gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-105402 | 57282fda2ca10214002da022 | History_of_science | Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and in... | What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics? | What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics? | [
"What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics?"
] | {
"text": [
"a mathematical model of language"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60737 | 5a37134395360f001af1b3e1 | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | What happened in the fifteenth century that made it necessary to give dates using both calendars? | What happened in the fifteenth century that made it necessary to give dates using both calendars? | [
"What happened in the fifteenth century that made it necessary to give dates using both calendars?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22286 | 5a7b9ed221c2de001afea1da | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006. A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online. When announcing the agreement, Archivist Allen Weinstein said that this pilot program ... | What did Google first put online in 2006? | What did Google first put online in 2006? | [
"What did Google first put online in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61091 | 5732af38d6dcfa19001e8a76 | Police | As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficia... | Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police? | Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police? | [
"Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police?"
] | {
"text": [
"mercantilist theory"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101590 | 56d9a527dc89441400fdb681 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? | Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? | [
"Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?"
] | {
"text": [
"two years"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82608 | 56e79ae000c9c71400d77379 | Daylight_saving_time | Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch... | Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules? | Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules? | [
"Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?"
] | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34132 | 5728fb513f37b31900477ef8 | Alaska | Cities not served by road, sea, or river can be reached only by air, foot, dogsled, or snowmachine, accounting for Alaska's extremely well developed bush air services—an Alaskan novelty. Anchorage and, to a lesser extent Fairbanks, is served by many major airlines. Because of limited highway access, air travel remains ... | What is the most efficient means of transportation into and out of Alaska? | What is the most efficient means of transportation into and out of Alaska? | [
"What is the most efficient means of transportation into and out of Alaska?"
] | {
"text": [
"air travel"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12757 | 5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | [
"What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78229 | 572783acdd62a815002e9f4c | Child_labour | In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dange... | Is there underage children working in Brazil? | Is there underage children working in Brazil? | [
"Is there underage children working in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
727
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93911 | 572e94eecb0c0d14000f130b | Cyprus | The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range, and the central plain they encompass, the Mesaoria. The Mesaoria plain is drained by the Pedieos River, the longest on the island. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western port... | What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus? | What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus? | [
"What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Olympus"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10377 | 5acf6d3877cf76001a684e02 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is best known for being the last comics creator in Europe? | Who is best known for being the last comics creator in Europe? | [
"Who is best known for being the last comics creator in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48652 | 5a85e80ab4e223001a8e72c1 | War_on_Terror | The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through mi... | What does the US Government use the Air Force for? | What does the US Government use the Air Force for? | [
"What does the US Government use the Air Force for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89606 | 572fd474947a6a140053cd21 | The_Blitz | Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ... | The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system? | The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system? | [
"The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Knickebein"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85284 | 5a7fc8148f0597001ac000bc | Supreme_court | In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the hi... | What was created in 2013 to replace the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa? | What was created in 2013 to replace the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa? | [
"What was created in 2013 to replace the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47746 | 57267bd6dd62a815002e86b8 | Napoleon | Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Ch... | From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy? | From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy? | [
"From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy?"
] | {
"text": [
"the north"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92802 | 5a6fe8a58abb0b001a676044 | Alsace | The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucrout... | What does choucroute mean? | What does choucroute mean? | [
"What does choucroute mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59172 | 5a308bcaf1f7c7001ab92dbe | A_cappella | The Swingle Singers used nonsense words to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments. Like the other groups, examples of their music can be found on YouTube. Beatboxing, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized... | What is one song version The Swingle Singers released in 2005? | What is one song version The Swingle Singers released in 2005? | [
"What is one song version The Swingle Singers released in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86464 | 570ceb3bfed7b91900d45adf | Gymnastics | Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is ... | What is gymnastics? | What is gymnastics? | [
"What is gymnastics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98335 | 56f8aa359e9bad19000a0296 | Alps | Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft). Writing about the gentians in Swit... | What are Gentians named after? | What are Gentians named after? | [
"What are Gentians named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Illyrian king Gentius"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115257 | 5a39fedc2f14dd001ac7269e | Mammal | When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like t... | What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature? | What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature? | [
"What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100811 | 572f7ebda23a5019007fc68f | Post-punk | The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and mode... | What was the death knell of the post-punk movement? | What was the death knell of the post-punk movement? | [
"What was the death knell of the post-punk movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"commercial sounds"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14195 | 56f989259e9bad19000a0a54 | Brain | The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studie... | What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? | What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? | [
"What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?"
