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The Connecticut Association of Schools and the Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference (CIAC) is the governing body for secondary school athletics and other interscholastic competition in the state of Connecticut.
Sports offered
Fall
Cross Country
Boys Football
Girls Field Hockey
Soccer
Girls Swimming
Girls Volleyball
Winter
Basketball
Boys Ice hockey
Indoor Track
Boys Swimming
Wrestling
Cheerleading
Spring
Boys Baseball
Girls Softball
Golf
Lacrosse
Tennis
Outdoor Track
Boys Volleyball
Boys Rugby Union
Conferences
Berkshire League
Capitol Region Athletic League
Central Connecticut Conference
Connecticut Technical Conference
Eastern Connecticut Conference
Fairfield County Interscholastic Athletic Conference
Naugatuck Valley League
North Central Connecticut Conference
Shoreline Conference
Southern Connecticut Conference
South West Conference
See also
List of high schools in Connecticut
NFHS
References
The CIAC Story. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
"Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference Handbook 2005-2006." CAS-CIAC. 2005. Connecticut Association of Schools - Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference.
External links
Official website
Sports in Connecticut
Education in Connecticut
High school sports associations in the United States
Sports organizations established in 1921
1921 establishments in Connecticut
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Maynard "Pat" O'Brien (January 12, 1907 – March 16, 1990) was an American football coach. He was the 13th head football coach at Eastern Illinois State College—now known as Eastern Illinois University—in Charleston, Illinois, serving for nine seasons, from 1946 to 1950 and 1952 to 1955, and compiling a record of 27–50–1.
O'Brien Field was named in Maynard O'Brien's honor.
Head coaching record
See also
List of college football head coaches with non-consecutive tenure
References
1907 births
1990 deaths
Eastern Illinois Panthers football coaches
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脑梗脑萎缩的症状与治疗？脑梗指因脑部血液供应障碍，缺血、缺氧所导致的局限性脑组织的缺血性坏死或软化。当今，并不是只有老人才会得脑梗塞脑萎缩症状这个病，在现在这个飞速发展的年代，生理、身体已经远远跟不上节奏了，看着日渐消瘦的身体，不断的患上了疾病，脑梗脑萎缩到底该怎么治疗呢？脑萎缩是指脑组织的体积较正常缩小，是一种影像学表现，常见症状表现为记忆力下降，反应迟钝，认知下降，执行能力、判断能力、解决问题能力、行为改变和精神心理异常。可以是老年人自然老化出现，也可由某些疾病引起。并没有延缓或控制脑萎缩的治疗，一般会针对引起脑萎缩的原发疾病进行相应治疗。脑梗塞脑萎缩症状患者日常生活中很多东西不可以乱吃的，适宜多吃点蔬菜，如：空心菜，小白菜，番茄，豆角等等清淡又对身体调理很好的蔬菜，不宜吃过油腻、辛辣等食物，如：烧烤，火锅等等对病情有危害的。脑梗脑萎缩患者还要加强皮肤、口腔、呼吸道及大小便的护理，注意水电解质的平衡。控制血压，规律生活，适当锻炼。多吃素菜少饮酒素菜和水果含有大量维生素Ｃ。维生素Ｃ可调节胆固醇代谢，防止动脉硬化发展，同时可增加血管的致密性。戒烟、酒。常用植物油、少吃动物脂肪植物油含不饱和脂肪酸，可促进血清胆固醇降低；而动物脂肪如猪油、奶油、肥肉、动物内脏、蛋黄等含胆固醇较高。饮食清淡不过饱饮食以清淡为宜。综上所述，了解到了脑梗脑萎缩的病症和治疗方法，还需要注意嗜咸饮食，钠会进入血管壁，使其增厚，血压增高。进食量应适当，不宜过饱，否则身体过胖加重心脏负担。蛋白海味不能少饮食中缺乏蛋白质，同样会发生血管硬化。药物治疗也是康复方式之一，药物能改善循环，改善缺血半暗带，挽救脑组织，使脑神经功能缺损减少到最低。
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Tarache geminocula is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Clifford D. Ferris and J. Donald Lafontaine in 2009. It is found in the US states of Arizona and Texas, down to Chihuahua, Mexico.
The length of the forewings is 10–11 mm for males and 10–12 mm for females. Adults are on wing from July to September depending on the location.
External links
Acontiinae
Moths of North America
Moths described in 2009
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睾丸鞘膜积液是什么原因呢？鞘膜积液是指在正常情况下睾丸鞘膜内含有少量液体，其可通过精索内静脉和淋巴系统以恒定的速度吸收，当鞘膜本身或睾丸、附睾等发生病变时，液体的分泌增加或吸收减少，鞘膜囊内积聚的液体超过正常量而形成囊肿者，则称之为鞘膜积液。睾丸鞘膜积液分为原发和继发两种。原发者病因不清，病程缓慢，病理学检查常见鞘膜慢性炎症反应。继发者则伴有原发疾病,如急性者见于睾丸炎，附睾炎，创伤或高热，心衰等全身疾病。慢性者多无明显诱因，有时可见于阴囊慢性损伤或腹股沟区淋巴、静脉切除等局部手术以后，亦可并发于阴囊内某些疾病，如肿瘤、结核、梅毒等。在热带和我国南方血吸虫病也可引起鞘膜积液。婴儿型鞘膜积液与其淋巴系统发育迟缓有关。鞘膜积液的主要症状是阴囊或腹股沟区的囊性肿块。少量积液无不适症状，常在体检中偶然发现;积液较多者常感到阴囊下垂、肿胀、精索牵引痛等;睾丸积液较大时，阴茎回缩至包皮内，情绪低落。小便和性生活。步行和工作也不方便。站立时出现交通积液和大阴囊。躺下后，阴囊抬高，积液逐渐流入腹腔。囊肿缩小或消失。睾丸鞘膜积液是临床上常见疾病，原因主要有以下几种：一、先天性发育异常。先天性发育异常多见于儿童，由于出生后精索鞘状突未闭合，腹腔内的液体会进入睾丸鞘膜腔，引起沙漠积液。二、炎症刺激。附睾炎、外伤等炎症刺激可以引起睾丸鞘膜积液。三、肿瘤。睾丸以及临近器官的肿瘤可以引起睾丸鞘膜积液。四、部分睾丸鞘膜积液没有上述诱因，原因不明。
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彰化縣彰化市平和國民小學，位於臺灣彰化縣彰化市，是一所縣立國民小學，校史可追溯至1941年4月1日於「平和厝」建校（現精誠中學校址），稱為「彰化市旭國民學校富田分校」。
沿革
1941年4月1日於「平和厝」建校（現精誠中學校址），稱為「彰化市旭國民學校富田分校」。1944年4月1日正式成立「彰化市富田國民學校」。1945年（民國三十四年）12月4日第一任校長顏卿堯就職，次年9月校名改稱「彰化市西區平和國民學校」。1947年（民國三十六年）首次遷校，移入富貴里原彰化中學舊校舍，即今中華陸橋南側。1950年（民國三十九年）9月隨縣市行政區域調整，更名為「彰化縣彰化市平和國民學校」。
西安里（現為彰安里）之現有校地則為1958年（民國四十七年）秋開始整地，並配合校門進出開闢中正路，1963年（民國五十二年）4月5日遷入。1968年（民國五十七年）彰安國中成立之初，曾提供部分校地予該校建築校舍。1968年（民國五十七年）8月1日，因國民教育改制，校名改稱「彰化縣彰化市平和國民小學」。1982年（民國七十一年）9月成立舞蹈班。
學校概況
學區
本校分為平和、建和兩校區。平和校區學區包含萬壽、民權、富貴、西安、彰安各里，以及成功里1-9及17-19鄰、中央里3-9及13-15鄰、南瑤里1-12、20-28及30~34鄰。福安里則為彈性學區；建和校區學區則包括平和、崙平二里，以及西興里1-11鄰。
特色課程
該校因校園位於彰化市緊鄰臺鐵西部幹線處，於是將「TRAIN（全）人發展」訂為發展特色。
校園環境
校內閒置蝴蝶園空間，便建置「平和TRAIN美的記憶站」涼亭，做為學生開放探索空間。
參見
彰化市
參考資料
1941年建立的教育機構
彰化市學校
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The Southern Mail is a local newspaper from the South Peninsula region of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
References
Weekly newspapers published in South Africa
Mass media in Cape Town
Publications with year of establishment missing
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48岁不排卵是什么原因？对于48岁的女性一般来说，每一次月经来潮都标志着卵巢排出一个成熟的卵子。但实际上，有的妇女虽有月经，却不能排卵，医学上称为无排卵性月经。不排卵，当然就不能受孕。排卵是女性受孕的一个重要因素，由此可见规律的排卵对于急于怀孕的备孕期女性来说是多么重要。那么，为什么有些女性会出现不排卵的现象呢？不排卵只是个症状，在临床上可以由很多原因导致，如多囊卵巢综合症，低促性腺功能减退以及卵巢早衰等，内分泌紊乱是女性不排卵的一个常见原因。排卵障碍最为常见的症状便是排卵时觉得腰酸、下腹轻微疼痛，但出现这些感觉并不一定说明有排卵，因为不少疾病也可表现腰酸、腹痛。有少数人在两次月经中间会有少量的阴道流血，比月经量少，此即“排卵期出血”，应进行治疗。大部分人到了排卵期白带会明显增多，变得象蛋清一样透明，可以拉长为丝状，如果没有阴痒、黏腻等不适感，不必感到惊慌。首先要检查人体的基础体温。如果是无排卵，则为单相，有排卵则为双相。体态、体形、嗓音、毛发、乳房发育等第二性征的情况，可初步推断排卵障碍的原因同时，要检查阴道的脱落细胞。阴道上1/3的上皮细胞对性激素变化敏感，在月经周期中也有周期性变化。如果月经后半期检测阴道脱落细胞仍为雌激素影响的角化细胞多，而无周期性变化，表示无排卵。排卵障碍患者日常要注意饮食。富含咖啡因的饮料，如咖啡、浓茶、可乐等对不孕的影响虽然尚未有一致的结论，但一般建议不宜过量。另外，吸烟、饮酒，不论男女都会影响生育力，希望要孩子时应该戒掉，在饮食上避免摄入太多的高热量食物。同时要注意少食油炸煎炒、辛辣香燥助火之品，避免荤腥油腻、过甜食品，避免用脑过度、劳累及情绪波动等。
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喬納森·辛克萊 （；），是英國的外交官，自2014年擔任前與。
他在1996年國際關係、媒體和旅遊碩士後加入英國外交及聯邦事務部，之前曾在印度、美國和倫敦工。2002年至2004年期間，辛克萊還是外交及聯邦事務大臣施仲宏的私人秘書。
參考資料
英国外交官
皮特凱恩群島政治人物
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宝宝第一次辅食详细表是什么？小宝宝到了一定阶段就需要吃辅食了，但是万事开头难，新手妈妈对辅食还是不了解，包括怎么做，如何吃。所以更需要学习一下的。那么宝宝第一次辅食详细表是什么呢？下面就让我们一起来了解一下吧。一、宝宝辅食添加表1、处于4-6个月大小的宝宝，其辅食最好以小米汤、婴幼儿米粉为主。其软硬度最好是稀糊状，每天喂食时一次喂食一小勺即可，口味以清淡、多汁为佳。2、6-7个月宝宝的辅食里除了米粉，还可以加入一些彩泥、鱼泥、水果泥、豆浆等。软硬程度也最好以稠糊状最佳，每天每次喂食两小勺即可，可为也最好以清淡多汁为主。3、对于7-9个月大的宝宝，可以用来作为辅食的材料很多，比如烂面条、蛋羹、肝泥、肉末、豆腐、面包片、馒头片等。这时候辅食的软硬程度可以像豆腐一样，每天两次，每次喂食一两勺即可，可以同样以清淡多汁最佳。4、对于9-11个月大的宝宝，其可用来作为辅食的品种有碎菜、全蛋、小块肉类等等，软硬程度可以似香蕉，口味以清淡、无盐、少油最佳。二、第一次吃辅食注意事项1、第一次吃辅食，需要注意的是辅食的食物。第一次添加辅食首选应该是米粉，因为米粉很好消化，而且也不易引起过敏。2、第一次添加辅食的宝宝，切记不要添加食盐，因为刚添加辅食的宝宝，年纪都还很小，肾脏发育还不健全，没有办法消耗掉过多的食盐。3、给宝宝添加辅食后，一定要观察宝宝的情况，如果出现过敏、呕吐的情况，就应该立即换一种辅食，避免对宝宝造成影响。4、宝宝因为是第一次吃辅食，进食可能会比较慢，这个时候一定不能催宝宝，避免宝宝出现厌食的情况。三、第一次吃辅食吃什么好1、米粉：米粉是第一次添加辅食的首选，因为米粉的特质，是对宝宝来说最容易吸收的，而且还不容易造成宝宝过敏。2、蛋黄粉：鸡蛋含有很高的营养价值，所以给来宝宝做辅食是很好的。煮熟的蛋黄很容易粘住喉咙，所以需要用温水把蛋黄调成糊状，只有这样才能让宝宝顺利的进食，吸收蛋黄的营养。除了以上两种食物外，第一次添加辅食还可以用当季的水果，做成果泥给宝宝吃；也可以吃一些半流质淀粉食物，促进宝宝消化酶的分泌。以上就是针对宝宝第一次辅食详细表是什么这一问题的解答，希望对大家有所帮助。
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心肌桥的并发症？有心绞痛、少心肌梗死等并发症。运动后偶有心律失常和猝死的报道。
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Corbu is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Burdulești, Buzești, Ciurești, Corbu and Milcoveni.
In 2011, the population of Corbu commune was 2,458 inhabitants. 83.93% of the inhabitants are Romanians, and 12.94% of population belongs to Roma. The majority of inhabitants are Orthodox (96.75%).
References
Communes in Olt County
Localities in Muntenia
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小朋友头痛想吐怎么回事？头痛是指头部的痛觉感受器受到物理因素和生物因素的刺激引起的一种症状，临床非常常见。而恶心甚至呕吐，大多数时候只是头晕头痛的一个伴随症状而已，出现这种情况，父母们要尽快搞清楚是怎么回事，这样才能及时的进行治疗。小孩头疼想吐多见于年龄较大，三岁以上的孩子，对于这一年龄群的孩子，头疼伴有呕吐需要考虑三个方面因素：第一，中枢神经系统的感染性疾病，比如病毒性脑炎、细菌性脑膜炎等。第二，上呼吸道感染性疾病，比如鼻窦炎等。第三，颅内占位性疾病，比如颅内肿瘤、出血等。头痛想吐会使小孩子感到特别难受，所以应该积极地进行预防，避免这种状况的出现：1、保暖，部分人的头痛想吐是由寒冷诱发的，保暖就成为了很重要的一环，特别是对于头部的保暖。如果冬天，或者刮风的天气外出，尽量戴上帽子，保持头部的温度。2、劳逸结合，如果出现头痛呕吐了，应该放松自己，减少精神紧张而引起头痛，避免过度劳累的产生，同时还要维持规律的作息，睡眠也要有规律，保证准时睡觉，保证不熬夜等。3、眼睛休息，我们现代人的生活当中，总是离不开电子产品，也不是非得离开，但是要进行合理的使用安排，使用一段时间，就应该让眼睛得到休息，避免长期使用电磁辐射而导致眼睛的疲劳，进一步导致头痛恶心的发作。4、父母要提醒孩子保持心情舒畅，切勿恼怒、急躁，即恼火。5、多参加户外活动，调节情况转移视线，禁忌吃辛辣刺激性食物，多吃一些新鲜的蔬菜和水果，均衡营养。
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未婚白带常规检查疼吗？做白带检查首先要进行样本采集，女生都比较害怕，其实很简单的。患者躺在床上，医生把宫颈扩大，要里面取一点分泌物就可以了，它不需要做手术，因此也不会引起任何疼痛的感觉，不用担心的。白带检查有五项指标要化验，都是必须的，这样才可以判断病因，费用是几十元左右。应该注意的是，检查前最好不要在阴道内用药物，也不要吃刺激性食物。通常白带常规检查项目结果为白带常规检查报告单，报告单上面包括了检查的五个方面的信息。一是阴道清洁度，可以分为四度，Ⅰ～Ⅱ度为正常情况，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度为异常白带，表示患者出现炎症了。二是霉菌和滴虫存在情况，如果报告单上这一项有“+”的符号或者显示为阳性，那么患者就已经感染了霉菌或滴虫，但是并不能说明感染的严重情况。三是pH值，正常情况下，因为阴道具有自净作用，健康女性的pH值应该在4.5左右，但是如果报告上的pH值上升了，超过了5，那么患者可能有患有滴虫性或者细菌性阴道炎症了。最后是线索细胞和胺试验的情况，如果线索细胞存在或者为阳性，同时胺试验也为阳性，那么患者就得了细菌性阴道病；如果结果为阴性，那就是健康的情况了。既然白带是能够反应女性身体健康的一个重要的标志，女性朋友应该定期进行检查，那白带常规检查的最佳时间是什么时候呢？理论上只要不是月经期间，女性都可以去进行白带常规检查，但是由于月经期间宫颈张开，不太适合符合检查，所以医生建议，白带常规检查最好是在月经结束以后的3~7天进行，这样做的话，检查结果会相对比较准确，而且也可以使检查对身体的损伤降到最小。女性朋友应该时刻留意自己的身体状况，最好每年定期去医院进行白带常规检查，发现白带有异常的时候，更应及时到医院做检查，这样才能使家庭更加和睦美满。
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The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, commonly known as Diplomatic Security (DS), is the security branch of the United States Department of State. It conducts international investigations, threat analysis, cyber security, counterterrorism, and protection of people, property, and information. Its mission is to provide a safe and secure environment for officials to execute the foreign policy of the United States.
Overview
The Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) is the political face and parent organization of the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS). The DSS consists of over 2,000 Special Agents who are responsible for protecting visiting foreign dignitaries and U.S. diplomatic missions abroad. The DSS is the primary conduit utilized by the Bureau of Diplomatic Security and the Department of State for the majority of all security and law enforcement matters. Both acronyms (DS and DSS) are used interchangeably within the State Department and other agencies.
The Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security is in charge of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Under the Assistant Secretary of State are several Deputy Assistant Secretaries; the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary is the Director for the Diplomatic Security Service. The Director for the DSS is the top-ranking, active special agent in the DSS and leads a force of Special Agents, Diplomatic Couriers, Security Engineering Officers, and Security Technical Specialists. Special Agents are sometimes referred to as "DS Agents" or "DSS Agents". Both terms are used interchangeably within the organization and other agencies.
For people who do not work for the Department of State (DOS), there is much confusion about the relationship between DS and DSS. Even within the Department of State, there is still some confusion regarding the difference between the two entities. The DSS is structured as a law enforcement agency that is primarily made up of federal special agents, and the DSS acts as the operational division of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security.
Overseas, DS develops and implements security programs to safeguard all personnel who work in every U.S. diplomatic mission around the world and to protect classified information at these locations. The DS presence overseas is led at each post (embassy) by a DSS Special Agent who is referred to as a Regional Security Officer, or more commonly as the RSO, and who serves as the senior law enforcement and security attaché. In the United States, DS protects the Secretary of State, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, and foreign dignitaries/diplomats who visit the United States. DS has protected Yasser Arafat, the Dalai Lama, and Prince Charles. The agency develops and implements security programs to protect the more than 100 domestic State Department facilities as well as the residence of the Secretary of State.
In addition to investigating crimes involving passport and visa fraud, DSS agents are engaged in other types of investigation. In cooperation with appropriate U.S. agencies such as the FBI and the CIA, DSS investigates the activities of foreign intelligence agencies directed against Department employees. At the request of other law enforcement agencies, DSS assists in apprehending fugitives who have fled the United States. Personnel security background investigations are conducted on all employees, applicants, and contractors seeking employment with the Department. Intelligence investigations look into terrorist incidents and threats made against State Department employees and facilities throughout the world.
Since 1984, DS has administered the Rewards for Justice Program, which pays monetary rewards of up to $5 million, or in recent years even more, upon special authorization by the Secretary of State, to individuals who provide information which substantially leads to the countering of terrorist attacks against United States persons. Through 2001, $62 million had been paid to over forty people in this effort.
History
Bureau of Secret Intelligence
The Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service was formally established in 1916 under Secretary of State Robert Lansing. The office was headed by a chief special agent, who also carried the title of special assistant to the secretary and reported directly to the secretary on special matters.
A handful of agents worked out of two locations, Washington, D.C., and New York City, operating on confidential funds from the secretary's office. They conducted sensitive investigations, especially on the operations of foreign agents and their activities in the United States. The Diplomatic Security Service was known as the Bureau of Secret Intelligence at its inception in 1916. The Bureau of Secret Intelligence was also known as U-1, an off-the-books adjunct to the Division of Information. Before the United States entered World War I, German and Austrian spies were conducting operations in New York City. The spies were using forged or stolen identity papers. President Woodrow Wilson authorized the Secretary of State to establish a security arm of the Department of State. Three agents were recruited from the United States Secret Service because of their experience with counterfeit documents. Since the U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) had the best laboratory, the director of the new agency was recruited there.
The assumption is that the name "Office of the Chief Special Agent", which was sometimes used in 1916, and to this day by various information portals to include the Department of State's website, to downplay the bureau's original mission.
In 1918, the United States Congress passed legislation requiring passports for Americans traveling abroad and visas for aliens wishing to enter the United States. Shortly thereafter, the Chief Special Agent's office began investigating passport and visa fraud. Special agents also protected distinguished visitors to the United States.
During World War I, the Chief Special Agent's office was given the responsibility for interning and exchanging diplomatic officials of enemy powers and assisting in screening people repatriated from enemy-controlled areas.
The Chief Special Agent began reporting his normal activities to the Assistant Secretary for Administration. However, he still retained his title of Special Assistant to the Secretary and reported directly to the Secretary on sensitive matters.
With the help of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS), security at State expanded and increased the depth of personnel investigations. The Chief Special Agent's office was used not only for security work within the State Department but also in several aspects of immigration control and in the control of crime on the high seas.
In the 1930s, it became clear that there were major passport fraud activities worldwide involving both Communists and Nazis. The Chief Special Agent's office, working as the investigative and identification arm of the Passport Office, successfully exposed several of these subversive operations.
Office of Security (S.Y.)
With the coming of World War II in the minds of the political leaders of America, they decided it was time to develop a separate branch of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security. This new branch would be referred to as the Office of Security, or simply the S.Y. One major addition to the Bureau of Diplomatic Society stemming from the addition of the Office of Security was the development of security staffs on a regional level. The Office of Security was also responsible for starting the use of overseas agents carrying out various tasks to protect the security of the United States.
As the threat of terrorist acts against America grew, the SY expanded its role as a part of the United States Department of State.
World War II
In many of these cases, the passport aspect was incidental to a much larger problem - Soviet and German espionage networks. Investigation of passport fraud in New York City led to the discovery of a Soviet intelligence network that, in turn, revealed a number of Soviet agents and American Communist Party members engaged in espionage activities. Although a back-door approach, these investigations succeeded in exposing for the first time the existence of such Soviet operations.
With the outbreak of World War II, the office expanded again to manage interning and exchanging diplomatic officials of enemy powers and screening Americans, or those claiming American citizenship, after they were forced to leave occupied territories.
After the war, Secretary of State Edward Stettinius undertook a complete reorganization of the Department that directly affected the Chief Special Agent's office. The Secretary requested the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) review and make recommendations on physical and personnel security. One important result of that report was the separation of security functions in the Department.
A new security office was set up, separate from the Chief Special Agent's office. This new Office of Security (SY) had a program of regional security staffs in the United States and, for the first time, security officers at missions overseas. Later, security functions were merged and, in 1948, Foreign Correlations (an intelligence service) was incorporated into the office, bringing in that aspect of security. Also in that year, the Marine Security Guard Program was inaugurated at U.S. embassies.
The Cold War
The discovery of a listening device in the Great Seal at the U.S. embassy in Moscow, known as The Thing, was the catalyst for developing countermeasures technology. By the end of the 1950s, hundreds of listening devices planted by foreign intelligence services were found in U.S. embassies. Also during this decade, a special assignments staff was created to investigate possible misconduct and contact with foreign intelligence services by State Department personnel. This staff worked closely with Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and FBI Counterintelligence. Reacting to the crisis in electronic surveillance, SY upgraded its technical security program and began hiring engineers. The assignment of Seabee teams to search for listening devices at the U.S. embassies in Moscow and Warsaw led to the Seabee program within the Department.
SY assumed responsibility for the security of Department of State domestic facilities, which included information security, building passes, and the physical security of Department of State facilities.
Beginning in the late 1960s, several ambassadors and Department officials were kidnapped or assassinated. These actions highlighted the possible exploitation of U.S. diplomats for political purposes. To meet this new threat, SY increased its protective capabilities.
The rages of terrorism continued, creating a new and increasingly dangerous threat to U.S. citizens and missions abroad, as well as to distinguished visitors to the United States. SY responded to the emerging threat by hiring over a hundred new agents and purchasing vehicles, radios, and other support equipment.
