,身体的抗炎能力得以加强。从而,盆腔积液也随之慢慢好转。第二种可以通过物理调养法,在患上了盆腔炎的时候女性不要给自己压力,治疗盆腔炎采用这种治疗方式主要是促进血液循环,改善身体,然后促进吸收和消退。一般是用超短波、短波、离子透入、蜡疗等治疗。第三种是砭灸调养法,采用中医的调养方法,可以有效的治疗慢性盆腔炎。总而言之,如果发现慢性盆腔炎一定要及时的第一时间赶往医院进行治疗和诊断,查出导致慢性盆腔炎的原因有哪些,查处了一原因,就会更加方便治疗,积极配合医生的治疗,定时给身体做检查,这样慢慢的就可以恢复身体的健康。
盐酸培他司汀片的用法用量?注意:同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定,请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。每日2~4次,每次限1~2片,最大日量不得超过48mg。
孕妇白带增多发黄无异味是怎么回事?这种情况是阴道炎的存在是去医院做白带的常规检查,以确认诊断,看看是什么类型的阴道炎引起的,然后配合治疗,禁止治疗期间的性生活,避免交叉感染,是可以改善,发现怀孕期间阴道炎的症状应及时就医,以免你的胎儿健康迅速加剧。到正规医院进行阴道分泌物的常规检查,查明感染的病原体,选择敏感药物,选择使用药物的病原体差别很大,不要自行吸毒,滥用药物,使感染加重,或者感染升序羊膜引起的感染。妊娠期阴道炎应在产科医生和妇科医生的指导下使用,酌情用阴道外用药,避免孕妇使用药物。对于病变的外部使用,进入体内的药物量非常小,并且通常不会对胎儿造成伤害。如果怀孕,孕妇阴道分泌物增多,变黄,但无异味,多为正常生理现象,不需要太担心。这主要是由于怀孕后体内激素的明显变化引起的。简单的白带和黄变不会影响健康,但为了胎儿,你也可以去医院检查,这样你就可以安顿下来。由于分泌物增多注意健康,所以孕妇需要清洗外阴,每天用温水清洗外阴,避免使用消毒水,以免损伤阴道环境,换内裤,保持外阴干燥,清洁。保持心情愉快,怀有白带和黄变,可能是一些轻微的炎症,有些担心是可以理解的,但孕妈妈应该尽量保持心情愉快,不要让不良情绪影响胎儿的发育,及自己的病情治疗。保持良好的工作和休息时间表,每晚11:00前入睡,准时起床,不要熬夜,同时,饮食要注意清淡,少吃刺激性甜的食物,油腻,辛辣等,避免湿热,加重炎症,多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果,喝温水。如果白带发黄并伴有身体其他不适,孕妇应立即就医。医生会给出最好的治疗方案,并做好胎儿的工作,积极配合医生,避免疾病对胎儿的影响。
西山寺,位于中国广东省中山市石岐区西山公园内,始建于明朝嘉靖年间,咸丰六年(1856年)扩建。1990年12月,列入中山市文物保护单位。 西山寺的历史年代为明代。 参考文献 中山市文物保护单位
男人的阴茎有鱼腥味是什么原因?其实,男性下体异味,是男科疾病比较常见的一个症状,从根本上来说与致病菌的感染是有直接的关系的。如果致病菌感染到包皮,龟头,前列腺,阴囊等部位的话,都可能会诱发此病的出现,以下几种因素都可能会诱发这个症状的出现:一,部分男性朋友不注意个人生理卫生及性生活卫生,而阴茎长时间处于这个环境的话,很可能会诱发炎症感染,出现异味分泌物出现或者红斑红点的现象;二,一些年轻男孩儿,可能不知道手淫的危害。习惯性的频繁的手淫,致病菌很可能在这个过程中趁机进入男性生殖系统里边,导致炎症的出现,而下体异味就是男科炎症的典型症状;三,饮食上,如果经常吃辛辣刺激的食物,或者穿紧身衣服的话都可能会诱发此病,一旦致病菌形成,不是单纯靠水清洗就能解决的。温开水只有清洁的作用,没有杀菌的作用的,所以说清洗后还是会有异味的。男性外生殖器最显著的部分是阴茎,阴茎的皮肤薄而且可以移动。阴茎皮肤在阴茎处褶成双层,称为包皮。在7岁之前,包皮较长能完全包住阴茎头及尿道外口。随着青春期发育,阴茎体积增大并加长,包皮向后退缩,至成人时阴茎头露出。但是,约30%的成人包皮仍完全遮盖阴茎头,只有用手将包皮上翻或当阴茎充分勃起时,阴茎头和尿道口才能露出,这种情况称为包皮过长。当包皮过长、过紧、不能上翻或勃起时仍不能露出龟头和尿道口的,称为包茎,约占8%。包皮过长或包茎者,包皮皮脂腺会分泌出一种奇臭的白色分泌物,不易排出去,长期积存就会成为包皮垢;加上尿滴或精液的存留,易使细菌生长,造成阴茎头和包皮发生炎症,产生瘙痒。如果不注意清洗,除了可引起性交疼痛、包皮与龟头粘连外,还会妨碍夫妻性生活,甚至还可能发生阴茎癌。据统计,90%以上的阴茎癌是因包皮过长或包茎引起。此外,由于包皮垢长期刺激,若不注意清洗,局部皮肤组织防御功能会减退,也容易受到传染性病原体的感染。可见,养成清洗外生殖器的习惯,对男性来说,是十分重要的。
Hockey Club Saryarka (), commonly referred as Saryarka Karagandy, is a professional ice hockey team based in Karagandy, Kazakhstan. They Currently play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship. History Saryarka was formed on 25 July 2006 by the Karagandy Region Municipality and Regional Department of Physical Culture and Sports. The team name "Saryarka" comes from given name of the territory located in the central part of Kazakhstan. Season-by-season record This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by Saryarka Karagandy. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Saryarka Karagandy seasons. Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, OTW = Overtime/shootout wins, OTL = Overtime/shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against Achievements Bratina Cup Winner (1) 2014, 2019 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship: Winner (3): 2009–10, 2020–21, 2021–22 3rd place (2): 2010–11, 2011–12 Pervaya Liga – Siberia and Far East Zone Winner (1): 2007–08 Leaders Team captains Maxim Orlov 2011–12 Pavel Kanarsky 2012–13 Jan Homer 2013–14 Alexander Vasiliev 2014–15 Maxim Belyaev 2015-16 Smolyaninov Vitaly 2016-17 Ilya Antonovsky 2016-present Head coaches Galym Mambetaliyev 2006–08 Valeri Tushentsov 2008–09 Oleg Bolyakin 2009–11 Andrei Kirdyashov 2011–13 Evgeni Zinoviev 2013 Dusan Gregor 2013–14 Alexei Fetisov 2014 Leonids Tambijevs 2014–15 Andrei Potaichuk 2015 Vadim Epanchintsev 2015-17 Aleksandr Sokolov 2017 Dmitry Kramarenko 2017–present References External links Ice hockey teams in Kazakhstan Sport in Karaganda Ice hockey clubs established in 2006 2006 establishments in Kazakhstan
State Route 129 (SR 129) is a state highway that travels southeast-to-northwest through portions of Evans, Tattnall, and Candler counties in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It connects the towns of Claxton and Metter. Route description SR 129 begins just northwest of Fort Stewart, in rural Evans County, at an intersection with Old Hwy. 250 (former SR 250) and John Todd Road. The highway then heads northwest to an intersection with US 280/SR 30 (West Main Street) in Claxton, still within Evans County. It heads northwest to meet SR 169 and SR 169 Spur, north-northeast of Bellville. The highway continues to the northwest, cuts across the extreme northeastern corner of Tattnall County, and enters Candler County. SR 129 continues to the northwest and then curves to the north-northeast for just over , crossing over the Canoochee River along the way. After that, the highway heads northwest again for about . During this stretch, it crosses over, but does not have an interchange with, Interstate 16 (Jim Gillis Historic Savannah Parkway). The roadway turns northward into Metter. It continues to the north until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with SR 46 (East Broad Street). SR 129 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. Major intersections See also References External links Georgia Roads (Routes 121 - 140) 129 Transportation in Evans County, Georgia Transportation in Tattnall County, Georgia Transportation in Candler County, Georgia
The Annales florentini (Florentine annals, Italian Annali fiorentini) are the earliest annals of the medieval commune of Florence. They are written in Latin. There are two sets of annals overlapping in coverage: the Annales florentini primi covering the period 1110–1173 and the Annales florentini secundi covering 1107–1247. A later set covers the period 1288–1431. The Annales florentini primi constitute the earliest, tentative attempt to keep a yearly record of events in Florence. It was discovered on the back (verso) of the 91st folio of Codex 772 in the Vatican Palatine Library by the librarian, who brought it to the attention of scholars. It does not contain a record for every year between 1110 and 1173. There are only eighteen records in several different handwritings and not arranged chronologically. The writing is clearly from the twelfth century. The Annales florentini secundi date to the thirteenth century. There are 46 records between the years 1107 and 1247. They are found in a manuscript originating in the monastery of Santa Maria Novella, now No. 776 E. A. in the Suppressed Monasteries series of the Magliabecchian Library, now part of the National Library at Florence. This same manuscript contains a list of Florentine consuls and podestàs from 1196 to 1267. Notes Editions "Annales Florentini, a. 1110–1173". In Georg Heinrich Pertz, ed., MGH, Scriptores, vol. 19, pp. 223–224. Hanover: 1866. "Annales Florentini, 1288–1431". In Johannes F. Boehmer, ed., Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, vol. 4, pp. 672–86. Stuttgart: 1868. "Annales Florentini". In Otto Hartwig, ed., Quellen und Forschungen zur altesten Geschichte der Stadt Florenz, vol. 2. Marburg: 1880. History books about Florence Italian chronicles 12th-century history books 13th-century history books 14th-century history books 15th-century history books
Ulmarra is a small town on the south bank of the Clarence River in New South Wales, Australia in the Clarence Valley district. At the , Ulmarra had a population of 446 people. The town had the distinction of being the smallest local government area of New South Wales until 2000 when it amalgamated with the Nymboida Shire to form Pristine Waters Shire, which later merged with Copmanhurst, Grafton and Maclean Shires to become the Clarence Valley Council. Ulmarra's name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "Bend in the river". The Ulmarra Ferry is a vehicular cable ferry, which crosses the Clarence River from a point about north of Ulmarra, to Southgate on the north bank. References Towns in New South Wales Northern Rivers Clarence Valley Council
腹壁外侧包块 ,有固定压痛的原因是什么?(一)发病原因1.腹壁组织炎症、脓肿,或手术后,局部组织变性形成薄弱区。2.直接外伤。3.神经损伤使局部组织失去神经支持,抗腹压能力减低。解剖结构可分3层,第1层为腹外斜肌向内延长部分,在腹直肌中部和腹直肌前鞘融合;第2层为腹内斜肌腱膜,最厚,构成半月状线的主体,在半环状线上方参与构成腹直肌前后鞘;第3层为腹横肌向内移行的腱膜构成腹直肌后鞘。在此腱膜向腹直肌前后鞘移行区,由于某些原因形成缺损或间隙时,腹膜及内脏可由此脱出而形成疝。(二)发病机制半月线也称spigelian筋膜,由腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌、腹横肌腱膜组成,该筋膜的“范围”是指腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌和腹横肌与腹直肌外侧缘之间的区域,是腹壁的又一薄弱区域。spigelian筋膜略呈弧形,上起第9肋骨的前缘,下抵耻骨结节,宽约0.5~1.0cm,腹直肌鞘的外侧缘为其体表标志。当腹横肌腱膜断裂、或腹内斜肌腱膜和腹横肌腱膜断裂、或三者均断裂,则导致半月线部缺损,在腹内压增高的情况下,腹膜外脂肪或内脏通过半月线的缺损处突出而形成疝,腹内斜肌腱膜或腹外斜肌腱膜有时可保持完整,与皮下组织、皮肤一起形成疝的被盖(图3)。半月线疝是一种腹壁间疝,疝囊多在腹外斜肌腱膜的下面和腹横筋膜的前面。疝囊的前面常有一团脂肪覆盖,囊内可以不含任何内容物,也可含有大网膜和肠襻。半月线疝多发生于腹壁下血管以上、脐水平上下,尤其是半月线与半环线交叉处(脐与耻骨联合的中点水平)多见(图4)。半月线一般较小,因而发生嵌顿或绞窄的机会较多。1.症状 本病平素症状轻微,只有疝区的疼痛或坠胀感,且常因腹内压增加而加重。随着病程的推移,疼痛逐渐变得迟钝以及弥散,使诊断变得更为困难。如疝内容物为大网膜和肠襻时,可有深部疼痛。一旦发生嵌顿或绞窄后,疼痛会变得剧烈,并有恶心、呕吐等消化道症状。2.体征 腹壁外侧包块是主要体征。因半月线疝是一腹壁间疝,疝囊多在腹外斜肌腱膜的下面,其疝块形状多数扁平、直径很少超过2cm,体检时不易发现,但在其疝孔处多有固定压痛,有时伴上腹痛。对于疝块较小或已还纳难以触及者,可嘱其站立位、用力然后在膨隆突起部位按压,疝块可伴随着一声咕噜声而消失,并能触摸到疝环孔边缘。如果病人疝区的疼痛、腹壁包块能被证实,尤其按压疝块能还纳、并能触及疝环孔边缘,而且增加腹内压的手法可使疝区疼痛加重时,则诊断几乎没有什么困难。但由于缺损可能位于完整的腹外斜肌腱膜之下,疝块形状多数扁平、不易触摸到,或者包块位于距半月线有一定距离的部位,因而诊断常常比较困难。尽管单纯的疝孔处压痛并不足以做出诊断,但可提示其脱出部位(疝环或缺损所在位置),或多或少有助于诊断。B超和CT扫描可能有助于明确诊断。
颈部甲状腺肿大症状?甲状腺肿大的常见症状:一、甲状腺肿大出现时,他本人和其他人都看不到它,没有明显的疼痛或压痛。触诊时的震颤(或猫型哮喘)在甲亢中很常见。这个简单的甲状腺肿非常重要,已经失去了原来的形状。局部甲状腺腺瘤或囊肿等,仅见单个或几个结节,对甲状腺整体形态影响不大。二、一般情况下,甲状腺肿大,患者颈部有橡胶样肿块,但有些肿块相对较硬,如慢性胶质甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤等,硬度略高于正常甲状腺;甲状腺肿瘤坚硬,但有弹性;慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,甲状腺囊肿,亚急性非化脓性甲状腺炎,硬实性;甲状腺癌和慢性侵袭性纤维状甲状腺炎,硬如石,也有软甲状腺癌。三、针对甲状腺肿大的特点,专家指出甲状腺肿表面光滑,但甲状腺癌表面不均匀,慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的表面有小结节。甲状腺肿瘤,甲状腺囊肿,可以有一个或多个结节,大小不同。四、甲状腺肿大具有很强的移动性,可以跟随病人颈部的运动。这意味着甲状腺肿阻滞与周围无粘连,可在单纯性甲状腺肿、甲亢、甲状腺肿瘤或囊肿中发现。没有运动表明它与周围组织的粘附,或肿瘤的浸润。常见于慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎、甲状腺癌等。甲状腺肿大预防方法:1、如果你长时间吃卷心菜、油菜、木薯、核桃、豆类食品或萝卜,你应该改变你的饮食习惯,不要吃或少吃这种食物。2、如果甲状腺变小或甲状腺肿消失,甲状腺肿与这种饮食有关。3、在你的饮食中多吃一些碘含量高的食物,并观察一段时间。之后,如果甲状腺肿缩小,这种措施是有效的。如果甲状腺肿不缩小,应该考虑其他方法,最好去医院听听医生的建议。单纯性甲状腺肿应注重预防,特别是地方性甲状腺肿。食盐加碘是一种有效的预防方法。近年来,碘化油肌肉注射的应用也取得了良好的预防效果。青春期的大多数甲状腺肿都可以自行消退。已形成甲状腺肿者可采用甲状腺制剂治疗,如有压迫症状或影响外观或生命,手术治疗是可行的。
肾血管畸形的治疗和预防方法?1.随防观察绝大多数先天性肾血管畸形或受压的病人如无临床症状,不必治疗。但是必须长期随防观察,一旦出现严重的脏器功能受损需及时治疗。2.对于后天因素所至的肾血管畸形与压迫应积极治疗原发病,以解除压迫,改善病情,预防各种并发症的发生。
Zephaniah Marryat (1684–1754) was an English Nonconformist minister. He was a strict Calvinist. Career Marryat was a tutor at dissenting academies funded by the King's Head Society. Between 1743 and 1744 he was a tutor at Stepney Academy; he then taught at Plaisterer's Hall Academy. At Plaisterer's Hall, he was the educator of Robert Robinson and Thomas Williams. Joseph Priestley was also sent to him, but Priestley 'resolutely opposed' the condition of subscribing every six months to 'ten printed articles of the strictest Calvinistic faith.' After Zephaniah Marryat suddenly died, John Conder filled his place as theological tutor in this academy, while Samuel Pike succeeded him as one of the Tuesday lecturers at Pinners' Hall. Personal life He was the father of Thomas Marryat. References Further reading Marryat, Zephaniah, D.D., in the Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature 1684 births 1754 deaths English Presbyterian ministers Dissenting academy tutors 18th-century English Presbyterian ministers
小儿白塞病吃什么好?食疗:1)外敷:选干地龙10条,吴茱萸1.8克,共研末,和面粉少许,用醋调成糊状,敷两足心包扎,日两次。2)蛋液:鸡蛋壳10克,延胡荣3克,共研细末。日2次,每次3克。饮食原则以清淡为宜,少量多餐,花样多变,高热量、高蛋白、高维生素易消化无渣流质饮食,多食赤小豆、绿豆、西瓜、冬瓜、苡米以及新鲜蔬菜、水果等,并注意少食狗肉、牛肉、羊肉、及油炸、肥厚、辛辣刺激食品,以免化燥助热。尽量不要喝酒。在口腔溃疡期给予流质饮食,如牛奶、肉汤等,避免过硬、过热及刺激性食物,以免损伤或加重口腔溃疡而引起疼痛,应鼓励患者少量慢食,增加营养,增强体质,促进恢复。
祖瑟尔(,)是比利时弗拉芒大區安特衛普省安特衛普區的一个市镇,通行荷蘭語,是弗拉芒社群的一部分,面积38.65平方千米,人口人()。 参考文献 外部链接 安特卫普省市镇
Always-already is a philosophical term regarding the perception of phenomena by the mind of an observer. The features of a phenomenon that seem to precede any perception of it are said to be "always already" present. Development "Always already" literally translates the German phrase immer schon that appears prominently in several 20th century philosophical works, notably Martin Heidegger's Being and Time. The phrase is not specific to philosophy in German, but refers to an action or condition that has continued without any identifiable beginning. Heidegger used the phrase routinely to indicate that Dasein, the human experience of existence, has no beginning apart from the world in which one exists, but is produced in it and by it. Heidegger's influence allowed French and subsequent English thinkers to accept the phrase's literal translation. In the Marxist tradition, Louis Althusser observed that "individuals are always-already subjects" within an ideological structure before they perceive themselves as such—indeed, even before birth. During the late 20th century the term spread into various areas of philosophical discourse that include literary theory, hermeneutics and deconstruction. See also A priori and a posteriori Hauntology Noumenon Facticity Thrownness References Tore Langholz, Das Problem des »immer schon« in Derridas Schriftphilosophie, Vienna 2016: Passagen. A priori Concepts in epistemology Concepts in metaphysics Concepts in the philosophy of mind Deconstruction Existentialist concepts German philosophy Hermeneutics Interpretation (philosophy) Literary theory Martin Heidegger Ontology Philosophy of perception Phenomenology Post-structuralism