] | {
"text": [
"Psychology"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113040 | 570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05a | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration? | Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration? | [
"Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?"
] | {
"text": [
"social media"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99061 | 5727862fdd62a815002e9f7e | Turner_Classic_Movies | Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's f... | What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight? | What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight? | [
"What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?"
] | {
"text": [
"8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62912 | 572fa484a23a5019007fc80d | Pain | The International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty. It is a specialty only in China and Australia at this time. E... | What does the IASP advocate that the relief of pain should be recognized as? | What does the IASP advocate that the relief of pain should be recognized as? | [
"What does the IASP advocate that the relief of pain should be recognized as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a human right"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17054 | 5725d2cc271a42140099d24f | Israel | Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians, including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias, singer Amal Murkus, and brothers Samir and Wissam Joubran. Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel's borders: Elias and Murkus frequently play to audiences in Europe and America, and ... | What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel? | What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel? | [
"What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiseer Elias"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20338 | 572946226aef051400154c3c | Glass | In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated gl... | What type of scientists rely on glass for distant observations? | What type of scientists rely on glass for distant observations? | [
"What type of scientists rely on glass for distant observations?"
] | {
"text": [
"astronomers"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45604 | 571a97734faf5e1900b8aaf5 | Ashkenazi_Jews | A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested... | It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people? | It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people? | [
"It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?"
] | {
"text": [
"uncommon in the general European population"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42526 | 570ffeaab654c5140001f71b | Sexual_orientation | Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or trea... | What does knowing the sexual population influence? | What does knowing the sexual population influence? | [
"What does knowing the sexual population influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31536 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d37f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare? | What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare? | [
"What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?"
] | {
"text": [
"counter-air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82042 | 5acfc28a77cf76001a685d52 | Royal_assent | Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted. The clerk ... | It is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Lords to endorse what? | It is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Lords to endorse what? | [
"It is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Lords to endorse what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97642 | 56d39a6a59d6e414001467f4 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 6... | Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects? | Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects? | [
"Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?"
] | {
"text": [
"mazurkas"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115960 | 572e89d0c246551400ce4304 | Richard_Feynman | After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovere... | What equation did Feyman derive? | What equation did Feyman derive? | [
"What equation did Feyman derive?"
] | {
"text": [
"Einstein field equation of general relativity"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77191 | 5a29992203c0e7001a3e1818 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Polit... | Which 21st century administration increased funding to UNFPA? | Which 21st century administration increased funding to UNFPA? | [
"Which 21st century administration increased funding to UNFPA?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68520 | 570ac8206d058f19001830ea | Mesozoic | The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceo... | What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ? | What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ? | [
"What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ?"
] | {
"text": [
"K–Pg) extinction"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105032 | 572961c26aef051400154dcb | Palermo | After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ... | What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072? | What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072? | [
"What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hautevilles"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7536 | 5a8c4494fd22b3001a8d8688 | Database | Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of gene... | What is no longer used in modern database systems? | What is no longer used in modern database systems? | [
"What is no longer used in modern database systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32950 | 572823b93acd2414000df57d | Central_African_Republic | Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Minist... | What is the major telecommunications provider in CAR? | What is the major telecommunications provider in CAR? | [
"What is the major telecommunications provider in CAR?"