SY published handbooks on terrorism and provided advice for overseas personnel on traveling safely to and from work and how to make their homes safer. SY began to survey U.S. embassies for vulnerability to attack. Security officers received more intensive training and learned new skills, like defensive driving.
In 1961, according to at least one source, Otto Otepka, then the Director of SY, brought to the attention of the United States Senate Internal Security Subcommittee deficiencies in the State Department clearance process. The allegations were traced all the way up to then-United States Secretary of State Dean Rusk. Despite multiple awards, appeals from multiple U.S. Senators, and despite having maintained his integrity by not backing down, Secretary Rusk removed Otepka from his position and ultimately fired him.
Today, the Diplomatic Security Counterintelligence Directorate conducts a robust counterintelligence program designed to deter, detect, and neutralize the efforts of foreign intelligence services targeting Department of State personnel, facilities, and diplomatic missions worldwide.
The counterintelligence division conducts aggressive counterintelligence inquires and counterespionage investigations with other U.S. Government agencies. All counterespionage investigations are conducted in close coordination with the FBI in accordance with their statutory mandate to prosecute instances or allegations of suspected espionage. The division conducts numerous counterintelligence and security awareness training programs for all U.S. Government personnel requesting or having access to sensitive Department of State facilities and information. All training programs enhance the understanding of both foreign intelligence and espionage threats and countermeasures, and educate employees on the foreign intelligence environment.
In addition, the office relies on a cadre of security engineers to deter, detect, and neutralize attempts by foreign intelligence services to technically penetrate Department of State office buildings and residences. These efforts range from detecting a simple listening device in the wall to countering the most sophisticated electronic eavesdropping devices and systems.
Bureau of Diplomatic Security and Diplomatic Security Service
The intensity of terrorist attacks against Americans increased. In the period between 1979 and 1983, there were over 300 attacks; in 1984 alone, there were over 100 attacks. In 1984, Secretary of State George Shultz formed an advisory panel to study make recommendations on minimizing the probability of terrorist attacks on U.S. citizens and facilities.
Headed by retired Admiral Bobby Inman, this commission was known as the Advisory Panel on Overseas Security, or the Inman Panel. The panel examined the Department's security programs and, in a report published in June 1985, made its recommendations to the Secretary.
On November 4, 1985, the U.S. Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) and the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) were officially established. Today the Bureau of Diplomatic Security has approximately 34,000 employees; 1,800 of whom are the Federal Agents within the Diplomatic Security Service.
The Inman Panel's recommendations received strong support from Congress, and on August 27, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed H.R. 4151, the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986, which codified the recommendations of the Inman panel. The new Bureau had a clearly defined mandate outlined in legislation and structured along the lines of other Federal law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies.
The Diplomatic Courier Service joined the new Bureau at this time. Couriers no longer hand-carried pouches of communications but protected vast amounts of supplies, equipment, and construction materials bound for sensitive overseas posts.
By the end of the 1980s, DS began sharing information with the American business community operating abroad, through the Overseas Security Advisory Council, which itself expanded to include all members of the U.S. private sector, including non-governmental organizations, religious groups, academic organizations, and associations. Also, the Bureau expanded to provide state-of-the-art security to the Department's communications and information systems.
The security improvements developed and implemented during the 1980s helped Americans withstand the heightened threat in the next decade.
The DS Rewards for Justice Program was initiated in 1992. Since then, more than $49 million has been paid for information that prevented or resolved acts of international terrorism against Americans. Information received through this program has resulted in the capture of several terrorists, including Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Although the FBI received the credit, DSS agents actually found and arrested Yousef, the architect of the bombing. Special Agents Bill Miller and Jeff Riner were given a tip by an associate of Ramzi Yousef about his location. They contacted local officials and arrested Yousef.
DS continues to conduct criminal and personnel security investigations critical to the protection of American borders and the national security of the United States. Special agents investigate more than 3,500 passport and visa fraud violations each year. DS receives about 3,000 requests for overseas investigative assistance from U.S. law enforcement agencies annually and has achieved notable success in locating and apprehending wanted fugitives who have fled the United States .
DS also provides protective services to distinguished dignitaries visiting the United States, as well as 24-hour protection to the Secretary of State.
"War on Terror"
Following the August 7, 1998, terrorist bombings of the U.S. embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, the State Department declared the protection of American personnel and facilities overseas a top priority. Congress passed a $1.4 billion Emergency Embassy Security Supplemental (of which DS received about $588 million) enabling the Bureau of make significant improvements at every U.S. diplomatic mission overseas. Since the bombings, the State Department has spent billions of dollars to improve systems and facilities and increase security staffing to protect personnel and dependents around the world.
As overseas security requirements increased, so did the demands on the Diplomatic Courier Service. Couriers now transport more than 115,000 classified and sensitive materials overseas every year.
Security engineering officers (SEOs) continue to design and manage security equipment programs at all posts, which are vital to the protection of our people and facilities abroad. SEOs also work to detect and prevent the loss of sensitive information from technical espionage, a continuing challenge in light of rapidly changing technology in detection equipment, computer systems, intrusion detection systems, and access control equipment.
While focused on improving security at U.S. missions abroad, several highly publicized incidents at the State Department firmly emphasized the need to strengthen domestic security as well. In addition to taking additional security measures at the State Department, the Assistant Secretary for DS convened a panel of security experts from the FBI, CIA, Department of Defense, U.S. Secret Service, and DS to review all domestic security policies, programs, and procedures. The panel made recommendations concerning access control, physical and technical security, security awareness for employees, restriction of traffic around the building, creation of a chemical/biological program, and additional resources for security. The majority of these recommendations were implemented. The Department continues its efforts to enhance its domestic security program.
Since the September 11 attacks in 2001, DS has played an active role in the global "war on terrorism". With more than 480 special agents assigned to diplomatic missions in 157 countries, DS is the most widely represented American security and law enforcement organization around the world.
The Antiterrorism Assistance Program, provides terrorism-focused police training to civilian security personnel from friendly governments. More than 31,000 students from 127 countries have received ATA training in the last 20 years. These students return to their countries better prepared to fight terrorism and protect Americans overseas during a crisis. In 2017, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported on weaknesses in Antiterrorism Assistance (ATA) program data and oversight of participants, including those trained in the United States.
Investigations
DSS investigations, carried out by numerous Field Offices and Resident Agent offices throughout the U.S, and by RSOs overseas, focus mainly on passport or visa fraud. DSS Special Agents also investigate such cases as international parental kidnapping, violations of the Protect Act, assaults on federally protected persons, fugitive arrests overseas (with host nation assistance), Counterterrorism and Counterintelligence (CI) investigations. If there is a nexus to diplomatic activities, the U.S. Foreign Service, or terrorism, DSS is typically involved.
Passport and visa fraud
It is a felony to apply or assist someone in applying for a U.S. passport or visa when they are not entitled to one. Usually this means an alien in the United States trying to establish a false identity or stealing the identity from an American, often one who has died. Sometimes Americans, including Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) are the target of DSS investigations, such as an FSO selling visas for personal gain. DSS also investigates other alleged improper or illegal behavior by Department of State personnel, to include incidents of espionage. Such cases would involve other agencies such as the Department of Justice. Overseas, DSS must take the role of local and state law enforcement when investigating issues such as spousal or child abuse by U.S. government personnel assigned to the embassy. This is because the host country will not investigate or prosecute diplomats, who are considered to have immunity from their laws. DSS also conducts tens of thousands of background investigations per year - not just for the Department of State, but also for other federal agencies.
In recent years, DSS has expanded its overseas investigations program with A/RSO-I's (Assistant Regional Security Officer-Investigators) also known as "Overseas Criminal Investigators". These agents are given special training in consular functions, and are commissioned consular officers. However, they spend a large amount of their time working with the fraud units in consular sections, investigating visa and passport fraud, alien smuggling and human trafficking, although they have responsibilities outside of their respective Consular assignments for mission security. They work closely with host country law enforcement agencies, and have recently been instrumental in dismantling several large alien smuggling rings. Where there exists an identifiable nexus to the United States, DSS coordinates their alien smuggling investigations with the resident or regional Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) attache.
Counterintelligence
The Diplomatic Security Service Office of Investigations and Counterintelligence (DS/ICI/CI) conducts a robust counterintelligence program designed to deter, detect, and neutralize the efforts of foreign intelligence services targeting Department of State personnel, facilities, and diplomatic missions worldwide.
The office's counterintelligence division conducts aggressive counterintelligence inquires and counterespionage investigations with other U.S. Government agencies. Counterespionage investigations are conducted in close coordination with the FBI in accordance with their legal mandates.
The division conducts numerous counterintelligence and security awareness training programs for all U.S. Government personnel requesting or having access to sensitive Department of State facilities and information. All training programs enhance the understanding of both foreign intelligence and espionage threats and countermeasures, and educate employees on the foreign intelligence environment.
In addition, the office relies on a cadre of security engineers to deter, detect, and neutralize attempts by foreign intelligence services to technically penetrate U.S. office buildings and residences. These efforts range from detecting a simple listening device in the wall to countering the most sophisticated electronic eavesdropping devices and systems.
On June 4, 2009, the DSS and the FBI arrested former Department of State employee Walter Kendall Myers on charges of serving as an illegal agent of the Cuban government for nearly 30 years and conspiring to provide classified U.S. information to the Cuban government. Mr. Myers’ arrest is the culmination of a three-year joint DSS/FBI investigation.
Counterterrorism
The Diplomatic Security Service maintains agents in dozens of Joint Terrorism Task Force operations around the country. The Office of Protective Intelligence and Investigations in the Threat Intelligence and Analysis division has DSS Special Agents who travel all over the world investigating threats to the Secretary of State and U.S. embassies and consulates. DSS Special Agents on the New York JTTF provided critical information in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 and DSS Agents assigned as Regional Security Officers around the world tracked down leads for the FBI and other federal agencies. Any time there is a threat or an attack against a U.S. embassy or consulate, DSS Special Agents are the first on the scene to investigate.
Robert A. Hartung, Assistant Director, of Diplomatic Security's Threat Investigations and Analysis Directorate, announced on September 2, 2010 that the U.S. Department of State’s Rewards for Justice (RFJ) program is offering rewards of up to $5 million each for information that leads law enforcement or security forces to Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali ur Rehman.
Other investigations
The Diplomatic Security Service investigates crimes against State Department personnel and other U.S. Government personnel and families assigned under Chief of Mission authority at a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad. DSS Special Agents have investigated thefts, assaults, rapes, and murders, among other charges, around the world. Unlike investigations conducted in the United States by other federal agencies, DSS Agents have to work jointly with their foreign counterparts in often hostile areas of the world.
On January 28, 2009, a news story broke about a CIA station chief in Algiers, Algeria who was under investigation by DSS for having allegedly raped two Muslim women.
Fugitives
Because the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service is one of the most widely represented law enforcement organizations in the world, its capability to track and capture fugitives who have fled U.S. jurisdiction to avoid prosecution is often considered unmatched. During 2009, DSS assisted in the resolution of 136 international fugitive cases from around the globe.
In 1995, DSS Special Agents Jeff Riner and Bill Miller, the RSOs assigned to the U.S. embassy in Pakistan, were present with Pakistani police and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) when they arrested Ahmed Ramzi Yousef, who was wanted in connection with the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City. Despite FBI press releases, it was not the FBI who captured Yousef but the ISI and DSS.
DSS Special Agents located and returned Jared Ravin Yaffe from Brazil. Yaffe, wanted in California for multiple counts of alleged child sexual assault, kidnapping, and unlawful flight to avoid prosecution, was returned to the United States on May 12, 2009, to face trial. On February 11, 2009, the United States District Court, Southern District of California issued a federal arrest warrant for Yaffe for unlawful flight to avoid prosecution. Yaffe was profiled on the television show America's Most Wanted on April 11, 2009.
On September 19, 2009, Special Agents from the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) located Derrick Yancey, a former Deputy Sheriff from DeKalb County Georgia, in Punta Gorda, Belize. Yancey was wanted in Georgia for double murder of his wife Linda Yancey and a day laborer.
Upon arrival at a local bar, at 6:05 PM local time, a DSS agent tapped on Yancey's shoulder and told him "It is time to go." Belize authorities then arrested Yancey. Yancey was featured on America's Most Wanted.
On November 23, 2009, DSS Special Agents from the U.S. embassy’s Regional Security Office (RSO) worked closely with the U.S. Marshals Service, Guatemalan National Police, and INTERPOL to locate alleged murder suspect 24-year-old Ariel Beau Patrick, who was taken into custody in Guatemala. Ariel Patrick was featured on America's Most Wanted.
AMW - America's Most Wanted featured the capture of Robert Snyder in Belize - DSS Special Agent (RSO) Rob Kelty interviewed by John Walsh - Segment aired on February 27, 2010 on AMW.
On April 26, 2010, after failing to check in with pretrial services within two days of his April 21 hearing on his bond status, Andrew Warren, 42, was apprehended by a combined team of Norfolk Police Department Fugitive Investigators, DSS Special Agents and U.S. Marshals. Judge Ellen S. Huvelle of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia issued a bench warrant for the arrest of the former CIA officer.
On July 30, 2010, special agents from the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) located fugitive George Alvin Viste in Peru. Viste is wanted in Clark County, Washington on seven different criminal charges including the rape of a child, child molestation, and incest. "Diplomatic Security’s Regional Security Office in Lima worked closely with the U.S. Marshals Service and our law enforcement counterparts in Peru to locate Viste,” said Jeffrey W. Culver, Director of the Diplomatic Security Service."
On October 8, 2010, Special Agents from the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) located Dario Sarimiento Tomas in Pampanga, Philippines. DSS worked with Philippine officials to apprehend Tomas, who is wanted in South Korea on charges that he defrauded an individual there of more than $200,000. Tomas was arrested by law enforcement officials from the Philippine National Bureau of Investigations and National Police. Tomas was assigned to the U.S. embassy in Seoul as a Customs and Border Protection Officer.
On January 12, 2011, Special agents from the U.S. Department of State's Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) have located and helped return California fugitive John Pope from Mexico. Pope, formerly of San Francisco, was taken into custody by Mexican authorities in La Paz, Mexico on January 12 and returned to the United States on January 18, 2011 to face trial. John Pope has been wanted by the San Francisco District Attorney's Office since October 20, 1998, in connection with allegations of fraud concerning embezzlement of $1,000,000 from the estate of a deceased San Francisco businessman.
February 3, 2011 - Paul Eischeid, a fugitive, and member of the Hells Angels who had eluded U.S. Marshals for nearly eight years—is finally in handcuffs. U.S. Marshals tell AMW that the accused murderer was taken down in Buenos Aires on Feb. 3, 2011. Authorities say an Interpol Red Notice, as well as investigations by the U.S. Marshals Service and the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service in Argentina led to the elusive fugitive's capture.
Budget
The fiscal 2019 budget plan saw an 11% cut to overall diplomatic security in fiscal year 2020, with 18% specifically cut from embassy security, construction, and maintenance.
Assistant Secretaries of State for Diplomatic Security
The head of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) is the Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security. Assistant Secretaries within the State Department are allowed to use the title of Ambassador. For the heads of the DS predecessor (SY) see the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) page.
Robert E. Lamb (1985–1989), Foreign Service Officer, was Assistant Secretary of State for Administration and Security from 1983–1987, and then became the Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security when the position was formally established.
Sheldon Krys (1989–1991), Foreign Service Officer, was also concurrently the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Information Management.
Anthony Cecil Eden Quainton (1992–1995), Foreign Service Officer, attempted to transfer the Bureau over to the Department of Justice
Eric J. Boswell (1996–1998), Foreign Service Officer. Was first the Director of the Office of Foreign Missions, then brought on to concurrently be the DS Assistant Secretary.
David Carpenter (1998–2002), a former Secret Service Agent, was the first Assistant Secretary with law enforcement credentials.
Francis X. Taylor (2002–2005), Brigadier General and former head of the Air Force's Office of Special Investigations.
Richard J. Griffin (2005–2007), a former Secret Service Agent and former Inspector General of the Veteran's Administration.
Gregory B. Starr (2007–2008), Acting Assistant Secretary, a Diplomatic Security Special Agent and Director of the Diplomatic Security Service.
Eric J. Boswell (2008–2012), Foreign Service Officer, was reappointed July 7, 2008, resigned December 19, 2012.
Gregory B. Starr (2013-2017) Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security and Director of the Diplomatic Security Service. Starr was reappointed February 1, 2013 as the DSS Director. On July 31, 2013, President Obama announced that he was formally nominating Mr. Starr for Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Diplomatic Security.
Michael Evanoff (2017-July 2020) Sworn in on November 3, 2017
Todd J. Brown, acting (July 2020-August 2021)
Gentry O. Smith (August 12, 2021 to present), a former DS special agent who previously served as director of the State Department Office of Foreign Missions, where he held the rank of Ambassador.
Overseas Security Advisory Council
The Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC), an office within the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Directorate of Threat Investigations and Analysis (DS/TIA), was created in 1985 under the Federal Advisory Committee Act to promote security cooperation between American private sector interests worldwide and the U.S. Department of State. It started as a way for major U.S. corporations to receive pertinent security information direct from the government, but has since expanded to include much smaller organizations. Today, over 4,500 U.S. companies, educational institutions, faith-based institutions, and non-governmental organizations are OSAC constituents. Any private-sector organization incorporated in the United States is eligible to join, and constituency is offered free of charge.
OSAC, through its staff of foreign service, civil service, and government contract professionals in the Research and Information Support Center (RISC), provides a forum for sharing best practices, provides the tools needed to cope with security-related challenges and issues abroad, and provides analytical reporting on trends, incidents, and events affecting the private sector, including public annual Crime & Safety Reports with information for private-sector security managers to use when making decisions affecting their organizations. OSAC's reports also include ratings for every location where the United States has a diplomatic facility. However, these are Department of State ratings that speak to the threat against official U.S. Government interests in specific cities; they are not created by OSAC, and are neither countrywide threat ratings nor ratings evaluating the threat to private U.S. travelers.
Private-sector member organizations are selected from its constituency to serve for two to six-year terms on the OSAC Council. Representatives of the member organizations meet quarterly to tackle specific projects, such as the protection of business information and mitigating the effects from transnational crime. The OSAC Council is chaired by the Director of the Diplomatic Security Service and co-chaired by a selected representative of the private sector; currently, the private-sector co-chair represents the Raytheon Company.
OSAC maintains a public website at www.osac.gov. The office was established under authority of the Secretary of State pursuant to 22 U.S.C. § 2656 and in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), as amended, 5 U.S.C. App., and its regulations, 41 C.F.R. Part 102-3.
According to 2017 reports, at least the following countries have a critical security rating: Argentina, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Peru, high security rating include Albania, medium security reports includes Bolivia among others and 2017 low security report rating includes Canada, Montenegro and Spain among others.
Personnel
Special Agents of the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service - DSS are sworn Federal law enforcement agents who are responsible for the security of Foreign Service personnel, property and sensitive information throughout the world. Although the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) is an organization within the Bureau of Diplomatic Security, it is the primary conduit utilized by the Bureau of Diplomatic Security for the majority of all law enforcement and security matters. The DSS is the federal law enforcement branch of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security. DSS Special Agents are responsible for the protection of the Secretary of State, certain foreign dignitaries during their visits to the U.S., and others as designated by the Secretary of State. Major activities include protective services, management of security programs for Foreign Service posts, criminal investigations, and background investigations, in addition to administrative, training, and liaison functions.
Security Engineering Officers (SEO) are responsible for managing the Department's technical and information security programs, projects, and resources throughout the world. SEOs protect personnel, facilities, and sensitive information against espionage, terrorism, and crime. These highly skilled engineers develop, maintain, and install electrical and mechanical systems such as access and perimeter controls, closed-circuit television, alarms, locks, and x-ray and bomb detection equipment. Engineers plan and conduct technical surveillance inspections to detect and nullify clandestine intrusions. They test new technical equipment and develop new techniques, strategies, and procedures for finding hidden intelligence-gathering devices. SEOs continually are challenged to identify security risks, analyze those risks, and develop systems to ensure the integrity of Department of State computers and worldwide network information systems. U.S. Navy Seabees and a cadre of specially trained Security Technical Specialists (STS) assist SEOs with the maintenance and repair of our security systems. Domestically SEO's manage, plan, and provide engineering support to worldwide technical security programs and to the Secretary of State and visiting dignitaries. Overseas SEO's manage Engineering Service Centers (ESC) and Engineering Service Offices (ESO), which provide technical security to one or multiple posts under the management of Regional Security Officers (RSO).
Security Technical Specialists (STS) are support personnel within the Bureau of Diplomatic Security who assist in worldwide technical security programs. These programs provide protection for Department of State facilities and personnel from technical espionage, acts of terrorism, and crime. In this protection effort, sophisticated electronic and electromechanical security systems are used throughout the world, which include: intrusion detection systems (IDS), closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems, vehicular and pedestrian access control systems, metal detectors, and explosive detection systems. STS's support technical security support domestically and at ESC's and ESO's worldwide.
Diplomatic Couriers protect information by ensuring the secure movement of classified U.S. Government material across international borders to over 180 Foreign Service missions. Diplomatic pouches can contain thousands of pounds of equipment and construction materials, as well as classified documents bound for sensitive posts. Additionally, Diplomatic courier control officers escort sensitive, but unclassified, crated materials within the United States and across international boundaries. These materials receive the same secure shipment as diplomatic pouches but, unlike diplomatic pouches, are declared to customs on entry into a country. The Diplomatic Courier Service securely delivered over 9.5 million pounds of classified material and 1 million pounds of controlled material last year. The Diplomatic Courier Service is constantly evolving to meet the increasingly restrictive guidelines imposed by various countries.
Note
With the exception of GS employees of DS serving domestically, most DS personnel are members of the United States Foreign Service, serving as Specialists.
See also
U.S. Diplomatic Security's Mobile Security Deployments (MSD)
U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS)
List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
Rewards for Justice Program
Bureau of Diplomatic Security Bibliography
References
External links
DS
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教宗聖列哥里三世（；）於731年3月18日至741年11月28日任教宗。他在阿拉伯帝国倭马亚王朝统治下的叙利亚出生，731年以一致欢呼的方式當選教宗。此后1300年没有非欧洲出生者担任教宗，直到2013年当选的教宗方濟各（在南美洲國家阿根廷出生）。
譯名列表
額我略三世：天主教香港教區禮儀委員會：禧年專頁 作“額我略”。
國瑞三世：香港天主教教區檔案 歷任教宗 作“國瑞”。
格列高列三世：《大英簡明百科知識庫》2005年版 作“格列高列”。
格雷戈里三世：《世界人名翻譯大辭典》1993年版作“格雷戈里”。
格列哥里三世：國立編譯舘 作“格列哥里”。
参考文献
G
亞洲出生的教宗
叙利亚人
叙利亚罗马天主教圣人
意大利罗马天主教圣人
8世纪教宗圣人
8世纪总主教
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半月板损伤痒怎么办？半月板损伤多由扭转外力引起，半月板损伤可发生在半月板的前角、后角、中部边缘部。损伤的形状可为横裂、纵裂、水平裂或不规则形，甚至破碎成关节内游离体。多有膝关节突然旋转、跳起落地时扭伤史，或有多次膝关节扭伤、肿痛史．损伤时患膝内有撕裂感。随及关节疼痛、肿胀。关节积血。关节一侧或后方痛，位置教固定。关节间隙压痛，有时伴有响声。上、下楼梯时会发生关节交锁、不稳或滑落感，膝关节突然伸直碍。半月板损伤检查，压痛部位：压痛的部位一般即为病变的部位，对半月板损伤的诊断及确定其损伤部位均有重要意义。检查时将膝置于半屈曲位，在膝关节内侧和外侧间隙，沿胫骨髁的上缘即半月板的边缘部，用拇指由前往后逐点按压，在半月板损伤处有固定压痛。如在按压的同时，将膝被动屈伸或内外旋转小腿，疼痛更为显著，有时还可触及到异常活动的半月板。麦氏试验，病人仰卧，检查者一手握小腿踝部，另一手扶住膝部将髋与膝尽量屈曲，然后使小腿外展、外旋和外展、内旋、或内收、内旋、或内收、外旋，逐渐伸直。出现疼痛或响声即为阳性，根据疼痛和响声部位确定损伤的部位。强力过伸或过屈试验：将膝关节强力被动过伸或过屈，如半月板前部损伤，过伸可引起疼痛;如半月板后部损伤，过屈可引起疼痛。单腿下蹲试验：用单腿持重从站立位逐渐下蹲，再从下蹲位站起，健侧正常，患侧下蹲或站起到一定位置时，因损伤的半月板受挤压，可引起关节间隙处疼痛，甚至不能下蹲或站起。重力试验：病人取侧卧位，抬起下肢作膝关节主动屈伸活动，患侧关节间隙向下时，因损伤的半月板受挤压而引起疼痛;反之，患侧关节间隙向上时，则无疼痛。半月板损伤，半月板损伤，可以使用石膏或支具固定膝关节，保守治疗方法治疗，吃点消炎止痛，活血物，平时注意休息，避免劳累，避免长时间站立及行走，不要长时间屈膝，避免深蹲，可以给予热敷。
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乐兴镇，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。2019年12月，撤销乐兴镇，将其所属行政区域划归黄土镇管辖。
行政区划
乐兴镇下辖以下地区：
。
参考资料
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Matthew Ko Kwan-yin (born 20 May 1984) is a Hong Kong actor. In September 2014, Ko left TVB after his contract ended to later sign with Catchy Tone Artists in Mainland China.
