gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-23919 | 5acfbfdc77cf76001a685c64 | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology not do? | In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology not do? | [
"In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology not do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114223 | 57268a4cdd62a815002e88ad | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a "popular idea", would have to "go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour". Both hav... | What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun? | What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun? | [
"What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun?"
] | {
"text": [
"they are \"giving the public what they want\""
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40854 | 572668ae5951b619008f71df | Predation | Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike p... | During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host? | During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host? | [
"During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host?"
] | {
"text": [
"death"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106530 | 572622b5271a42140099d4ce | Hellenistic_period | However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourg... | Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from? | Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from? | [
"Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28534 | 5a0dd8ded7c8500018864483 | Canadian_football | The first attempt to establish a proper governing body and adopted the current set of Rugby rules was the Foot Ball Association of Canada, organized on March 24, 1873 followed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU) founded June 12, 1880, which included teams from Ontario and Quebec. Later both the Ontario and Queb... | The Canadian Rugby football Union was the first attempt at what? | The Canadian Rugby football Union was the first attempt at what? | [
"The Canadian Rugby football Union was the first attempt at what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91918 | 5727428ff1498d1400e8f548 | Cotton | Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs them... | Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton? | Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton? | [
"Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?"
] | {
"text": [
"children"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28630 | 572e87afdfa6aa1500f8d0c4 | Canadian_football | Before scrimmage, an official places the ball at the spot it was at the stop of clock, but no nearer than 24 yards from the sideline or 1 yard from the goal line. The line parallel to the goal line passing through the ball (line from sideline to sideline for the length of the ball) is referred to as the line of scrimma... | What is the term for the line across the field where the ball is positioned before a play? | What is the term for the line across the field where the ball is positioned before a play? | [
"What is the term for the line across the field where the ball is positioned before a play?"
] | {
"text": [
"line of scrimmage"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74194 | 56e4b69439bdeb14003479b7 | Architecture | Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater. | What are two of Wright's designs? | What are two of Wright's designs? | [
"What are two of Wright's designs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robie House and Fallingwater"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72232 | 572632a838643c19005ad2d0 | Greece | The Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople were considered by the Ottoman governments as the ruling authorities of the entire Orthodox Christian population of the Ottoman Empire, whether ethnically Greek or not. Although the Ottoman state did not force non-Muslims to convert to Islam, C... | What is the name of one of the churches that ruled over the Christian population? | What is the name of one of the churches that ruled over the Christian population? | [
"What is the name of one of the churches that ruled over the Christian population?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek Orthodox Church"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2506 | 56d2429fb329da140004ec92 | Buddhism | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what? | In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what? | [
"In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?"
] | {
"text": [
"mind"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58413 | 5a298deb03c0e7001a3e17e4 | Sanskrit | Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. Since 1974, there has been a short daily news bro... | How many weeklies are published in Sanskrit? | How many weeklies are published in Sanskrit? | [
"How many weeklies are published in Sanskrit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103408 | 571df51db64a571400c71e2e | Multiracial_American | Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which allowed participants to sele... | What office is responsible for the census form changes? | What office is responsible for the census form changes? | [
"What office is responsible for the census form changes?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38583 | 5acd158a07355d001abf33f5 | Materialism | Scientific "Materialism" is often synonymous with, and has so far been described, as being a reductive materialism. In recent years, Paul and Patricia Churchland have advocated a radically contrasting position (at least, in regards to certain hypotheses); eliminativist materialism holds that some mental phenomena simpl... | Belief has a basis in fact in what type of materialist mindset? | Belief has a basis in fact in what type of materialist mindset? | [
