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DirectMusic是DirectX的一員，是播放音樂API，DirectMusic格式與MIDI格式類似，使用DLS（downloadable sounds）标准，擁有超过16組MIDI通道，可以同时演奏有多于16个的instrument。每一instrument都拥有一個 performance channel（PChannel）。DirectMusic提出 channel groups，最多可同时有 65,536 个channel 组，每一组又可包括16个channel，共可以有超过一百万个channel。 DirectMusic 中，instrument patch 是一个32位值，不同於MIDI patch 的7位值，前7位（bit0-bit6）與MIDI patch相同，第8位（bit7）是0，第9位至16位（bit8-bit15）是LSB，第17位（bit16）是0，第18位至24位（bit17-23）是MSB，第25位（bit24）是0，其後是保留值，最後一位（bit31）是0。 Microsoft Software Synthesizer 由DirectMusic 提供的預設端口。DirectMusic和DirectSound是DirectX的兩個獨立組件，但功能有部分重疊。外部連結 DirectMusic for the masses DirectMusic Producer for the masses DirectX
More London, part of an area known as London Bridge City, is a development on the south bank of the River Thames, immediately south-west of Tower Bridge in London. It is owned by the Kuwaiti sovereign wealth fund. It includes the City Hall, a sunken amphitheatre called The Scoop, office blocks, shops, restaurants, cafes, and a pedestrianized area containing open-air sculptures and fountains lit by coloured lights. The Hilton London Tower Bridge hotel opened in September 2006. More London is in size and has planning consent for of mixed use space, of which up to two million square feet will be offices, accommodating up to 20,000 people. The buildings were designed by Foster and Partners architects. The buildings are known as 1 & 6 More London Place, and 2, 3, 4 and 7 More London Riverside. The public area, which includes The Scoop, a fountain and planting areas, was designed by Townshend Landscape Architects. There are frequently outdoor exhibitions and cultural events in More London. For most of 2005 there was a popular open-air exhibition of large environmental photographs called Earth from the Air. In 2007, the development was shortlisted for the Carbuncle Cup architecture prize, an annual competition by Building Design for "the ugliest building in the United Kingdom completed in the last 12 months." "The Rill", a brick water channel that ran along one walkway of the area, was filled in during 2018. Ownership The site including its open spaces is owned by St Martins Property Group and managed by Savills. References External links Official More London lettings web site (managed by Knight Frank LLP) (managed by Savills) Redevelopment projects in London Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark Tourist attractions in the London Borough of Southwark Privately owned public spaces
Ron Saint Germain (alternate spellings Ron St. Germain, Ron Saint-Germaine and similar) is an American record producer, audio engineer, and mixer born in post-war Frankfurt, Germany, into a career Air Force family. Prior to his career in music production and engineering he was a musician, actor, and singer. Saint Germain's music business career spans over forty-five years. He began learning the art of recording at The Record Plant and Mediasound Studios in New York City. Some of his colleagues during those formative years were Tony Bongiovi, Bob Clearmountain, Harvey Goldberg, Mike Barbiero, Joe Gastwirt and Michael Brauer. Since going independent as a producer, engineer and mixer in 1977 his work has amassed over 100 gold and platinum awards, selling well over a quarter billion units, garnering 19 Grammy nominations with 14 wins and numerous American Music and MTV Awards for the artists he has worked with. He has also mixed live and recorded in venues from CBGB to the 1980 Winter Olympics, Ronald Reagan’s Inauguration Ceremonies and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Among some of the most notable artists he has worked with are Jimi Hendrix, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Michael Jackson, Smokey Robinson, Ashford & Simpson, Mick Jagger, U2, Muse, Bad Brains, Living Colour, 311, Tool, Soundgarden, Sonic Youth, Creed, The Cure, Ziggy Marley, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Foreigner, Kraftwerk, Duran Duran, Nels Cline, Ornette Coleman, McCoy Tyner, Jackie McLean, Ben Goldberg, Kris Davis, Craig Taborn, The Last Poets and numerous others. He has much of his music work in film soundtracks, is active in Sound Design and is part of, 'A Moment In Time', a documentary film production company amomentintimefilms.com. Saint Germain continues his work traveling wherever it takes him, but does his mixing work at his private studio, Saint’s Place. Discography I Against I by Bad Brains Quickness by Bad Brains Goo by Sonic Youth Stain by Living Colour 311, From Chaos, Evolver, Don't Tread On Me, 311 Day 2006 (T.V. Special in 5.1) by 311 Cruzential by Kashmir El Cielo by Dredg He has had over 30 number 1 dance remixes (many with mixing partner Francois Kevorkian) such as "Hot Hot Hot!!!" and "Why Can't I Be You?" from the album Galore by The Cure, "Lucky in Love" and "Just Another Night" from the album She's the Boss by Mick Jagger, "Solid" from the album Solid by Ashford & Simpson. Artists he has worked with include: Twiddle Nels Cline Muse Bad Brains 311 Tool Soundgarden U2 Sonic Youth Mick Jagger Creed Living Colour Foreigner The Cult Terence Trent D'Arby Joydrop DMC Mos Def Breed 77 Fishbone Alien Ant Farm Jimi Hendrix Red Hot Chili Peppers Killing Joke Kraftwerk Whitney Houston Diana Ross Michael Jackson Smokey Robinson Ashford & Simpson Nona Hendryx Chaka Kahn Al Jarreau Kool and the Gang Fatback Jimmy Castor Bunch Jean Michel Jarre Ziggy Marley Phillip Bailey & Phil Collins Jan Hammer Ornette Coleman McCoy Tyner Dexter Gordon Steven Stills Scott Stapp Lou Reed Warren Zevon Buffalo Tom Face to Face Boy Hits Car Pepper Michael Bolton Dan Hartman Modern West Rupert Holmes Steve Earl Snuff Damien Saez Keziah Jones Ric Ocasek Cat Stevens Paquito D'Rivera Ronald Shannon Jackson Bobby Previte Tim Berne Joey Baron Paul Motian Jim Black Dan Weiss Bill Frisell Kris Davis Craig Taborn Uri Caine Hank Roberts Barbara Sukowa & the X Patsy's The Last Poets Mark Dresser Ingrid Laubrock Chris Lightcap Ben Goldberg Ron Miles Cory Smythe Marc Ribot's Ceramic Dog Stephan Crump Jalal Mansur Nuriddin Stuwart Matthewman Steven Triantafillis Dave Eggar Chuck Palmer Daniel Sadownick David Fiuczynski Damien Saez No One is Innocent Brian Druxx The Buck Pets References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people people from Frankfurt Record producers from New York (state) Musicians from New York (state) American audio engineers
Hans Walter Kämpfel (22 June 1924 – 22 April 2016) was a German conductor, composer and Generalmusikdirektor in Aachen and Bremen. Life and career Kämpfel was born in near Ingolstadt. After passing his Abitur in 1942 at the Wilhelmsgymnasium München, Kämpfel studied at the Akademie für Tonkunst in Munich, now the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München, with Hans Rosbaud, Joseph Haas and Rosl Schmid, among others. He then began his musical career in 1947 as répétiteur at the Bavarian State Opera. At the same time, he worked for Karl Amadeus Hartmann in the concert series musica viva of Bayerischer Rundfunk, which aimed at the performance and dissemination of contemporary music in Germany. He then spent several years as Kapellmeister at the Stadtischen Bühnen Gelsenkirchen and Augsburg and as head of opera at the Zürich Opera House before he was called to Aachen in 1958, where he took up the post of General Music Director at the Theater Aachen there, succeeding Wolfgang Sawallisch. On 1 September 1961 he finally moved to the Bremer Philharmoniker in the same function, where he remained until 1968. After a period filled with various guest contracts, Kämpfel took over as chief conductor of the symphony orchestra of the Zorneding-Baldham cultural association in Upper Bavaria from 1974 to 2004. In 1990, he founded the Bavarian Classics, a classical 40-piece orchestra with long-time experienced musicians of the symphony orchestra of the cultural association Zorneding. Depending on the programme, he strengthened this orchestra with soloists and renowned guest musicians. With the Bavarian Classics he made numerous guest appearances in Munich, Frankfurt, Geneva, Graz and Shanghai. With a chamber music formation of this orchestra, Kämpfel was a guest in 1995 in the ancient theatre and archaeological museum in Bodrum/Turkey and in the Seagarden in Antalya as well as in the Ankara Opera House. From 2004 on, he retired from all functions due to age, but kept the direction of the serenade concerts. Throughout his career, Kämpfel has repeatedly received guest contracts at the renowned opera houses in Bochum, Zurich, Graz, Barcelona, Lisbon, and at the Teatro La Fenice Venice, Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi Trieste, Teatro San Carlo Naples. He has performed with renowned orchestras such as the Berlin Philharmonic, the Limburg Symphony Orchestra Maastricht, the Northwest German Philharmonic Herford, the Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Firenze, the Ankara State Orchestra, the Mozarteum Salzburg, the Athens and Thessaloniki State Orchestras and the Philharmonic Orchestras of Nagoya, Tokyo and Sapporo. On 30 June 2001, Hans-Walter Kämpfel was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art in recognition of his numerous merits. Kämpfel died in Zorneding at the age of 91. References External links German conductors (music) Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1924 births 2016 deaths People from Ingolstadt
Maslosojuz or Maslosoiuz (real name: Association of Dairy Cooperatives) was a Ukrainian dairy cooperation, founded in Stryj in 1904/05. At the beginning it was a branch of Prosvita, and in 1907 it was renamed into National Dairy Union Maslosojuz. By 1914, it united around 100 smaller dairy cooperations, which handled around 7.5 mln liters of milk from Ukrainian farmers in eastern Galicia. The founders of Maslosojuz were: Yevhen Olesnytsky, Ivan Bachynsky, Ostap Nyzhankivsky, and Lev Horalevych. After World War I, Maslosojuz was recreated in 1924, within boundaries of newly created Second Polish Republic. The cooperation quickly grew, with several professionals being employed. Its turnover was around 12 million zlotys (as for 1938), and export of butter reached 423,000 kilograms (as for 1935). Products of Maslosojuz were available across whole territory of the Second Polish Republic. In the city of Lwow itself, in the 1930s, Maslosojuz had five stores. As leading Polish daily Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny wrote on 15 January 1937: "The products of Maslosojuz are well known across the nation, and the corporation itself controls all dairy markets of former Eastern Galicia". In 1939, Polish authorities incorporated Maslosojuz into the so-called Dairy Cooperation. After Polish September Campaign, it ceased to exist. Maslosojuz returned in 1941, and was active during German occupation. Finally, it was closed by the Soviets in 1944. Before the Second World War, "Maslosoyuz" already united 500,000 of all 800,000 Western Ukrainian farms, that is almost every Ukrainian farm. References 20th century in Ukraine Cooperatives in Ukraine Second Polish Republic History of Lviv Oblast
海鳗是什么?？海鳗，俗名虎鳗、狼牙鳝，日文汉字写作鳢。为辐鳍鱼纲鳗鲡目海鳗科的一个种。
卡夏莎（葡萄牙語：Cachaça），又譯卡夏薩，或稱巴西甘蔗酒，亦有Pinga、Caninha等别名，是以甘蔗汁為原料釀造的蒸餾酒，產於巴西，號稱為巴西國酒。可調製多款雞尾酒，如卡琵莉亞（Caipirinha）、香蕉巴迪達（Banana Batida）、巴西佬咖啡（Brazilian Coffee）等。卡夏莎與蘭姆酒都是以甘蔗作為原料釀製，但兩者製造方法不同。卡夏莎以甘蔗汁發酵、蒸餾，再置於木桶內熟成；蘭姆酒則主要以糖蜜或蔗糖發酵而成，甜度較高，常用於製作甜點。目前有部分蘭姆酒是以甘蔗汁釀製，所以卡沙夏亦被稱為巴西蘭姆酒（Brazilian rum）。註解巴西酒精饮料蒸餾酒蘭姆酒葡萄牙语词汇
德兰（，）是法国曼恩-卢瓦尔省的一个旧市镇，属于绍莱区。2015年，德兰和相邻的8个市镇合并为新市镇奥雷当茹（）。地理德兰（）面积，位于法国卢瓦尔河地区大区曼恩-卢瓦尔省，该省份为法国西部内陆省份，大致对应安茹地区，北起顺时针与马耶讷省、萨尔特省、安德尔-卢瓦尔省、维埃纳省、德塞夫勒省、旺代省、大西洋卢瓦尔省和伊勒-维莱讷省接壤。与德兰接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。德兰的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。行政德兰的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。政治德兰所属的省级选区为。人口德兰于时的人口数量为人。参考文献参见曼恩-卢瓦尔省市镇列表 D D
服用注射用头孢他啶须注意的事项？1 交叉过敏反应：对一种头孢菌素或头霉素(cephamycin)过敏者对其他头孢菌素或头霉素也可能过敏。对青霉素类、青霉素衍生物或青霉胺过敏者也可能对头孢菌素或头霉素过敏。对青霉素过敏病人应用头孢菌素时发生过敏反应者达5%～10%;如作免疫反应测定时，则对青霉素过敏病人对头孢菌素过敏者达20%。 2 对青霉素过敏病人应用本品时应根据病人情况充分权衡利弊后决定。有青霉素过敏性休克或即刻反应者，不宜再选用头孢菌素类。 3 有胃肠道疾病史者，特别是溃疡性结肠炎、局限性肠炎或抗生素相关性结肠炎(头孢菌素类很少产生假膜性结肠炎)者应慎用。 4 肾功能不全者应减量并慎用。用药期间应进行尿液化验，如果损及肾功能，则应停药。 5 本品可引起血象改变，严重时应立即停药。 6 本品溶解后应立即使用，否则药液色泽会变深。 7 对诊断的干扰：使用本品期间，用碱性酒石酸铜试液进行尿糖实验时，可有假阳性反应;直接抗球蛋白(Coombs)试验可出现假阳性反应。
Pert Plus is an American brand of shampoo and conditioner (or 2-in-1) products. It was introduced in 1987 by Procter & Gamble as a reformulation of the existing Pert shampoo product introduced in 1980. It is known in New Zealand and Australia as Pert and in Asia as Rejoice. History Investment firm Najafi Companies acquired North American licensing rights to Pert Plus from P&G in 2006, moving its production to subsidiary Innovative Brands LLC. In 2010, Innovative sold Pert Plus and Sure to Helen of Troy. The company has several products for various hair types. References External links Official Pert Plus website Former Procter & Gamble brands Shampoo brands Helen of Troy Limited
Raymond Elgaard (born August 29, 1959) is a former Canadian Football League slotback for the Saskatchewan Roughriders from 1983 through 1996, including winning the 77th Grey Cup in 1989. A big man, he was noted for his reliability as a receiver and his toughness on the field. He retired as the all-time leader in receptions and receiving yards in the Canadian Football League (830 receptions, 13,198 receiving yards, eight 1,000 yard seasons). Elgaard played rugby for Magee Secondary School and the Kats, college football at the University of Utah, and now resides in Las Vegas. He was a three-time CFL Most Outstanding Canadian and a four-time CFL All-Star. He is a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame and in November, 2006 was voted one of the CFL's Top 50 players (#36) of the league's modern era by Canadian sports network TSN. During the off-season in the mid-1980s, Elgaard was known for waiting tables in the most popular nightclub in Regina, “Checkers” in the south-Regina Landmark Inn. Due to Ray's impressive size, other wait-staff were often seen “drafting” behind Elgaard as he pushed through the crowd while making his rounds. References 1959 births Living people Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Canadian Award winners Canadian football slotbacks Players of Canadian football from Alberta Saskatchewan Roughriders players Canadian football people from Edmonton Utah Utes football players
男生一到晚上就尿频怎么回事？大多数的男性都是会出现晚上尿频的症状的，由于现在的生活节奏比较快，并且男性的压力也比较大，所以就会出现白天正常晚上尿频的症状，归根结底还是在忙碌的工作下忽略了对身体健康的重视。通常情况下，正常男性白天排尿4~6次，夜间0~2次，如果在夜间排尿次数超过2次，就可视为夜尿频多。夜尿频多应该考虑下面几种情况：1、尿频：男性尿频是最典型的前列腺增生的早期信号。具体的表现是男性无论白天还是晚上，排尿次数比往常增多，而且男性的排尿时间间隔短，时时有尿意。2、进行性排尿困难：主要表现为起尿缓慢、排尿费力，射尿无力，尿线细小，尿流滴沥，分段排尿及排尿不尽等。3、尿失禁：夜间睡觉时尿液不受控制地自己流出来，严重者大白天时也会有这种现象发生。4、急性尿潴留：如有受凉、饮酒、劳累等诱因而引起腺体及膀胱颈部充血水肿时，即可发生急性尿潴留。患者膀胱极度膨胀，疼痛，尿意频繁，辗转不安、难以入眠。5、血尿：出血量不等多为间歇性，偶有大量出血，血块布满膀胱，须紧急处理。6、肾功能不全症状：晚期由于长期尿路阻塞而导致两肾功能减退，表现为食欲不振、恶心、呕吐及贫血等。男性出现白天正常晚上尿频的原因是比较复杂的，具体的原因还需要患者到医院进行详细的检查才能得知。但是一般对于男性来说出现晚上尿频的症状，主要是因为出现了前列腺疾病，也有的可能性是由于生殖器部分感染了细菌，晚上出现尿频症状是会影响睡眠质量的，所以需要尽早进行治疗，一般治疗这类型的疾病通常是采取口服药物或者是局部用药的方式来进行的。晚上尿频的症状是可以治愈的，是不必过于担忧的，在日常生活中应该格外的注意个人的饮食，少吃一些刺激性的食物，最好是不要出现熬夜喝酒的情况，平时的时候可以进行适当的体育锻炼，增强个人的免疫力，也需要格外的注意个人卫生。
有排卵性功血怎么治疗？排卵性功血一般多发生在育龄女性之间，但偶尔也会发生在更年期女性，但是对于排卵性功血这个疾病，大部分女性都不太了解的。排卵性供血是指有规律的月经周期，但周期缩短，或经前数日即有少量出血，经血量可无变化。排卵性功血的原因及相关症状：1、月经过多。月经周期正常，只是血量过多。2、黄体功能不全。表现为月经频发，周期缩短，基础体温呈双相，但上升缓慢，且维持时间短，子宫内膜病检显示分泌不足。3、子宫内膜脱落不全。表现为月经周期正常，但持续时间延长，流血量多，基础体温呈双相，但下降缓慢，子宫内膜病理检查分泌期与增生期内膜并存。4、排卵期出血。月经中期有少量阴道出血，可伴或不伴腹痛，流血发生于基础体温开始上升时。排卵期功血的治疗可分为两个步骤，第一个是止血，有排卵性功血的患者可以用以下两种方法进行治疗：1、中医治疗排卵性功血是止血与调经同步进行，从根本上治疗排卵性功血的，因此也是排卵性功血的首选治疗方法。2、激素治疗排卵性功血，在用孕激素止血同时配小剂量雌激素，既可克服单一孕激素治疗的不足，又可减少孕激素的用量，并防止突破性出血。具体采用孕激素治疗占优势的口服避孕药，每6小时一次，止血后按上法递减至维持量，每日一片共20日停药即可。如果想要预防和防止疾病的发生，日常要注意养成良好的作息规律，避免熬夜疲劳，饮食上要少吃或不吃生冷、辛辣和刺激性的食物，并且要注意做好避孕措施，减少对生殖器官的损伤。
2-溴-5-硝基苯甲醛是一种有机化合物，化学式为C7H4BrNO3。它可由2-溴-5-硝基苯甲醇和吡啶氯铬酸盐在二氯甲烷中的氧化反应制得；混酸在0 °C硝化2-溴苯甲醛也可以得到产物。在碳酸钠和四(三苯基膦)钯的存在下，它可以和苯硼酸发生偶联反应，得到4-硝基联苯-2-甲醛。参考文献溴苯甲醛硝基苯甲醛硝基溴苯
Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis, and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985, it follows Marty McFly (Fox), a teenager accidentally sent back to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), where he inadvertently prevents his future parents from falling in lovethreatening his own existenceand is forced to reconcile them and somehow get back to the future. Gale and Zemeckis conceived the idea for Back to the Future in 1980. They were desperate for a successful film after numerous collaborative failures, but the project was rejected more than forty times by various studios because it was not considered raunchy enough to compete with the successful comedies of the era. A development deal was secured with Universal Pictures following Zemeckis's success directing Romancing the Stone (1984). Fox was the first choice to portray Marty but was unavailable; Eric Stoltz was cast instead. Shortly after principal photography began in November 1984, Zemeckis determined Stoltz was not right for the part and made the concessions necessary to hire Fox, including re-filming scenes already shot with Stoltz and adding $4million to the budget. Back to the Future was filmed in and around California and on sets at Universal Studios, and concluded the following April. After highly successful test screenings, the release date was brought forward to July3, 1985, giving the film more time in theaters during the busiest period of the theatrical year. The change resulted in a rushed post-production schedule and some incomplete special effects. Back to the Future was a critical and commercial success, earning $381.1million to become the highest-grossing film of 1985 worldwide. Critics praised the story, humorous elements, and the cast, particularly Fox, Lloyd, Thompson, and Glover. It received multiple award nominations and won an Academy Award, three Saturn Awards, and a Hugo Award. Its theme song, "The Power of Love" by Huey Lewis and the News, was also a success. Back to the Future has since grown in esteem and is now considered by critics and audiences to be one of the greatest science-fiction films and among the best films ever made. In 2007, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. The film was followed by two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990). Spurred by the film's dedicated fan following and effect on popular culture, Universal Studios launched a multimedia franchise, which now includes video games, theme park rides, an animated television series, and a stage musical. Its enduring popularity has prompted numerous books about its production, documentaries, and commercials. Plot In 1985, teenager Marty McFly lives in Hill Valley, California, with his depressed alcoholic mother, Lorraine; his older siblings, who are professional and social failures; and his meek father, George, who is bullied by his supervisor, Biff Tannen. After Marty's band fails a music audition, he confides in his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, that he fears becoming like his parents despite his ambitions. That night, Marty meets his eccentric scientist friend, Emmett "Doc" Brown, in the Twin Pines mall parking lot. Doc unveils a time machine built from a modified DeLorean, powered by plutonium he swindled from Libyan terrorists. After Doc inputs a destination time of November 5, 1955 (the day he first conceived his time travel invention), the terrorists arrive unexpectedly and gun him down. Marty flees in the DeLorean, inadvertently activating time travel when he reaches . Arriving in 1955, Marty discovers he has no plutonium to return. While exploring a burgeoning Hill Valley, Marty encounters his teenage father and discovers Biff was bullying George even then. George falls into the path of an oncoming car while spying on the teenage Lorraine changing clothes, and Marty is knocked unconscious while saving him. He wakes to find himself tended to by Lorraine, who becomes infatuated with him. Marty tracks down and convinces a younger Doc that he is from the future, but Doc explains the only source available in 1955 capable of generating the power required for time travel is a lightning bolt. Marty shows Doc a flyer from the future that documents an upcoming lightning strike at the town's courthouse. As Marty's siblings begin to fade from a photo he is carrying with him, Doc realizes Marty's actions are altering the future and jeopardizing his existence; Lorraine was supposed to tend to George instead of Marty after the car accident. Early attempts to get his parents acquainted fail, and Lorraine's infatuation with Marty deepens. Lorraine asks Marty to the school dance, and he plots to feign inappropriate advances on her, allowing George to intervene and rescue her, but the plan goes awry when Biff's gang locks Marty in the trunk of the performing band's car, while Biff forces himself onto Lorraine. George arrives expecting to find Marty but is assaulted by Biff. After Biff hurts Lorraine, an enraged George knocks him unconscious and escorts the grateful Lorraine to the dance. The band frees Marty from their car, but the lead guitarist injures his hand in the process, so Marty takes his place, performing while George and Lorraine share their first kiss. With his future no longer in jeopardy, Marty heads to the courthouse to meet Doc. Doc discovers a letter from Marty warning him about his future and rips it, worried about the consequences. To save Doc, Marty recalibrates the DeLorean to return ten minutes before he left the future. The lightning strikes, sending Marty back to 1985, but the DeLorean breaks down, forcing Marty to run back to the mall. He arrives as Doc is being shot. While Marty grieves at his side, Doc sits up, revealing he pieced Marty's note back together and wore a bulletproof vest. He takes Marty home and departs to 2015 in the DeLorean. Marty wakes the next morning to discover his father is now a confident and successful science fiction author, his mother is fit and happy, his siblings are successful, and Biff is a servile valet in George's employ. As Marty reunites with Jennifer, Doc suddenly reappears in the DeLorean, insisting they return with him to the future to save their children from terrible fates. Cast Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly, a high school student and aspiring musician Christopher Lloyd as Emmett "Doc" Brown, an eccentric scientist experimenting with time travel Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines McFly, a 1955 teenager who grows into Marty's unhappy, alcoholic mother Crispin Glover as George McFly, a nerdy 1955 high schooler who grows into Marty's cowardly, submissive father Thomas F. Wilson as Biff Tannen, a 1955 high school bully turned George's 1985 boss The 1985 portion of the film features a cast including Claudia Wells as Marty's girlfriend Jennifer Parker, and Marc McClure and Wendie Jo Sperber as Marty's siblings Dave McFly and Linda McFly. Elsa Raven plays the Clocktower Lady. Singer Huey Lewis has a cameo role as a judge for the Battle of the Bands contest. RichardL. Duran and Jeff O'Haco portray the Libyan terrorists. Cast appearing in the 1955 portion includes George DiCenzo and Frances Lee McCain as Lorraine's parents, Sam and Stella Baines, and Jason Hervey as Lorraine's younger brother Milton. Biff's gang includes Jeffrey Jay Cohen as Skinhead, Casey Siemaszko as , and Billy Zane as Match. Norman Alden plays cafe owner Lou, and Donald Fullilove appears as his employee (and future mayor) Goldie Wilson. Harry Waters Jr. portrays Chuck Berry's cousin Marvin Berry; Will Hare appears as PaPeabody; and Courtney Gains portrays Dixon, the youth who interrupts George's and Lorraine's dance. James Tolkan portrays Hill Valley high school principal Strickland in both 1955 and 1985. Production Conception and writing Long-time collaborators Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis conceived Back to the Future in 1980. They wanted to develop a film about time travel but struggled to create a satisfying narrative, and were desperate for a successful project after the critical or commercial failures of their recent efforts in collaboration with Zemeckis's mentor, Steven Spielberg. Following the release of their comedy Used Cars (1980), Gale visited his parents and came across his father's high school yearbook. He wondered if he and his father would have been friends had they attended school together. He did not think so, but realized he could test his theory if he could travel back to a time when he and his parents were a similar age. He shared the idea with Zemeckis, who recalled his mother's childhood stories were often contradictory. Gale and Zemeckis began a draft in late 1980. They sketched and acted out each scene to help develop the dialogue and actions. They believed many time-travel films focused on the past being immutable and wanted to show the past being altered and the effect those changes would have on the future. In the draft, video pirate Professor Brown builds a time machine that sends his young friend Marty back to the 1950s where he interrupts his parents' first meeting. In September 1980, Gale and Zemeckis pitched their idea to Columbia Pictures president Frank Price, who had liked Used Cars and was keen to work with the pair. Gale recalled having to rein in Zemeckis's enthusiastic pitch before Price had time to change his mind. Gale and Zemeckis completed the first draft for Price on February21, 1981, but Price believed it needed significant refinement. Some early concepts were abandoned. Originally, Marty's actions in 1955 had a more significant impact on the future, making 1985 more futuristic and advanced, but every person who read the script took issue with the idea. Marty's father also became a boxer, a result of his knockout punch on Biff. The time machine was a stationary object moved around on the back of a truck. Inspired by the documentary The Atomic Cafe, the drained time machine was written to be powered by Marty driving it into a nuclear explosion, combined with an additional ingredient: Coca-Cola. Gale and Zemeckis took inspiration from tales of legendary scientists, opting to make the time machine's creator an individual instead of a faceless corporation or government. The pair wanted the inciting time-travel incident to be an accident so that it would not appear that the hero was seeking personal gain. Gale and Zemeckis drew humor from the