At the age of seven, Matthew emigrated to Toronto, Ontario, Canada with his parents. He attended Dr. G.W. Williams Secondary School and played on the Wildcats Basketball team. He then entered York University. In 2003, he participated in the Toronto Sunshine Boyz election and won the championship. He returned to Hong Kong in 2004 and worked as a model. In 2005, he became the first ever winner of Hong Kong's Mr. Hong Kong male beauty contest and subsequently signed a contract with TVB. Ko speaks fluent English, French, Cantonese and Mandarin.
Filmography
Songs
Music video appearances
2006: Vangie Tsang – "Remembrance" (紀念)
2006: Ivana Wong – "Thunder" (雷電)
2006: Toby Leung – "Bastard" (賤人)
2006: Niki Chow – "Welcoming Heartbreak" (迎接失戀)
2006: Rammie Guo – "Learning to Fly" (學會飛)
2006: Krusty – "Shopaholic" (戀物狂)
2008: Denise Ho – "Synchronized Swimming" (韻律泳)
2009: Kate Tsui – "Mind Reading (讀心術)
Awards
2003: The Sunshine Boyz Competition – 1st place
2005: Mr. Hong Kong; – 1st place
2005: Mr. Hong Kong – Stylish Award winner
2007: TVB Kids Songs Award – Top 10 Song ("Legend of the Dragon King")
References
External links
Matthew Ko on Sina Weibo
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! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | Mr. Hong Kong
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Living people
1984 births
Hong Kong male television actors
Hong Kong emigrants to Canada
21st-century Hong Kong male actors
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盧錫·基拔·克利尼·尼利斯（Luc Gilbert Cyrille Nilis，），比利時足球運動員，司職前鋒。
他早在2000-01賽季完結後後結束了他的職業生涯，因為他的腿在阿士東維拉對葉士域治與門將衝突後被踢斷。
他的前俱樂部包括K.F.C. Winterslag，安德列治，燕豪芬。他在燕豪芬時，他與雲尼斯達萊形成在歐洲其中一個非常鋒利的前線組合。單在1998-1999賽季，尼利斯和雲尼斯達萊合共製造了55個聯賽進球。雲尼斯達萊更榮膺神射手，尼利斯名列第二。在接下來的賽季，尼利斯最後一季效力燕豪芬，他們共取得了48個聯賽進球。此外，當被問及他最好的拍擋，他總是想起羅納爾多，儘管朗拿度只效力燕豪芬一段短時間，雲佬在多個場合也表示尼利斯是一個最好的球員，如果不是最好的，也是他合作過的最好球員。
尼利斯替國家隊上陣56場，取得10球。他是球會高產的鋒線殺手，但他只能在第24場中射入第一個國際賽入球。 尼利斯出席了1994年世界杯，1998年世界杯和2000年歐國盃。他目前是在燕豪芬訓練員。他負責訓練進攻的一部分。他的兒子，阿尼，正在效力燕豪芬預備隊。
榮譽
球會
比利時聯賽 - 1987, 1991, 1993, 1994
比利時盃 - 1988, 1989, 1994
荷蘭甲組足球聯賽 - 1997, 2000
荷蘭盃 - 1996
個人
荷甲最佳球員 - 1995
荷甲神射手 - 1996, 1997
參考
Voetbal international website - Nilis stats
Beijen website - CV
Eurosoccer website - End of career report
Google Video - Luc Nilis Compilation
足球前鋒
比利時男子足球運動員
亨克球員
安德列治球員
PSV燕豪芬球員
阿士東維拉球員
比甲球員
荷甲球員
英超球員
1994年世界盃足球賽球員
1998年世界盃足球賽球員
荷蘭外籍足球運動員
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Stéphane Le Mignan (born 4 June 1974) is a French football coach and a former midfielder. He is the currently manager Ligue 2 side Concarneau.
After a lower-league playing career, he began managing at Vannes in 2002, winning the Championnat National in 2008 and finishing runners-up in the Coupe de la Ligue in 2009. He also won the Championnat National with Concarneau in 2023.
Career
Vannes
Le Mignan spent his entire playing career in the French lower leagues with Montagnarde, Pontivy, Locminé and Vannes. In November 2002, after dismissing Denis Goavec, Vannes hired recently retired Le Mignan as manager. The team achieved promotion from the fourth-tier Championnat de France Amateur to the Championnat National under him in 2005.
In the 2006–07 Coupe de France, Vannes won 2–0 after extra time in the last 16 away to Ligue 2 team Montpellier, then lost 5–0 at Ligue 1 Marseille in the quarter-finals. Vannes won the 2007–08 Championnat National to earn promotion to Ligue 2 for the first time. This also meant a debut campaign in the Coupe de la Ligue, beating top-flight Valenciennes, Auxerre and Nice before a 4–0 final loss to Bordeaux at the Stade de France.
In the 2010–11 Ligue 2, the team were relegated in 18th place on the final day, and the budget for the following season was thereby reduced from €8.5 million to €4 million, resulting in 14 players being released. On 27 December 2012, after over a decade in charge, Le Mignan was dismissed with the team 7th in the third tier, six points off Poiré-sur-Vie in third.
Boulogne
In June 2013, Le Mignan was hired by third-tier Boulogne. On his debut on 6 August, the team lost on penalties at home to Créteil in the first round of the Coupe de la Ligue.
Le Mignan led his team to the quarter-finals of the Coupe de France in 2014–15, beating second-tier opposition Le Havre in the eighth round and Quevilly in the last 16. On 3 March 2015, the team were eliminated on penalties at their Stade de la Libération by top-flight Saint-Étienne.
Le Mignan was dismissed on 21 February 2016, with the club in 10th place and two points above the relegation zone.
Créteil
On 9 January 2017, Le Mignan was hired at Créteil, ranked 14th in the third tier. On his debut four days later, the team won 2–1 at home to Consolat Marseille. He was dismissed on 21 November, with the team in the same place as when he took them over.
In June 2018, Le Mignan had the first foreign experience of his career, being chosen as assistant for a year at Al-Gharafa SC in the Qatar Stars League, under fellow Breton Christian Gourcuff.
Concarneau
On 14 March 2020, Le Mignan returned to France's third tier, being named manager at 11th-placed Concarneau in his native region. As the season was annulled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he did not debut until 21 August, when his team began the new campaign with a 2–0 win at Avranches. In May 2022, he extended his contract for three more years.
Le Mignan took on his former club Vannes on 29 October 2022 in the seventh round of the Coupe de France, losing on penalties. The following 26 May, with a 2–1 final day win at Orléans, the team won the league title ahead of Dunkerque to play in Ligue 2 for the first time in their history.
Honours
Vannes
Championnat National: 2007–08
Concarneau
Championnat National: 2022–23
References
External links
1974 births
People from Auray
Footballers from Morbihan
Living people
French men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
GSI Pontivy players
Saint-Colomban Sportive Locminé players
Vannes OC players
French football managers
Ligue 2 managers
Championnat National managers
Championnat National 2 managers
Vannes OC managers
US Boulogne managers
French expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
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Raúl Baptista (born 29 July 1911) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a half-back.
Starting at Barreirense, where he spent seven years, Baptista achieved recognition at Benfica, appearing in nearly 100 games and winning four major titles.
Career
Baptista arrived at Benfica in 1935 after seven seasons with Barreirense. He made his debut on 24 November, against Belenenses. With competition from João Correia, Albino and Gaspar Pinto, he only racked up 9 appearances, two in the Primeira Liga, allowing him to win his first league title. In the following year, he displaced Correia out of the first team and played 25 games on the way to back-to-back league titles. A year later, he completed a championship three-peat as regular first team, playing in all the league games and making 28 appearances in total.
In 1938–39, the breakthrough of Francisco Ferreira made a negative impact in his career, and he saw his playing time drop, to just 11 games. However, Baptista recovered his place in the first team in 1939–40, playing 20 games and winning the 1939–40 Taça de Portugal. The following year, he only played twice as Alcobia took his place in the starting eleven. He left Benfica with 95 appearances and four major wins.
Honours
Benfica
Primeira Divisão: 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38
Taça de Portugal: 1939–40
References
General
Specific
1911 births
Year of death unknown
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
F.C. Barreirense players
S.L. Benfica footballers
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浅表性胃炎严重吗怎么一直想拉大便？慢性浅表性胃炎是胃黏膜呈慢性浅表性炎症的疾病，为消化系统常见病，属慢性胃炎中的一种，多数慢性浅表性胃炎症状可自行消失，经过数月或数年病变也可完全恢复。下面我们来了解一下浅表性胃炎的症状表现：腹胀是慢性浅表性胃炎的一种非常典型的症状，很多患者是由于饮食不当、消化不良、还有胃内排泄物滞留没有及时排空引起，大约有70％的患者都会有腹胀的表现，也会有患者有想拉大便的感觉。约85％的浅表性胃炎患者会出现上腹疼痛，一般来说，上腹部疼痛没有规律，并且和饮食无关，有的浅表性胃炎患者如果空腹的情况下比较舒适，但是在吃饭过后就会感觉很不舒，那么，这种情况一般为弥慢性上腹部隐痛、胀痛和灼痛等。有很多患者平时喜欢吃一些冷食、硬食以及一些辛辣刺激性的食物，上腹疼痛的症状就会加重。少数情况下与天气变化的因素有关。慢性浅表性胃炎患者中大约有一半左右的人会出现嗳气的症状，表明患者胃内气体增多，其病理原因是患者胃部积压的气体过多，往上通过食管方式排除从而缓解上腹饱胀感。出血也是浅表性胃炎的比较常见的一种症状，有些慢性浅表性胃炎患者可出现反复出血的症状，出血的原因是因为慢性浅表性胃炎的炎症症状没有得到及时缓解和治疗，从而并发了胃粘膜的急性炎症引起。只有一小部分的患者为偶发性。通常来说，浅表性胃炎的症状缺乏特异性，所以说，不同的患者的症状表现不同，有的患者甚至没有任何症状，然而，有的患者会出现食欲减退、上腹部胀闷以及吐酸出血等一系列的表现。对于浅表性胃炎的患者，饮食上要无刺激性，含低纤维质，易于消化，具有足够营养，少食多餐；进餐时要放松，保持心情愉快。
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暴食厌食症的症状？暴食症是被迫自己进食，不吃不行，即使扣吐了，也要在吃，你只是一种从不控制的或者难以控制的饮食习惯而已，可以看中医，西医效果不好就吃些中药，体质问题吧，很多人每到夏季体质就会明显下降，被称为“枯夏。反复发作的暴食行为。一次暴食的发作具有以下两种特征：在不连续的时间段中，例如在任何两小时期间内，摄入比大多数人在同一期间、同样场合内所能摄入的数量确实多得多的食物；有一种在发作期间难以控制进食行为的感觉，例如感觉不能停止进食或不能控制吃什么和吃多少。暴食发作有这些特点：比平时进食速度快得多；一直吃到感觉撑得难受为止；在不感到生理饥饿的情况下进食大量食物；独自进食的时候会因为觉得自己吃太多东西很不好意思；感觉讨厌自己或暴食之后有强烈的罪恶感。生活中，经常会有人不喜欢吃饭或者是讨厌吃饭，这就是一种厌食的表现，那么大家对于这种情况有是多少的了解呢?厌食症症状有哪些呢?相信大家很想了解一下，下面就让我们来好好看一下关于这些方面的情况吧。很多人起初不吃饭是为了自己能够拥有一个好的身材，但是长期的节食就会导致厌食的情况发生，还会引发一些肠胃的疾病问题。厌食症患者常常会有饥饿的感觉，但是却又强求自己不要吃东西，他们比较了解食物中的营养会故意的避开高热量的食物。大约百分之五十的厌食症者伴贪食症，暴食后又自己诱吐。服减肥药。泻药等。或者大运动量活动，唯恐自己体重增加，从而导致水电解质紊乱低血钾，低血钠等和酸碱平衡失调代谢性碱中毒。
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The Ghent station was a former New York Central Railroad station that served the residents of Ghent, New York.
History
The station catered to a local community that had a substantial industry during the era of the NYCRR, and, earlier, the New York and Harlem Railroad. Prior to this, however, another railroad laid tracks through the community nearby: specifically, the Hudson and Berkshire Railroad, which was completed in 1846 between Hudson and Chatham It went bankrupt and was reorganized as the Hudson and Boston Railroad in 1855: later acquired by the Boston and Albany Railroad in 1870, which eventually downgraded it to the B&A Hudson Branch. The New York and Harlem laid tracks through Ghent to Chatham in 1852. The line was eventually taken over by the New York Central Railroad (NYCRR), and provided both passenger and freight train service. Ghent was the station that served both the Harlem Division and the former Boston and Albany Railroad Hudson Branch. The station had a tower that coordinated the two railroads from here to Chatham Union Station until 1936. It also included a hotel named The Bartlett House, which was built in 1870 and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 8, 2012.
However, with the demise of the NYCRR, and its 1968 merger with the Pennsylvania Railroad to form the soon to be bankrupt Penn Central Railroad, passenger services ceased on March 20, 1972. Ghent provided commercial freight-only service, and even became a terminus for freight when Conrail acquired the line in 1976 and eliminated it between here and Millerton station in Dutchess County. The station continued to do so until 1980, when the tracks between here and Chatham Union Station were dismantled. The Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association plans to extend the trail along the right-of-way in front of the site of the former station.
References
Former New York Central Railroad stations
Railway stations closed in 1972
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Transportation in Columbia County, New York
Railway stations in Columbia County, New York
1972 disestablishments in New York (state)
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The Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy is a trilogy of novels by American writer Robert Anton Wilson consisting of The Universe Next Door (1979), The Trick Top Hat (1980), and The Homing Pigeons (1981), each illustrating a different interpretation of quantum physics. They were collected into an omnibus edition in 1988.
Wilson is also co-author of The Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975), and Schrödinger's Cat is a sequel of sorts, re-using several of the same characters and carrying on many of the themes of the earlier work.
The name Schrödinger's Cat comes from a thought experiment in quantum mechanics. The first book, The Universe Next Door, takes place in different universes in accord with the many worlds interpretation of quantum physics; in the second, The Trick Top Hat, characters are unknowingly connected through non-locality, i.e., having once crossed paths they are joined in quantum entanglement; and the third book, The Homing Pigeons, places characters in an "observer-created universe" in which consciousness causes the collapse of the wavefunction.
Taking place in Unistat, which is the novel's parallel to the United States, the novels have intertwining plots involving a wide array of characters, including:
Epicene Wildeblood, a.k.a. Mary Margaret Wildeblood, a transsexual woman who throws great parties
Frank Dashwood, president of Orgasm Research
Markoff Chaney, a prankster
Hugh Crane, a.k.a. Cagliostro the Great, a mystic and magician
Furbish Lousewart V, author and President of Unistat
Marvin Gardens, author and cocaine addict
Eve Hubbard, scientist and alternate President of Unistat
Series summary
In The Universe Next Door, the President of Unistat is Furbish Lousewart V; in that universe, a terrorist organization known as Purity of Essence (named after General Ripper's obsession in the film Dr. Strangelove) threatens to detonate nuclear devices in major cities all over Unistat. Also mirroring Dr. Strangelove, Unistat has an automated device that will send nuclear missiles to Russia in the event of such an attack. Russia has a similar device to bomb China, and so on.
In The Trick Top Hat, President Hubbard, promotes a scientific approach to the improvement of life: she offers rewards to anyone who can design a robot to do their job or develop methods to prolong life. Eventually Unistat becomes a Utopia. She makes the whole law system into three different laws: victimless crimes, which have no punishment; crimes against property, which involve debt and payment; and serious crimes, such as murder, which result in being sent to Hell, a place like jail but not quite. It's encased in laser shielding and is like a primitive world all its own. It is, in fact, the State of Mississippi. The original Pocket Books edition of The Trick Top Hat contains many passages, some sexually explicit, that are not included in later editions, including the Dell softcover. Much of this material first appeared in Wilson's earlier novel, The Sex Magicians, published as pornography by Sheffield House in 1973.
The third volume, The Homing Pigeons, features President Kennedy, although it has very little to do with the President. Near the end of the book it keeps switching universes, some of which contain President Kennedy, others which contain President Lousewort, and still others in which Hubbard is the president. Like The Trick Top Hat, The Homing Pigeons also has material in the Pocket Books edition that is not in later editions. Unlike The Trick Top Hat, however, the material that was cut out did not contain particularly sexually explicit content.
The main plots throughout these books are many. One follows Markoff Chaney, a midget, and his pranks played on the world that continuously screws him over. Most of his pranks are played on Dr. Dashwood, of Orgasm Research. However, the most important plot line follows the path of one Hugh Crane which may or may not be this Universe's Hagbard Celine; a character that is an obvious representation of Wilson himself.
Another follows an "Ithyphallic Eidolon", a penis removed from a transsexual woman named Epicene (post-surgery, Mary Margaret) Wildebloode. She puts it on display on her mantelpiece, where it gets stolen. It passes through the vicinity of almost every character in the series at least once.
There are dozens of conspiracy theories, strange loops, satire and paranoia included within those pages. In addition, there are numerous references to other works and occasional outright appropriation of characters from them (including cameos by Captain Ahab and Lemuel Gulliver, among others). Many of the character names are either puns ("Bertha van Ation," referring to the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation, "Juan Tootrego") or references to historical personages (Blake Williams refers to the poet William Blake, Francis Dashwood's name refers to Sir Francis Dashwood).
Tanstagi
"Tanstagi", an acronym standing for "There Ain't No Such Thing As Government Interference", is the motto of the Invisible Hand Society, an originally fictional organization invented in the Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy. The acronym was deliberately intended as a reference to Robert A. Heinlein's TANSTAAFL principle.
The Tanstagi principle is meant to imply that the invisible hand of the free market applies to government as well. In other words, contrary to traditional ideas of laissez-faire capitalism, government interference in the free market is impossible, since governments are inextricably a part of the market as a whole. 'Government' is not a separate institution—it is a word used to describe the actions of a large number of individuals subject to the same (at least qualitatively) pressures as everyone else. Both of these ideas are part of what is known as 'economic Taoism.'
While it was first introduced in a novel, people claiming to be members or know of chapters of the Invisible Hand Society have occasionally appeared in editorial pages and on the Internet.
Language and invented slang
The Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy is a fictional story, with much interpersonal dialogue between characters. This dialogue frequently makes use of slang words invented by the author, as a substitute for words that were, in the 1970s, typically taboo to speak about in modern western culture. In case a censorship case was brought against the book, Wilson made use of the names of Supreme Court Justices as "stand ins" for certain words. Examples include "Potter Stewarting", an expression used as a substitute for a common word that refers to the act of copulation, and "Burgering", referring to the act of voiding one's bowels (referring to Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986, Warren E. Burger), etc.
Reception
Greg Costikyan reviewed Schrödinger's Cat in Ares Magazine #2 and commented that "It deals with uncertainty, sub-nuclear physics; Oriental philosophy, violence, sex and nuclear war. If this description seems confusing to you, you will be more confused after reading the novel. Purchase it; you will either love it or despise it."
Greg Costikyan reviewed Schrodinger's Cat II: The Trick Top Hat in Ares Magazine #10 and commented that "Wilson is not a writer for the unware; the Schrodinger's Cat series is immensely enjoyable, but requires a reader who will think. Aficionados of space opera need not apply."
Greg Costikyan reviewed Schrodinger's Cat III: The Homing Pigeons in Ares Magazine #11 and commented that "Schrodinger's Cat III proves once again that Wilson is one of the best and most interesting writers of whom science fiction can boast."
Publication details
Previously published in three separate volumes by Pocket Books.
References
Science fiction book series
Trilogy
Discordianism
Dystopian novels
Novels by Robert Anton Wilson
Fiction about trans-Neptunian objects
Novels about parallel universes
Quantum mechanics in fiction
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死精是什么原因？死精子症会导致男性出现全身无力，精神乏力，有的患者还可能出现阳痿，遗精，睾丸疼痛的症状。大部分都是死精症引发的并发症导致的症状，比如会出现血精的现象，有的还有尿频，尿急，尿不尽，尿痛的症状。有的还会出现下腹疼痛，伴有阴部不适，射精疼痛。出现死精症要及时治疗，死精症会导致精子质量下降，降低受孕的几率。死精的原因比较多，比如说生殖系统的感染，前列腺炎，精囊炎等等。另外长时间的禁欲就有可能导致男性的精子密度加大，死精过多。精索静脉曲张导致睾丸附睾的血液循环障碍，局部温度过高也有可能导致死精的。还有一方面原因跟平时的生活饮食习惯有关。比如说长期抽烟喝酒，熬夜，使用化妆品等等也有可能导致死精。死精子症当中基本来说，我们的诊断基本是不能自然怀孕的，因为没有往前跑的精子，精子和卵子见面的机会都没有，怎么能自然怀孕，所以我们要找到什么原因。第一、通过体检，如B超检查睾丸的大小;第二、通过激素检查;第三、通过一些染色体检查判断一下，比如临床上常见的死精子症。第一个方面有的睾丸发育比较小，那我们看看激素如何有异常，通过一些激素药物的治疗，比如有的泌乳素比较高，可以通过一些溴隐亭这种药物降低泌乳素，通过激素的治疗，可以改善他的精子质量，产生精子来解决他的生育问题;第二方面有的是一些管道不通畅，临床常见的管道不通畅，造成的死精子症，这类患者大部分药物治疗是没有效的，要通过一种精道内镜的手术，通过微创手术把他管道疏通了，让他好的精子排泄出来，才能去解决他的生育问题;第三方面就是先天异常。
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布格施瓦尔巴赫（德语：）是德国莱茵兰-普法尔茨州的一个市镇。总面积9.21平方公里，总人口1071人，其中男性542人，女性529人（2011年12月31日），人口密度116人/平方公里。
参见
莱茵兰-普法尔茨州市镇列表
参考
莱茵兰-普法尔茨州市镇
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轻度脂肪肝如何治疗？脂肪肝指南上将脂肪肝定为单纯性脂肪肝、脂肪性肝炎、脂肪性肝纤维化、脂肪性肝硬化四种，一般CT值在0.7至1.0之间，就可以诊断为我们常说的轻度脂肪肝。轻度脂肪肝治疗方法：第一、要调整饮食结构，尽量避免脂肪或者高胆固醇的食物，动物内脏、蛋黄，奶油、巧克力等含脂肪高的食物尽量避免摄取，以低脂、低胆固醇，优质蛋白、蔬菜、水果食物为主。每餐吃饭不要吃得过饱。第二、主要是运动，除了饮食之外，患者要消耗多余的热量和脂肪，要通过运动来实现。运动是提倡有氧运动，骑自行车、慢跑、快步走、游泳、打羽毛球、打乒乓球有氧运动，一周至少2-3次为宜。可以根据自己的身体情况，从小活动量的运动开始，逐渐增加运动量，达到消耗热量和脂肪的目的。大部分人如果能够坚持半年以上，轻度脂肪肝应该都可以完全逆转。轻度脂肪肝注意事项：轻度脂肪肝很容易诱发中度、重度脂肪肝，饮食是导致脂肪肝最重要的因素，尽可能不要吃油炸、油腻、辛辣刺激的食物，最好以清淡的食物为主。脂肪肝需要多注意锻炼身体增强体质。轻度脂肪肝可以不用吃口服药物。引起肝功能损伤、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶增高，需要给予保肝的药物治疗。临床上比较常用的有护肝片、益肝灵片，条件比较好的，也可以适当的口服美能，效果是非常好的。所以脂肪肝不仅从饮食上注意，还要注意身体锻炼，也可以适当的吃一些药物。轻度脂肪肝可以吃中草药、中成药，对血脂有一定的帮助。最好还要查一下有无血脂增高的情况。
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William Strang, 1st Baron Strang (2 January 1893–27 May 1978) was a British diplomat who served as a leading adviser to the British Government from the 1930s to the 1950s and as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office from 1949 to 1953.
Early life and education
Strang was the eldest son of James Strang, a farmer, and his wife Margaret Steven, daughter of William Steven. He was educated at Palmer's School, University College, London and at the Sorbonne.
Military and diplomatic career
Strang was commissioned into the Worcestershire Regiment in 1915 and served in the First World War. He ended the war as a captain.
In 1919, he joined the Diplomatic Service and served at the British embassy in Belgrade from 1919 to 1922, at the Foreign Office from 1922 to 1930 and at the embassy in Moscow from 1930 to 1933. During his time in Moscow he played an important role in the Metro-Vickers engineers trial, in which six British engineers were accused of spying. He returned to the Foreign Office in 1933, and held office as head of the League of Nations section until 1937 and of the Central Department from 1937 to 1939.