"Belief has a basis in fact in what type of materialist mindset? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70309 | 5a2c48aebfd06b001a5aead1 | Neoclassical_architecture | The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t... | What style was originally a court style and not a Parisien style? | What style was originally a court style and not a Parisien style? | [
"What style was originally a court style and not a Parisien style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100670 | 5a271331c93d92001a4003bd | Post-punk | As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music... | What fueled the many postpunk artists go into? | What fueled the many postpunk artists go into? | [
"What fueled the many postpunk artists go into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61069 | 5acebdfa32bba1001ae4b281 | Police | In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Police, was founded in 1868. Initially the Dominion Police p... | When were the first Mounties destroyed? | When were the first Mounties destroyed? | [
"When were the first Mounties destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38421 | 5acd0b0407355d001abf3226 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | An idealist considers what as the second to least important? | An idealist considers what as the second to least important? | [
" An idealist considers what as the second to least important?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47308 | 5726f3825951b619008f8340 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Her mature artistic statement was visible in True Blue (1986) and Like a Prayer (1989). In True Blue, she incorporated classical music in order to engage an older audience who had been skeptical of her music. Like a Prayer introduced live recorded songs and incorporated different genres of music, including dance, funk,... | True Blue has what type of music Incorporated in it? | True Blue has what type of music Incorporated in it? | [
"True Blue has what type of music Incorporated in it?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90796 | 5732388ae99e3014001e659a | Pacific_War | Ozawa's "Northern Force" had four aircraft carriers, two obsolete battleships partly converted to carriers, three cruisers and nine destroyers. The carriers had only 108 planes. The force was not spotted by the Allies until 16:40 on 24 October. At 20:00 Toyoda ordered all remaining Japanese forces to attack. Halsey saw... | How many planes were in the U.S. 3rd Fleet? | How many planes were in the U.S. 3rd Fleet? | [
"How many planes were in the U.S. 3rd Fleet?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22575 | 5a122d7e6614be00188f2494 | Exhibition_game | An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different lea... | What type of game is used to provide immature entertainment? | What type of game is used to provide immature entertainment? | [
"What type of game is used to provide immature entertainment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108791 | 5a7a3eed17ab25001a8a0411 | Literature | Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usu... | What is comprised chiefly of dialogue between two characters? | What is comprised chiefly of dialogue between two characters? | [
"What is comprised chiefly of dialogue between two characters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101949 | 5a47387c5fd40d001a27dd7f | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What keeps being debated in America? | What keeps being debated in America? | [
"What keeps being debated in America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60037 | 56f9906d9e9bad19000a0ad7 | Zhejiang | The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them in 2014, variously named "Three Rectifications and One Demolition" operations or "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activ... | What was an exemplary case of all this? | What was an exemplary case of all this? | [
"What was an exemplary case of all this?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sanjiang Church"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78456 | 5ad2705bd7d075001a42944e | Greeks | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 7th century ? | What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 7th century ? | [
"What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 7th century ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14822 | 5733541ed058e614000b5867 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a ... | How does he describe what makes something real? | How does he describe what makes something real? | [
"How does he describe what makes something real?"
] | {
"text": [
"A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4566 | 572802ca3acd2414000df221 | Pope_John_XXIII | Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. They wished to choose a cand... | What name did Roncalli choose? | What name did Roncalli choose? | [
"What name did Roncalli choose?"
] | {
"text": [
"John"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80268 | 572f9adf04bcaa1900d76acf | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as? | What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as? | [
"What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as?"
] | {
"text": [
"prokaryotes"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1103 | 572ec5aedfa6aa1500f8d37f | Endangered_Species_Act | Two examples of animal species recently delisted are: the Virginia northern flying squirrel (subspecies) on August, 2008, which had been listed since 1985, and the gray wolf (Northern Rocky Mountain DPS). On April 15, 2011, President Obama signed the Department of Defense and Full-Year Appropriations Act of 2011. A sec... | Which president signed an Act directing the delisting of the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf? | Which president signed an Act directing the delisting of the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf? | [
"Which president signed an Act directing the delisting of the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf?"