cultural contrasts between 1955 and 1985, such as Marty entering a 1955 soda shop in 1985 clothing; the shop owner asks Marty if he is a sailor because his down vest resembles a life preserver. They also identified conveniences of 1985 that Marty had taken for granted, but would be denied in 1955. Gale and Zemeckis struggled with the writing, as they were in their 30s and did not particularly identify with either era. They were inspired by the All-American aesthetic of films by Frank Capra featuring white picket fences and exaggerated characters similar to Biff, The Twilight Zone, science-fiction films, and books by Robert Silverberg and Robert Heinlein. The romantic relationship between 1955 Lorraine and her future son was one of the more difficult writing challenges. Gale and Zemeckis attempted to take the concept as far as possible to keep the audience on edge. They believed it had to be Lorraine who stopped the relationship; she remarks that kissing Marty feels like kissing her brother. Gale jokingly said no one asked how she could make that comparison, but that audiences would accept it because they did not want the relationship to happen. The second draft was completed by April7, 1981. Development Price opted not to green-light the second draft; although he liked it, he did not believe it would appeal to anyone else. The most successful comedies at the time, such as Animal House (1978), Porky's (1981), and Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), featured sexual and bawdy elements; Back to the Future was considered too tame in comparison. The project went into turnaround (a process allowing other studios to purchase the idea). The script was rejected some forty times, sometimes multiple times by the same studios. Reasons given included the concept being unappealing to contemporary rebellious youth and the failures of other time travel films, such as The Final Countdown (1980) and Time Bandits (1981). Walt Disney Productions turned it down because they considered Marty's fighting off his future mother's advances too risqué for their brand. The only supporter of the project was Spielberg, but with their previous collaborations considered relative failures, Gale and Zemeckis feared another misstep would suggest they could get work only through being friends with Spielberg. Zemeckis accepted the next project offered to him, Romancing the Stone (1984). Against expectations, the film was a significant success and gave Zemeckis enough credibility to return to Back to the Future. Zemeckis held a grudge against the studios that had rejected the project and turned to Spielberg, who had set up his own production company, Amblin Entertainment, at Universal Studios, where Price now worked. Spielberg disliked Price because he had rejected E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) and demanded his involvement in Back to the Future be minimal. Sidney Sheinberg installed himself as chief executive to oversee the studio's investment in the project. Amblin executives Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall joined Spielberg as the film's executive producers. However, rights to Back to the Future remained with Columbia Pictures. Price's successor at Columbia Pictures, Guy McElwaine, was developing a satire of the Universal-owned noir film Double Indemnity (1944) called Big Trouble (1986). Its similarities to Double Indemnity meant the studio would violate Universal Pictures' copyright. With production imminent, McElwaine asked for the rights from Price; in exchange, Price obtained the rights to Back to the Future. Sheinberg suggested modifications to the film, including changing the title to Space Man from Pluto, believing Back to the Future would not resonate with audiences. Gale and Zemeckis did not know how to reject Sheinberg's suggestions without risking his ire. Spielberg intervened, sending Sheinberg a memo reading: "Hi Sid, thanks for your most humorous memo, we all got a big laugh out of it, keep 'em coming." Spielberg knew Sheinberg would be too embarrassed to admit his memo was to be taken seriously. Sheinberg later claimed the story was "bullshit". Sheinberg also wanted to change the name of Marty's mother from Meg to Lorraine (a tribute to his wife Lorraine Gary), and rename Professor Brown to Doc Brown because he considered it more accessible. The third draft was completed by July 1984. The lengthy development allowed Gale and Zemeckis to refine the script's jokes, especially ones that had become dated since 1980. The joke about former actor Ronald Reagan becoming President of the United States remained following his re-election in 1984. Casting Michael J. Fox was the first choice to portray Marty McFly. Gale and Zemeckis believed his acting timing in the sitcom Family Ties (1982–1989) as the sophisticated Alex Keaton could be translated to Marty's clumsiness. Spielberg asked the show's producer Gary David Goldberg to have Fox read the script. Concerned Fox's absence would damage Family Ties success, especially with fellow star Meredith Baxter on maternity leave, Goldberg did not give Fox the script. Other young stars were considered, including: John Cusack, C. Thomas Howell, Johnny Depp, Ralph Macchio, Charlie Sheen, Jon Cryer, Ben Stiller, Peter DeLuise, Billy Zane, George Newbern, Robert Downey Jr., Christopher Collet, Matthew Modine, and Corey Hart (who declined to audition). Howell was the frontrunner, but Sheinberg preferred Eric Stoltz, who had impressed with his portrayal of Rocky Dennis in an early screening of the drama film Mask (1985). With the filming date approaching, Zemeckis opted for Stoltz. Sheinberg promised that if Stoltz did not work out they could reshoot the film. The character's name was derived from Used Cars production assistant Marty Casella. Zemeckis suggested McFly because it sounded "All-American". Among others, Jeff Goldblum, John Lithgow, Dudley Moore, Ron Silver, Robin Williams, John Cleese, Mandy Patinkin, Gene Hackman, and James Woods were considered for the role of Doc Brown. Producer Neil Canton suggested Lithgow, having worked with him and Christopher Lloyd on Buckaroo Banzai (1984). Lithgow was unavailable, and the role was offered to Lloyd. He was reluctant to join the production until a friend encouraged him to take the part. Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski inspired Lloyd's wild, white hair. Lloyd affected a hunched posture to lower his height closer to the tall Fox. The filmmakers became aware of Lea Thompson while researching Stoltz in the comedy-drama The Wild Life (1984). Crispin Glover used many of his mannerisms in portraying George McFly. Gale described his performance as "nuts", and Zemeckis was reportedly unhappy with Glover's performance choices, instructing him to be more restrained as the older George. Glover lost his voice during filming and later dubbed in some lines. Deluise, Zane, Tim Robbins, and J.J. Cohen were considered to play Biff Tannen. Cohen was not considered intimidating enough against Stoltz, and the role went to ThomasF. Wilson; his first feature starring role. Zane and Cohen were cast as Biff's minions Match and Skinhead instead. Tannen's name was taken from Universal Studios executive Ned Tanen, who had been unpleasant with Gale and Zemeckis. Melora Hardin was cast as Jennifer Parker on a two-film contract. After Stoltz's replacement, the crew were polled about Hardin being taller than Fox; the female crew overwhelmingly voted Marty should not be shorter than his girlfriend. Hardin was replaced by Claudia Wells, who had previously declined the role because of her commitment to the short-lived television series Off the Rack (1984). Actresses Kyra Sedgwick and Jill Schoelen were also considered; Schoelen was told she looked too "exotic" and not sufficiently All-American. Doc Brown's pet, a dog named Einstein, was originally scripted as a chimpanzee named Shemp. Sheinberg insisted films featuring chimps never did well. James Tolkan was the first choice for Principal Strickland after Zemeckis saw him in the crime drama Prince of the City (1981). Singer and soundtrack contributor Huey Lewis cameos as a Battle of the Bands judge. Lewis agreed to appear as long as he was uncredited and could wear a disguise. Gale cameos as the hand in the radiation suit tapping the DeLorean time display. Filming with Stoltz Principal photography began on November26, 1984, on a 14-week schedule set to conclude on February28, 1985, with an estimated $14million budget. Filming took place mainly at the Universal Studios lot and on location in California. Dean Cundey served as the cinematographer; he and Zemeckis had collaborated on Romancing the Stone. Editor Arthur Schmidt was hired after Zemeckis saw his work on Firstborn (1984); Schmidt recommended hiring Harry Keramidas as co-editor. Frank Marshall also served as a second unit director. Owing to the tight schedule, editing occurred concurrently with filming. On December30, 1984, Zemeckis reviewed the existing scenes with Schmidt and Keramidas. Zemeckis was reluctant to review the footage because he would be self-critical, but he believed Stoltz's acting was not working and had already listed several scenes he wanted to reshoot. Zemeckis called in Gale and the producers to show them the footage; they agreed Stoltz was not right for the part. Stoltz was performing the role with an intense and serious tone, not the "screwball" energy they desired. Gale characterized Stoltz as a good actor in the wrong role. Stoltz utilized method acting and stayed in character as Marty when not filming, refusing to answer to his own name. This resulted in feuding with some of the cast and crew, including Wilson. Stoltz put his full strength into pushing Wilson rather than imitating doing so, despite Wilson's protests. Spielberg said Zemeckis needed a replacement in place before firing Stoltz, or he risked the production being canceled. Zemeckis and the producers asked Sheinberg for permission to do whatever was necessary to accommodate Fox's participation; Spielberg made another call to Goldberg. On January3, 1985, Goldberg told Fox about withholding the Back to the Future script from him, and the filmmakers wanted to know if he was interested. Baxter had returned to the show, and they could be more flexible with Fox as long as Family Ties took priority. Fox agreed to join without reading the script. The transition could not take place immediately and filming continued with Stoltz in the lead role, unaware he was to be replaced. On January 10, 1985, Zemeckis informed Stoltz that he was being fired. Zemeckis described it as "the hardest meeting I've ever had in my life and it was all my fault. I broke [Stoltz's] heart." Stoltz was reported to have told his make-up artist he was not a comedian and did not understand why he was cast. The producers informed the principal cast and the rest of the crew much of the film would be re-shot. Cundey said most of the crew saw Stoltz's removal as "good news". Crew members later said there were obvious signs Stoltz would be replaced; the set designers were told to not change the 1955 set, and a scene involving a discussion between Marty and Doc was filmed showing only Doc. Stoltz had shot numerous key scenes including Marty traveling to 1955 in the DeLorean, its breaking down as he prepares to return to 1985, and his final scene was Marty's return to 1985. Filming fell behind schedule, with 34days of filming lost and an additional cost of $3.5–$4.0million, including Stoltz receiving his salary in full. Universal Pictures' marketing team was tasked with mitigating the negative publicity from a project replacing its main star. Filming with Fox Fox's first day on set was January15, 1985. He filmed Family Ties during the day before traveling to the Back to the Future filming location. Often, he would not return home until early the following morning, and on weekends, the schedule was pushed back further as Family Ties was filmed in front of a live audience. The teamsters dropping Fox at home regularly had to carry the actor to bed. This continued until April, when Family Ties finished filming. Gale said Fox's youth meant he could cope with less sleep than usual; Fox described it as exhausting, but worth the effort. Further into the filming schedule, Fox was energetic during his scenes but struggled to stay awake off set. He ad-libbed some lines when he forgot the intended dialog, and recalled looking for a camcorder on the Family Ties set, before realizing it was a prop on Back to the Future. He also had to learn to mimic playing the guitar and choreographed skateboarding routines taught by Per Welinder and Bob Schmelzer. To compensate for his conflicting schedules and reduce production costs, some scenes involving Marty were shot without Fox, who filmed his part separately. Re-shooting scenes allowed the filmmakers to identify problems and implement new ideas. To avoid building an additional classroom set, the opening pan across the array of clocks in Doc Brown's laboratory replaced an opening scene where Marty sets off a fire alarm to get out of detention. The height differences between Stoltz and Fox necessitated other changes, such as a scene of Fox teaching George how to punch because Fox could not reach the necessary prop. According to Gale, once Fox replaced Stoltz, the atmosphere on set improved. Thompson anecdotally said while Stoltz ate lunch alone in his trailer, Fox ate lunch with the cast and crew. The production used many locations in and around Los Angeles. The clock tower is a structure on the Universal Studios Lot in Universal City, California. When filmed from below, Lloyd was positioned on a recreation of the clock tower, but when filmed from above, Lloyd stood atop the tower itself. Production designer Lawrence G. Paull insisted on using the Universal backlot sets because of the difficulties and costs involved in making an on-location area look 1955-appropriate. Whittier High School in the city of Whittier is the Hill Valley high school. Marty's home and the surrounding Lyon estates are in Arleta, Los Angeles. Several of the residential locations were filmed in Pasadena: Lorraine's and George's 1955 homes, and Doc Brown's 1955 home. (Its exterior is the Gamble House; interiors were shot at the historic Blacker House.) Puente Hills Mall in Rowland Heights serves as the Twin Pines mall, which later becomes the Lone Pine mall after Marty knocks over one of the trees at Twin Pines ranch in 1955, which was filmed at the Walt Disney Studios-owned Golden Oak Ranch in Newhall, Santa Clarita, California. Other locations include the basement of the Hollywood United Methodist Church where the school dance was filmed, and Griffith Park, where Marty begins his drive to the courthouse to return to 1985, passing by a lamp post outside the Greek Theatre. Filming concluded after 107 days on April26, 1985. The final day of filming included pick-up shots of Marty and Einstein the dog in the DeLorean. Post-production Arthur F. Repola served as the post-production supervisor, but he became responsible for many aspects outside his role, including budgets, storyboarding, and general problem-solving. Those roles belonged to Kennedy and Marshall, but both were occupied on other films. Schmidt found editing the film difficult because he had to imagine where the special effects would later be added; there was no time or budget to re-edit afterward. A rough version of the movie was cut together for a test screening at the Century 22 theater in San Jose, California, in mid-May 1985, just three weeks after filming concluded. The audience was seemingly uninterested at the exposition-heavy opening but became engaged after the DeLorean appeared. At a test screening in Long Beach, California, 94% of the audience responded they would recommend the film; 99% rated it very good or excellent. Gale said there was some concern when Doc's dog Einstein was sent through time, as the audience believed he had been killed. The film was re-cut and screened again at the Alfred Hitchcock theater at Universal Studios for executives, including Sheinberg. He was so impressed he moved the scheduled release date forward to July3, 1985, to give it more time in theaters during the peak summer season. The new date reduced the post-production schedule to just nine weeks for special effects and editing. Zemeckis spent much of June rushing to finish the film. Deleted scenes include: Doc looking at an issue of Playboy, remarking the future looks better; a scene of 1985 George being coerced into buying a large amount of peanut brittle from a young girl; a scene of young George trapped in a phone booth by the man who interrupts his dance with Lorraine; and the scene of Marty pretending to be "Darth Vader", which was shortened. Zemeckis considered cutting the "JohnnyB. Goode" performance because it did not advance the story, but test audiences reacted well to it. There is a dispute if a shot of Stoltz's hand is in the finished film in the scene where Marty punches Biff. Gale noted it is impossible to tell without checking the original film negative, which would risk damaging it. The final 116minute cut was completed on June 23, 1985. Universal Studios took out a full-page advertisement in Variety magazine, thanking the post-production crew for completing their work on time. The final budget was $19million. Music Alan Silvestri composed the score for Back to the Future; he had worked with Zemeckis on Romancing the Stone. The only direction Zemeckis gave him was "it's got to be big". Silvestri used an orchestral score to create a sound that contrasted with the small-town setting and the significant time-changing events occurring within it. He wanted a heroic theme that would be instantly recognizable. Huey Lewis was approached to write a theme song for the film; he was coming off the success of his recent album Sports. He met with Gale, Spielberg, and Zemeckis, who intended that Huey Lewis and the News be Marty's favorite band. Though flattered, Lewis did not want to participate because he did not know how to write film songs and did not want to write one called "Back to the Future". Zemeckis assured Lewis he could write any song he wanted. Lewis agreed to submit the next song he wrote, which was "The Power of Love". Lewis maintains "Power of Love" was his first submission, but Zemeckis recalled a different first song that was rejected. Lewis later acquiesced to Zemeckis's request for a second song, "Back in Time". Musician Eddie Van Halen performed the guitar riff Marty (dressed as "Darth Vader") uses to wake George. The filmmakers wanted to use Van Halen's music, but the band refused to take part, so Eddie took part on his own. Mark Campbell provided Marty's singing voice, but did not receive credit, as the filmmakers wanted to pretend Fox was singing. When music supervisor Bones Howe learned of this, he secured Campbell a small percentage of the soundtrack revenue as compensation. Paul Hanson taught Fox how to use a guitar to play "Johnny B. Goode", and choreographer Brad Jeffries spent four weeks teaching Fox to replicate various rock star moves popularized by artists like Pete Townshend, Jimi Hendrix, and Chuck Berry. Berry withheld permission to use "Johnny B. Goode" until the day before filming, receiving $50,000 for the rights. Harry WatersJr. provided the vocals on "Earth Angel". Design Special effects Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) developed the film's special effects under the supervision of Ken Ralston and Kevin Pike. It contains approximately 27–32 special effects shots, compared to the 300 such shots typical in contemporaneous higher-budget films. Despite working simultaneously on The Goonies and Cocoon, Ralston took on the additional project because it required relatively few effects, and he wanted to realize the planned ending of Marty driving the time machine into a nuclear explosion. The team had a nine-and-a-half-week schedule, reduced to less than nine once Universal Pictures moved up the release date. ILM was working on Back to the Future up to the moment it had to be handed over to print the theatrical film reels. The tight schedule affected the special effects' quality. Ralston was disappointed by the scene where Marty's hand fades away as his future is altered. Fox was filmed separately from his hand and the two were composited together; the hand was filmed with a wide-angle lens, making it appear too large, and it had to be scaled down. Zemeckis wanted a subtle fade, but it resulted in a small circle of the hand fading away and there was no time to fix it. In the same scene, Marty and his siblings fade away from a photo. ILM found it difficult to fade the photo's individual aspects, especially as it was moving on the neck of a guitar. A replica of the guitar neck was constructed at four times the normal size; the guitar strings were made of cable up to a quarter-inch thick. An 11-by-14 aluminum plate was attached to hold the enlarged photograph. ILM used a version of the photo without Marty or his siblings and individually pasted each character into the photo. When this failed, four different photos were used: one containing the background, and one for each McFly sibling. A mechanical camera cycled through each photo and printed it to the film. The enlarged guitar was moved around to add to the realism. The original nuclear explosion ending was considered too complicated and expensive, with an estimated cost of $1million. Art director Andrew Probert storyboarded the scene, which would have been created using sets and miniatures. With the ending moved to the clock tower, ILM researched storms to achieve the right aesthetic. Clouds were constructed from polyester fiberfill, suspended in a net, and filmed from above while Ralston shone a powerful light from below. He used a rheostat to rapidly change the lights' intensity to imitate lightning. Developed by Wes Takahashi's animation department, the lightning bolt that strikes the clock tower was described as "the largest bolt of lightning in cinematic history". It was intended to originate in the distance and move closer, but the footage was filmed too close to the tower and there was insufficient space between it and the top of the frame. There was also an issue with showing the bolt onscreen for too long as it made it more obviously animated. The frame count was reduced, but the bolt did not look chaotic enough. Zemeckis picked out a single frame of the bolt in an "S"formation and asked that the effect focus on that shape and be reduced to twenty frames. The bolt was drawn in black ink on white paper; diffusion effects and a glow were added by the optical department. The DeLorean time machine The DeLorean was developed under the supervision of Lawrence Paull, who designed it with artist Ron Cobb and illustrator Andrew Probert. They intended for the vehicle to look fixed together from common parts. The time machine was originally conceived as a stationary device; at one point it was a refrigerator. Spielberg vetoed the idea, concerned child viewers might attempt to climb into one. Zemeckis suggested the DeLorean because it offered mobility and a unique design; the gull-wing doors would appear like an alien UFO to a 1950s family. The Ford Motor Company offered $75,000 to use a Ford Mustang instead; Gale responded, "Doc Brown doesn't drive a fucking Mustang". Michael Fink was hired as the art department liaison and tasked with realizing Cobb's sketches and overseeing the car's construction. He was recruited by Paull and Canton, who had worked with him on Blade Runner (1982) and Buckaroo Banzai, respectively. Fink had a project lined up but agreed to help in the free weeks he had remaining. Three DeLoreans used were purchased from a collector: one for stunts, one for special effects, and a more detailed hero version for close-up shots. They were unreliable and often broke down. was chosen as the time travel speed because it was easy to remember and looked "cool" on the speedometer. The flying DeLorean in the final scene used a combination of live-action footage, animation, and a 1:5 scale (approximately long) model built by Steve Gawley and the model shop crew. The act of the DeLorean traveling through time was called the 'time slice' effect. Zemeckis knew only that he wanted the transition to be violent. He described it as a "Neanderthal sitting on the hood of the DeLorean and chipping away the fabric of time in front of him". The effect is so quick as to be imperceptible. Zemeckis preferred this, as he did not want the audience to think too much about how everything worked. Art direction and makeup Actual brand names, such as Texaco, were used to make the sets more realistic, and the producers mandated the inclusion of certain brands that had paid to appear in the film. An unidentified gas company offered a large sum to be included, but Paull used Texaco because it reminded him of a joke from The Milton Berle Show. This choice led to some disputes, such as Pepsi parent company, PepsiCo, wanting to omit a joke about the Tab drink made by its rival Coca-Cola. Twenty clock wranglers were needed to synch up the many clocks in the opening scene, and pulleys were used to start them simultaneously. Drew Struzan produced the film's poster. The producers hoped his in-demand poster artwork would generate further interest in the film. The film uses a stylized adaptation of the 1950s aesthetics, closer to television show interpretations than an exact recreation. Modern technologies such as contemporary fabrics were used because the designers believed the fashions of the time were not interesting. To represent characters across three decades, the filmmakers did not want to have older actors stand in for the younger ones, believing the change would be obvious and distracting. Special effects artist Ken Chase performed makeup tests on the young actors to age them; initial results were discouraging. He created a prosthetic neck and a bald cap with a receding hairline for Glover but considered them excessive. Chase found it difficult to balance aging the actors and retaining enough of their natural appearance to remain recognizable. Casts were made of the actors' faces, from which plaster molds were made. Chase sculpted more subtle effects over the plaster molds using latex. For Lorraine, he crafted jowls and eye