David McLean (3 February 1884 – 14 February 1951) was a Scottish association footballer and manager. McLean played as a Winger. Player McLean was born in Buckhaven, Fife. He played for Buckhaven United, Cambuslang Rangers, Celtic, Ayr United and Cowdenbeath. He first joined East Fife in 1911 as player-manager. Manager East Fife and Bristol Rovers After joining East Fife as player manager he led them to victory in the Scottish Qualifying Cup Final in 1920-21. East Fife were admitted to the Scottish Football League in 1921 and reached the 1927 Scottish Cup Final. McLean was appointed manager of Bristol Rovers in 1929. He left after just over a year. He and returned to East Fife in 1931. McLean led them to victory over Kilmarnock in the 1938 Scottish Cup Final. Heart of Midlothian Hearts appointed McLean manager on a five-year contract in June 1941. He played a significant role in rebuilding the club during the Second World War. The first seeds of the Tommy Walker managerial success at Hearts were sown by McLean. On 9 October 1948, after a mediocre start to the 1948–49 season McLean combined three young forwards, Jimmy Wardhaugh, Willie Bauld and Alfie Conn Sr., for the first time. They became dubbed the Terrible Trio and scored over 900 Hearts goals between them (Wardhaugh 376, Bauld 355, Conn 221). A few weeks later in December 1948, Tommy Walker left during his third season at Chelsea to return to Hearts. He took the role of player-assistant to McLean, whose intention was that Walker would be a steadying influence in a developing young team. However, after a single appearance at right-half in a 1–0 home defeat by Dundee, Walker retired to concentrate fully on learning the managerial ropes. Tangible progress was made in the League Championship in 1949-50 when Hearts finished third. As Walker had become more influential, McLean was co-opted to the board on 16 March 1950. McLean's death on 14 February 1951 saw Walker promoted to the position of manager; his reign was to prove the most successful period in the club's history. Walker was always quick to acknowledge the contribution made by McLean and his fatherly interest in the welfare and development of the players. The important foundations Walker inherited from McLean included the Terrible Trio forwards, the full back pair of Bobby Parker and Tam McKenzie and half backs Bobby Dougan and Davie Laing. References 1884 births 1951 deaths Men's association football wingers Scottish men's footballers Cambuslang Rangers F.C. players Celtic F.C. players Ayr United F.C. players Cowdenbeath F.C. players East Fife F.C. players Scottish Football League players Scottish football managers East Fife F.C. managers Bristol Rovers F.C. managers Heart of Midlothian F.C. managers English Football League managers Scottish Football League managers People from Buckhaven Footballers from Fife Scottish Junior Football Association players
CanDo4Kids is South Australia's oldest charity and works directly with children and young adults with sensory impairment disabilities, such as blindness and deafness, by focusing on what children "can do" and helping them to reach their full potential. Formerly known as Townsend House, the charity was founded in 1874 by William Townsend MP, who, after two terms in office as Mayor of Adelaide, set about fulfilling his ambition to establish a "Blind Asylum in the City of Adelaide". Services CanDo4Kids offers services to children and young adults including: Speech Pathology, Early Intervention, Occupational Therapy, Family Support, Assistive Technology, Youth work, Recreation Auditory Processing Disorder intervention, Auditory Verbal Therapy, Mentor Programs and Counselling. All services are provided free of charge to children and young adults who are deaf, blind or who have a sensory impairment. CanDo4Kids works with more than 800 children and young adults (up to 25 years) and their families, and has expanded its work with a 300 per cent increase in services to the community since 2002. Funding for CanDo4Kids is raised through sponsorship, donations, bequests, grants, lotteries, events and property development, with 30 per cent of overall funding coming from the Government. CanDo4Kids is an affiliated with Charity Direct, an organisation that promotes ethical fund raising behaviour. CanDo4Kids' sister organisation is Deaf CanDo and both organisations are managed by parent organisation CanDo Group Charities. Deaf CanDo is the State's second oldest charity and provides services and programs which help the Deaf community. History Founded in 1874 as the South Australian Institution for the Blind, Deaf and Dumb (Incorporated), later changed to Townsend House, the charity opened its doors to five blind and two deaf students, beginning a commitment that continues today. William Townsend, the founder, was the chairman of its committee from 1875 until his death in 1882. References External links CanDo4Kids website Organizations established in 1874 Medical and health organisations based in South Australia Organisations based in Adelaide Blindness organisations in Australia Children's charities based in Australia Deafness charities Blindness charities 1874 establishments in Australia Disability organisations based in Australia
戴爾布魯克()是一個位於美國緬因州阿魯斯圖克縣的市鎮。 人口 根據2020年美國人口普查的數據,戴爾布魯克的面積為99.77平方千米,當中陸地面積為99.74平方千米,而水域面積為0.03平方千米。當地共有人口215人,而人口密度為每平方千米2人。 參考文獻 緬因州市鎮 阿魯斯圖克縣市鎮 (緬因州)
Lizandro Enmanuel Claros Saravia (born 25 January 1998) is a Salvadoran professional footballer who plays as a defender for Primera División club FAS and the El Salvador national team. Career He was deported from the United States to El Salvador. Claros started his career with Salvadoran side Independiente (El Salvador). References External links Salvadoran men's footballers Living people 1998 births Men's association football defenders People from Usulután Department C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers C.D. Águila footballers El Salvador men's international footballers
Alexander R. MacEwen (1851–1916) was Scottish writer, minister, professor and Moderator of the United Free Church of Scotland. Life He was born on 14 May 1856 at Edinburgh and was the son of Rev. Alexander MacEwen D.D., and Elisa Robertson. His childhood was spent in Helensburgh (1851–56) and he was then educated at Glasgow Academy (1856–66). He graduated M.A. at University of Glasgow in 1870, and was subsequently awarded B.D. (1879), and D.D. (1892). He attended Balliol College, Oxford (1870–74) and graduated M.A. in 1874. He spent a summer semester at University of Göttingen in 1877 and attended U.P. College, Edinburgh (1877–80). On 29 January 1885, he married Margaret Jane Begg of Moffat, and they had two sons. He travelled widely and visited Greece in 1883 and journeyed through Sinai and Palestine in 1892, writing many letters home about his experiences. He died in Edinburgh on 26 November 1916 and was buried with his wife, Margaret Jane Begg (d.1929), on the eastern corner of the south-west section of Dean Cemetery. The grave is marked by a simple stone cross. Career 1875-7 – Assistant to George Gilbert Ramsay (1863–1906), Professor of Humanity at Glasgow University; 1879 – Student missionary at United Presbyterian Church of Scotland at Colson Street, Leith Walk, Edinburgh; May 1880 – Licensed by U.P. Presbytery of Glasgow; Dec 1880 – Ordinated and inducted at Moffat U.P. Church; 1881-4 – Classical Examiner for Degrees at Glasgow University; Sep 1886 – Transferred to Glasgow Anderston U.P. Church; Oct 1889 – Transferred to Glasgow Claremount U.P. Church; May 1901 – Professor of Church history, New College, University of Edinburgh; Deputy Professor of Greek; Assistant Professor of Latin; 1912 – Lecturer in Church history, Westminster College, Vancouver, Canada; 1915 – Moderator of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland. Official appointments Chairman of Moffat School Board; Member of Glasgow School Board; Governor of Hutcheson's Schools; Secretary of Christian Unity Association; President of Scottish History Society; director of other trusts and societies; educational, charitable, and religious Publications Classical The Origin and Growth of the Roman Satiric Poetry. [Arnold Prize]. Oxford: T. Shrimpton and Son, 1877. St Jerome, 1878; The Eastern Church in Greece, 1890; A History of the Church in Scotland. Vols. I, II. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1913–1918. Biographies Sermons by Alexander MacEwen D.D., (1822–1874); edited by his son, with a memoir. Glasgow: James MacLehose, 1877. Life and letters of John Cairns, D.D., LL.D. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1895. The Erskines. (Ebenezer Erskine and Ralph Erskine). Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1900, ("Famous Scots Series") Antoinette Bourignon, Quietist. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1910. Sermons and lectures The dangers of professional training: an address given to the Glasgow branch of the Educational Institute of Scotland on 16 November 1889. Glasgow : Robert Maclehose, 1889. The distress of nations : a sermon preached in Claremont Church, 17 January 1892, on the occasion of the death of H.R.H. the Duke of Clarence and Avondale. Glasgow : James MacLehose & Sons, 1892. A sermon on the death of the Right Hon. W.E. Gladstone: preached in Claremont Church on 22 May 1898. Glasgow : James MacLehose and Sons, 1898. A sermon on union with the Free Church: preached in Claremont Church on 25 September 1898. Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1899. The Province of Church History: introductory lecture delivered on 16 October 1901. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace, 1901. various articles and reviews Sources The Fasti of the United Free Church of Scotland, 1900–1929. Edited by the Rev. John Alexander Lamb. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd, 1956. p. 579. Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 MacEwen, Dr Alexander R., (1851–26 Nov. 1916), Moderator, General Assembly, United Free Church, 1915; Professor of Church History, New College, Edinburgh, since 1901 A roll of the graduates of the University of Glasgow, from 1727 to 1897 : with short biographical notes / compiled by W. Innes Addison. Glasgow : MacLehose, 1898.University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of Alexander Robertson MacEwen Dean 2g Cemetery, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland indexed by Gravestone Photographic Resource Project David Smith Cairns (1862–1946),Life and times of Alexander Robertson MacEwen, D.D., Professor of Church History, New College, Edinburgh. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1925. Glasgow University Library catalogue: University of Glasgow - MyGlasgow - Library - Specific search - Quicksearch References External links 1856 births 1916 deaths Clergy from Edinburgh Scottish biographers 19th-century Scottish historians Academics from Edinburgh Burials at the Dean Cemetery People educated at the Glasgow Academy Alumni of the University of Glasgow Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford 20th-century Scottish historians Historians of Christianity Academics of the University of Edinburgh Scottish classical scholars Academics of the University of Glasgow Scottish religious writers British historians of religion Writers from Edinburgh Ministers of the United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)
小儿库欣综合征的护理是什么?皮质醇增多症多由垂体腺瘤引起肾上腺皮质增生或肾上腺肿瘤使皮质醇分泌过量所致,确诊本病后,应根据不同病因,给予适当治疗。临床应重视医源性库欣综合征的预防,各种疾病采用大量糖皮质激素治疗时,应设计合理治疗方案,病情缓解时应逐渐合理减少药量。
鸡眼手术切除会复发吗?鸡眼是我们皮肤科的一个常见病,也是很多人会得的一个毛病,人们常常把脚上长的东西,都叫鸡眼,都认为是鸡眼,实际上这个脚上长的东西,有三个东西,一个就是鸡眼,鸡眼是由于受机械刺激,就是说我们穿了挤的鞋,带高跟的鞋,造成了受摩擦的部位,就出现了一个圆形的,像鸡的眼睛一样的一个增生,如果压迫的时候,这个会比较痛,如果晚上睡觉,把脚放开的时候,它就不怎么痛了,这个是鸡眼。鸡眼切除手术是很容易复发的,鸡眼是一种局限性圆锥状角质增生物,尖端深入皮内,基底露于表面,同时要求病人穿合适的软底鞋,鞋内衬柔软的鞋垫,减少摩擦和挤压。平时饮食注意清淡,少吃辛辣食物。而且,通常女性的复发率都比男性高,主要跟女性有些鞋子会为了样式的新穎、造型的美观而忽略了人体的舒适性,造成脚趾出现扭曲、外翻或不当的受力而压出鸡眼,常常需要穿着高跟鞋的上班族当然也是好发的人群,过去流行尖头鞋的时候,许多将脚趾头挤在狹窄的尖头鞋里,长时间下来,自然会在脚底某处形成厚茧,若不去理会它还会一直往皮肤內长形成一个硬块,走起路来就会出现疼痛,行走困难,有时还会因怕某处鸡眼疼痛而导致脚底其他部位的受压而形成多处的鸡眼,影响步行。就算是做了手术,术后仍然穿着这些鞋子非常容易复发。鸡眼这种疾病对患者的身体健康和正常生活带来一定的影响,有时候患者通过手术治疗这种疾病,当患者鸡眼手术的时候一定要注意患处的保健工作,要注意保持皮肤的清洁干燥,同时要注意休息,避免手术部位的摩擦,要定期到医院进行清洗换药。
Dobrzyń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubsza, within Brzeg County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Lubsza, south-west of Brzeg, and north-west of the regional capital Opole. References Villages in Brzeg County
圣庞加爵塔(Torre di San Pancrazio)是意大利撒丁岛首府卡利亚里的一座中世纪塔楼,位于该市古老的城堡区。 圣庞加爵塔建于1305年,比萨统治期间,设计者为撒丁岛建筑师乔万尼·卡普拉,他在两年后设计了大象塔。该塔是抵御摩尔人和热那亚的袭击的城墙的一部分。该塔用白色石灰石建造,墙壁厚达3米。它有一个门,与大象塔的门同为城堡的主要入口。 在阿拉贡统治时期,圣庞加爵塔曾被改建为监狱。 参考 卡利亚里
《陷落原始地》(),美國科幻電視劇集,2021年9月28日在NBC首播。故事講述洛杉磯拉布雷亞瀝青坑及威尔希尔大道突然地陷,數以百計的民眾、他們的汽車及數幢樓房(包括彼得森汽車博物館)掉進沉洞之中。幸存者發覺自己身處原始及詭異的世界,需要合作才可以生存下去。主軸跟隨一個家庭(父母兒女),在他們失散之後團聚的經歷。 演員列表 飾演 Eve Harris,直升機母親。 約恩·麥肯 飾演 Gavin Harris,Eve Harris的丈夫、前軍事飛行員。 飾演 Ty Coleman,治療師、Eve Harris的朋友。 參考資料 外部連結 2021年開播的美國電視影集 2020年代美國電視劇 英语电视节目 古生物題材作品 洛杉磯背景電視節目 美國驚悚電視劇
恶性子宫肌瘤怎么治最好?女性如果出现了妇科炎症,一定要进行有效的治疗,到正规医院进行身体检查,根据患者的病情不同,进行合理的诊治,如果出现了恶性子宫肌瘤的现象,应该及时的通过手术的方法将肌瘤部位摘除,可以有效的避免出现疾病扩散的现象,对女性的身体健康也是非常好的,恶性子宫肌瘤的患者在治疗疾病期间,应该有一个好的生活规律和心理状态。恶性子宫肌瘤的患者的症状比较明显,会导致阴道不规则流血的产生,也可能会引起水样或者粘稠状分泌物的产生,应该及时到医院进行检查,根据病因的不同进行有效的治疗,避免出现其他部位的感染。恶性子宫肌瘤在治疗的时候最有效的方法就是手术治疗,只有通过手术将肌瘤切除后患者的病情才会得到控制,在做完切除手术后还需要做化疗,而化疗它的主要目的就是为了彻底的杀死残留的病菌。恶性子宫肌瘤的治疗方法是比较多的,一般都是通过使用手术的方法进行切除,治疗效果都是比较好的,病情比较严重的情况下,可以将整个子宫完全切除,有效的预防癌变的现象,促进女性的身心健康。很多患者出现了恶性子宫肌瘤的现象,可以选择使用腹腔镜手术的方法进行治疗,可以将肌瘤的部位摘除,这样可以有效的缓解病情,在治疗疾病的过程中,应该多注意休息,平时也应该注意合理的饮食安排。注意事项:恶性子宫肌瘤的症状比较明显,对女性的影响也是非常大的,最好应该进行有效的治疗,平时应该多注意身体方面的护理,尽量多吃一些补血的食品,一定要饮食清淡,可以使身体早日恢复健康。
FM 103 may refer to: Mast FM 103, a Pakistani radio channel Farm to Market Road 103