] | {
"text": [
"President Obama"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112860 | 5a70ba6b8abb0b001a676117 | Xbox_360 | In May 2008 Microsoft announced that 10 million Xbox 360s had been sold and that it was the "first current generation gaming console" to surpass the 10 million figure in the US. In the US, the Xbox 360 was the leader in current-generation home console sales until June 2008, when it was surpassed by the Wii. The Xbox 36... | What gaming console passed the Wii in 2008? | What gaming console passed the Wii in 2008? | [
"What gaming console passed the Wii in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74640 | 570dfd4c0b85d914000d7c73 | Melbourne | With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne an... | By what year was the gold rush largely over? | By what year was the gold rush largely over? | [
"By what year was the gold rush largely over?"
] | {
"text": [
"1860"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59861 | 5acfbc6a77cf76001a685b5e | Zhejiang | "In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their soci... | What is 'Keh Chyng' a romanization for? | What is 'Keh Chyng' a romanization for? | [
" What is 'Keh Chyng' a romanization for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91354 | 5ace9ff032bba1001ae4adb1 | Avicenna | Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themse... | Mahiat is Muslim for what? | Mahiat is Muslim for what? | [
"Mahiat is Muslim for what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106529 | 572622b5271a42140099d4cd | Hellenistic_period | However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourg... | Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation? | Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation? | [
"Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Woodthorpe Tarn"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88812 | 5a2222d7819328001af38a03 | Circadian_rhythm | The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each "day", depending on whether their "day", their endogenous period, is shorter or longer than 24 hours. The ... | What cycle is seperate from the circadian rythem? | What cycle is seperate from the circadian rythem? | [
"What cycle is seperate from the circadian rythem?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71283 | 5acf65cf77cf76001a684d63 | University_of_Kansas | The Community Tool Box is a public service of the University maintained by the Work Group for Community Health and Development. It is a free, online resource that contains more than 7,000 pages of practical information for promoting community health and development, and is a global resource for both professionals and g... | What body is irresponsible for managing the Community Tool Box? | What body is irresponsible for managing the Community Tool Box? | [
"What body is irresponsible for managing the Community Tool Box?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21186 | 572eda97c246551400ce4731 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of S... | Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English? | Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English? | [
"Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?"
] | {
"text": [
"the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers."
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34205 | 5ad41455604f3c001a400294 | Alaska | The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typical... | The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic weakhold? | The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic weakhold? | [
"The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic weakhold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22270 | 56e78f3100c9c71400d772c1 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | Libraries and museums have been established for other presidents, but they are not part of the NARA presidential library system, and are operated by private foundations, historical societies, or state governments, including the Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge l... | What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system? | What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system? | [
"What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abraham Lincoln"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81758 | 5706d3592eaba6190074ad1e | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlanti... | What place was originally left off of the tourism district? | What place was originally left off of the tourism district? | [
"What place was originally left off of the tourism district?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gardner's Basin"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82568 | 56e7851100c9c71400d77214 | Daylight_saving_time | DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect. | Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time? | Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time? | [
"Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time?"
] | {
"text": [
"magnify"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94106 | 5a7e4a1670df9f001a87569c | Cork_(city) | The climate of Cork, like the rest of Ireland, is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b. Met Éireann maintains a climatological weather station at Cork Airport, a few kilometres south of the city. It should be noted that the airport is at an ... | What does Met Eireann maintain at Clover Hill? | What does Met Eireann maintain at Clover Hill? | [
"What does Met Eireann maintain at Clover Hill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74533 | 5ace7c0d32bba1001ae4a7ca | Asphalt | Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of norm... | What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties? | What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties? | [
"What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99565 | 56fb6570b28b3419009f1d16 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces? | What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces? | [
"What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Franks"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58396 | 5a29495603c0e7001a3e1773 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardi... | Which Indian state does not formally reckognize Sanskirt? | Which Indian state does not formally reckognize Sanskirt? | [
"Which Indian state does not formally reckognize Sanskirt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42717 | 57103103b654c5140001f89d | Sexual_orientation | The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the assumption at the time that p... | What other name does the KInsey scale go by? | What other name does the KInsey scale go by? | [
"What other name does the KInsey scale go by?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63766 | 5727caa02ca10214002d965e | USB | Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage... | Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who? | Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who? | [
"Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Microsoft"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55844 | 5726182438643c19005acfe4 | Clothing | By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrat... | Who has been spreading Western culture and styles? | Who has been spreading Western culture and styles? | [
"Who has been spreading Western culture and styles?"