During the 1930s he was an adviser to the government at the major international meetings, and met Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin. He was a tacit opponent of appeasement, but always stayed loyal to the government. From 1939 to 1943 he was assistant under-secretary of state for Europe. During the late-1930s, Strang was a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, which was pro-Nazi.
Strang became of interest to an undercover MI5 agent, Eric Roberts, who was operating under the pretence of working for the Gestapo, with the intention of identifying potential fifth columnists. In 1943, he reported on one of the diplomat's female friends who was possibly his lover. Unaware of her connections, Strang had told her "that he personally hated the Jews and regarded the Bolsheviks and the Jews as the two greatest enemies of all that is decent". Roberts reported further comments made six days later to the same woman: "Strang alleged that the Bethnal Green tube disaster was caused by a Jewish pickpocket gang, the ringleader of which netted £200". Ultimate responsibility for the Bethnal Green tube disaster in March 1943 was placed on the negligence of the authorities rather than any individuals.
Strang was present at the major conferences between the Allied leaders during the Second World War. In 1943 Strang was appointed the British representative on the European Advisory Commission, with the rank of ambassador. The commission was established by the Allies to study the possible post-war political problems in Europe and make recommendation but was dissolved at the Potsdam Conference. In June 1945, Strang became political adviser to the Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Germany, Bernard Montgomery.
Strang again returned to the Foreign Office in 1947 and served as Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the German section from 1947 to 1949 and as Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1949 to 1953. The six years Strang served as Permanent Under-Secretary of State saw the gradual recovery of Europe through the Marshall Plan, the establishment of the Western European Union and NATO and the breaking of the Berlin blockade. He was retired from the Foreign Office in December 1953.
Honours
While serving as an army captain, Strang was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1918. was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1932, a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1939, a KCMG in 1943, a GCMG in 1950 and a KCB in 1953. In 1954, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Strang, of Stonesfield in the County of Oxford. He later served as a Deputy Speaker and Deputy Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords and as Convenor of the Crossbench Peers. He was also Chairman of the Royal Institute of International Affairs and of the college committee of University College, London. He published The Foreign Office (1955), Britain in World Affairs (1961) and Diplomatic Career (1962) as well as his autobiography Home and Abroad (1956).
Marriage and issue
In 1920, he married Elsie Wynne Jones, daughter of Josias E. Jones. They had one daughter and one son:
Colin (12 June 1922 – 19 December 2014), who succeeded him in the barony.
Jean (17 April 1921 – 21 October 1988)
Because of standing up for Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn (in the meetings of the European Advisory Committee held in London) so that it did not become part of the Soviet occupation zone, as was Stalin's wish, William Strang is highly revered on the island, although he never visited it during his lifetime.
Lord Strang died at the age of 85.
References
Blake, Lord and Nicholls, C. S (editors). The Dictionary of National Biography, 1971–1980. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
External links
The Papers of William Strang, 1st Baron Strang of Stonesfield, K.C.B. held at Churchill Archives Centre
1893 births
1978 deaths
Alumni of University College London
University of Paris alumni
Worcestershire Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British people of World War II
Members of HM Diplomatic Service
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Crossbench life peers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Hereditary barons created by Elizabeth II
20th-century British diplomats
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鼻梁骨骨折属于什么伤？医学上，鼻骨骨折可以分为单纯的鼻骨骨折和复合的鼻骨骨折。一般所说的鼻骨骨折就是单纯的鼻骨骨折，单纯的鼻骨骨折又可以分为无移位鼻骨骨折和移位鼻骨骨折两种，无移位鼻骨骨折就是鼻骨骨质出现了裂隙、裂缝，没有出现移位。通常，临床上鼻骨骨折分四型：Ⅰ型：单纯鼻骨骨折，影像学检查见骨折线，无明显移位，鼻外形正常。Ⅱ型：Ⅰ型的基础上出现骨折线对位不良，鼻粱外观改变。Ⅲ型：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型伴鼻中隔软骨骨折、脱位、血肿或鼻黏膜严重撕裂。Ⅳ型：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型伴有鼻骨周围骨质骨折如上颌骨额突、额骨鼻突或鼻窦骨折。此外，还可以皮肤开放角度讲，鼻梁骨骨折分为：1.闭合式鼻骨骨折：皮肤无破损。2.开放式鼻骨骨折：皮肤有破损。若从骨折所累及的范围讲，分为：1.单纯性鼻骨骨折：骨折仅累及鼻骨。2.复合型鼻骨骨折：15%的鼻骨骨折伴有上颌骨额突骨折、鼻中隔犁骨骨折、副鼻窦区骨折、眼眶骨折及鼻骨间、鼻骨、上颌骨额突间骨缝分离，统称鼻区骨折。合并其他颌面骨和颅底骨的骨折如鼻根内眦部受伤时鼻部、筛骨、眶壁骨折为鼻额筛眶复合体骨折。另外从法律的角度来看，鼻梁骨骨折属于轻伤。根据《人体轻伤鉴定标准》第10条规定：（一）鼻骨粉碎性骨折，或者鼻骨线形骨折伴有明显移位的；（二）鼻损伤明显影响鼻外形或者功能的。以上的两种情形能构成轻伤。如果伤情达到轻伤，可以追究对方的刑事责任，同时要求对方承担民事赔偿责任，支付赔偿金。鼻梁骨骨折的赔偿项目有：医疗费、营养费、交通费、误工费、护理费、残疾赔偿金、后期治疗费、住院伙食补助费、被扶养人生活费、鉴定费、精神损害赔偿金等费用。
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Motu Piti Aau is a island in the Bora Bora Islands Group, within the Society Islands of French Polynesia. It is located between Pitiuu Tai, and Tape.
Geography
Motu Piti Aau is a low island, with a small hill near Reva Reva ranch.
Administration
The island is part of Bora Bora Commune.
Demographics
Taurere, the main village of the island, is on the south west corner, facing Bora Bora Island.
Its current population includes many private households as the resorts staff usually commute daily to the pier at Eden beach.
Tourism
The Island boasts many resorts.
Near the island of Tape, is Le Meridien Resort.
Thalasso Intercontinental Resort
Eden Beach Resort
Bora Bora One Resort, near Taurere
Chez Nono operates a camping facility in Fareone point, at the south of Piti Aau, the cheapest in Bora Bora.
Transportation
After arriving in Fa'a'ā International Airport, an Air Tahiti inter-island flight (50 minutes) will bring you to Bora Bora Airport.
You will need to board the airline’s catamaran shuttle to Vaitape, where resorts staff take boats.
References
External links
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胃痛吃什么东西养胃？现代人有胃病的很多，因为工作和学习压力比较大，所以在吃东西上面经常就会不怎么在意，时间一长就有了胃病。那么胃疼的时候适合吃一些什么食物呢，吃什么可以缓解胃疼，请看今天的文章讲解。胃疼吃什么好菠菜菠菜对我们的胃是很有好处的，因为它能够促进胃部和胰腺分泌一些分泌物，达到保护胃部的作用。另外对于肠道也有保护作用，可以帮助排便。菠菜当中含有草酸成分，在吃之前最好可以用热水过一下，否则会阻止人体对钙质的吸收，大家要记住这一点哦，是非常重要的。牛奶牛奶中的营养非常的丰富，而且牛奶还有着一定的食疗效果。能够治疗阴虚胃痛、津亏便秘等症状。近代以来很多用于治疗消化性溃疡的病和习惯性便秘很多都用牛奶来辅助治疗。所以治疗胃病，牛奶必不可少。粥类粥对于有胃病的人来说更加容易消化，而且在做粥的时候可以加入多种东西，吃的时候营养也更加丰富一些。汤水比较养胃的除了各种粥类外，还有汤汤水水，汤不能是肉汤，而是各种蔬菜汤，比如菠菜汤，鸡蛋汤等等。包心菜包心菜中含有大量的维生素C，具有止痛以及促进溃疡愈合的作用，含有的维生素U具有保护胃黏膜的作用，对于胃火以及胃溃疡具有很好的预防与治疗效果。主食最养胃的食物莫过于面条了。面条比较软，而且又好消化。对胃很有好处。大米中含有很多的酸，所以不能过多的吃大米。如果熬粥的话，可以放一些小苏打进去。粥比较容易煮烂，而且对胃特别好。另外可以吃一些苏打饼干。对胃也比较好。苹果苹果能够健脾补气，生津润燥、对胃口也有很大的好处。能够调节肠胃功能预防便秘的放生。比较适合脾虚食少，胃阴亏虚、阴虚胃痛等症状。红薯红薯能够补脾益气，正气养胃，化食去积，很多人都知道吃完红薯会放屁，其实这正是胃肠蠕动的效果。
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甲状舌骨囊肿与瘘的症状是什么？瘘管或囊肿X线碘油造影有助于明确诊断。但应与鳃裂囊肿、皮样囊肿及异位甲状腺相鉴别。1.多见于小儿和青年。颈前舌骨平面下有圆形肿块，表面光滑，界限清楚，囊性感，皮肤无粘连，随吞咽上下移动。沿舌骨方向可触及索状物，张口伸舌时可觉肿块回缩上提。2.囊肿继发感染时，局部红肿触痛，自行破溃或切开引流后，可形成经久不愈的瘘。3.粘液性分泌物，常含柱状和鳞状上皮细胞。甲状舌囊肿内多覆有复层柱状上皮、复层扁平上皮或移行上皮。囊液为粘液性，感染后为脓性。上皮下可见有甲状腺组织。
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載崇, 字隽峰，清宗室，和親王弘昼系第五代贝勒奕亨五子，侍郎散秩大臣輔國將軍。启功先生之高祖。
生平
道光六年丙戌五月廿六日酉時生，母側室康氏康玉成之女。兄載容接替父親成為和親王第六代。道光三十年十一月，載崇封授一等輔國將軍、授散秩大臣，咸豐四年四月奉旨著在乾清門行走，七年六月授內閣學士兼禮部侍郎銜，八年二月授正白旗漢軍副都統，四月調授鑲紅旗漢軍副都統，六月授鑾輿衛鑾輿使，七月署理右翼總兵，九年十月授吏部右侍郎，十年閏三月授正白旗護軍統領，同治元年三月署理鑲黃旗蒙古副都統，三年五月署理正紅旗滿洲副都統。七年，丁母憂。光緒二年丙子三月初五日子時卒，年50歲。
家庭
正妻富察氏，禮部尚書貴慶女，福建巡撫瑞璸、吏部郎中瑞琇妹。
繼妻薩爾圖克氏，世袭一等侯杭州将军桂轮之女
妾舒氏，舒芩之女。
子
溥善1853- 經筵講官、吏部左侍郎、鑲藍旗滿洲副都統管理幼官學事務、正藍旗總族長、備查壇廟大臣、查城大臣、國史館清文總校、稽察七倉大臣。光緒三十年八月派充左翼監督，十二月奉旨革職、仍留奉國將軍，內閣學士兼禮部侍郎銜。
溥良1854-1922 正一品光祿大夫、經筵講官、禮部尚書、對引大臣、管宴大臣、實録館總裁、稽察七倉大臣、參預政務大臣，察哈尔都统、奉國將軍，正藍旗總族長、正黃旗蒙古都統，愛新覺羅氏，載崇子，启功曾祖。
溥興1858-1907 正一品光祿大夫、刑部尚書兼正白旗漢軍都統，理藩院尚書，理藩院右侍郎兼正黃旗蒙古副都統，工部右侍郎兼管理錢法堂事務、總理衙門大臣上行走，愛新覺羅氏，溥良弟，載崇子。
溥元
親屬
岳父：貴慶，富察氏，道光時期禮部尚書，官經筵講官、禮部尚書、領侍衛內大臣、廂紅旗漢軍都統兼管太常寺鴻臚寺事務，正一品光祿大夫。太子少保成都將軍觀成子。
妻兄：瑞璸，富察氏，兵部侍郎兼都察院右副都御史、巡撫福建等處地方提督軍務兼理粮餉（福建巡抚）、代辦閩浙總督事務。从一品。
妻兄：瑞珍，富察氏，府經歷、閑散。
妻兄：瑞琇，富察氏，欽差管理寶源局監督吏部郎中，京察一等外放浙江嘉興府知府。
注释
清朝輔國將軍
散秩大臣
乾清門侍衛
清朝內大臣
署
署
署
正白旗漢軍副都統
內閣學士
鑲白旗漢軍副都統
署
右翼查城大臣
清朝刑部左侍郎
正白旗護軍統領
清朝兵部右侍郎
清朝刑部右侍郎
署
正黃旗漢軍副都統
滿洲繙譯鄉試正考官
署
署
乾清門侍衛
清朝吏部右侍郎
管理健銳營事務大臣
鑲藍旗護軍統領
管理右翼官學事務大臣
管理新營房事務大臣
御前侍衛
清朝宗室
稽察寶坻等處駐防大臣
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1746, adopted unanimously on March 23, 2007, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including resolutions 1659 (2006) and 1662 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for an additional period of twelve months, until March 23, 2008.
Resolution
Observations
The preamble of Resolution 1746 reaffirmed the Security Council's commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and unity of Afghanistan and offered support for the implementation of the "Afghanistan Compact" and Afghanistan National Development Strategy.
Meanwhile, the resolution recognised the interconnected nature of the problems in Afghanistan and stressed the mutually reinforcing issues of progress relating to security, governance and development. It was also important to combat narcotic and terrorist threats posed by the Taliban, Al-Qaeda and other groups.
It also reaffirmed the role of the United Nations in Afghanistan, particularly the synergies in the objectives of UNAMA and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), in addition to its support for the 2002 Kabul Declaration on Good-Neighbourly Relations.
Acts
The Security Council renewed the mandate of UNAMA for an additional twelve months from the date of the adoption of the current resolution. UNAMA was instructed to promote a more "coherent international engagement" in support of Afghanistan, while its expansion into the provinces was welcomed. The Afghan authorities and international community were urged to implement the "Afghanistan Compact" fully and meet benchmarks.
The resolution welcomed progress in the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programme and new strategies relating to justice reform and drugs control with relation to opium. There was a need for Afghan parties to engage in an inclusive political dialogue, and to address corruption.
The Security Council called for respect of human rights and international humanitarian law throughout Afghanistan, calling on UNAMA and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to assist in the implementation of human rights aspects of the Afghan constitution.
Furthermore, Afghanistan was called upon to co-operate with UNAMA in the course of its mandate, ensuring its safety and freedom of movement. ISAF, including Operation Enduring Freedom, were asked to address the threat of terrorism and extremism posed by Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and other groups in the country. At the same time, the promotion of confidence-building measures was urged between Afghanistan and neighbouring countries.
Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was directed to report every six months on the situation in Afghanistan.
See also
War in Afghanistan (1978–present)
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1701 to 1800 (2006–2008)
War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1746
2007 in Afghanistan
1746
March 2007 events
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早期低分化胃癌能治好吗？低分化的胃癌可以说是所有胃癌里面比较难治的一种，而且他的恶变程度是比较高的，对放化疗的敏感程度较差，如果做全身化疗的话，副作用比较大，病人身体比较虚弱，不能确定病人身体是否可以耐受，所以可以考虑做局部精确放疗治疗肺上的病灶，这个副作用比较小，针对性比较强。吸烟与胃癌有着密不可分的关系，烟雾中含有多种致癌或促癌物质，是导致胃癌的主要原因之一。酒精本身虽不是致癌物质，但烈性酒会刺激胃粘膜，损伤粘膜组织，促进致癌物质的吸收，饮酒的同时合并吸烟，对胃的危害性更大，这是由于酒精可增强细胞膜的通透性，从而加强对烟雾中致癌物质的吸收。预防胃癌的发生一定要积极治疗胃部慢性疾病，如萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生、异常增生、久治不愈的胃溃疡、胃息肉等，这些疾病均可进一步恶变成胃癌。所以对于这些疾病一定要引起高度重视。平时要多食用一些新鲜的蔬菜、水果和牛奶富有维生素，可参与修复机体的天然屏障，提高机体免疫力阻止化学致癌物质在体内的合成。养成良好的生活及饮食习惯，少吃或不吃腌制、油炸、烟熏及烘烤霉变类等含亚硝胺类化合物致癌物质的食物，保护胃粘膜，饮食应定时定量，切忌暴饮暴食，避免刺激性强的食物对胃造成损伤性的刺激，减少胃炎及胃对于早期胃癌病人应给予易消化的食物，含蛋白质、脂肪较丰富的烹调较烂的食物，尽量减少食物中粗纤维的含量。必须注意：不易消化的粗糙食物可以加重病人的病情。溃疡的发生几率。对于胃窦癌，尤其是溃疡型的一定要给予软食或半流食，食物不易过冷过热，温度是变化容易引起胃粘膜血管的变化而造成出血。必须禁忌烟洒和辛辣刺激性食物，这些可能刺激胃部蠕动和痉挛，增加病人的疼痛和不适感等。一旦确诊后应尽快治闻，或是选择理中散结消癌汤进行治疗。
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肠炎腹泻发烧吃什么食物？肠炎不仅可引起腹痛或某些肠道症状，还可影响其他人体系统紊乱。例如，病人会感到发烧，而且一直没有办法减少发烧。这也是急性肠炎的常见症状。今天我们将学习肠炎热吃什么食物。事情是更好。肠炎发烧吃什么?急性肠炎吃什么:早期肠炎它是急性肠充血、水肿、炎症和渗出的阶段。此时肠道蠕动活跃或痉挛，消化吸收功能较弱。因此，在发病后8-12小时内，患者可以吃流质食物，如米粥、莲藕粉、蛋糊、细面条、炖细面条等。如果腹泻严重或出汗较多，患者还应适当多喝汤，如米汤、菜汤、果汁、淡盐开水等，以补充体内水分、维生素和电解质的不足。急性肠炎-肠炎改善期吃什么可给患者吃一些易消化、营养丰富的液体或半液体食物，如米粥、细面条、鸡蛋清汤、盐饼干等。建议少吃多餐，每天4-5次。需要注意的是，此时不宜喝牛奶，多吃糖，因为这些食物容易发酵进入肠道产生大量气体，引起腹胀和腹痛，增加患者的痛苦。此外，牛奶含有更多的脂肪，可以润滑肠道，促进肠道蠕动。它会增加肠道负担，不利于疾病的发生。急性肠炎恢复期吃什么由于胃肠道的变化，尤其是肠道的病理生理变化，此时的肠道对食物非常敏感。因此，应该特别注意饮食控制。饮食中应多吃轻、软、暖的食物，避免吃油腻、油炸、冷、硬的食物和多纤维的食物，如芹菜、韭菜、蒜苔等。恢复期后2-3天左右，可按正常饮食进食。此外，急性肠炎必须注意:1.禁止饮酒。2.禁止所有辛辣刺激性食物。3.少吃多吃。4.顺时针摸腹部。5.按时服药，听从医生的建议。6.注意锻炼。上面这篇文章为你详细介绍肠炎发烧吃什么食物好,发烧当人们没有任何食欲,所以最好是吃粥的时候发烧,或细面条,也适合病人喝一些汤,可以减轻水的损失。
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有限主義（）在數學哲學中是数学構成主義的極端形式，意即除非某數學物件能經過有限步從自然數中構造出來，否則便认为該事件便不存在。相反，大部分構成主義者容許可列集中存在无穷。对有限主義进行有限主义主张则是極端有限主義。
著名有限主義者利奧波德·克羅內克曾說：
雖然大部分現代有限主義者的觀點較弱，但他們的有限主義思想源頭都可以在克羅內克的作品找到。
参见
数学直觉主义
直觉主义类型理论
博弈语义学
构造性证明
数学哲学
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Bombus cullumanus, Cullum's bumblebee or Cullum's humble-bee. is a species of bumblebee found in Europe and Asia.
Description
The females (queen and workers) are black with red tails and usually with yellow hairs intermixed with the black on the collar and scutellum. The male is black with yellow face, the two anterior terga (abdominal segments) pale and with a red tail.
Distribution
The species was once found in southern England, southern Sweden, Denmark, north-western Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and northern France. Its distribution has diminished considerably, and it is restricted to the Massif Central and the Pyrenees. Some scientists, however, claim that this species is conspecific with other, Asian bumblebees, as B. serrisquama and B. apollineus (B. cullumanus serrisquama and B. cullumanus apollineus, respectively, when considered subspecies of B. cullumanus). The distribution for B. c. serrisquama is large but spotty; from the steppe of northern Spain over Hungary to the northern Altai and in the south the steppes of south-east Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Kirgiztan, and Afghanistan. Recently (1998), it has been found in north-eastern Turkey. B. c. apollineus is found in eastern Turkey, Transcaucasia and northern Iran.
Ecology
This bumblebee is predominantly a grassland species; the B. c. serrisquama subspecies, however, is a mountain bumblebee, living from above sea level.
References
Bumblebees
Insects described in 1802
Hymenoptera of Europe
Taxa named by William Kirby (entomologist)
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微笑抑郁是什么？微笑抑郁症是一种抑郁症。与其他抑郁症患者相比，抑郁症患者可以根据自己的毅力控制自己的情绪。这些患者即使非常疼痛也可以很好地隐藏，甚至可以保留它们。非常好的社交技巧，让别人错误地把它拿走。对于微笑的抑郁症患者，微笑实际上是一种掩盖。虽然他们表面看起来很开心，但他们心中常常遭受巨大的痛苦。在严重的情况下，他们甚至有自杀倾向。微笑抑郁症主要发生在地位高，学业能力强，事业成功的成功人士中。男性多于女性。这种人给人的印象是他们很有能力，但实际上他们像普通人一样困惑，痛苦，无助和悲伤，但他们不愿意与人交谈，以保持他们在面前的坚强面子外人。痛苦，压力，悲伤和悲伤的深刻积累。微笑抑郁症往往难以察觉，因为它非常隐匿，甚至患者自己也不知道自己抑制情绪，因此它们比普通抑郁症患者更有害，并且治疗与其他抑郁症相同。为了达到自杀的目的，患有严重抑郁症的自杀者试图有意识地掩盖他们痛苦的经历并且表现出强烈的微笑。为了达到自杀的目的，他们将配合医生的治疗和家庭护理，以避免医务人员。亲朋好友的关注。严重抑郁症患者突然“改善”情绪和“开放心态”可能是一个危险的信号，应该高度预防自杀。这些“微笑”的病人，在“微笑”之后，更是寂寞和孤独。他们的行为是以表现为导向，缺乏与他们的情感体验的内在一致性，并且难以表达他们的“真实”方面。对于患有抑郁症的人来说，它似乎在黑暗的森林里迷失了，非常困惑和恐惧。事实上，微笑抑郁并不可怕，只要你有勇气面对它，你就可以获胜。但是不要低估它，你无法逃脱它，解决问题是没用的。
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宁国路，安徽省合肥市的一条南北向道路，得名自宁国市。道路北起芜湖路正对安徽省图书馆，经南一环路、太湖路、望江东路、水阳江路后止于南二环路，其中南一环路以南亦称宁国南路。“畅通二环”工程将宁国路向西改道，使其正接望湖西路。宁国路沿路有合肥学院宁国路校区、合肥工业大学屯溪路校区、合肥工业大学附属中学、安徽省地质科学研究所、罍街公园等。宁国路也是合肥市知名的美食一条街，聚集了多家小龙虾连锁店。
相关条目
合肥市道路列表
参考文献
合肥道路
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巴西国家室内足球队，为巴西在室内足球项目上的国家代表队。巴西队是世界强队之一，曾获得4次世界杯室内足球赛的冠军。
参赛纪录
世界杯室内足球赛纪录
1989 – 冠军
1992 – 冠军
1996 – 冠军
2000 – 亚军
2004 – 季军
2008 – 冠军
南美室内足球锦标赛 record
1965 – 季军
1969 – 冠军
1971 – 冠军
1973 – 冠军
1975 – 冠军
1976年南美室内足球锦标赛1976 – 冠军
1977 – 冠军
1979 – 冠军
1983 – 冠军
1986 – 冠军
1989 – 冠军
1992 – 冠军
1995 – 冠军
1996 – 冠军
1997 – 冠军
1998 – 冠军
1999 – 冠军
Copa América – FIFA Futsal
2000 – 冠军
2003 – 亚军
2008 – 冠军
注释
國家五人制足球隊
巴西足球队
巴西體育國家隊
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Events from the year 1710 in Canada.
Incumbents
French Monarch: Louis XIV
British and Irish Monarch: Anne
Governors
Governor General of New France: Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil
Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
Governor of Nova Scotia: Samuel Vetch
Governor of Plaisance: Philippe Pastour de Costebelle
Events
The English recapture Acadia, this time permanently, and rename it Nova Scotia.
Francis Nicholson captures Port Royal for England.
The English take Port Royal and name it Annapolis Royal.
Three Mohawk chiefs and one Mahican are received in Queen Anne's court in England as the Four Kings of the New World.
