gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-11425 | 572790105951b619008f8d97 | North_Carolina | Besides slaves, there were a number of free people of color in the state. Most were descended from free African Americans who had migrated along with neighbors from Virginia during the 18th century. The majority were the descendants of unions in the working classes between white women, indentured servants or free, and ... | Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century? | Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century? | [
"Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Virginia"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42844 | 570d5904fed7b91900d45ee9 | Franco-Prussian_War | According to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and parliament demanded a war, wh... | What was the purpose of editing the dispatch? | What was the purpose of editing the dispatch? | [
"What was the purpose of editing the dispatch?"
] | {
"text": [
"to make it appear that the French had been insulted"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11798 | 56fae79e8f12f31900630290 | Somalis | The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15–23 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a tw... | For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete? | For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete? | [
"For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete?"
] | {
"text": [
"Djibouti"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32251 | 5ad23a42d7d075001a42884e | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? | What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? | [
"What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60527 | 5ace319832bba1001ae49d7f | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated tha... | During what census were there 21,407 families residing in the city? | During what census were there 21,407 families residing in the city? | [
"During what census were there 21,407 families residing in the city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11961 | 56e14b3bcd28a01900c6775e | Universal_Studios | Universal owned the rights to the "Oswald the Lucky Rabbit" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with ... | What character did Walt Disney create in 1928? | What character did Walt Disney create in 1928? | [
"What character did Walt Disney create in 1928?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mickey Mouse"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38258 | 5a7d135170df9f001a874f6a | Neolithic | Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a... | How did Egyptians gather food before raising crops? | How did Egyptians gather food before raising crops? | [
"How did Egyptians gather food before raising crops?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65324 | 5726ffd8dd62a815002e9759 | Crimean_War | A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast, at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854.:521–527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units. At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north ... | What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma? | What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma? | [
"What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minie rifles"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21503 | 5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5b | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions? | What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions? | [
"What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?"
] | {
"text": [
"syllabary writing system"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46202 | 5ad3dacc604f3c001a3ff3c6 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements se... | What Protestant religion encourage interacting with the broader world? | What Protestant religion encourage interacting with the broader world? | [
"What Protestant religion encourage interacting with the broader world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81780 | 5706d97a2eaba6190074ad44 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015. | Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015? | Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015? | [
"Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"casino operating unit"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96451 | 57290621af94a219006a9f7d | Paris | Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees. Two of Paris' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672, and the Luxembourg Gar... | Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664? | Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664? | [
"Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?"
] | {
"text": [
"André Le Nôtre"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88061 | 5a3c7309cc5d22001a521dbc | God | Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of ... | What does a pandeistic god not do? | What does a pandeistic god not do? | [
"What does a pandeistic god not do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25644 | 57310c82a5e9cc1400cdbbdf | Namibia | The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During So... | When was the first Namibian newspaper founded? | When was the first Namibian newspaper founded? | [
"When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1898"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60513 | 5ace258532bba1001ae49bba | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor's residential neighborhoods contain architectural styles ranging from classic 19th-century and early-20th-century designs to ranch-style houses. Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. Surrounding the Unive... | In 1927, the Old West Side neighborhood was placed on what list? | In 1927, the Old West Side neighborhood was placed on what list? | [
"In 1927, the Old West Side neighborhood was placed on what list?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100696 | 572e918dcb0c0d14000f12c8 | Post-punk | The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Grist... | What took a central roll for the emerging post-punk music? | What took a central roll for the emerging post-punk music? | [
"What took a central roll for the emerging post-punk music?"
] | {
"text": [
"studio experimentation"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24611 | 56cede40aab44d1400b88b72 | New_York_City | The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the... | On what island did Zenger's trial occur? | On what island did Zenger's trial occur? | [
"On what island did Zenger's trial occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2638 | 56d28c9259d6e41400146087 | Buddhism | China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of worl... | How many Buddhists are in China? | How many Buddhists are in China? | [
"How many Buddhists are in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"244 million"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7709 | 56ddf08d66d3e219004dae34 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian? | What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian? | [
"What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian?"
] | {
"text": [
"Andronovo"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36391 | 573016ea04bcaa1900d77162 | Printed_circuit_board | Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one locat... | What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed? | What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed? | [
"What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed?"