] | {
"text": [
"Western media corporations"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100429 | 56e11911e3433e1400422bd5 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by Compass-M1? | What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by Compass-M1? | [
"What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by Compass-M1?"
] | {
"text": [
"90 degrees (in quadrature)"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105015 | 57295fc51d04691400779344 | Palermo | As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar... | Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488? | Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488? | [
"Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostrogoths"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32895 | 5a32ecbabd0d7f001aef950a | Central_African_Republic | In the southwest, the Dzanga-Sangha National Park is located in a rain forest area. The country is noted for its population of forest elephants and western lowland gorillas. In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the B... | Where in the southwest is the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park located? | Where in the southwest is the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park located? | [
"Where in the southwest is the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3519 | 5a51ca4ab308da001a5a23a8 | Southeast_Asia | The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese... | What country has directly influenced the culture of Vietnam? | What country has directly influenced the culture of Vietnam? | [
"What country has directly influenced the culture of Vietnam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79005 | 56cd96c162d2951400fa6758 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the... | How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner? | How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner? | [
"How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74421 | 571b3d469499d21900609c35 | Asphalt | A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion. Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less t... | What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble? | What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble? | [
"What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?"
] | {
"text": [
"hot-mixed"
],
"answer_start": [
862
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82477 | 56e74de737bdd419002c3e4a | Daylight_saving_time | The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time ... | What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition? | What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition? | [
"What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?"
] | {
"text": [
"1987"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64185 | 5ace8c6032bba1001ae4aa07 | Annelid | The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly fi... | What type of annelid fossils have been lost during the mid Ordovician period? | What type of annelid fossils have been lost during the mid Ordovician period? | [
"What type of annelid fossils have been lost during the mid Ordovician period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108594 | 572c807e750c471900ed4ca1 | Tennessee | After the formal end of Reconstruction, the struggle over power in Southern society continued. Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s. Over the next decade, the state legisla... | In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state? | In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state? | [
"In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?"
] | {
"text": [
"1889"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30434 | 5ace11e632bba1001ae49a33 | Appalachian_Mountains | The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alp... | During what period were the Appalachians named? | During what period were the Appalachians named? | [
"During what period were the Appalachians named?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95550 | 5726b6f85951b619008f7ba5 | Yale_University | In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admi... | What society did Amy Solomon enroll in at Yale? | What society did Amy Solomon enroll in at Yale? | [
"What society did Amy Solomon enroll in at Yale?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. Anthony Hall"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48005 | 5726e5cff1498d1400e8ef47 | Napoleon | Napoleon instituted lasting reforms, including higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime. It wa... | What did the Organic Articles regulate in France? | What did the Organic Articles regulate in France? | [
"What did the Organic Articles regulate in France?"
] | {
"text": [
"public worship"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10817 | 56fdf33b19033b140034cdf4 | Computer | Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term "bugs" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947. | Who first coined the term "bugs"? | Who first coined the term "bugs"? | [
"Who first coined the term \"bugs\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Admiral Grace Hopper"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96605 | 5a8c8349fd22b3001a8d89c8 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Luke's gospel also describes an interaction between Jesus and the women among the crowd of mourners following him, quoting Jesus as saying "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren and the wombs... | What high area is usually green when new grass grows? | What high area is usually green when new grass grows? | [
"What high area is usually green when new grass grows?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79675 | 5ad019fb77cf76001a6869f2 | Kievan_Rus%27 | In the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kievan society lacked the ... | What was widespread in Eastern Europe? | What was widespread in Eastern Europe? | [
"What was widespread in Eastern Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17788 | 5ad24104d7d075001a42894e | Spectre_(2015_film) | The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in ... | Radiohead composed what which was used in the film? | Radiohead composed what which was used in the film? | [
"Radiohead composed what which was used in the film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96678 | 57278b4fdd62a815002e9fd8 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than ... | What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time? | What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time? | [
"What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time?"