] | {
"text": [
"Socatel"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110184 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72314 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain? | What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain? | [
"What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as a result of having a larger brain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52846 | 5a73bfed42eae6001a3899af | Political_party | Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditi... | What do special interest groups receive for paying membership dues? | What do special interest groups receive for paying membership dues? | [
"What do special interest groups receive for paying membership dues?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4347 | 56dddd9d66d3e219004dad4b | Institute_of_technology | MIT raises funds from non-governmental organizations and individuals who support the mission and objectives of the Institute. Tigray Development Association, its supporters, and REST have provided the initial funds for the launching of the Institute. As a result of the unstinting efforts made by the Provisional Governi... | MIT raised money to cover tuition, room and board for what number of students? | MIT raised money to cover tuition, room and board for what number of students? | [
"MIT raised money to cover tuition, room and board for what number of students?"
] | {
"text": [
"50"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31284 | 57293a886aef051400154ba1 | Germans | After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current refer... | What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin? | What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin? | [
"What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Karl von Clausewitz"
],
"answer_start": [
982
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22496 | 5a3636d5788daf001a5f878e | Himachal_Pradesh | Though situated in a remote part of the country, Himachal Pradesh has an active community of journalists and publishers. Several newspapers and magazines are published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states. Radio and TV have permeated significantly. Judging by the nu... | What is available in Faisla and Aapka? | What is available in Faisla and Aapka? | [
"What is available in Faisla and Aapka?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30816 | 572687585951b619008f75df | Mexico_City | North of the Historic Center, Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero have important industrial centers and neighborhoods that range from established middle-class colonias such as Claveria and Lindavista to huge low-income housing areas that share hillsides with adjacent municipalities in the State of Mexico. In recent year... | Where is Gustavo A. Madero? | Where is Gustavo A. Madero? | [
"Where is Gustavo A. Madero?"
] | {
"text": [
"North of the Historic Center"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60234 | 5ace1f1732bba1001ae49b39 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Graduate schools include the School of Medicine, currently ranked sixth in the nation, and the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, currently ranked first. The program in occupational therapy at Washington University currently occupies the first spot for the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, and the program... | What School of Medicine is ranked first in the nation? | What School of Medicine is ranked first in the nation? | [
"What School of Medicine is ranked first in the nation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18607 | 5726e6d6f1498d1400e8ef5d | Nigeria | The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international... | What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field? | What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field? | [
"What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?"
] | {
"text": [
"2–4 km"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34513 | 56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0362 | Southampton | The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and ... | What's the impressive budget of the SeaCity Museum? | What's the impressive budget of the SeaCity Museum? | [
"What's the impressive budget of the SeaCity Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"£28 million"
],
"answer_start": [
781
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36131 | 572f8ec5947a6a140053ca60 | Printed_circuit_board | Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints inc... | What were traces originally made out of? | What were traces originally made out of? | [
"What were traces originally made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"self-adhesive tape"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90433 | 5727e6f8ff5b5019007d97f9 | Tibet | Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans and some other ethnic groups. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significa... | What has the population of Tibet primarily consisted of? | What has the population of Tibet primarily consisted of? | [
"What has the population of Tibet primarily consisted of?"
] | {
"text": [
"ethnic Tibetans"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108878 | 5726ccdd708984140094d1b9 | Literature | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | What ancient religious scriptures were among the first examples of Indian literature? | What ancient religious scriptures were among the first examples of Indian literature? | [
"What ancient religious scriptures were among the first examples of Indian literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Vedas"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114344 | 5726b718708984140094cec1 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material. Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response. Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as a... | How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper? | How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper? | [
"How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper?"
] | {
"text": [
"promoting England's bid to win the World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21287 | 56e6c2f6de9d37140006801e | Adult_contemporary_music | Initially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal withou... | What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play? | What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play? | [
"What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play?"
