gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-69831 | 5ad49a4fba00c4001a268d38 | Windows_8 | The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied... | What are apps after the introduction of Windows 9 called? | What are apps after the introduction of Windows 9 called? | [
"What are apps after the introduction of Windows 9 called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41392 | 56d5098a9d1b871400ae0608 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity... | How did the USGS rate the earthquake? | How did the USGS rate the earthquake? | [
"How did the USGS rate the earthquake?"
] | {
"text": [
"very disastrous"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-141 | 56f8ddcc9b226e1400dd113d | Guinea-Bissau | A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Ec... | How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau? | How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"233 days or about 33 weeks"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109372 | 56dddd6766d3e219004dad41 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? | In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? | [
"In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them?"
] | {
"text": [
"1582"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10639 | 56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ef | Comics | Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to ... | Who puts the panels together using closure? | Who puts the panels together using closure? | [
"Who puts the panels together using closure?"
] | {
"text": [
"The reader"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75594 | 5726ddde708984140094d417 | Cubism | The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépenda... | How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912? | How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912? | [
"How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912?"
] | {
"text": [
"Over 200"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25995 | 572699c4dd62a815002e8ab3 | Edmund_Burke | Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the sa... | What was Burke's mother's maiden name? | What was Burke's mother's maiden name? | [
"What was Burke's mother's maiden name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nagle"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112827 | 5a70ca678abb0b001a676194 | Xbox_360 | At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Ed... | Who is the CEO of BT? | Who is the CEO of BT? | [
"Who is the CEO of BT?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84275 | 5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe572 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | Who appoints judges to the presidency? | Who appoints judges to the presidency? | [
"Who appoints judges to the presidency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42248 | 5ad25ac9d7d075001a428e48 | Karl_Popper | To Popper, who was an anti-justificationist, traditional philosophy is misled by the false principle of sufficient reason. He thinks that no assumption can ever be or needs ever to be justified, so a lack of justification is not a justification for doubt. Instead, theories should be tested and scrutinised. It is not th... | Who was a pro-justificationist? | Who was a pro-justificationist? | [
"Who was a pro-justificationist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27330 | 572ee52903f9891900756acb | Transistor | In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage rises, the emitter and collector currents rise exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (... | What position is the switch in when saturated? | What position is the switch in when saturated? | [
"What position is the switch in when saturated?"
] | {
"text": [
"on"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82155 | 5a70dead8abb0b001a6761ee | Pesticide | Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Bi... | What type of pesticides can't be used on organic food? | What type of pesticides can't be used on organic food? | [
"What type of pesticides can't be used on organic food?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66580 | 5acebfb832bba1001ae4b2a1 | Brigham_Young_University | BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 15... | What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church? | What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church? | [
"What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20709 | 56cfd6f8234ae51400d9bf73 | IPod | Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increas... | Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004? | Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004? | [
"Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105033 | 572961c26aef051400154dcc | Palermo | After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ... | Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily? | Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily? | [
"Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palazzo dei Normanni"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59801 | 5acfb9c477cf76001a685aa8 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story ... | When was Zhejiang part of the Lu? | When was Zhejiang part of the Lu? | [
"When was Zhejiang part of the Lu?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60434 | 573015da04bcaa1900d77155 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2... | What is the name of the Washington University sports teams? | What is the name of the Washington University sports teams? | [
"What is the name of the Washington University sports teams?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bears"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100693 | 5a284d38d1a287001a6d0b2d | Post-punk | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | What band was formed after Public Image Ltd? | What band was formed after Public Image Ltd? | [
"What band was formed after Public Image Ltd?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37726 | 5728c5532ca10214002da762 | London | There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuri... | The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month? | The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month? | [
"The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month?"
] | {
"text": [
"November"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99212 | 5a8a23513b2508001a72a672 | 51st_state | Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has ele... | What are democrats not allowed to vote on? | What are democrats not allowed to vote on? | [
"What are democrats not allowed to vote on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36381 | 57301519b2c2fd1400568829 | Printed_circuit_board | The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resista... | What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well? | What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well? | [
"What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well?"