] | {
"text": [
"cost"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85631 | 5ad2a33cd7d075001a429d41 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test ... | Retailers in what test area reported a success of sales? | Retailers in what test area reported a success of sales? | [
" Retailers in what test area reported a success of sales?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78087 | 5acd719107355d001abf4272 | Strasbourg | As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be re... | In what year was Bibliotheque nationale et universitaire built? | In what year was Bibliotheque nationale et universitaire built? | [
"In what year was Bibliotheque nationale et universitaire built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116172 | 5733fcd74776f4190066165f | Punjab,_Pakistan | The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It... | What religion did Punjab become? | What religion did Punjab become? | [
"What religion did Punjab become?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim"
],
"answer_start": [
1048
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66324 | 5ace948332bba1001ae4aad5 | Brigham_Young_University | BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also admini... | Who sponsors the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City? | Who sponsors the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City? | [
"Who sponsors the schools in Hawaii and Salt Lake City?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109053 | 5726ef205951b619008f82c1 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed? | In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed? | [
"In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?"
] | {
"text": [
"a conventional murder-mystery novel"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112606 | 570d80d7fed7b91900d461da | United_States_Army | By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement... | How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm? | How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm? | [
"How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm?"
] | {
"text": [
"500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64736 | 57340e1cd058e614000b68b3 | Portugal | Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Po... | What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal? | What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal? | [
"What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?"
] | {
"text": [
"TAP Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5141 | 56e15bbfe3433e1400422dfd | Boston | Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ... | How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston? | How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston? | [
"How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly 300"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21136 | 5a75142d97ca42001a521e7f | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, which was alrea... | Why did Salvadorans begin an exodus? | Why did Salvadorans begin an exodus? | [
"Why did Salvadorans begin an exodus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61742 | 572a60cefed8de19000d5bcd | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? | What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? | [
"What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? "
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic institutions"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4396 | 56de0a94cffd8e1900b4b56c | Institute_of_technology | Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Educ... | In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located? | In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located? | [
"In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ipoh"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86111 | 5734291d4776f419006619d7 | Tucson,_Arizona | The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North O... | What was John Roll's job title? | What was John Roll's job title? | [
"What was John Roll's job title?"
] | {
"text": [
"chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79748 | 57061edc75f01819005e79ae | MP3 | The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but th... | What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into? | What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into? | [
"What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into?"
] | {
"text": [
"ASPEC"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60176 | 572f986a947a6a140053caba | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" ba... | Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University? | Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University? | [
"Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?"
] | {
"text": [
"the University of Chicago"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88946 | 56df457b8bc80c19004e49d2 | Hunter-gatherer | Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world. | What has been humans' best adaptation in food production? | What has been humans' best adaptation in food production? | [
"What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hunting and gathering"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98798 | 5a5abce09c0277001abe7165 | Heresy | Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs ... | Who was high priest according to Christian tradition? | Who was high priest according to Christian tradition? | [
"Who was high priest according to Christian tradition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112163 | 572909393f37b31900477fc6 | Race_(human_categorization) | In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained... | How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered? | How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered? | [
"How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered?"
] | {
"text": [
"different subspecies"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57556 | 572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1462 | Quran | The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and vice versa. Sur... | What is a chapter of the Quran called? | What is a chapter of the Quran called? | [
"What is a chapter of the Quran called?"
] | {
"text": [
"sura"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88919 | 570f577a80d9841400ab3597 | Circadian_rhythm | Early research into circadian rhythms suggested that most people preferred a day closer to 25 hours when isolated from external stimuli like daylight and timekeeping. However, this research was faulty because it failed to shield the participants from artificial light. Although subjects were shielded from time cues (lik... | What did early research show people preferred as a day length? | What did early research show people preferred as a day length? | [
"What did early research show people preferred as a day length?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 hours"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49780 | 56cd58c362d2951400fa6520 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Wang and Nyima state that after the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364) by the Yuan court, this title appeared frequently with his name in various Tibetan texts, while his Tibetan title "Degsi" (sic properly sde-srid or desi) is seldom mentioned. Wang and Nyima tak... | What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ? | What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ? | [
"What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Education Minister"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63978 | 5ace643a32bba1001ae4a55c | Annelid | No single feature distinguishes Annelids from other invertebrate phyla, but they have a distinctive combination of features. Their bodies are long, with segments that are divided externally by shallow ring-like constrictions called annuli and internally by septa ("partitions") at the same points, although in some speci... | What conceals an annelid's exterior? | What conceals an annelid's exterior? | [