] | {
"text": [
"big band-era recordings"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74196 | 5acfb12277cf76001a6858c0 | Architecture | Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater. | Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture? | Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture? | [
" Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74085 | 5acfae5477cf76001a685825 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What were the least important buildings of the time? | What were the least important buildings of the time? | [
" What were the least important buildings of the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80875 | 5724e1520ba9f01400d97b99 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and... | Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"? | Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"? | [
"Whom did Queen Victoria consider her \"best and kindest adviser\"? "
] | {
"text": [
"uncle Leopold"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42854 | 570d5b15fed7b91900d45f11 | Franco-Prussian_War | The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the German states of the N... | In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation? | In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation? | [
"In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Kingdom of Prussia"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88140 | 572867304b864d190016499f | God | St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an ete... | Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"? | Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"? | [
"Who said that God is \"a substance consisting of infinite attributes\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baruch Spinoza"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27564 | 573021a304bcaa1900d771e9 | Liberia | Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the c... | What is the oldest county in liberia? | What is the oldest county in liberia? | [
"What is the oldest county in liberia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grand Bassa"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35294 | 57269de45951b619008f77e4 | Gothic_architecture | From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of th... | During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? | During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? | [
"During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Gothic"
],
"answer_start": [
876
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115963 | 5a8dd95fdf8bba001a0f9c9b | Richard_Feynman | After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovere... | Where did Feynman find failure before moving to quantum gravity? | Where did Feynman find failure before moving to quantum gravity? | [
"Where did Feynman find failure before moving to quantum gravity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106889 | 5734465d879d6814001ca466 | Hunting | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... | Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa? | Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa? | [
"Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Hadza of Tanzania"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111191 | 573199ecb9d445190005e3ff | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Romulus was credited with several religious institutions. He founded the Consualia festival, inviting the neighbouring Sabines to participate; the ensuing rape of the Sabine women by Romulus's men further embedded both violence and cultural assimilation in Rome's myth of origins. As a successful general, Romulus is als... | According to myth, what god's temple did Romulus found? | According to myth, what god's temple did Romulus found? | [
"According to myth, what god's temple did Romulus found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jupiter"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16475 | 57318bd9497a881900248ffe | Muammar_Gaddafi | Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall... | About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy? | About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy? | [
"About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy?"
] | {
"text": [
"53"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40023 | 5727afea2ca10214002d93cc | New_Haven,_Connecticut | A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Lou... | What landmark New Haven fast food establishment is located on Crown Street? | What landmark New Haven fast food establishment is located on Crown Street? | [
"What landmark New Haven fast food establishment is located on Crown Street?"
] | {
"text": [
"Louis' Lunch"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15891 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e7 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in? | What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in? | [
"What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44432 | 5707130190286e26004fc8b9 | Chihuahua_(state) | The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billio... | The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011? | The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011? | [
"The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"884 million dollars"
],
"answer_start": [
791
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113723 | 56f957049e9bad19000a0842 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military thre... | What are the threats that the MoD has identified? | What are the threats that the MoD has identified? | [
"What are the threats that the MoD has identified?"
] | {
"text": [
"weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115966 | 5a8dd95fdf8bba001a0f9c9e | Richard_Feynman | After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovere... | What did Feynman's discoveries hurt the explanation of? | What did Feynman's discoveries hurt the explanation of? | [
"What did Feynman's discoveries hurt the explanation of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73501 | 56d380a459d6e4140014658b | American_Idol | The thirteenth season premiered on January 15, 2014, with Ryan Seacrest returning as host. Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor. Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj left the panel after one season. Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Conni... | Who directed the thirteenth season of American Idol? | Who directed the thirteenth season of American Idol? | [
"Who directed the thirteenth season of American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gregg Gelfand"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14218 | 56f98e239b226e1400dd155e | Brain | Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart. Aristotle favored the heart, and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood. Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion ... | The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body? | The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body? | [
"The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body?"
] | {
"text": [
"brain or heart."
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45018 | 56df16b23277331400b4d979 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc rele... | In what year did CDs come to the American market? | In what year did CDs come to the American market? | [
"In what year did CDs come to the American market?"