House of Miracles is the second studio album by American contemporary worship musician Brandon Lake. Bethel Music released the album on August 28, 2020. The album contains guest appearances by Tasha Cobbs Leonard and Sarah Reeves. The album was produced by David Leonard, Jacob Sooter, and Lael. The album was supported by the release of "I Need a Ghost", "Just Like Heaven" and "Gratitude" as singles. "I Need a Ghost" peaked at number 27 on the US Christian Airplay chart. "Just Like Heaven" peaked at number 36 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart. "Gratitude" peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart. The album peaked at number six on the US Top Christian Albums chart. Background House of Miracles is Brandon Lake's debut solo project with Bethel Music, having joined the label in 2019. Lake stated that theme of the album was drawn from his divine calling that his family was embracing, saying: In an interview with American Songwriter, Lake further explained that the heart behind the album was to remind the listener that experiencing the presence of God transcends the church setting, saying, “He also wants you to become a house of miracles, by the things that you say and the way that you live, you too can experience that.” Lake also noted the contrast of instrumentation of the lead single "I Need a Ghost" with the other songs of the album, describing it as an to the dynamic aspects of a personal relationship with God which encompasses different emotions and conversations, and exploring the different facets of God. Release and promotion Singles On July 24, 2020, Lake released a new single titled "I Need a Ghost", as the lead single to his second studio album, House of Miracles, slated to be released in summer. "I Need a Ghost" peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Christian Airplay chart. On August 14, 2020, Lake released "Just Like Heaven" as the second single from House of Miracles. "Just Like Heaven" peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart. The radio version of "Gratitude" was released on June 3, 2022, making it the third single from the album. "Gratitude" peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart. Promotional singles "House of Miracles" was released on August 24, 2020, as the first promotional single from the album. Critical reception Jonathan Andre in his 365 Days of Inspiring Media review opined that House of Miracles is "one of the most vulnerable, honest, emotional and inspiring worship albums all year." Timothy Yap of JubileeCast praised the album, saying, "It's diverse enough that it has the ability to reach people of variegated musical tastes." Yap recommended the album to listeners who prefer "worship music that has sliver of ruggedness and rawness." Rob Allwright, reviewing for One Man In The Middle, said "I think this album is very much a testimony to Brandon's talents to pull this together and be able to write with a huge variety of people and to infuse the songs with a huge amount of passion and sensitivity as he delivers the lyrics." Commercial performance In the United States, House of Miracles debuted at number 22 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart dated September 12, 2020. Track listing Songwriting credits adapted from PraiseCharts. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References External links 2020 albums Brandon Lake albums
法羅群島超級盃()是法羅群島一項足球盃賽賽事,成立於2007年。參賽球隊為上一个赛季的法羅群島足球超級聯賽冠軍和法羅群島盃冠軍,假若兩項冠軍均為同一隊,則會由聯賽亞軍出賽。 歷屆決賽 球會成績 參考 外部連結 官方網站 法羅群島足球 超級盃 2007年建立的週期性體育事件
David Wilson Beaubier (May 2, 1864 in St. Mary's, Province of CanadaSeptember 1, 1938) was a Canadian politician. Beaubier ran in the elections of 1925 and 1926 but lost both to Robert Forke. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1930 election as a Member of the historical Conservative Party for the riding of Brandon. He was re-elected in 1935. Prior to his federal political experience, he was a Lieutenant-Colonel during World War I in which he led the 181st Battalion, CEF into England in 1916. External links 1864 births 1938 deaths Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Amanda Coetzer was the defending champion, but did not compete this year. Barbara Rittner won the title by defeating Klára Koukalová 6–3, 6–2 in the final. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References External links Official results archive (ITF) Official results archive (WTA) Belgian Open (tennis) TennisCup Vlaanderen
弱精症怎么治疗有效?很多弱精是导致男性不育常见的因素之一,首先要明确导致少弱精的原因,再针对治疗。类型中医观点:一、肾阳不足,精液寒凝型症状:精液不液化,或化而不全,内有凝块或胶冻样块;阴囊及睾丸发凉或冷感;腰膝酸软,畏寒肢冷。舌质淡苔薄白,脉沉迟或沉弦或细弱。二、肾气不足型症状:精子活力低下,或死精子率40%;举阳不坚,射精无力;早泄,遗精,性欲淡漠;腰膝酸软,疲乏无力;头晕耳鸣,畏寒肢;自汗淋漓,小便清长。舌淡苔白,脉沉弱。三、血瘀清淤,稠厚不化型症状:精液不液化,小腹及会阴部有固定性疼痛或隐痛;肝肿大或脾肿大。舌质紫暗,或有瘀点或瘀斑,脉涩。四、气血两虚型症状:精子活力低下,或精子死亡率40%;性欲淡漠,举阳不坚;形体瘦弱,面色萎黄,神疲乏力,食少腹胀,气短便溏;心悸健忘,头晕自汗。舌淡苔白,或舌质淡胖,边有齿痕,脉沉细无力。五、肝郁血瘀型症状:精子死亡率高,或精子活力低下;会阴部或少腹刺痛;面色灰黯,口唇色紫;胸胁胀痛,抑郁善怒;耳鸣耳闭。舌质紫黯,脉弦,或涩滞不畅。六、湿热下注型症状:阴茎温热弛长,勃起不坚;阴囊湿热,口苦粘腻不爽,渴不欲饮;小便热赤涩痛。舌质红苔黄腻,脉滑数。精子的运动功能或运动能力的强弱直接关系到人类的生殖,只有正常作前向运动的精子才能确保精子抵达输卵管壶腹部与卵子结合形成受精卵。正常离体后的精子,在精液液化前,活动受限制,一旦精液液化,即刻表现出良好的运动能力,如果因某种因素影响精子的运动功能,特别是作前向运动,这将使精子在最佳时间内无法游到卵子所在位置,受精亦不可能发生。希望弱精的朋友,平时要注意运动,适当的运动对活力提升也有帮助。禁止吸烟喝酒。平时注意作息规律,不要熬夜,不要长时间玩手机电脑,远离辐射,注意补充锌、硒等微量元素。
老年人神经衰弱吃什么?在忙碌的现代生活中,很多人都有精神衰弱的毛病,也经常为了晚上失眠,白天无精打采而困扰。相比于药物治疗,食疗不但安全,而且也比较方便。神经衰弱是中老年比较常得的一种疾病,往往是由于过于紧张和工作过于劳累引起的,这并不是一时间能产生的,而是长时间引发的,给中老年的身心健康造成很大的伤害,患者应早期做好防治工作。老年人神经衰弱吃以下几种食物:1.香蕉被称为“快乐食品”是有一定原因的。香蕉内富含一种可以使人心情放松、降低不快感的物质,且可以提高人体免疫力,对心血管疾病也是有好处的。2.大枣在民间常作补血食品,能益气、养心、安神。大枣可以养心脾、安神志,缓解神经衰弱引起的惊悸怔忡、健忘恍惚、精神不宁等症状。神经衰弱吃什么水果,经常服食大枣,对于神经衰弱的康复大有益处。3.桂圆;又称龙眼,具有补血安神、益脑力之功效,是滋补健脑佳品,尤其适宜思虑过度、心神失养引起的神经衰弱、健忘失眠、心慌心跳、头晕乏力等人食用。神经衰弱吃什么水果,可以吃桂圆,它能调整大脑皮层功能,改善甚至消除失眠、健忘症状与增强记忆力。4.苹果不但可以提高记忆力,还可以很好的改善失眠。有“记忆果”“智慧果”之称。5.葡萄含有大量的维生素,以及人体所需的是多种氨基酸与多量果酸。对于神经衰弱患者来说,葡萄是上上之选。老年人要多吃维生素B族、此外还可以多吃富含脂类的食物:如肝、鱼类、蛋黄、黄油、大豆、玉米、羊脑、猪脑、芝麻油、花生及核桃等。富含蛋白质的一些食物:如瘦猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、牛奶、鸡、鸭、鱼、蛋及豆制品等。富含糖的食物:因失眠而导致神经衰弱的患者首先要解决失眠问题,因此,患者可多吃含糖的物质,如白糖、红糖、蜂蜜、甘蔗、萝卜、大米、面粉、红薯、大枣、甜菜及水果等。
霍夫曼編碼(),又譯為哈夫曼编码、赫夫曼编码,是一種用於无损数据压缩的熵編碼(權編碼)演算法。由美國計算機科學家大衛·霍夫曼()在1952年發明。 簡介 在计算机资讯处理中,霍夫曼編碼使用變長編碼表對源符號(如文件中的一個字母)進行編碼,其中變長編碼表是通過一種評估來源符號出現機率的方法得到的,出現機率高的字母使用較短的編碼,反之出現機率低的則使用較長的編碼,這便使編碼之後的字符串的平均長度、期望值降低,從而達到無損壓縮數據的目的。 例如,在英文中,e的出現機率最高,而z的出現機率則最低。當利用霍夫曼編碼對一篇英文文章進行壓縮時,e極有可能用一個位元來表示,而z則可能花去25個位元(不是26)。用普通的表示方法時,每個英文字母均占用一個字節,即8個位元。二者相比,e使用了一般編碼的1/8的長度,z則使用了3倍多。倘若我們能實現對於英文中各個字母出現機率的較準確的估算,就可以大幅度提高無損壓縮的比例。 霍夫曼樹又稱最優二叉樹,是一種帶權路徑長度最短的二叉樹。所謂樹的帶權路徑長度,就是樹中所有的葉結點的權值乘上其到根結點的路徑長度(若根結點爲0層,葉結點到根結點的路徑長度爲葉結點的層數)。樹的路徑長度是從樹根到每一結點的路徑長度之和,記爲WPL=(W1*L1+W2*L2+W3*L3+...+Wn*Ln),N個權值Wi(i=1,2,...n)構成一棵有N個葉結點的二叉樹,相應的葉結點的路徑長度爲Li(i=1,2,...n)。可以證明霍夫曼樹的WPL是最小的。 歷史 1951年,霍夫曼在麻省理工學院(MIT)攻讀博士學位,他和修讀信息論課程的同學得選擇是完成學期報告還是期末考試。導師羅伯特·法諾(Robert Fano)出的學期報告題目是:尋找最有效的二進制編碼。由於無法證明哪個已有編碼是最有效的,霍夫曼放棄對已有編碼的研究,轉向新的探索,最終發現了基於有序頻率二叉樹編碼的想法,並很快證明了這個方法是最有效的。霍夫曼使用自底向上的方法構建二叉樹,避免了次優算法香農-范諾編碼(Shannon–Fano coding)的最大弊端──自頂向下構建樹。 1952年,於論文《一種構建極小多餘編碼的方法》()中發表了這個編碼方法。 問題定義與解法 廣義 給定 一組符號(Symbol)和其對應的權重值(weight),其權重通常表示成-{zh-cn:概率;zh-tw:機率;}-(%)。 欲知 一組二元的前置碼,其二元碼的長度為最短。 狹義 輸入 符號集合,其S集合的大小為。 權重集合,其W集合不為負數且。 輸出 一組編碼,其C集合是一組二進制編碼且為相對應的編碼,。 目標 設為的加權的路徑長,對所有編碼,則 範例 霍夫曼樹常處理符號編寫工作。根據整組資料中符號出現的頻率高低,決定如何給符號編碼。如果符號出現的頻率越高,則給符號的碼越短,相反符號的號碼越長。假設我們要給一個英文單字"F O R G E T"進行霍夫曼編碼,而每個英文字母出現的頻率分別列在Fig.1。 演算過程 (一)進行霍夫曼編碼前,我們先建立一個霍夫曼樹。 ⒈將每個英文字母依照出現頻率由小排到大,最小在左,如Fig.1。 ⒉每個字母都代表一個終端節點(葉節點),比較F.O.R.G.E.T六個字母中每個字母的出現頻率,將最小的兩個字母頻率相加合成一個新的節點。如Fig.2所示,發現F與O的頻率最小,故相加2+3=5。 ⒊比較5.R.G.E.T,發現R與G的頻率最小,故相加4+4=8。 ⒋比較5.8.E.T,發現5與E的頻率最小,故相加5+5=10。 ⒌比較8.10.T,發現8與T的頻率最小,故相加8+7=15。 ⒍最後剩10.15,沒有可以比較的對象,相加10+15=25。 最後產生的樹狀圖就是霍夫曼樹,參考Fig.2。 (二)進行編碼 1.給霍夫曼樹的所有左鏈結'0'與右鏈結'1'。 2.從樹根至樹葉依序記錄所有字母的編碼,如Fig.3。 實現方法 資料壓縮 實現霍夫曼編碼的方式主要是創建一個二元樹和其節點。這些樹的節點可以儲存在陣列裡,陣列的大小為符號(symbols)數的大小n,而節點分别是終端節點(葉節點)與非終端節點(內部節點)。 一開始,所有的節點都是終端節點,節點內有三個欄位: 1.符號(Symbol) 2.權重(Weight、Probabilities、Frequency) 3.指向父節點的鏈結(Link to its parent node) 而非終端節點內有四個欄位: 1.權重(Weight、Probabilities、Frequency) 2.指向兩個子節點的 鏈結(Links to two child node) 3.指向父節點的鏈結(Link to its parent node) 基本上,我們用'0'與'1'分別代表指向左子節點與右子節點,最後為完成的二元樹共有n個終端節點與n-1個非終端節點,去除了不必要的符號並產生最佳的編碼長度。 過程中,每個終端節點都包含著一個權重(Weight、Probabilities、Frequency),兩兩終端節點結合會產生一個新節點,新節點的權重是由兩個權重最小的終端節點權重之總和,並持續進行此過程直到只剩下一個節點為止。 實現霍夫曼樹的方式有很多種,可以使用優先佇列(Priority Queue)簡單達成這個過程,給與權重較低的符號較高的優先順序(Priority),演算法如下: ⒈把n個終端節點加入優先佇列,則n個節點都有一個優先權Pi,1 ≤ i ≤ n ⒉如果佇列內的節點數>1,則: ⑴從佇列中移除兩個最小的Pi節點,即連續做兩次remove(min(Pi), Priority_Queue) ⑵產生一個新節點,此節點為(1)之移除節點之父節點,而此節點的權重值為(1)兩節點之權重和 ⑶把(2)產生之節點加入優先佇列中 ⒊最後在優先佇列裡的點為樹的根節點(root) 而此演算法的時間複雜度( Time Complexity)為O(n log n);因為有n個終端節點,所以樹總共有2n-1個節點,使用優先佇列每個迴圈須O(log n)。 此外,有一個更快的方式使時間複雜度降至線性時間(Linear Time)O(n),就是使用兩個佇列(Queue)創件霍夫曼樹。第一個佇列用來儲存n個符號(即n個終端節點)的權重,第二個佇列用來儲存兩兩權重的合(即非終端節點)。此法可保證第二個佇列的前端(Front)權重永遠都是最小值,且方法如下: ⒈把n個終端節點加入第一個佇列(依照權重大小排列,最小在前端) ⒉如果佇列內的節點數>1,則: ⑴從佇列前端移除兩個最低權重的節點 ⑵將(1)中移除的兩個節點權重相加合成一個新節點 ⑶加入第二個佇列 ⒊最後在第一個佇列的節點為根節點 雖然使用此方法比使用優先佇列的時間複雜度還低,但是注意此法的第1項,節點必須依照權重大小加入佇列中,如果節點加入順序不按大小,則需要經過排序,則至少花了O(n log n)的時間複雜度計算。 但是在不同的狀況考量下,時間複雜度並非是最重要的,如果我們今天考慮英文字母的出現頻率,變數n就是英文字母的26個字母,則使用哪一種演算法時間複雜度都不會影響很大,因為n不是一筆龐大的數字。 資料解壓縮 簡單來說,霍夫曼碼樹的解壓縮就是將得到的前置碼(Prefix Huffman code)轉換回符號,通常藉由樹的追蹤(Traversal),將接收到的位元串(Bits stream)一步一步還原。但是要追蹤樹之前,必須要先重建霍夫曼樹;某些情況下,如果每個符號的權重可以被事先預測,那麼霍夫曼樹就可以預先重建,並且儲存並重複使用,否則,傳送端必須預先傳送霍夫曼樹的相關資訊給接收端。 最簡單的方式,就是預先統計各符號的權重並加入至壓縮之位元串,但是此法的運算量花費相當大,並不適合實際的應用。若是使用Canonical encoding,則可精準得知樹重建的資料量只占B2^B位元(其中B為每個符號的位元數(bits))。如果簡單將接收到的位元串一個位元一個位元的重建,例如:'0'表示父節點,'1'表示終端節點,若每次讀取到1時,下8個位元則會被解讀是終端節點(假設資料為8-bit字母),則霍夫曼樹則可被重建,以此方法,資料量的大小可能為2~320位元組不等。雖然還有很多方法可以重建霍夫曼樹,但因為壓縮的資料串包含"trailing bits",所以還原時一定要考慮何時停止,不要還原到錯誤的值,如在資料壓縮時時加上每筆資料的長度等。 基本性質 考量到不同的應用領域以及該領域的平均性質,將會使用不同的通用機率,又或者,這個機率是可以從被壓縮文本中的實際頻率所取得。 最佳化 原始的霍夫曼演算法是一個符號與符號間已知輸入機率分佈的最佳編碼方式,也就是說將不相關的符號個別編碼為如此的資料串流。然而,當符號間的限制被捨棄或是質量機率函數是未知的時候,如此方式則並非最佳化。此外,當這些符號之間不是互相獨立,且分佈不相同的時候,單一一個符號可能不足以實現最佳化。在這種情況之下,算術編碼可能比起霍夫曼編碼會有更佳的壓縮能力。 雖然上述兩種方法都可以組合任意數量的符號以實現更高效的編碼效果,並且通常適應於實際的輸入統計層面,但儘管最簡單的版本比霍夫曼編碼更慢且更複雜,算術編碼不會顯著增加其計算或算法複雜度。當輸入概率不是精確已知或在流內顯著變化時,這種靈活性特別有用。然而,霍夫曼編碼通常更快,並且算術編碼在歷史上是專利問題的一些主題。因此,許多技術歷來避免使用有利於霍夫曼和其他前綴編碼技術的算術編碼。截至2010年中期,隨著早期專利的到期,這種替代霍夫曼編碼的最常用技術已經進入公有領域。 對於具有均勻概率分佈的一組符號,以及作為2的冪之成員,霍夫曼編碼等同於簡單的二進位制編碼,例如 ASCII 編碼。這反映了如此的事實:無論壓縮方法是什麼,這種輸入都不可能進行壓縮,或只是說對數據無所作為,比起壓縮才是最佳選擇。 在任何情況下,霍夫曼編碼在所有方法中是最佳的方式,其中每個輸入符號是具有二元機率的已知獨立且相同分佈的隨機變量。前綴碼,特別是霍夫曼編碼,往往在小字母表上產生較差的效率,其中概率通常落在這些最佳(二元)點之間。當最可能符號的概率遠超過0.5時,可能發生霍夫曼編碼的最壞情況,使低效率的上限無限制。 在使用霍夫曼編碼的同時,有兩種相關的方法可以解決這種特定的低效問題。將固定數量的符號組合在一起(阻塞)通常會增加(並且永不減少)壓縮。隨著塊的大小接近無窮大,霍夫曼編碼理論上接近熵限制,即最佳壓縮。然而,阻塞任意大的符號組是不切實際的,因為霍夫曼代碼的複雜性在要編碼的可能性的數量上是線性的,這是在塊的大小中呈指數的數字。這限制了在實踐中完成的阻塞量。 廣泛使用的實際替代方案是行程編碼。該技術在熵編碼之前增加一步,特別是對重複符號進行執行次數的計數,然後對其進行編碼。對於伯努力(Bernoulli)過程的簡單情況,哥倫(Golomb)編碼在編碼遊程長度的前綴碼中是最佳的,這是通過霍夫曼編碼技術證明的事實。使用改進的霍夫曼編碼的傳真機採用類似的方法。但是,遊程編碼並不像其他壓縮技術那樣適應許多輸入類型。 變化 霍夫曼編碼有衍生出許多的許多變化,其中一些使用類似霍夫曼的算法,而其他一些算法找到最佳前綴碼(例如,對輸出施加不同的限制)。注意,在後一種情況下,該方法不需要像霍夫曼那樣,實際上甚至不需要到多項式複雜度。 多元樹霍夫曼編碼 多元樹霍夫曼編碼演算法使用字母集 {0, 1, ... , n − 1} ,來構建一棵 n 元樹。霍夫曼在他的原始論文中考慮了這種方法。這與二進制(n=2)算法僅有的差別,就是它每次把 n 個最低權的符號合併,而不僅是兩個最低權的符號。倘若 n ≥ 2, 則並非所有源字集都可以正確地形成用於霍夫曼編碼的多元樹。在這些情況下,必須添加額外的零概率佔位符。這是因為該樹必須為滿的 n 叉樹,所以每次合併會令符號數恰好減少 (n -1), 故這樣的 n 叉樹存在當且僅當源字的數量模 (n -1) 餘 1. 對於二進制編碼,任何大小的集合都可以形成這樣的二叉樹,因為 n -1 = 1. 自適應霍夫曼編碼 自適應霍夫曼編碼的變化,涉及基於源符號序列中的最近實際頻率動態地計算概率,以及改變編碼樹結構以匹配更新的概率估計。它在實踐中很少使用,因為更新樹的成本使其比優化的自適應算術編碼慢,後者更靈活並且具有更好的壓縮。 霍夫曼模板演算法 在霍夫曼編碼的實現中,通常會使用權重表示數值概率,但是上面給出的算法不需要這樣;它只需要權重形成一個完全有序的可交換么半群,這意味著一種訂購權重和添加權重的方法。霍夫曼模板算法使人們能夠使用任何類型的權重(成本,頻率,權重對,非數字權重)和許多組合方法之一(不僅僅是加法),這個問題首先應用於電路設計。 長度限制霍夫曼編碼/最小變異霍夫曼編碼 長度限制霍夫曼編碼 長度受限的霍夫曼編碼是一種變體,其目標仍然是實現最小加權路徑長度,但是存在另外的限制,即每個碼字的長度必須小於給定常數。包合併算法通過一種與霍夫曼演算法非常相似的簡單貪婪方法解決了這個問題。 不相等成本霍夫曼編碼 在標準的霍夫曼編碼問題中,假設集合中構成碼字的每個符號具有相同的傳輸成本:長度為N位的碼字總是具有N的成本,無論多少這些數字是0,有多少是1,等等。在這個假設下工作時,最小化消息的總成本和最小化數字總數是相同的。 具有不等字母成本的霍夫曼編碼是沒有這種假設的概括:由於傳輸介質的特性,編碼字母表的字母可能具有不均勻的長度。一個例子是摩爾斯電碼的編碼字母表,其中'破折號'比'點'需要更長的發送時間,因此傳輸時間中破折號的成本更高。目標仍然是最小化加權平均碼字長度,但僅僅最小化消息使用的符號數量已經不夠了。沒有算法以與傳統霍夫曼編碼相同的方式或相同的效率來解決這個問題,儘管它已經由卡普(Karp)解決,其解決方案已經針對哥林(Golin)的整數成本的情況進行了改進。 最佳字母二元樹 在標準霍夫曼編碼問題中,假設任何碼字可以對應於任何輸入符號。在字母表中,輸入和輸出的字母順序必須相同。 規範霍夫曼編碼 如果對應於按字母順序排列的輸入的權重是按數字順序排列的,則霍夫曼代碼具有與最佳字母代碼相同的長度,這可以從計算這些長度中找到,從而不需要使用胡 - 塔克(Hu-Tucker)編碼。由數字(重新)有序輸入產生的代碼有時被稱為規範霍夫曼代碼,並且由於易於編碼/解碼,通常是實踐中使用的代碼。用於找到該代碼的技術有時被稱為霍夫曼 - 香農 - 法諾編碼,因為它像霍夫曼編碼一樣是最優的,但是在重量概率上是字母的,例如香農 - 法諾編碼。 資料長度 設符號集合,为發生的機率 ,为編碼的長度 熵(Entropy):亂度 ex: 第三與第四個範例,同樣是五種組合,機率分布越集中,則亂度越少 霍夫曼碼平均長度 霍夫曼碼的長度 Shannon編碼定理: ≤ ≤ ,若使用進位的編碼 霍夫曼碼的平均編碼長度:設,為資料長度 ≤ ≤ 範例 當有100個位子,有白色佔60%、咖啡色佔20%,藍色和紅色各佔10%,則該如何分配才能最佳化此座位? (a)direct: 假設結果為:白色為00、咖啡色01,藍色10和紅色11個bits 則結果為:100*2 = 200bits (b)huffman code: (must be satisfy the following conditions,if not change the node) (1) 所有碼皆在Coding Tree的端點,再下去沒有分枝(滿足一致解碼跟瞬間解碼) (2) 機率越大,code length越短;機率越小,code length越長 (3) 假設是第L層的node,是第L+1層的node 則必須滿足 假設結果為:白色佔0、咖啡色10,藍色110和紅色111個bits 則結果為:60*1+20*2+20*3=160bits 相互比較兩個結果huffman code 整整少了40bits的儲存空間。 示範程式 // 以下為C++程式碼,在G++下編譯通過 // 僅用於示範如何根據權值建構霍夫曼樹, // 沒有經過性能上的優化及加上完善的異常處理。 #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <deque> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; const int size = 10; struct node { // 霍夫曼樹節點結構 unsigned key; // 保存權值 node *lchild; // 左孩子指針 node *rchild; // 右孩子指針 }; deque<node *> forest; deque<bool> code; // 此處也可使用bitset node *ptr; int frequency[size] = {0}; void printCode(deque<bool> ptr); // 用於輸出霍夫曼編碼 bool compare( node *a, node *b) { return a->key < b->key; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { cin >> frequency[i]; // 輸入10個權值 ptr = new node; ptr->key = frequency[i]; ptr->lchild = NULL; ptr->rchild = NULL; forest.push_back(ptr); } // 形成森林,森林中的每一棵樹都是一個節點 // 從森林構建霍夫曼樹 for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) { sort(forest.begin(), forest.end(), compare); ptr = new node; // 以下代碼使用下標索引隊列元素,具有潛在危險,使用時請注意 ptr->key = forest[0]->key + forest[1]->key; ptr->lchild = forest[0]; ptr->rchild = forest[1]; forest.pop_front(); forest.pop_front(); forest.push_back(ptr); } ptr = forest.front(); // ptr是一個指向根的指針 system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } void printCode(deque<bool> ptr) { // deque<bool> for (int i = 0; i < ptr.size(); i++) { if (ptr[i]) cout << "1"; else cout << "0"; } } 霍夫曼编码C代码 huffman.h文件 #ifndef __HUFFMAN_H__ #define __HUFFMAN_H__ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #define START printf("=====start=====\n") #define END printf("=====end=====\n") #define toByte(n) ((n) / 8 + ((n) % 8 > 0)) typedef struct HuffListNode HuffListNode,*hufflistnodep; typedef struct HuffNode HuffNode,*huffnodep; typedef struct HuffTree HuffTree,*hufftreep; typedef struct HuffCode HuffCode,*huffcodep; typedef struct HuffList HuffList,*hufflistp; typedef struct HuffResult HuffResult,*huffresultp; typedef struct HuffCode HuffBuf,*huffbufp; //缓存类型 struct HuffListNode{ huffnodep node; //huffman节点 hufflistnodep next; //后继节点 }; //huffman频率节点 struct HuffList{ hufflistnodep head; //头结点 int keys[256]; //键值字典 int size; //链表长度 }; struct HuffNode{ int key; //键 int weight; //权重 huffnodep left; //左节点 huffnodep right; //右节点 }; //huffman节点 struct HuffCode{ char* code; //huffman code int size; //huffman code size }; struct HuffTree{ huffnodep root; //根 huffcodep codes[256]; //key对应的代码 int size; //大小 }; //huffman树 struct HuffResult{ char* code; //生成的代码 hufftreep tree; //对应的霍夫曼树 }; #ifndef #define typedef enum{ FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1, }Boolean; #endif huffnodep huffnode(int key,int weight); //初始化huffman节点 hufflistp hufflist(); //初始化hufflist Boolean insertHuffNode(hufflistp list,huffnodep node); //向指定的节点链表添加一个节点 huffnodep shiftHuffNode(hufflistp list); //删除第一个节点 hufftreep hufftree(hufflistp list); //构建一棵huffman tree