] | {
"text": [
"current"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53625 | 56e826b000c9c71400d775d9 | Dialect | Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own... | What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism? | What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism? | [
"What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"the French Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25033 | 56cffbdd234ae51400d9c1f5 | New_York_City | New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television ... | The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York? | The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York? | [
"The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"WNYC"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83965 | 5a7e169d70df9f001a8754ae | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What allowed the reduction of Arabic translations during the 5th century? | What allowed the reduction of Arabic translations during the 5th century? | [
"What allowed the reduction of Arabic translations during the 5th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26523 | 5a53c33ebdaabd001a38670b | University | Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very sp... | How many different forms did the student run model take? | How many different forms did the student run model take? | [
"How many different forms did the student run model take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35131 | 571a746210f8ca1400305050 | Memory | The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid ... | Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events? | Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events? | [
"Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events?"
] | {
"text": [
"levels that have increased drastically"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56837 | 5727ce6e3acd2414000decdf | Gramophone_record | In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories. IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touch... | What is the primary use of IRENE? | What is the primary use of IRENE? | [
"What is the primary use of IRENE?"
] | {
"text": [
"retrieve the information"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95418 | 57268ff4dd62a815002e89aa | Yale_University | Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten ... | When was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" approved? | When was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" approved? | [
"When was \"An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School\" approved?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 9, 1701"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105537 | 5a54ff94134fea001a0e17c1 | Communications_in_Somalia | Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera... | How many years will the first phase take? | How many years will the first phase take? | [
"How many years will the first phase take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69765 | 5ad4978fba00c4001a268cd6 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Mic... | How doesn't secure boot help avert boot process infections? | How doesn't secure boot help avert boot process infections? | [
"How doesn't secure boot help avert boot process infections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68461 | 5a36b63895360f001af1b320 | George_VI | George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire. The Statute of Westminster 1931 had already acknowledged the evolution of the Dominions into separate sovereign states. The process of transformation from an empire to a voluntary association of independent states, known as the Commonwealt... | In what year did Clement Attlee become the minister? | In what year did Clement Attlee become the minister? | [
"In what year did Clement Attlee become the minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17637 | 5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f6 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice ... | Who commented on the nature of Franz Oberhauser? | Who commented on the nature of Franz Oberhauser? | [
"Who commented on the nature of Franz Oberhauser?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20956 | 5acfc75377cf76001a685f09 | Prime_minister | Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitutio... | What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922 | What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922 | [
"What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30044 | 572a52b4b8ce0319002e2aae | CBC_Television | In markets where a digital transmitter was installed, existing coverage areas were not necessarily maintained. For instance, the CBC implemented a digital transmitter covering Fredericton, New Brunswick in the place of the existing transmitter covering Saint John, New Brunswick and Fredericton, and decided to maintain ... | How many people were previously served by analogue transmitters before the upgrade? | How many people were previously served by analogue transmitters before the upgrade? | [
"How many people were previously served by analogue transmitters before the upgrade?"
] | {
"text": [
"303,465"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41210 | 5731926ca5e9cc1400cdc0e1 | Egypt | The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant ... | After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? | After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? | [
"After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9690 | 5725e17789a1e219009ac023 | Montevideo | Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style. The church was originally part of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, but is presently in the parish of the Ecclesiastic C... | What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in? | What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in? | [
"What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romanesque Revival style"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106573 | 57262779271a42140099d5f0 | East_India_Company | The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company als... | how many employees were in the factories in India? | how many employees were in the factories in India? | [
"how many employees were in the factories in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
715
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37171 | 572784dcf1498d1400e8fa97 | Switzerland | Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was sev... | What was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis? | What was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis? | [
"What was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis?"