bags, plus body padding to reflect her increased weight and alcohol abuse. Instead of a receding hairline, Chase changed the style of George's hair; he used prosthetics only to give him a less-defined jawline. Biff's character changed more significantly because Chase wanted him to look "obnoxious"; he was fattened, given sideburns, and a comb over hairstyle to hide a growing bald spot. The prosthetics were combined with makeup and lighting to further age the characters. Chase found the work frustrating compared to his experiences with more fantastical prostheses that made it easier to hide defects. The rubber latex did not reflect light the same way as natural skin, so Chase used a stippling process (creating a pattern with small dots) to variegate the actors' faces to better conceal where the skin and prosthetics met; close-up shots were avoided. Doc's appearance was not altered significantly. Chase painted latex on Lloyd which, when removed, caused crinkles in the skin, onto which other elements, such as liver spots and shadows, were painted. Release Context By June 1985, the theatrical industry had experienced a 14% decline in ticket sales over the previous year's $4billion record sales. The summer period (beginning the final week of May) had 45films scheduled for release, including Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Goonies, Brewster's Millions, Fletch, and the latest James Bond film A View to a Kill. This 25% increase over the previous year's releases led to concerns among industry professionals the competition would divide audiences and limit financial returns, at a time when the average cost of making and marketing a film had increased to $14.5million and $7million, respectively. A higher budget to secure a popular, and thus profitable, cast was considered a suitable risk. Most films scheduled for release were aimed at younger audiences, focusing on fantasy and the supernatural. Reflecting the times, these fantasy elements often employed a technological source instead of a magical one. Only a few films, like Cocoon and Prizzi's Honor, targeted adults. Initially, Back to the Future was scheduled to be released in May 1985, but was pushed back to June21, the earliest Zemeckis could have the film ready. The delay caused by Stoltz's replacement pushed the release back to July19, and later to August. Sheinberg moved the release date forward to July3, giving it an extra sixteen days of theatrical screen time during the industry's most profitable period of the year. The move offered about 100,000 extra screenings, together worth an estimated $40million. He said he also wanted to avoid the negative perception of films released later in the summer period; other blockbuster films were usually released early. The change required renegotiations with theater owners to secure screens in an already-crowded marketplace. In some cities, it was legally required that exhibitors be shown a film before purchase; an unfinished cut of the film was shown to theater owners and young test audiences. They described it as lesser than E.T.the Extra-Terrestrial or Ghostbusters, but still a guaranteed box office hit. Fox was unavailable for promotional work because he was filming Family Ties Vacation (1985) in London. Box office In the United States (U.S.) and Canada, Back to the Future received a wide release on July3, 1985, ahead of the Independence Day holiday weekend. The film earned $3.6million during the opening Wednesday and Thursday, and a further $11.3million during its inaugural weekend from 1,420 theatersan average of $7,853 per theater. Back to the Future finished as the number one film of the weekend ahead of Western Pale Rider ($7million), in its second weekend, and Rambo: First Blood PartII ($6.4million) in its seventh. It retained the number one position in its second weekend with a further gross of $10.6million, ahead of the debuting action film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ($7.8million) and Cocoon ($5million), and in its third weekend, ahead of the re-release of E.T.the Extra-Terrestrial ($8.8million) and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ($5.4million). Although it fell to number two in its fourth weekend, behind the debuting National Lampoon's European Vacation ($12.3million), Back to the Future regained the number one position in its fifth weekend and remained there for the following eight weeks. Recalling the opening weeks, Gale said, "our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is indicative of great word of mouth." The film remained a steady success, earning $155million by October, surpassing Rambo: First Blood PartIIs $149million box office earnings to become the year's highest-grossing film. In total, Back to the Future was the number one film for eleven of its twelve first weeks and remained in the top ten highest-grossing films for a total of twenty-four. By the end of its theatrical run, Back to the Future earned an approximate box office gross of $210.6million, making it the highest-grossing film of 1985, ahead of Rambo: First Blood PartII ($150.4million), the sports drama Rocky IV ($127.9million), and the drama The Color Purple ($94.2million). Box Office Mojo estimated more than 59million tickets were sold. Industry experts suggest that as of 1997 the box office returns to the studio (minus the theaters' share) was $105.5million. The year was considered an unsuccessful one for film. Despite a record number of film releases, ticket sales were down 17% compared with 1984. Industry executives blamed the problem, in part, on a lack of originality, and a glut of youth-oriented films targeted at those under18. Only Back to the Future and Rambo: First Blood PartII were considered blockbusters, earning more than double the box office of Cocoon. Films offering escapism and pro-America themes also fared well. After years of poor performances, Back to the Future, alongside Fletch, Brewster's Millions, and Mask, reversed Universal Pictures' fortunes. Outside the United States and Canada, the film earned a further estimated $170.5million, making it the third-highest-grossing film of the year, behind the romantic drama Out of Africa ($179.1million) and RockyIV ($172.6million). Cumulatively, Back to the Future earned a worldwide gross of $381.1million, making it the highest-grossing film of 1985, ahead of RockyIV ($300.5million) and Rambo: First Blood PartII ($300.4million). Back to the Future has received several theatrical re-releases to celebrate anniversaries, including a remastered version screened in 2010. These releases have raised the film's worldwide total to $388.8million. Reception Critical response Back to the Future received generally positive reviews from critics. Most reviewers agreed Back to the Future was among the year's most entertaining films, partly because of its focus on storytelling instead of pure spectacle. Attansio and Gene Siskel argued that while Back to the Future appeared to be "everything wrong" with youth-targeted films, it successfully subverted expectations by focusing on a relatable narrative with an emotional core, and employed irreverent, good-natured humor. They, alongside Richard Corliss, agreed that it would endure because it offered something for children and adults. Some reviewers, such as Corliss and Leonard Maltin agreed that the exposition-heavy opening was Back to the Futures weakest part, but led into a stronger half filled with "wit", "wonder", "comic epiphany", and original ideas. Dave Kehr remarked that Gale and Zemeckis were among the first generation of filmmakers openly influenced by growing up on televised entertainment, and their inspirations are evident throughout. The Hollywood Reporter said that despite Spielberg's producer role, it was Zemeckis's vision, being more subtle, gentler, and "less noisy". Some reviewers compared it favorably to the 1946 fantasy drama It's a Wonderful Life, which offered a similar premise of a central character changing his future. Roger Ebert said the film offered humanity, charm, humor, and many surprises that were among its "greatest pleasures". Sheila Benson was more critical; she found Back to the Future to be overproduced and underdeveloped, featuring a hollow ending focused on materialistic rewards and lacking tension because Marty's success never seemed in doubt. Siskel countered that the tension came from defying the expectations of a typical time travel film by making the past mutable and the future uncertain. Paul Attanasio criticized some aspects that seemed to be "mechanically" designed to create the broadest audience appeal. The cast performances were generally well received, particularly those of Fox, Lloyd, Thompson, and Glover. Reviewers consistently praised Fox's "appealing" performance, although some believed Lloyd's performance outshone the rest. Kehr and Attanasio considered his uncontrolled performance and unique "intensity" a tribute to mad scientist characters, portrayed by the likes of Sid Caesar and John Belushi, while creating the definitive scientist archetype for modern audiences. In contrast, Vincent Canby and Varietys review said that Thompson's "deceptively passionate" performance and Glover's bumbling-to-confident character provided Back to the Futures standout performances. Some reviewers considered the use of Libyan terrorists, an actual fear at the time, to be in poor taste. Accolades Back to the Future received four nominations at the 43rd Golden Globe Awards, for Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), Best Actor in a Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy) (Fox), Best Original Song ("The Power of Love"), and Best Screenplay (Gale and Zemeckis). The film was also named Favorite Motion Picture at the 12th People's Choice Awards. At the 1986 Academy Awards, Back to the Future received one award for Best Sound Effects Editing (CharlesL. Campbell and Robert Rutledge). It received a further three nominations: Best Original Screenplay (Gale and Zemeckis); Best Sound (Bill Varney, B. Tennyson Sebastian II, Robert Thirlwell, and William B. Kaplan); and Best Original Song ("The Power of Love"). At the 39th British Academy Film Awards, Back to the Future received five nominations, including Best Film, Best Original Screenplay (Gale and Zemeckis), Best Visual Effects (Pike and Ralston), Best Production Design (Paull), and Best Editing (Schmidt and Keramidas). At the 13th Saturn Awards, the film won three awards: Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actor (Fox), and Best Special Effects (Pike). It also won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Back to the Future performed well internationally: it won Best Foreign Producer (Spielberg) and Best Foreign Screenplay at the David di Donatello awards (Italy), Outstanding Foreign Film from the Japan Academy, and the Goldene Leinwand (Germany) for selling more than three million tickets in its first eighteen months. Post-release Home media Back to the Future was released on VHS on May 22, 1986, priced at $79.95, becoming the first film to sell 450,000 units at that price point, and was also the most-rented cassette of the year. A sequel was not planned until after Back to the Futures theatrical release, and a "ToBe Continued..." graphic was appended to the end of the home release to promote awareness of future films. When Back to the Future was released on DVD in 2002, the graphic was removed because Gale and Zemeckis wanted it to be faithful to an in-theater experience. It debuted on Blu-ray in 2010 for the film's 25thanniversary. The release featured a six-part documentary including interviews with the cast and crew, behind-the-scenes footage, deleted scenes, and associated music videos from all three films. The release also included the public debut of footage of Stoltz portraying Marty McFly. For its 35thanniversary in 2020, a remastered 4K Ultra HD version was released on Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray. Along with extras included in previous releases, this edition included audition footage and an exploration of the film's props hosted by Gale. Limited edition steel bookcases and a display replicate of the levitating hoverboard from Back to the Future PartII were also available. The Back to the Future soundtrack was released in July 1985 on cassette tape, LP record, and compact disc (CD). The soundtrack's lead single, "The Power of Love", peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. Sales were initially slow, but it eventually peaked at number twelve on the Billboard 200, in part because of the success of "The Power of Love". Silvestri's score received a limited release in 2009 onCD, containing the film score and unreleased variations. The scores for all three Back to the Future films were first released on LPrecord in 2016, individually and as a collection. Silvestri supervised the remaster of the original master recordings, including previously unreleased tracks, and Gale contributed liner notes. Other media In 1985, film merchandising was a relatively new concept, popularized by the original Star Wars film trilogy (1977–1983). As Back to the Future was not specifically aimed at children, there was no significant merchandising accompanying its release. Although a novelization by George Gipe was released in 1985, one of the earliest items for children, a rideable DeLorean, was not released until 1986. The film and its sequels have since been represented across a wide variety of merchandise including: Playmobil, playing cards, clothing, pottery, posters, board games, sculpted figures, plush toys, Funko POP! figures, action figures, Hot Wheels and die-cast vehicles, books, music albums, and Christmas ornaments. Back to the Future received several video game adaptations. Back to the Future was released alongside the film for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. An arcade-adventure game, Back to the Future, was released in 1989 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Gale called it one of the worst games ever made and advised people against purchasing it. Back to the Future: The Pinball was released in 1990, although Fox refused permission for the game to use his likeness. An episodic graphic adventure game, Back to the Future: The Game, was released in 2010. Gale contributed to the game's narrative, which takes place after the events of the third film. An area in Lego Dimensions is based on Back to the Future and features voice work by Lloyd. Back to the Future: The Ride, a simulator ride, ran from 1991 to 2007 at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida. The ride's development was supervised by Spielberg and featured Doc Brown (Lloyd) chasing down Biff (Wilson) who has stolen the DeLorean. A version of the ride at Universal Studios Japan ran from 2001 to 2016. A Back to the Future-themed Monopoly board game was released in 2015. A Funko board game was released in 2020. It casts players as one of the main characters from the films to battle different Tannens across history. There have been several books about the making of the film series. We Don't Need Roads: The Making of the Back to the Future Trilogy is an oral history by those involved in the production. Back to the Future: The Ultimate Visual History, a book chronicling the development of the entire Back to the Future franchise, was released in 2015. The British Film Institute released BFI Film Classics: Back to the Future about the film's background. The series also includes comic books detailing Doc's and Marty's adventures before and after the events depicted in the films. A crossover between the Back to the Future and Transformers franchises included a transforming DeLorean toy and associated comic books. Thematic analysis Parental relationships and fate The main theme of Back to the Future concerns taking control and personal responsibility over one's destiny: A situation can be changed even if it seems otherwise impossible to overcome. Thompson said the film represents how one moment can have a significant and lasting impact on a person's life. Gale believed Doc provided the perfect summary of the series' running theme, when in Back to the Future Part III he said: "Your future is whatever you make it, so make it a good one." At the start of the film, Marty is rejected at Battle of the Bands and admits he fears his ambitions will remain unrealized. He worries he will end up like his parents and sees direct evidence in 1955 of George, also afraid of rejection, and being unable to approach Lorraine; his fears risk Marty's future. Marty sets about manipulating the past to ensure his survival without concern for what impact his presence in 1955 is having on others. On his return to 1985, he is rewarded with wealthier parents and a nicer car, but he has simultaneously damaged Biff's future, reducing him to a valet for the McFlys. Glover criticized the morality of the film's ending, believing Marty's reward should be happy parents in love with each other, and considered it a result of the film serving corporate interests, promoting the accumulation of wealth and purchasing material objects. In 2015, Zemeckis said the ending was perfect for its time but would be different if he made it now, although Gale disagreed and said he did not apologize for the scene. American audiences generally had no issue with this ending, but it was criticized by some international audiences. Despite rejection by film studios for not being raunchy enough, Back to the Future alludes to sexual assault, racism, and the Oedipus complexa psychiatric theory suggesting a child holds an unconscious sexual desire for their opposite-sexed parent, as in the relationship between Marty and his future mother Lorraine in 1955. The relationships between parents and children are the basis of many elements of the film. Thompson believed the film had remained relevant to new generations because of its core idea that Marty's and the viewer's parents were once children and had the same dreams and ambitions they do. Reaganism and American anxieties Critics Justin Chang and Mark Olsen suggest the film can be seen as promoting Reaganismthe political positions of president Ronald Reaganwhich endorses older values of the American dream, initiative, and technological advancement. The Hill Valley of 1985 is depicted as run down and in decay, while in 1955 it is presented as a more simplistic and seemingly safer time, seen through a nostalgic lens. Marty's future is bettered because he goes back to 1955 and teaches George to be more assertive and self-reliant; his initiative leads to a more prosperous future for Marty with materialistic rewards. The film uses many brand names of the time, ostensibly to make the setting more realistic, e.g. Mountain Dew, Pepsi, and Texaco, but the filmmakers received financial compensation from the brand owners, making their inclusion promotional and commercialistic instead of artistic. Film studies lecturer SorchaNí Fhlainn argues that many 1980s films resulted from the American public's desire for escapism from cultural anxieties and fears, including nuclear proliferation, unemployment, crime, growing inequality, and the AIDS crisis. In her view, films like those of the Star Wars series and Back to the Future offered a childlike reassurance of safety and comfort, emphasizing idealized American values and the positive effects of instilling power in a patriarchal figure like George McFly or Darth Vader. English professor Susan Jeffords considered Doc Brown to be an analog for Reagan, a man who embraces technological advancement, who conflicts with Libyan terrorists and provides the means for a failing family to better themselves. The song "Johnny B. Goode" by Chuck Berry is used during the film's final act. Berry initially resisted allowing the song to be used in the film. NPR argued that while Berry's resistance may have been a matter of money, there are underlying racial issues involved in Marty, a white male, seemingly rewriting history to invent the rock and roll music genre, which was heavily influenced by African-American music. The 1955 segment also presents a distorted view of America, showing an African-American band playing at the high school dance, which would have been disallowed. Similarly, the African-American character Goldie Wilson is seemingly inspired to work towards becoming mayor by Marty's intervention, inspiring a Reagan-style initiative and self-reliance. Influences As film fans, Gale and Zemeckis's influences are seen throughout Back to the Future. There are references to The Wizard of Oz (1939), The Shaggy Dog (1959), Dr. Strangelove (1964), Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), the Star Wars film series, and television shows including Mister Peabody, Star Trek: The Original Series, The Outer Limits, and The Twilight Zone. There are also allusions to 1960's The Time Machine (based on H. G. Wells's 1895 novella of the same name) and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Mark Twain, in which the central character seemingly moves through time. The DeLorean dashboard chronometer uses the same color scheme as the time device of The Time Machine. Critic Ray Loynd opined that Doc can be seen as a King Arthur-type, with Marty serving as his knight. Legacy Cultural influence Since its release, Back to the Future has remained an enduring popular culture touchstone, and in 2007, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry for being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The film elevated Fox from a financially struggling actor to one of the most in-demand and globally recognized stars in Hollywood, and Gale received fan mail for decades after its release. He said he understood the continuing appreciation for the original film as it was the "purest" and "most complete" in the series. Fox compared it to The Wizard ofOz (1939), saying it still appeals to children because they do not think of it as an old film. In 2012, Thompson called it the greatest role of her career. Dean Cundey believed it resonated with fans because it offers the fantasy of going back in time to change things and make the present better. Lloyd described being approached by fans from around the world, who have said the film inspired them to become a scientist. Many of the principal cast have reunited since the film's release. Often these reunions are for charity, including The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's disease (Fox was diagnosed with the disease at age29), and Project HOPE. A 2019 reunion for the TCM Classic Film Festival featured the 4Krestoration premiere of Back to the Future. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Josh Gad hosted a Back to the Future retrospective featuring many cast and crew. The cast has also appeared in advertisements only loosely related to Back to the Future, trading on their associated popularity. The film has global popular appeal, particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Argentina, the Netherlands, and Japan. On October21, 2015 (the day Doc and Marty travel to at the end of Back to the Future, as depicted in Back to the FutureII) an estimated 27million social media users discussed the films; the most active users were in the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Brazil. Ronald Reagan was also a fan, referring to the film during his 1986 State of the Union Address to appeal to America's young voters, saying, "Never has there been a more exciting time to be alive, a time of rousing wonder and heroic achievement. As they said in the film Back to the Future, 'Where we're going, we don't need roads. Although Gale has said that Reagan, after enjoying the joke about Doc Brown's incredulous response to him becoming president, ordered the theater's projectionist to stop the film, roll it back, and run it again, this is disputed by Reagan's advisor, Mark Weinberg. Back to the Future is also seen as responsible for a resurgence of skateboarding in the 1980s. It made skateboarding a mainstream pastime acceptable for all, not just rebellious teenagers. Back to the Future has been referred to in a variety of media, including television, films, and video games. Doc and Marty, respectively, inspired the eponymous characters of the 2013 animated television show Rick and Morty. The British pop rock band McFly are named for Marty McFly. The 2011 novel Ready Player One by Ernest Cline and the 2018 film adaptation (directed by Spielberg) both heavily refer to the film, including the central character using a DeLorean for transport. Filmmaker J. J. Abrams has also cited it as an inspiration. The 2015 crowdfunded documentary Back in Time follows various fans of the series and details the impact it has had on their lives, interspersed with interviews from the crew including Fox and Lloyd. The DeLorean is considered one of the most iconic vehicles in film history. DeLorean's creator John DeLorean was a fan of the film and sent personal letters to Gale and Zemeckis, thanking them for using his vehicle. The DeLorean was not a popular vehicle before the film's release. However, in the years since it has become a popular collector's item, the DeLorean Motor Company issued kits enabling fans to make their vehicle look like the DeLorean time machine. Gale led a restoration of one of the original screen-used DeLoreans in 2011, documented in Out of Time: Saving the DeLorean Time Machine. Modern reception Back to the Future is considered a landmark of American cinema, and one of the greatest films ever made. In 2004, The New York Times listed it as one of the 1,000 Best Movies Ever, and the following year its screenplay was listed as the 56th greatest screenplay of the preceding 75 years by the Writers Guild of America. Throughout the rest of the 2000s, it appeared on Film4's 50 Films to See Before You Die (number10), Empires 500 Greatest Movies of All Time (number23), behind the 1977 space opera Star Wars, and the American Film Institute listed it as the number10 best science-fiction film, based on a poll of fifteen hundred people from the creative community. In 2010, Total Film named it one of the 100 greatest movies ever made, and the following year it was voted by BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 1Xtra listeners as their fourth favorite film of all time. It is also listed in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die. A 2014 poll of 2,120 entertainment-industry members by The Hollywood Reporter ranked it as the 12th best film of all time, again behind Star Wars. In 2015, the screenplay was listed as the 67th funniest on the WGA's 101 Funniest Screenplays list, and Rotten Tomatoes also listed the film at number84 on its list of 200 essential movies to watch. Several publications have named it as one of the best science-fiction films ever made, and one of the best films of the 1980s. Popular Mechanics and Rolling Stone listed it as the numberone and numberfour best time-travel film ever made respectively. Entertainment Weekly named it the 40th most essential film to be watched by pre-teens and the 28th best high-school movie. Marty McFly appeared at number39 on Empires 2006 list of its "100 Greatest Movie Characters"; Doc Brown followed at number76. Rotten Tomatoes assesses approval rating from the aggregated reviews of critics, with an average rating of . The site's consensus reads: "Inventive, funny, and breathlessly constructed, Back to the Future is a rousing time-travel adventure with an unforgettable spirit." Based on this score, Rotten Tomatoes also listed it as the 87th best Action and Adventure film. The film has a score of 87 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". In the United Kingdom, readers of Empire voted the film as 11th on their 2017 list of "The 100 Greatest Movies". Sequels and adaptations A sequel was not initially planned, and the teaser ending of Doc, Marty, and Jennifer flying off in the DeLorean suggested their adventures would continue off-screen. Universal Pictures was eager to pursue a sequel based on the significant financial and critical success of Back to the Future. However, Zemeckis and Gale were reluctant to participate, believing sequels often retreaded the best elements of the original film. They were also concerned that a poor follow-up could alienate Back to the Future passionate fan base, and undermine the pair after their first major joint success. Zemeckis and Gale acquiesced by 1987, once Universal Pictures clarified they would, if necessary, make a sequel without them. The pair's sequel script was so long it was split into two films, Back to the Future PartII (1989) and Back to the Future PartIII (1990); the films were shot back to back. Part II depicts Marty and Doc traveling to 2015, inadvertently enabling the now-elderly Biff Tannen to steal the DeLorean and return to 1955, rewriting history in his favor. Wells and Glover did not return for the sequels. PartII was a financial success but was criticized for its complex, convoluted narrative. Zemeckis has said it is his least favorite film in the series. The final film, PartIII follows Marty as he travels to 1885 to rescue a time-stranded Doc. While the film fared less well financially than the two earlier films, it was more critically well-received than PartII. A 2018 poll by The Hollywood Reporter of 2,200 people found 71% wanted a Back to the Future sequel, ahead of another Toy Story or Indiana Jones film. Gale has said there will never be a fourth film, likening it to "selling your kids into prostitution". He added a Back to the Future film could never happen without Fox, who could not participate because of the effects of his Parkinson's disease. An animated television series, Back to the Future, aired on CBS between 1991 and 1992. It follows Doc's and Marty's adventures through various historical periods, intercut with live-action segments featuring Doc (Lloyd), performing science experiments alongside Bill Nye. A short film, Doc Brown Saves the World (2015), celebrated the film's 30th anniversary. Lloyd reprised his role as Doc, who must travel to the future to prevent a nuclear holocaust in 2045. A musical theater production, Back to the Future, debuted in February 2020 at the Manchester Opera House, England, to positive reviews. The musical was written by Gale and Zemeckis, with music written by Silvestri and Glen Ballard. Gale described it as the best way to give fans more Back to the Future without adding to the film series. Overall, the Back to the Future franchise is considered one of the most successful film franchises in history. References Notes Citations Works cited External links 1980s English-language films 1980s science fiction comedy films American science fiction comedy films American science fiction adventure films American high school films American teen comedy films Back to the Future (franchise) films Films adapted into television shows Films adapted into plays Films set in 1955 Films set in 1985 Films set in California Films shot in Los Angeles Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation winning works Films about bullying Films about time travel Films about teenagers United States National Film Registry films Amblin Entertainment films Universal Pictures films Films directed by Robert Zemeckis Films scored by Alan Silvestri Films with screenplays by Bob Gale Films with screenplays by Robert Zemeckis 1985 comedy films Films about father–son relationships 1980s American films
据巴勒斯坦媒体报道，2023年10月9日，在2023年以色列—哈马斯战争期间，以色列国防军对加沙地带的沙提难民营进行了空袭，空袭造成了数十名平民的死亡，同时摧毁了四座清真寺。10月12日，难民营再次遭受轰炸，又有13人丧生。参考以色列实施的空袭行动
癣必净成分或处方？苯甲酸、水杨酸、硼酸、鞣酸、马勃、伏龙肝。
Cirujeda () is a village in Teruel, Aragón, Spain. It is part of the municipality of Aliaga. References Towns in Spain Populated places in the Province of Teruel Province of Teruel
女性梅毒潜伏期有什么症状？梅毒是一种性病常见的慢性疾病，由于梅毒螺旋体感染，主要通过性传播，基于性能，通常分为梅毒，二期梅毒，叔梅毒，先天性梅毒和潜伏梅毒。女性梅毒潜伏期的症状不明显。通常，梅毒螺旋体在侵入人体后具有2至3周的潜伏期。但是，潜伏期后，梅毒的几种症状会逐渐出现。后身体梅毒的入侵通常有两到三个星期的潜伏期，硬下疳的主要临床特点是通常更可能在阴唇，阴蒂，肛门等部位出现，您可以很容易找到嘴唇，舌头和乳房的其他部位。在毒药的不同时期非常不同的症状，早期感染是最强的，梅毒的主要症状是下疳下疳和淋巴结肿大员，在淋巴结发生在感染后7-60天出现瓜1后1-2周硬痰，二期梅毒在梅毒的第三阶段严重瘙痒症和是严重的症状，例如组织坏死，骨破坏和阴道溃疡。由于梅毒的症状，我们可以知道传染性梅毒对人体非常有害。患者应该有积极的态度，早期诊断，早期治疗，早期治疗和梅毒治疗的不同阶段。早期梅毒，晚期梅毒和神经梅毒主要是用青霉素治疗。由于梅毒有垂直感染，有梅毒史的已婚妇女应在怀孕前接受全面的梅毒检测。它还注重饮食中的轻盈和平衡。梅毒的主要传播途径是性传播疾病的垂直和性传播，对于预防梅毒的主要方面，梅毒未痊愈禁止行为，感染梅毒，性伴侣也应该进行检查和对待，梅毒也要注意生活，避免传染给他人。我们都知道梅毒是一种性传播疾病。与此同时，梅毒仍然是一种对皮肤有一定损害的皮肤病。因此，除了及时治疗梅毒外，还要注意生活和饮食，避免皮肤感染。在生活中，梅毒患者应注意个人卫生，洗衣和换衣服，避免与他人分享私人产品。避免饮食中的辛辣，主要是在清淡的饮食，以避免皮肤的刺激。
《亂世兒女》（）是一部於1990年上映的香港電影，由泰迪羅賓導演，林子祥、梅豔芳、洪金寶、元彪、恬妞、林憶蓮主演。人物角色參考資料外部連結 1990年剧情片 1990年香港電影作品香港劇情片上海民国时期背景电影 1930年代背景電影
阿尔贝·德博尔吉（，），法国前男子水球运动员。他曾代表法国国家队参加1924年夏季奥林匹克运动会水球比赛，结果队伍获得一枚金牌。参考资料法国男子水球运动员法国奥运水球运动员 1924年夏季奥林匹克运动会水球运动员 1924年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主奧林匹克運動會水球獎牌得主法國奧林匹克運動會金牌得主
丙肝治疗最快的办法？丙肝在医学上面称为丙型病毒性肝炎，是消化内科最常见的疾病，是由于丙型肝炎病毒感染肝脏引起肝炎导致的，是具有传染性的一种疾病，主要通过要经输血、针刺、吸毒等方式进行传播，不进行及时的治疗会导致发展成为肝衰竭及肝细胞癌，最后导致死亡，对患者的身体健康有着危害者极大，要进行及时的治疗。丙肝是一种病毒性肝炎的表现，与乙肝一样，可以通过血液传染，目前没有有效治愈药物，如果没有症状，就不要担心，丙型病毒性肝炎(viralhepatitisC，HC)，简称丙型肝炎或丙肝(HC)，是由丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)主要通过血液传播途径，少数通过密切接触传播途径所引起的急性肝脏炎症，临床表现与乙型肝炎相似。急性丙型肝炎虽然有部分患者可以自愈，但对所有的急性丙型肝炎患者应给予积极治疗，因为急性期的疗效好。其治疗可根据患者的具体情况进行适当休息、降酶、保肝、抗病毒及其他对症治疗，其中最主要的治疗当属抗病毒治疗。丙型肝炎是由丙肝病毒（HCV）所引起，是通过输血或血制品、血透析、单采血浆还输血球、肾移植、静脉注射毒品、性传播、母婴传播等传染引起的。丙肝分布较广，更容易演变为慢性、肝硬化和肝癌，在预防丙肝的措施上，筛选献血员是重要一环，凡血中抗-HCV阳性或HCVRNA阳性均不能作为献血员。一般丙肝是可以治愈的，就是彻底摆脱丙肝，需要注射干扰素抗病毒治疗，平时注意休息，要注意饮食，忌酒，忌食辛辣，注意不要过度劳累和熬夜，加强锻炼，提高自身免疫力。
Richard A. Feely is an American chemical oceanographer currently at NOAA and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Education He earned his Ph.D at Texas A&M University in 1974. Research His interests are ocean acidification, and carbon cycling. His highest paper is Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms at 3272 times, according to Google Scholar. Publications Chatterjee, A., M.M. Gierach, A.J. Sutton, R.A. Feely, D. Crisp, A. Eldering, M.R. Gunson, C.W. O’Dell, B.B. Stephens, and D.S. Schimel (2017): Influence of El Niño on atmospheric over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA’s OCO-2 mission. Science, 358(6360), eaam5776, doi: 10.1126/science.aam5776. Lindquist, A., A. Sutton, A. Devol, A. Winans, A. Coyne, B. Bodenstein, B. Curry, B. Herrmann, B. Sackmann, B. Tyler, C. Maloy, C. Greengrove, C. Fanshier, C. Krembs, C. Sabine, C. Cook, C. Hard, C. Greene, D. Lowry, D. Harvell, E. McPhee-Shaw, E. Haphey, G. Hannach, H. Bohlmann, H. Burgess, I. Smith, I. Kemp, J. Newton, J. Borchert, J. Mickett, J. Apple, J. Bos, J. Parrish, J. Ruffner, J. Keister, J. Masura, K. Devitt, K. Bumbaco, K. Stark, L. Hermanson, L. Claassen, L. Swanson, M. Burger, M. Schmidt, M. McCartha, M. Peacock, M. Eisenlord, M. Keyzers, N. Christman, N. Hamel, N. Burnett, N. Bond, O. Graham, P. Biondo, P. Hodum, R. Wilborn, R.A. Feely, S. Pearson, S. Alin, S. Albertson, S. Moore, S. Jaeger, S. Pool, S. Musielwicz, T. King, T. Good, T. Jones, T. Ross, T. Sandell, T. Burks, V. Trainer, V. Bowes, W. Ruef, and W. Eash-Loucks (2017): Puget Sound Marine Waters: 2016 Overview. S. Moore, R. Wold, K. Stark, J. Bos, P. Williams, N. Hamel, A. Edwards, C. Krembs, and J. Newton (eds.), NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center for the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program’s (PSEMP) Marine Waters Workgroup Newton, J., T. Klinger, R.A. Feely, and Washington Marine Resources Advisory Council (2017): 2017 Addendum to Ocean Acidification: From Knowledge to Action, Washington State’s Strategic Response. EnviroIssues (ed.), Seattle, Washington. References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change contributing authors Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science University of Washington faculty Texas A&M University alumni American oceanographers
F the Prom (also known as F*&% the Prom) is a 2017 American teen comedy film directed and produced by Benny Fine and written by him, Rafi Fine, and Molly Prather. In the film, two estranged best friends reunite due to unfortunate circumstances and conspire to destroy the senior prom. The film stars Danielle Campbell, Joel Courtney, Madelaine Petsch, and Cameron Palatas, with Meg DeLacy, Nicholle Tom, Richard Karn, Jill Cimorelli, Luke Bilyk, Brendan Calton, Michael Chey, Adan Allende, Diamond White, Cheri Oteri, and Ian Ziering in supporting roles. It was released online and on-demand on December 5, 2017. Plot Best friends Maddy Datner and Cole Reed attend their first day of high school at Charles Adams High. Cole is pantsed by a fellow student, revealing his white briefs and earning him the nickname "Tighty". Rather than stand up for him, Maddy decides not to intervene, and refuses to talk to Cole from that point on. Three years later, Maddy is at the top of the social hierarchy, and is dating the hottest boy at school, Kane. Cole, still shunned by his peers, has decided to apply to a prestigious art college. Maddy catches her best friend Marissa making out with Kane. Revealing her disgust with Maddy's recent self-centered behavior, Marissa explains that she intends to be crowned Queen at the upcoming senior prom, which Maddy was expected to win. That night, Maddy goes to Cole's house, and they reconnect, reminiscing about their former friendship. Maddy suggests that they ruin the prom, enlisting Cole's friend Felicity to help. Felicity refuses to help at first, but when Maddy stands up for Cole against Kane, she agrees, and enlists the help of other social outcasts to execute the plan. Maddy announces that she intends to take Cole to the prom, which greatly increases his status. Marissa tries to steal Cole's affections, but he rebuffs her. Kane, meanwhile, seeks forgiveness from Maddy. Felicity reveals that at one time, she and Kane were together, until Marissa manipulated Kane into dumping her for Maddy. As the date for prom approaches, Maddy forgives Kane and reneges on her commitment to take Cole as her date. Feeling hurt, Cole nearly calls the plan off, but his father intervenes. A former prom king himself, he has come to regret his behavior in high school, and believes his lack of humility was the reason why Cole's mom left them. He also believes that if his prom had been ruined, he would be more humble. Cole initially does not believe him, but his father urges him to humble the popular kids so they do not turn out like him, and he reluctantly agrees to go through with the plan. The night of the prom, Felicity and the other conspirators rig the voting system, drug Marissa's punch, and turn the popular kids against each other using social media, including posting fake pornographic images of one boy. At the end of the night, Maddy is crowned prom queen, and is thus doused with tar—the punishment intended for Marissa—before one of the kids pulls the fire alarm. Marissa takes revenge on Cole for rejecting her by once again pantsing him in front of the crowd. Enraged, Cole delivers a lengthy speech in which he criticizes how the students have hurt each other in pursuit of popularity that is ultimately without meaning or worth. Cole ignores Maddy for the rest of the school year due to her betrayal at prom and the fact that she could have helped him all the past years in high school, but instead stood idly by and watched as he was tormented by other students. After graduation, Felicity explains to Cole that the only reason he was accepted into the college he has been trying to attend is because Maddy sent his profile in to a recruiter. Unaware of this information, Cole stops by Maddy's house to give her a graphic novel of his drawings as both a thank you and a going-away present, since he leaves for school that weekend. He also confesses his feelings for her. Maddy reciprocates, and they kiss, but Cole ultimately rejects her offer of a relationship, wishing to remain friends instead. Cast References External links 2017 films 2017 comedy films 2010s American films 2010s English-language films 2010s high school films 2010s teen comedy films American films about revenge American high school films American teen comedy films Films about proms Films about school bullying The Orchard (company) films
《故训汇纂》是一部训诂学词典，由武汉大学古籍所编写，主编为宗福邦、陈世铙、萧海波，商务印书馆出版。词典主要以《经籍籑诂》为基础修讹扩编而成，汇集了中国从先秦至晚清各时代文献中的注释材料，引用古籍228种，引据训诂资料约50万条，篇幅约1300万字。另有故训汇纂（两卷本），ISBN 7-100-04734-X，2007年9月1日出版参见训诂学《经籍籑诂》外部链接故训汇纂商务印书馆官方介绍页故训汇纂（两卷本）商务印书馆官方介绍页 G故 G故 2003年中国书籍訓詁學
Leon Norman Hefflin Sr. (August 17, 1898 – November 20, 1975) was a pioneering African-American producer, director, business owner, furniture manufacturer, and entrepreneur. After losing his large and successful manufacturing business in the Depression he rebounded to produce the first and largest outdoor jazz entertainment event of its kind, the "Cavalcade of Jazz," in 1945. Held at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles, it was part of the Central Ave jazz scene, and showcased over 125 artists over 15 years. Early life Leon Hefflin was born in 1898 in Palestine, Texas. His father was a blacksmith and his mother was a cook. His family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2, shortly after the murder of their father. He began technical training in grammar school and found he had a gift for woodworking. He excelled above all other students at 14th Street Intermediate School and his handiwork was entered into the State Exposition in 1915. Entrepreneur Hefflin opened Hefflin Manufacturing Company. He moved his factory four times. Hefflin developed many departments within his factory; dining rooms, living rooms and caskets. Leon was one of the first African-Americans to offer his investors capital stock. Hefflin presented his business plans to the Business League Annual Meeting in Tulsa, Oklahoma (Black Wall Street) in order to expand. He had a factory built and designed by Paul Williams in which he had over 50 employees. Hefflin was listed as one of a few Negro businesses at the time and was valued at $200,000. It was devoted to manufacturing furniture toy making. He eventually lost it at the start of the Depression. Cavalcade of Jazz The Cavalcade of Jazz included performances from Toni Harper, Dinah Washington, Roy Milton, Frankie Lane and others. Leon's last concert was held at the Shrine Auditorium on August 3, 1958. He hosted a beauty contest at the events. His first COJ show starred Count Basie, The Honey Drippers, Valaida Snow, Joe Turner, The Peters Sisters, Slim and Bam and more artists on September 23, 1945. He also produced "Sweet N' Hot" featuring Dorothy Dandridge at the Mayan Theatre downtown Los Angeles. In 1940 he presented the Wings Over Jordan Choir in the Hollywood Bowl. The Shrine Auditorium and the Elks auditorium held many of his events. He built and operated the Royal Appomattox Club and owned a 250-room hotel with cafe. Sweet 'n' Hot Leon rented the Mayan Theater downtown Los Angeles to produce the "Greatest Negro All Star Musical to Hit Coast". His business partner was Curtis Mosby. The featured performer was Dorothy Dandridge. The show had a run of eleven weeks and was going to New York. It closed to rave reviews. and was covered by 20 newspapers across the country. References External links Leon Hefflin, Sr at Find-a-Grave 1898 births 1975 deaths American producers 20th-century American businesspeople
羅東溪是蘭陽溪南岸的最大支流，上游也稱為寒溪，中游又名廣興溪，起源自大元山東北麓，流經宜蘭縣大同鄉、冬山鄉、三星鄉與羅東鎮等鄉鎮，為三星鄉與冬山鄉之界河。羅東溪有番社坑溪（又名古魯溪，起源自番社坑山）、打狗溪（起源自烏帽山）、安農溪與大坑溪（起源自大湖桶山）等支流。番社坑溪與打狗溪兩溪在四方林附近匯合，安農溪與大坑溪在阿里史附近匯合，於鹿埔城附近匯入羅東溪主流，主流於蘭陽大橋前（三星鄉清洲附近）注入蘭陽溪。安農溪與大坑溪流經三星鄉精華區域，提供三星鄉農業所需之水源，安農溪可泛舟，亦建立自行車道，其流域為三星鄉觀光與農業之根本。羅東溪流經冬山鄉之流域，有梅花湖、冬山三清宮等著名觀光景點。參照台灣河流列表蘭陽溪梅花湖冬山三清宮外部連結羅東溪休閒農業區農業易遊網蘭陽溪流域，內有羅東溪詳細的支流與流域圖羅東溪生態檢核工作坊民眾參與生態觀察體驗水利署第一河川局蘭陽溪水系宜蘭縣河川
Fernando de Argila Pazzaglia (26 December 1920 – 8 January 2015), known as Argila, was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Having begun his career with Barcelona in 1940, he moved to Oviedo in 1944 where he made 247 league appearances until 1957. He spent part of the 1951–52 season on loan at Atlético Madrid. He played in one match for the Spain national team in 1954. He was also named in Spain's squad for the Group 6 qualification tournament for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. References External links 1920 births 2015 deaths Spanish men's footballers Footballers from Barcelona Men's association football goalkeepers Spain men's international footballers La Liga players Segunda División players FC Barcelona players Real Oviedo players Atlético Madrid footballers
Kris McQuade (born 1952) is an Australian actress who has had many film, television and theatre roles. Career McQuade's film credits include The Love Letters from Teralba Road, Kostas, Fighting Back, Lonely Hearts, Goodbye Paradise, The Coca-Cola Kid, Strictly Ballroom, Billy's Holiday, December Boys and Cargo. Her television credits include episodes of Fields of Flame, Fields of Fire (1987), Scales of Justice, Palace of Dreams (1985), Certain Women, Skyways, Punishment (1981), A Country Practice, Home and Away, The Flying Doctors, Boys from the Bush, Love Thy Neighbour in Australia (1980), The Last Resort (1988), Wildside, Grass Roots, Blue Heelers, Stingers, Supernova, Wentworth, The Kettering Incident, and Rosehaven. McQuade joined the cast for Wentworth in late 2012 as crime matriarch Jacs Holt, McQuade would feature in the entire first season of the show before the character was killed during the finale. McQuade joined the cast of Rosehaven in the role of Barbara for the show's entire run. Filmography Film Television References External links 1952 births Living people Australian film actresses Australian television actresses Best Supporting Actress AACTA Award winners 20th-century Australian actresses 21st-century Australian actresses
In Japan, is celebrated on February 22 every year since 2005. Public events related to Takeshima are held on this day, and the day is also used to demonstrate Japan's sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks. History Both Japan and South Korea have sworn sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, which is currently occupied by South Korea. Since at least 1954, the Shimane prefectural government has been taking steps to strengthen its sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, and in 1996, the Shimane prefectural government submitted a report to the Japanese government requesting the establishment of an exclusive economic zone that includes the Liancourt Rocks. In 2003, Jodai Yoshiro, an official of Shimane Prefecture, expressed his dissatisfaction to government's attitude at a meeting, saying that "Similarly to the Northern Territories Day, it is desirable to have a national Takeshima Day, as a tool in enhancing the national movement." In March 2005, the Shimane Prefectural Government officially adopted an ordinance establishing the Takeshima Day, intended to "commemorate" the 100th anniversary of Japan gaining control of the islands. Local politicians have tried to elevate this festival to a national holiday. The Japanese government has rejected a proposal to make it a national holiday. In 2013, the central government of Japan sent officials to Shimane Prefecture to celebrate this festival for the first time. Since then, the Japanese government has sent officials to this event for nine consecutive years. Reception In October 2005, the Party for the Protection of Tokdo launched a petition to establish a "Dokdo Day", which was submitted to the National Assembly and accepted on December 10. Citizen groups in Korea have organized several demonstrations in front of the Japanese Embassy against the holiday. Cho Tae-yong, a spokesperson of South Korea's foreign ministry, said in a statement that sending a senior official to the event would undoubtedly harm relations between the two countries. References Liancourt Rocks Politics of Shimane Prefecture Japan–Korea relations Festivals in Japan
Andrew Smith (born 22 June 1967) is an English former professional darts player. He used the nickname The Pie Man for his matches. His best performances came in the "floor" events (non-televised tournaments with many boards being used simultaneously), where he won six PDC Pro Tour titles. Career A former England international, Smith won the England, Welsh and Norway Opens in his early career, as well as qualifying for the British Darts Organisation version of the world championship on four occasions (losing in the first round each time), before switching from the BDO to the PDC. His wins in the Scottish and South-West Regional Finals for the 2005 UK Open saw him enter the televised finals as number one seed, and he later qualified for the Las Vegas Desert Classic. Smith narrowly missed out on an automatic place in the 2006 PDC World Championship after jumping to 33rd in the rankings, but came through the PDPA qualifiers to book his place at the Circus Tavern. He overcame Colin Monk and Ray Carver to reach the last 16, before losing out to Alan Warriner-Little. Smith did not win another Pro Tour title until October 2007, when he took the PDPA Scottish Players Championship in Irvine – beating James Wade with a 108 average in the final. He won a Players Championship in Dinslaken, Germany in June 2009, hitting a nine-dart finish in his quarter final before defeating Colin Lloyd to take the title. Smith suffered three successive first round defeats in the PDC World Championship, losing to Mensur Suljović in 2008, Tony Ayres in 2009, and Darin Young in 2010. He broke this trend in the 2011 PDC World Darts Championship when he beat Shane Tichowitsch 3–1, and reached the last-16 for the second time in his career with a 4–3 win over Mervyn King, which included Smith hitting seven 100+ out-shots. In June, Smith won the Bobby Bourn Memorial Players Championship beating Dave Chisnall 6–2 earning himself £6000. On his way to the final he narrowly beat Wayne Atwood 6–5 before he beat James Richardson also 6–5. He then picked up his form to beat Alan Tabern 6–3 which meant he faced Andy Hamilton 6–2. in the quarter-finals he beat Gary Anderson 6–1 setting up a semi-final clash with the in-form James Wade whom he beat 6–3 before prevailing in the final against Dave Chisnall hitting two 12 darters and two thirteen darters to seal the win. At the 2012 World Championship Smith played Scott Rand in the first round and was beaten 0–3, without winning a leg. At the UK Open, Smith beat Rand 9–6 and came back from 4–8 down in the last 32 to force a decider against Dennis Priestley which he lost. In July, Smith won his first ever match in seven attempts at the World Matchplay following a 10–6 victory over Paul Nicholson. He faced Adrian Lewis in the last 16 and was beaten 7–13. After all 33 ProTour events of 2012 had been played, Smith was 19th on the Order of Merit, comfortably inside the top 32 who qualified for the Players Championship Finals. He was beaten 2–6 by Andy Hamilton in the first round. Smith lost in the first round of the 2013 World Championship to qualifier Daryl Gurney 3–1, hitting just 15% of his darts at a double during the match. He beat James Hubbard 5–3 in the second round of the UK Open, before losing 9–7 to Gary Anderson. Smith's deepest run of the year was at the fourth Players Championship where he lost 6–4 to Jelle Klaasen in the semi-finals. Smith overcame Steve Brown 3–1 in the opening round of the 2014 World Championship but then let a 3–0 set lead slip against James Wade in the second round to lose 4–3, missing two darts for the match in the process. He suffered a heavy 9–3 loss to Gary Anderson in the third round of the UK Open. Smith defeated Kevin Dowling 6–3 and Anderson and Ronnie Baxter both 6–2 at the Austrian Darts Open to play in his sole quarter-final of 2014. He lost to home favourite Mensur Suljović 6–2. He was knocked out of the World Matchplay and World Grand Prix by Wade. At the Players Championship Finals, Smith beat Michael Smith 6–4, before Adrian Lewis won 10–3 in the second round. Smith lost the first two sets of his first round match against Ronny Huybrechts at the 2015 World Championship without winning a leg. He went two nil up in legs in the next set but missed a total of five darts for it to be beaten 3–0. He was unable to get past the last 16 of any event in 2015 and dropped out of the top 32 on the Order of Merit during the year, which meant he failed to qualify for the World Championship for the first time since the 2005 event. He lost 6–5 in the first round of the 2016 UK Open to Jermaine Wattimena. Throughout 2016 he failed to progress beyond the last 32 of a single tournament. He was the world number 74 after the 2017 World Championship and entered Q School to try and win his place on the tour back. One last 64 finish during the four days of play was not enough to do so, and Smith only had a limited selection of events to enter in 2017. World Championship results BDO 1997: First round (lost to Geoff Wylie 2–3) 1998: First round (lost to Les Wallace 2–3) 2000: First round (lost to Co Stompé 2–3) 2001: First round (lost to Co Stompé 1–3) PDC 2006: Third round (lost to Alan Warriner-Little 2–4) 2007: Second round (lost to Andy Jenkins 2–4) 2008: First round (lost to Mensur Suljović 2–3) 2009: First round (lost to Tony Ayres 2–3) 2010: First round (lost to Darin Young 2–3) 2011: Third round (lost to Gary Anderson 0–4) 2012: First round (lost to Scott Rand 0–3) 2013: First round (lost to Daryl Gurney 1–3) 2014: Second round (lost to James Wade 3–4) 2015: First round (lost to Ronny Huybrechts 1–3) Career statistics (W) Won; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Prel.) Preliminary round; (DNQ) Did not qualify; (DNP) Did not participate; (NH) Not held Performance timeline References External links Andy Smith's Official Website English darts players 1967 births Living people Sportspeople from Bromsgrove Professional Darts Corporation former tour card holders British Darts Organisation players PDC ranking title winners