huffbufp getFileBuf(const char* filename); //获取文件的buf hufftreep genhuffcodes(hufftreep tree,huffnodep node,char codes[],int idx); //获取当前节点之下的节点的huffman编码 hufflistp getHuffListByFile(const char* filename); //根据文件创建huffman链表 hufflistp getHuffListByBuf(huffbufp buf); //根据文件buf创建huffman链表 huffcodep getHuffCode(hufftreep tree,int key); //获取指定键值的huffcode huffresultp getHuffCodesByFile(const char* filename); //获取文件的huffman code huffresultp getHuffCodesByBuf(huffbufp buf); //通过buf获取codes huffbufp getOriginBuf(huffresultp result); //从result中解析出原始的字符串 huffbufp str2bin(char* str); //二进制字符串转二进制数组 int putOriginToFile(huffresultp result,const char* filename); //将result存储到filename中 char* bin2str(huffbufp buf); //二进制数组转二进制字符串 huffbufp readHuffFile(const char* filename); //解析huff文件 #endif huffman.c文件: #include "huffman.h" huffnodep huffnode(int key,int weight){ huffnodep ret = (huffnodep)malloc(sizeof(HuffNode)); ret->key = key; ret->weight = weight; ret->left = ret->right = NULL; return ret; } hufflistp hufflist(){ hufflistp ret = (hufflistp)malloc(sizeof(HuffList)); ret->head = NULL; memset(ret->keys,0,sizeof(ret->keys[0])*256); ret->size = 0; return ret; } Boolean insertHuffNode(hufflistp list,huffnodep node){ if(list == NULL || node == NULL || node->weight <= -256) return FALSE; hufflistnodep cur = list->head; hufflistnodep* rootp = &(list->head); hufflistnodep* last = NULL; //当前指针的前驱指针 hufflistnodep tmp = (hufflistnodep)malloc(sizeof(HuffListNode)); tmp->node = node; tmp->next = NULL; if(node->key >= 0 && node->key < 256){ list->keys[node->key] = node->weight; //添加key到keys字典 } list->size++; for(;cur != NULL && cur->node->weight < node->weight; cur = cur->next){ last = rootp; rootp = &(cur->next); } tmp->next = cur; if(last == NULL){ //第一个元素 list->head = tmp; }else{ //向当前节点前面插入tmp节点 (*last)->next = tmp; } return TRUE; } huffnodep shiftHuffNode(hufflistp list){ if(list == NULL || list->head == NULL) return NULL; huffnodep ret = list->head->node; hufflistnodep next = list->head->next; free(list->head); list->head = next; list->size--; return ret; } //通过huffman list构建 hufftreep hufftree(hufflistp list){ hufftreep tree = (hufftreep)malloc(sizeof(HuffTree)); tree->root = NULL; tree->size = 0; memset(tree->codes,0,sizeof(tree->codes)); huffnodep a = NULL; huffnodep b = NULL; huffnodep c = NULL; tree->size = 2 * list->size - 1; while(list->size > 1){ //hufflistp长度大于1 a = shiftHuffNode(list); b = shiftHuffNode(list); c = huffnode(-256,a->weight+b->weight); //新的节点 c->left = a; c->right = b; insertHuffNode(list,c); //将c压回list } tree->root = c; //生成所有key的huffman编码 char codes[8092]; //huffman编辑路径 return genhuffcodes(tree,tree->root,codes,0); } //获取文件内容的BUF huffbufp getFileBuf(const char* filename){ FILE* fp = fopen(filename,"r"); if(fp == NULL) return NULL; fseek(fp,0L,SEEK_END); int len = ftell(fp); rewind(fp); //重设 huffbufp ret = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); ret->code = (char*)malloc(len+1); ret->size = len; fread(ret->code,1,len,fp); fclose(fp); return ret; } hufftreep genhuffcodes(hufftreep tree,huffnodep node,char codes[],int idx){ if(tree == NULL || node == NULL){ //到达底部 return NULL; } if(node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL){ //叶子节点 int key = node->key; huffcodep code = (huffcodep)malloc(sizeof(HuffCode)); code->code = (char*)malloc(idx+1); code->size = idx; memcpy(code->code,codes,code->size); code->code[code->size] = '\0'; tree->codes[key] = code; }{ codes[idx] = '1'; //右 genhuffcodes(tree,node->right,codes,idx+1); codes[idx] = '0'; //左 genhuffcodes(tree,node->left,codes,idx+1); } return tree; } //通过文件生成huffman list hufflistp getHuffListByFile(const char* filename){ huffbufp buf = getFileBuf(filename); if(buf == NULL) return NULL; hufflistp list = getHuffListByBuf(buf); free(buf->code); buf->code = NULL; free(buf); buf = NULL; return list; } hufflistp getHuffListByBuf(huffbufp buf){ if(buf == NULL || buf->code == NULL) return NULL; char* code = buf->code; hufflistp list = hufflist(); for(int i = 0; code[i] != '\0'; i++){ unsigned char ch = code[i]; list->keys[ch]++; } for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++){ if(list->keys[i] > 0){ //插入存在的字符 insertHuffNode(list,huffnode(i,list->keys[i])); } } return list; } huffcodep getHuffCode(hufftreep tree,int key){ if(key < 256 && key >= 0 && tree->codes[key] > 0){ return tree->codes[key]; } return NULL; } huffresultp getHuffCodesByFile(const char* filename){ huffbufp buf = getFileBuf(filename); //文件缓存 return getHuffCodesByBuf(buf); } huffresultp getHuffCodesByBuf(huffbufp buf){ huffresultp result = (huffresultp)malloc(sizeof(HuffResult)); result->code = NULL; if(buf == NULL) return NULL; hufflistp list = getHuffListByBuf(buf); //huffman list result->tree = hufftree(list); int buf_len = buf->size; int len = 0; for(int i = 0; buf->code[i] != '\0'; i++){ int key = (unsigned char)buf->code[i]; huffcodep code = getHuffCode(result->tree,key); if(code == NULL){ printf("LLL:%c{%d}\n",key,key); return NULL; } len+=code->size; } result->code = (char*)malloc(len+1); result->code[0] = '\0'; for(int i = 0; buf->code[i] != '\0'; i++){ unsigned char key = buf->code[i]; huffcodep code = getHuffCode(result->tree,key); strncat(result->code,code->code,code->size); } return result; } huffbufp getOriginBuf(huffresultp result){ if(result == NULL || result->code == NULL || result->tree == NULL) return NULL; hufftreep tree = result->tree; char* code = result->code; int len = 0; for(int i = 0; code[i] != '\0';){ huffnodep root = tree->root; //根节点 while(root->left != NULL && root->right != NULL && code[i] != '\0'){ //双子节点存在 root = (code[i] == '0' ? root->left : root->right); i++; } if((root->left != NULL || root->right != NULL) && code[i] == '\0'){ //错误 return NULL; } len++; // printf("解析:%c{%s}\n",root->key,tree->codes[root->key]->code); } huffbufp ret = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); ret->code = (char*)malloc(len+1); ret->code[0] = '\0'; ret->size = len; int idx = 0; for(int i = 0; code[i] != '\0';){ huffnodep root = tree->root; //根节点 while(root->left != NULL && root->right != NULL && code[i] != '\0'){ //双子节点存在 root = (code[i] == '0' ? root->left : root->right); i++; } ret->code[idx++] = root->key; } ret->code[idx] = '\0'; return ret; } int putOriginToFile(huffresultp result,const char* filename){ if(result == NULL) return 0; // printf("res1[%d]:%s\n",(int)strlen(result->code),result->code); // huffbufp b = str2bin(result->code); // printf("%d\n",b->size); // printf("res2:%s\n",bin2str(b)); // return 0; huffbufp buf = str2bin(result->code); //huffman code转成buf int i = 0; int len = 0; for(i = 0; i < 256; i++){ if(result->tree->codes[i] > 0){ // len+= 5+result->tree->codes[i]->size; //key[1]:len[4]:size } } huffbufp keys = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); keys->code = (char*)malloc(len); keys->size = 0; //获取keys int idx = 0; for(i = 0; i < 256; i++){ if(result->tree->codes[i] > 0){ // keys->code[idx++] = i; //key int len = result->tree->codes[i]->size; memcpy(keys->code+idx,&len,4); //key size // printf("%c[%d]:%d{%s}\n",i,i,len,result->tree->codes[i]->code); idx+=4; huffbufp tmp = str2bin(result->tree->codes[i]->code); // printf("%d,%d\n",tmp->code[0],tmp->size); int tsize = toByte(tmp->size); memcpy(keys->code+idx,tmp->code,tsize); idx+=tsize; } } keys->size = idx; //诸多键的总空间 //写出标准文件 //HUF\n //size: 4b //keys //size: 4b //codes FILE* fp = fopen(filename,"w"); if(fp == NULL) return -1; fwrite("HUF\n",1,4,fp); fwrite(&idx,1,4,fp); //size fwrite(keys->code,1,keys->size,fp); //写入code fwrite(&(buf->size),1,4,fp); //size fwrite(buf->code,1,toByte(buf->size),fp); fclose(fp); return 4+4+keys->size+4+buf->size; } huffbufp str2bin(char* str){ //二进制字符串转二进制数组 // printf("bin:%s\n",str); if(str == NULL) return NULL; huffbufp buf = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); int l = strlen(str); int size = (l / 8) + (l % 8 > 0); buf->code = (char*)malloc(l); memset(buf->code,0,l); for(int i = 0; i < l; i++){ int idx = i/8; int bi = i%8; buf->code[idx] |= (str[i] == '0' ? 0:1) << bi; } buf->size = l; return buf; } char* bin2str(huffbufp buf){ char* ret = (char*)malloc(buf->size+1); for(int i = 0; i < buf->size; i++){ int idx = i / 8; int offset = i % 8; ret[i] = (buf->code[idx] & (0x01 << offset)) ? '1' : '0'; } ret[buf->size] = '\0'; return ret; } huffbufp readHuffFile(const char* filename){ huffbufp buf = getFileBuf(filename); if(buf == NULL) return NULL; if(memcmp(buf->code,"HUF\n",4) != 0) return NULL; //文件不以BUF\n开头 huffresultp result = (huffresultp)malloc(sizeof(HuffResult)); //BUF\n //key size int key_size = *(int*)(buf->code+4); int base = 8; //偏移量 hufftreep tree = (hufftreep)malloc(sizeof(HuffTree)); tree->root = NULL; tree->size = 0; huffcodep* codes = tree->codes; //key对应代码 memset(codes,0,sizeof(huffcodep)*256); int oft = 0; for(;oft < key_size;){ int offset = base+oft; unsigned char key = buf->code[offset]; // printf("%d[%c]\n",key,key); int size = *(int*)(buf->code+offset+1); //长度 int byte = toByte(size); huffbufp htmp = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); //键对应代码 htmp->code = buf->code+offset+5; //缓存代码 htmp->size = size; //缓存大小 // printf("[%c]%d\n",key,key); huffcodep tmp = (huffcodep)malloc(sizeof(HuffCode)); tmp->size = size; //key的大小 tmp->code = bin2str(htmp); tree->codes[key] = tmp; tree->size++; //树的大小增加 huffnodep root = tree->root; if(root == NULL){ tree->root = huffnode(-256,0); root = tree->root; } for(int i = 0; i < tmp->size; i++){ char ch = tmp->code[i]; huffnodep node = NULL; if(ch == '0'){ node = root->left; if(node == NULL){ node = huffnode(-256,0); } root->left = node; }else{ node = root->right; if(node == NULL){ node = huffnode(-256,0); } root->right = node; } if(i == tmp->size - 1) node->key = key; root = node; } oft+=5+byte; } huffbufp tmp = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); tmp->code = buf->code+base+oft+4; tmp->size = *(int*)(buf->code+base+oft); // printf("tmp size:%d\n",tmp->size); result->tree = tree; result->code = bin2str(tmp); // printf("%s\n",result->code); // for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++){ // if(codes[i]!=NULL){ // printf("%c[%d]:%s\n",i,i,codes[i]->code); // } // } return getOriginBuf(result); } 程序演示主文件: #include"huffman.h" int main(){ huffbufp buf = (huffbufp)malloc(sizeof(HuffBuf)); buf->code = "this is just a test!"; buf->size = strlen(buf->code); huffresultp result = getHuffCodesByBuf(buf); //获取编码结果 printf("huffman: %s\n",result->code); huffbufp origin = getOriginBuf(result); //通过编码获取原始数据 printf("origin: %s\n",origin->code); return 0; } 參考文獻 Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 2001. . Section 16.3, pp. 385–392. 外部連結 有關霍夫曼壓縮技術的原文:D.A. Huffman, "A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes", Proceedings of the I.R.E., sept 1952, pp 1098-1102 霍夫曼树图形演示 Animation of the Huffman Algorithm: Algorithm Simulation by Simon Mescal Background story: Profile: David A. Huffman, Scientific American, Sept. 1991, pp. 54-58 n-ary Huffman Template Algorithm Huffman codes' connection with Fibonacci and Lucas numbers Fibonacci connection between Huffman codes and Wythoff array Sloane A098950 Minimizing k-ordered sequences of maximum height Huffman tree Computing Huffman codes on a Turing Machine Mordecai J. Golin, Claire Kenyon, Neal E. Young "Huffman coding with unequal letter costs ", STOC 2002 : 785-791 Huffman Coding, implemented in python H 无损压缩算法 编码理论 数据压缩
巴哈欧拉的使徒是19位巴哈欧拉的早期追随者。巴哈伊信仰中的圣护守基·阿芬第在《巴哈伊世界》第三卷中授予上述19人该称号。 此19人在巴哈伊信仰的早期阶段扮演了重要角色,他们也許团结了信徒,或者传播了信仰。巴哈欧拉的使徒在巴哈伊信仰中的角色,与雅各之子、耶稣的门徒、薩哈巴及巴孛的新生字母在相应信仰中的角色类似。 守基·阿芬第曾经称玛莎·鲁特为巴哈欧拉独特且勇敢的使徒,这并不意为着守基·阿芬第将她列入巴哈欧拉十九位使徒的序列。 知名使徒 许多巴哈欧拉的门徒的故事都为人所知。巴哈欧拉的门徒的列表为: 米尔扎·穆萨 - 巴哈欧拉的弟弟。 巴迪 - 因为为巴哈欧拉送信给纳赛尔丁·沙阿而被捕,死时年仅17岁。 苏丹·舒哈达 - 伊斯法罕的殉道者之王,他和他的弟弟都因信仰被处死。 米尔扎·阿布·法德勒 - 知名学者,曾旅行至美洲,并创作了几本有关巴哈伊信仰的书籍。 瓦尔加 - 鲁霍拉的父亲,父子都因对信仰被处死。 纳比尔·阿克巴 - 知名教师,巴哈欧拉的若干书简为他所作。 纳比勒·阿扎姆 - 纪实传记《破晓群英传》的作者。 米什金卡兰 - 知名书法家,“至大圣名”符号的设计者。 扎伊努穆加拉宾 - 伊斯兰法博士。他向巴哈欧拉提出了对巴哈伊信仰的律法书《亚格达斯经》的疑惑,巴哈欧拉对他的疑惑进行了解答。他的问题与巴哈欧拉的解答后来共同作为《亚格达斯经》的附录,和《亚格达斯经》一起出版。 卡齐姆·萨曼达尔-巴哈欧拉最喜爱的门徒,他对信仰在整个波斯的传播发挥了重要作用。巴哈欧拉的书简-《万军之主的召唤》,即是为他所作。 参见 新生字母 巴哈欧拉的骑士 阿博都巴哈的门徒 圣辅 参考文献 巴哈欧拉的使徒
川芎茶调颗粒禁忌症是什么?孕妇忌服,出血性脑病患者禁服。
科爾希夫(),是烏克蘭的村落,位於該國西北部羅夫諾州,由茲多爾布尼夫區負責管轄,面積4.16平方公里,海拔高度214米,2001年人口218,人口密度每平方公里52.4人。 參考資料 Погода в селі Коршів 羅夫諾州村落 茲多爾布尼夫區村落
埃里克·克里斯托弗·丹尼尔斯(,),美国NBA联盟职业篮球运动员。 参考资料 美国男子篮球运动员 萨克拉门托国王球员 NBA落選秀 肯塔基大學野貓男子籃球隊球員 伊利海鷹 (2008年—2017年) 球員
The 2007 season is Pohang Steelers' 25th season in the K-League in South Korea. Pohang Steelers competed in K-League, League Cup and Korean FA Cup. Squad K-League Regular season Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points Play-off Korean FA Cup League Cup Group A Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points Squad statistics Transfers In Out Loan Out References Pohang Steelers 2007
女性急性尿道炎传染吗?女性得了尿道炎不一定是传染的,但如果是滴虫引起的滴虫性阴道炎或者是衣原体以及支原体造成的,那么就要注意二次传染,所以在日常生活中一定做好个人卫生。急性尿道炎是非常常见的一种生殖感染疾病,而它由于致病菌不同也被分为很多种类的尿道炎。不同种类的尿道炎也有不同的发病原因。急性尿道炎可以分为一般的细菌性尿道炎、淋菌性尿道炎和非淋菌性尿道炎。一、细菌性尿道炎是由各种细菌入侵尿道(例如:大肠杆菌等)引发的。二、淋菌性尿道炎是经由不卫生的性生活,由奈瑟淋病双球菌引发的。主要表现为:感染上淋菌性尿道炎后,通常有2~5天的避让期,刚开始发病时症状为尿道口红肿、发痒,有轻微刺痛,紧接着便出现尿道口脓性分泌物,并且渐渐加剧,病人尿道口时常被分泌物封住,这个时候倘若不采取特殊治疗,可变为慢性淋菌性尿道炎。三、尿道炎种类还有非淋菌性尿道炎。女性有自己独特的生理特点:比如女性尿道比男性更短而且直,女性尿道和肛门、阴道距离更近,这都为细菌感染女性尿道提供了“便利”。女性防治尿道炎要在女性各个年龄阶段进行。幼女时期,父母要勤换尿布,减少粪便以及其他细菌感染尿道的机会,避免尿道炎。新婚后的女人也要在性生活中注意卫生,性生活中一些不卫生的习惯是新婚后的尿道炎患者病因。而女人到了更年期,由于这一时期开始体内雌激素开始减少、各种腺体开始萎缩,人体自净能力也开始减弱,这为细菌侵入尿道引发女性尿道炎提供了机会,日常中服用雌激素是非常好预防尿道炎的方法。此外,在出现类似尿道炎症状时一定要开始正规的尿道炎治疗,避免细菌继续感染膀胱以及输尿管,甚至感染肾脏。平时一定要保持卫生定期要去医院做相关检查,要注意个人的卫生,坚持做到每天使用温开水清洗外阴的习惯。
Caquinte (Caquinte Campa), also Poyenisati, is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is spoken along the Poyeni, Mayapo, Picha, Yori, and Agueni rivers, with some speakers along parts of the Sensa and Vitiricaya rivers, within Junín, Peru. It is an endangered language. Caquinte people are a division of the Campa Indians. They mostly live outside the "regional cash economy". They raise manioc as protein staple, being a subsistence agricultural community. Their population approximates 1000 people, with "sporadic" outside contact. References External links ELAR collection: An Audiovisual Corpus of Caquinte (Arawak) deposited by Zachary O'Hagan Languages of Peru Campa languages