Births
October 7 - François-Josué de la Corne Dubreuil, a soldier and trader. (died 1753)
July 23 - Jonathan Belcher, lawyer, chief justice, and lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia (died 1776)
Historical documents
Squadron of Royal Navy ships and transports with 2,000 troops takes Port Royal from French garrison
Speaking to Queen Anne in London, Mohican and Kanien’kéhà:ka chiefs request conquest of Canada for their better hunting and trade
Haudenosaunee "inconstant in their Tempers, crafty, timorous, but quick of Apprehension, and very ingenious in their Way" (Note: stereotypes)
Governor Dudley says taking Canada and Nova Scotia will capture naval stores trade entirely and safeguard inland settlement
Argument for autumn offensive against Canada includes benefits of fairer winds and higher (but still ice-free) water
Detailed list of armaments and personnel in Canada from Riviere du Loup to Cataraqui on Lake Ontario
"A malignant fever[...]was very general both in Quebec and in the surrounding country [and] carried off a vast number of persons"
France has encroached on Newfoundland trade to point that "their riches and naval power[...]make all Europe stand in fear of them"
Newfoundlanders' work in fishery and demand for goods is strong, but conditions "very deplorable" from lack of protection from French
Geography of Ferryland, Newfoundland makes it excellent prospect for fortification to protect "every ship, stage, house and storehouse"
Mayors of English towns report how many ships will go to Newfoundland this year, and how much Royal Navy protection will be needed
References
1710 in New France
1710s in Canada
Canada
10
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陳良翰可以指：
陳良翰，宋紹興五年進士。官至兵部侍郎、太子詹事兼侍講。
陳良翰 (羅江)，四川成都府綿州羅江縣人，弘治十八年進士。
liang
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内痔脱出多久会嵌顿？痔疮一种发病率非常高的肛肠疾病，这一疾病的发生严重影响到了患者的健康身体，更是会给他们的正常生活和工作带来了一定的困扰，如果一旦出现了痔疮嵌顿之后情况更加严重，为此在患上此病之后应该尽快的去接受正规治疗，以免发生严重后果。面对痔疮疾病的出现大家并不陌生了吧，痔疮的危害比较大，如果不及时的接受治疗，很可能会出现了更加严重的并发症，如果一旦出现痔疮嵌顿危害更加严重，这个时候一定要尽快的去接受正规治疗，以免让病情越来越严重。痔疮是一种发生在人们肛门部位的疾病，患者会有肛门肿物和大便出血的症状，这个疾病的发病人群是非常广泛的，给患者带来的伤害也是非常大的，为此在患上痔疮疾病之后应该尽快的去接受正规治疗，以免给身体健康带来了更加严重的伤害。痔疮嵌顿的产生危害性更是非常大，而且给患者带来的折磨也比较大，一旦嵌顿的部位越深，将会对患者的排便造成更加大的压力，这种情况会引发人们的痔疮坏死，一般情况下出现的时间是在七天左右，所以一定要引起高度重视。一旦患上痔疮会让人们的肛门部位受到损害，因为排便被肛门肿物挡住而影响到人们的排便行为，一旦痔疮生长的位置十分偏离是非常严重的，很容易出现了嵌顿的现象，痔疮嵌顿的发生很容易造成人们痔疮部位出现了变性坏死，痔疮嵌顿期间会引起了坏死的情况，这个时候大家一定要引起高度重视，及时的去预防痔疮嵌顿的发生，如果一旦过于嵌顿很容易造成了痔疮部位的细菌性感染，为此应该尽快去接受治疗。痔疮嵌顿的出现给我们健康身体造成的危害比较大，为此在平时日常生活当中，一旦患上痔疮嵌顿疾病应该尽快的去接受正规治疗，这样才能够让疾病早一些被治愈，治疗期间还应该注意做好相关的护理工作，饮食方面要以清淡为主，不可以吃刺激性的食物。
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新格拉本河（），是德國的河流，位於該國東南部，由巴伐利亞負責管轄，屬於美因河的右支流，河道全長6.1公里，流域面積17.6平方公里。
參考資料
Karte von Lauf und Einzugsgebiet des Neuen Grabens
Karte des Neuer-Graben-Einzugsgebietes
德國河流
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《獵魔士：血源》（），是一部美國，為改編自安傑·薩普科夫斯基同名小說系列的奇幻電視劇集《獵魔士》的前傳，由和主創，、和楊紫瓊主演。
該劇於2022年12月25日在Netflix首播，但整體評價不佳，主要批評該劇的劇本、角色設計、演員表現和過份偏離原著的設定改動。
演員
主演
飾演 艾拉（）：前普利西亞王國皇室親衞隊「鴉氏族」成員，後成為到處遊歷的吟遊詩人。
飾演 菲曜（）：克辛特雷雅皇室「犬氏族」成員和族長的兒子，與茉雯有私情。
飾演 茉雯（）：克辛特雷雅國王的妹妹，與菲曜有私情。
連尼·亨利 飾演 德魯伊·巴洛（）：出身貧寒的大賢者。
飾演 艾勒登（）：克辛特雷雅將軍。
飾演 亞斯克爾（）：曾與利維亞的傑洛特一同行動的吟遊詩人。
扎克·瓦耶特（） 飾演 辛卓（）：曾挖出古矮人石柱的古代巫師。
利澤·安妮斯（） 飾演 莎可雷（）：擅長解毒的巫師。
休氏·諾威利（） 飾演 卡蘭（）：想向帝國復仇的精靈。
飾演 梅朵（）：一心為亡妻報復的矮人。
艾米·莫瑞（） 飾演 芬里克（）：巴洛的聾耳徒弟。
蜜妮·卓芙 飾演 西柴爾（）：救起亞斯克爾的神秘人。
楊紫瓊 飾演 司劍（）：鬼族的劍術大師，艾拉的老師。
迪倫·莫蘭 飾演 烏斯洛克（）：司劍的同伴。
常設
飾演 奧維提（）：克辛特雷雅國王，茉雯之兄。
希夫圖·卡西姆（） 飾演 光之聲音（）
艾拉·史雷（） 飾演 伊斯琳（）：艾拉遊歷時認識的女孩。
奧齊奧馬·韋努（） 飾演 尼亞姆（）：艾拉的妹妹。
基姆·阿迪斯（） 飾演 凱特（）：茉雯的女僕。
凱莉·奎因（） 飾演 艾文尼安（）：伊斯琳之母。
卡琳娜·葛莉絲-帕塞達（） 飾演 塞特倫（）：「鴉氏族」首領，艾拉和尼亞姆之父。
托米辛·阿賈尼（） 飾演 奧利夫隊長（）
薩繆爾·布倫金（） 飾演 阿瓦拉赫（）：茉雯的師父。
飾演 拜爾恩（）：精靈商人，艾勒登的情人。
艾丹·奧卡拉漢（） 飾演 卡雷格（）：菲曜的亡兄。
扎哈里·哈特（） 飾演 萊弗爾（）
赫柏·比德索爾（） 飾演 卡特琳（）：率領叛軍的村民。
集數
製作
2020年7月，Netflix宣佈將會為改編自安傑·薩普科夫斯基同名小說系列的奇幻電視劇集《獵魔士》製作一部六集前傳迷你劇集，將出任主創和節目統籌。2021年1月，宣佈參演。同年3月，宣佈參演。透納-史密斯於同年4月因檔期衝突而退出劇組。同年7月，宣佈將會取代透納-史密斯擔任主演，而楊紫瓊亦加入演員陣容。同年8月，、連尼·亨利、和迪倫·莫蘭宣佈參演。
主體拍攝於2021年8月在英國展開，後移師到冰島取景，並在同年11月21日殺青。後期製作於同月開始進行。
評價
該劇在爛番茄上根據37條評論，持有30%的新鮮度，平均得分為5.3／10。該網站的普遍評價為「《獵魔士：血源》只淺淺地探索薩普科夫斯基筆下龐大的世界觀，該劇雖與《獵魔士》有著同樣的製作背景，卻不像後者般令人難忘」。Metacritic則根據15則評論，給予45／100的分數，評價屬「褒貶不一」。
IGN的大衛·格里芬（）讚揚該劇的特效製作和戰鬥場面，但認為該劇的反派不太有趣；《Polygon》的佐莎·米爾曼（）認為該劇過份俗氣，而且批評編劇並沒有考慮過真正令《獵魔士》爆紅的原因，只是希望創作更多相關作品賺錢；The Verge的安德魯·韋伯斯特（）認為該劇沒有像《獵魔士》的利維亞的傑洛特般令人印象深刻的主角，因此未能發揮應有的戲劇張力。《The Escapist》的達倫·穆尼（）以「糟糕的混亂」和「壯觀地偏離目標」來形容該劇，並批評幾個主要角色都非常沒趣。《偏鋒雜誌》的尼夫·M·蘇丹（）則批評該劇的劇本散亂和節奏過快，難以令觀眾投入。而數位間諜的戴維·奥佩（）批評該劇的整體演出表現令人沮喪。
參考資料
外部連結
2022年開播的美國電視影集
2022年停播的美國電視劇
2020年代美國劇情電視迷你劇
美國奇幻劇情電視劇
美國電視劇前傳
黑暗奇幻電視劇
Netflix英語原創節目
古典奇幻電視劇
劇情電視連續劇
魔法題材電視劇
改編自小說的電視劇
英國取景電視節目
冰島取景電視節目
獵魔人
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Glastonbury Tor is a tor near Glastonbury in the English county of Somerset, topped by the roofless St Michael's Tower, a Grade I listed building. The site is managed by the National Trust and has been designated a scheduled monument. The Tor is mentioned in Celtic mythology, particularly in myths linked to King Arthur, and has several other enduring mythological and spiritual associations.
The conical hill of clay and Blue Lias rises from the Somerset Levels. It was formed when surrounding softer deposits were eroded, leaving a hard cap of sandstone exposed. The slopes of the hill are terraced, but the method by which they were formed remains unexplained.
Archaeological excavations during the 20th century sought to clarify the background of the monument and church, but some aspects of their history remain unexplained. Artefacts from human visitation have been found, dating from the Iron Age to Roman eras. Several buildings were constructed on the summit during Saxon and early medieval periods; they have been interpreted as an early church and monks' hermitage. The head of a wheel cross dating from the 10th or 11th century has been recovered. The original wooden church was destroyed by an earthquake in 1275, and the stone Church of St Michael was built on the site in the 14th century. Its tower remains, although it has been restored and partially rebuilt several times.
Etymology
The origin of the name Glastonbury is unclear, but when the settlement was first recorded in the late 7th and early 8th centuries it was called . Of the latter name, Glestinga is obscure and may derive from an Old English word or Celtic personal name. It may derive from a person or kinship group named Glast. The second half of the name, , is Anglo-Saxon in origin and could refer to either a fortified place such as a burh or, more likely, a monastic enclosure.
Tor is an English word referring to "a bare rock mass surmounted and surrounded by blocks and boulders", deriving from the Old English . The Celtic name of the Tor was , or sometimes , meaning 'Isle of Glass'. At this time the plain was flooded, the isle becoming a peninsula at low tide.
Location and landscape
The Tor is in the middle of the Summerland Meadows, part of the Somerset Levels, rising to an elevation of . The plain is reclaimed fen above which the Tor is clearly visible for miles around. It has been described as an island, but actually sits at the western end of a peninsula washed on three sides by the River Brue.
The Tor is formed from rocks dating from the early Jurassic Period, namely varied layers of Lias Group strata. The uppermost of these, forming the Tor itself, are a succession of rocks assigned to the Bridport Sand Formation. These rocks sit upon strata forming the broader hill on which the Tor stands; the various layers of the Beacon Limestone Formation and the Dyrham Formation. The Bridport Sands have acted as a caprock, protecting the lower layers from erosion.
The iron-rich waters of Chalice Well, a spring at the base of the Tor, flow out as an artesian well impregnating the sandstone around it with iron oxides that have reinforced it to produce the caprock. Iron-rich but oxygen-poor water in the aquifer carries dissolved iron (II) "ferrous" iron, but as the water surfaces and its oxygen content rises, the oxidised iron (III) "ferric" iron drops out as insoluble "rusty" oxides that bind to the surrounding stone, hardening it.
The low-lying damp ground can produce a visual effect known as a Fata Morgana when the Tor appears to rise out of the mist. This optical phenomenon occurs because rays of light are strongly bent when they pass through air layers of different temperatures in a steep thermal inversion where an atmospheric duct has formed. The Italian term Fata Morgana is derived from the name of Morgan le Fay, a powerful sorceress in Arthurian legend.
Terraces
The sides of the Tor have seven deep, roughly symmetrical terraces, or lynchets. Their formation remains a mystery with many possible explanations. They may have been formed as a result of natural differentiation of the layers of Lias stone and clay or used by farmers during the Middle Ages as terraced hills to make ploughing for crops easier. Author Nicholas Mann questions this theory. If agriculture had been the reason for the creation of the terraces, it would be expected that the effort would be concentrated on the south side, where the sunny conditions would provide a good yield, but the terraces are equally deep on the northern side, which would provide little benefit. Additionally, none of the other slopes of the island has been terraced, even though the more sheltered locations would provide a greater return on the labour involved.
Other explanations have been suggested for the terraces, including the construction of defensive ramparts. Iron Age hill forts including the nearby Cadbury Castle in Somerset show evidence of extensive fortification of their slopes. The normal form of ramparts is a bank and ditch, but there is no evidence of this arrangement on the Tor. South Cadbury, one of the most extensively fortified places in early Britain, had three concentric rings of banks and ditches supporting an enclosure. By contrast, the Tor has seven rings and very little space on top for the safekeeping of a community. It has been suggested, that a defensive function may have been linked with Ponter's Ball Dyke, a linear earthwork about east of the Tor. It consists of an embankment with a ditch on the east side. The purpose and provenance of the dyke are unclear. It is possible that it was part of a longer defensive barrier associated with New Ditch, three miles to the south-west, which is built in a similar manner. It has been suggested by Ralegh Radford that it is part of a great Celtic sanctuary, probably 3rd century BC, while others, including Philip Rahtz, date it to the post-Roman period and link it to the Dark Age occupation on Glastonbury Tor. The 1970 excavation suggests the 12th century or later. The historian Ronald Hutton also mentions the alternative possibility that the terraces are the remains of a medieval "spiral walkway" created for pilgrims to reach the church on the summit, similar to that at Whitby Abbey.
Another suggestion is that the terraces are the remains of a three-dimensional labyrinth, first proposed by Geoffrey Russell in 1968. He states that the classical labyrinth (Caerdroia), a design found all over the Neolithic world, can be easily transposed onto the Tor so that by walking around the terraces a person eventually reaches the top in the same pattern. Evaluating this hypothesis is not easy. A labyrinth would very likely place the terraces in the Neolithic era, but given the amount of occupation since then, there may have been substantial modifications by farmers or monks, and conclusive excavations have not been carried out. In a more recent book, Hutton writes that "the labyrinth does not seem to be an ancient sacred structure".
History
Pre-Christian
Some Neolithic flint tools recovered from the top of the Tor show that the site has been visited, perhaps with a lasting occupation, since prehistory. The nearby remains of Glastonbury Lake Village were identified at the site in 1892, which confirmed that there was an Iron Age settlement in about 300–200 BC on what was an easily defended island in the fens. There is no evidence of permanent occupation of the Tor, but finds, including Roman pottery, do suggest that it was visited on a regular basis.
Excavations on Glastonbury Tor, undertaken by a team led by Philip Rahtz between 1964 and 1966, revealed evidence of Dark Age occupation during the 5th to 7th centuries around the later medieval church of St. Michael. Finds included postholes, two hearths including a metalworker's forge, two burials oriented north–south (thus unlikely to be Christian), fragments of 6th-century Mediterranean amphorae (vases for wine or cooking oil), and a worn hollow bronze head which may have topped a Saxon staff.
Christian settlement
During the late Saxon and early medieval period, there were at least four buildings on the summit. The base of a stone cross demonstrates Christian use of the site during this period, and it may have been a hermitage. The broken head of a wheel cross dated to the 10th or 11th century was found partway down the hill and may have been the head of the cross that stood on the summit. The head of the cross is now in the Museum of Somerset in Taunton.
The earliest timber church, dedicated to St Michael, is believed to have been constructed in the 11th or 12th century; from which post holes have since been identified. Associated monk cells have also been identified.
In 1243 Henry III granted a charter for a six-day fair at the site.
St Michael's Church was destroyed by an earthquake on 11 September 1275. According to the British Geological Survey, the earthquake was felt in London, Canterbury and Wales, and was reported to have destroyed many houses and churches in England. The intensity of shaking was greater than 7 MSK, with its epicentre in the area around Portsmouth or Chichester, South England.
A second church, also dedicated to St Michael, was built of local sandstone in the 14th century by the Abbot Adam of Sodbury, incorporating the foundations of the previous building. It included stained glass and decorated floor tiles. There was also a portable altar of Purbeck Marble; it is likely that the Monastery of St Michael on the Tor was a daughter house of Glastonbury Abbey.
St Michael's Church survived until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 when, except for the tower, it was demolished. The Tor was the place of execution where Richard Whiting, the last Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, was hanged, drawn and quartered along with two of his monks, John Thorne and Roger James. The three-storey tower of St Michael's Church survives. It has corner buttresses and perpendicular bell openings. There is a sculptured tablet with an image of an eagle below the parapet.
Post-dissolution
In 1786, Richard Colt Hoare of Stourhead bought the Tor and funded the repair of the tower in 1804, including the rebuilding of the north-east corner. It was then sold to the Very Rev. Hon. George Neville-Grenville and included in the Butleigh Manor until the 20th century. The last owner of the Tor was Robert Neville-Grenville who wished to give the Tor to the National Trust along with the Glastonbury Tribunal. After his death in 1936 it was sold to The National Trust who raised money by Public Subscription for its upkeep.
The National Trust took control of the Tor in 1937, but repairs were delayed until after the Second World War. During the 1960s, excavations identified cracks in the rock, suggesting the ground had moved in the past. This, combined with wind erosion, started to expose the footings of the tower, which were repaired with concrete. Erosion caused by the feet of the increasing number of visitors was also a problem and paths were laid to enable them to reach the summit without damaging the terraces. After 2000, enhancements to the access and repairs to the tower, including rebuilding of the parapet, were carried out. These included the replacement of some of the masonry damaged by earlier repairs with new stone from the Hadspen Quarry.
A model vaguely based on Glastonbury Tor (albeit with a tree instead of the tower) was incorporated into the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. As the athletes entered the stadium, their flags were displayed on the terraces of the model.
Mythology and spirituality
The Tor seems to have been called Ynys yr Afalon (meaning "The Isle of Avalon") by the Britons and is believed by some, including the 12th and 13th century writer Gerald of Wales, to be the Avalon of Arthurian legend. The Tor has been associated with the name Avalon, and identified with King Arthur, since the alleged discovery of his and Queen Guinevere's neatly labelled coffins in 1191, recounted by Gerald of Wales. Author Christopher L. Hodapp asserts in his book The Templar Code for Dummies that Glastonbury Tor is one of the possible locations of the Holy Grail, because it is close to the monastery that housed the Nanteos Cup.
With the 19th century resurgence of interest in Celtic mythology, the Tor became associated with Gwyn ap Nudd, the first Lord of the Otherworld (Annwn) and later King of the Fairies. The Tor came to be represented as an entrance to Annwn or to Avalon, the land of the fairies. The Tor is supposedly a gateway into "The Land of the Dead (Avalon)".
A persistent myth of more recent origin is that of the Glastonbury Zodiac, a purported astrological zodiac of gargantuan proportions said to have been carved into the land along ancient hedgerows and trackways, in which the Tor forms part of the figure representing Aquarius. The theory was first put forward in 1927 by Katherine Maltwood, an artist with interest in the occult, who thought the zodiac was constructed approximately 5,000 years ago. But the vast majority of the land said by Maltwood to be covered by the zodiac was under several feet of water at the proposed time of its construction, and many of the features such as field boundaries and roads are recent.
The Tor and other sites in Glastonbury have also been significant in the modern-day Goddess movement, with the flow from the Chalice Well seen as representing menstrual flow and the Tor being seen as either a breast or the whole figure of the Goddess. This has been celebrated with an effigy of the Goddess leading an annual procession up the Tor.
It is said that Brigid of Kildare is depicted milking a cow as a stone carving above one of the entrances to the tower.
See also
List of hillforts and ancient settlements in Somerset
List of National Trust properties in Somerset
1275 British earthquake
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Glastonbury Tor information at the National Trust
Glastonbury | The Camelot Project
Church ruins in England
Glastonbury
Grade I listed buildings in Mendip District
Hills of Somerset
Locations associated with Arthurian legend
Locations in Celtic mythology
National Trust properties in Somerset
Peaks dedicated to Michael (archangel)
Scheduled monuments in Mendip District
Former churches in Somerset
Footpaths in Somerset
Ruins in Somerset
Tourist attractions in Somerset
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请描述密集恐惧症的治疗方法？对密集恐惧症可进行暴露疗法，就是强迫患者接受造成其恐怖的事物。将患者骤然暴露于恐惧事物前，使其心理受到极大刺激，如果成功，会使患者创建起对恐惧印象的新认识，明白恐惧并无必要。然而必须搭配放松练习交互使用，使其得到纾解，否则会对患者心理造成二度伤害。另外一种是森田疗法，其基本治疗原则就是“顺其自然”，即接受和服从事物运行的客观法则，它能最终打破神经质病人的精神交互作用。除此之外，特别重症重度密集恐惧症患者还可进行药物控制，使用镇静药物。
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白蚀病早期症状？皮肤病是大家在日常生活当中常见的一种疾病，近些年白蚀病这一典型的皮肤病的发病率不断上升，这令大多数人都比较担忧。大家都知道白蚀病的主要症状是顽固性很强的白斑，早期是治愈的最好阶段，然而很多人对白蚀病早期较轻症状并不了解，这是不利于早发现早诊治的。那么，我们就来了解一下白蚀病的早期症状。每个人的身体机能和体制都是有差异的，个人身体的机能也影响了白蚀病的症状，患者们要以自己的病情为主。少数患者浅白色斑块较时间过长的不进展，较稳定。此种类型患者以女性为多。在临床治疗中，白蚀病浅白色斑块患者治疗不算太困难，及时早期治疗，浅白色斑块患者90%上面的可以治愈。白蚀病的白斑症状是深入人心的，细心的患者会发现早期白蚀病的白斑症状就已经有出现了，只是颜色不是特别重而已。按白色斑块颜色度量，此型色度为Ⅰ度，介于健康皮肤颜色与典范白蚀病Ⅱ度乳白色之间，但又不是乳白色，色素轻度脱落。四周界线不甚清楚，周边无色素带。少数患者病灶界线较明显。早期阶段，白蚀病的症状还有着白色斑块在数量上的变化和斑块面积上大小的变化，患者们要多加注意才好对症下药的治疗。此种类型患者多数发病时间长短不长，多属早期，活动性较明显，白蚀病症状常进展白斑向正常皮肤发展或有新的病灶表明，但进展速度有快有慢。只有自己才最了解自己的身体，所以大家一定要注意平时生活中身体各个机能给我们细微的信号。不要错过治愈的最佳期，上文我们给大家介绍了一些白蚀病的早期症状，希望大家注意观察自己身体产生的变化，积极预防和治疗。
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Aechmea caesia is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
Cultivars
Aechmea 'Sarah'
References
caesia
Flora of Brazil
Plants described in 1889
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《NU'EST W的L.O.Λ.E便當》（）於2018年8月27日首播，10月18日終映，共16集。由NU'EST官方V live頻道與YOCLUB X IDOL V live頻道共同播出，為韓國V live上獨家播放的網路綜藝節目。
NU'EST W為了報答粉絲L.O.Λ.E的愛，與KBS飲食紀錄片《料理人類》李旭正PD合作，親自準備「逆朝貢便當」，希望能傳達自己對L.O.Λ.E的心意。《NU'EST的L.O.Λ.E便當》將NU'EST W學習、準備L.O.Λ.E便當並配送的過程，如實地記錄下來。
播放頻道
NU'EST官方V live頻道與YOCLUB X IDOL V live頻道，每周星期一、四下午18:00（每集約20分鐘）共同播出。
各集內容
現場直播活動
前導影片
宣傳影片
參考資料
NU'EST
韓國綜藝節目
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WIWA (1270 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching format. Licensed to Eatonville, Florida, it serves the Greater Orlando radio market. The station is owned by Marc Radio Orlando, LLC. Some of its programs are simulcast with sister station WTMN 1430 AM Gainesville. The two stations have their radio studios and offices on NW 76th Drive in Gainesville.
By day, WIWA is powered at 25,000 watts. But at night, to protect other stations on 1270 AM from interference, it reduces power to 5,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna with a four-tower array. The transmitter is on Brengle Avenue at West New Hampshire Street in Orlando.Radio-Locator.com/WIWA
Programming
WIWA is a brokered programming station, where host pay for their time on the air and may use their shows to seek donations to their ministries. National religious leaders heard on WIWA and WTMN include Tony Evans, David Jeremiah, Rick Warren and James Dobson. Some hours begin with a news update from SRN News. From the Salem Radio Network, the stations also carry The Eric Metaxas Show.