"What conceals an annelid's exterior?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67745 | 5a81c62831013a001a334e8d | Norfolk_Island | Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nation... | What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents lose on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012? | What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents lose on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012? | [
"What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents lose on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41608 | 56d66f3e1c85041400947115 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's ... | What did the state council set up in 2008? | What did the state council set up in 2008? | [
"What did the state council set up in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"counterpart support plan"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109336 | 5a11be2006e79900185c3541 | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | Which Empire ruled the county of Flanders? | Which Empire ruled the county of Flanders? | [
"Which Empire ruled the county of Flanders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62042 | 5725f1c838643c19005acee9 | Chicago_Cubs | The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, whi... | What other team besides the Chicago Cubs is tied for being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club? | What other team besides the Chicago Cubs is tied for being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club? | [
"What other team besides the Chicago Cubs is tied for being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atlanta Braves"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29607 | 5ad14f55645df0001a2d1706 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t... | Where did Anne Catherine Emmerich live? | Where did Anne Catherine Emmerich live? | [
"Where did Anne Catherine Emmerich live?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109122 | 57276a08f1498d1400e8f79f | Carnival | In India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival. The largest celebration takes place in the city of Panjim which was part of Velha Conquista, Goa, but now is celebrat... | What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean? | What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean? | [
"What does the Indian word \"Intruz\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"swindler"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27947 | 5acd5cc607355d001abf3edb | Energy | In particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are simply lowest qua... | In what type of physics, does this equality permit a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum? | In what type of physics, does this equality permit a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum? | [
"In what type of physics, does this equality permit a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2062 | 5ad173ad645df0001a2d1c4e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or "doughboys" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offe... | Who had overall command of the African forces in Europe? | Who had overall command of the African forces in Europe? | [
" Who had overall command of the African forces in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51273 | 572b3335be1ee31400cb8298 | Empiricism | In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "f... | What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called? | What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called? | [
"What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2859 | 5acd8d4907355d001abf46f7 | British_Isles | As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shor... | Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country? | Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country? | [
"Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102437 | 5ad3c57b604f3c001a3feffd | High-definition_television | A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source. | A very low resolution source may require more of what? | A very low resolution source may require more of what? | [
" A very low resolution source may require more of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27833 | 5acd409f07355d001abf3a67 | Energy | Sunlight may be stored as gravitational potential energy after it strikes the Earth, as (for example) water evaporates from oceans and is deposited upon mountains (where, after being released at a hydroelectric dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce electricity). Sunlight also drives many weathe... | This drives no weather phenomena, save those generated by volcanic events. | This drives no weather phenomena, save those generated by volcanic events. | [
"This drives no weather phenomena, save those generated by volcanic events."
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85375 | 57280908ff5b5019007d9b7c | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board? | How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board? | [
"How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board?"
] | {
"text": [
"chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22844 | 5735ad64e853931400426abe | Kathmandu | Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), w... | When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin? | When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin? | [
"When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1956"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42036 | 5730b3dd069b531400832288 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ... | What was Sega's CD add-on? | What was Sega's CD add-on? | [
"What was Sega's CD add-on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mega-CD"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66911 | 57283b36ff5b5019007d9f9e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metrop... | Where was the UAOC protest held? | Where was the UAOC protest held? | [
"Where was the UAOC protest held?"
] | {
"text": [
"near St. Sophia’s Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77328 | 573218f2e17f3d1400422688 | Armenians | In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. The... | Who invaded Armenia in 1064? | Who invaded Armenia in 1064? | [
"Who invaded Armenia in 1064?"
] | {
"text": [
"Seljuk Turks"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2653 | 56d2924159d6e414001460c2 | Buddhism | Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit. | What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? | What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? | [
"What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Theravadin"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16840 | 5725b83b271a42140099d0ab | Israel | After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish H... | When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine? | When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine? | [
"When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?"
] | {
"text": [
"1947"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56643 | 57278ca1708984140094e099 | Gramophone_record | Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound being collected by a horn and piped to a diaphragm, which vibrated the cutting stylus. Sensitivity and frequency range were poor, and frequency response was very irregular, giving acoustic recordings an instantly recognizable tonal quality. A singer practicall... | What were two drawback of early recordings? | What were two drawback of early recordings? | [
"What were two drawback of early recordings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sensitivity and frequency range were poor"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110598 | 572679f3708984140094c75f | Professional_wrestling | While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "soap opera for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of literature and theatre; a synthesis of classical heroics, commedia dell'arte, revenge tragedies, morality plays, and burlesque. The characters and storylines portrayed by a succ... | What role does wrestling fill? | What role does wrestling fill? | [
"What role does wrestling fill?"