] | {
"text": [
"a proverbial saying in common usage"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4654 | 572807672ca10214002d9bee | Pope_John_XXIII | John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped... | What did John XXIII die of? | What did John XXIII die of? | [
"What did John XXIII die of?"
] | {
"text": [
"peritonitis"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28406 | 5731cdbce17f3d1400422437 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and ... | Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating? | Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating? | [
"Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,\""
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96603 | 5a8c8349fd22b3001a8d89c6 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Luke's gospel also describes an interaction between Jesus and the women among the crowd of mourners following him, quoting Jesus as saying "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren and the wombs... | What color did some women in Jerusalem like to wear? | What color did some women in Jerusalem like to wear? | [
"What color did some women in Jerusalem like to wear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115824 | 5a8dc8addf8bba001a0f9c10 | Richard_Feynman | The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an ex... | What person influenced Feynman to think shallow? | What person influenced Feynman to think shallow? | [
"What person influenced Feynman to think shallow?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114020 | 572a1b551d04691400779796 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the f... | In Newton's system, how does the frame of reference exist between objects within it? | In Newton's system, how does the frame of reference exist between objects within it? | [
"In Newton's system, how does the frame of reference exist between objects within it?"
] | {
"text": [
"independently"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79435 | 57308b138ab72b1400f9c568 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': "They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of h... | Which historian refered to the Rus as "Scythians"? | Which historian refered to the Rus as "Scythians"? | [
"Which historian refered to the Rus as \"Scythians\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leo the Deacon"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-230 | 56f8f3129e9bad19000a0765 | Guinea-Bissau | Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains, milk, curd and whey. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) and Macrotyloma geocarpum (Hausa groun... | Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau? | Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87494 | 56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f75 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes na... | How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book? | How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book? | [
"How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?"
] | {
"text": [
"like Scripture"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35801 | 570a5d534103511400d59678 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Med... | How many patients a year does the trust treat? | How many patients a year does the trust treat? | [
"How many patients a year does the trust treat?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than a million"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45785 | 5ace284a32bba1001ae49bff | YouTube | A TiVo service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos. In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the PlayStation 3 and Wii vid... | What was YouTube made available on during October 2013? | What was YouTube made available on during October 2013? | [
"What was YouTube made available on during October 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14902 | 5ad3d1ff604f3c001a3ff22b | Alfred_North_Whitehead | It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ... | What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to nonreligion? | What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to nonreligion? | [
"What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to nonreligion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59376 | 57269f3b708984140094cc02 | Electric_motor | Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power g... | What does DC stand for? | What does DC stand for? | [
"What does DC stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"direct current"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73179 | 56db0888e7c41114004b4c92 | American_Idol | In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, "A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Guarini did not ... | What was the name of the film that the two finalists made together? | What was the name of the film that the two finalists made together? | [
"What was the name of the film that the two finalists made together?"
] | {
"text": [
"From Justin to Kelly"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20852 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac12 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission ... | What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? | What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? | [
"What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glorious Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28678 | 5a0f665fdecec900184755b1 | Canadian_football | Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the... | Who do touchdowns never result in a score for? | Who do touchdowns never result in a score for? | [
"Who do touchdowns never result in a score for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-327 | 56f956539b226e1400dd1358 | Marshall_Islands | The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island t... | What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk? | What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk? | [
"What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?"
] | {
"text": [
"Placeres"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15264 | 572fae0304bcaa1900d76bda | Hyderabad | Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and the skilled use of various spices. Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem, with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, have become iconic dishes of India. Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughlai and to some extent by Fren... | What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem? | What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem? | [
"What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mughlai and Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84644 | 5ad4d34c5b96ef001a10a20c | San_Diego | As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 peop... | In 2008, what percentage of the population was Hispanic? | In 2008, what percentage of the population was Hispanic? | [
"In 2008, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53932 | 56dde39c66d3e219004dada1 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca... | How many missions are carried out internally in Canada? | How many missions are carried out internally in Canada? | [
"How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"six core missions"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62340 | 5728dfb24b864d1900164fef | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Au... | What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum? | What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum? | [
"What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?"
] | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6472 | 57281e1d4b864d19001644ce | PlayStation_3 | At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis cont... | What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis? | What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis? | [
"What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?"
] | {
"text": [
"heavier"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93614 | 5728b55c2ca10214002da629 | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | What was the demonstration of the Singing Revolution trying to fight for? | What was the demonstration of the Singing Revolution trying to fight for? | [
"What was the demonstration of the Singing Revolution trying to fight for?"
] | {
"text": [
"independence"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39627 | 5a8ca9bffd22b3001a8d8cf2 | FA_Cup | After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for... | What year did the FA cup get moved to Manchester? | What year did the FA cup get moved to Manchester? | [
"What year did the FA cup get moved to Manchester?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44344 | 5a2f0b35a83784001a7d2660 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Brasília is known as a departing point for the practice of unpowered air sports, sports that may be practiced with hang gliding or paragliding wings. Practitioners of such sports reveal that, because of the city's dry weather, the city offers strong thermal winds and great "cloud-streets", which is also the name for a ... | What is the name for paragliding in Brasilia? | What is the name for paragliding in Brasilia? | [
"What is the name for paragliding in Brasilia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54165 | 5ad3eb5a604f3c001a3ff714 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division o... | Where is the commander based out of? | Where is the commander based out of? | [
"Where is the commander based out of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16082 | 572e7cbbdfa6aa1500f8d020 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin... | What was Gaddafi's first position in government? | What was Gaddafi's first position in government? | [
"What was Gaddafi's first position in government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51023 | 572fae7a947a6a140053cb6b | Seven_Years%27_War | Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and militar... | Did Austria get Silesia back? | Did Austria get Silesia back? | [
"Did Austria get Silesia back?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria was not able to retake Silesia"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93538 | 572846033acd2414000df844 | Estonia | The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita. According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Taara, help!"/"Thor, help... | Who described Tharapita? | Who described Tharapita? | [
"Who described Tharapita?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry of Latvia"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106978 | 5735fcb96c16ec1900b928c9 | Hunting | From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of th... | Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran? | Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran? | [
"Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Innocent III"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75242 | 57286c3b3acd2414000df9cb | Labour_Party_(UK) | As the economic situation worsened MacDonald agreed to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives and the Liberals. On 24 August 1931 MacDonald submitted the resignation of his ministers and led a small number of his senior colleagues in forming the National Government together with the other parties. This cau... | When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers? | When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers? | [
"When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers?"
] | {
"text": [
"1931"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54190 | 5ad3ebf1604f3c001a3ff74b | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command. The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines t... | When was the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command established? | When was the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command established? | [
" When was the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3745 | 56bf99aca10cfb14005511a9 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and... | What thriller film did Beyonce star in? | What thriller film did Beyonce star in? | [
"What thriller film did Beyonce star in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Obsessed"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107840 | 5acfba2d77cf76001a685ac3 | Umayyad_Caliphate | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. ... | Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry? | Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry? | [
"Who did the chief of the Kalb tribe marry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50898 | 572ec68503f9891900756a09 | Seven_Years%27_War | Between 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his force of 5,000, mostly hussars,... | How was Berlin spared? | How was Berlin spared? | [
"How was Berlin spared?"
] | {
"text": [
"city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76641 | 572aa1b9f75d5e190021fbda | Philadelphia | The City Planning Commission, tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan. Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007–2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Stree... | Which two mayors accomplished the zoning code revamp? | Which two mayors accomplished the zoning code revamp? | [
"Which two mayors accomplished the zoning code revamp?"
] | {
"text": [
"John F. Street and Michael Nutter"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24142 | 572947c26aef051400154c63 | Bermuda | Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population throug... | Why does a third of the population spend time at sea? | Why does a third of the population spend time at sea? | [
"Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?"
] | {
"text": [
"seafaring the only real industry"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
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