大便便血暗红色是什么原因?便血在人群中并不少见,不管是年轻人还是老年人,或是儿童,都可能会出现便血的现象,而便血的原因有很多,其中常见的如痔疮,肠息肉等,就会引起便血现象,当发现有便血时,一定要及时检查,以明确病因后对症处理,以防长时间便血给健康带来更大的危害。便血是指血液从肛门中排出,从而导致粪便颜色表现为鲜红、暗红或柏油样,它不是一种疾病,只是一种症状,那么突然便血是什么原因呢?生活中有的人突然出现便血会很担心患上了什么严重的疾病,确实有不少疾病可导致便血现象的发生,便血可由三大原因引起,下面一起来了解一下。1.消化道本身疾病可引起便血,如当食管/胃底静脉曲张破裂出血时,就会有便血现象,还有就是胃、肠道溃疡和炎症,肠息肉,肠套叠、肛裂、大便干燥擦伤等,也可引起便血发生。2.消化道以外的一些疾病可导致便血,如血液病,或是一些急性传染病、维生素缺乏症,药物毒副作用等,都有可能引起便血。3.儿童出现便血,一般可由肠息肉引起,表现为血色鲜红,无疼痛同时不和大便混合;还有细菌性痢疾、肠套叠、血液系统疾病等,也可引起儿童便血,对于成年人便血,一般多由痔疮、肛瘘、肛裂,或是肠息肉、肠癌等引起。虽说突然便血的原因有很多,不过一般最为常见的有三种情况,一是肛裂引起的,这种情况出血量是比较少的,且血多粘附在粪便的表面上,有时用手纸擦拭时也可沾在手纸上,二是内痔,内痔便血多为鲜红色的,不会有褐色或者是暗红色,且多在大便完后有滴血现象,严重的情况还会出现喷血症状,三是直肠息肉或者是结肠息肉,对于这种便血容易和痔疮混淆。直肠或者是结肠息肉便血多和大便混和在一起的,且大便时没有疼痛的感觉,粪质也比较正常。因此当生活中出现便血时,要引起重视,不管是什么疾病引起的,都要及时到医院去检查,明确病因后对症处理,以防便血加重,从而影响到身体,给健康带来更大的危害,尤其是长时间便血可导致贫血,因此要及时对症治疗。
请描述胎膜早破的预后方法?对母儿的影响:1.感染感染与胎膜早破互为因果关系,羊膜腔子宫颈和胎盘胎膜的感染可以导致胎膜早破,胎膜早破还可以引起感染胎膜早破引起的感染指胎膜破裂后寄生于子宫颈管和阴道的致病菌上行通过胎膜破裂部位引起的胎儿、妊娠组织(脐带、胎膜和胎盘)、子宫乃至盆腹腔和全身感染。胎儿感染常见肺感染、败血症和小肠结肠炎,孕妇感染主要指分娩前的羊膜腔感染综合征和产后的产褥感染胎膜早破所引起的孕妇和胎儿的感染随潜伏期的延长而增加。胎膜早破所引起的感染可能是新发感染,也可能是原有感染加重或合并新的感染。2.脐带异常胎膜早破引起的脐带异常主要为脐带脱垂和脐带受压。脐带脱垂常见于胎膜早破合并头盆不称胎位异常,羊水过多等。脐带受压主要是随着羊水不断流出,导致羊水过少,在胎儿静止胎儿运动和子宫收缩等各种条件下均可以导致脐带受压,严重者造成胎儿窘迫,3.难产胎膜早破前羊水囊消失,临产后前羊水囊扩张子宫颈的作用消失,造成难产;同时后羊水消失合并感染等因素同样可以造成难产。4.胎儿畸形主要见于破膜时孕龄较小,保守治疗时间较长,羊水较少等情况,常见的畸形包括肢体、面部器官和呼吸系统畸形。5.早产和早产儿胎膜早破早产占所有早产的40%胎膜早破的早产儿的病死率成倍增高,死亡的主要原因是新生儿肺透明膜病。
閉迴路傳遞函數()是控制理論中描述了一個系統的对受控过程输入信号的综合影响结果的數學函数。 簡介 閉迴路的傳遞函數可以在輸出端量測,輸出信號的波形可以由輸入信號波形及閉迴路傳遞函數計算而得。 以下是一個閉迴路傳遞函數的例子: 計算總和的節點和G(s)及H(s)可以合併為一個方塊,其傳遞函數如下: 推導 先定義中間信號Z如下: 藉由上圖可得 相關條目 開迴路控制器 參考資料 控制理论 控制论
颈椎骨折伴脱位的损伤的诊断是什么?骨折及脱位的判定主要依据X线平片及CT扫描;但对软组织损伤情况及脊髓状态的判定,仍以MRI图像为清晰,应设法及早进行检查。
Gokulnagar railway station is a small railway station in Patna district, Bihar. Its code is XGN. It serves Patna city. The station consists of 1 platform. References External links Official website of the Patna district Railway stations in Patna district Danapur railway division
柯蒂斯·库珀(英文:Curtis Cooper)可以指: (1932年–2000年),美国佐治亚州的民权领袖 柯蒂斯·库珀 (数学家),美国中密苏里大学数学与计算机科学系教授 英国系列电视剧《急诊室》中的角色,详见:
奥尔巴赫()是德国萨克森州的市镇,隶属于厄尔士山县。总面积为8.28平方千米,截至总人口为人。 参见 萨克森州市镇列表 参考来源 萨克森州市镇
Nativity of the Virgin is a fresco painting by Andrea del Sarto in the Chiostro dei Voti of Santissima Annunziata in Florence. It is signed and dated in 1514, though most of the work on it is thought to have been carried out in 1513. History A series of documents dating to 1511–1513 document progress on the work. From them, Shearman theorises that most of the painting took place in 1513. Andrea wished to leave after completing the frescoes of the life of Philip Benizi de Damiani on the opposite side of the atrium. However, the friar in charge of the frescoes, the sacristan fra Mariano dal Canto delle Macine, insisted that Andrea paint two further lunettes with scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. Andrea agreed, only in return for an increased payment for the final frescoes. Like the other frescoes in the series, the Nativity was detached from the wall, restored and replaced during the 1960s, which limited its damage from the Florence flood of 1966. The Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe of the Uffizi includes a late 16th century drawing of the fresco, attributed to Maso da San Friano (n. 6466). Description and style The painting is derived, like the rest of the cycle, from a work of Domenico Ghirlandaio, the Natività di Maria of the Tornabuoni Chapel in Santa Maria Novella. The bed has a similar composition, with the people arranged around it, although del Sarto rotated the elements and added vertical components with the canopy and angels crowded around the scene. The richness of the poses, often linked to references, the balanced artificiality, the sumptuous clothes, the reduced palette of rare colors such as violets, made the Nativity a key work of the 16th century that was often studied by Mannerist painters. Art historian emphasized the work's "sustained, but warm, prose" and the monumental effect given by the canopied bed. Bibliography Eugenio Casalini, La SS. Annunziata di Firenze, Becocci Editore, Firenze 1980. External links Sarto 1514 paintings Paintings by Andrea del Sarto
直肠癌转肺癌晚期症状?在现代高效率生活促压下,患有直肠癌肺转移的人士就多了起来。这样人士都见于直肠癌晚期,属于临床转移型,只要是转移了,那么危害性就不言而喻了。在治疗上难度很大,因此在治疗之前就要考虑患者身体是否可以承受后期治疗。那么,直肠癌转肺癌晚期症状?看看下面文章介绍。在直肠癌肺转移晚期的时候,可以出现很多症状,这些都是肿瘤细胞不断分化引起的。1、肺部症状,直肠癌转移肺部症状可出现与原发性支气管肺癌相同的症状,咳嗽、痰中带血丝,还可能累及支气管。2、转移之后可能累及食道,如果向纵隔转移了,患者可表现为音哑、上腔静脉综合征、膈麻痹及食道或气管压迫症状,偶有肿瘤引起急性肺栓塞,表现为进行性呼吸困难。3、直肠癌的肺转移前期症状不是很明显,肺部病变广泛,则可出现干咳、痰血表现。也常会被患者所忽视,随着病情的严重患者如并发癌性淋巴管炎、大量胸腔积液、肺不张或上腔静脉受压时,患者可出现呼吸困难。或者持续性的发热等现象。直肠癌转肺癌,延长人类生命是现代医学追求的永恒主题,其实在转移之后还是有很多医疗措施可讲得。1、保守治疗:此类患者被治愈的可能是微乎其微的,治疗的出发点尽量实现带瘤生存,帮助患者延续生命。2、中医治疗:中药治疗癌症首先破坏癌细胞的癌环境,抵制癌细胞的生长,通过阻断其营养的补充,再提高患者的身体机能,改善癌状态。综上所述,当人们处于直肠癌转肺癌晚期的时候,就要注意了,这样的患者最好就是采用保守治疗,带癌生存,如果在实际生活中,患者总是保持健康的心态,并且辅助中医疗法进行积极调理的话,那么患者身体就可尽快恢复,虽然谈不上治愈,但是延长生命还是可能的,大可不必悲观。
手术治附睾炎的危害?其实在现实生活中,附睾炎这种病是男人生殖器统中很常见的一种疾病,并且大部分都是由于感染而造成的,附睾炎这种疾病多发于青年人士,对于30岁以上的男性来说,上很容易患上附睾炎这种疾病的,附睾炎这种病严重的影响了男性的身体健康,如果不及时接受治疗的话,在严重的时候还会影响男性的生育。那么,手术治附睾炎的危害有哪些呢?下面就给大家介绍一下。附睾炎手术如果单侧手术,另一侧没有问题的话,问题不大;如果另一侧有问题或者两侧手术,肯定不能生孩子了;所以,做这个手术往往尽量选择没有生育要求的人;当然,这个也往往是慢性附睾炎治愈的方法。手术后,若不注意会导致感染,感染途径主要分为血行感染、直接感染、淋巴感染。临床主要表现为疼痛想同侧腹股沟、下腹部放射,伴有寒战、高热及胃胀道症状同时合并附睾炎,附睾,睾丸二者界限不清,附睾变硬,输精管增粗。附睾炎这种疾病跟感染有很大的关系,所以说当我们在治疗附睾炎疾病的时候,必须要消除自身病菌感染的这种现象,同时在治疗期间,患者一定要保持身体的洁净卫生,避免受到感染这种情况的发生。其实男性在最最初得附睾炎这种疾病的时候,是不一定需要通过手术来治疗的,在最初的时候,男性可以选择用抗生素以及中药的方式来综合治疗,这样治疗的效果也是比较不错的,所以我们要按照自身的情况而定。综上所述就是对手术治附睾炎的危害的介绍。如果男性朋友患有附睾炎比较严重的话,我们就需要前期手术的方式来治疗了,其实附睾炎通过手术治疗效果也是非常好的,但是我们应该选择正规的医院去做手术,同时应该先做一个具体全面的身体检查。
铅灰拟黑耳(学名:Exidiopsis molybdea)是属于银耳目银耳科拟黑耳属的一种真菌,群生于阔叶树腐木上。该种分布于中国、美国。 参考文献 拟黑耳属
伊萬·伊萬諾維奇·波波夫(,),呼號斯巴達克斯(Спартак),俄羅斯陸軍少將,指揮第58集團軍。 生平 波波夫於1975年1月30日出生於伏爾加格勒州丹尼洛夫卡區頓河草原的一個小農場。波波夫年輕時立志追隨父親的腳步,成為一名邊防軍人,尋求進入阿拉木圖高等邊防指揮學校,但蘇聯解體後,波波夫改為申請莫斯科高等軍事指揮學校,並在1992年獲錄取。 事蹟 畢業後,他以排長身份被分配到北高加索軍區第56近衛空中突擊團。波波夫隨第56團參與第二次車臣戰爭。其後波波夫畢業於俄羅斯聯邦軍隊綜合軍事學院,被派往北高加索軍區司令部作戰指揮部,參與俄格戰爭。波波夫隨後在國防管理中心任職。2015年其畢業於俄羅斯總參謀部軍事學院,任阿迪格共和國第33獨立摩托化步兵旅旅長。2017年,他指揮南部軍區伏爾加格勒第20近衛摩托化步槍師。波波夫被譽為俄羅斯陸軍晉升最快的旅指揮官之一,他在演習中的表現受到了上級的關注。2017年9月,波波夫離旅升職,有傳言稱他將出任第49集團軍副司令。 到2018年5月,他擔任克里米亞第22軍參謀長 ,2019年5月仍擔任此職位。 2022年5月,波波夫擔任加里寧格勒州俄羅斯海軍第11軍參謀長。2022年6月,他指揮位於巴拉克利亞的俄軍,並在2022年9月烏克蘭哈爾科夫反攻期間進行了混亂的撤退。儘管俄羅斯戰敗,波波夫仍於2023年3月晉升為少將兼第58集團軍司令,負責駐守扎波羅熱州。他宣稱在2023年6月8日烏克蘭反攻期間挫敗烏軍對扎波羅熱州的襲擊。 據《美聯社》報導,波波夫以避免不必要的損失而聞名,這與許多其他渴望犧牲士兵來獲取勝利的指揮官不同,他鼓勵部下遇到任何問題直接向他求助,這種隨和態度與俄軍常見的僵硬指揮風格形成鮮明對比。 解職 然而,在2023年7月11日,波波夫與俄羅斯國防部高層爆發激烈衝突。據報導指,波波夫因說出「真相」被免去第58集團軍司令職務並被調往前線。前第58集團軍司令,現任俄羅斯國家杜馬副主席安德烈·古魯廖夫在Telegram發佈波波夫的音頻,根據波波夫的話,他向最高層指出了一系列問題,這些問題「以極為嚴厲的方式直接向最高層提出」,他說他「要麼保持沉默,做個膽小鬼;要么麼就這樣說。我沒有權利以你們的名義,以我陣亡戰友的名義撒謊,所以我明確概述了現今軍隊在作戰和供應方面存在的所有問題。」波波夫並與高層對話中強調了現代戰爭的悲劇性,這包括缺乏對抗炮火的能力、偵察等方面的問題。 根據俄羅斯軍事Telegram頻道「VCHK-OGPU」的消息來源指,導致波波夫被解除職務的原因可能是他在向俄羅斯武裝部隊總參謀長瓦列里·格拉西莫夫匯報時提出了「有必要對長時間處於戰線的部隊進行輪換」的問題。該頻道的消息聲稱,波波夫提到了損失情況,並在表示願意親自向最高統帥弗拉基米爾·普京報告這個問題後被解除職務。據報導指,格拉西莫夫指責波波夫危言聳聽並勒索最高領導層。在被免職後,波波夫立即向自己的士兵和軍官發表講話,稱「最高領導層顯然從我身上感受到了某種危險,並迅速在一天之內炮製了國防部長的命令,將我除掉。」波波夫間接指責格拉西莫夫和俄羅斯國防部長謝爾蓋·紹伊古,聲稱「烏軍無法在前線突破我們的隊伍,但我們的最高領導卻從我們背後捅刀,狠毒地在最困難、最緊張的時刻對我軍趕盡殺絕。」他聲稱自己被解職是因為提出了改善指揮不足的建議。國家杜馬國防委員會主席安德烈·卡爾塔波洛夫回應波波夫的信息,表示將認真對待波波夫的批評並採取行動。 《新聞週刊》引用俄羅斯軍事Telegram頻道「VChK-OGPU」指,第58集團在戰事上受挫時,首先是聯繫前上司波波夫求助,而不是向現任第58集團司令傑尼斯·利亞明中將和俄羅斯總參謀部尋找解決辦法。另外「VChK-OGPU」提供一段波波夫回憶與格拉西莫夫對話的錄音,據波波夫說在他憤怒咆哮說出自己想法之後,以致格拉西莫夫暈倒了。 參考來源 伏爾加格勒州人 俄羅斯聯邦少將 第二次車臣戰爭人物 俄格戰爭人物 俄羅斯俄烏戰爭人物 俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭人物 俄羅斯聯邦軍隊綜合軍事學院校友 俄羅斯總參謀部軍事學院校友
左腿小腿酸痛是怎么回事?在我们日常的生活中,我们常常会遇到小腿酸痛的情况,过度的运动也是会引起小腿酸痛的。左腿小腿肚酸痛会给人带来极大的不适感,如果酸痛感过于强烈的话,甚至会导致人不能正常的行走,极大的影响到人们的日常生活。导致小腿酸痛的原因有很多种,比如说高足弓、平板脚、下肢静脉曲张、急性动脉栓塞等疾病,都可能引发这种病症。左腿小腿酸痛的原因一、脚部原因:小腿肚疼痛也可能是因脚部问题造成。如高足弓或平板脚、鞋子不合脚、肌肉撕裂、肌腱裂伤,或肌腱发炎都会让小腿肚疼痛。二、下肢静脉曲张;小腿疼痛并伴下肢有沉坠感、易疲劳,长期站立后出现小腿部刺痛、钝痛,小腿腕水肿,夜间常有小腿肌肉抽筋;下肢静脉扩张、隆起、纤曲,站立时更明显时,就可能是下肢静脉曲张。三、急性动脉栓塞;如下肢突发剧烈疼痛(由间歇性,迅速转变为持续性),并向肢体远端放射,患肢厥冷苍白、感觉丧失、动脉搏动减弱或消失,运动障碍,甚至可引起休克、心力衰竭和肾功能衰竭,就可能是急性动脉栓塞。造成小腿肌肉酸痛的原因有多种,如神经病变、劳损、腰椎疾病、缺钙、血流不畅、小腿受凉等,病发时伴有疲倦乏力等感觉。因一般疼痛都是由炎症引起的,而扶他林成分中所含的双氯芬酸,能有效抗炎镇痛,加速恢复小腿肌肉酸痛等症状。先采取局部按摩或者敷冰块、冷毛巾等措施,在疼痛减轻后再配合按摩缓解疼痛。为避免出现小腿肌肉酸痛给身体带来痛苦,平时还要注意不要让小腿太过劳累,应尽量避免受凉,并尽可能减少该部位的活动量,以减轻对患处的刺激。小腿疼在排除病变的情况下才能说是缺钙的问题的。如果是缺钙引起的话,应该补钙3天左右就明显减轻了
Runa Pradhan () (born December 5, 1984) is a Nepalese former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Pradhan competed for Nepal, as a 15-year-old teen, in the women's 50 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 31.70. She challenged six other swimmers in heat two, including Cambodia's two-time Olympian Hem Raksmey and Maldives' 13-year-old Fariha Fathimath. She scorched the field to race for the third seed in 31.28, cutting off her lifetime best and a Nepalese record by 0.42 seconds. Pradhan failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed sixty-sixth overall in the prelims. References External links 1984 births Living people Nepalese female swimmers Olympic swimmers for Nepal Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Nepalese female freestyle swimmers Sportspeople from Kathmandu 21st-century Nepalese women
季戊四醇四硝酸酯是什么??季戊四醇四硝酸酯达1.66。由于它是一种比TNT对撞击及摩擦更敏感的炸药,所以一般不会单独使用,而是与其他材料配合使用。一般来说,PETN主要用于地雷的药引,用以在受压时燃点其他稳定性较高的炸药。另外也会与TNT混和使其能轻易引爆。然而,与硝化甘油一样,PETN亦可用于治疗心脏病。例如:“Lentonitrat”就是一种纯綷只有PETN的药物。
眼肌麻痹的原因是什么?诱因有感染/脑血管病基础,糖尿病、肿瘤、周围神经病变等。
怎样治疗混合型痔疮?混合痔是一种发生于肛门同一方位齿线上下,静脉曲张形成团块,内外相连、无明显分界为主要表现的痔病类疾病,和不少肛肠疾病的症状相似。混合痔也可以说是外痔和内痔的总和。原因一般有不合理的饮食、过量饮酒及辛辣食物,可刺激肛门和直肠,使痔静脉丛充血,还有肛门部的感染、肛肠疾病如的诱发等都可导致痔疮形成。混合型痔疮主要症状是便血:无痛性、间歇性、便后有鲜红色血是其特点,也是内痔或混合痔早期常见的症状。便血多因粪便擦破粘膜或排粪用力猛,引起扩张血管破裂出血。轻者多为大例或便纸上带血,继而滴血,重者为喷射状出血,便血数日后常可自行停止。首先要保持大便通畅,进食易消化、少含渣滓的食物。饮食应粗细搭配,少饮浓茶、咖啡、酒类及少进辛辣食物,以减少对肛管的刺激。便后要温水坐浴,局部应用痔疮栓或痔疮膏。根据病情的不同,可以采取注射治疗、冷冻治疗及物理治疗。严重者可手术治疗,包括结扎法、胶圈套扎法、痔切除等。要养成每天大便一次的习惯,这样肠道里的粪便,不会因此变得很硬,有利于排出。.饮食要清淡、好多人控制不住自己的嘴巴、看到好吃就不管不顾,这样是不行的。要多运动、不要长时间保持一个姿势、这样血液不循、会诱发加重痔疮。多吃粗纤维食物,如韭菜、蒜苔、芹菜、香蕉、红薯等,这样可以增加大便体积,促进肠道蠕动,减少便秘和痔疮。保持每天大便通畅,防止便秘,多吃蔬菜,水果,增加饮水量,要注意休息,避免过多的活动,注意饮食,避免久蹲,久坐。
櫟山(英語:Oak Hill)是美國密歇根州馬尼斯蒂縣一個非建制地區,海拔約為200米(656英尺)。根據2010年美國人口普查數據,當地共有569名居民,而其總面積則是1.3平方公里(0.503平方英里)。 參考資料 密歇根州非建制地區
The Fiat CR.25 was an Italian twin-engine reconnaissance-fighter aircraft which served in small numbers for the Regia Aeronautica during World War II. History 40 CR.25s were ordered (later reduced to ten, the two prototypes and other eight airplanes) after the operative failure of the apparently more promising Breda Ba.88 bomber. Later, it was decided to use the CR.25 as a reconnaissance plane and as escort fighter, with a total of nine aircraft (a prototype and the eight pre-production aircraft) for this role. It was used during the war by the 173a Squadriglia Ricognizione Strategica Terrestre (Strategic Land Reconnaissance Squadron), operating from Sicily. Despite positive reports from the pilots, and a proposal by Fiat to resume production, no further aircraft were produced. The prototype MM 332, refurbished as personnel transport, was assigned to the Italian embassy in Berlin. Variants CR.25 : Twin-engined reconnaissance bomber aircraft, two prototypes built. CR.25bis : Strategic reconnaissance aircraft, long-range escort fighter aircraft, eight preproduction aircraft built. CR.25 D : The prototype MM (Matricola Militare) 332 aircraft, redesignated CR.25 D as a transport for the Italian air attaché in Berlin. CR.25quater : The CR.25quater, was a more heavily armed version with a slight increase in wing area and 1175 HP engines proposed from FIAT in the spring of 1943. It remained on the drawing tables. Operators Regia Aeronautica Specifications (CR.25bis) See also References Fiat CR.25 Garello, GianCarlo. CR 25. Turin: La Bancarella Aeronautica, 1997. CR.25 1930s Italian bomber aircraft 1930s Italian patrol aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1937 Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
陈小平(),笔名杜菲、cow、程严、曾双、周详、齐寓春、张乐,湖南衡阳人。曾任中国政法大学讲师,六四事件期间被捕,后任《纽约时报》北京分社首席记者。1997年8月赴美定居,任明镜新闻出版集团执行总编,负责明镜新闻出版集团旗下所有杂志的审核工作。 参考文献
The Coastal Athletic Association baseball tournament, sometimes referred to simply as the CAA Tournament, is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Coastal Athletic Association (formerly known as the Colonial Athletic Association up through the 2023 season). The top six finishers in the regular season of the conference's nine baseball teams advance to the double-elimination tournament, whose most recent edition was held in 2023 at The Ballpark at Patriots Point in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, the off-campus baseball home of the College of Charleston. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship. Format The first CAA Tournament in 1986 was a four team double-elimination tournament, with the bottom three finishers not participating. From 1987 through 1993, all six teams participated in a double-elimination tournament. After Old Dominion joined the league in 1992, the last place team did not participate in tournament. The CAA adopted a seven team format in 1994, with the top seed getting a bye and playing the winner of the opening round game between the four and five seeds. This format was used until VCU joined the conference in 1996 and the league adopted a traditional 8 team double-elimination tournament. After the conference shakeup prior to the 2002 season, the league split into divisions and brought six teams to the tournament. The two division champions were automatically in the field as the top two seeds, and the top four remaining finishers were seeded three through six. This format lasted only two years, as discontinued baseball and the league dropped to nine teams and eliminated divisions. The six team format survived through the 2009 season, and the league used a four team format for 2010 and 2011. The six team format was adopted again in 2012 and maintained through 2019. In the aftermath of the cancellation of the 2020 event due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CAA decided to include all 9 teams in the tournament in 2021, with the bottom two seeds participating in a play-in game before the traditional double-elimination tournament. Champions By year The following is a list of conference champions and sites listed by year. By school The following is a list of conference champions listed by school. Italics indicate that the program is no longer a CAA member, as of the upcoming 2024 season. References