] | {
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45353 | 5a6117f1e9e1cc001a33ceeb | Sahara | human activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In recent years dev... | Why did development projects start in Algeria and Tunisia? | Why did development projects start in Algeria and Tunisia? | [
"Why did development projects start in Algeria and Tunisia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12528 | 5a65ed7bc2b11c001a425e03 | Antibiotics | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con... | What year did the Infectious Diseases of America say that production of GNB does not keep up with resistance? | What year did the Infectious Diseases of America say that production of GNB does not keep up with resistance? | [
"What year did the Infectious Diseases of America say that production of GNB does not keep up with resistance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71652 | 56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072b | Near_East | The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans. In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895. By "Far East" he meant Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, ... | Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894 | Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894 | [
"Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894"
] | {
"text": [
"the Far East"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83323 | 5727c9543acd2414000dec5a | Dominican_Order | During this critical period, the number of Preachers seems never to have sunk below 3,500. Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work. Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order.... | In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order? | In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order? | [
"In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26383 | 5a536963bdaabd001a3866b2 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Who issued charters to guilds? | Who issued charters to guilds? | [
"Who issued charters to guilds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114936 | 5a6b0007a9e0c9001a4e9e4c | Wayback_Machine | The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" (pro... | What TV show served as inspiration for WABAC's name? | What TV show served as inspiration for WABAC's name? | [
"What TV show served as inspiration for WABAC's name?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103682 | 5a3bf96acc5d22001a521c81 | East_Prussia | Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a... | In what year did Max von Bahrfeldt become a politician for the German People's Party? | In what year did Max von Bahrfeldt become a politician for the German People's Party? | [
"In what year did Max von Bahrfeldt become a politician for the German People's Party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101508 | 56d999dcdc89441400fdb5ae | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding? | A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding? | [
"A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?"
] | {
"text": [
"bitch"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46681 | 5ad0c5ea645df0001a2d02b6 | Department_store | In the 21st century the most famous department store in Russia is GUM in Moscow, followed by TsUM and the Petrovsky Passage. Other popular stores are Mega (shopping malls), Stockmann, and Marks & Spencer. Media Markt, M-video, Technosila, and White Wind (Beliy Veter) sell large number of electronic devices. In St. Pete... | When wasn't the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? | When wasn't the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? | [
"When wasn't the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84643 | 5ad4d34c5b96ef001a10a20b | San_Diego | As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 peop... | What ethnicity made up 19.5.% of San Diego's population in 2009? | What ethnicity made up 19.5.% of San Diego's population in 2009? | [
"What ethnicity made up 19.5.% of San Diego's population in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81308 | 57266b70708984140094c569 | Queen_Victoria | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen a... | What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William? | What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William? | [
"What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William?"
] | {
"text": [
"liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109561 | 5728ee664b864d19001650b6 | Samurai | In 1274, the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū. Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casua... | How many ships did the Yuan send to invade Japan? | How many ships did the Yuan send to invade Japan? | [
"How many ships did the Yuan send to invade Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"900"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89737 | 573040dd947a6a140053d33a | The_Blitz | In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler ... | What did Erich Raeder believe the Luftwaffe needed to do? | What did Erich Raeder believe the Luftwaffe needed to do? | [
"What did Erich Raeder believe the Luftwaffe needed to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"support the German submarine force"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94545 | 57269470dd62a815002e8a34 | Queen_(band) | In February 1981, Queen travelled to South America as part of The Game Tour, and became the first major rock band to play in Latin American stadiums. The tour included five shows in Argentina, one of which drew the largest single concert crowd in Argentine history with an audience of 300,000 in Buenos Aires and two con... | What band was the first major band to play in Latin American stadiums? | What band was the first major band to play in Latin American stadiums? | [
"What band was the first major band to play in Latin American stadiums?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67824 | 572e898bc246551400ce42fb | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ... | Where was the city originally located? | Where was the city originally located? | [
"Where was the city originally located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Albemarle Point"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46346 | 5ad3eb39604f3c001a3ff70d | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general... | What university did Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn get his degree from? | What university did Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn get his degree from? | [
"What university did Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn get his degree from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45154 | 56df28373277331400b4d9c5 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced th... | What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label? | What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label? | [
"What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10404 | 5acf7cec77cf76001a684f4b | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour.... | Which outlet did news supplements find success in? | Which outlet did news supplements find success in? | [
"Which outlet did news supplements find success in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30065 | 572a54e07a1753140016aeb2 | CBC_Television | On November 30, 2010, CBC's senior director of regulatory affairs issued a letter to the CRTC regarding CBC's plans for transitioning to digital. The letter states, "CBC/Radio-Canada will not be converting its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to digital after August 31, 2011." On December 16, 2010, some mo... | On which day did CBC release an updated announcement stating they were striving to update all 27 transmitters? | On which day did CBC release an updated announcement stating they were striving to update all 27 transmitters? | [
"On which day did CBC release an updated announcement stating they were striving to update all 27 transmitters?"