] | {
"text": [
"past forms of literature and theatre;"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90322 | 5727d5153acd2414000deda3 | Tibet | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish? | What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish? | [
"What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lhasa state"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61523 | 57280b934b864d19001642f2 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? | Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? | [
"Who referred St. John's as St. \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\" ? "
] | {
"text": [
"William Payne"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2532 | 56d24a6fb329da140004ecff | Buddhism | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? | What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? | [
"What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tantric"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108490 | 572bd7e52babe914003c2959 | Tennessee | The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named... | What nationality was Juan Pardo? | What nationality was Juan Pardo? | [
"What nationality was Juan Pardo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68773 | 572f0de5c246551400ce4879 | Modern_history | The Scientific Revolution was a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected and led to doctrines supplanting those that had prevailed from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages which would lead to a transition to modern science. T... | What did Scientific Revolution form? | What did Scientific Revolution form? | [
"What did Scientific Revolution form?"
] | {
"text": [
"several modern scientific fields."
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104310 | 5ad2131dd7d075001a428321 | Mandolin | The international repertoire of music for mandolin is almost unlimited, and musicians use it to play various types of music. This is especially true of violin music, since the mandolin has the same tuning of the violin. Following its invention and early development in Italy the mandolin spread throughout the European c... | Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was not just a fad? | Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was not just a fad? | [
" Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was not just a fad?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65638 | 5728c740ff5b5019007da688 | Detroit | Known as the world's automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for that industry. Detroit's auto industry, some of which was converted to wartime defense production, was an important element of the American "Arsenal of Democracy" supporting the Allied powers during World War II. It is an important source of popular mus... | What "Arsenal" was Detroit a part of ? | What "Arsenal" was Detroit a part of ? | [
"What \"Arsenal\" was Detroit a part of ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arsenal of Democracy"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91637 | 5726af935951b619008f7a63 | Botany | Modern morphology recognizes a continuum between the major morphological categories of root, stem (caulome), leaf (phyllome) and trichome. Furthermore, it emphasizes structural dynamics. Modern systematics aims to reflect and discover phylogenetic relationships between plants. Modern Molecular phylogenetics largely ign... | What kind of relationships does systematics aim to discover? | What kind of relationships does systematics aim to discover? | [
"What kind of relationships does systematics aim to discover?"
] | {
"text": [
"phylogenetic"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49041 | 5acebb2432bba1001ae4b210 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relatin... | What happened in 346? | What happened in 346? | [
"What happened in 346?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71887 | 572700fe708984140094d839 | Capacitor | The maximum energy is a function of dielectric volume, permittivity, and dielectric strength. Changing the plate area and the separation between the plates while maintaining the same volume causes no change of the maximum amount of energy that the capacitor can store, so long as the distance between plates remains much... | What is a function of the amount of dielectric, the strength of dielectric and its permittivity? | What is a function of the amount of dielectric, the strength of dielectric and its permittivity? | [
"What is a function of the amount of dielectric, the strength of dielectric and its permittivity?"
] | {
"text": [
"The maximum energy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98228 | 56f883c2aef2371900626147 | Alps | The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are sub... | What geological subdivision is located in the north? | What geological subdivision is located in the north? | [
"What geological subdivision is located in the north?"
] | {
"text": [
"Helveticum"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104074 | 570baa0f6b8089140040f9cf | Infrared | IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiatio... | What does the acronym LEDs stand for? | What does the acronym LEDs stand for? | [
"What does the acronym LEDs stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"light-emitting diodes"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51456 | 572b4537f75d5e190021fd57 | Empiricism | Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained... | Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined? | Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined? | [
"Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined?"
] | {
"text": [
"in James's published lectures"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112103 | 5728cf173acd2414000dff0a | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized? | Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized? | [
"Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized? "
] | {
"text": [
"perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72503 | 5726872cf1498d1400e8e2dd | Greece | Regarding the classical music, it was through the Ionian islands (which were under western rule and influence) that all the major advances of the western European classical music were introduced to mainland Greeks. The region is notable for the birth of the first School of modern Greek classical music (Heptanesean or I... | When was the first school of modern Greek classical music formed? | When was the first school of modern Greek classical music formed? | [
"When was the first school of modern Greek classical music formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1815"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42489 | 570ff84db654c5140001f706 | Sexual_orientation | Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop pos... | Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys? | Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys? | [
"Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?"
] | {
"text": [
"some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8250 | 5a7cbea9e8bc7e001a9e1fad | Thuringia | Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; th... | Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 3? | Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 3? | [
"Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 3?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19206 | 5733f914d058e614000b66d9 | Premier_League | In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country i... | In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players? | In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players? | [
"In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players?"