Lagocheirus delestali is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Toledo and Esteban in 2008, and is known from Costa Rica. References Beetles described in 2008 Lagocheirus
血小板减少的病因是什么??1、急性型ITP多发生在病毒感染或上呼吸道感染的恢复期,如风疹、麻疹、水痘,腮腺癌等。患者血清中有较高的抗病毒抗体,血小板表面相关抗体明显增高,故认为是病毒抗原引起的。发病机理可能是包括病毒抗原在内的抗原抗体复合物与血小板fc受体或是病毒抗原产生的自身抗体与血小板膜起交叉反应,损伤血小板,并被吞噬细胞所清除。2、 慢性ITP发病前常无前驱感染史,是由于血小板结构抗原变化引起的自身抗体所致。80%~90%病历有血小板表面相关抗体,其中95%为PalgG,2/3为PalgG和PalgM,少数作用为PalgA和pac。抗体直接作用于血小板膜上的糖蛋白,少数作用与Gbib复合物,使血小板寿命缩短和功能改变。其含量与血小板寿命呈负相关,已经证实脾脏是血小板抗体产生的主要场所。
辛芳鼻炎胶囊药理作用?1、 抗菌作用本品有效成分氧前胡素、欧前胡素、花椒毒素对多种细菌有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌、人型结核杆菌、副伤寒杆菌等均有抑制作用。2、 抗病毒作用本品对流行病毒、流行病毒PR8株、亚洲甲型流感病毒DNA复制有抑制作用,黄芩具有显著的EBV活性抑制作用。3、 消炎作用本品对醋酸、组胺和5-羟色胺引起的血管通透性增加有抑制作用。4、 对呼吸系统的作用本品能松弛气管痉挛,可对抗吗啡所致的呼吸抑制。其中薄荷醇用于支气管炎能减少呼吸道的泡沫痰,能使有效通气腔增大。对于鼻炎、喉炎能促进分泌,将粘稠的黏液稀释,使症状迅速得到有效缓解。5、 对免疫系统的影响本品能抑制变态反应的发生,使总过敏介质释放量减少,在抑制抗原与lgE结合的同时,抑制肥大细胞释放组胺,从而治疗各种原因引起的过敏性鼻炎。对皮肤过敏也有抑制作用。
中国共产党伊犁哈萨克自治州委员会,简称中共伊犁州委,是中国共产党在中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州的领导机关。前称中共伊犁地方委员会。 沿革 1955年3月成立,伊犁自治州委员会,下辖塔城、阿山地委和原伊犁地委所辖。文化大革命期间,中共伊犁州委变化较大。1966年5月,中共伊犁区委员会管辖中共塔城、阿勒泰地委;直辖中共伊宁市委和伊宁、霍城、尼勒克、新源、巩留、特克斯、昭苏县委及察布查尔锡伯自治县委;代管中共博尔塔拉蒙古自治州委。1969年5月,伊犁哈萨克自治州革命委员会成立,州革命委员会只管辖原来自治州直辖的8县1市,伊犁哈萨克自治州建制事实上从此中断。1970年1月成立的中共伊犁哈萨克自治州革命委员会核心小组,组长为钟良树。1970年5月,为王振中接任。1975年9月,经中华人民共和国国务院批准恢复伊犁哈萨克自治州建制。同时恢复成立伊犁地区。1980年,撤销伊犁地区建制,其所辖由伊犁州委直接领导。1984年9月,恢复伊犁地区建制,中共伊犁、塔城、阿勒泰地委再次归属伊犁州委领导。2001年,伊犁地区建制再次被撤销,其所辖各县市党委由伊犁州委直接领导。 参考 中国共产党新疆维吾尔自治区地方组织 伊犁哈萨克自治州 中国共产党副省级行政区委员会
Kian Kok Middle School (Sekolah Menengah Kian Kok in Malay, 沙巴建国中学 in Chinese) is a Chinese independent high school located in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The current principal is Goh Teck Seng (吴德成). The school offers both Malaysian public examination SPM, and Chinese independent high school examination, UEC. History Kian Kok Middle School was founded in Kota Kinabalu during the early 1963. It was initially founded with the intention of accommodating junior high school students who failed to enroll into any public school. On 1 June 1963, the Hokkien association of Kota Kinabalu initiated the funding campaign for Kian Kok Middle School, with an initial donation of RM10,000 by the chairman. Within 9 months, the association has raised a total amount of approximately RM300,000. During the early days of the school, there were only around 60 students and two classes. Students were forced to study in a temporary "campus" made up of several commercial offices that were leased by local businesses. The first building of Kian Kok Middle School was finally completely in January 1965. All 366 junior high school students enrolled in the school at that time were moved to the new permanent campus in Jalan Tuaran. Kian Kok Middle School introduced their senior high school class in 1966. By 1968, the school was completed with four senior high school classes and eleven junior high school classes. It was considered as the standard size of a Malaysian high school at that time. References External links Kiankok.edu.my Chinese-language schools in Malaysia Kota Kinabalu Schools in Sabah http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/11/03/students-protest-sacking-of-10-teachers/
第三代合作伙伴计划(,即)是一个成立于1998年12月的标准化机构。目前其成员包括日本的ARIB和TTC、北美洲的ATIS、中国的CCSA、欧洲的ETSI、印度的TSDSI和韩国的TTA。 3GPP的目标是在国际电信联盟的IMT-2000计划范围内制订和实现全球性的(第三代)移动电话系统规范。它致力于GSM到UMTS(W-CDMA)的演化,虽然GSM到W-CDMA空中介面差别很大,但是其核心网采用了GPRS的框架,因此仍然保持一定的延续性。 3GPP和3GPP2两者实际上存在一定竞争关系,3GPP2致力于以IS-95(在北美和韩国应用广泛的CDMA标准,中国电信CDMA与之兼容)向IS-2000过渡,和高通公司关系更加紧密。 标准 3GPP的标准是由诸多“”构成的,因此3GPP的讨论频繁地涉及各个Release的功能。 每一次发布包含数百单独的标准文件,每一份文件可能经过了多次改版。目前的3GPP标准包含GSM标准的最新改版。 这些文档可免费从3GPP的网站获得。虽然3GPP标准对新手来说可能令人眼花缭乱,但是它们非常完整详细,并提供了对手机行业如何运作的深刻见解。它们不但涵盖了无线电的部分(“空中接口”)及核心网络,而且还有收费信息以及深入源代码级别的语音编码。加密方面也有详细的规定。3GPP2也提供关于它的系统的类似信息。 参见 3G 3GP 3GPP2 EDGE FOMA LTE OFDMA SDMA 参考文献 外部链接 3GPP Site 3GP.com - 3GP Players and converters 3G-FAQ Novatics - Conduit3G Technology 無線通信 移动通信标准 3GPP標準
A pageant wagon is a movable stage or wagon used to accommodate the mystery and miracle play cycles of the 10th through the 16th century. These religious plays were developed from biblical texts; at the height of their popularity, they were allowed to stay within the churches, and special stages were erected for them. Pageant comes from the archaic word for the wagon stage, "pagyn.” It is a word used to describe the movable stage on which a scene of the processional religious play was performed. The origin of the religious play began in medieval churches. The dramas began as a simple way to impart the message of the Bible to the people. They then grew and developed their own conventions. They brought to the common person a pageantry and entertainment so necessary to relieve the people from the monotony of the everyday task. In places like St. Gall, Switzerland, in the 10th century, the Easter mass was often an occasion for festive performance. Pantomimes would take place in the church depicting Christ's resurrection. A few centuries later in Florence, Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446) began to create theatrical depictions of religious texts and see them as a potential work of art. It was not until 1493 however, that the Sacra Rappresentazione, an earlier form of the Mystery Play, was presented on a scaffold in the church in which “hundreds of lights encircled the ‘Throne of God.” This new form of spectacle based theatrical representation of both Old and New Testament texts spread throughout Europe and encompassed North and Central Europe, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and England. As the plays became more than mere pantomimes of biblical stories, they took on bigger texts and were performed at Christmas, Corpus Christi, and numerous other religious saints days or feasts. As the drama of the production became more ambitious, the playing spaces also grew. The plays originally were performed on the altar of the church but grew to encompass the entirety of the front of the church. Eventually the plays grew beyond the capacity of the interior of the church and moved its front steps while also making use of the length and width of the streets. The performances sometimes even enveloped the public square just beyond the church steps. Since there was little space in these areas to provide a backdrop for scenery, the people created “mansions”, or wooden stages, on which to create the play. Eventually these stages would evolve into movable wagons as the troupes playing on them began to take their shows throughout the towns and play to different audiences. Description Very little is known of the specifics of the construction of the pageant wagon. However, we do have a few speculations on the construction of English wagons, but they are from a much later time than when pageant wagons would have been used. One such description comes from a late sixteenth- / early seventeenth-century manuscript entitled A Breviarye or Some Few Recollections of the City of Chester by David Rogers. It states that the pageant wagons were wooden structures with two rooms. They contained both a higher room where the play was performed and a lower room where the players changed clothing. The whole structure was mounted on six wheels. The entire structure would be 15 feet tall with the playing space being 9 feet above the street. This follows along with a description from the memory of an Archdeacon Robert Rogers who, in 1595, is quoted as saying "..pagiants weare a high scafolde with two rowmes, a higher and a lower, upon four wheeles. In the lower they apparelled them selves, and in the higher rowme they played, beinge all open on the tope, that all behoulders mighte heare and see them." This description comes at a time when pageant wagons were seldom used anymore and is subject to reinterpretation by the author. In opposition to these descriptions, Glynne Wickham argues in The Early English Stages, that the wagon was only a one level structure taken up entirely by off stage space used for a dressing room. This would provide the backdrop for the performance as well. The acting would then take place on a scaffold alongside the cart or on the street. This description would testify towards how cumbersome it would have been for a multi-level cart to travel throughout the towns on such unwieldy streets. A cart closer to the ground would be significantly easier to manage yet might not have offered such a vantage point as a two-story structure. A Norwich inventory from 1565 describes one such wagon as a house of wainscot painted and built on a cart with four wheels. A square top set over the house. It also should be of note that, in the majority of Europe, fixed stages were more common than wagons, and the sites of the fixed stages varied from place to place. In Rome the ancient amphitheatres were used, and in places like Mons, France, and Frankfurt-am-Main in Germany, town squares were the primary auditorium. Pageant wagons in practice When a processional cycle play came to town, the whole city was used as a massive auditorium as the wagons were moved through the main streets of the city. The wagons would stop at key locations, where the scene of each wagon would then begin. For instance, the starting wagon would take up a position before the mayor’s house and perform the first scene. When the scene ended, the wagon would move on to the next appointed spot and repeat the performance. Meanwhile, all along the predetermined route other wagons with their many varied scenes would follow in procession, each playing over and over its part in the slowly unfolding cycle. It was a chain theatre. It is said that the bigger wagons can be likened the elaborate floats in the New Orleans Mardi Gras Parade. When in the country, the wagons were lined up in stationary ranks, and the audience moved from one to another to follow the cycle. The performers did not limit themselves to the small playing space of the wagon settings, but spread out freely onto the surrounding ground. Each wagon contained a setting and carried the actors to different scenes. As the actors moved, the members of the audience moved with them. In some cases simultaneous action occurred on a number of levels of wagon platforms. This offered a spectacle quite like that of a modern-day three-ring circus. If a town had a large enough field nearby the wagons were sometimes set all in one spot as to minimize movement. No mode of performance in the history of drama has ever occupied more territory. The Archdeacon Roberts is also quoted in the movement of the carts throughout the towns; "They begane first at the abay gates, and when the firste paginate was played it was wheeled to the highe crosse before the mayor, and so to every streete; and soe every streete had a pagiant playinge before them at one time, till all the pagiantes for the daye appointed weare played: and when one pagiant was neere ended, worde was broughte from streete to streete, and soe they mighte come in place thereof excedinge orderlye, and all the streetes have theire pagiantes afore them all at one time playeinge together; to se which playes was greate resorte, and also scafoldes and stages made in the streetes in those places where they determined to playe thire pagiantes." As the productions regarding these plays grew, towns all over Europe began to adapt and create productions of their own. The Europeans thoroughly enjoyed the elaborate spectacle, and each year they outdid themselves in the creation of such productions. It reached such a point that entire towns were in on the creation of these dramas, and specific guilds were created to devote themselves to the undertaking of the pageant construction. If performed today, this spectacle would tax the resources of any large country town. It would deplete most of the stock of a local lumber yard, hardware store and dry goods outlet. It would also require all the available blacksmiths and carpenters to devote an entire month to the creation of the wagons. References Religious vernacular drama Wagons
埃里蒙库尔(,)是法国杜省的一个市镇,位于该省东北部,属于蒙贝利亚尔区。 地理 ()面积,位于法国勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區杜省,该省份为法国东部内陆省份,北起上索恩省,西接汝拉省,东部及东南部与瑞士接壤,东北部与贝尔福地区省接壤。 与接壤的市镇(或旧市镇、城区)包括:。 的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00(夏令时)。 行政 的邮政编码为,INSEE市镇编码为。 政治 所属的省级选区为。 人口 于时的人口数量为人。 参见 杜省市镇列表 参考文献 H
荨麻疹不能吃什么蔬菜和水果?荨麻疹俗称风团、风疹团、风疙瘩、风疹块(与风疹名称相似,但却非同一疾病)。是一种由各种因素致使皮肤粘膜血管发生暂时性炎性充血与大量液体渗出。造成局部水肿性的损害常见的皮肤病。那么,荨麻疹不能吃什么蔬菜和水果。让我们一起来了解一下。荨麻疹与皮肤过敏有关的,需要查找一下过敏源,如果不是食物导致的,那么普通的蔬菜水果并没有什么影响的,都可以吃的,如果确定有对哪些食物过敏,在进食此类食物后出现的荨麻疹,那么以后要避免进食这些食物,因为每个人过敏的物质是不一样的,所以没有一个固定不变的不能吃的食物,容易引起过敏的食物一般是鱼虾、海产品等,此类食物要少吃。在中医上而言,荨麻疹是由风、热、湿所引起的疾病,对于热性食物不宜食用,所以在水果选择上,温热性水果不宜吃,例如:芒果、荔枝、桃子、龙眼、红毛丹、水蜜桃、板栗、释迦、椰子肉、金桔、乌梅、樱桃、红枣、李子(微温)、榴莲、黑枣。一旦发现荨麻疹要及时治疗,如果病程超过一个月,需警惕迁延为慢性荨麻疹,慢性荨麻疹不易治愈。皮肤瘙痒,随即出现风团,呈鲜红色或苍白色、皮肤色,少数患者有水肿性红斑。风团的大小和形态不一,发作时间不定。风团逐渐蔓延,融合成片。部分患者可伴有恶心、呕吐、头痛、头胀、腹痛、腹泻,严重患者还可有胸闷、不适、面色苍白等全身症状。综上所述,致病原因多种多样,也很复杂。有鱼、虾、蟹、动物羽毛、花粉、蘑菇、荨麻、药物、日光、细菌、寄生虫等。忌食动物蛋白性食物和海鲜发物,不吃辛辣刺激性食物,不饮酒。保持清淡饮食,多吃些新鲜蔬菜和水果。避免一些热性食物,还可以通过药物配合使用能清热祛风,除湿止痒,可彻底根治不复发。治疗期间一定要大量饮用开水,保持大便通畅。
哌替啶该如何合成??由环氧乙烷与甲胺加成为"N"-甲基二乙醇胺,用氯化亚砜在苯中氯化为二氯代衍生物,与苯乙腈在氨基钠存在下缩合为1-甲基-4-苯基-4-氰基哌啶,水解为羧酸,再与乙醇酯化为乙酯,最后与盐酸成盐而得。
Osisang Dibech Chilton (born 23 February 1996) is a Palauan swimmer. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in the women's 50 m freestyle. Career She competed in the women's 200 metre backstroke event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. In 2019, she represented Palau at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 100 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre backstroke events. In both events she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. References External links 1996 births Living people Palauan female swimmers Place of birth missing (living people) Female backstroke swimmers Palauan female freestyle swimmers Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic swimmers for Palau