] | {
"text": [
"On December 16, 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105224 | 572703e65951b619008f849f | History_of_science | Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He... | What language did the work of Brahmagupta and Aryabhata have to be translated from? | What language did the work of Brahmagupta and Aryabhata have to be translated from? | [
"What language did the work of Brahmagupta and Aryabhata have to be translated from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabic"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30230 | 5acd57aa07355d001abf3dfa | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Raleigh is an expansive, diverse, and fast-growing suburban area of the city that is home to established neighborhoods to the south along with many newly built subdivisions and along its northern fringes. The area generally falls North of Millbrook Road. It is primarily suburban with large shopping areas. Primary... | What area does US 90 run through? | What area does US 90 run through? | [
"What area does US 90 run through?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75901 | 57060cc575f01819005e78f5 | The_Times | The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman, created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931. It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated. The font was supervised by Morison and drawn by ... | What is the name of the typeface that Times New Roman is based on? | What is the name of the typeface that Times New Roman is based on? | [
"What is the name of the typeface that Times New Roman is based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Plantin"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69182 | 5ad420c6604f3c001a400718 | Houston | In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintai... | How many foreign banks operate in Texas? | How many foreign banks operate in Texas? | [
" How many foreign banks operate in Texas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5838 | 5706b9072eaba6190074ac7f | House_music | Towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, producers such as Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain and DJ Falcon began producing a new sound out of Paris's house scene. Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement. By combining the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy... | Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene? | Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene? | [
"Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris's house scene"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32024 | 5726f64b708984140094d722 | Myanmar | Sanctions imposed by the United States and European countries against the former military government, coupled with boycotts and other direct pressure on corporations by supporters of the democracy movement, have resulted in the withdrawal from the country of most US and many European companies. On 13 April 2012 British... | What was the result for internationals companies attempting to conduct business in Burma ? | What was the result for internationals companies attempting to conduct business in Burma ? | [
"What was the result for internationals companies attempting to conduct business in Burma ? "
] | {
"text": [
"the withdrawal from the country of most US and many European companies"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101607 | 56d5d7fa1c85041400946e26 | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | [
"According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog?"
] | {
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17657 | 56cf469eaab44d1400b88efc | Spectre_(2015_film) | In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director t... | Which two consecutive Bond films did Mendes direct? | Which two consecutive Bond films did Mendes direct? | [
"Which two consecutive Bond films did Mendes direct?"
] | {
"text": [
"Skyfall and Spectre"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27032 | 5a57b8de770dc0001aeefcf0 | Orthodox_Judaism | Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att... | What comprises a fairly narrow spectrum of movements? | What comprises a fairly narrow spectrum of movements? | [
"What comprises a fairly narrow spectrum of movements?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92774 | 5a6fe5818abb0b001a676023 | Alsace | It was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more official status. T... | When was the Vice-Chancellor elected? | When was the Vice-Chancellor elected? | [
"When was the Vice-Chancellor elected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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