History
WHIY and WORL
The station signed on the air in . The original call sign was WHIY. Its city of license was Orlando and it used the slogan "Radio Hi Fi". In 1962, it transitioned to a country music format.
From 1978 to 1986, the station switched call signs to WORL and adopted a full service, adult contemporary music format. It spent a brief period in 1979 with a Disco music format as “Studio 13” before returning to AC the same year. By 1986, WORL 1270 was known as "Power Hits ORL".
WBZS and WHBS
In 1987, the station dropped AC for R&B. In late 1988, with FM on the rise, the station dropped music altogether. It began a business news format as WBZS. This lasted about one year before a switch to Spanish language programming.
WBZS, despite its call letters representing the word "Business," continued airing Spanish language programming and served the Orlando Hispanic community for the next six years. In 1991, the call letters changed to WHBS.
WRLZ and WIWA
The station ran into financial problems and went dark in 1995. In 1996, it was revived under new ownership as WRLZ.
The station changed its call sign to WIWA on July 3, 2019. It began airing a Christian talk and teaching format, programmed along with sister station WTMN 1430 AM in Gainesville, Florida.
References
External links
WHIY music survey from August 26, 1967
IWA (AM)
IWA (AM)
Contemporary Christian radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1957
1957 establishments in Florida
IWA (FM)
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Colonial American military history is the military record of the Thirteen Colonies from their founding to the American Revolution in 1775.
Beginning when on August 29, 1643, the Plymouth Colony Court allowed & established a military discipline to be erected and maintained.
Rangers
Rangers in North America served in the 17th and 18th-century wars between colonists and Native American tribes. Regular soldiers were not accustomed to frontier warfare and so Ranger companies were developed. Rangers were full-time soldiers employed by colonial governments to patrol between fixed frontier fortifications in reconnaissance, providing early warning of raids. In offensive operations, they were scouts and guides, locating villages and other targets for task forces drawn from the militia or other colonial troops.
The father of American ranging is Colonel Benjamin Church (c. 1639–1718). He was the captain of the first Ranger force in America (1676). Church was commissioned by Plymouth Colony Governor Josiah Winslow to form the first ranger company for King Philip's War. He later employed the company to raid Acadia during King William's War and Queen Anne's War.
Benjamin Church designed his force primarily to emulate Native American patterns of war. Toward this end, he endeavored to learn from Native Americans how to fight like Native Americans. Americans became rangers exclusively under the tutelage of the Indian allies. (Until the end of the colonial period, rangers depended on Indians as both allies and teachers.) Church developed a special full-time unit mixing white colonists, selected for frontier skills, with allied Native Americans to carry out offensive strikes against hostile Native Americans in terrain where normal militia units were ineffective.
Under Church served the father and grandfather of two famous rangers of the eighteenth century: John Lovewell and John Gorham, respectively. Rogers' Rangers was established in 1751 by Major Robert Rogers, who organized nine Ranger companies in the American colonies. These early American light infantry units organized during the French and Indian War were called "Rangers" and are often considered to be the spiritual birthplace of the modern Army Rangers.
Provincial troops
Provincial troops were raised by the colonial governors and legislatures for extended operations during the French and Indian Wars. The provincial troops differed from the militia, in that they were a full-time military organization conducting extended operations. They differed from the regular British Army, in that they were recruited only for one campaign season at the time. These forces were often recruited through a quota system applied to the militia. Officers were appointed by the provincial governments. During the eighteenth century militia service was increasingly seen as a prerogative of the social and economic well-established, while provincial troops came to be recruited from different and less deep-rooted members of the community.
The first provincial forces in British North America were organized in the 1670s, when several colonial governments raised ranger companies for one year's paid service to protect their borders (see above). The major operations during King William's War were conducted by provincial troops from Massachusetts Bay. During Queen Anne's War provincial troops from Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Hampshire made up the bulk of the English forces. During King George's War the land forces that took Louisbourg were entirely supplied by Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. During the French and Indian War the British government in London took an increasingly more leading part, relegating the provincial troops to a non-combat role, largely as pioneers and transportation troops, while the bulk of the fighting was done by the regular British Army. However the contributions of Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island were essential.
Militia
The beginning of the United States military lies in local governments which created militias that enrolled nearly all free white men. The militia was not employed as a fighting force in major operations outside the local jurisdiction. Instead, the colony asked for (and paid) volunteers serving in ranger and other provincial troops (see above), many of whom were also militia members. The local Indian threat ended by 1725 in most places, after which the militia system was little used except for local ceremonial roles.
The militia system was revived at the end of the colonial era, as the American Revolution approached; weapons were accumulated and intensive training began. The militia played a major fighting role in the Revolution, especially in expelling the British from Boston in 1776 and capturing the British invasion force at Saratoga in 1777. However most of the fighting was handled by the Continental Army, comprising regular soldiers.
Indian wars
Military actions in the colonies were the result of conflicts with Native Americans in the period of the colonization by the settlers, such as the Pequot War of 1637, King Philip's War in 1675, the Susquehannock war in 1675–77, and the Yamasee War in 1715. Father Rale's War (1722–1725) happened in Maine and Nova Scotia. There also occurred slave uprisings, such as the Stono Rebellion in 1739. Finally, there was Father Le Loutre's War, which also involved Acadians, in the lead-up to the French and Indian War.
Dutch wars
Kieft's War was a conflict between Dutch settlers and Indians in the colony of New Netherland from 1643 to 1645. The fighting involved raids and counter-raids. It was bloody in proportion to the population; more than 1,600 natives were killed at a time when the European population of New Amsterdam was only 250.
Spanish wars
The British fought the Spanish in the War of Jenkins' Ear, 1739–1748. After 1742, the war merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession involving most of the powers of Europe. Georgia beat back a Spanish invasion of Georgia in 1742, and some sporadic border fighting continued. The war merged into King George's War, which ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
France and Britain at war
Beginning in 1689, the colonies also frequently became involved in a series of four major wars between England (later Britain) and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British won French Acadia (Nova Scotia), and the final French and Indian War (1754–1763), when France lost all of Canada. This final war gave thousands of colonists military experience, including George Washington, which they put to use during the American Revolution.
Britain and France fought a series of four French and Indian Wars, followed with another war in 1778 when France joined the Americans in the American Revolution. The French settlers in New France were outnumbered 15–1 by the 13 American colonies, so the French relied heavily on Indian allies.
The wars were long and bloody, causing immense suffering for everyone involved. In the long run, the Indians were the biggest losers; many were on the losing side, as Spain and France were defeated as thus could provide no further support to them. Frontier settlers were exposed to sudden Indian raids; many were killed or captured, and even more were forced back from the frontier. One profitable form of wartime activity in which colonists engaged was privateering—legalized piracy against enemy merchant ships. Another was hunting enemy Indians for the purpose of scalping them and claiming the cash bounty offered by colonial governments.
King William's War: 1689–1697
King William's War (1689–97) (also known as the "Nine Years' War") was a phase of the larger Anglo-French conflict which occurred in India as well as North America. New France and the Wabanaki Confederacy joined forces to launch several raids against New England settlements south of present-day Maine, whose border New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine.
Sir William Phips moved with his New England militia in 1690 to take the French strongholds at Port Royal and at Quebec, the latter commanded by Comte de Frontenac, the governor of New France. Phips conquered the capital of Acadia and various other communities in the colony (e.g., Battle of Chedabucto). (Present-day Maine and New Brunswick remained contested territories between New England and New France.) Phips's written ultimatum demanding Fontenac's surrender at Quebec prompted Frontenac to say that his reply would come only "from the mouths of my cannon and muskets."
The New England militia had to reckon with Quebec's formidable natural defenses, its superior number of soldiers, and the coming of winter, and Phips finally sailed back to Boston with his hungry, smallpox-ridden, and demoralized force. His failure shows a growing recognition of the need to replicate European combat techniques and to move closer to the war policy in London in order to achieve military success.
The Iroquois suffered heavily in King William's War and were brought into the French trading network, along with other western Indians. The colonists' treatment of Indian tribes after King Philip's War led directly the Wabanaki tribe's involvement in the war. It retained significant power relative to the colonists, unlike tribes in southern New England, and rejected attempts to exert authority over them. Treaties made during 1678–84 included concessions to Indian sovereignty, but such concessions were largely ignored in practice. Expanding settlements fueled tensions and led to Indian threats of a repeat of the violence of King Philip's War and offered an opportunity to the French, who formed several new alliances. The lack of stability and authority evidenced by the imprisonment of Governor Andros in 1689 combined with existing grievances and French encouragement led to Wabanaki attacks on settlements on the Northeast coast, a pattern that was repeated until the withdrawal of the French in 1763.
Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the colonial side of the War of the Spanish Succession which was fought primarily in Europe on European issues, The conflict also involved a number of American Indian tribes and Spain, which was allied with France.
Carolina governor James Moore led an unsuccessful attack in 1702 on St. Augustine, the capital of Spanish Florida, and led one of several raiding expeditions in 1704-6 that wiped out much of Florida's Indian population. Thomas Nairne, the Province of Carolina's Indian agent, planned an expedition of Carolinan militia and their Indian allies to destroy the French settlement at Mobile and the Spanish settlement at Pensacola. The expedition never materialized, but the Carolinans did supply their allies with firearms, which the Tallapoosas used in their siege of Pensacola. These warriors proved their effectiveness in combining native tactics and European arms, but the colonists failed to compensate them adequately and seriously underestimated their importance as the key to the balance of power in the southeastern interior. Consequently, the Tallapoosas and other tribes had shifted allegiance to the other side by 1716 and prepared to use what they had learned against South Carolina settlements.
The French and Wabanaki Confederacy sought to thwart the expansion of New England into Acadia, whose border New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine. Toward this end, they executed raids against targets in Massachusetts (including present-day Maine), starting with Northeast Coast Campaign.
In 1704, French and Indian forces attacked a number of villages and Deerfield, Massachusetts was prepared for an attack. The attack came during the night of 28 February 1704; much of the village was burned, many were killed, and others were taken captive. Seventeen of the captives were killed along the way to Canada, as they were injured and could not keep up, and starvation took additional lives.
Major Benjamin Church retaliated by raiding Acadia (see Raid on Grand Pre) and captured prisoners for ransom, the most famous Acadian captive being Noel Doiron. Eventually, 53 New England captives returned home, including one of the targets of the invaders, the Reverend John Williams. His accounts of the experience made him famous throughout the colonies.
South Carolina was especially vulnerable, and Charleston repulsed an attempted raid by French and Spanish fleets in the summer of 1706.
French privateers inflicted serious losses on New England's fishing and shipping industries. The privateering was finally curbed in 1710 when Britain provided military support to its American colonists resulting in the British Conquest of Acadia (which became peninsular Nova Scotia), the main base used by the privateers.
The war ended with a British victory in 1713. By the Treaty of Utrecht, Britain gained Acadia, the island of Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. France was required to recognize British influence in the Great Lakes region.
Following Queen Anne's War, relations deteriorated between Carolina and the nearby Indian populations, resulting in the Yamasee War of 1715. Father Rale's War a few years later, shifted power in the northeast.
Father Rale's War
War continued in Acadia, however. Father Rale's War (1722–1725), also known as Dummer's War, was a series of battles between New England and the Wabanaki Confederacy, who were allied with New France. After the New England Conquest of Acadia in 1710, mainland Nova Scotia was under the control of New England, but both present-day New Brunswick and virtually all of present-day Maine remained contested territory between New England and New France. New France established Catholic missions among the three largest native villages in order to secure their claim to the region: one on the Kennebec River (Norridgewock), one further north on the Penobscot River (Penobscot), and one on the St. John River (Medoctec).
The war began on two fronts when New England expanded through Maine and when New England established a settlement at Canso, Nova Scotia. Maine fell to the New Englanders with the defeat of Father Sébastien Rale at Norridgewock and the subsequent retreat of the Indians from the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers to St. Francis and Becancour, Quebec.
King George's War
King George's War (1744–48) was the North American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1745, naval and ground forces from Massachusetts captured the strategic French base on Cape Breton Island in the Siege of Louisbourg. During the war, the French made four attempts to regain Acadia by capturing the capital Annapolis Royal, the most famous attempt being the failed Duc d'Anville expedition. They regained fortress Louisbourg at the peace treaty.
The French led Indian allies in numerous raids, such as the one on Nov. 28, 1745 which destroyed the village of Saratoga, New York, killing and capturing more than one hundred of its inhabitants. The war merged into War of Jenkins' Ear against Spain and ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
Father Le Loutre's War
Within Acadia and Nova Scotia, Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755) began when the British founded Halifax. During Father Le Loutre's War, New France established three forts along the border of present-day New Brunswick to protect it from a New England attack from Nova Scotia. The war continued until British victory at Fort Beausejour, which dislodged Father Le Loutre from the region, thereby ending his alliance with the Maliseet, Acadians, and Mi'kmaq.
French and Indian War: 1754–1763
Provincial troops, as distinct from the militias, were raised by the thirteen colonial governments in response to annual quotas established by the British commanders-in-chief. These troops saw service in most campaigns and employment throughout North America during the Seven Years' War.
Pennsylvania
The war began in 1754 as Virginia militia led by Colonel George Washington advanced into French-held territory near modern-day Pittsburgh. Washington was captured at Fort Necessity after ambushing a French company and released. He returned with the 2,100 British regulars and American colonials under British General Edward Braddock, which was decisively destroyed at the Battle of the Monongahela in July 1755.
Acadia / Nova Scotia
Despite the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, Acadia/ Nova Scotia remained dominated by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq. The British did not make a concerted military effort to control the region until 1749 when they founded Halifax, which sparked Father Le Loutre's War. The French and Indian War spread to the region with a British victory in the Battle of Fort Beauséjour (1755). Immediately after this battle the New England and British forces engaged in numerous military campaigns aimed at securing their control of the region.
New York
Upper New York Province: 8 September 1755 and Commander William Johnson leading in the 'Battle of Lake George' (formerly known as Lac du saint Sacrement) Battle of Lake George.
British defenders at Fort William Henry (at the southern end of Lake George) were surrounded by an overwhelming French force and their Indian allies from many tribes in August 1757. The British surrendered to the French after being offered terms that included protection from the Indians. Nonetheless, the Indian warriors' customs permitted the enslavement of some captured enemy soldiers and the scalping of others, and they ignored French efforts to prevent the massacre. They killed or captured hundreds of the surrendered force, including women and children. Some of those scalped had smallpox, and the scalps were brought to numerous Indian villages as trophies, where they caused an epidemic that killed thousands of Indians.
In early July 1758, British General James Abercromby with a force of over 15,000 attacked General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and his garrison of 3,500 French and Canadian troops at Fort Carillon, which overlooked Lake Champlain. The British had 44 cannons, the heaviest weighing more than 5,000 pounds. The fort was later called Ticonderoga by the British, and it controlled access to French Canada. Abercromby's force included 5,825 red-coated British regulars, including the Royal Highlanders. He had 9,000 colonial soldiers from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and New Jersey. Some 400 Mohawk warriors joined in. Abercromby's attack became disorganized and he suffered the worst British defeat of the war, with over 2,000 killed. He retreated and the campaign ended in failure.
Louisbourg
Meanwhile, Lord Jeffery Amherst captured the great French stronghold of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island (now part of Nova Scotia). Amherst's large British naval force of over 170 ships and 13,000 men came under furious attack by French defenders until British General James Wolfe found a safe landing spot out of sight of the French. The ultimately successful siege lasted seven weeks. With the fall of Louisbourg, the Acadians were soon expelled from Acadia to places such as France and Louisiana.
Canada
In London, Prime Minister William Pitt named Amherst as his new commander-in-chief of North America for 1759. The Louisbourg victory opened the St. Lawrence River to the British, and Amherst devised a three-pronged attack against French Canada: a push up the St. Lawrence to attack Quebec, another northward invasion from Albany by way of lakes George and Champlain, and pressure against the French in the west at Fort Niagara. The 1759 battle for Quebec City was fought on the Plains of Abraham and decided the future of Canada, as British forces under General James Wolfe defeated the French army of General Louis-Joseph Montcalm. Both generals were killed.
Legacy
Anderson (2006) suggests that the war played a pivotal precipitating role in the American Revolution. He believes that the United States managed to become a nation through the influence of this war, and suggests that it should perhaps be known as "the War That Made America."
The Fort William Henry massacre has shaped American cultural attitudes toward Indians. It was only one of many episodes of indiscriminate bloodshed and captive-taking and deranged relations between Indians and American colonists. Even in Pennsylvania, a colony that had never known an Indian war before 1755, resentment against Indians became something like a majority sentiment by 1764. Most Indian groups sided with the British in the Revolutionary War, and the animosity only grew.
American novelist James Fenimore Cooper wrote The Last of the Mohicans in 1826, a widely read novel that was adapted for several Hollywood films. Cooper refers to the dangerous "savages" and shows their willingness to kill. The book creates a lasting impression of the untrustworthiness and dangerousness of Indians in general, according to Michael Hilger. One long-standing theme in American popular culture has portrayed the Indians as revenge-seeking savages looking to scalp their enemies.
The victory of Wolfe over Montcalm was a decisive moment in shaping the self-image of English-Canadians, while Francophone Canada has refused to allow commemorations.
Pontiac's War
In 1760, British commander Lord Amherst abruptly ended the distribution of gifts of ironware, weapons, and ammunition to the Indians, a French practice that the Indians had become dependent upon. Chief Pontiac (1720–1769) was a chief of the Ottawa tribe who assumed leadership in the Detroit area; other chiefs in the loose confederation of tribes directed attacks on all British forts in the Great Lakes area in the spring of 1763. Eight outposts were overrun, and British supply lines were cut across Lake Erie; Indian sieges failed at Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt. At this point, news arrived of the complete French capitulation and withdrawal from North America, and the Indian initiative quickly collapsed. Few American military units were involved, as British regulars handled the action. The British Crown issued a proclamation in October 1763 forbidding American settlers to enter Indian territory west of the Appalachian Mountains, hoping to minimize future conflict and laying plans for an Indian satellite state in the Great Lakes region.
By ejecting the French from North America, the British victory made it impossible for the Iroquois and other native groups to play off rival European powers against one another. The Indians who had been allied with France realized their weak position when Amherst cancelled the gift-giving. They reacted quickly to Britain's abrupt changes in the terms of trade and suspension of diplomatic gift giving, launching an offensive aimed at driving British troops from their forts and sending raiding parties that caused panic as American refugees fled east. The Indian coalition forced the British authorities to rescind the offending policies and renew giving gifts. By 1764, the various tribes came to terms with Britain, and Indian leaders realized that their ability to organize and wage war was not as powerful as it had once been. Without a competing European power to arm and supply them, they simply could not keep fighting once they ran out of gunpowder and supplies.
The Proclamation of 1763 angered American settlers eager to move west; they largely ignored it, and saw the British government as an ally of the Indians and an obstacle to their goals. As Dixon (2007) argues, "Frustrated by their government's inability to contend with the Indians, back country settlers concluded that the best way to insure security was to rely on their own devices". Such actions eventually pushed them into direct conflict with the British government and ultimately proved one of the main forces leading to backcountry support for the American Revolution.
See also
Military history of the United States
French and Indian Wars
References
Further reading
Allison, William Thomas, Jeffrey Grey, and Janet G. Valentine. American Military History (Routledge, 2016), Ch 1.
Anderson, Fred. The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (2006), excerpt and text search
Beattie, Daniel J. (1986). “The Adaptation of the British Army to Wilderness Warfare, 1755-1763”, Adapting to Conditions: War and Society in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Maarten Ultee (University of Alabama Press), 56–83.
Campbell, Alexander V. The Royal American Regiment: An Atlantic Microcosm, 1755–1772 (U of Oklahoma Press, 2014).
Chet, Guy. “The Literary and Military Career of Benjamin Church: Change or Continuity in Early American Warfare,” Historical Journal of Massachusetts 35:2 (Summer 2007): 105-112
Chet, Guy (2003). Conquering the American Wilderness: The Triumph of European Warfare in the Colonial Northeast. University of Massachusetts Press.
Drenth, Wienand and Jonathon Riley. The First Colonial Soldiers: A Survey of British overseas territories and their garrisons, 1650 - 1714. Volume 2: The Americas and the Caribbean (Eindhoven: Drenth Publishing, 2015)
Ferling, John E. Struggle for a Continent: The Wars of Early America (1993), to 1763
Gallay, Alan, ed. Colonial Wars of North America, 1512–1763: An Encyclopedia (1996) excerpt and text search
Grenier, John. The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814 (Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Leach, Douglas Edward. Arms for Empire: A Military History of the British Colonies in North America, 1607–1763 (1973)
Lee, Wayne E. "Fortify, Fight, or Flee: Tuscarora and Cherokee Defensive Warfare and Military Culture Adaptation." Journal of Military History (2004) 68.3 pp: 713–770. in Project MUSE
Little, Ann. Abraham in Arms: War and Gender in Colonial New England (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007)
Martin, James Kirby, and Mark Edward Lender. A Respectable Army: The Military Origins of the Republic, 1763-1789 (John Wiley & Sons, 2015).
Martino, Gina M. Women at War in the Borderlands of the Early American Northeast (University of North Carolina Press, 2018).
Pargellis, Stanley McCrory. “Braddock’s Defeat”, American Historical Review 41 (1936): 253–269.
Pargellis, Stanley McCrory (1933). Lord Loudoun in North America. Yale University Press.
Peckham, Howard H. The Colonial Wars (1965), excerpt and text search
Rodger, N. A. M. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815 (2006)
Starkey, Armstrong. European and Native American Warfare 1675-1795 (Routledge, 2002)
Warren, Jason W. Connecticut Unscathed: Victory in the Great Narragansett War, 1675–1676 (U of Oklahoma Press, 2014).
Zelner, Kyle F. A Rabble in Arms: Massachusetts Towns and Militiamen during King Philip's War (New York: New York University Press, 2009) excerpt and text search
Historiography and memory
Blackburn, Marc K. Interpreting American Military History at Museums and Historic Sites (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).
Carp, E. Wayne. "Early American Military History: A Review of Recent Work," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 94 (1986) 259–84
Grenier, John. "Recent Trends in the Historiography on Warfare in the Colonial Period (1607–1765)." History Compass (2010) 8#4 pp: 358–367. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00657.x
External links
"WWW-VL: HISTORY: USA: COLONIAL ERA" links to hundreds of primary and secondary documents, maps and articles
Colonization history of the United States
Military history of Canada
18th-century conflicts
Colonial United States (British)
Colonial United States (French)
Colonial United States (Spanish)
Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
Wars involving France
Wars involving Great Britain
Wars involving England
Wars involving Spain
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瑟爾巴赫河（），是德國的河流，位於該國中部，由黑森州負責管轄，屬於比伯河的右支流，流經美因-金齊希縣，河道全長0.8公里，流域面積1.6平方公里。
參考資料
Gewässerkartendienst des Hessischen Ministeriums für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (Hinweise)
德國河流
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Ford Rowan was a television reporter for NBC News and panelist on Meet the Press during the 1970s and early 1980s. During his tenure with the network, he covered mostly military and security-related issues. Rowan also served as an adjunct professor at the Washington bureau of the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.
After leaving NBC, he hosted a discussion program featuring foreign television journalists stationed in the U.S., International Edition, produced by the Maryland Center for Public Broadcasting (now Maryland Public Television) for PBS.
In 1984, Rowan left the journalistic field to found, with partner Richard Blewitt, Rowan and Blewitt, a consulting firm that advises companies on public relations crises. Rowan is based out of Annapolis, Maryland.