没有输卵管排卵试纸会测出两条线吗?排卵试纸只能说明有排卵,跟有没有输卵管无关,所以两者是不冲突的,月经和排卵都受脑下垂体和卵巢的内分泌激素的影响而呈现周期性变化,两者的周期长短是一致的,都是每个月一个周期,而排卵发生在两次月经中间,女性的月经周期有长有短,但排卵日与下次月经开始之间的间隔时间比较固定,一般在十四天左右,根据排卵和月经之间的这种关系,就可以按月经周期来推算排卵期,推算方法是从下次月经来潮的第一天算起,排卵日及其前五天和后四天加在一起称为排卵期。排卵障碍自测方法,第一经间痛感觉法,排卵时,卵泡从卵巢中慢慢挤破释放出来会引起小腹部胀痛感,由于卵泡破裂释放的时间长短不同,这种感觉持续的时间也因人而异,有的人只有短短几分钟,有的人则可以持续几个小时,甚至还有的人因此去医院看病。发生这种胀痛感觉的时间通常在两次月经中间,医学上称之为经间痛,第二点滴出血观测法,卵泡从卵巢中排出时,会把卵巢壁撕破,引起局部出血,通常,这一点点血很快就在腹腔内被吸收了,但也有少数女性,出血量比较多,血液就会经过输卵管,子宫,阴道流到体外,在内裤上出现点滴样的血迹,有的女性把它称为小月经,医学上称之为排卵期出血。卵巢有规律的排卵是生育的必要条件,造成无排卵的原因多由于下丘脑到垂体到卵巢轴中任何一环存在病理障碍所致,排卵试纸只能监测排卵,与输卵管是否堵塞是没有直接关系的,如果不排卵,一般不会测出阳性,没有输卵管可以做试管婴儿,但是成功率只有百分之三十左右,还需要有正常的卵子才行,男方要有正常活力的精子可以通过后天人工进行结合在输送到宫腔内培养,在子宫中孕育成为孩子,利用体外受精技术产生的婴儿称为试管婴儿,这些孩子也是在子宫内长成的。
克拉霉素干混悬剂成分或处方?克拉霉素。
is a Shingon-sect Buddhist temple in the Kokubunji neighborhood of the city of Himeji, Hyōgo, Japan. It claims to be the successor to the provincial temple established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). Due to this connection, the foundation stones of the Nara period temple now located to the south of the present day complex were designated as a National Historic Site in 1921, with the area under protection was expanded in 1971 and 1985. History The Shoku Nihongi records that in 741, as the country recovered from a major smallpox epidemic, Emperor Shōmu ordered that a monastery and nunnery be established in every province, the . These temples were built to a semi-standardized template, and served both to spread Buddhist orthodoxy to the provinces, and to emphasize the power of the Nara period centralized government under the Ritsuryō system. The modern Harima Kokubun-ji is located on a river terrace on the left bank of the Ichi River in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture. The temple precincts overlap that of the ancient Kokubun-ji, which extended some 600 meters to the north, and faced the route of the ancient San'yōdō road to the south. The provincial capital was located about four kilometers to the west. This area was the center of Harima Province, and there are several large kofun burial mounds in the area. The first archeological excavation of the site was conducted in 1921, and over the course of 13 subsequent excavations, the foundations of the major temple structures, such as the Kondō, Pagoda, Lecture Hall and Monk's quarters have been found. The exact date of the construction of the temple is unknown, but is believed to be around the time of the 741 edict. The temple is listed in the 927 AD Engishiki as having an allotment of 40,000 bundles of rice. Based on excavated roof tiles, the temple survived to the end of the Heian period and was largely destroyed by fire. It appears to have continued on a much smaller scale until at least the beginning of the 13th century, but ts subsequent history is uncertain. In 1601, Himeji Domain donated a modest estate of 30 koku for its revival, and a bodaiji chapel of the Ikeda clan was relocated from Himeji castle to become the main hall of the reconstructed temple. A further 30 koku of revenues were donated by Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1648. This modern temple occupies the northern half of the ancient temple's precincts, including the site of the Kondō and Lecture Hall. The remaining portion of the site, including the ruins of the Pagoda, Middle Gate and Cloister, received protection as a National Historic Site in 1921, with the area under protection expanded twice, in 1971 and 1985, as excavations revealed additional finds. The southern half of the temple precincts were opened to the public as an archaeological park in 1992. The ancient Harima Kokubun-ji occupied an enclosed compound about 218 square meters in area. The temple buildings were arranged in a straight line from south to north, with the Pagoda located in the southeast corner of the precincts. The Kondō overlaps the gate of the current temple. It was built on a platform 36.9 meters east-west and 23.4 meters north-south, but the details of the structure are unclear. A megalith placed in front of the current temple's gate is a cornerstone of the ancient Kondō. A platform for a stone lantern has also been found six meters to the south of the Kondō foundation platform. The Pagoda has a foundation 18.9 meters square, and 17 cornerstones have survived in situ. From the positioning, it is estimated that the Pagoda measured 9.3 meters on each side and was a seven-story structure. The site of the Lecture Hall in underneath the current temple's Main Hall, and so no detailed investigation could be performed. In addition to a large amount of roof tiles, Haji ware and Sue ware pottery has been excavated from the temple area, along with domestic glazed pottery, trade pottery, black pottery, inkstones, earthen weights, fences, gold and copper ornaments, sword hilts, grindstones, and bones have also been excavated. Gallery See also List of Historic Sites of Japan (Hyōgo) provincial temple References External links Himeji city home page Hyogo Prefectural Museum of History Buddhist temples in Hyōgo Prefecture Historic Sites of Japan Buildings and structures in Himeji Harima Province 8th-century establishments in Japan Nara period 8th-century Buddhist temples Shingon temples Buddhist archaeological sites in Japan
宫颈癌的表现?宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤。原位癌高发年龄为30~35岁,浸润癌为45~55岁,近年来其发病有年轻化的趋势。近几十年宫颈细胞学筛查的普遍应用,使宫颈癌和癌前病变得以早期发现和治疗,宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率已有明显下降。宫颈癌表现为阴道流血,常表现为接触性出血。其次,阴道排液。有白色或血性,稀薄如水样,有腥臭味的阴道排液。晚期的症状可能根据病灶范围,有不同的继发,如尿频、尿急、便秘、输尿管梗阻,晚期还可能有贫血、恶液质等。早期宫颈癌常无明显症状和体征,宫颈可光滑或难与宫颈柱状上皮异位区别。颈管型因宫颈外观正常易漏诊或误诊。随病变发展,可出现以下表现,阴道流血早期多为接触性出血;中晚期为不规则阴道流血。出血量根据病灶大小、侵及间质内血管情况而不同,若侵袭大血管可引起大出血。年轻也可表现为经期延长、经量增多;老年常为绝经后不规则阴道流血。外生型较早出现阴道出血症状,出血量多;内生型较晚出现该症状。与临床期别、病理类型等密切相关。有淋巴结转移者预后差。宫颈腺癌早期易有淋巴转移,预后相对较差。总而言之,早期治疗预后较好。原位癌及微小浸润癌可无明显肉眼病灶,宫颈光滑或仅为柱状上皮异位。随病情发展可出现不同体征。早期宫颈癌常用手术有全子宫切除术;次广泛全子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术;广泛全子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术;腹主动脉旁淋巴切除或取样。年轻卵巢正常可保留。对要求保留生育功能的年轻,属于特别早期的可行宫颈锥形切除术或根治性宫颈切除术。
老年性昏迷的并发症?常见并发症有感染,颅压增高,甚至脑疝,另外心肌缺氧心功能不全,心律失常,心腔停搏及呼吸衰竭。
Poudis is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. See also Communes of the Tarn department References Communes of Tarn (department)
New York's 23rd congressional district is located in Upstate New York, and covers part of Buffalo's Northtowns, all of the Southtowns, and much of the Southern Tier. The district includes two of the eleven Finger Lakes: Keuka Lake and Seneca Lake. The district comprises six entire counties: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, and Steuben Counties, along with parts of Erie County. The largest cities in the district are Jamestown, and Elmira. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+12, it is the most Republican district in New York. Democrat Tracy Mitrano challenged Republican incumbent Tom Reed in the November 6, 2018 election. Reed won reelection on November 6, 2018, retaining his seat for a fourth term. Reed's 8.4% margin of victory was his smallest since his first election in 2012. Reed and Mitrano also faced off in 2020, where Reed won again, this time with a margin of 16.6%. On March 21, 2021, in light of recent sexual harassment allegations, Reed announced that he would not be seeking reelection in 2022. He resigned on May 10, 2022, leaving the seat vacant. A special election was held on August 23, which was won by Republican Joe Sempolinski. Sempolinski opted not to run for a full term in the regularly scheduled 2022 election, which was won by Nick Langworthy. Recent statewide election results History Various New York districts have been numbered "23" over the years, including areas in New York City and various parts of upstate New York. 1913–1919 Parts of Manhattan 1919–1969 Parts of The Bronx 1969–1971 Parts of The Bronx, Manhattan 1971–1973 Parts of The Bronx 1973–1983 Parts of The Bronx, Westchester 1983–1993 All of Albany, Schenectady Parts of Montgomery, Rensselaer 1993–2003 All of Chenango, Madison, Oneida, Otsego Parts of Broome, Delaware, Herkimer, Montgomery, Schoharie 2003–2013 All of Clinton, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison, Oswego, St. Lawrence Parts of Essex, Fulton, Oneida 2013–2023 All of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Tompkins, Yates Parts of Ontario, Tioga List of members representing the district 1823–1833: one seat 1833–1843: two seats From 1833 to 1843, two seats were apportioned, elected on a general ticket. 1843–present: one seat Recent election results In New York, there are numerous minor parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties often endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes. Scozzafava dropped out of the race just prior to the election and endorsed Democrat Bill Owens. The results were not certified by the New York State Board of Elections until December 15, 2009. See also List of United States congressional districts New York's congressional districts United States congressional delegations from New York Notes References Sources External links Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Election results via Clerk.house.gov: 1996 House election data, via Clerk of the House of Representatives 1998 House election data 2000 House election data 2002 House election data 2004 House election data 23 Constituencies established in 1823 1823 establishments in New York (state)
卵巢小细胞癌的护理是什么?预后:本病高度恶性,预后极差。尽管初次手术时2/3的患者为临床期,但其病情发展迅速。Taraszewski(1991)曾统计患者术后平均存活时间仅为18个月;Young曾报道其平均5年生存率仅为10%,即使是a期患者,亦仅为30%。Seedman(1995)报道20例卵巢小细胞癌存活2年者仅18%。但也有病程已届晚期,经手术及化疗后长期存活者。Tewari等(1997)报道1例卵巢小细胞癌c期患者经手术及顺铂等联合化疗后,已无瘤生存达5年者;Powell等(1998)亦报道1例21岁卵巢小细胞癌c期患者作患侧附件切除及瘤体减灭术,保留子宫及对侧附件,术后予以积极的联合化疗,患者无瘤生存已2年以上。
女性经常便秘吃什么好?有很多人在日常生活中可能都会出堵着拉不出来的情况,甚至腹胀憋闷,难受的经历,可以吃以下食物进行改善便秘、促进排便:(1)富含纤维的绿色食物:菠菜、黄瓜、芦荟经过开水焯过后,纤维素含量增加,利于通便;(2)润肠通便的黄色食物:橄榄油、大豆酱、菜籽油等最具软化粪便,利于通便;(3)降脂畅便的黑色食物:海带、裙带菜、紫菜等食品,不但可以缓解便秘,还可以降低胆固醇和血糖;(4)清肠通便的红色食物:红薯、南瓜、苹果是公认的帮助排便的食品,具有很好的清肠作用,促使人体快速排便;长期便秘怎么调理1、饮水清淡,多吃膳食纤维,合理饮食,严禁暴饮暴食,少吃辛辣刺激的食物,如辣椒、速食快餐、烧烤等。2、经常锻炼身体,利用休息时间参加户外运动,如打球、跑步、跳操等,运动可促进肠胃蠕动,加速排便。3、多喝水,我们都知道多喝可美容养颜,其实多喝水还可以促进肠胃的蠕动,是身体内的水分增多,不会造成大便的干燥。4、养成规律的作息时间,每天造成喝一杯白开水或者蜂蜜水,每天喝1500毫升的水,可软化大便,有利排便。5、保持愉快的心情,不要经常生气动怒,女性经常心情不愉快,会导致月经不调。6、定时排便可是肠道不会堆积粪便,不会滞留很多毒素在体内,每次排便时间控制在5分钟左右。便秘吃什么水果1、香蕉有润肠通便的功能,不过香蕉是寒凉的水果,种在田里的香蕉比较好,不过这种香蕉不宜吃多,特别是胃寒的人,因为吃多了对身体也不好。2、甘蔗对便秘也有帮助,也是不错的选择,甘蔗分两种(一种是青皮甘蔗,另一种是黑皮甘蔗)青皮甘蔗清热,所以吃青皮甘蔗比较好3、木瓜具有美容美白的功效,对便秘有很大的作用,木瓜可以生吃(成熟的木瓜)也可以煮熟吃,都是润肠通便的水果
The albums discography of Wanda Jackson, an American recording artist, consists of 44 studio albums, 37 compilation albums, four live albums, one video album, two box sets and has appeared on 26 albums. In 1954 at age sixteen, Jackson signed with Decca Records as a country music artist. The label did not issue a record until the 1962 compilation Lovin' Country Style, six years after Jackson left Decca. She signed with Capitol Records in 1956, and her self-titled debut studio album was released three years later. Although Jackson had recently been identifying herself as a rock-and-roll performer, the album consisted of country music recordings. However, it did contain Jackson's future rock-and-roll hit "Let's Have a Party", which was a hit in 1960, reaching the Top 40 on the Billboard Pop chart. The success of her rock-and-roll recordings led to the release of two more rock-and-roll studio LPs: Rockin' with Wanda (1960) and There's a Party Goin' On (1961). Additionally, Capitol issued two "split" studio albums (Right or Wrong and Two Sides of Wanda) which contained rock and roll on one side and country music on the other. As rock and roll started declining in the early 1960s, Jackson was remarketed as a country artist. During this transitional period, her album production moved towards country pop and Nashville Sound styles on studio LPs such as Wonderful Wanda (1962) and Love Me Forever (1963). Jackson's 1965 studio album Blues in My Heart was her first to chart on a Billboard Magazine album list, peaking at number nine on the Country LP chart. While recording a tribute album to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1967, Jackson issued an album of German songs, entitled Made in Germany. While remaining on Capitol Records, various country-marketed studio albums were issued that peaked in the Billboard Top Country Albums chart: Reckless Love Affair (number 17), Cream of the Crop (number 25), The Many Moods of Wanda Jackson (number 28), and I've Gotta Sing (number 19). In 1968, the compilation album The Best of Wanda Jackson reached number 29 on the Top Country Albums chart. Her first live album, Wanda Jackson in Person, was released the following year. Converting to Christianity in 1971, Jackson released her first religious studio album, Praise the Lord. Deciding to record more religious music, she signed with the Word and Myrrh labels in the mid-1970s. Several albums of gospel hymns were issued, such as Make Me Like a Child Again (1976), I'll Still Love You (1976), and Show Me the Way to Calvary (1981). Additionally, Jackson released several cover records of country recordings, including Good Times (1980), Let's Have a Party (1982), and Classy Country (1988). Around this time, Jackson's rock-and-roll material was revived in Europe, where she launched a tour and issued several rockabilly studio albums, including Rockabilly Fever (1984), recorded in Sweden; a duet album with Karel Zich in 1987; and a live album in 1989. In response, the German-based Bear Family Records issued two box sets of Jackson's rock and country recordings. Jackson continued issuing gospel as well as rock albums into the 1990s. SHe released a fourth live album in 2000. Her album Heart Trouble (2003) and an album of cover versions of Elvis Presley songs both received critical acclaim. Following her induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (2009), Jack White (of the White Stripes) produced Jackson's "comeback album", The Party Ain't Over (2011), which brought renewed success to Jackson. The album became her first since 1973 to chart, peaking at number 58 on the Billboard 200 and number 17 on the Top Rock Albums chart. With The Party Ain't Over, Jackson became the oldest female artist to place an album on the Billboard 200 chart, at the age of 73. In October 2012, Justin Townes Earle produced her forty-fifth studio record, Unfinished Business, which reached number 61 on the Top Country Albums chart. Studio albums 1950s–1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s–2000s 2010s–2020s Compilation albums 1960s–1980s 1990s–2010s Live albums Video albums Box sets Other appearances Notes References External links Official Website Christian music discographies Country music discographies Discographies of American artists Rock music discographies