中国人民政治协商会议第一届全国委员会共有委员198人，任期为1949年10月至1954年12月。主席、副主席、秘书长主席：毛泽东副主席：周恩来、李济深、沈钧儒、郭沫若、陈叔通秘书长：李维汉常务委员毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、李维汉、李济深、王昆仑、蒋光鼐、张澜、沈钧儒、章伯钧、黄炎培、陈叔通、章乃器、郭沫若、马叙伦、张奚若、杨秀峰、乌兰夫、朱德、林彪、刘宁一、邓颖超、冯文彬、沈雁冰、梁希、吴鸿宾、陈嘉庚、邵力子 1953年2月7日第四次会议增补：林伯渠、邓小平、胡乔木、张治中、罗隆基、施复亮、马寅初、许广平、黄琪翔、许德珩、陈其尤、蒋南翔、刘长胜、史良、李四光、钱三强、盛丕华、李德全、包尔汉、桑吉悦希、廖承志、吴耀宗、熊克武委员毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、林伯渠、董必武、陈云、彭真、王稼祥、李维、李济深、陈劭先、朱蕴山、李任仁、余心清、郭春涛、王昆仑、蔡廷锴、蒋光鼐、张澜、罗隆基、周新民、楚图南、曾昭抡、沈钧儒、沙千里、章伯钧、郭冠杰、黄炎培、章乃器、胡厥文、施复亮、陈巳生、郭沫若、马寅初、张奚若、李达、符定一、马叙伦、许广平、陈其尤、陈演生、许德珩、黎锦熙、谢雪红、蔡乾、冯文彬、蒋南翔、萧华、马明方、杨明轩、杨秀峰、蓝公武、张鼎丞、荣德生、林枫、车向忱、黄克诚、张轸、方方、陈汝棠、乌兰夫、奎璧、张友渔、周叔弢、杜国庠、任谦、朱德、徐向前、彭德怀、赵寿山、邓小平、高树勋、粟裕、何基沣、林彪、陈明仁、陈漫远、吴奇伟、刘宁一、刘长胜、刘子久、张维桢、易礼容、李凤莲、邓颖超、李德全、史良、陈少敏、张琴秋、沈兹九、张晔、王国华、谭余保、胡明、李景膺、李秀真、廖承志、钱三强、吴晗、谢邦定、方光宇、宋锡恒、陈叔通、盛丕华、李范一、简玉阶、包达三、宋棐卿、刘晓、潘汉年、朱俊欣、蒉延芳、沈雁冰、周扬、郑振铎、梁希、李四光、侯德榜、陈绍禹、邓初民、樊弘、成仿吾、叶圣陶、林砺儒、胡乔木、金仲华、王芸生、潘震亚、宦乡、李承干、吴鸿宾、张冲、朱早观、桑吉悦希、朱德海、王國興、陈嘉庚、司徒美堂、戴子良、蚁美厚、庄明理、费振东、吴耀宗、马坚、赵朴初、宋庆龄、陶孟和、董鲁安、钱昌照、萨镇冰、李书城、张元济、何燏时、黄琪翔、李明灏、李明扬、宁武、陈瑾昆、陈其瑗、张文、冷遹、张治中、邵力子、章士钊、黄绍竑、颜惠庆、江庸、程潜、傅作义、邓宝珊、董其武、林遵、邓兆祥、刘善本、周信芳、梅兰芳、赛福鼎、阿不都哈依尔·吐烈、赵占魁、李时良 1951年10月28日第三十一次会议增补：达赖喇嘛·丹增嘉措、班禅额尔德尼·确吉坚赞、阿沛·阿旺晋美、熊克武、刘文辉、卢汉、周素园、卢作孚、包尔汉、陶峙岳、陈绍宽、黄松坚、邓华、周震鳞、梁漱溟、胡文耀、梅龚彬、唐生智参考文献 01
Star Wars Journal: The Fight for Justice is a 1998 young adult novel by science fiction author John Peel. The novel recounts the events of the film Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) from the point of view of one of its main characters, Luke Skywalker. The book is published by Scholastic and part of the Star Wars Journal Series. Other titles in the series are Star Wars Journal: Captive to Evil (1998) by Jude Watson, Star Wars Journal: Hero for Hire (1998) by Donna Tauscher, Star Wars Episode I Journal: Queen Amidala (1999) by Watson and Star Wars Episode I Journal: Anakin Skywalker (1999) by Todd Strasser. External links 1998 novels Star Wars Legends novels American young adult novels Children's science fiction novels
海蛳螺科（学名：）是一個小型、獵食性或外寄生性的海洋腹足纲软体动物下的一科。舊屬异腹足目，今屬高腹足類支序翼舌類。代表物种有绮蛳螺等。當紫螺科未被合併進本科前，本科物種通常都是白色的。紫螺科（學名：），又名海蝸牛科，原是海蛳螺總科之下的一科，但現時已合併到海蛳螺科去了。這組浮游生物的腹足已演化為槳狀，以產生黏液泡泡來其身體「浮」起來分佈本科物種的棲息地散佈居全世界的海洋，從熱帶地區到南北極。形態描述本科物種大多數都是白色的、有着陶瓷般的外表。這些海螺的複雜幾何殼體結構是值得注意的，而較大物種的貝殼是收藏家所珍視的。類似砲塔形的螺殼由緊密纏繞（也有時纏繞比較鬆散）的凸起螺層形成，產生高高的錐狀螺旋。許多物種中存在精細或微觀的螺旋形（striae）。貝殼有時具有臍孔。本科物種的螺殼具有圓形或橢圓形的殼口，一種通常只見於植食性物種的殻口。其內唇通常都縮小到成為了一條「癒傷組織」（callus）。圓形和角質的口蓋上只有稀少的螺旋紋雙向的，並且緊密地封閉殼口。本科大多數物種的體型都是從小型到微細型，儘管有些物種會比較大，整個科的成螺的殼長在0.6和11.7厘米之間變化。在本科的模式屬海蛳螺属的物種，其殼主要是軸向的雕塑，高度銳利的肋骨“花被”（costae）。這些螺肋可以提供一些防止其他捕食性蝸牛的保護，這將會發現難以或不可能在具有這種障礙物的殼中鑽孔。生態本科物種通常可在海葵或珊瑚附近的沙質底部發現，因為這些物種都是海螄螺科物種的食物來源。有些物種屬於，會主動尋找海葵作食用。關於大多數海蛳螺科物種的生物學特徵知之甚少，當中以Keen (1958)的描述最常被引用。許多本科物種會刻意露出一部分其紫色的身體，顯示這些物種可能是肉食性物種。這些物種可以通過其唾液腺分泌出粉紅色或紫色染料，可能對其獵物產生麻醉作用。Keen還引用了一次直接觀察：一隻海螄螺通過將其插入海葵中進食。另外亦有已出版的文獻描述一種本科物種（着色海蛳螺 Epitonium tinctum；文獻撰寫時仍叫作Nitidiscala tincta）進食海葵時的步驟。這些海螺還會捕食珊瑚和其他腔腸動物。此外，雌性物種會將其誕下的卵子連結到卵筴內，以其黏液覆蓋，埋在沙中：當這些卵筴孵化，幼體會從卵筴脫出，成為自由游動的幼蟲。分類海蛳螺科舊屬車輪螺總科，現時跟遠洋帶的Nystiellidae科組成了海蛳螺总科，而海蛳螺总科亦是翼舌類非正式群組（Ptenoglossa）的成員。海蛳螺科是一個頗大的科，有約630個物種。本分類舊屬中腹足目，也曾屬於异腹足目。屬，WoRMS紀錄本科包括下列各屬： Acirsa Acrilla Acrilloscala Alexania Alora Amaea Boreoscala Cerithiscala Chuniscala Cirsotrema Genus Clathroscala de Boury, 1890 Genus Claviscala de Boury, 1909 Genus Couthouyella Bartsch, 1909 Crebriscala Genus Cycloscala Dall, 1889 Genus Cylindriscala de Boury, 1909 Genus Eccliseogyra Dall, 1892 Genus Eglisia Gray, 1842 Genus Epidendrium A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005 Genus Epitonium Röding, 1798 Genus Filiscala de Boury, 1911 Genus Fragilopalia Azuma, 1972 Globiscala Genus Gregorioiscala Cossmann, 1912 Genus Gyroscala de Boury, 1887 Genus Iphitus Jeffreys, 1883 Genus Janthina Röding, 1798 Genus Narrimania Taviani, 1984 Genus Narvaliscala Iredale, 1936 Genus Opalia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Genus Opaliopsis Thiele, 1928 Genus Papuliscala de Boury, 1911 Genus Periapta Bouchet & Warén, 1986 Genus Proscala Cossmann, 1912 Punctiscala Recluzia nomen nudum Cingulacirsa 以下各屬為異名 Acrilla H. Adams, 1860: synonym of Amaea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Acutiscala de Boury, 1909 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Amiciscala Jousseaume, 1912 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Asperiscala de Boury, 1909: synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Cinctiscala de Boury, 1909: synonym of Asperiscala de Boury, 1909 Cirratiscala de Boury, 1909 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Clathroscala de Boury 1889 : synonym of Amaea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Clathrus Oken 1815 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Compressiscala Masahito (Prince) & Habe 1976 : synonym of Gregorioiscala Cossmann, 1912 Dannevigena Iredale 1936 : synonym of Cirsotrema Mörch, 1852 Foliaceiscala de Boury 1912 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Fragiliscala Azuma 1962 : synonym of Amaea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 FragilopaliaAzuma 1972 : synonym of Amaea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Glabriscala de Boury, 1909: synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Lampropalia Kuroda & Ito, 1961 : synonym of Cylindriscala de Boury, 1909 Mazescala Iredale 1936 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Nipponoscala Masahito (Prince) & Habe 1973 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Nodiscala de Boury 1889 : synonym of Opalia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Nystiella Clench & Turner, 1952 : synonym of Opaliopsis Thiele, 1928 Sagamiscala Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971 : synonym of Globiscala de Boury, 1909 Scala Mörch, 1852 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Scalina Conrad, 1865 : synonym of Amaea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Spiniscala de Boury, 1909 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Turbiniscala de Boury 1909 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 Viciniscala de Boury 1909 : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798 參考文獻 Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: A monograph. Dana Report 38: 1-40, pl. 1 Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp. 1887. Manual of Conchology volume 9, plate 9-10. 延伸閱讀 A. Weil, L. Brown and B. Neville, 1999, The Wentletrap Book: A Guide to the Recent Epitoniidae of the World, Mal de Mer Enterprises 外部連結 wentletrap , Britannica Shell catalogue : EPITONIIDAE Epitoniidae , Wentletraps NC Sea Grant , Seashells of North Carolina Field Guide WentletrapArt, Wentletrapart International Art Residency Program OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Epitoniidae
was mayor of Hiroshima from 1939 to 1943. He survived the atomic attack on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and continued working for the Hiroshima municipality until 1947, when the US authorities purged him from his duties. In January 1946, he was appointed as chairman of the special Restoration Bureau established by the mayor Shichirō Kihara. After losing the right to work, he supported the policies of mayor Shinzo Hamai in reconstruction. He died of stomach cancer. Notes References Shinzo Hamai, A-Bomb Mayor: Warnings and Hope from Hiroshima (Hiroshima, 2010) 1876 births 1951 deaths Mayors of Hiroshima Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) Deaths from cancer in Japan Deaths from stomach cancer
颈椎间盘突出如何锻炼？颈椎间盘突出是椎间盘退变的一种病理过程，退变一开始就预示该节段稳定程度减弱。退变不一定导致椎间盘突出，而椎间盘突出也不代表临床发病，仅预示位临床上出现脊髓或神经根受压的病理基础。因此，不宜将颈椎间盘突出和颈椎病列为同种疾病。椎间盘突出是指突出的髓核和相应的纤维环突向椎管内，不伴或轻度伴有该节段椎体软骨下骨增生，骨赘形成；某些条件下，椎间盘变性并出现相邻节段骨赘形成，但不导致临床发病，一旦椎间盘的纤维环破裂、变性的髓核脱出引起脊髓或脊髓神经根受压而发病。作为致压物是单纯的椎间盘组织，才称之为颈椎间盘突出症。颈椎间盘突出锻炼方法：方法一：拱动腰部。两腿并拢站定，使劲将腰部、臀部往前拱动、挤压，直到极限，然后收回。如此反复１５次。方法二：捶击腰部。取站式，两腿稍分开，左右手半握拳，轮流朝后捶击腰椎间盘突出之处。做5０次，力度以能忍受为宜。方法三：退步行走。挺胸倒走，双手自然前后摆动，步子宜大些，默数５００步。晴天在户外平地上走，雨天时可在室内走。还可以按摩，按摩法非常简单，腰椎突出的那一节两边的肌肉一般比较僵硬，宜推揉放松后，涂上活络酒，每日2次，对促进微循环、消除软组织炎症很有帮助。每日吊5分钟单杠，晚上睡觉时，患者可以在腰椎下方垫上折叠的毛巾，随着治疗的进展逐渐加高，以纠正腰椎键盘突出。颈椎间盘突出患者应以富含钙、蛋白质、维生素日族、维生素C和维生素E的饮食为主。其中钙是骨骼的主要成分，以牛奶、鱼、猪尾骨、黄豆、黑豆等中含量为多。平时不要长久低头伏案少玩手机电脑，经常锻炼颈部的肌肉，注意颈部的保暖，有空坐坐颈椎操。
三个月宝宝厌食症的治疗方法？厌食症顾名思义就是一种不愿意吃东西的病症。很多成年人患上了厌食症，也有很多的小孩子患上了厌食症。对厌食症患者来说，需要积极采取措施来治疗才能够恢复正常的饮食，才能够恢复健康。那么得上厌食症最快的治疗方法有哪些呢。一、心理治疗包括疏导病人的心理压力，对环境、对自己有客观认识，找到适应社会的角度及处理和应付各种生活事件的能力。另外，对健康体魄的概念，标准体重的意义，对自己的身体状况有客观的估价。了解食物、营养学方面的知识。对于家庭关系紧张的患者，必要时可请家人做家庭心理治疗。二、补锌治疗微量元素锌是人体必不可少的，在人体内参与多种酶的合成。锌可通过其参与构成的含锌蛋白对味觉和食欲发生作用，从而促进食欲。人体缺锌，特别是对于生长期儿童影响更为明显。其临床表现是：生长迟缓、食欲不振、味觉迟钝甚至丧失、皮肤创伤愈合不良、易感染等。因此服用新稀宝牌锌硒宝片可以有效补锌，治疗神经性厌食症。三、精神治疗临床中使用较多的为抗抑郁药。病因学中认为该病可能与抑郁症有关所以临床上通常采用药物来调整病人的焦虑情绪。四、中药治疗1、食滞型：由于长期饮食不节，导致食无滋味。应采用消食导滞方法。2、湿困于脾型：由于脾失健运，导致湿困体内，有胸闷、呕吐症状。应采用健脾燥湿方法。3、脾胃阴虚型：由于大量进食辛辣火燥食品导致伤阴，引起口干咽干，干渴无比，形体消瘦，烦躁不安。应采用养阴养胃方法。五、推拿治疗常规手法推五经、掐四逢;揉运神阙;揉运中脘;摩腹(男顺时针转，女逆时针转);拿肚角;揉按足三里;捏脊。
William Ramsey Snodgrass, Sr. (September 15, 1922 – April 20, 2008) was an American accountant who was the 32nd Comptroller of the Treasury of Tennessee from 1955 until 1999, serving 22 terms in that office. Biography Snodgrass was born in 1922 in Sparta, Tennessee. He graduated from David Lipscomb College in 1942. He served in the military during World War II, serving from 1943 until 1946. He received a bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Tennessee in 1947. Snodgrass was appointed as a research assistant at the Bureau of Business Research at the University of Tennessee in 1947. He was then hired as a consultant on municipal accounting and finance at the Municipal Technical Advisory Service of the University of Tennessee in 1951. In 1953, Snodgrass began his career in public service when he was appointed as Tennessee's director of Budget and director of Local Finance. In 1955, the Tennessee General Assembly elected him as the state's Comptroller of the Treasury. He was subsequently re-elected every two years and served a total of 22 terms in office. Snodgrass received many accolades and awards during his long tenure of public service. He retired as Comptroller of the Treasury on January 13, 1999. However, he was given the honorific title of Comptroller Emeritus and maintained an office that he regularly visited until shortly before his death. Due to his long and distinguished career in public service, Tennessee's largest state office building was renamed the William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower. The William R. Snodgrass Distinguished Leadership Award was also created in his honor. Snodgrass died on April 20, 2008, after a short illness. He was survived by his wife, Faye, and three children. References 1922 births 2008 deaths State cabinet secretaries of Tennessee Comptrollers of the Treasury of Tennessee American military personnel of World War II People from Sparta, Tennessee Lipscomb University alumni University of Tennessee alumni
In the 2020–21 season, ASO Chlef is competing in the Ligue 1 for the 30th season, and the League Cup It is their 2nd consecutive season in the top flight of Algerian football. Squad list Players and squad numbers last updated on 15 November 2020.Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Competitions Overview {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" \|- !rowspan=2\|Competition !colspan=8\|Record !rowspan=2\|Started round !rowspan=2\|Final position / round !rowspan=2\|First match !rowspan=2\|Last match \|- ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! \|- \| Ligue 1 \| \| To be confirmed \| In Progress \| In Progress \|- \| League Cup \| colspan=2\| Preliminary round \| colspan=2\| 20 April 2021 \|- ! Total Ligue 1 League table Results summary Results by round Matches On 22 October 2020, the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 fixtures were announced. Algerian League Cup Squad information Playing statistics \|- ! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Goalkeepers \|- ! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Defenders \|- ! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Midfielders \|- ! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Forwards \|- ! colspan=10 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center\| Players transferred out during the season Goalscorers Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal. Transfers In Out Notes References 2020-21 Algerian football clubs 2020–21 season
孕妇被老鼠咬了该怎么办？接触的物体多了，细菌的在人、物之间的传播，导致疾病的产生。怀孕期间，不慎被老鼠咬伤了，需要去医院感染科就诊明确诊断，消毒处理伤口，注射破伤风和狂犬疫苗，以免引起感染，不会影响什么的。而且孕妇是比较脆肉的人群，要是可注意保护自己，如果严重要去医院进行检查治疗。被老鼠咬出血怎么办之酒精冲洗伤口被咬伤以后第一反应就是消毒处理,一般不处理伤口的情况下,发病率仅2--4%,消毒以后就更低了,所以在被咬伤以在病毒感染你之前用酒精消灭它。医用酒精是消毒效果最好的,你去任意的一个小药店都有这种酒精,如果伤口很小只是一层皮破了,你只要用棉签擦拭即可。如果伤口比较深,你可以将酒精倒在伤口上冲洗。被老鼠咬出血注射疫苗，.湿敷并服药。对鼠咬伤的局部可用浓外用药膏，同时应用药物，四环素等进行预防性治疗。.注射狂犬病血清。伤口处理完后,如被犬咬伤过重或高度可疑狂犬咬伤时，应立即到当地防疫部门注射狂犬血清。注射狂犬病疫苗。在注射狂犬病血清最少3小时后再接种狂犬病疫苗,这样才能有效预防狂犬病。同时,市民在捕捉老鼠时要做好个人防护措施,并养成良好的饮食卫生习惯非常重要,要经常洗手、不吃不干净的食物,蔬菜、瓜果一定要洗干净;如果发现家中食物有被老鼠啃咬的痕一定不要食用。被老鼠咬出血后卧床作息卧床休息不要过度劳累,并不是说病毒进入你的体内你就一定会发病,你还有最后的防线——抵抗力。注意多休息可以提高抵抗力。另外，一周以内随时观察体温，一旦发烧就应该怀疑自己可能是被感染了,那样就应该尽快去医院进行治疗。一周以内如果没有出现体温升高,你就可以放心了。对于这个情况来书建议你先到医院去做处理，先把伤口清洗，然后看是否需要注射疫苗防止感染，平时要尽量生活在比较安全的环境。伤口需要进行清洁，并且你的情况是需要注射狂犬疫苗的。
仰卧起坐对卵巢有帮助吗？仰卧起坐是一个很好的运动项目，可以有助于锻炼腹部肌肉，促进腹部脂肪动员，减少腹部赘肉，改善体型。卵巢是女性性腺，卵巢主要功能是分泌甾体激素，促进卵泡成熟并排卵。如果女性过度肥胖，会导致多囊卵巢综合症，从而影响内分泌功能，所以从这一角度来讲，做仰卧起坐对卵巢功能是有一定的帮助的。另外如果盆腔有炎症黏连，通过做仰卧起坐也可能对盆腔黏连有一定的预防作用。值得提醒的是，女性如果是黄体期，不建议剧烈运动，过多过快做仰卧起坐，以免引发黄体破裂。仰卧起坐对女性好处较多，首先是加快新陈代谢，增强血液循环，使皮肤得到更多营养，增加吸氧与排汗能力。同时能提高血氧含量，使全身细胞获得更多的氧和营养物质。其次，仰卧起坐还能提高皮肤温度，有利于皮肤合成胶原纤维，促进皮肤细胞储存水分，防止皮肤干燥、起皱。长期坚持运动的人，比不参加运动的人皮肤密度大、弹性好，脸部皱纹明显的少，肤色好，是显得年轻的一大原因。第三，多运动能增加抗病排毒能力。长期坚持仰卧起坐运动能提高身体的免疫功能，增加血清免疫球蛋白，利于提高机体应激能力，增强对疾病的免疫力和病后康复力，并能推迟人体衰老的生理过程。仰卧起坐可以缓解一些妇科疾病，包括对卵巢有帮助作用。仰卧起坐是发展躯干肌肉力量和伸张性的一种方法，能很好地锻炼腹部肌肉，腹部肌肉收紧可以更好地保护腹腔内的脏器。医生说女性做屈膝仰卧起坐，能锻炼腹股沟。腹股沟有许多毛细血管和穴位，做仰卧起坐刺激血管，促进腹部血液循环，从而治疗和缓解妇科疾病。
《福至如归》（）是英國廣播公司（BBC）推出的英國電視劇《新福爾摩斯》的一支短片，於2013年12月24日（平安夜）在BBC One播出；該片由馬克·加蒂斯與史蒂芬·莫法特編劇，並由傑瑞米·洛夫林（）執導，講述萊辛巴赫墜樓案後的一些事情。除了飾演福爾摩斯與約翰·華生的班奈狄克·康柏拜區及馬丁·費里曼外，飾演雷斯垂德（）的魯伯特·格雷夫斯與飾演安德森（）的亦有出演該片。該片可在BBC iPlayer，和BBC的YouTube頻道上觀賞。在發布的一週內，該片在BBC iPlayer和BBC Red Button上被瀏覽了約150萬次。劇情在萊辛巴赫墜樓案後，有某神秘人接連的偵破罪案。他先在西藏發現一名女毒贩伪装成僧徒，並躲在寺庙中。之後，他又在印度破案。然後，他在德国化身成陪审员，在一个案件中，他在其他陪审员都认为被告无罪的情况下使得被告被定罪。安德森（）认为这人就是-{zh-tw:福爾摩斯;zh-cn:夏洛克;}-，並相信他即将回到英国，但雷斯垂德（）探长不认同。之后，雷斯垂德将-{zh-tw:福爾摩斯;zh-cn:夏洛克;}-留下的一些物品转交给华生，其中包括一份-{zh-tw:福爾摩斯;zh-cn:夏洛克;}-为了说明自己不参加华生生日会的原因而录制的DVD。在影片中，-{zh-tw:福爾摩斯;zh-cn:夏洛克;}-對華生說「我马上就会回来」。同時，雷斯垂德在街头行走时，路人阅读的报纸封面也印着「遊戲繼續」的文字。最后，华生的门铃响了，而本来被暂停的视频则開始繼續播放。製作《福至如歸》由傑瑞米·洛夫林（）執導，馬克·加蒂斯與史蒂芬·莫法特編劇。該片的開頭——在西藏的場景——原本出現在《空靈柩》的劇本初稿，後來劇組將其稍作改編，放入《福至如歸》中。2013年12月初，據報導，《福至如归》將在同年圣诞节到2014年元旦之间播出，接著就是《神探夏洛克》第三季回归的日子，这一种制作迷你剧的形式在之前《神秘博士》时BBC就曾经使用过。發布與反響《福至如歸》於2013年12月24日（平安夜）在BBC One播出。此外，該片亦可在BBC iPlayer，和BBC的YouTube頻道上觀賞。在發布的一週內，該片在BBC iPlayer和BBC Red Button上被瀏覽了約150萬次。編劇馬克·加蒂斯稱其為「驚人的反響」。剧中-{zh-tw:福爾摩斯;zh-cn:夏洛克;}-在DVD里自言自语“我接下来该怎么做”之后，华生接了一句“我来告诉你怎么做：你可以别死”，而DVD中的福尔摩斯则很快接了一句“好的”，有许多网友将这一段截图转发并表示看着落泪。此外，由BBC營運的华生的博客亦更新了一篇题为「Happy Many Returns」的文章。該文章由曾為《超時空奇俠》及《火炬木》創作過虛構網站的喬瑟夫·李德斯特編寫。参考资料外部链接豆瓣上的专页《神探夏洛克：福至如归》短篇电影 BBC電影新福尔摩斯
《慢．慢愛》是余憲忠（被稱為No Name）於2006年3月24日由大熊星娛樂及環球音樂發行的專輯，是他個人第二張專輯。在前一張專輯《No Name》之中，余憲忠並沒有公佈自己的本名，而是用「No Name」這個稱號，而在《慢．慢愛》這張專輯中，他第一次公布自己的本名，並宣稱要當全職歌手。2006年3月25日，在唱片發行隔天，余憲忠在陽明山光復樓舉行演唱會，也是第一個在該場地演唱的歌手。該專輯於發行首週就成為暢銷排行榜第二名。曲目參考文獻外部連結余憲忠的個人blog 台灣流行音樂專輯 2006年臺灣音樂專輯
《新觀察家》（，；常簡寫作：L'OBS），是一家法語新聞類周刊雜誌，總部位於巴黎。自1964年創立伊始，該報便涉足政治、經濟等領域。其新聞覆蓋範圍包括歐洲、中東和非洲的政治、商業及文化問題。被描述為“法國吃魚子醬的左派人士的半官方機構”（quasi-official organ of France's gauche caviar）。參考文獻外部連結 Le Nouvel Observateur website Mobile version The Nouvel Observateur's 2004 Charter "At home with the gurus in neckties.", Nouvel Observateur, French newspaper, May 19, 2005, by Marie Lemonnier. 巴黎杂志法語雜誌週刊 1964年開始發行的出版物新闻杂志
埃伯斯纸草卷是什么?？埃伯斯纸草卷于1873–74年冬天在埃及的卢克索购买了它。它目前保存在德国莱比锡大学的图书馆中。整份卷轴大约有110页，被认为是世界上最古老的医学文献之一，内容包含有大约700种神奇配方和草药。这份文献更说明了古埃及人对心脏作为身体血液供应中心的认识，但同时也包含了摆脱恶魔的咒语，更涵盖了避孕、哮喘、骨骼、牙科和烧伤等医学科目。这份纸莎草中描写了一种可以用在哮喘病人身上的加热草药医学疗法，内容指示患者要吸入特定草药加热后产生的烟雾；内容中更有一种可以治疗几内亚线虫病的方法，在3500多年后的今天仍在使用。
肝炎胆囊炎最佳治疗方法是什么？通常是指由多种致病因素--如病毒、细菌、寄生虫、化学毒物、药物、酒精、自身免疫因素等使肝脏细胞受到破坏，肝脏的功能受到损害，引起身体一系列不适症状，以及肝功能指标的异常。由于引发肝炎的病因不同，虽然有类似的临床表现，但是在病原学、血清学、损伤机制、临床经过及预后、肝外损害、诊断及治疗等方面往往有明显的不同。需要注意的是，通常我们生活中所说的肝炎，多数指的是由甲型、乙型、丙型等肝炎病毒引起的病毒性肝炎。胆囊炎分为急性和慢性两种类型，常与胆石症合并存在。右上腹剧痛或绞痛，多见于结石或寄生虫嵌顿梗阻胆囊颈部所致的急性胆囊炎，疼痛常突然发作，十分剧烈，或呈绞痛样。胆囊管非梗阻性急性胆囊炎时，右上腹疼痛一般不剧烈，多为持续性胀痛，随着胆囊炎症的进展，疼痛亦可加重，疼痛呈放射性，最常见的放射部位是右肩部和右肩胛骨下角等处。平时的饮食要以清淡易消化为宜,避免暴饮暴食,过饥过饱,忌食不洁,生冷,辛辣,油腻,刺激性食物,绝对戒酒.忌吃年糕,糯米,巧克力,奶油,红烧肉,猪蹄等难消化的食物避免急性胆囊炎的发生。积极预防和治疗细菌感染及并发症，注意饮食卫生，防止胆道寄生虫病的发生，并积极治疗肠蛔虫症。生活起居有节制，注意劳逸结合、寒温适宜，保持乐观情绪及大便通畅。本病若有结石，或经常发作，可考虑手术治疗。应选用低脂肪餐，以减少胆汁分泌，减轻胆囊负担。病人有心、肝、肺等严重疾病或全身情况不能耐受手术，可予内科治疗。
彼得·马修斯（，）是一名专长于400米赛跑的牙买加短跑运动员。他曾代表牙买加参加2016年里约奥运，结果获得男子4×400米接力项目的银牌。他也参加了2015年世界田径锦标赛，在男子400米项目上进入半决赛。参考资料牙买加短跑运动员牙買加奧運田徑運動員牙買加奧林匹克運動會銀牌得主 2016年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主 2016年夏季奧林匹克運動會田徑運動員奥林匹克运动会田径银牌得主
切波雷县（），又译芝博雷县、泽波里县、浙波里县、章柏利县，是柬埔寨桔井省下辖的一个县。 2018年5月，该县发生村民中毒事件，截止5月5日，已导致6人丧生，另有52人在医院接受治疗。参考资料桔井省柬埔寨县份
The McCrudden light machine rifle is a light machine gun of Australian origin. History The McCrudden light machine rifle was invented by ex-Australian serviceman John Charles Raginald McCrudden (known as Reg) following his discharge from the AIF in 1917. It is believed there are only two surviving examples of this interesting weapon, one being held in the Pattern Room in Leeds, England. The other McCrudden Light Machine Rifle Mk1 is on extended loan to the Power House Museum exhibition in Sydney, Australia. McCrudden's first hand-built prototype was believed to have been manufactured at an engineering workshop in Randwick, Sydney. McCrudden and his guns traveled from Sydney to Jervis Bay for an audience with Commodore J S Dumaresq and Lt Cmdr Burgh. He was received favorably and recommendations were made that he should take the gun to England for assessment by the British War Office, Dumaresq forwarding a favorable report in light of the Navy's pending trials to select a weapon to replace the Lewis Gun. Following Dumaresq's advice McCrudden took his designs to England where he had additional weapons made by Kingsway Manufacturing Company Ltd in London. Overview According to a press report in the Daily Telegraph of August 6, 1921 McCrudden alleged that his gun was foolproof, with only seven moving parts and had the advantage of having a variable rate of fire adjustable to ‘fire one or 800 rounds per minute as easily as one can operate a throttle’. In addition the gun could also be easily converted to water cooling for sustained fire. Both the Mk and the later Miki suffered chronic misfeeds due to the internal design of the gun and the location of the magazine at the side of the gun. Had McCrudden relocated the magazine to the top, he may well have had a successful design. References Light machine guns Machine guns of Australia Trial and research firearms of Australia Rifles of Australia
请描述维甲酸综合征的发病机制？维甲酸综合症的发病机制尚未充分阐明，可能与细胞因子的表达增加有关。
The Australian Wallabies first played against France (Les Bleus) in 1928, resulting in a win to Australia. They did not win again until 1968, although in recent years Australia have dominated the encounter and have historically won more matches and have a better points difference. Summary Overview Records Note: Date shown in brackets indicates when the record was or last set. Results List of series Notes References External links Pick and Go Rugby test match database Australia national rugby union team matches France national rugby union team matches Rugby union rivalries in France Australia–France sports relations Rugby union rivalries in Australia
中医如何治疗尿频尿急尿痛？中医把尿频尿急尿痛基本分为几个类型，这几个类型呢虚实都有，虚呢就是虚症引起的尿频，和实证引起的尿频，比如湿热之类.如果要和西医做对比，那么这些虚症可以理解为一些慢性病症引起的尿频，二湿热之类就属于急性细菌病症引起的尿频。那么中医如何治疗尿频尿急尿痛？对于第一种膀胱湿热治疗，这得清热利湿，但有些病人出现膀胱湿热，伴随着其他问题比如肾虚之类，那么清热利湿同时的温补肾阳，不然没啥用，因为清热利湿的多半苦寒，会加重虚症，自然加重肾虚，从而加重尿频（西医没法治，因为西医没湿热这说法，常见的是消炎杀菌，而湿热会生污浊，也就西医说的炎症，但只是治标）第二种治疗，清热补阴补，但同时的补肝阴，因为肝肾同源，如果肾阴虚严重，多半伴随肝阴虚，当然阴虚也会伴随湿热这些问题，所以治疗得根据个人看。（西医没法治这种，因为西医没肾虚这病症）第三种治疗呢，就是温阳补肾，这是最常见的尿频症状，多数人夜尿频繁，也就是肾阳，肾气亏虚所致，所以温补一段时间久彻底治愈，当然肾虚和湿热，也可能存在同时，因此还是得找中医根据个人看。（西医没法治）第四种治疗，就是补脾益肺，除风除寒，这种呢，打个比方很多人感冒就是风寒入侵，从而导致脾肺虚，出现咳嗽尿频，等症状，其实就是这种类型。西医治疗，西医呢治疗，一般是开一点中成药治疗，药只能消炎，单一没用。尿频尿急尿痛原因呢多种多样，但常见的基本就是这些类型。尿频尿急尿痛不是个简单的小事，如果偶尔出现不用管，经常如此就得注意，不要让它毁了你的生活工作爱情。
COMCOM may refer to: Communicative competence Commerce Commission, New Zealand government agency Federal Communications Commission of the Swiss Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications Communauté de communes, in France See also COMCO (disambiguation)
The 1995–96 Vancouver Canucks season was the Canucks' 26th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). It marked the year they played their first season in General Motors Place, the year future star Markus Naslund joined the team, and Cliff Ronning's final season with the Canucks. Regular season On March 28, head coach Rick Ley was fired with six games left in the regular season. Standings Schedule and results Regular season \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|1\|\|L\|\|October 9, 1995\|\|3–5 \|\| align="left"\| Detroit Red Wings (1995–96) \|\|0–1–0 \|\| \|- align="center" \|2\|\|T\|\|October 12, 1995\|\|7–7 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Los Angeles Kings (1995–96) \|\|0–1–1 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|3\|\|W\|\|October 14, 1995\|\|7–6 \|\| align="left"\| @ San Jose Sharks (1995–96) \|\|1–1–1 \|\| \|- align="center" \|4\|\|T\|\|October 15, 1995\|\|3–3 OT\|\| align="left"\| Los Angeles Kings (1995–96) \|\|1–1–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|5\|\|W\|\|October 18, 1995\|\|5–1 \|\| align="left"\| @ Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1995–96) \|\|2–1–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|6\|\|L\|\|October 21, 1995\|\|4–6 \|\| align="left"\| @ Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|2–2–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|7\|\|L\|\|October 24, 1995\|\|2–5 \|\| align="left"\| @ New York Rangers (1995–96) \|\|2–3–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|8\|\|W\|\|October 25, 1995\|\|4–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ New Jersey Devils (1995–96) \|\|3–3–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|9\|\|L\|\|October 28, 1995\|\|1–4 \|\| align="left"\| Winnipeg Jets (1995–96) \|\|3–4–2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|10\|\|W\|\|October 30, 1995\|\|4–3 \|\| align="left"\| San Jose Sharks (1995–96) \|\|4–4–2 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" \|11\|\|T\|\|November 1, 1995\|\|3–3 OT\|\| align="left"\| Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|4–4–3 \|\| \|- align="center" \|12\|\|T\|\|November 3, 1995\|\|4–4 OT\|\| align="left"\| Toronto Maple Leafs (1995–96) \|\|4–4–4 \|\| \|- align="center" \|13\|\|T\|\|November 4, 1995\|\|4–4 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|4–4–5 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|14\|\|W\|\|November 7, 1995\|\|5–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ New York Islanders (1995–96) \|\|5–4–5 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|15\|\|L\|\|November 9, 1995\|\|2–5 \|\| align="left"\| @ Chicago Blackhawks (1995–96) \|\|5–5–5 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|16\|\|L\|\|November 11, 1995\|\|4–8 \|\| align="left"\| Colorado Avalanche (1995–96) \|\|5–6–5 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|17\|\|L\|\|November 12, 1995\|\|2–4 \|\| align="left"\| Montreal Canadiens (1995–96) \|\|5–7–5 \|\| \|- align="center" \|18\|\|T\|\|November 16, 1995\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Florida Panthers (1995–96) \|\|5–7–6 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|19\|\|L\|\|November 18, 1995\|\|4–5 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Tampa Bay Lightning (1995–96) \|\|5–8–6 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|20\|\|L\|\|November 19, 1995\|\|2–3 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Philadelphia Flyers (1995–96) \|\|5–9–6 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|21\|\|L\|\|November 22, 1995\|\|3–4 \|\| align="left"\| @ Dallas Stars (1995–96) \|\|5–10–6 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|22\|\|W\|\|November 23, 1995\|\|3–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ St. Louis Blues (1995–96) \|\|6–10–6 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|23\|\|L\|\|November 25, 1995\|\|2–7 \|\| align="left"\| @ San Jose Sharks (1995–96) \|\|6–11–6 \|\| \|- align="center" \|24\|\|T\|\|November 29, 1995\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| Chicago Blackhawks (1995–96) \|\|6–11–7 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|25\|\|W\|\|December 1, 1995\|\|7–2 \|\| align="left"\| San Jose Sharks (1995–96) \|\|7–11–7 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|26\|\|W\|\|December 5, 1995\|\|6–2 \|\| align="left"\| Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|8–11–7 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|27\|\|L\|\|December 8, 1995\|\|3–6 \|\| align="left"\| St. Louis Blues (1995–96) \|\|8–12–7 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|28\|\|W\|\|December 9, 1995\|\|4–3 \|\| align="left"\| @ Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|9–12–7 \|\| \|- align="center" \|29\|\|T\|\|December 13, 1995\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|9–12–8 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|30\|\|W\|\|December 17, 1995\|\|4–1 \|\| align="left"\| Ottawa Senators (1995–96) \|\|10–12–8 