] | {
"text": [
"1999"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46540 | 5ad0ab34645df0001a2d0024 | Department_store | Since the opening policy in 1979, the Chinese department stores also develops swiftly along with the fast-growing economy. There are different department store groups dominating different regions. For example, INTIME department store has the biggest market presence in Zhejiang province, while Jinying department stores ... | How are these domestic department stores expanding so quickly? | How are these domestic department stores expanding so quickly? | [
"How are these domestic department stores expanding so quickly?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71014 | 56e786e700c9c71400d77242 | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health P... | What term describes the nature of how the university is partially funded? | What term describes the nature of how the university is partially funded? | [
"What term describes the nature of how the university is partially funded?"
] | {
"text": [
"state-sponsored"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81589 | 5706109452bb891400689842 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand? | By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand? | [
"By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?"
] | {
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66816 | 57281338ff5b5019007d9c8e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party? | Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party? | [
"Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14921 | 5ad3d5b3604f3c001a3ff2da | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees G... | How dis Whitehead believe God provided impermanence to entities? | How dis Whitehead believe God provided impermanence to entities? | [
"How dis Whitehead believe God provided impermanence to entities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57652 | 572ebc97dfa6aa1500f8d335 | Quran | The Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic Norman O. Brown... | How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness? | How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness? | [
"How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness?"
] | {
"text": [
"a literary device"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42188 | 5728a9042ca10214002da551 | Karl_Popper | This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The na... | What key components of science are ineffective when brought to bear on non-scientific theories? | What key components of science are ineffective when brought to bear on non-scientific theories? | [
"What key components of science are ineffective when brought to bear on non-scientific theories?"
] | {
"text": [
"criticism or experiment"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2466 | 56d21d1fe7d4791d0090265b | Buddhism | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | What has an irreversable effect? | What has an irreversable effect? | [
"What has an irreversable effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Three Jewels"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101839 | 56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b2 | Dog | In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bron... | Who owns two dogs with four eyes each in Hindu mythology? | Who owns two dogs with four eyes each in Hindu mythology? | [
"Who owns two dogs with four eyes each in Hindu mythology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yama"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98075 | 56e1934be3433e1400422fd4 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms (most of the mass of the universe, however, is not in the form of chemical-element type matter, but rather is postulated to occur as yet-undetected forms of mass such as d... | What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of? | What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of? | [
"What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?"
] | {
"text": [
"dark matter and dark energy"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115052 | 56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf7 | Wayback_Machine | There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports,... | What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website? | What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website? | [
"What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website?"
] | {
"text": [
"technical"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53982 | 56dde7259a695914005b9699 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in? | What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in? | [
"What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Second World War"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23775 | 5acfb0d277cf76001a6858af | Federalism | Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain express p... | What is another word for suppress powers? | What is another word for suppress powers? | [
"What is another word for suppress powers? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16234 | 572ec189cb0c0d14000f1509 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar... | Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members? | Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members? | [
"Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?"
] | {
"text": [
"they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country."
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53868 | 5ad27192d7d075001a42945e | Dialect | One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden o... | Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects? | Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects? | [
"Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50532 | 572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2ae | Neptune | Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons... | What is Neptune's largest moon? | What is Neptune's largest moon? | [
"What is Neptune's largest moon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Triton"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30373 | 5acd633007355d001abf4042 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's b... | What college is in Northwest Raleigh? | What college is in Northwest Raleigh? | [
"What college is in Northwest Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30213 | 5726b1c6f1498d1400e8e7ab | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | West Raleigh lies along Hillsborough Street and Western Boulevard. The area is bordered to the west by suburban Cary. It is home to North Carolina State University, Meredith College, Pullen Park, Pullen Memorial Baptist Church, Cameron Village, Lake Johnson, the North Carolina Museum of Art and historic Saint Mary's Sc... | What is West Raleigh the home of? | What is West Raleigh the home of? | [
"What is West Raleigh the home of?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Carolina State University"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116023 | 5a8ddee1df8bba001a0f9cd8 | Richard_Feynman | Although born to and raised by parents who were Ashkenazi, Feynman was not only an atheist, but declined to be labelled Jewish. He routinely refused to be included in lists or books that classified people by race. He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "... | What religious affiliation did Feynman seek to eliminate? | What religious affiliation did Feynman seek to eliminate? | [
"What religious affiliation did Feynman seek to eliminate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90073 | 5726ad33708984140094cd9c | Somerset | All of the ceremonial county of Somerset is covered by the Avon and Somerset Constabulary, a police force which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire. The Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service was formed in 2007 upon the merger of the Somerset Fire and Rescue Service with its neighbouring Devon service; it... | What is the name of the charitable air ambulance service | What is the name of the charitable air ambulance service | [
"What is the name of the charitable air ambulance service "
] | {
"text": [
"The Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance"
],
"answer_start": [
847
]
} |
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