Walter Stringfellow Taberer (11 April 1872 – 10 February 1938) was a South African international rugby union player. Born in King William's Town, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown, where he was a Douglass Scholar before playing provincial rugby for Griqualand West. He made his only Test appearance for South Africa during Great Britain's 1896 tour. He played as a centre in the 2nd Test of the series, a 17–8 South Africa loss. Taberer died in 1938, in Bulawayo, at the age of 65. He also played first-class cricket for Rhodesia. Notes References South African rugby union players South Africa international rugby union players Rugby union centres Rhodesia cricketers Sportspeople from Qonce White South African people South African people of British descent South African emigrants to Rhodesia Alumni of St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown 1872 births 1938 deaths Rugby union players from the Eastern Cape Griquas (rugby union) players Cape Colony people
盖贝格(德语:)是德国巴登-符腾堡州的一个市镇。总面积4.15平方公里,总人口2670人,其中男性1411人,女性1259人(2011年12月31日),人口密度643人/平方公里。 参见 巴登-符腾堡州市镇列表 参考 巴登-符腾堡州市镇
小孩子得脑炎严重吗?脑炎是一种较为严重的疾病,该疾病是脑实质受到病原体的侵袭导致的炎症性的病变。那么该病绝大数的病因为病毒,也可由于细菌、霉菌、螺旋体、寄生虫等引起的感染,也会有的可能是变态反应性的疾病,比如急性播散性的脑脊髓炎。因为脑炎的危害较大,治疗上也较为困难,常见儿童多发,所以小孩子患有脑炎还是挺严重的,应该引起重视。脑炎临床表现为可出现全身性毒血的症状,会有发热、头痛、身痛以及恶心、呕吐、全身乏力;也有少数会有出血疹以及心肌炎等不良反应的表现;该病也会有神经系统上的症状,比如意识障碍,脑膜刺激征等;也可出现颈部肌肉以及肩胛肌弛缓性瘫痪的现象,导致头下垂以及手臂的不能上举等行动不便的现象;在脑神经以及下肢受累较为少见。如有瘫痪的患者在2~3周后可恢复,大约半数的肌肉萎缩,轻症并无明显的神经症状。由于病变的部位以及病变程度的轻重不等,所表现出多种多样的不同表现。如有弥漫型的脑炎常会先有全身性的不适,那么很快即可出现昏迷、惊厥的现象,同时伴有一定的发热的现象;并且脑干型脑炎常会有面神的经瘫痪、呛咳、吞咽困难、肢体的麻木、无力或动眼神经麻痹等不良表现。脑炎在治疗上也有些困难,尤其是病毒性的脑炎无特效的疗法,要控制颅内的高压、高热和抽搐发作等,在昏迷时需保持呼吸道的通畅,必要时可进行吸氧。那么需要精心的护理即可防止继发性的感染。脑炎的注意事项主要有:养成好的生活习惯,适当体育活动可帮助身体增加神经细胞稳定性;合理膳食,补充足够营养,多吃蔬菜水果,以及多吃鱼、虾、蛋、奶等富含丰富的维生素D的食物,以及应该注意多吃含有丰富的叶酸、维生素K的绿色蔬菜,不能偏食挑食,必须全面均衡营养合理饮食;保证充足的睡眠,注意早睡早起,不要熬夜等。在脑炎治疗期间应该重视身体护理的工作,这样才可以早点远离病毒性脑炎,还应该树立治疗的信心,毕竟这种疾病的治疗还是一个比较漫长的过程,治疗期间尽量保持好的心态。
徐泽水,男,安徽南陵人,享受国务院特殊津贴专家、国家有突出贡献的中青年专家,教育部长江学者特聘教授,四川大学商学院教授。 生平 1989年毕业于芜湖师范专科学校(2005年并入安徽师范大学)数学系。1989年至1995年,在安徽省芜湖市南陵县三里镇职业高中任教。1995年至1998年,在曲阜师范大学运筹所攻读硕士研究生获理学硕士学位。1998年至2001年,在中国人民解放军理工大学(现中国人民解放军陆军工程大学)通信工程学院任教。2001年至2003年,在东南大学经济管理学院攻读博士研究生获管理学博士学位。2003年至2005年,在东南大学自动控制系控制科学与工程流动站做博士后研究。2005年至2007年,在清华大学经济管理学院管理科学与工程流动站做博士后研究。2008年至2013年,先后六次在香港中文大学系统工程与工程管理系任高级访问学者。2006年起,先后被中国人民解放军理工大学、东南大学、上海交通大学、四川大学、南京信息工程大学聘为博士生导师。 学术贡献 主要从事决策理论与技术、信息集成理论和聚类算法、模糊数学与优化算法等研究工作,发表学术论文900余篇。2006年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助,2014年至2020年连续入选汤森路透全球高被引科学家、中国高被引学者,曾获首届“汤森路透中国引文桂冠奖”。 奖励与荣誉 2005年,获全国优秀博士学位论文提名奖 2006年度教育部自然科学一等奖(第二完成人) 2007年,获中国青年科技奖 2010年度教育部自然科学二等奖(第二完成人) 2016年,获评“科学中国人(2015)年度人物” 2017年,当选国际模糊系统协会会士(IFSA Fellow) 2017年度教育部自然科学一等奖(第一完成人) 2018年,当选国际电气电子工程师协会会士(IEEE Fellow) 2019年,当选英国工程技术学会会士(IET Fellow)、英国计算机协会会士(BCS Fellow)、英国皇家艺术协会会士(RSA Fellow) 2019年,当选国际系统与控制科学院(IASCYS)院士 2019年度教育部自然科学二等奖(第一完成人) 2020年国际先进材料协会会士(IAAM Fellow) 2021年亚太人工智能学会会士(AAIA Fellow) 2021年度英国运筹学会会士(ORS Fellow) 2021年,当选欧洲科学与艺术院(EASA)院士 2022年度国际工程技术协会(IETI)杰出会士 2022年,当选欧洲科学院外籍院士 参考文献 Zeshui 南陵人 芜湖师范专科学校校友 曲阜师范大学校友 东南大学校友 四川大学教授 享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家 长江学者特聘教授 電機電子工程師學會會士 中国系统工程学会常务理事 中国运筹学会常务理事 欧洲科学院外籍院士 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者
汗疱疹的治疗方法?汗疱疹是湿疹中的一种,一般对称性的发生于手或脚侧面的水疱性皮肤病。汗疱疹发生的部位在手或脚部汗腺特别发达的地方,汗疱疹的症状表现为深在性小水疱,粟粒至米粒大小,略高出皮肤表面,常无红晕,1-2周后干涸成屑,并可反复发生,伴不同程度的灼热及瘙痒,连续发作数年。汗疱疹与精神紧张,手足多汗,真菌感染及变态反应等因素有关,夏季多见。典型皮损为位于表皮深处的小水疱,米粒大小,半球形,略高出皮面,无炎症反应,分散或群集于手掌、手指侧面及指端,少见于手背、足底,常对称分布。水疱内含澄清浆液,一般不自行破裂,干涸后形成脱皮,露出红色新生上皮,薄而嫩,此时常感疼痛。周围皮肤正常。本病有不同程度的瘙痒及烧灼感。汗疱疹虽然不是什么大病,但是在生活中为病人的行动带来很多不便,患有汗疱疹的治疗方法一般有三方面:1。可以选用相关药物治疗,精神紧张病人可服用镇静安神剂2。早期可使用止痒的外用药,脱皮后可以使用尿素类软膏等进行治疗3。可以使用中医疗法,利脾祛湿。汗疱疹发病有以下特点:1、常夏季加重,入冬自愈,每年定期反复发作;2、水疱为位于表皮深处的小水疱,米粒大小,半球形,略高于皮表,分散或成群发生在手上;3、内含清澈浆液,发亮,偶尔可变浑浊多吃有健脾除湿功效的蔬菜,水果,如山药,甘薯,冬瓜,西瓜,赤小豆,南瓜。少吃辛辣厚味,肥甘酒酪。减少接触肥皂,碱,洗衣粉,洗涤灵,汽油,酒精等物;保持情怀畅达,避免七情不遂;不要用手撕脱脱皮,以防染毒成脓。
旺角綜合大樓(英文:Mong Kok Complex),是一座位於香港九龍油尖旺區旺角上海街557號的市政大樓,主要地產發展商為市區重建局,於2004年10月竣工(年前)。旺角綜合大樓與朗豪坊及朗豪酒店共同成為一組地產發展項目,以行人天橋與朗豪坊連接,毗鄰新填地街及亞皆老街等。 旺角綜合大樓的地面臨馬路的一層是巴士總站和小巴站。1樓及以上為非營利組織、香港政府部門辦事處、社區服務中心、旺角社區會堂、室內熟食中心及多層大廈停車場等。 用戶 香港遊樂場協會 民政事務總署 食物環境衞生署 香港基督徒服務處雋滙幼兒園 途經之公共交通服務 相關 2011年花園街排檔大火 外部連線 旺角綜合大樓地圖 旺角社區會堂地圖 朗豪坊 2004年完工建築物
杨文龙(),汉族,中华人民共和国政治人物、第十一届全国政协委员。 加入中国民主建国会,担任民建中央委员、江西省委副主委、仁和发展有限公司董事长。2008年,当选第十一届全国政协委员,代表中国民主建国会,分入第七组。2018年1月,当选第十三届全国政协委员。 參考文獻 第十一届全国政协委员 第十三届全国政协委员
Nolubabalo Ndzundzu (born 21 December 1977) is a South African former cricketer who played as a right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in one Test match and 16 One Day Internationals for South Africa between 2000 and 2005. She played domestic cricket for Border. Ndzundzu was the first black woman to play cricket for South Africa. In July 2021, she told a Social Justice and Nation-Building hearing convened by Cricket South Africa that she had faced humiliation and discrimination during her international career. On tours, other members of the national team had wanted to change rooms if they were roomed with her, and had laughed at her poor command of English. After Ndzundzu retired as a cricketer, she became a police officer, and, subsequently, the selection convenor for the Border women's cricket team. References External links 1977 births Living people Cricketers from Qonce South African women cricketers South Africa women Test cricketers South Africa women One Day International cricketers Border women cricketers
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A. Tucker |- | 小行星152749|| || 1998年12月17日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152750Brloh || || 1999年1月21日 || 克列特 || 克列特 |- | 小行星152751|| || 1999年1月16日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152752|| || 1999年2月9日 || 奥德热幽夫 || P. Pravec |- | 小行星152753|| || 1999年2月7日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152754|| || 1999年4月15日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152755|| || 1999年4月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152756|| || 1999年5月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152757|| || 1999年5月12日 || 武麦拉 || F. B. Zoltowski |- | 小行星152758|| || 1999年5月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152759|| || 1999年5月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152760|| 1999 KH || 1999年5月16日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152761|| 1999 LE || 1999年6月4日 || 卡特林那 || 卡特林那巡天系统 |- | 小行星152762|| || 1999年6月8日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152763|| || 1999年6月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152764|| || 1999年6月8日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152765|| || 1999年6月8日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152766|| || 1999年6月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152767|| || 1999年7月14日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152768|| || 1999年7月14日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152769|| || 1999年9月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152770|| || 1999年9月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152771|| || 1999年9月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152772|| || 1999年9月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152773|| || 1999年9月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152774|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152775|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152776|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152777|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152778|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152779|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152780|| || 1999年9月9日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152781|| || 1999年9月10日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152782|| || 1999年9月8日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152783|| || 1999年9月7日 || 卡特林那 || 卡特林那巡天系统 |- | 小行星152784|| || 1999年9月8日 || 卡特林那 || 卡特林那巡天系统 |- | 小行星152785|| || 1999年9月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152786|| 1999 TS || 1999年10月1日 || 伊斯特拉 || K. Korlević |- | 小行星152787|| || 1999年10月7日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152788|| || 1999年10月4日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152789|| || 1999年10月1日 || 卡特林那 || 卡特林那巡天系统 |- | 小行星152790|| || 1999年10月3日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152791|| || 1999年10月6日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152792|| || 1999年10月7日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152793|| || 1999年10月12日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152794|| || 1999年10月14日 || 基特峰 || 太空监视 |- | 小行星152795|| || 1999年10月4日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152796|| || 1999年10月4日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152797|| || 1999年10月4日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152798|| || 1999年10月4日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152799|| || 1999年10月6日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |- | 小行星152800|| || 1999年10月6日 || 索科罗 || 林肯近地小行星研究小组 |-
急性乳房炎(急性化脓性乳腺炎)?概述急性乳房炎是乳房的急性化脓性感染,绝大部分发生在产后哺乳的妇女,尤以初产妇多见,发病常在产后3~4周。病因急性乳房炎的发生原因,除产后全身抵抗力下降外,尚有以下两大诱因。(一)乳汁淤积:此为发病的重要原因。乳汁淤积的原因有:乳头发育不良(过小或内陷)妨碍哺乳;乳汁过多或婴儿吸乳少,致乳汁不能完全排空;乳管不通,影响排乳。(二)细菌侵入:乳头破裂,乳晕周围皮肤糜烂,这是感染的主要途径。婴儿口腔感染,吸乳或含乳头睡眠,致使细菌直接进入乳管也是感染的途径之一。症状初期患者乳房肿胀疼痛;患处出现压痛性硬块,表面皮肤红热;同时可出现发热等全身症状。炎症继续发展,则上述症状加重,此时,疼痛呈搏动性,患者可有寒战、高热、脉搏加快等。患侧腋窝淋巴结常肿大,并有压痛。白细胞计数明显增高及核左移。炎症肿块常在数日内软化形成脓肿,表浅的脓肿可触及波动,深部的脓肿需穿刺才能确定。乳房脓肿可以是单房性的,也可因未及时引流而扩展为多房性的;或自外穿破皮肤,或脓肿破溃入乳管形成乳头溢脓;同一乳房也可同时存在数个病灶而形成多个脓肿。深部脓肿除缓慢向外破溃外,也可向深部穿至乳房与胸肌间的疏松组织中,形成乳房后脓肿。严重急性乳房炎可导致乳房组织大块坏死,甚至并发败血症。检查血常规检查白细胞一般升高。初期B超无明显变化,晚期可有脓腔形成。治疗一、急性乳房炎在未形成脓肿期的治疗:(一)患侧乳房暂停哺乳,以免影响婴儿健康;同时采取措施促使乳汁通畅排出(如用吸乳器吸出乳汁等),去除乳汁淤积因素。(二)局部理疗、热敷,有利于炎症早期消散;水肿明显者可用25%的硫酸镁湿热敷。(三)局部封闭:可促使早期炎症消散。(四)全身抗感染:应用抗生素(头孢霉素类,氧氟沙星,甲哨唑)。(五)中医药治疗:以舒肝清热、化滞通乳为主。二、急性乳房炎脓肿形成期:治疗要则是及时切开引流,排出积脓。关键在于防治乳汁淤积,同时避免乳头损伤,并保持局部清洁。妊娠后期(尤其是初产妇)应经常用温肥皂水洗净两侧乳头;如乳头内陷,一般可藉经常挤捏、提拉矫正之(个别需手术矫正)。要养成定时哺乳,婴儿不含乳头而睡等良好的哺乳习惯。每次哺乳应将乳汁吸空,如有淤积,可借吸乳器或按摩帮助排空乳汁。哺乳后应清洗乳头。发现乳头有破损或破裂,要及时治疗。注意婴儿的口腔卫生并及时治疗其口腔炎症。乳腺炎分为哺乳期乳腺炎、浆细胞性乳腺炎和其它类型乳腺炎,其中浆细胞性乳腺炎容易被许多医生误诊误治,下面重点补充介绍一下:【概念】浆细胞性乳腺炎,又叫导管扩张症,中医叫粉刺性乳痈,俗称导管炎,简称浆乳。浆乳不是细菌感染所致,而是导管内的脂肪性物质堆积、外溢,引起导管周围的化学性刺激和免疫性反应,导致大量浆细胞浸润,故称浆细胞性乳腺炎。反复发作,破溃后形成瘘管,可以继发细菌感染,长久不愈。所以说是一种特殊的乳腺炎症。浆乳不同于一般的哺乳期化脓性乳腺炎,很多人不认识这种病,把他误认为一般细菌感染,或误诊为乳腺结核,最可怕的是误诊为乳腺癌误切乳房。【发病原因】浆细胞性乳腺炎发生与乳头发育不良有关,像乳头内翻、乳头分裂等,内翻的乳头成为藏污纳垢的地方,常有粉刺样东西,有时还会有异味。乳头畸形也必然造成导管的扭曲、变形。导管就很容易堵塞,导管内容物为脂性物质,浸蚀管壁造成外溢,引起化学性炎症,大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞反应,形成小的炎性包块。【临床特点】1、 与妊娠哺乳无关,即不是在哺乳期发病。2、 多数病人伴有乳头的各种畸形或导管扩张。3、 年轻妇女多,未婚的也不少。4、 反复发作,长久不愈的乳晕旁瘘管或慢性炎性肿块。有一例病史长达13年。5、 本病并不少见,约占乳腺病人的10%,1、 发生于非哺乳期, 年轻甚至未婚妇女。我们还治过一例男性,所以与哺乳无关。2、 多数伴有乳头发育不良或乳头畸形,像乳头内翻、乳头分裂、乳头扁平等等。3、初起为乳晕旁的局部红肿、疼痛,反复发作,长久不愈。这是乳腺大导管阻塞,导管内油脂性的物质积聚和外溢,导致导管周围的化学性炎症,大量的浆细胞浸润,所以就称为浆细胞性乳腺炎,是一种免疫性反应。此时的炎症并非细菌感染。一般不发烧,可以自行消退吸收,但反复发作。局部的红肿如果破溃,或切开,继发细菌感染,形成瘘管,很难愈合。因为瘘管的内口在乳头下的输乳管或大导管内,此处已化生为鳞状上皮,就像肛瘘的内口一样,不切除这个病灶的核心,也就是瘘管的内口,就不会彻底治愈。4、毁形严重:多次的切开、破溃,斑痕累累,乳头扭曲,乳房变形。如果病变多发,反复不彻底的手术,乳房毁形更加严重。5、容易误诊、误治:急性期如果缺乏专业知识会误诊为一般的小脓肿,以为切开换几次药就能好;多发瘘管,脓水不断,可误诊为乳腺结核;最可怕的是误诊为乳癌做了根治术。如果初起的病灶离乳头较远,或位置深在,这种慢性炎症的肿块,会引起皮肤粘连,与乳腺癌不易鉴别。有人因为病变长期不愈,要求把乳房整个切除(乳房单纯切除术)。这样实在可惜。【类型】浆乳临床分为两个类型:瘘管型:即慢性复发性乳晕旁脓肿或瘘管,又叫“导管炎”。多见于未婚少女或年轻妇女, 90%伴有乳头发育畸形,例如乳头分裂、乳头内翻或内陷、或乳头过小或扁平。因为乳头发育不良,乳头内翻必然造成导管扭曲变形,内容物排出不畅。乳头内翻使自然脱落的表皮细胞积聚、潮湿而糜烂,引发输乳管出口的堵塞,大导管内脂肪类物质积聚、变性,刺激导管壁引发导管周围的炎性反应。因为类脂性物质是自体产生的,诱发的炎症属于变态反应,细胞免疫反应。而不是像哺乳期急性乳腺炎那样由细菌感染引发的化脓性炎症。故炎性反应缓慢,初起症状轻微,不发烧,疼痛不剧烈。一直到乳晕旁的某一部分出现红肿或一个小脓包才去就医。不幸的是一般非乳腺专业的医生不认识这个病,以为像体表其他部位的小脓肿一样切开引流就好了。切开或自行破溃就是瘘管的外口,其实瘘管早已形成,瘘管的内口就在乳头下的输乳管或接近输乳管的大导管,大导管原来的柱状上皮细胞化生成鳞状上皮(与输乳管及乳头皮肤一样了),形成炎性坏死病灶。如果不切除内口处的病灶和整个瘘管,外口是不会愈合的,切开引流只能解决脓肿问题,是不能彻底治愈这个病的。肿块型:即慢性炎症包块,可有多处破溃。多见于中年妇女,多伴有乳头内翻或分裂,但也有乳头正常者。发病可能与导管扩张有关。肿块距乳头较远,与皮肤粘连,很像乳癌。肿块呈慢性炎性改变,质地韧,边界不清,轻微压痛,可以突然增大,或有时大,有时小。红肿破溃,形成多处复杂的瘘管或窦道,破溃口总与乳头后的病灶相连,所以局部切开清疮不可能愈合。这种肿块型的浆乳在诊断上的最大问题是如何与乳癌相鉴别,曾有误行乳癌根治术的报道。必要时可穿刺做细胞学检查。如果确诊为浆乳,炎性包块较大,用中药治疗,使肿块变小。一般需服药一个月以上,争取最佳的手术时机,彻底切除病灶,最大限度的保留乳腺正常组织,保持乳房外形,并做乳头内翻整形术,总之,浆乳很常见,人们不认识,医生误治、误诊率很高。根据我们的160多例的治疗经验,可以总结如下几条:1、 只要认识浆乳,诊断并不困难。2、 采用中医治疗创造手术条件,抓住最佳手术时机切除病灶。3、 虽然住院时间长,但浆乳是可以彻底治愈的,永不复发。4、 手术需要一定经验,既要切除病变,又要保证乳房和乳头的外形。【治疗方法】1、 急性期消炎,因为不是细菌引起的,所以不必用抗菌素,中药清热解毒, 消肿散结。但不宜苦寒过重,越用凉药,肿块越不消。2、慢性期用温热药——阳和汤加减。3、选择最佳手术时机最重要。发作间期,即伤口愈合期是最佳手术时机,可有些人认为病好了还做什么手术?等到再次红肿、破溃,如此耽误了很长时间。如果伤口不能愈合,待急性炎症消退,伤口最浅表时手术,这时手术后就有感染的可能。4、手术成功的关键是翻转乳晕,彻底清除病灶,清洁所有创面。5、 手术的技术关键是保持外形的完美,必需做乳头内翻的整形术。
(学名:),是一种常见且广布的鸭科鸟类,分布于北美洲大部分地区。 参考资料 外部链接
惘闻(英语:Wang Wen)是一支中国后摇滚乐队,1999年成立于中国大连。最早由谢玉岗等人发起,并担任吉他手和主唱。目前乐队成员包括谢玉岗、耿鑫、徐增铮、张岩峰、周连江和黄凯。 简介 乐队名称 乐队初成立时,时任鼓手赵丹由词语“置若罔闻”衍生出乐队名称“惘闻”。关于英文名,其早期专辑《二十八天失眠日记》封面上为“Unknown Band”。而后续几张专辑《0.7》、《八匹马》、《岁月鸿沟》封面上均标识为“Wang Wen”。 艺人介绍 中国器乐摇滚领军乐队。乐队目前由吉他手谢玉岗、吉他手耿鑫、贝斯手徐增铮、鼓手周连江、键盘手张岩峰和号手黄凯组成。1999年成军于中国的海滨城市大连,成军20余年的惘闻,至今发行过12张录音室专辑,1张电影原声专辑,1张与瑞典后摇乐团Pg.Lost共同发行的Split专辑。 音乐风格 后摇滚,器乐摇滚 作品 1999年:《动物世界》 2000年:《凌水河》 2002年:《晦涩的阴阳之路》 2003年:《二十八天失眠日记》 2005年:《6 Tales for 50 People》 2005年:《Re:Re:Re:》 2007年:《7 Objects in Another Infinite Space》 2007年:《0306》 2008年:《IV》 2010年:《L&R》 2012年:《0.7》 2012年:《Split》(与瑞典Pg.Lost乐队合作发行的黑胶唱片) 2014年:《八匹马》 2016年:《岁月鸿沟》 2017年:《奇迹寻踪》(电影《奇迹寻踪》OST) 2018年:《看不见的城市》 2019年:《无穹》 2020年:《十万个为什么》 2022年:《辛丑|壬寅》 外部链接 惘闻 的豆瓣小站 辛丑•壬寅(惘闻官网) 参考资料 中国摇滚乐队
The Miller & Carter in Muswell Hill Broadway is a Grade II listed building with Historic England. It is a former church. It was formerly an O'Neill's pub which closed in July 2017 for conversion to a Miller & Carter restaurant. References External links Former churches in London Grade II listed pubs in London Pubs in the London Borough of Haringey Muswell Hill Former pubs in London
小儿亚急性骨髓炎的鉴别诊断?须注意与早期尤文瘤和其他骨肿瘤相鉴别。