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|31\|\|W\|\|December 18, 1995\|\|4–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Colorado Avalanche (1995–96) \|\|11–12–8 \|\| \|- align="center" \|32\|\|T\|\|December 20, 1995\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Los Angeles Kings (1995–96) \|\|11–12–9 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|33\|\|W\|\|December 22, 1995\|\|6–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1995–96) \|\|12–12–9 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|34\|\|L\|\|December 23, 1995\|\|0–1 \|\| align="left"\| Detroit Red Wings (1995–96) \|\|12–13–9 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|35\|\|L\|\|December 26, 1995\|\|2–4 \|\| align="left"\| Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|12–14–9 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|36\|\|L\|\|December 28, 1995\|\|2–3 \|\| align="left"\| New York Rangers (1995–96) \|\|12–15–9 \|\| \|- align="center" \|37\|\|T\|\|December 31, 1995\|\|5–5 OT\|\| align="left"\| Philadelphia Flyers (1995–96) \|\|12–15–10 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|38\|\|W\|\|January 3, 1996\|\|7–2 \|\| align="left"\| Florida Panthers (1995–96) \|\|13–15–10 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|39\|\|W\|\|January 6, 1996\|\|9–2 \|\| align="left"\| Tampa Bay Lightning (1995–96) \|\|14–15–10 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|40\|\|L\|\|January 8, 1996\|\|5–8 \|\| align="left"\| @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1995–96) \|\|14–16–10 \|\| \|- align="center" \|41\|\|T\|\|January 10, 1996\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Montreal Canadiens (1995–96) \|\|14–16–11 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|42\|\|W\|\|January 13, 1996\|\|5–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1995–96) \|\|15–16–11 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|43\|\|W\|\|January 15, 1996\|\|6–0 \|\| align="left"\| @ Boston Bruins (1995–96) \|\|16–16–11 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|44\|\|L\|\|January 16, 1996\|\|0–3 \|\| align="left"\| @ Hartford Whalers (1995–96) \|\|16–17–11 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|45\|\|L\|\|January 22, 1996\|\|4–6 \|\| align="left"\| Dallas Stars (1995–96) \|\|16–18–11 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|46\|\|L\|\|January 24, 1996\|\|1–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1995–96) \|\|16–19–11 \|\| \|- align="center" \|47\|\|T\|\|January 25, 1996\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Colorado Avalanche (1995–96) \|\|16–19–12 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|48\|\|W\|\|January 27, 1996\|\|6–3 \|\| align="left"\| New York Islanders (1995–96) \|\|17–19–12 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|49\|\|L\|\|January 30, 1996\|\|2–3 OT\|\| align="left"\| New Jersey Devils (1995–96) \|\|17–20–12 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" \|50\|\|T\|\|February 1, 1996\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ St. Louis Blues (1995–96) \|\|17–20–13 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|51\|\|W\|\|February 2, 1996\|\|5–4 \|\| align="left"\| @ Dallas Stars (1995–96) \|\|18–20–13 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|52\|\|W\|\|February 4, 1996\|\|4–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Winnipeg Jets (1995–96) \|\|19–20–13 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|53\|\|L\|\|February 7, 1996\|\|3–5 \|\| align="left"\| Hartford Whalers (1995–96) \|\|19–21–13 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|54\|\|W\|\|February 9, 1996\|\|3–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| @ Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|20–21–13 \|\| \|- align="center" \|55\|\|T\|\|February 10, 1996\|\|4–4 OT\|\| align="left"\| Washington Capitals (1995–96) \|\|20–21–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|56\|\|W\|\|February 13, 1996\|\|5–4 \|\| align="left"\| Winnipeg Jets (1995–96) \|\|21–21–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|57\|\|W\|\|February 15, 1996\|\|5–3 \|\| align="left"\| Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1995–96) \|\|22–21–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|58\|\|L\|\|February 17, 1996\|\|1–4 \|\| align="left"\| Boston Bruins (1995–96) \|\|22–22–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|59\|\|L\|\|February 19, 1996\|\|3–4 \|\| align="left"\| @ Detroit Red Wings (1995–96) \|\|22–23–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|60\|\|W\|\|February 21, 1996\|\|5–3 \|\| align="left"\| @ Winnipeg Jets (1995–96) \|\|23–23–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|61\|\|W\|\|February 23, 1996\|\|3–1 \|\| align="left"\| San Jose Sharks (1995–96) \|\|24–23–14 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|62\|\|L\|\|February 27, 1996\|\|4–7 \|\| align="left"\| Pittsburgh Penguins (1995–96) \|\|24–24–14 \|\| \|- align="center" \|63\|\|T\|\|February 29, 1996\|\|2–2 OT\|\| align="left"\| St. Louis Blues (1995–96) \|\|24–24–15 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|64\|\|W\|\|March 2, 1996\|\|3–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Detroit Red Wings (1995–96) \|\|25–24–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|65\|\|W\|\|March 3, 1996\|\|3–0 \|\| align="left"\| @ Buffalo Sabres (1995–96) \|\|26–24–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|66\|\|W\|\|March 6, 1996\|\|5–2 \|\| align="left"\| Buffalo Sabres (1995–96) \|\|27–24–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|67\|\|L\|\|March 9, 1996\|\|5–7 \|\| align="left"\| Colorado Avalanche (1995–96) \|\|27–25–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|68\|\|L\|\|March 12, 1996\|\|0–9 \|\| align="left"\| @ Washington Capitals (1995–96) \|\|27–26–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|69\|\|L\|\|March 14, 1996\|\|1–5 \|\| align="left"\| @ Chicago Blackhawks (1995–96) \|\|27–27–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|70\|\|L\|\|March 15, 1996\|\|0–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Ottawa Senators (1995–96) \|\|27–28–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|71\|\|L\|\|March 17, 1996\|\|2–4 \|\| align="left"\| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1995–96) \|\|27–29–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|72\|\|L\|\|March 19, 1996\|\|3–4 \|\| align="left"\| Colorado Avalanche (1995–96) \|\|27–30–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|73\|\|W\|\|March 22, 1996\|\|5–2 \|\| align="left"\| Dallas Stars (1995–96) \|\|28–30–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|74\|\|L\|\|March 23, 1996\|\|0–4 \|\| align="left"\| Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|28–31–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|75\|\|W\|\|March 25, 1996\|\|4–1 \|\| align="left"\| Los Angeles Kings (1995–96) \|\|29–31–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|76\|\|L\|\|March 27, 1996\|\|2–6 \|\| align="left"\| Toronto Maple Leafs (1995–96) \|\|29–32–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|77\|\|W\|\|March 29, 1996\|\|4–2 \|\| align="left"\| Chicago Blackhawks (1995–96) \|\|30–32–15 \|\| \|- \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|78\|\|L\|\|April 1, 1996\|\|2–6 \|\| align="left"\| Edmonton Oilers (1995–96) \|\|30–33–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|79\|\|L\|\|April 3, 1996\|\|3–4 \|\| align="left"\| @ Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|30–34–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|80\|\|W\|\|April 6, 1996\|\|4–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Los Angeles Kings (1995–96) \|\|31–34–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \|81\|\|L\|\|April 8, 1996\|\|0–2 \|\| align="left"\| @ Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1995–96) \|\|31–35–15 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \|82\|\|W\|\|April 13, 1996\|\|5–0 \|\| align="left"\| Calgary Flames (1995–96) \|\|32–35–15 \|\| \|- \|- \| Legend: Playoffs \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \| 1 \|\| April 16 \|\| Vancouver \|\| 2 – 5 \|\| Colorado \|\| \|\| McLean \|\| 16,061 \|\| 0 – 1 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \| 2 \|\| April 18 \|\| Vancouver \|\| 5 – 4 \|\| Colorado \|\| \|\| Hirsch \|\| 16,061 \|\| 1 – 1 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \| 3 \|\| April 20 \|\| Colorado \|\| 4 – 0 \|\| Vancouver \|\| \|\| Hirsch \|\| 18,422 \|\| 1 – 2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" \| 4 \|\| April 22 \|\| Colorado \|\| 3 – 4 \|\| Vancouver \|\| \|\| Hirsch \|\| 18,422 \|\| 2 – 2 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \| 5 \|\| April 25 \|\| Vancouver \|\| 4 – 5 \|\| Colorado \|\| OT \|\| Hirsch \|\| 16,061 \|\| 2 – 3 \|\| \|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB" \| 6 \|\| April 27 \|\| Colorado \|\| 3 – 2 \|\| Vancouver \|\| \|\| Hirsch \|\| 18,422 \|\| 2 – 4 \|\| \|- \|- \| Legend: Player statistics Scoring Position abbreviations: C = Centre; D = Defence; G = Goaltender; LW = Left wing; RW = Right wing = Joined team via a transaction (e.g., trade, waivers, signing) during the season. Stats reflect time with the Canucks only. = Left team via a transaction (e.g., trade, waivers, release) during the season. Stats reflect time with the Canucks only. Goaltending Awards and records Awards Milestones Transactions Trades Draft picks Vancouver's picks at the 1995 NHL Entry Draft in Edmonton, Alberta. Notes References Vancouver Canucks seasons Vancouver Canucks season, 1995-96 Vancouver C
麥拉倫MP4-30（）是、、及所設計的一輛麥拉倫一級方程式賽車，參賽於2015年世界一級方程式錦標賽。這輛車將由離隊七年後重返麥拉倫的2005及2006年世界冠軍費爾南多·阿隆索，以及世界冠軍詹森·巴頓駕駛；而正賽與現任儲備車手凱文·馬格努森在阿隆索受傷後，暫時頂替他出賽。這輛車將是麥拉倫於賽季結束與梅賽德斯長達20年的合作關係後，繼的首輛本田引擎動力賽車。車隊因為這輛車的獨特尖銳錐形尾端，而給她起了個「零號一級方程式賽車」的綽號，這是為了實現讓本田引擎能比其他引擎在更高溫度下運作所設計的。開發設計團隊曾在2014年開發麥拉倫MP4-29的、及續留該隊並負責設計MP4-30。在紅牛車隊擔任空氣動力學專家八年後，重返曾在至2006年間任職的麥拉倫車隊，幫助他們設計MP4-30。前期開發本田技研工業於2013年5月首度發布重返一級方程式賽車，他們在接下來的18個月為麥拉倫車隊開發MP4-30的引擎。而該隊的麥拉倫MP4-29在整個賽季中，所使用的是梅賽德斯的PU106A混合動力引擎。麥拉倫MP4-30的開發從麥拉倫MP4-29H/1X1展開，這是該隊為測試新的本田引擎所開發出的MP4-29變型。這輛車曾由麥拉倫的測試及開發車手斯托弗·范多恩駕駛，在銀石與亞斯碼頭賽道的測試賽中亮相。MP4-29H/1X1的測試計畫因為受限於有效運轉引擎的技術問題，且底盤在亞斯碼頭登場後便被擱置，而車隊也在位於赫雷斯-德拉弗龍特拉的賽季第一階段季前測試之前，將引擎裝上MP4-30底盤。這輛車也2014年12月通過國際汽聯的強制撞擊測試，成為2015年賽季首支通過測試的車隊。季前測試 MP4-30於赫雷斯賽道的第一次季前測試首度亮相。這輛車有著艱困的開始，RA615H引擎受到一系列復發的機械故障之苦，制約了車隊四天來的跑程，且他們所完成的里程數是所有在場車輛中最少的。持續困擾賽車的問題並未在加泰隆尼亞賽道的第二次測試前解決，促使麥拉倫用他們在2014年獨自開發的零件來取代一些本田供應的零件。這場測試因為費爾南多·阿隆索在最後一天的意外而蒙上了一層陰影，這位兩屆世界冠軍因腦震盪住院觀察，且將取消參加第三次與最終測試。測試及儲備車手凱文·馬格努森將代替他參賽。 MP4-30於赫雷斯賽道的第一次季前測試首度亮相。這輛車有著艱困的開始，RA615H引擎受到一系列復發的機械故障之苦，制約了車隊四天來的跑程，且他們所完成的里程數是所有在場車輛中最少的。持續困擾賽車的問題並未在加泰隆尼亞賽道的第二次測試前解決，促使麥拉倫用他們在2014年獨自開發的零件來取代一些本田供應的零件。車隊終於在巴塞隆納的最終測試成功地跑出圈數；在首日僅完成七圈後，詹森·巴頓得以在隔日跑完超過百圈。然而，距離開幕站還有兩周，MP4-30所能持續跑完的最長一段卻是在巴塞隆納賽道時的12圈，若是以一場66圈、總距離完整的大獎賽來算，這段距離相當於。測試意外該隊的季前準備工作因為費爾南多·阿隆索在最後一日測試的事故蒙上一層陰影，這位兩屆世界冠軍因腦震盪住院觀察，且將取消參加第三次與最終測試。測試及儲備車手凱文·馬格努森將代替他參加剩餘的測試及賽季開幕站。阿隆索事將此事故歸咎於轉向故障，駁斥了有關他遭到車輛ERS系統電擊、車輛碰撞結構安裝不當，或是碰上一個強勁的側風而失去控制的傳言，而他也補充說他認為這起事故的最終原因不可能無法被確定。他更進一步質疑關於他在事故中便已腦震盪的報導。麥拉倫並未提出阿隆索意外的分析，車隊主張意外後的遙測數據中並沒有任何車輛故障的證據，但也勉強承認最有可能的解釋是未診斷出故障，並在阿隆索回歸後在他車上裝上額外的傳感器。季中開發由於每家2015年參賽隊的引擎製造商被授予對他們的引擎有限範圍內的開發，儘管已經在開幕站前不間斷地開發18個月，但在獲必要的批准之前，麥拉倫和本田仍被留了些開發RA615H Hybrid動力單元的轉圜餘地。根據2015年的規定，動力單元的開發被劃分成32個區域，而本田在整個賽季中獲准開發9個。一級方程式賽車成績（圖例）粗體為桿位出賽，斜體為最快圈速註記: * 賽季進行中。腳註參考資料外部連結 2015年一級方程式賽季車型麥拉倫一級方程式車型
Ajman Castle (, 'Ehrenau Castle') is a 17th-century manor located near the settlement of Sveti Duh in the Municipality of Škofja Loka, Slovenia. The late-renaissance castle was built (as Ehrenau Castle) in 1679 by the governor of the Škofja Loka lordship, Franc Matija the noble Lampfrizhaimb. Successive owners included the noble families of Angerburg, Widmannsstätten, Dietrich, Zanetti, Flachenfeld, and Dienzl. The manorial chapel of the Holy Virgin was built in 1733 and contains an altar-wall mural by Franc Jelovšek, one of the more prominent Slovene painters of the eighteenth century. Commissioned between 1739 and 1746 by its owner Kristof Laurenz von Flachenfeld, the painting features the Virgin flanked by St. John Nepomuk and St. Francis Xavier. In 1746 the manor was sold to Adam Dinzl Angerburg. In the late 18th century it obtained its current name, Ajman Castle, after another owner named Heimann. In 1918 it passed into the hands of Marija Guzelj (née Detela), and then to the Demšar family, which held it until World War II. On 30 April 1944 the Partisans burned the manor down. It was thoroughly renovated some decades later. Today it houses an Ursuline monastery. References Castles in Upper Carniola Palaces in Slovenia Ursuline monasteries in Slovenia 1679 establishments in Europe 17th-century architecture in Slovenia
乌尔里希·冯·容宁根（，1360年–1410年7月15日）是条顿骑士团第26任大团长，从1407年到1410年任职。其長期秉持對抗立陶宛大公国和波兰王国的政策，最终引发波兰-立陶宛-条顿战争，並以坦能堡战役作結，此役条顿骑士团慘敗，容金根本人亦戰死沙場。参考资料 Zeitgenössische Chroniken Johannes Longinus (Jan Długosz): Banderia Prutenorum Jan Długosz: Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae (Chronik Polens, um 1445–1480). Johann von Posilge: Chronik des Landes Preussen, um 1420 Unbekannter Verfasser: Cronica conflictus Wladislai regis Poloniae cum cruciferis, Anno Christi 1410; Link: Z. Celichowski, Poznań 1911 Quelleneditionen Theodor Hirsch, Max Toeppen, Ernst Strehlke: Scriptores rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preußischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergang der Ordensherrschaft; Band 3–5, Leipzig 1861–1874. Monographien Walter Markov und Heinz Helmert: Schlachten der Weltgeschichte; Leipzig; Edition, 1983. Erich Maschke: Domus Hospitalis Theutonicorum; Europäische Verbindungslinien der Deutschordensgeschichte. Gesammelte Aufsätze aus den Jahren 1931–1963. (Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens, 10). Erich Maschke: Der deutsche Ordensstaat, Gestalten seiner großen Meister; Berlin 1935 Alexander von Reitzenstein: Rittertum und Ritterschaft; München 1972 Stephen Turnbull: Tannenberg 1410, Osprey Publishing, Campaign 122, Oxford 2003, ISBN 1-84176-561-9 Wolfgang Sonthofen: Der Deutsche Orden; Weltbild, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89350-713-2 Dieter Zimmerling: Der Deutsche Ritterorden; Econ, München 1998, ISBN 3-430-19959-X Casimir Bumiller, Magdalene Wulfmeier: Konrad und Ulrich von Jungingen, Beiträge zur Biografie der beiden Deutschordenshochmeister, Geiger-Verlag, Horb a. Neckar 1995 Belletristik Henryk Sienkiewicz: Krzyżacy; [Die Kreuzritter]; 1900. Ernst Wichert: Heinrich von Plauen – Historischer Roman aus dem deutschen Osten; Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft G.m.b.H. Berlin, 1881 (Weblink zu: Heinrich von Plauen) 德國陣亡軍人条顿骑士团大团长德国天主教徒
格雷格·彼得森（；）是一位美國橄欖球運動員。他是美國國家橄欖球隊的一員，代表美國參加了2015年世界盃橄欖球賽。參考資料美國橄欖球運動員
The Swiss Confederation comprises the 26 cantons of Switzerland. Each canton has its individual structure for further subdivisions. Regions For statistical purposes, Switzerland is subdivided into seven regions at the NUTS-2 level: Cantons The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. Each canton has its own constitution, legislature, government and courts. Most of the cantons' legislatures are unicameral parliaments, their size varying between fifty-eight and two hundred seats. A few legislatures are general assemblies known as Landsgemeinden. The cantonal governments consist of either five or seven members, depending on the canton. For the names of the institutions, see List of legislative and executive councils of the Cantons of Switzerland. The Swiss Federal Constitution declares the cantons to be sovereign to the extent their sovereignty is not limited by federal law. The cantons also retain all powers and competencies not delegated to the Confederation by the Constitution. Most significantly, the cantons are responsible for healthcare, welfare, law enforcement and public education; they also retain the power of taxation. The cantonal constitutions determine the degree of autonomy accorded to the municipalities, which varies but almost always includes the power to levy taxes and pass municipal laws. The sizes of the cantons vary from 37 km² to 7,105 km²; the populations vary from 15,471 to 1,244,400. Districts In contrast to centrally organised states, in the federally constituted Switzerland each Canton is completely free to decide its own internal organisation. Therefore, there exists a variety of structures and terminology for the subnational entities between Canton and Municipality, loosely termed districts (i.e. Urban Administration Districts). Most Cantons are divided into Bezirke (German for districts). They are also termed Ämter (Lucerne), Amtsbezirke (Bern), district (in French) or distretto (Ticino and part of Graubünden). The Bezirke generally provide only administration and court organization. However, for historical reasons districts in cantons Graubünden and Schwyz are their own legal entities with jurisdiction over tax and often have their own Landsgemeinde. Eight of the 26 Cantons – Uri, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Glarus, Zug, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-City and Geneva – have always existed without the district level of government. A number of further cantons have dispensed with the district level recently, Appenzell Ausserrhoden in 1995, Schaffhausen in 1999, St Gallen in 2003 and Lucerne in 2007. A number of further cantons are considering (or have already decided) an abolition of the district level in the future: Schwyz in 2006 voted on its abolition, but voted in favour of keeping the division. Bern in 2006 decided a reduction of its 26 districts to five administrative regions. Vaud decided a reduction from 19 to 10 districts. Valais is planning a similar reduction and in Thurgau, a reduction of eight to four districts is under discussion. Municipalities Communes ( / / / ), also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,636 as of 2009. While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities. The area of the municipalities varies between 0.32 km² (Kaiserstuhl, Aargau and Rivaz, Vaud) and 439 km² (Scuol, Graubünden). Each canton defines their responsibilities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. Communes are generally governed by a council (sometimes called Municipality) headed by a mayor as executive and the town meeting as legislature. Most cantons leave the option to larger municipalities to opt for a city parliament. In some cantons, foreign persons that have dwelled for a certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in the municipal politics. Swiss citizenship is based on the citizenship of a municipality. Every Swiss is citizen of one or several municipalities (i.e. the place of origin, lieu d'origine, Heimatort). Communes are financed through direct taxes (e.g. income tax), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton. Many municipalities are having difficulties maintaining the civil services they need to perform the duties they are required to do. In an effort to reduce expenses, many municipalities are combining together (through mergers or the creation of special-purpose districts). This restructuring is generally encouraged by the cantonal governments and the rate of these unions is increasing. "Cities" (villes or Städte) are the municipalities with more than 10'000 inhabitants or smaller places which had medieval town rights. There is no specific designation for smaller communities such as "village" or "town". Other subdivisions Some subdivisions that exist are: Region (e.g. Subdivisions of the canton of Bern) Electoral district (e.g. Subdivisions of the canton of Solothurn) Constituencies (e.g. Subdivisions of the canton of St. Gallen) Sub-district or circle (e.g. Graubünden) (e.g. Ticino) (e.g. Subdivisions of the canton of Vaud) See also List of former municipalities of Switzerland Notes and references Switzerland
Landing Zone Peanuts is a former U.S. Army base in northwest Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam. History The base was located approximately 5 km southwest of Khe Sanh Combat Base and 4 km north of Lang Vei. It was originally established by the 1st Cavalry Division during Operation Pegasus, the relief of Khe Sanh. Companies A and B, 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry Regiment and Company A, 1st Battalion, 77th Artillery Regiment were located at the base in early May 1968. On 4 May the base came under 120mm mortar and 122mm rocket fire. At approximately 16:30 three 122mm rockets impacted among approximately 2000 rounds of 105m ammunition that had been delivered just prior to the attack. The resultant fire and explosions, coupled with a direct hit on a 105mm gun section rendered one gun inoperational while the other two guns continued to function despite ammunition Cooking off. In the early morning of 5 May 1968 the base again received incoming 120mm mortar rounds and B-40 rockets followed by a sapper attack. The attack was repelled with 32 People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) soldiers killed inside the defensive wire. Due to its losses in both equipment and personnel, later on 5 May Company A 1/77th was extracted and repositioned at LZ Jane. Eleven US soldiers were killed in the 5 May attack. References Buildings and structures in Quảng Trị province Installations of the United States Army in South Vietnam Military installations closed in the 1970s
GD可以是下列的意思：地區中國廣東省英文縮寫。岳南线的线路编号。计算机 GD-ROM，一种私有的光盘格式。 .gd，格林纳达的顶级域名。 PHP的图像处理库GD Graphics Library。苏格兰盖尔语的ISO 639-1代码 Google Drive，Google的一个在线同步存储服务。科学釓，元素符号Gd。高雪氏症，（）。妊娠糖尿病，（），也简写成GDM。弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿，（）。古德曼函數，（）。性别不安，（'''）人名 G-Dragon，韓國男子組合BIGBANG的隊長。政治 “港独”的缩写，参见香港獨立運動。
巴里納斯市（），是委內瑞拉的一個市，位於該國西部巴里納斯州，首府設於巴里納斯，面積3,304平方公里，2007年人口319,387，人口密度為每平方公里97人。參考資料 barinas-barinas.gob.ve 委內瑞拉行政區劃
帕金森病的早期征兆？帕金森病的早期征兆：帕金森病起病隐袭，进展缓慢。首发症状通常是一侧肢体的震颤或活动笨拙，进而累及对侧肢体。临床上主要表现为静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直和姿势步态障碍。近年来人们越来越多的注意到抑郁、便秘和睡眠障碍等非运动症状也是帕金森病患者常见的主诉，它们对患者生活质量的影响甚至超过运动症状。1.静止性震颤（statictremor）约70%的患者以震颤为首发症状，多始于一侧上肢远端，静止时出现或明显，随意运动时减轻或停止，精神紧张时加剧，入睡后消失。手部静止性震颤在行走时加重。典型的表现是频率为4～6Hz的“搓丸样”震颤。部分患者可合并姿势性震颤。患者典型的主诉为：“我的一只手经常抖动，越是放着不动越抖得厉害，干活拿东西的时候反倒不抖了。遇到生人或激动的时候也抖得厉害，睡着了就不抖了。2.”运动迟缓（bradykinesia）运动迟缓指动作变慢，始动困难，主动运动丧失。患者的运动幅度会减少，尤其是重复运动时。根据受累部位的不同运动迟缓可表现在多个方面。面部表情动作减少，瞬目减少称为面具脸（maskedface）。说话声音单调低沉、吐字欠清。写字可变慢变小，称为“小写征”（micrographia）。洗漱、穿衣和其他精细动作可变的笨拙、不灵活。行走的速度变慢，常曳行，手臂摆动幅度会逐渐减少甚至消失。步距变小。因不能主动吞咽至唾液不能咽下而出现流涎。夜间可出现翻身困难。在疾病的早期，患者常常将运动迟缓误认为是无力，且常因一侧肢体的酸胀无力而误诊为脑血管疾病或颈椎病。
Frank Curry Jr. (2 May 1950 − 15 May 2022) was an Australian rugby league player and coach of the South Sydney Rabbitohs club. Biography A local Souths junior, Curry played his junior career with Zetland United, Moore Park Broncos, and Mascot Jets, He was signed by Souths in 1970. The following season, Curry joined Collegians in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. After 2 seasons with Collegians, Curry returned to South Sydney in 1973. He made his first grade debut in his side's 29−20 loss to Canterbury-Bankstown at Belmore Sports Ground in round 4 of the 1973 season. In Curry's lone season of first grade, he only managed to play four first grade games. After his playing career ended, Curry coached Waterloo Waratahs in Souths' junior league competition. In 1986, Curry took over coaching Souths in the Presidents Cup competition. In his first season, Souths would end up being victorious in the 1986 Presidents Cup grand final after their 13−0 victory over the Penrith Panthers. In 1988, he became Souths' reserve grade coach, a position which he held until the end of the 1990 season. After coaching Souths in the lower grades for five seasons, Curry stepped into the fire when he took over the first grade post from long-serving Souths coach George Piggins in 1991. Despite working diligently with a young Souths outfit which included players such as; Mark Carroll, Craig Field, Sean Garlick, Darren Maroon, Rod Maybon, Paul Mellor, John Minto, Jim Serdaris, Manoa Thompson, and Darrell Trindall, Curry's stint as coach was a troubled period in the club's history, plagued with dramas both on and off the field. In all three of Curry's seasons at the helm, Souths won only 20 games and finished all three seasons in 14th position. Curry stood down as first grade coach at the end of the 1993 season. He was subsequently replaced by former South Sydney player and coach Bob McCarthy who would ultimately be replaced by Ken Shine after McCarthy himself stood down from the coaching role after round 3 of the 1994 season. He died on 15 May 2022, aged 72. References 1950 births Australian rugby league coaches Rugby league wingers Rugby league players from Sydney South Sydney Rabbitohs coaches South Sydney Rabbitohs players Sportsmen from New South Wales 2022 deaths
杜松的分布是什么?？产于我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北北部、山西、陕西、甘肃及宁夏等省区的干燥山地；海拔自东北500m以下低山区至西北2200m高山地带。朝鲜、日本也有分布。