External links
Rowan & Blewitt website
Ford Rowan’s personal website
Year of birth missing (living people)
NBC News people
American television reporters and correspondents
Living people
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教宗若望八世（；）本名不可考，於872年12月14日至882年12月16日岀任教宗。882年遭到殺害身亡。
事蹟
876年曾致信給禿頭查理要求出兵抵禦薩拉森人的入侵未果，877年召見拿坡里與阿馬爾菲等國家的代表，希望他們不要與伊斯蘭教勢力結盟同樣未果，拿坡里的執政官甚至將反伊斯蘭教勢力的主教挖出雙眼摒下獄，若望八世最後以一年內不得掠奪義大利西海岸為條件，向薩拉森海盜支付2.5萬枚銀幣乞和，未料879年春薩拉森海盜重新掃蕩教宗的領地，若望八世曾以神聖羅馬帝國之加冕禮利誘義大利王查理三世、法蘭克王與德意志王，然而三位均未回應他的出兵要求，並呼籲羅馬以南的海港城市加入抗擊薩拉森人的同盟，原先有阿馬爾菲回應其呼籲卻因為金額的部份而未果，若望八世甚至致信給拜占庭帝國的皇帝巴西爾，結果拜占庭戰敗逃回君士坦丁堡。
譯名列表
若望八世：天主教香港教區禮儀委員會：禧年專頁 、香港天主教教區檔案 歷任教宗、《大英簡明百科知識庫》2005年版、國立編譯舘 作若望。
约翰八世：《世界人名翻譯大辭典》1993年版作約翰。
參考文獻
J
J
義大利出生的教宗
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请描述广泛性焦虑障碍的预后方法？惊恐发作起病突然，呈间歇发作。广泛性焦虑症起病缓慢，病程多迁延数年之久。往往无明显诱因。许多患者常记不起何时开始出现症状，认为从小就是如此;在其一生中从来就没有不焦虑的时候。较惊恐障碍的病程更为漫长，且较少自发缓解。起病年龄越早，焦虑症状越重，社会功能也较多受到损害。有关预后的研究结论大相径庭，可能是样本不同之故。有的认为痊愈和好转率占75%，有的认为占50%以下。但是，尽管病人症状迁延不愈，但不会导致精神残疾和社会功能丧失。值得注意的是，焦虑症的自杀要予以关注，有的学者认为焦虑症的自杀并非是个别现象。
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馬王場遺址位於重慶市大渡口區、九龍坡區馬王場及桃花溪流域，文物遺址年代為舊石器，2009年12月15日列為第二批重慶市文物保護單位。
註釋
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肢体发凉的诊断是什么？以脊背、四肢、关节或足底、脚背出现局部筋膜、肌肉、皮肤温度降低,发凉、冷痛等为主要症状。
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拉喬亞區（），是秘魯的一個區，位於該國南部阿雷基帕大區的阿雷基帕省，始建於1952年3月25日，面積670.22平方公里，海拔高度1,620米，2005年人口22,513，人口密度每平方公里34人。
參考資料
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Banco de Información Distrital. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
秘魯行政區
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老年人前列腺增生症的鉴别诊断？临床须与逼尿肌功能障碍，前列腺癌、膀胱颈梗阻相鉴别。
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Freak of Nature is the self-titled debut album by American hard rock / heavy metal band Freak of Nature, released on March 29, 1993. The band features former White Lion vocalist Mike Tramp who formed Freak of Nature following White Lion's last album release The Best of White Lion in 1992.
Background and recording
The album was produced by Phil Kaffel and recorded at the Plant Studios in Sausalito, California and although the record, released through Music For Nations, did not shift in large quantities Freak of Nature's relentless work ethic brought in many admirers. The band toured for eight months in support of the album, playing a mixture of headlining shows, mainly in Britain, including gigs at the Roskilde Festival on July 2, and support slots for Helloween in September and Dio in November.
Release and promotion
"Rescue Me" was released as the lead single for the album and "Turn the Other Way" was also released as a promo single. Both singles featured music videos.
"Possessed" and "Are You Ready?," were co-written with original guitarist Oliver Steffensen before he left the band and was replaced by Dennis Chick. Steffensen and Tramp had written four other songs, "Blame It on the Fool," "One Love," "Disturbing the Peace," and "Back Where You Belong," which were later released on Outcasts.
Tramp remarked that the producer Phil Kaffel "captured the raw energy" of the band perfectly and recorded them entirely live in less than a week, which he said was a very different way of producing than his work with White Lion.
A concert from the supporting tour was released on DVD in 2004 titled "Freak of Nature: Live in Japan 1993".
The album is dedicated to Tramp's son Dylan and Thin Lizzy vocalist Phil Lynott.
Track listing
"Turn the Other Way"
"What Am I"
"Rescue Me"
"'92"
"People"
"World Doesn't Mind"
"Possessed"
"Where Can I Go"
"If I Leave"
"Love Was Here"
"Are You Ready" (Japanese bonus track)
Personnel
Mike Tramp – vocals
Dennis Chick – lead guitar
Kenny Korade – rhythm guitar
Jerry Best – bass guitar
Johnny Haro – drums
References
1993 debut albums
Freak of Nature (band) albums
Music for Nations albums
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-{丑}-是地支之一，通常當為地支的次位，其前為子、其後為寅。-{丑}-月从小寒（公历1月6±1日）当日开始到立春（公历2月4±1日）前一天为止，大致為農曆十二月，-{丑}-時為二十四小時制的01:00至03:00，在方向上指東北偏北。五行裡-{丑}-代表土，陰陽學說裡-{丑}-為陰。
-{丑}-有中樞樞紐之意，同時在〈說文解字〉中，丑被解釋為「萬物動」，因此亦指植物種子裡的芽剛產生並且伸長的狀態。在後世，人們為了便於記憶，因此將每一地支順序對應每一生肖，所以-{丑}-與十二生肖的牛搭配，在二十八宿的對應是牛宿（牛金牛）。
含-{丑}-的干支
乙-{丑}-
丁-{丑}-
己-{丑}-
辛-{丑}-
癸-{丑}-
支02
支02
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（学名：Aventiola）为裳蛾科的一个属。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
参考文献
Y
Y
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采西斯（，，，，），位于拉脱维亚中北部的北部的高亚河河谷，是采西斯市鎮的行政中心。是2014年欧洲文化之都的候选城市。（当年同为拉脱维亚城市的里加当选。）
历史
早期历史
十一世纪，一支叫温迪的部落来到并定居在这里，建造了一个山地木制防御城堡。现在，木制城堡的遗迹仍保留在城堡公园中，包括一个18米高的土质高台和部分防御工事的遗迹。
利沃尼亚时期
1206年，温迪皈依基督教，这里成为利沃尼亚的土地。1209年，来自德意志的十字军宝剑骑士团在木制城堡附近建立了文登（Wenden）堡。1237年，苏勒战役之后，宝剑骑士团崩溃，幸存的骑士团成员被并入条顿骑士团，并形成一个独立的分支，被称为利沃尼亚骑士团，而这里成为了骑士团的主要驻地。1280年，在利沃尼亚韵律诗编年史中，记载了采西斯民兵与里加守卫为共同对抗萨莫吉希亚，使用红色和白色相见的旗帜的事迹。
从13世纪后半期开始，逐渐形成了城堡城镇。在1383年的记载中，文登就已经是拥有三座防御塔，四座大门，以及完整城墙拱卫的城市了。1413年，旅行家将文登描述为一个大型城市：“在利沃尼亚，我从一个城市到另一个城市的旅行，见到了许多属于骑士团的宫殿、防御设施和城堡。其中有一个叫做文登的大型城市，它里面也有防御设施和城堡。”
1481年，莫斯科入侵利沃尼亚，利沃尼亚将驻地迁往距离莫斯科更远的里加，存储在文登堡的财宝和重要文件也被转移至里加城堡，自此文登不再是利沃尼亚的驻地。1494年，成为利沃尼亚骑士团团长，在他的统治之下文登城繁荣了40余年。
北方战争和波兰、瑞典、俄国时期
立窝尼亚战争期间，波兰-瑞典联军与俄国人在文登展开了激烈的争夺。伊凡四世加冕为利沃尼亚国王，企图利用傀儡政权控制波罗地。1577年8月末，伊凡进军文登。马格努斯因为与伊凡产生争执，退避此地。在俄军包围下，文登城堡里的三百男女引爆四吨火药集体自杀。文登城破之后，马格努斯被伊凡囚禁，放弃了“立窝尼亚国王”之衔。1578年初，瑞典-波兰联军夺回了文登，到了9月，约18000人组成的俄国军队再次包围文登，但这次文登没有陷落，俄军伤亡惨重，是为利沃尼亚战争的转折点。
1598年，文登与立窝尼亚一起被合并进入波兰-立陶宛联邦，成为文登省的首府。1625年，期间，文登被瑞典占领，成为了瑞典的领土，城建被毁。1703年在大北方战争中又被俄军占领，成为俄国领土，城堡被摧毁，之后一直未曾修缮。1748年，文登城经历了一场大火，烧毁了大部分城建。
1777年，文登城堡庄园被购买，他在旧城堡的东侧建造新的城堡（今采西斯历史博物馆）作为宅邸。1812年开始，文登堡遗址公园开始对外展出，直到现在依然对游客开放。
拉脱维亚时期
1918年，第一次世界大战结束，拉脱维亚独立，文登以拉脱维亚语定名采西斯。1941年7月5日，纳粹德军占领了采西斯，1944年9月26日，苏联红军占领了采西斯。1991年8月21日，采西斯随拉脱维亚独立。
经济
如今，采西斯是一个旅游城市。旅游业是采西斯最重要的经济来源。2009年，有4.05万名游客造访了采西斯。
气候
采西斯的气候类型为温带大陆性湿润气候，冬季寒冷漫长，夏季温暖短暂，根据柯本气候分类法归类为Dfb型。
友好城市
德国阿希姆
立陶宛阿利图斯
丹麦腓特烈斯贝
瑞典东约特兰省
拉脱维亚艾纳日
爱沙尼亚拉克韦雷
立陶宛罗基什基斯
瑞典蒂勒瑟市
意大利韦纳夫罗
波兰康斯坦钦-耶焦尔纳
意大利瓦雷泽
乌克兰若夫克瓦
俄罗斯塔拉
参考资料
C
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is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a left back for J1 League club Urawa Red Diamonds.
Career statistics
Club
.
Honours
Club
Urawa Red Diamonds
AFC Champions League: 2022
References
External links
Profile at Urawa Red Diamomds
2001 births
Living people
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
J1 League players
Sagan Tosu players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Sportspeople from Fukuoka Prefecture
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歐洲議會委員會的成立目的是幫助歐盟執委會制定法律提案。
常務委員會是由選民直選選出的歐洲議會議員所組成。每個委員會內設有一位主席和三位副主席，並設有替代委員（Substitute Member）。
委員會主席會從全體委員會成員或永久替代委員中選派報告人（Rapporteur），負責匯編報告。
立法報告
在立法提案或起草過程中，歐盟執委會會透過共同決議程序（Codecision procedure）與各委員會進行磋商，委員會則會透過撰擬報告、提出修正案的方式向執委會提出建議，如有必要，也會提出決議草案。
若修正案有至少十分之一的委員反對，則該修正案將在下次委員會開會時全體表決。
同樣的，除非有至少十分之一的委員反對，否則委員會可以不提出修正案，直接通過執委會的提案。
非立法報告
委員會也會撰擬非立法報告。指定的報告員負責編寫報告，代表委員會將報告呈遞給歐洲議會。報告必須包含決議案動議、說明文件，還必須概述財政影響。
自發報告
委員會也可以根據其權限撰寫報告，不必透過協商。這種報告稱為「自發報告」（Own-Initiative Reports），用來提出決議案的動議。
在制定自發報告之前，委員會必須獲得主席會議（Conference of Presidents）的同意。主席會議有兩個月的決議時間，若是不同意，理由必須加以說明。
委員會的共同合作
在起草報告時，委員會可能會針對該主題向其他委員會徵詢意見，尤其是提出的修正草案關係到其他委員會時。被徵詢意見的委員會將在最終報告中註明。有時主導的委員會（主要委員會）會邀請與該主題相關的委員會（次要委員會）主席和起草人參與討論並徵詢意見。
次要委員會所提出的修正案將由負責制定報告的主要委員會投票表決。
如果主席會議決定報告由兩個委員會共同負責，則兩個委員會須制定共同時間表，並一起負責報告的撰寫。
常務委員會列表
資料來自2007年10月
臨時委員會
歐洲議會可隨時成立臨時委員會，期間不能超過一年。曾經成立的臨時委員會有：
指控中央情報局利用歐洲國家進行運送和非法拘捕罪犯的臨時委員會。
調查英國壽險公司 發生危機的臨時委員會。
2007年4月25日，議員投票通過成立氣候變化臨時委員會。委員會有一年的時間針對歐盟未來的氣候變化政策提出建議，協調歐洲議會在該領域的立場，評估氣候變化最新的跡象和預估行動所需的經費。
代表團
歐洲議會議員也會組成代表團，前往歐盟以外的各個議會，並與歐盟候選國成立聯合議會委員會（Joint parliamentary committee）。非洲、加勒比海和太平洋地區-歐盟聯合議會大會（ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly）、歐洲-拉丁美洲議會大會（Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly） 和歐洲-地中海議會大會（Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly）也有代表團派駐。
會議主席
議會的兩大團體是委員會主席會議（Conference of Committee Chairmen）和代表團主席會議（Conference of Delegation Chairmen）。他們可向主席會議提出建議。另外，主席會議與歐洲議會事務處（Bureau）可指派他們實行特定任務。
注釋
外部連結
官方網站
委員會委員名單
歐洲議會程序規定
歐洲議會的代表團列表
欧洲议会
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Dunellen High School (DHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Dunellen in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Dunellen Public Schools.
As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 349 students and 33.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1.
History
The high school was completed in Fall 1935 by the Public Works Administration as part of a project costing $80,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) and was scheduled to have an enrollment of 675, of which 20% came from Piscataway. Prior to the completion of the district's own high school, students from Dunellen had attended Plainfield High School (in place from 1906 until 1925) and then Bound Brook High School (from 1925 to 1935). Over the years, the high school also accepted students from Green Brook Township, Manville and Middlesex.
Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 132nd-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 112th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 110th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 166th in its 2008 rankings out of 316 schools statewide. The school was ranked 147th in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school 147th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (an increase of 92 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the mathematics (85.7%) and language arts literacy (92.2%) components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA).
The school was the 36th-ranked high school in New Jersey in the 2014 U.S. News & World Report Rankings of Best High Schools.
Extracurricular activities
Dunellen has a wide variety of other activities to choose from, including the Biology Club, Chess Club, Chess Team, Choir, Concert band, Marching band, National Art Honor Society, National Honor Society, Drama Club, Exodus, French Club, Spanish Club, Jazz band, Madrigals, Math League, Thespian Society and The Spectrum.
Athletics
The Dunellen High School Destroyers compete in the Greater Middlesex Conference, comprised of public and private high schools located in the greater Middlesex County area, operating under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 285 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group II for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 75 to 476 students in that grade range. The football team competes in Division 1B of the Big Central Football Conference, which includes 60 public and private high schools in Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union and Warren counties, which are broken down into 10 divisions by size and location. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group I South for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 200 to 463 students.
The school participates in a joint wrestling team with Middlesex High School as the host school / lead agency. The co-op program operates under agreements scheduled to expire at the end of the 2023–24 school year.
The boys basketball team won the Group I state championships in 1943 (defeating runner-up Egg Harbor Township High School in the tournament final), 1946 (vs. Keyport High School) and 1959 (vs. Glen Ridge High School). The 1943 team won the Group I state championship after defeating Roxbury High School 35-31 in the semifinals and then moving on to beat Egg Harbor Township by a score of 43-20 in the playoff finals at Seton Hall.
The 1993 football team finished the season with a 10-0-1 record after winning the NJSIAA Central Jersey Group I state sectional title with a 12-3 victory against Metuchen High School in the championship game. The Destroyers have made eight appearances to the Central Jersey Group I state final. Dunellen is placed in the Gold Division of the Greater Middlesex Conference for football. Dunellen ended its Thanksgiving Day rivalry with Middlesex High School in 2019, after 21 games in the annual series.
Administration
The school's principal is Paul Lynch. His core administration team includes the vice principal.
References
External links
Dunellen High School
Dunellen Public Schools
School Data for the Dunellen Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
1935 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1935
Dunellen, New Jersey
Public high schools in Middlesex County, New Jersey
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龍菩提菩薩，是龍樹菩薩的著名弟子之一。
在中國和西藏，都有關於這位菩薩的傳記，例如在《大唐西域記》中曾記載，玄奘大師當時去南印度時，在森林當中遇到這位年事甚高的大師，玄奘大師還曾跟隨他學習。另外一些文獻也曾提及，有一位曾經到過藏地、翻譯過許多典籍的印度大師善無畏，曾經跟隨法護論師學習，當時法護論師叮囑他去南印度和龍菩提菩薩學習密法。歷史記載這位菩薩非常的長壽。
菩薩
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白沙山位於中國浙江省舟山市普陀區。前白沙鄉政府曾駐於島上。
島上地勢平坦，最高點海拔82米，南北長2.5公里，東西闊1.8公里。
氣候
島上氣候溫和，全年平均氣溫為°C，最暖的七月平均°C，最冷的一月平均°C。年均降雨為毫米，最潮濕的六月為毫米，最乾旱的一月為毫米。
註
參考資料
舟山群岛
普陀区 (舟山市)
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The Barony Hall, (formerly the Barony Church), is a deconsecrated church building located on Castle Street in the Townhead area of Glasgow, Scotland, near Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow Royal Infirmary and the city's oldest surviving house, Provand's Lordship. It is built in the red sandstone Victorian neo-Gothic-style. The original or Old Barony Church was built as a part of the Barony Parish in Glasgow by architect, James Adams. It opened in 1799 and served ceremonial and other congregational purposes. The replacement for the old building was designed by J. J. Burnet & J. A. Campbell and raised in 1889, and incorporated architectural artifacts from the old church and a number of other relics.
The New Barony Church was acquired by the University of Strathclyde in 1986. It was restored in 1989 and is now a ceremonial hall and events venue known as the Barony Hall. It is one of the few buildings in the immediate area that survived the slum clearances of the 1960s as part of the Townhead 'Comprehensive Development Area' (CDA).
History
The Barony Church existed from at least 1595 until 1985. Among its notable ministers were Zachary Boyd (1625–1653), Norman McLeod (1851–1872) and John White (1911-1934). Barony Parish received its name from the Barony of Glasgow.
The early Barony Church, which was established in a crypt was mentioned in Sir Walter Scott's Rob Roy. In the book, which was set in the early 18th century, the church was described as :"an extensive range of low-browed, dark, and twilight vaults, such as are used for sepulchres in other countries, and had long been dedicated to the same purpose in this, a portion of which was seated with pews and used as a church. The part of the vaults thus occupied, though capable of containing a congregation of many hundreds, bore a small proportion to the darker and more extensive caverns which yawned around what may be termed the inhabited space."
The condition of the church gradually worsened over time, until it was rebuilt in 1798 by architect James Adam. The new design was praised and criticised. Some considered it an architectural jewel, whilst others despised its looks and considered it borderline unappealing, even repulsive. One of the Church's own ministers, Dr. Norman McLeod, is reported to have advised Queen Victoria that it was "the ugliest Kirk in all Europe". After the new church opened, the old crypt was used as a burial ground until 1844.
However, not even the new building could solve some of the Barony Church's problems. The few roads leading to the church were little more than dirt tracks, making traveling to and from the church difficult for many of the congregation, especially during winter. It also could not sustainably fulfil all the spiritual requirements of the congregation. This led to several Chapels of Ease being built throughout the Barony area, usually by the local people.
The congregation split into four different parishes: Shettleston (1847), Calton (1849), Maryhill (1850) and Springburn (1854). Church attendees decided to return to St. George's Tron, others to Dennistoun Blackfriars and many came back to the place where Barony originated from, Glasgow Cathedral. Some of the relics from the Barony Church were taken back to the cathedral, including the Communion Table, and a chapel was established in the cathedral's crypt.
Eventually, it was decided that a new building was needed to solve the various problems. A site was acquired on the west side of Castle Street and a red sandstone Gothic church, inspired by Girona Cathedral and Dunblane Cathedral, designed by J.J. Burnet & J.A. Campbell as a part of a competition, was finished in 1889. This new building incorporated architectural artifacts from the old church and a number of other relics. It was dedicated in a service on 27 April 1889. An article in the following day's Glasgow Herald made no direct comment on the building but focused on the sermon by John Caird, the Church of Scotland minister and Principal of the University of Glasgow, in which he "dealt with art in relation to worship, stating that it was weak and foolish to identify purity of worship with ruggedness and baseness of form".
The church was in use for over 100 years, but the congregation dwindled rapidly from the 1950s onward after the Townhead CDA was established and the mass demolition of surrounding homes took place to make way for the Royal College of Science and Technology's growth into what is now the University of Strathclyde. In its final years, the congregation joined with St. Paul's & St. David's (Ramshorn) to form the Barony Ramshorn in 1982. The last service was held on 6 October 1985 and all the Castle Street buildings were acquired by Strathclyde University in 1986, making it the third church in the area to be acquired by the university and its predecessors - it having already purchased the Ramshorn in 1983, and St. Pauls Church on Martha Street had been purchased by the Royal Technical College in 1953.
After a restoration in 1989 by the university, the building is now called Barony Hall. The development, designed by David Leslie Architects, cost £3.4 million, with sums received through grants and hundreds of private donations.
Barony Hall today
The war is also marked by a memorial to the dead – a plaque bearing 125 names connected to the church at the side of the stage in the Great Hall. Below sits the 1799 building's foundation stone, bearing the names of the ministers who served there during its 90-year life.
An original inscription can be found on a pillar of Barony Church on the corner of the Rottenrow street and Castle street, dedicating the building to the glory and worship of God. The date on the pillar dates back to the first dedication service held in the rebuilt building, on 27 April 1989. A new inscription can be found under the original one, which was added after the acquirement of the Church by the University of Strathclyde, addressing the building as Barony Hall and as a part of the university campus.
The Barony houses the Maurice Taylor Organ, which was installed in 2010. A Bach-style organ, the first of its kind to be commissioned in the UK, the instrument is designed for performances of Bach's music in its original form and has since been played in numerous concerts and recitals. It has forty-one speaking stops, three manuals, one pedal, three thousand pipes, and features mechanical key and stop action. The bellows feed air blown by foot pedals, as happened in the Baroque period, or can be worked electronically.
Restoration work by Strathclyde University won awards from Europa Nostra Award, the UK Civic Trust, Glasgow Civic Trust and the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland. The certificates for these awards are displayed in the corridor which connects the Great Hall to the cloakroom. Also on display are thousands of degree certificates which have been presented in the Barony since 1989.
Functions
After the Barony Church building was acquired by the University of Strathclyde in 1986, it became the university's Barony Hall, hosting graduations, major exams, examinations, and functions. Aside from university purposes, the Barony Hall is a well-known venue in the city. The hall hosts a variety of celebrations and formalities including:
Weddings - The Great Hall and the Winter Gardens are often used as wedding venues. Their city centre location is close to public transport such as Buchanan bus station and Glasgow Queen Street railway station.
Graduation - The Barony Hall hosts annual inauguration events and graduation ceremonies for the students of the University of Strathclyde.
Exhibitions
Meetings
Seminars
Concerts
Functions
There are three more areas in the building - the Winter Gardens, the Bicentenary Hall, and the Sir Patrick Thomas Room. These can be used for many purposes such as registration, catering, and break-out areas. Main events taking place in the Barony Hall are exhibitions, weddings, dinners, dinners/dances and receptions. The Hall offers more than 250 square metres of space and can hold up to 500 people (theatre-style) on the flat floor area in the Great Hall or up to 600 when using the Balcony.
Notable connections
John Marshall Lang, father of Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1928 until 1942, was a minister at the Barony Church.
References
External links
A description of Barony from Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, 1892-96.