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual. FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin alone, and may improve the outcome after the first index infection. Side effects may include a risk of infections, therefore the donor should be screened. With CDI becoming more common, FMT is gaining increasing prominence, with some experts calling for it to become the first-line therapy for CDI. FMT has been used experimentally to treat other gastrointestinal diseases, including colitis, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's. In the United States, human feces has been regulated as an experimental drug since 2013. In the United Kingdom, FMT regulation is under the remit of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Medical uses Clostridioides difficile infection Fecal microbiota transplant is approximately 85–90% effective in people with CDI for whom antibiotics have not worked or in whom the disease recurs following antibiotics. Most people with CDI recover with one FMT treatment. A 2009 study found that fecal microbiota transplant was an effective and simple procedure that was more cost-effective than continued antibiotic administration and reduced the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Once considered to be a "last resort therapy" by some medical professionals, due to its unusual nature and invasiveness compared with antibiotics, perceived potential risk of infection transmission, and lack of Medicare coverage for donor stool, position statements by specialists in infectious diseases and other societies have been moving toward acceptance of FMT as a standard therapy for relapsing CDI and also Medicare coverage in the United States. It has been recommended that endoscopic FMT be elevated to first-line treatment for people with deterioration and severe relapsing C. difficile infection. Fecal microbiota, live (Rebyota) was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2022. Fecal microbiota spores, live (Vowst) was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2023. It is the first fecal microbiota product that is taken by mouth. Other conditions Ulcerative colitis In May 1988, Australian professor Thomas Borody treated the first ulcerative colitis patient using FMT, which led to longstanding symptom resolution. Following on from that, Justin D. Bennet published the first case report documenting reversal of Bennet's own colitis using FMT. While C. difficile is easily eradicated with a single FMT infusion, this generally appears to not be the case with ulcerative colitis. Published experience of ulcerative colitis treatment with FMT largely shows that multiple and recurrent infusions are required to achieve prolonged remission or cure. Cancer Clinical trials are underway to evaluate if FMT from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy donors can promote a therapeutic response in immunotherapy-refractory patients. Autism Once linked with naturopathy, there have been serious studies into treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with fecal microbiota transplants. One such study was conducted in Shanghai, China, and an earlier study led by Arizona State University. The Arizona treatment has received a United States Patent (#11,202,808) and the researchers hope for FDA approval. Adverse effects Adverse effects were poorly understood as of 2016. They have included bacterial blood infections, fever, SIRS-like syndrome, exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease in people who also had that condition, and mild GI distress which generally resolve themselves soon after the procedure, including flatulence, diarrhea, irregular bowel movements, abdominal distension/bloating, abdominal pain/tenderness, constipation, cramping, and nausea. There are also concerns that it may spread COVID-19. A person died in the United States in 2019, after receiving an FMT that contained drug-resistant bacteria, and another person who received the same transplant was also infected. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning against potentially life-threatening consequences of transplanting material from improperly screened donors. Technique There are evidence-based consensus guidelines for the optimal administration of FMT. Such documents outline the FMT procedure, including preparation of material, donor selection and screening, and FMT administration. The gut microbiota comprises all microorganisms that reside along the gastrointestinal tract, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic organisms. FMT is the transfer of fecal material containing bacteria and natural antibacterials from a healthy individual into a diseased recipient. Donor selection Preparing for the procedure requires careful selection and screening of the potential donor. Close relatives are often chosen on account of ease of screening; however, in the case of treatment of active C. diff., family members and intimate contacts may be more prone to be carriers themselves. This screening involves medical history questionnaires, screening for various chronic medical diseases (e.g. irritable bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal cancer, etc.), and laboratory testing for pathogenic gastrointestinal infections (e.g. CMV, C. diff., salmonella, Giardia, GI parasites, etc.). Specimen preparation No laboratory standards have been agreed upon, so recommendations vary for size of sample to be prepared, ranging from of fecal material for effective treatment. Fresh stool is used to increase viability of bacteria within the stool and samples are prepared within 6–8 hours. The sample is then diluted with 2.5–5 times the volume of the sample with either normal saline, sterile water, or 4% milk. Some locations mix the sample and the solvent with a mortar and pestle, and others use a blender. There is concern with blender use on account of the introduction of air which may decrease efficacy as well as aerosolization of the feces contaminating the preparation area. The suspension is then strained through a filter and transferred to an administration container. If the suspension is to be used later, it can be frozen after being diluted with 10% glycerol, and used without loss of efficacy compared to the fresh sample. The fecal transplant material is then prepared and administered in a clinical environment to ensure that precautions are taken. Administration After being made into suspensions, the fecal material can be given through nasogastric and nasoduodenal tubes, or through a colonoscope or as a retention enema. Mechanism of action One hypothesis behind fecal microbiota transplant rests on the concept of bacterial interference, i.e., using harmless bacteria to displace pathogenic organisms, such as by competitive niche exclusion. In the case of CDI, the C. difficile pathogen is identifiable. Recently, in a pilot study of five patients, sterile fecal filtrate was demonstrated to be of comparable efficacy to conventional FMT in the treatment of recurrent CDI. The conclusion from this study was that soluble filtrate components (such as bacteriophages, metabolites, and/or bacterial components, such as enzymes) may be the key mediators of FMT's efficacy, rather than intact bacteria. It has now been demonstrated that the short-chain fatty acid valerate is restored in human fecal samples from CDI patients and a bioreactor model of recurrent CDI by FMT, but not by antibiotic cessation alone; as such, this may be a key mediator of FMT's efficacy. Other studies have identified rapid-onset but well-maintained changes in the gut bacteriophage profile after successful FMT (with colonisation of the recipient with donor bacteriophages), and this is therefore another key area of interest. In contrast, in the case of other conditions such as ulcerative colitis, no single culprit has yet been identified. However, analysis of gut microbiome and metabolome changes after FMT as treatment for ulcerative colitis has identified some possible candidates of interest. History The first use of donor feces as a therapeutic agent for food poisoning and diarrhea was recorded in the Handbook of Emergency Medicine by a Chinese man, Hong Ge, in the 4th century. Twelve hundred years later Ming dynasty physician Li Shizhen used "yellow soup" (aka "golden syrup") which contained fresh, dry or fermented stool to treat abdominal diseases. "Yellow soup" was made of fecal matter and water, which was drunk by the person. The consumption of "fresh, warm camel feces" has also been recommended by Bedouins as a remedy for bacterial dysentery; its efficacy probably attributable to the antimicrobial subtilisin produced by Bacillus subtilis was anecdotally confirmed by German soldiers of the Afrika Korps during World War II. However, this story is likely a myth; independent research was not able to verify any of these claims. The first use of FMT in western medicine was published in 1958 by Ben Eiseman and colleagues, a team of surgeons from Colorado, who treated four critically ill people with fulminant pseudomembranous colitis (before C. difficile was the known cause) using fecal enemas, which resulted in a rapid return to health. For over two decades, FMT has been provided as a treatment option at the Centre for Digestive Diseases in Five Dock, by Thomas Borody, the modern-day proponent of FMT. In May 1988 their group treated the first ulcerative colitis patient using FMT, which resulted in complete resolution of all signs and symptoms long term. In 1989 they treated a total of 55 patients with constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease with FMT. After FMT, 20 patients were considered "cured" and a further 9 patients had a reduction in symptoms. Stool transplants are considered about 90 percent effective in those with severe cases of C. difficile colonization, in whom antibiotics have not worked. The first randomized controlled trial in C. difficile infection was published in January 2013. The study was stopped early due to the effectiveness of FMT, with 81% of patients achieving cure after a single infusion and over 90% achieving a cure after a second infusion. Since that time various institutions have offered FMT as a therapeutic option for a variety of conditions. Society and culture Regulation Interest in FMT grew in 2012 and 2013, as measured by the number of clinical trials and scientific publications. In the United States, the FDA announced in February 2013 that it would hold a public meeting entitled "Fecal Microbiota for Transplantation" which was held on May 2–3, 2013. In May 2013 the FDA also announced that it had been regulating human fecal material as a drug. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) sought clarification, and the FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) stated that FMT falls within the definition of a biological product as defined in the Public Health Service Act and the definition of a drug within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It argued since FMT is used to prevent, treat, or cure a disease or condition, and intended to affect the structure or any function of the body, "a product for such use" would require an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. In July 2013, the FDA issued an enforcement policy ("guidance") regarding the IND requirement for using FMT to treat C. difficile infection unresponsive to standard therapies (, July 18, 2013). In March 2014, the FDA issued a proposed update (called "draft guidance") that, when finalized, is intended to supersede the July 2013 enforcement policy for FMT to treat C. difficile infections unresponsive to standard therapies. It proposed an interim discretionary enforcement period, if 1) informed consent is used, mentioning investigational aspect and risks, 2) stool donor is known to either the person with the condition or physician, and 3) stool donor and stool are screened and tested under the direction of the physician (, February 26, 2014). Some doctors and people who want to use FMT have been worried that the proposal, if finalized, would shutter the handful of stool banks which have sprung up, using anonymous donors and ship to providers hundreds of miles away. FMT for recurrent C. difficile infections can be done without mandatory donor and stool screening, whereas FMT for other indications cannot be performed without an IND. The FDA has issued three safety alerts regarding the transmission of pathogens. The first safety alert, issued in June 2019, described the transmission of a multidrug resistant organism from a donor stool that resulted in the death of one person. The second safety alert, issued in March 2020, was regarding FMT produced from improperly tested donor stools from a stool bank which resulted in several people hospitalizations and two deaths. A safety alert in late March 2020, was due to concerns of transmission of COVID-19 in donor stool. In November 2022, the FDA approved a specific C. difficile fecal microbiota treatment under the brand name Rebyota, administered rectally. In April 2023, the agency approved a live spore capsule that can be taken by mouth, under the brand name Vowst. Stool banks In 2012, a team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology founded OpenBiome, the first public stool bank in the United States. Across Europe, numerous stool banks have emerged to serve the increasing demand. While consensus rapports exists, standard operation procedures still differ. Institutions in the Netherlands have published their protocols for managing FMT, and in Denmark institutions manages FMT according to the European Tissue and Cell directive. Names Previous terms for the procedure include fecal bacteriotherapy, fecal transfusion, fecal transplant, stool transplant, fecal enema, and human probiotic infusion (HPI). Because the procedure involves the complete restoration of the entire fecal microbiota, not just a single agent or combination of agents, these terms have been replaced by the term fecal microbiota transplantation. Research Cultured intestinal bacteria are being studied as an alternative to fecal microbiota transplant. One example is the rectal bacteriotherapy (RBT), developed by Tvede and Helms, containing 12 individually cultured strains of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria originating from healthy human faeces. Research has also been done to identify the most relevant microbes within fecal transplants, which could then be isolated and manufactured via industrial fermentation; such standardized products would be more scalable, would reduce the risk of infections from unwanted microbes, and would improve the scientific study of the approach, since the same substance would be administered each time. Veterinary use Elephants, hippos, koalas, and pandas are born with sterile intestines, and to digest vegetation need bacteria which they obtain by eating their mothers' feces, a practice termed coprophagia. Other animals eat dung. In veterinary medicine fecal microbiota transplant has been known as "transfaunation" and is used to treat ruminating animals, like cows and sheep, by feeding rumen contents of a healthy animal to another individual of the same species in order to colonize its gastrointestinal tract with normal bacteria. References Further reading Medical treatments Feces
打药物过敏导致的荨麻疹多久会消失？荨麻疹这个皮肤病是打药物过敏导致的，从西医的角度分析，是属于药物过敏性，可以用消炎凉血，养血止痒的办法进行调理，荨麻疹俗称风疹块。是由于皮肤、黏膜小血管扩张及渗透性增加而出现的一种局限性水肿反应，通常在2～24小时内消退，但反复发生新的皮疹。病程迁延数日至数月。临床上较为常见。基本损害为皮肤出现风团。常先有皮肤瘙痒，随即出现风团，呈鲜红色或苍白色、皮肤色，少数患者有水肿性红斑。风团的大小和形态不一，发作时间不定。风团逐渐蔓延，融合成片，由于真皮乳头水肿，可见表皮毛囊口向下凹陷。风团持续数分钟至数小时，少数可延长至数天后消退，不留痕迹。皮疹反复成批发生，以傍晚发作者多见。风团常泛发，亦可局限。有时合并血管性水肿，偶尔风团表面形成大疱。部分患者可伴有恶心、呕吐、头痛、头胀、腹痛、腹泻，严重患者还可有胸闷、不适、面色苍白、心率加速、脉搏细弱、血压下降、呼吸短促等全身症状。打药物过敏导致的荨麻疹首先通过药物治疗，一般一到两周就会痊愈，严重的要一个月左右。去正规医院遵医嘱用药。方便的话可以打点滴来进行治疗，治疗效果比较好一些恢复起来比较快。对于荨麻疹的护理要注意在饮食方面宜食清淡为主,多食用富含维生素的食物.避免使用辛辣刺激类的食物，对于一些易过敏的食物尽量不吃，远离过敏源，在环境上要注意保持居住环境的卫生，劳逸结合。还要注意精神的上的调节，避免精神过度的紧张，保持一个良好平和的心态。
奥古斯托·焦莫（，），意大利男子篮球运动员。他曾代表意大利获得1960年夏季奥运会男子篮球比赛第四名和1964年夏季奥运会男子篮球比赛第五名。参考资料意大利男子篮球运动员意大利奥运篮球运动员 1960年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球运动员 1964年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球运动员
酒精性乙肝会传染吗？酒精性肝炎就是由于人们长久以来的过量饮酒甚至是酗酒导致的肝脏的一种病变，酒精性肝炎的病因很简单，就是过量饮酒，而且是长期的，慢慢积累的。其实在酒精性肝炎的早期如果能戒酒，这样效果是最好最快的。酒精性肝炎就是由于人们长久以来的过量饮酒甚至是酗酒导致的肝脏的一种病变，患者会感到恶心，呕吐，甚至是黄疸，肝区疼痛感明显，严重者甚至会直接导致肝脏衰竭，危机生命，所以爱喝酒的人士，为了自己的生命健康，应该少喝酒为好。酒精性肝炎的病因很简单，就是过量饮酒，而且是长期的，慢慢积累的。酒精性肝炎的早期症状主要有以下这些。患者会感到浑身没力气，容易疲倦，走路抬不起脚。同时患者食欲也会大大减退，看到爱吃的东西也没有食欲，肚子胀，肝部有隐约的疼痛感，尤其是劳累之后，症状更明显。还有就是患者脸色会慢慢变差，不过大部分肝病患者的脸色都很差，而且都会变黑。此时肝脏的解毒功能也在慢慢衰退，整个身体都会受到影响。想要彻底治好酒精性肝炎，首当其冲的办法就是戒酒，不过其效果是和摄入酒精的时间长短息息相关的。对于初期的酒精性肝炎，戒酒的效果是很明显的，此时饮酒还没有对肝脏造成实质性的影响。但是对于长期酗酒的人来说，戒酒和药物治疗都不一定能起到好的效果。有一些很重度的酒精肝患者只能是通过肝移植来治疗，但是必须经过严密的筛选才可以，没有合适的移植肝源也是不能手术的。不过一般患者在手术后效果还是不错的。酒精性肝炎并不会一定会传染给别人，所以要正视此病。而如果发现自己患上的是病毒性肝炎，那么就务必要进行隔离，因为这一种类型的肝炎具有一定的传染性，为了避免其他人受到伤害，就一定要马上接受正规的治疗，不可以耽搁。
San Giuliano del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about south of Campobasso. San Giuliano del Sannio borders the following municipalities: Cercepiccola, Guardiaregia, Mirabello Sannitico, Sepino, Vinchiaturo. References External links Official website Cities and towns in Molise
胰腺分裂的西医治疗？(一)治疗无症状者无需特殊治疗，对症状轻微者可对症处理。给予饮食指导，有急性胰腺炎表现时可给予胰酶抑制药。有严重腹痛及复发性胰腺炎的内镜处理，可以采用以下几种治疗方法，目的是扩大副乳头开口，以保证胰液足够引流。1.内镜治疗治疗方法主要包括副乳头括约肌扩张、副乳头括约肌切开术及副胰管支架引流。对于急性复发性胰腺炎疗效好应为首选，对于慢性胰腺炎，近年的报告已有明显进步，内镜治疗疗效。2.手术治疗(1)经十二指肠副乳头切开成形术：Warshaw等报告61例，其中副乳头狭窄组48例，术后85%症状缓解;副乳头无狭窄组13例，术后15%症状缓解。认为副乳头无狭窄者经十二指肠副乳头切开成形术无效，应行胰腺切除。(2)副胰管空肠侧侧吻合术：Rusnak等治疗6例，术后症状缓解，胰腺炎没有复发。(3)胰腺部分或全部切除术：目前多数学者认为，胰腺分裂如伴有慢性胰腺炎肉眼改变(纤维化)者，不适于做乳头切开成形术，而宜于做胰腺部分或全部切除术。伴有慢性胰腺炎的胰腺分裂经内镜治疗术后仍疼痛，宜应行胰腺部分或全部切除术。(二)预后内镜治疗，可以看出总有效率较高;手术治疗，其中副乳头狭窄组术后85%症状缓解。副乳头无狭窄组术后15%症状缓解。
Paposoa is a genus of flowering plants in the Amaryllis family. The genus contains one species, Paposoa laeta, which is endemic to northern and central Chile. Paposoa is included in tribe Hippeastreae, subtribe Traubiinae. References Amaryllidoideae Monotypic Amaryllidaceae genera Endemic flora of Chile
Otto Crusius may refer to: Ludwig Friedrich Otto Baumgarten-Crusius, (1788–1842), German Protestant divine Otto Crusius (1857–1918), German classical scholar
君特·柯尔特（，），德国外交官，曾任东德驻华大使等职务。東德外交驻华外交官
Lynda Boyd (born January 28, 1965) is a Canadian actress, singer, dancer, musician, and writer. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the films Final Destination 2 (2003), An Unfinished Life (2005), She's the Man (2006), and On Thin Ice, with Diane Keaton. She had minor roles in I Spy (2002), About A Girl (2007/08), The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), and Intern Academy (2004). She was also the voice of Cologne in Ranma ½, and the voice of Viv the Bunny on the Sunbow cartoon series Littlest Pet Shop. A prolific television actress, Boyd was a series regular on the Canadian comedy-drama police procedural Republic of Doyle (2010-2014). She was also a series regular on the British crime drama Tin Star (2017-2020). From 2018-2022 she had a recurring role on the Netflix romantic drama series Virgin River. Career She played the lead role for four seasons in WTN's You, Me, and the Kids. Boyd also wrote three of the episodes. Boyd appeared as recurring villainess Dana Whitcomb in six episodes of SyFy Channel's Sanctuary from 2008-2009. Boyd has garnered Gemini Award nominations for ABC Family Channel's Falcon Beach and Republic of Doyle. A singer for many years, Boyd has starred in such musicals as The Rocky Horror Show, Guys and Dolls, and Little Shop of Horrors. She also sang and toured with The Blenders in the 1980s. From 2010-2014 Boyd starred in the Canadian drama/comedy series Republic of Doyle as the character Rose Miller. In 2010, she was nominated for a Gemini Award in the category of Best Performance by an Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role for her role on the show. On August 3, 2011, Boyd rowed in the legendary Royal St. John's Regatta for the Republic of Doyle sponsored women's crew. They came in second. Boyd said she rowed on a Vancouver team in the spring in order to prepare for the race. From 2017-2020 Boyd was also a series regular on the western television series Tin Star, opposite Christina Hendricks and Tim Roth. Filmography References External links Lynda Boyd's Official Site 1965 births Living people 20th-century Canadian actresses 20th-century Canadian women singers 21st-century Canadian actresses 21st-century Canadian women singers Actresses from Vancouver Canadian female dancers Canadian film actresses Canadian musical theatre actresses Canadian stage actresses Canadian television actresses Canadian voice actresses Musicians from Vancouver
Francis Pugh House is a historic home located near Clinton, Sampson County, North Carolina. It was built about 1850, and is a one-story, double-pile center hall plan, Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It has a cross gable roof, brick pier foundation, and is sheathed in weatherboard. The front facade features a large, three bay gable front porch, supported by six Doric order pillars and two pilasters. It was restored in 1972 for an antique store. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. References Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Greek Revival houses in North Carolina Houses completed in 1850 Houses in Sampson County, North Carolina National Register of Historic Places in Sampson County, North Carolina
Zeb Powell (born January 18, 2000) is an American professional snowboarder based out of North Carolina. Zeb Powell is best known for his unforgivingly aggressive style that has won him gold in the 2020 XGames Knuckle Huck. Being the first black snowboarder to win gold in XGames history Zeb takes it upon himself to push for more diversity in the sport by partnering with Hoods to Woods an organization aiming to help the melanated youth have a chance to have a place in snowboarding. Early life Zeb Powell was born in North Carolina, and raised by adoptive parents Carl Powell and Valerie Powell. His Father Carl Powell runs a chip mill and his mother Valerie Powell is an assistant teacher. He also has grown up with the same group of friends since elementary school; Jack, Andrew, Luke, and Siler just to name a few. Zeb did not enjoy snowboarding at a young age due to an instructor forcing him to ride in regular stance, opposed to goofy. This did not stop Zeb as he quickly mastered his skills and won his first competition, Red Bull All Snow, at the age of 15. On the Mountain X Games 2020 Knuckle Huck - Zeb Powell placed 1st X Games 2022 Knuckle Huck - Zeb Powell placed 4th Red Bull All Snow 2016 at Carinthia Parks - Zeb Powell Place 1st Off the Mountain Hoods to Woods Foundation - Zeb Powell Partners up with Hoods to Woods to help bring more diversity to skiing and snowboarding while bringing new opportunities to people of color. References External links American male snowboarders 2001 births Living people Wikipedia Student Program
宫颈炎症会引起腰酸吗？宫颈炎的危害非常大，往往是因为分娩的或者是流产造成了宫颈损伤，细菌侵入自己的体内引起了宫颈感染，很多的慢性宫颈炎患者是因为急性宫颈炎转化来的，所以患者要及时的治疗急性宫颈炎，避免病症加重。子宫是一个非常复杂而且重要的器官，对女性们来说是缺一不可的，因为子宫不仅是生孩子器官，还是女性们的重要性别标志器官，子宫的健康对于女性们的身体影响非常大，宫颈炎给身体的危害有以下几种：1、宫颈炎患会出现的最主要的症状就是白带增多，宫颈炎患者的白带会出现呈白色粘液状的或者是黄色脓样状，如果宫颈炎伴随着息肉的情况就会导致患者出现白带中掺杂血丝或者是性交出血的情况。2、患上了宫颈炎会导致患者出现下腹胀痛的情况，同时伴随着痛经的症状，还会有患者出现腰部疼痛的情况，所以宫颈炎会导致患者出现腰疼的情况。3、患者在生活中会出现排尿苦难或者是尿频等症状表现，影响了患者的正常生活，给身体带去很多的困扰。上述的内容就是关于宫颈炎会导致腰疼吗这个问题的合理介绍，在生活中患者要及时的接受科学的治疗，不能总是盲目的用药，同时要定期的清洗外阴，避免细菌感染，在月经期间不能进行性生活，避免病症的严重危害给身体带去很多的影响。宫颈炎是妇科常见的一种炎症,一般药物治疗效果时间长,见效慢.如果没有及时得到治疗的话,宫颈炎会引发其他比较严重的妇科问题,同时会有导致癌变的可能的。宫颈炎的症状有分泌物增多,如不及时治疗,会引起腰酸痛,接触性出血等,严重会导致盆腔炎,盆腔炎的症状有下腹坠痛,胀痛,隐痛,腰骶部疼痛,性交痛,白带增多,经血量增加等.
一到中午就头晕是怎么回事？到中午会出现头晕的症状，有可能是和平时有午睡的习惯，没有睡觉导致的头晕、困乏有关系；也有可能是和晚上睡眠的时间不充足，睡眠的质量不好或者血压，贫血，血糖，颈椎等问题有关系那么一到中午就头晕是怎么回事？我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。有的患者一到中午就会感觉到头晕恶心，此时应该注意患者日间是否有久坐，面对电脑等情况，考虑不除外为颈椎病所致头晕，因为一上午工作之后，引起颈部姿势僵硬，疲劳，导致头晕。另外，若患者出现头晕，伴有心慌等症状，应该注意是否出现了低血糖的症状，可以监测血糖。如果患者为饭后出现了明显的头晕症状，考虑为进食后血液重新分布，脑供血不足而引起头晕。中午可以适当的午休半小时到一小时，多吃一些富含蛋白质和维生素的食物，晚上不要熬夜，保证充足的睡眠时间。有头晕症状，也可以去医院检查血压、血脂、血常规、血糖等确定诊断以后，再选择合理的治疗方法。一到中午就头晕，可能为以下几种可能。患者出现高血压。这时候可以监测血压明确诊断，如果血压高，可以调整降压治疗。低血糖。患者到中午的时候未进食或者进食较少或者通过降糖治疗，出现了低血糖的表现，如头晕，乏力，恶心等，可以通过监测血糖或者进食后症状缓解明确。夜间睡眠不足或者睡眠质量较差导致中午的困倦感。表现为头晕，恶心。这种需要通过改善睡眠来缓解中午的头晕恶心症状。一到中午就头晕恶心，考虑可能是由于在白天太阳晒的时间过长，就会引起血管收缩痉挛，从而导致头晕恶心的症状。建议患者一定要注意防晒，并且可以服用镇脑宁胶囊以及正天丸来进行治疗。但是还有一种情况是由于患者压力过大导致的脑供血不足的症状。
领海又称领水，是一个从领海基线，即沿岸国陆地领土及其内水以外，或者群岛国群岛水域以外向海洋延伸3-12海里的海域。但各國視實際狀況可能另有規定。一国主权及于领海及其上空和底土，視為國土的一部份，不可受到侵犯，但他國在領海可以行使通過之權。緣起領海設立的因素有三點：國家基於安全需要，須獨占其海岸，並自離岸的近海保護其海岸；國家須於沿岸港灣外檢查並管制停泊和進出的船舶，以符合其商業、財政或政治的目的；國家必須擁有其沿岸海域內的資源，以維持其居民的生活需要。領海寬度曾是爭論的核心。16世紀到17世紀的論點都採模糊的概念。最初有人主張以視力為領海範圍。後來荷蘭國際法學家格老秀斯等學者則力主以當時的「岸砲射程」（cannon shot）做為控制海域的範圍。地中海地區的國家也採用「岸砲射程」的主張。北歐的斯堪地那維亞各國，則以沿岸的固定「岸距」（fixed distance）做為領海的範圍。上述主張中，以「岸砲射程」得到普遍的贊同，由於18世紀大砲射程平均不超過，一些國家便規定其領海寬度為3海里。至1945年後，此慣例逐漸被改為甚至。最終由1982年聯合國《海洋法公約》確定為12海里。具體認定標準限制一個主權國家對其內水有完全之司法管轄權，外國船隻在領海中允許的無害通過權在內水是不允許的。根據1982年聯合國海洋法公約的規定，領海從領海基線起劃，即所在沿岸國的內水或海岸低潮線的連接。低潮線到永久暴露之岸邊裸土的距離並無具體規定，理論上是無限制的。但低潮線到高潮線間規則性暴露於水上的區域不得多於12海里。由一國領土完全包圍的封閉性湖、河、內海，皆為內水。海岸邊緣沿岸國所屬島嶼外緣，與海岸國海岸的連接線內側屬於內水。注入海中的河流河口，其靠岸邊一側的注口連線內側也算內水。由內水起算12海里，為領海。海灣另有特別規定。所謂「灣」乃指兩地岬（即海岸端突出之土地端點）所圈圍之大於半圓的水域。若此水域離陸皆不超過，則全部視為內水。假如「灣」的開口廣闊，則靠陸一側低潮線連成的24海里以內，視為內水。由內水起算再12海里為領海，即低潮線到的外海，沿岸國有完全之主權管轄權。領海之外，海洋法公約允許一國主張領海基線外側24海里的毗連區（亦稱「臨接海域」、「臨接區」）。在此海域中，一國可立法規定防制有關移民、防疫、海關等事項的違法行為。美國到1999年才正式確認對其仳臨區的管轄。簡言之，一國對其水域之管轄，隨內水、領海、仳臨區、排他性經濟海域而遞減。在公海則各國權利平等。領海上的無害通過外國船隻依照海洋法公約有權在某國領海進行「無害通過」。依據公約，無害通過係指不損害沿海國的和平、安全和良好秩序的通過，无需事先通知或取得沿海国的许可。反面而言，只要外國船舶於經過領海時，有損害沿海國和平、良好秩序和安全之情事發生，即為非無害。而當中所謂「通過」，是指為橫渡領海但不進入內水、或為駛入內水或自內水駛往公海而通過領海。這種航行應繼續不停地迅速進行。不經許可不得停船和下錨。但通常航行所附帶發生的停泊和下錨，或者因不可抗力或遇難目的的停泊和下錨，則是容許的。爭端的根源領海是國際政治爭端的重要根源之一。各國往往武斷宣示其領海以遂行資源開發，或者驅逐敵對的海上移動性廣播設施。例如南中國海的島嶼爭議連帶引生領海爭議。另一案例是利比亞宣示其西達灣為其完全之領海，但美軍軍艦多次通行而引生衝突，格達費上校於是威脅稱，此灣為侵略者之「死亡線」。西方國家僅承認利比亞沿岸12海里之管轄，認為可對西達灣行無害通過。美國對其大西洋、太平洋沿岸實施200海里「防空識別區」政策，非北約會員軍艦、軍機很難可在此任意通行。2006年10月，兩架俄羅斯轟炸機進入防空識別區，並逼近美國領空，北美防空司令部派遣美國和加拿大6架戰機准備進行攔截，在近距離監察後，俄機調頭飛離，最終並未進入美、加領空。利比亞與美國皆簽署了海洋法公約，但兩國皆未批准，故該公約對兩國尚未生效。迴避爭議與較小主張若干國家由於鄰近地區爭議甚大、實力不足等各種原因，為避免發生衝突或無法實際執行海上執法，仍沿用三海里之領海規定，甚至不主張領海。有些國家則僅宣示6海里領海，以脫卸遠端海域的管轄責任。這是海洋法公約允許的。例如恩怨糾纏不清，海域臨接的希臘與土耳其兩國。或者宣稱依據協商為準，如愛沙尼亞考慮到與俄羅斯、芬蘭的關係所做的規定，以及日本考慮與俄國關係在宗谷海峽所做的規定；另外日本方面與中華民國、中華人民共和國、韓國、俄國等週邊地區有領海爭議，在領海權談判上較為複雜。俄國在波羅的海之飛地加里寧格勒，位處立陶宛和波蘭兩個北約組織暨歐洲聯盟成員國之間，另外波蘭和立陶宛向來與俄國不和，俄立波三國之間對於加里寧格勒的俄國領海進出做出彈性協商。在珠江三角洲的廣東和香港两地，在香港主權移交前分別是中英两國的領海，而中英双方彼此有約定俗成的領海界線，故粵港两地領海並未有明顯重疊的情況；後來在香港回归後，香港水域納入中國領海，並有南海艦隊駐紮，但由於两地擁有各自的司法權和執法權的關係，粵港两地的水警隊仍以本地海域為執法界線，基本上並無跨省追捕的情形（然而澳門特別行政區並無鄰近海域之管辖權如填海自決權等，僅有水路交通管理權）。朝鮮半島上從三十八度線往黃海延伸的「北方分界線」一直是南北雙方爭議較大的海域。依照首爾當局的觀點，NLL較貼近朝鲜的西南海岸線，但平壤當局則主張NLL是一條由東北向西南延伸的直線；由於南北雙方對NLL認知的差異，雙方經常在此海域發生武裝衝突，如2010年年底的延坪島炮擊事件。伊朗和伊拉克曾因為臨近波斯灣的阿拉伯河以及出海口領海糾紛，爆發了兩伊戰爭。裏海週邊的國家，如俄羅斯、伊朗、土庫曼、亞塞拜然、哈薩克等國，也有在各國沿岸行使領海主張。巴勒斯坦的加薩走廊，由於靠近地中海並和以色列接壤的關係，但巴勒斯坦當局並未對加薩走廊沿海提出領海主張。但也有國家即使實力不足，仍刻意宣示大於12海里的領海，保留對抗鄰國的空間，如利比亞（卡扎菲時代）、索馬里。各國領海主張現況無領海：波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納、蒙特內哥羅 3海里：約旦、帛琉 6海里：土耳其在爱琴海，但12海里在黑海与地中海 10海里：希臘 12海里：美國、英國、法國、俄罗斯、中華人民共和國、中華民國、德國、日本、新加坡、澳大利亚等多數國家或地区。 12海里與另行規定區（DLM）：斯洛文尼亞（指該國除了奉行12海里外，再有爭端處另以法律規定其領海實際區域。） 13海里：意大利-突尼斯 30海里：多哥 200海里：贝宁、剛果共和国、薩爾瓦多、秘魯、索馬里依據協商劃定：菲律賓奉行具體依據協商劃定的政策，故其領海距岸一般大於12海里。澳大利亚與巴布亞紐幾內亞的領海劃分則以條約規定。特殊情況：由於國際政治的複雜狀況，12海里的適用仍有甚多例外。例如仍屬丹麥的北極區格陵蘭島殖民地，根據丹麥規定不適用12海里。未來情況依據其國王頒佈之法律為準。屬於懸而未決的模糊狀態。如愛沙尼亞在芬蘭灣的領海，亦依據協商結果為準。芬蘭一般適用12海里，但在芬兰湾为了留出国际水道，法律規定處领海界不超越国际水道中心线的3海里。日本在北海道南北端的宗谷海峽、津輕海峽，鄰近韓國的對馬海峽（、）東側及西側水道和鹿兒島縣南方的大隅海峽等五處以法律附則規定適用3海里。土耳其在黑海適用12海里，在愛琴海適用6海里。英國在本土與曼島、福克蘭群島適用12海里，在維京群島等海外屬地適用3海里。澳大利亚与巴布亚新几内亚按照条约划分伯利兹部分采取3海里中华民国（台湾）和中华人民共和国（中国大陆）处两岸分治、敌对状态，在台湾海峡，台湾方面认为双方以海峡中线为实质分界线。即便是公海，中华民国方面仍将中华人民共和国进入海峡中线东侧区域或围绕台湾岛航行的行为，视为军事挑衅和威胁。各國臨接海域主張狀況無仳臨區主張：英國、義大利、德國、土耳其、希臘、伊朗、荷蘭、菲律賓、以色列等國。 14海里：芬蘭 15海里：委內瑞拉 18海里：孟加拉、蘇丹、沙烏地阿拉伯、甘比亞 24海里：美國、緬甸、法國、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、中華人民共和國、墨西哥、紐西蘭、韓國等國。朝鮮民主主義人民共和國陸軍總部1977年頒佈了50海里的「軍事區」。主要國家專屬經濟區主張的大小参考领土海洋領海基線經濟海域主权主权争议海洋资源聯合國海洋法公約参考文献外部链接中国领海基点地理区划类型水文地理学海洋法漁業法海上邊界
Laura E. Gómez is a professor at the School of Law at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also holds appointments in Sociology and the Department of Chicana & Chicano Studies and Central American Studies. Education and career Gómez received her B.A. in Social Studies from Harvard University in 1986 where she was a Harry S. Truman Scholar. She received her M.A. in Sociology from Stanford University in 1988. She later received her J.D. with Honors from Stanford Law School in 1992 and her Ph.D. in Sociology from Stanford University in 1994. Following law school, Gómez clerked on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for Judge Dorothy W. Nelson. Before going to Stanford, she worked as a legislative aide to U.S. Senator Jeff Bingaman. At UCLA, Gómez co-founded and served as the first co-director (with Jerry Kang) of UCLA's Critical Race Studies Program from 2000-2002. The program is the first specialized program of study on race and law in any U.S. law school. Gómez was a Professor in School of Law & American Studies at the University of New Mexico from 2005 to 2011. Gómez is active in several national scholarly organizations, including the Law and Society Association (where she has served as Treasurer and on the Board of Trustees), the American Sociological Association's Sociology of Law Section, the Association of American Law Schools Minority Section, the Critical race theory Workshops, and LatCrit. Gómez has also served as an Associate Editor of the Law & Society Review. Gómez has been a peer reviewer for several other journals in legal studies, gender studies, Chicano/a studies, legal history and sociology, and she has been a member of the editorial boards of SIGNS and Studies in Law, Politics and Society. Gómez has held prestigious residential fellowships at the School for American Research in Santa Fe and the Stanford Humanities Center, where in 1996-97 she was the last Rockefeller Fellow in Legal Humanities. Gómez as the former Dean of Social Sciences has faced the accusation in the media of discriminating in hiring practices against conservatives. She opted not to promote Keith A. Fink to Continuing Lecturer, effectively ending his employment with the Department of Communication Studies on June 30, 2017. Publications Gómez is the author of Manifest Destinies: The Making of the Mexican American Race (2007) and Inventing Latinos: A New Story of American Racism (2020). References 1964 births Harvard College alumni Stanford University alumni UCLA School of Law faculty University of New Mexico faculty American lawyers Living people People from Roswell, New Mexico American women lawyers People from Albuquerque, New Mexico American women academics 21st-century American women
集成辅助医疗是什么?？另类医疗用来其他的治疗方式来取代传统的医学的疗法。辅助医疗是用另类疗法配合传统医学及现代医学的治疗方式，协助现有疗程。所谓集成辅助医疗总和了另类医疗与辅助医疗。其作法将包括抽象的精神、心灵或宗教支柱;并非创建在有证据的作法上，也非欧洲的传统医学或是最新展发展的治疗方式。美国国家辅助及另类医疗中心将辅助及另类医疗定义为 "一些不同的医疗保健系统、施行方式或产品，但到目前为止并不被认为是传统医学的一部分"。网站还定义集成医疗为 "结合主流医学治疗与辅助及另类医疗并在安全性和有效性均能提供高品质的科学证据"。Ralph Snyderman和 Andrew Weil所提出的联合声明中提到 "集成医学不等于辅助疗法及另类疗法。集成医学更深远的意义和目的在于回复医疗的重点于健康与医疗并加强病人与医师的交互关系"。日前在香港已有成立一个国际集成辅助医疗协会，其主要目的为致力于将全球有关集成辅助医疗的相关信息做一整理与分类，希望将集成辅助医疗的新知能同步于华文地区，尤其是针对癌症病人的帮助。期从严谨的科学角度、专业的学术研究，提供权威性的信息给一般民众以及专业人士参考。
胡家营镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。行政区划胡家营镇下辖以下地区：。参考资料
2015年美洲杯是从2015年6月11日至7月4日在智利举行的国际足球锦标赛。参赛的12支国家队都必须注册一支22人的阵容，如果球队选择3名守门员，名单则为23名球员；只有参赛名单上的球员才有资格参加比赛。每个国家的球员将选择1-23号球衣。各队队长由括号标出。 A组智利最终的23人名单于2015年5月30日公布。6月5日，中场因肌肉撕裂退出国家队，由代替。于6月7日代替了卡路士·卡蒙拿。主教练：佐治·森柏奧利墨西哥最终的23人名单于2015年5月11日公布。5月26日，后卫因脚踝受伤退出国家队，由代替。主教练：厄瓜多尔最终的23人名单于2015年6月1日公布。6月1日，中场因脚踝受伤退出国家队，由代替。6月3日，安东尼奥·瓦伦西亚在接受紧急踝关节手术后退出国家队。6月11日，前锋因肌肉拉伤退出国家队，由代替。主教练：玻利维亚最终的23人名单于2015年6月1日公布。主教练： B组阿根廷最终的23人名单于2015年5月27日公布。各球员号码于6月7日公布。主教练：赫拉多·马蒂诺备注：馬里奧諾·安杜哈爾在比赛中途受伤，于6月22日作为替代球员被征召。根据规定，在比赛开始后，只有门将可以因伤势更换。乌拉圭最终的23人名单于2015年5月23日公布。各球员号码于6月5日公布。主教练：奧斯卡·泰巴尼斯巴拉圭最终的23人名单于2015年5月28日公布。主教练：拉蒙·迪亚斯牙买加主教练：雲費特·舒哈化 C组巴西最终的23人名单于2015年5月5日公布。5月24日，门将迭戈·阿尔维斯因膝盖受伤退出国家队，由诺伯托·穆拉拉·内托代替。5月29肉，后卫马塞洛·维埃拉因背部受伤退出国家队，由代替。6月2日，中场路易斯·古斯塔沃因要进行半月板损伤修复手术退出国家队，由費特·洛迪古斯代替。6月11日，达尼洛·路易斯·达·席尔瓦在巴西2:0击败墨西哥的比赛中受伤退出国家队，由丹尼尔·阿尔维斯代替。主教练：邓加哥伦比亚最终的23人名单于2015年5月30日公布。主教练：何塞·佩克尔曼秘鲁最终的23人名单于2015年5月25日公布。各球员号码于6月7日公布。主教练：委内瑞拉最终的23人名单于2015年6月1日公布。主教练：参考文献 2015年美洲盃
Toshiko Karasawa (; 7 May 1911 – 2 December 2013) was a Japanese politician for the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) and labor activist. Born in Sapporo on the island Hokkaido, Karasawa graduated from Sapporo Kita High School in 1929, and served two terms as a representative for her party for the House of Representatives, in 1946 and 1949, before retiring soon after. Karasawa died of natural causes on 2 December 2013, aged 102, at a health care facility in Toyama, Toyama. References 1911 births 2013 deaths People from Sapporo Japanese centenarians Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) Japanese activists Japanese Communist Party politicians Women centenarians 20th-century Japanese women politicians 20th-century Japanese politicians
Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (1946–2013) was an Israeli international relations and conflict resolution scholar. Biography Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov received a bachelor's degree in Middle Eastern studies and Political Science, as well as a master's degree and a Doctorate in International Relations, all from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Academic career He was the Giancarlo Elia Valori Professor of International Relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he held the "Chair for the Study of Peace and Regional Cooperation". He was also the Director of the "Swiss Center for Conflict Research, Management and Resolution" at the Hebrew University, and the Head of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. A recipient of the Israeli Association for International Studies' Lifetime Achievement Award, Professor Bar-Siman-Tov was a noted expert in the fields of management and resolution of international conflicts; negotiation; decision-making; and the Arab–Israeli conflict. He was also a member of the Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies Advisory Board at Yale University Press; member of the "Global Faculty of Education for Peace" at the "International Education for Peace Institute"; and an Associate Partner at the "Jerusalem Peace Academy". He is listed in Who's Who in Academia, and in Who's Who in International Organizations. In 2000, Bar-Siman-Tov founded the Swiss Center for Conflict Research, Management and Resolution at the Hebrew University, the first center for the study of conflict resolution in Israel. He has been serving as the Swiss Center's Director ever since. Since 2003, he has also been the Head of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, an independent, non-partisan, think-tank which provides data, policy papers, and professional analyses for a variety of governmental bodies, public institutions, civil organizations, decision-makers, researchers, and the general public. He also held several additional senior academic positions at the Hebrew University, including "Chair of the International Relations Department" (1993–1996); "Chair of the Social Sciences Faculty Teaching Committee" (1996–1997); and "Director of the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations" (1997–2003). Published works Bar-Siman-Tov has written extensively in the fields of international relations, negotiation, decision-making, and the Arab Israeli conflict. Since the 1990s, his research primarily has focused on conflict resolution, and on management and resolution of international conflicts. He is the author of seven books: The Israeli-Egyptian War of Attrition 1969-1970: A Case Study of Limited Local War (Columbia University Press, 1980). It won the "Landau Prize" for the best book on Middle East studies for the year 1982. Linkage Politics in the Middle East: Syria Between Domestic and External Conflict, 1961-1970 (Westview Press, 1983) Israel the Superpowers and the War in the Middle East (Praeger, 1987) Israel and the Peace Process, 1977-1982: In Search of Legitimacy for Peace (SUNY Press, 1994) The Transition from War to Peace: The Complexity of Decisionmaking - The Israeli Case (The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research, 1996) The Disengagement from the Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria: Evacuation, Compensation and Legitimization (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2007; with Keren Tamir) Justice and Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Routledge, 2015) He is also the editor of several books, including: The Yom Kippur War: A New Perspective (The Leonard Davis Institute, 1999; with Chaim Ophaz) Stable Peace Among Nations (Rowman and Littlefield, 2000; with Arie M. Kacowicz, Ole Elgstrom, and Magnus Jerneck) From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (Oxford University Press, 2004) As the Generals See It: The Collapse of the Oslo Process and the Violent Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (The Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations, 2004) The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict from a Peace Process to a Violent Confrontation: 2000-2005 (Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2006) It won the Yitzhak Sadeh Prize for the best book in military studies for the year of 2006. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Conflict Resolution to Conflict Management (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007) Forty Years in Jerusalem1967-2007 (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2009; with Ora Ahimeir) ''The Disengagement Plan - An Idea Shattered(The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2009) Barriers to Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2010) References 1946 births 2013 deaths Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
脸部中风前兆有哪些症状？中风的发生，归纳起来不外虚（阴虚、气虚）、火（肝火、心火）、风（肝风、外风）、痰（风痰、湿痰）、气（气逆）、血（血瘀）六端。过食肥甘醇酒，脾失健运，聚湿生痰，痰郁化热，引动肝风，夹痰上扰，可致病发，尤以酗酒诱发最烈。脸部中风前兆有哪些症状？1、头晕。中老年人中风前兆，会反复出现瞬间眩晕，突然自觉头晕目眩，视物旋转，几秒钟后便恢复常态，可能是短暂性脑缺血发作，俗是中风的先兆，应及早诊治，防止中风发生。2、肢体麻木。中老年人出现肢体麻木的异常感觉，除颈椎病、糖尿病外，如伴有头痛、眩晕、头重脚轻、舌头发胀等症状，或有高血压、高血脂、糖尿病或脑动脉硬化等疾病史时，应多加以注意，警惕中风发生，突然发病或单侧肢体乏力，站立不稳，很快缓解后又发作要当心。3、脸部中风的前兆，一般人的精神状态也特别的反常，特别容易出现精神不振、易犯困，或沉默寡言，或多语烦躁的情况。4、你可能会突然变得模糊或单眼或双眼视力变黑，或者您可能会看到双影。头痛。突然剧烈头痛，这可能伴有呕吐，头晕或意识改变。行走障碍，您可能会绊倒或遇到突发性眩晕，失去平衡或协调的损失损失。5、脸部中风就是面神经麻痹，症状即面神经麻痹、口歪、头痛、肢体麻痹、突发文盲、语言障碍、突发不明原因跌倒或昏厥、困倦、恶心等症状，一般没有什么前兆。以上介绍了脸部中风前兆有哪些症状，脸部和眼睛歪，一般最常见的是面瘫的情况，一般面瘫又称为周围面神经麻痹。因此在出现这些症状时，要及时去医院请医生给予正确地诊断和治疗，千万不能大意。注意做一些适当的体育锻炼，这也可以增强我们的体质。
肺闭喘咳的症状是什么？风寒外束的，恶寒发热，头痛无汗而咳嗽气喘;风温犯肺的，寒轻热重或不恶寒，有汗，喘咳胁痛，舌红苔微黄;火热迫肺的，高热，自汗，烦渴，喘急，脉洪大。
Kurowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowa, within Głogów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately north of Jerzmanowa, south-west of Głogów, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has an approximate population of 279 people as of April 2011. References Kurowice
Corynoptera forcipata is a species of fly in the family Sciaridae. It is found in the Palearctic realm. References Sciaridae Insects described in 1867
Mirnawan Nawawi (born 19 September 1971) is a former field hockey player from Malacca, Malaysia. He went to the Royal Military College, Kuala Lumpur during his high school years. Mirnawan was the skipper for the Malaysia national team from 1998 until 2002. He was known as 'The Boss' during his playing days and has scored 250 career goals. Career Domestic In Malaysia Hockey League, Mirnawan has won four doubles with four teams Tenaga Nasional Berhad HC (then called Kelab Kilat) in 1991–92, Yayasan Negeri Sembilan HC in 1996, MPPJ in 1997 and BSN in 2000. In 2001 he won the MHL Cup and emerged as the top scorer with 19 goals but lose the league title to Tenaga Nasional Berhad. In 2002, he represent the Arthur Andersen Sports Club. In 2004, he clinch the league title with Sapura. He last played in the Malaysian Hockey League for Telekom Malaysia in 2005. He return to the competitive game when playing for Kepong Baru in the Kuala Lumpur Hockey League. National team In 1988, 17-year-old Mirnawan was part of a Junior World Cup bound team that played in the MHL. Mirnawan has played in three Olympics Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000, three Asian Games Beijing 1990, Hiroshima 1994 and Bangkok 1998, the Champions Trophy and two World Cup in Utrecht 1998 and Kuala Lumpur 2012. In his last Olympic appearances, Mirnawan has been selected as the Flag Bearer of the Malaysian Contingent for the Opening Ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. He stepped down from the international scene in 2002 after having acquired 327 caps. He is the manager for Project 2013 squad that finish as champions in 2012 Junior Asia Cup. References External links TRANSKRIP TEMUBUAL BERSAMA DENGAN ENCIK MIRNAWAN BIN NAWAWI MENGENAI PENGLIBATAN, PENGALAMAN DAN SUMBANGAN BELIAU DALAM ARENA SUKAN HOKI NEGARA 1971 births Living people Malaysian people of Malay descent Sportspeople from Malacca Malaysian male field hockey players Male field hockey forwards Olympic field hockey players for Malaysia Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup players 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Malaysia Asian Games medalists in field hockey Asian Games bronze medalists for Malaysia Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games SEA Games medalists in field hockey SEA Games gold medalists for Malaysia Field hockey players at the 1990 Asian Games Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Competitors at the 1995 SEA Games Competitors at the 1997 SEA Games Competitors at the 1999 SEA Games Competitors at the 2001 SEA Games Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
台北市第五信用合作社（簡稱台北五信、五信）是臺灣的一家信用合作社，也是台北僅存的信用合作社，總社位於臺北市大同區，服務範圍涵蓋臺北市及桃園市，迄至目前共有十三個營業單位，員工人數約230人。其前身為「台北市大龍峒信用組合」，於1918年設立。歷史 1918年7月29日，鑒於台北大龍峒地區（今台北市大同區）尚無金融機構之設立，經陳培根、辜顯榮等地方人士勸募，於台北市大龍峒町三三九番地（今為大同區哈密街）成立「台北市大龍峒信用組合」，並由陳培根擔任第一任組合長。第二任組合長辜顯榮先生為謀求社業務擴展，遷移下奎府町二四三番地（今民生西路總社社址），1945年日本投降，1946年易名為「台北市龍江信用組合」(但1935年台灣博覽會地圖與今日總社相應地址已可見龍江信用組合之名)，後又改組為「有限責任台北市龍江信用合作社」，1947年依《合作社法》制定章程、並改制為「有限責任台北市第五信用合作社」，1962年復改組為「保證責任台北市第五信用合作社」。 1981年9月，為擴大服務社員，奉准將儲蓄部遷出單獨營業，1971年9月増設大同分社（大同區）。 1984年9月増設中山分社（中山區），大同分社遷移新址營業。1988年8月増設松山分社（信義區）。 1990年五月増設大安分社（大安區），1991年5月増設石牌分社（北投區），1992年9月増設南港分社（南港區），儲蓄部奉准於11月23日遷移新址擴大營業。 1993年6月28日，合作社總社遷入原址新建七層大樓，9月増設文山分社（文山區），1994年11月増設北投分社（北投區），1995年7月増設中正分社（中正區），1999年7月増設內湖分社（內湖區）。 2001年5月増設天母分社（士林區），7月儲蓄部奉准更名為吉林分社（中山區），11月中正分社奉准遷移至中正區南昌路二段。 2003年7月7日松山分社奉准遷移新址南港區中坡南路繼續營業，2005年12月19日石牌分社奉准遷移新址北投區裕民六路。 2006年4月19日奉准變更名稱為「有限責任台北市第五信用合作社」。 2013年11月15日業經主管機關核准擴大業務區域至桃園縣（今桃園市）。參考來源外部連結台北市第五信用合作社臺灣信用合作社 1918年成立的银行大同區公司 (臺灣)
男子乳腺发育的中医治疗？中药治疗：有文献报道用消疬汤治疗男性乳房肥大症30例，治愈18例，显效8例，好转2例，无效2例，总有效率93.3%。其方剂组成：仙茅、仙灵脾、巴戟天(各)12g，鹿角粉3g(另包吞服)，柴胡、青皮(各)10g，白芍、当归、大贝母、王不留行(各)15g，全瓜萎30g,炮甲片10g。1剂/d，水煎，2次/d，温服，2个月为1个疗程，1个疗程后观察疗效。
Återtåget may refer to: 1996 July-August tour in Sweden by Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider Återtåget Live!, 1997 album from Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider
肛门坠胀老有便意？肛门坠胀的原因有很多，比如内痔嵌顿、肛窦炎、脱肛都可以引起肛门坠胀，但是每一种的情况都不一样。比如内痔是因为痔核脱出肛门外面，引起静脉回流受阻，出现肛门坠胀，而肛窦炎是引起肛门坠胀的重要原因，但是往往伴有疼痛，脱肛是因为直肠黏膜松弛，堆积在直肠内，还没有脱出到肛门外面，所以肛门坠胀。另外就是直肠癌也会出现肛门坠胀，往往这种情况还伴有便血、疼痛，可以做电子结肠镜来区别。注意饮食结构的调整，存在便秘的情况，建议平时不要吃辛辣刺激性的食物，可以多吃一些新鲜的蔬菜和水果，多吃粗纤维类食物，平时多饮水，可以适当的喝一些蜂蜜水，规律作息时间，不要熬夜，肛门坠胀感原因特别多，肠道出现炎症时可以出现排大便次数增多，可以出现肛门坠涨的情况，直肠炎临床表现除了出血，有的患者临床表现肛门坠涨感，自肛门分泌很多脓性分泌物。肛门坠涨的原因还可能是出口梗阻型便秘，比如直肠内套叠及直肠前突，直肠内套叠表现为直肠松弛的粘膜，多有肛门堵塞感，伴有肛门下坠感及排大便不尽感。混合痔合并嵌顿也会导致肛门坠胀，直肠粘膜因刺激出现扩张、肿大，脱出肛门之前患者会有明显的肛门坠胀感。肛周脓肿也会引起肛门坠胀感，肛周脓肿起病比较急，患者表现为肛门疼痛，尤其坐骨直肠窝脓肿，多会引起肛门坠胀感。直肠粘膜下脓肿也会引起肛门坠胀。要及时就医，做好肛门护理，具体就是坐姿时让肛门悬空透气，便后用水清洗干净肛周，熏蒸坐浴保证足够时间。做到这些并不容易，医生一般会让准备一套电动肛门护理包，里面有肛部支撑垫帮助悬空透气，肛部药浴盆直接放在马桶上用坐姿坐浴，肛部清洁器每次便后水洗。
USS Spangler (DE-696) was a of the United States Navy. Namesake Donald Hays Spangler was born on 29 May 1918 in Albion, Indiana. He was appointed midshipman at the United States Naval Academy on 8 July 1938 and commissioned Ensign on 19 December 1941. He reported for duty on the at Boston, Massachusetts, on 3 January 1942. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant (junior grade) to date from 1 October 1942. He was killed in action when Atlanta was heavily damaged during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands on 13 November 1942. Construction and commissioning Spangler was laid down on 28 April 1943 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company, Bay City, Michigan. She was launched on 15 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Myrtle Spangler; and commissioned on 31 October 1943, with Lieutenant Commander W. A. Burgett in command. Service history World War II, 1943–1945 After shakedown in the vicinity of Bermuda, Spangler joined a convoy on 24 December 1943, and headed for the Pacific via the Panama Canal. She arrived at Bora Bora in the Society Islands, on 20 January 1944. There she received orders to rendezvous with convoy Task Unit 116.15.3 as the flagship of Commander Escort Division 39, and to head for Espiritu Santo New Hebrides Islands. In mid-February, she escorted to Purvis Bay, Florida Island, in the Solomons, and then took up patrol station off Guadalcanal two days later. After escorting to Torokina Point on Bougainville, she rounded out the month patrolling off Blanche Harbor, Treasury Island, and off Purvis Bay. For the next three months, Spangler escorted convoys on shuttle runs between various islands in the South Pacific. During that period, she visited Guadalcanal, Espiritu Santo, New Caledonia, Florida Island, Majuro, Emirau, Rendova, and Manus. In late May, Spangler sailed from Tulagi to the Admiralty Islands with a supply of hedgehog depth charges for her sister destroyer escorts , , and . She rendezvoused with the three ships at Manus on 27 May, delivered her cargo, and the four ships sortied the next day to join a hunter/killer group formed around the escort carrier . The task group was steaming north during the waning hours of 30 May when the destroyer made a sound contact on the . While England and Spangler headed toward the southern end of the scouting line, Raby and George charged to the attack. Both ships attacked the enemy, but with no apparent success. During the night, they lost contact with the submerged enemy. However, after a few hours, the Japanese commanding officer obligingly surfaced between Raby and George, and switched on his searchlights. England and Spangler raced toward the shaft of light which fixed Ro-105s position for them perfectly. By 05:00 on 31 May, they were in contact with Raby and George, and with the Officer in Tactical Command (OTC). At first light, Raby and George each attacked the Japanese submarine in quick succession. When their efforts failed, Spangler joined the fray. She attacked with 24 depth charges, but without success. Englands full pattern of depth charges at 07:35 brought a huge explosion and a watery grave to Ro-105. On 2 June, the ships joined Task Group 30.4 (TG 30.4) and returned to Seeadler Harbor at Manus. Spangler continued to operate with Hoggatt Bay until 21 June, when she headed for Purvis Bay and overhaul. From the completion of overhaul in late July until the end of September, the destroyer escort operated out of Purvis Bay on escort assignments and anti-submarine warfare training. During that period, she called at Guadalcanal, Espiritu Santo, Barika Island, Tulagi, Eniwetok, Tarawa, and Hollandia. In October, Spangler became station ship at Funafuti in the Ellice Islands. However, she was employed in this role only briefly, and soon returned to Purvis Bay and escort duty, and, for the remainder of 1944, screened ships shuttling to Kossol Passage, Ulithi, and Guam. Spanglers base of operations was changed to Guam on New Year's Day 1945. She was assigned to escort duty on the Guam-Ulithi supply route and the additional duty of hunter-killer operations. Over the next three months, she escorted and patrolled as a part of the Marianas-Iwo Jima air-sea rescue unit. From 26 April to 27 May, she served as station ship at Saipan; then she returned to her screening station off Guam until the end of World War II. On 4 September, after returning to Guam from Okinawa, Spangler got underway, in company with Raby, and headed back to the United States. The two destroyer escorts stopped at Pearl Harbor on 22 September; then continued on to San Pedro, Los Angeles, for overhaul. Post-war activities, 1946–1958 After overhaul, Spangler departed the west coast on 20 February 1946 to return to the Western Pacific, via Pearl Harbor and Guam. She remained in the Far East for the next five months and, during the deployment, visited the Chinese ports of Swatow, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Tsingtao. Spangler put in at Okinawa on 19 November, and remained until 1 February 1947, when she got underway in company with and to return to the United States. Spangler entered San Diego on 2 March 1947 and, for the next eight and one-half years, operated out of that port along the California coast. During those years, she often visited Long Beach and San Francisco, and made five voyages to Hawaii and one to Acapulco, Mexico. On 4 October 1955, the destroyer escort departed San Diego for the western Pacific. She stopped briefly at Pearl Harbor and at Midway Atoll, and made Yokosuka, Japan, on 22 October. Spangler was deployed for six months, during which time she visited Sasebo, Japan; Hong Kong; and Subic Bay in the Philippines. She left Yokosuka on 13 March 1956 and after stops at Midway and Pearl Harbor, reached San Diego on 31 March. With the exception of one short trip to Long Beach and back in mid-September, Spangler spent the remainder of 1956 in port at San Diego. On 3 January 1957, the destroyer escort again headed westward from San Diego. This voyage took Spangler on a tour to many of the places made famous over a decade before; among her ports of call were Kwajalein Atoll and Auckland, New Zealand, in January; Manus in the Admiralty Islands in February, Guam in February and March; and Corregidor, Manila, and Singapore in April. She also visited Yokosuka, Japan; Sattahip, Thailand; Hong Kong; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Sasebo, Japan; Chinhae, Korea; and Kobe and Beppu, Japan. On 20 June 1957, Spangler headed homeward from Yokosuka. She returned to San Diego on 7 July, and, for the next 15 months, operated along the west coast. Decommissioning and sale On 8 October 1958, Spangler was decommissioned at Astoria, Oregon, and joined the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She remained in reserve until 1 March 1972, when her name was struck from the Navy list. Her hulk was sold on 20 November 1972 to Zidell Explorations, Inc., of Portland, Oregon, for scrapping. Awards Spangler earned two battle stars during World War II. References External links USS Spangler site Buckley-class destroyer escorts Ships built in Bay City, Michigan World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States 1943 ships
人類民俗館（Museum of Ethnology）位於香港新界大埔滘紅林路2號嘉里白鷺湖互動中心內，於2000年開幕，是香港首個以世界民族為主題的博物館。博物館只限團體參觀，並不開放予公眾人士參觀。源起 1990年代中期，嘉里建設計劃於大埔滘發展大型住宅項目滌濤山（包括12座9層高寓所、50幢獨立洋房及28座複式別墅）。由於鄰近為一處潟湖及紅樹林濕地，是白鷺的棲息地，於是政府在地契規定發展商須興建及營運大埔滘互動自然中心（即今日的白鷺湖互動中心），以提倡並宣揚環保意識及知識。除了人類民俗館外，白鷺湖互動中心設有「小白鷺餐廳」及「自然活動中心」。展覽內容人類民俗館展出約1000件藏品，介紹人類在不同地理環境下，如何利用及組合大自然資源，加上創意與發明來改善生活質素。珍貴展品包括愛斯基摩人馴鹿骨製品、廿八呎長的印度洋外架獨木舟、及巴布亞新畿內亞的祭神舞衣等。藏品以功能和對人類不同生活範疇的影響來區分，分為12個部分: 紡與織石器文明的搖籃離開陸地音樂這一切來自樹林捕魚工具世界編織祭裝飾與美行得更快、去得更遠西部先鋒他們野蠻嗎？開放時間 10:00-18:00 星期一至星期日及公眾假期：只接受團體(30人或以上)預約參觀票價成人：港幣20元小童(12歲以下) 、長者(60歲或以上) 及殘疾人士：港幣15元交通外部連結人類民俗館香港博物館大埔滘中国民俗博物馆 2000年建立的博物馆
黑色素脱失斑怎么治？黑色素脱失斑是难治性疾病，治疗时间较长。给予局部异常的色素细胞再生黑色素的能力，抑制病情的发展，控制皮疹面积的扩大，使皮疹处色色素减退区变淡，边缘模糊不易辨认。进展期的白癜风主要是迅速控制疾病的进展。一般系统给以小剂量的糖皮质激素口服，外用糖皮质激素，以及中医中药治疗。稳定期的白癜风给予光化学疗法、手术治疗等。目前发现维生素D3衍生物卡泊三醇软膏、他卡西醇软膏、他克莫司软膏等外用，对白癜风有一定的作用。避免使用刺激性的药物，避免外伤和局部刺激，劳逸结合，加强锻炼，适当的日光浴，避免过度劳累，平时少吃富含维生素C的药物和食物。白癜风皮损色素完全脱失，呈瓷白色斑，白斑大小形态不一，境界清楚，边缘有色素沉着增加，无自觉症状，暴晒后易出现红斑，甚至水泡，自觉有灼痛、炎症后，白斑可比原发范围大，皮损可发生于任何部位，但较常见于指背、腕、前臂、面颈、生殖器及其周围。白斑常对称或单侧分布，甚至如带状沿神经分布。白癜风病因众多而且复杂，加之患者的病情也存在差异，因此不可采用一种疗法来医治。单纯的依靠一种疗法医治，往往治标不治本，病情很容易反复，不仅延长了医治的时间，加大了精力和金钱的投入，也给患者的身心带来一定的损伤!因此，白癜风患者医治时，一定要根据患者的不同情况采用不同的医治方案。白癜风的白斑具有很强的扩散性，早期的白斑发病面积是比较小的，病情相对容易治疗，病情发展到后期，会诱发很多的并发症，治疗复杂，并且患者还不容易康复，危害十分的严重，要积极的进行早期的治疗。
The 2023 Valparaiso Beacons football team will represent Valparaiso University as a member of the Pioneer Football League (PFL) during the 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Beacons are led by fifth-year head coach Landon Fox and play home games at Brown Field in Valparaiso, Indiana. Schedule References Valparaiso Valparaiso Beacons football seasons Valparaiso Beacons football
Amet Sound is a large body of water, an embayment of the Northumberland Strait, on the north shore Nova Scotia straddling Colchester and Pictou counties. It takes its name from Amet Island, a small island just beyond the mouth of the sound in Northumberland Strait. Because of its sheltered position, its bays and harbours are considered "safe haven" for yachts in the event of major storms. Geography Extending east to west and north to south, this wide and shallow sound is separated from the Northumberland Strait by Malagash Point peninsula on the west and Cape John on the east. Its inland extensions include Tatamagouche Bay to the west-southwest, Barrachois Harbour to the southwest, Brule Harbour to the south and John Bay to the southeast. In total it has an area of and a perimeter of , with a maximum depth of . The mean tidal range is with large tides measuring over The watershed measures and the major streams draining the watershed are the Waugh River and River John. Cultural aspects Surrounding land uses are mostly agricultural and recreational. The Barrachois Harbour Yacht Club is the focus of most recreational boating on the Sound. A Tim Horton Children's Camp is situated on Tatamagouche Bay, while Nelson Memorial Park, a municipal picnic park and floral garden is situated near Tatamagouche and the Rushtons Beach provincial day use park is located in Marshville. The main populated centres are at Tatamagouche on the Waugh River, and River John at the extreme easterly end of the sound. Historically, the area had numerous lobster canneries which were active in the first quarter of the twentieth century. References Bodies of water of Nova Scotia Landforms of Pictou County Landforms of Colchester County

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