The Statistical Account for Scotland, Barony Parish published in 1799
Presbyterianism and Social Class in Mid-Nineteenth Century Glasgow: a Study of Nine Churches
University of Strathclyde
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Former churches in Scotland
Category A listed buildings in Glasgow
Listed churches in Glasgow
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请描述心包炎的症状？心包炎可以分为两种，急性心包炎和缩窄性心包炎。急性心包炎发作时，会由于心脏内积蓄了过多的脓液而压迫心脏，导致死亡。这种病属于急性病症。一开始，病人会感到身体过度发热，心胸前感觉超乎异常的压力，喘气忽急且困难。如果听查心胸前部，可听到心包的摩擦声音。除了这些早期病状外，还有可能与结核、风湿、化脓性细菌败血症、病毒感染和尿毒症结合出现。如果不及时排除心包内的积液，颈部静脉与上肢浅表静脉会有膨出现像；面部或下肢会有浮肿现象，肝脏肿大，血压过低的一些现象。
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宝宝小脑萎缩什么症状？小脑萎缩主要表现为小脑的容积减少，脑沟增宽，这是由多种因素交织影响而成的，患者常表现为走路不稳，共济失调，言语不清，眼球运动障碍等，严重影响患者的身心健康。一旦发现自身出现小脑萎缩的症状，应及时治疗，避免病情恶化。现实生活中，由于许多人对小脑萎缩的相关内容缺乏了解，从而对小脑萎缩的症状一无所知，使得自身患病了却未及时发现。小脑萎缩主要表现为小脑的容积减少，脑沟增宽，这是受多种因素的影响而导致的，其中最主要的是遗传因素。大部分患者会出现一系列的症状，给患者的健康构成极大的威胁。大家应了解一下小孩小脑萎缩的相关症状，避免小孩患病了却未及时察觉，导致病情恶化。小孩小脑萎缩常见的症状如下：共济失调，走路不稳，站立摇晃，书写颤抖;构音障碍，说话缓慢，发音冲撞，说话有鼻音;眼球运动出现障碍，双眼振颤;言语不清;甚至出现精神之类的疾病;肌张力减低。小脑萎缩危害之大，若发现自身出现上述的症状，应及时到医院进行检查，一旦确诊，应及时接受治疗。那么小孩小脑萎缩应如何治疗呢，针灸推拿法，这需要根据患者的临床分型，从而确定治疗的方案;对症治疗，例如，加强手的练习，以增强关节的活动，提高手的活动能力，加强语言的训练，以促进言语康复等;理疗法，通过超高电压、超低频率的单向大功率脉冲波对患者进行治疗，以促进大脑的恢复，或通过超声波，可有效治疗脑萎缩;进行适当的运动，增强关节和肌力训练，可有效改善患者共济失调的症状。通过上述对小脑萎缩相关内容的介绍，相信大家已有一定的了解，小脑萎缩若不及时治疗，病情得不到，将对患者的健康构成极大的威胁，甚至会危及患者的生命。因而患者要予以重视，及时接受治疗，同时在日常生活中要积极做好预防工作，避免一切可诱发小脑萎缩的因素。
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棘刺锚参（学名：）为锚参科刺锚参属的动物。分布于朝鲜半岛、菲律宾、日本以及中国大陆的渤海到北部湾沿岸等地，多见于沿岸浅海的泥底以及垂直分布从0-45m。该物种的模式产地在中国。
参考文献
棘刺锚参
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四季青的动植物形态是什么?？冬青 常绿乔木，高可达12m。树皮灰色或淡灰色，无毛。叶互生；叶柄长5-15cm；叶片革质，通常狭长椭圆形，长6-10cm，宽2-3.5cm，先端渐尖，基部楔形，很少圆形，边缘疏生浅锯齿，上面深绿色而有光泽，冬季变紫红色，中脉在下面隆起。花单性，雌雄异株，聚伞花序着生于叶腋外或叶腋内；花萼4裂，花瓣4，淡紫色；雄蕊4;子房上位。核果椭圆形，长6-10mm，熟时红色，内含核4颗，果柄长约5mm。花期5月，果熟期10月。
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軋箏，南方又稱作軋琴，是中國傳統弦樂器。其歷史悠久，據《舊唐書·音樂誌》載：“軋箏，以竹片潤其端而軋之。”宋代陈旸《乐书》记载：“唐有轧筝，以竹润其端而轧之，因取名焉。”形制與箏、瑟類似，為長方形共鳴箱，面板上張弦數根，用細長竹片擦弦以拉奏。
明代朱载堉《明·郑氏子瑟谱》中曰：“今官筝十五弦，而世多用十四弦者”。南宋时，轧筝一度易名“蓁”。宋元時期，軋箏為“七弦七柱”，顾瑛《玉山璞稿·斯歌二首》诗中曰：“锦筝弹尽鸳鸯曲，都在秋风十四弦”。隨著歷史變遷，至清代，形制無變化，唯弦數由7根增至9根。現代的軋箏經改良，以鋼絲為弦，共十一條，音域可達兩個八度以上。
另外，軋箏傳至朝鮮半島和越南後，逐漸演變為牙箏，進而融入韓文化和越文化。傳至琉球後則演變成提箏。在越南，這種樂器曾在順化宮廷雅樂中使用，但不再使用。
參考
東亞弓弦樂器
中國齊特琴類
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鼻腔不能关闭引起的鼻音的鉴别诊断？鼻腔不能关闭引起的鼻音的鉴别诊断：闭塞性鼻音：主要是因为鼻腔堵塞而引起的，最常见的是感冒时出现的鼻塞，另外如鼻甲肥大、鼻息肉、鼻窦炎等，凡是引起鼻腔堵塞的病变都会引起闭塞性鼻音，这种鼻音只要解除鼻腔堵塞，鼻音就可以解除。检查是否准确发音，是某些音节的发音“失真”，及原发疾病等，根据临床症状即可诊断。
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Eugenio Morales Agacino (March 15, 1914 – March 9, 2002) was a Spanish entomologist and naturalist, named honorary doctorate by the Autonomous University of Madrid.
External links
1914 births
2002 deaths
Spanish entomologists
20th-century Spanish zoologists
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甲状腺瘤的治疗方法有哪些？甲状腺腺瘤是起源于甲状腺滤泡细胞的良性的肿瘤。大体上可以分为两类：第一类叫做滤泡性腺瘤，占绝大部分。第二类叫乳头状腺瘤，相对比例小一些。甲状腺瘤多数情况下是良性的，但是有几种情况比较特殊：第一种腺瘤，有些情况下可以功能比较强，叫高能腺瘤，需要外科干预治疗。第二种腺瘤，是有一定的恶变率，有10%的恶变率，可能发展成甲状腺滤泡状腺癌，需要手术干预。甲状腺腺瘤从病因学角度来讲不是很清楚，目前没有研究特别透彻，考虑因素可能跟性别、遗传、TSH过度刺激有一定的关系。甲状腺瘤的治疗方法有以下几种：1、手术治疗：各病理类型的甲状腺瘤的恶性程度与转移途径不同，故治疗原则也各不相同。乳头状癌恶性程度较低，如果癌肿尚局限在腺体内，颈部淋巴结没有转移，可将患侧腺体连同峡部全部切除，对侧腺体大部切除。2、中医治疗：中医也是治疗甲状腺瘤最常见的方法之一，中医治疗甲状腺肿瘤主要靠辨证论治，从整体观念出发，既考虑了局部的治疗，又对患者的全身状况进行系统的调理，扶正祛邪，标本兼治，可以根治肿瘤，且愈后不易复发。3、内分泌治疗：这也是治疗甲状腺瘤的方法，甲状腺素能抑制促甲状腺素分泌，从而对甲状腺组织的增生和分化较好的癌肿有抑制作用。甲状腺瘤的注意事项有以下几点：1、生活习惯，甲状腺瘤的患者生活习惯要合理才是重要的，需要注意一些不良嗜好和习惯，需要远离烟酒，患者还要进行一些适度的运动锻炼，可以多进行慢走和散步为主但是要讲究适度。2、饮食合理。其实任何疾病对于患者来说饮食是很必要的，建议日常饮食注意均衡，注意一些营养食物的合理使用，满足人体自身需要。注意新鲜的蔬菜水果摄入是需要的，补充人体需要的优质蛋白、微量元素应该注意一些适量。3、注意护理，家人应该注意帮助或鼓励病人咳痰以免引起呼吸道感染。还需要注意避免在短时间内病人会出现呼吸困难甚至窒息的可能。
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霍瓦特·乔鲍（，），匈牙利男子皮划艇运动员。他曾代表匈牙利参加1996年夏季奥林匹克运动会皮划艇比赛，获得一枚金牌和一枚铜牌。
参考资料
匈牙利男子皮划艇运动员
匈牙利奥运皮划艇运动员
1996年夏季奧林匹克運動會輕艇運動員
1996年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主
奧林匹克運動會輕艇獎牌得主
匈牙利奧林匹克運動會金牌得主
匈牙利奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主
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凱氏南鰍（學名：）為輻鰭魚綱鯉形目條鰍科南鰍屬的其中一種。被IUCN列為易危保育類動物，分布於亞洲寮國淡水流域，棲息在河川底層水域，生活習性不明。
参考文献
扩展阅读
kaysonei
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柳栎浸膏胶囊的副作用（不良反应）？毒性低微，偶有胃部不适及腹泻症状。总病例1,781例中有47例（2.64%）出现了不良反应。主要为胃部不适感8例（0.45%）,胃肠功能紊乱7例（0.39%）等消化道症状。（获批准时～1973年11月止的统计）。
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Mamborê is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.
See also
List of municipalities in Paraná
References
Municipalities in Paraná
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见血飞是什么?？见血飞为豆科见血飞属的植物。分布于中南半岛、印度、锡金、尼泊尔、马来半岛以及中国大陆的云南等地，生长于海拔500米至1,200米的地区，一般生于山坡疏林和灌丛中，目前尚未由人工引种栽培。
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胆囊触痛征的鉴别诊断？1.十二指肠溃疡穿孔 多数病人有溃疡病史。其腹痛程度较剧烈，呈连续的刀割样痛，有时可致患者于休克状态。腹壁强直显著，常呈“板样”、压痛、反跳痛明显;肠鸣音消失;腹部X线检查可发现膈下有游离气体。惟少数病例无典型溃疡病史，穿孔较小或慢性穿孔者病状不典型，可造成诊断上的困难。2.急性胰腺炎 腹痛多位于上腹正中或偏左，体征不如急性胆囊炎明显，Murphy征阴性;血清淀粉酶升高幅度显著;B超显示胰腺肿大，边界不清等而无急性胆囊炎征象;CT检查对诊断急性胰腺炎较B超更为可靠，因为B超常因腹部胀气而胰腺显示不清。3.高位急性阑尾炎 其转移性腹痛、腹壁压痛、腹肌强直均可局限于右上腹，易误诊为急性胆囊炎。但B超无急性胆囊炎征象及Rovsing(罗符苯)征阳性(按左下腹可引起阑尾部位的疼痛)有助于鉴别。此外，胆囊炎的反复发作史、疼痛的特点，对鉴别诊断也有参考价值。4.急性肠梗阻 肠梗阻的绞痛多位于下腹部，常伴有肠鸣音亢进、“金属音”或气过水声，腹痛无放射性，腹肌亦不紧张。X线检查可见腹部有液平面。5.右肾结石 发热少见，患者多伴有腰背痛，放射至会阴部，肾区有叩击痛，有肉眼血尿或显微镜下血尿。X线腹部平片可显示阳性结石。B超可见肾结石或伴肾盂扩张。6.右侧大叶性肺炎和胸膜炎 患者也可有右上腹痛，压痛和肌卫而与急性胆囊炎相混。但该病早期多有高热、咳嗽、胸痛等症状，胸部检查肺呼吸音减低，可闻及啰音或胸膜摩擦音。X线胸片有助于诊断。7.冠状动脉病变 心绞痛时疼痛常可涉及上腹正中或右上腹，若误诊为急性胆囊炎而行麻醉或手术，有时可立即导致患者死亡。因此，凡50岁以上患者有腹痛症状而同时有心动过速，心律不齐或高血压者，必须作心电图检查，以资鉴别。8.急性病毒性肝炎 急性重症黄疸型肝炎可有类似胆囊炎的右上腹痛和肌卫、发热、白细胞计数增高及黄疸。但肝炎患者常有食欲不振、疲乏无力、低热等前驱症状;体检常可发现肝区普遍触痛，白细胞一般不增加，肝功能明显异常，一般不难鉴别。【临床表现】1.突发性右上腹持续性绞痛，向右肩胛下区放射，伴有恶心、呕吐。2.发冷、发热、纳差、腹胀。3.10%病人可有轻度黄疸。4.过去曾有类似病史，脂餐饮食易诱发。胆囊结石引起者，夜间发病为一特点。5.右上腹肌紧张，压痛或反跳痛，墨菲 (Murphy)征阳性。墨菲氏征患者在检查时，医生叫患者平卧，医生站在患者右侧，左手拇指放在胆囊部位，其余四指放在右胸前下方，叫患者做深呼吸动作，借肝脏下移之时，使发炎的胆囊与拇指接触后，患者如感觉疼痛加剧而突然屏气，即可诊断为墨菲氏征阳性。30%-50%病人可触及肿大胆囊有压痛。【诊断】对有右上腹突发性疼痛，并向右肩背部放射，伴有发热、恶心、呕吐，体检右上腹压痛和肌卫，Murphy征阳性，白细胞计数增高，B超示胆囊壁水肿，即可确诊为本病。如以往有胆绞痛病史，则诊断更可肯定。需要指出的是，15%～20%的病例其临床表现较轻，或症状发生后随即有所缓解，但实际病情仍在进展时，可增加诊断上的困难。十二指肠引流试验对急性胆囊炎的诊断帮助不大，反而会促使胆囊收缩而加重腹痛，引起胆石嵌顿。故在病程急性期，十二指肠引流应视为禁忌。
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依氟鸟氨酸药理作用？本品能可逆地抑制鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC），从而抑制多胺合成，延缓肿瘤细胞生长，改善与DNA结合的药物的效能。体内外实验均表明本品能抑制人癌细胞生长。
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妇炎洁洗液的用法用量？注意：不同企业生产的同种药品可由于包装规格的不同有不同的用药量。本文用法用量只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。 1、阴道冲洗保健：取原液适量直接灌入专用冲洗器，然后插入阴道，挤压瓶体进行冲洗。每日1-2次。 2、外服搔痒：取本品适量直接冲洗或湿敷。
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At Home is the second studio album by Dutch rock band Shocking Blue, released in 1969 on the Pink Elephant label. It is their first album to feature Mariska Veres, the group's signature frontwoman and lead singer.
Overview
The album is the group's first record with singer Mariska Veres. Robbie van Leeuwen acquired Veres in an attempt to ape the form of the female-fronted Jefferson Airplane. With Veres's notable vocal performance and stunning looks, the band finally had an adequate frontwoman.
At Home was a mixture of influences ranging from pop rock to psychedelic rock. There is also early evidence of their interest in Americana, with tracks like "California Here I Come" and "Harley Davidson".
The hit single "Venus" was omitted from the original dutch pressings of the album, but was appended to the international versions both as an opening or closing track to the side one. Singles "Long and Lonesome Road" and "Mighty Joe" were also featured on several versions of the album.
At Home was repackaged for the American market as a self titled album rearranging tracklisting, omitting "I'll Write Your Name Through the Fire" and including singles of that period.
Since the first reissue of At Home in 1989 "Venus" and "Long and Lonesome Road" were constantly present on the main tracklistings, both on CD and LP. Additional CD bonus tracks were the b-sides of that period.
Uses in media and cover versions
The John Mayer version of the song "Acka Raga" was used as the theme song for the BBC1 quiz show Ask the Family.
The track "Love Buzz" gained notoriety when it was covered by grunge band Nirvana.
Track listing
All songs were written by Robbie van Leeuwen, except for "Acka Raga" by John Mayer.
Original version
Side one
"Boll Weevil" – 2:40
"I'll Write Your Name Through the Fire"– 2:50
"Acka Raga" – 3:10
"Love Machine" – 3:15
"I'm a Woman" – 3:00
Side two
"California Here I Come" – 3:15
"Poor Boy" – 4:50
"Love Buzz" – 3:40
"The Butterfly and I" – 3:50
American The Shocking Blue version
Side one
"Long and Lonesome Road" – 2:44
"Love Machine" – 3:15
"The Butterfly and I" – 3:50
"Venus" - 3:07
"California Here I Come" – 3:15
"Poor Boy" – 4:50
Side two
"Mighty Joe" – 3:04
"Boll Weevil" – 2:40
"Acka Raga" – 3:10
"Love Buzz" – 3:40
"I'm a Woman" – 3:00
"Send Me a Postcard"– 2:33
Reissue edition
"Boll Weevil" – 2:40
"I'll Write Your Name Through the Fire"– 2:50
"Acka Raga" – 3:10
"Love Machine" – 3:15
"I'm a Woman" – 3:00
"Venus" - 3:07
"California Here I Come" – 3:15
"Poor Boy" – 4:50
"Long and Lonesome Road" – 2:44
"Love Buzz" – 3:40
"The Butterfly and I" – 3:50
CD reissue bonus tracks
Personnel
Mariska Veres - lead vocals
Robbie van Leeuwen - guitar, sitar, backing vocals
Klaasje van der Wal - bass guitar
Cor van der Beek - drums
Studio musicians
Cees Schrama - keyboards
Charts
Certifications
References
1969 albums
Shocking Blue albums
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Khairkhaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They are thought to belong to either the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora.
They possess planispiral coiled shells with a columnar microstructure.
2005 taxonomy
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Khairkhaniidae within the
Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position. This family is unassigned to superfamily. This family has no subfamilies.
2006–2007 taxonomy
According to the P. Yu. Parkhaev, the Khairkhaniidae is the only family in the order Khairkhaniifomes within the subclass Divasibranchia.
Class Helcionelloida
Subclass Divasibranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
Order Khairkhaniifomes Parkhaev, 2001
Family Khairkhaniidae Missarzhevsky, 1989
Genera
Genera in the family Khairkhaniidae include:
Khairkhania Missarzhevsky, 1981 - type genus of the family Khairkhaniidae
Khairkhania rotata Missarzhevsky, 1981
Barskovia
References
Helcionelloida
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劉光斗（，萬曆十九年四月二十日－順治九年八月二十八日），字暉吉，號訒韋。直隸常州府武進縣（今屬江蘇省常州市）人。明末清初政治人物，崑曲作家。
生平
天启四年（1624年）甲子科舉人。天啟五年（1625年）聯捷乙丑科三甲第十二名進士。授浙江紹興府推官。任內多清理積案、昭雪冤獄，兼理會稽縣、諸暨縣事務，興築石堤海塘，縣民因此為劉光斗立祠。之後受浙江巡撫任命為監軍，討伐海寇劉香。七年（1627年），充任丁卯科浙江鄉試分考官。
崇禎元年（1628年）三月，敕授文林郎、妻吳氏封孺人。
崇禎五年（1632年），舉卓異，考選試用廣西道監察御史。六年（1633年），實授廣西道監察御史。因與閹黨親善，以結黨營私、貪污收賄革職。
崇禎十七年（1644年），受馬士英、劉澤清舉薦重新起用為御史。然而「朝政混亂、賄賂公行」。
弘光元年（清順治二年，1645年），以監察御史加大理寺右寺丞。
同年，清軍大舉南下，破南京，劉光斗降清，奉和碩豫親王多鐸之命安撫常州府，改行人司司正，赴福建頒詔招撫。後升授工部屯田司郎中，加從四品銜。
順治九年（1652年），以工部郎中充任壬辰廣西鄉試主考官，染傷寒卒於道上。有誥敕四道。
因安撫常州功勞，常州府屬各縣合議公請特建仁賢祠。頒詔福建時，多次為疑案開釋曉諭，使福建免於屠戮而保全紳民無數，「有活氓功」，閩南至民國仍每年祭祀之。
戲曲
劉光斗僱養家樂，全部皆為女伶。演唱風格與明末崑曲相反，著重舞台佈景、色彩燈光之效果。
家庭及關聯
祖父：劉應時。歲貢生，五舉鄉飲大賓。
父：劉純敬。郡庠生，舉鄉飲大賓。
伯：劉純仁。
從兄弟：劉熙祚、劉永祚、劉綿祚、劉漢卿。
妻妾
正室：吳氏，累封太恭人。州判吳世澤之女。
側室：徐氏。
側室：杜氏。
側室：孟氏。
子女
皆正室所生。
長子：劉謙尊（1612年－1676年），順治五年舉人。
次子：劉履旋（1613年－1687年），順治四年進士。
長女，適庠生趙彭年。
次女，適庠生黃曾志。
三女，適無錫庠生浦映翼。
著作
《論衡評》，天啟六年閻光表刻本。
注釋
參考文獻
劉琛、劉善強等修，《武進西營劉氏家譜》（1929年）卷三·世表·葉十三
乾隆《紹興府志》卷二十六·職官志二·郡佐·葉三十七
光緒《武進陽湖縣志》卷二十二·宦績傳
《明史》列傳一百六十二、一百四十六、一百九十六
天啓四年甲子科應天鄉試舉人
明朝紹興府推官
明朝廣西道監察御史
明朝河南道監察御史
清朝行人司司正
清朝工部郎中
清朝戲曲家
崑曲
G
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小行星5877（）是一颗围绕太阳公转的小行星。1990年3月23日，埃莉諾·赫琳在帕洛马山发现了此天体。
这颗小行星的绝对星等为112.49971等。
参考文献
小行星带天体
1990年发现的小行星
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珍珠疹的病因有?？引起阴茎珍珠状丘疹的原因尚未明确，但常出现于未割包皮的男性身上，也有学者认为与包皮过长有关。它的好发年龄层出现在20岁到30岁间，随着年纪增长而降低发生率。据估计有8%-48%的男性患有阴茎珍珠状丘疹，未割过包皮的男性感染率感染的机率要高。阴茎珍珠状丘疹常发生在龟头的边缘、冠状沟交界处、包皮表面，其外观为珍珠状乳白色丘疹，表面光滑，其颜色有粉红色、白色、黄色，而透明的则较为少见。大小通常为1~2毫米宽，1~4毫米长，圆球状的小丘疹，规则分布在阴茎的冠状沟上。一般来说没有其他特别的症状，大多数为患者偶然之间发现的。
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维克多里巴特（，；）是法国朗德省的一个市镇，属于达克斯区。
地理
维克多里巴特（）面积，位于法国新阿基坦大区朗德省，该省份为法国西南部沿海省份，是法國本土面积第二大的省，北起吉倫特省，西临大西洋，南至大西洋比利牛斯省，东临热尔省，东北与洛特-加龍省接壤。
与维克多里巴特接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
维克多里巴特的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
维克多里巴特的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
维克多里巴特所属的省级选区为。
人口
维克多里巴特于时的人口数量为人。
参见
朗德省市镇列表
参考文献
Vicq-d'Auribat
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请描述弓形体病的预防方法？一控制传染源 控制病猫。妊娠妇女应作血清学检查。妊娠初期感染本病者应作人工流产，中、后期感染者应予治疗。供血管血清学检查弓形虫抗体阳性者不应供血。器官移植者血清抗体阳性者亦不宜使用。二切断传染途径 勿与猫狗等密切接触，防止猫粪污染食物、饮用水和饲料。不吃生的或不熟的肉类和生乳、生蛋等。加强卫生宣教、搞好环境卫生和个人卫生。
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排卵功能障碍是什么意思？排卵障碍是影响女性不孕的一种疾病，排卵障碍的原因包括，中枢神经系统性无排卵，下丘脑性无排卵，垂体性无排卵，卵巢性无排卵，多囊卵巢综合征，卵泡黄素化不破裂综合征。性腺轴以外的其他内分泌系统如甲状腺、肾上腺皮质功能失调和一些全身性疾病如重度营养不良可影响卵巢功能而导致排卵障碍。排卵障碍的检查方法有子宫内膜检查，当女性子宫内膜受卵巢雌、孕激素影响，月经中期会出现明显的中期性变化，而经前五至七天分泌是属于晚期变化。血性激素检查，月经中期血中性激素水平不同，血清性激素水平是否正常是要考虑抽血的具体时间，观察是否有排卵。超声卵泡监测，基础体温，无排卵基础体温是属于单相的，有排卵基础体温是双相的。阴道脱落细胞，在月经后半期检测阴道脱落细胞主要是雌激素角化细胞居多，无周期性变化，即表示无排卵。B超卵泡监测以及内分泌检查。排卵障碍的变现，首先应回忆自己的月经是否正常，有无不规则或闭经的情况。通过测量基础体温、检查宫颈粘液、子宫内膜活组织检查和激素测定，以间接推测有无排卵。过去有无慢性疾病，如结核、贫血和消化吸收不良等，是否动过手术，以往性发育的情况和有无职业性的有毒物质影响等，以使初步推测有无可能影响排卵的病变。由妇科医生检查生殖器的发育情况和卵巢有无增大。根据体形、体态、毛发、嗓音、乳房发育等第二性征的情况，及颈部、四肢有无畸形等现象，结合上述回忆可以初步推断排卵障碍的原因，身材矮小、第二性征发育不良，且从未来过月经就可能是卵巢发育不良。
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肛瘘复发原因？肛瘘是肛门直肠瘘，发生在肛门直肠周围的脓肿溃破或切口引流的后遗病变。肛瘘手术后复发的原因是：肛瘘术后复发是指在肛瘘手术后的原位再次形成肛瘘，而不是指在肛周其他部位形成新的肛瘘。低位肛瘘和高位肛瘘术后复发的原因有所不同。一、低位肛瘘1、手术中内口没找准或者没处理好，特别是简单挂线的情况可能导致内口处理不到位。2、手术后换药不及时，导致手术切口粘连，形成假愈合，而再次形成肛瘘。3、个别的原本是肛周化脓性大汗腺炎，被当做肛瘘手术，而后大汗腺炎再次发作。二、高位肛瘘1、同样是内口的问题。2、瘘管盲残端可以再次形成肛瘘。与低位肛瘘不同的是，高位肛瘘的盲端可能很复杂，有的很深，有的直接通向直肠壁。有的有多个支管形成马蹄形。现在的教科书上及肛肠方面文献，介绍的高位肛瘘手术方式依旧是内口挂线，搔刮瘘管，开放瘘管。然而，这种经过术式治疗的病人，虽然内口处理的很好，仍有10-20％复发率，6年前用内口挂线瘘管搔刮术所做高位肛瘘40例中，有5例复发，复发率为12.5％。近几年用瘘管全切除术所做的31例高位肛瘘，只有一例因为术中没找到内口而后形成低位肛瘘，经简单切开治愈，其余全部治愈无复发。有一例曾经做过3次高位肛瘘手术都复发的病例，手术中发现最深的瘘管直通直肠壁，在直肠后壁形成一个小孔，经过切掉这部分直肠后壁修补后痊愈。防治便秘和腹泻，对预防肛周脓肿和肛瘘形成有重要意义。及时治疗肛隐窝炎和肛乳头炎，以避免发展成肛周脓肿和肛瘘。养成良好的生活习惯，定时排便，每日排便后坐浴，保持肛门清洁，对预防感染有积极作用。
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Wierzchowiny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedlińsk, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Jedlińsk, north of Radom, and south of Warsaw.
References
Wierzchowiny
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Bocchoris albipunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Shibuya in 1929. It is found in Japan, where it has been recorded from the Bonin Islands.
References
Moths described in 1929
Spilomelinae
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