] | {
"text": [
"a crucial rail link through Vichy France"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63367 | 5725c6fd38643c19005acccc | Buckingham_Palace | The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant... | Who sold Buckingham house in 1761? | Who sold Buckingham house in 1761? | [
"Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir Charles Sheffield"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83164 | 56dedbce3277331400b4d76f | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger's autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called "The Secret" to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California. | What's the title of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? | What's the title of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? | [
"What's the title of Schwarzenegger's autobiography?"
] | {
"text": [
"Total Recall"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11862 | 56faed86f34c681400b0c1bc | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country? | Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country? | [
"Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46503 | 5ad0a984645df0001a2cfff2 | Department_store | David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London. Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones. When the partn... | When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton start? | When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton start? | [
"When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89667 | 5730271b04bcaa1900d77255 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | What was the Luftwaffe's second primary policy? | What was the Luftwaffe's second primary policy? | [
"What was the Luftwaffe's second primary policy?"
] | {
"text": [
"to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6999 | 57314067a5e9cc1400cdbdbf | Red | As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to the eye, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles due to Rayleigh scattering, changing the final color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, a... | What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight? | What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight? | [
"What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rayleigh"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94327 | 5a7e77b148f7d9001a063720 | Cork_(city) | Public bus services within the city are provided by the national bus operator Bus Éireann. City routes are numbered from 201 through to 219 and connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest. Two of these bus routes provide orbital services across the Northern and So... | What do shuttles provide to Glanmire? | What do shuttles provide to Glanmire? | [
"What do shuttles provide to Glanmire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30815 | 572687585951b619008f75de | Mexico_City | North of the Historic Center, Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero have important industrial centers and neighborhoods that range from established middle-class colonias such as Claveria and Lindavista to huge low-income housing areas that share hillsides with adjacent municipalities in the State of Mexico. In recent year... | What is Ciudad Satelite? | What is Ciudad Satelite? | [
"What is Ciudad Satelite?"
] | {
"text": [
"a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area."
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109223 | 57278d02f1498d1400e8fbc8 | Carnival | Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks ... | On what day does the main parade take place? | On what day does the main parade take place? | [
"On what day does the main parade take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saturday"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3780 | 56be99b53aeaaa14008c9141 | Beyoncé | In 2011, documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi. Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huf... | Which organization did Beyonce's spokespeople confirm her donations to? | Which organization did Beyonce's spokespeople confirm her donations to? | [
"Which organization did Beyonce's spokespeople confirm her donations to?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Huffington Post"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74480 | 571b49039499d21900609c49 | Asphalt | In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in it... | By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt? | By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt? | [
"By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
958
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49199 | 572764c9f1498d1400e8f755 | Tuberculosis | The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk... | Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa? | Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa? | [
"Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"M. canetti"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53273 | 5a68f3838476ee001a58a8f6 | Sichuan | The Second Sino-Japanese War was soon followed by the resumed Chinese Civil War, and the cities of East China fell to the Communists one after another, the Kuomintang government again tried to make Sichuan its stronghold on the mainland, although it already saw some Communist activity since it was one area on the road ... | What group was the on the defense during the Chinese Civil War? | What group was the on the defense during the Chinese Civil War? | [
"What group was the on the defense during the Chinese Civil War?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91846 | 57267a28f1498d1400e8e104 | Cotton | Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the Frenc... | When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt? | When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt? | [
"When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"1820's,"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43689 | 5726f9d3f1498d1400e8f192 | Korean_War | The Chinese intervention in late October 1950 bolstered the Korean People's Air Force (KPAF) of North Korea with the MiG-15, one of the world's most advanced jet fighters. The fast, heavily armed MiG outflew first-generation UN jets such as the F-80 (United States Air Force) and Gloster Meteors (Royal Australian Air Fo... | Who denied having anything more than an advisory role in the Korean War? | Who denied having anything more than an advisory role in the Korean War? | [
"Who denied having anything more than an advisory role in the Korean War?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21443 | 56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec64 | Adult_contemporary_music | A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format ... | What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams? | What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams? | [
"What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?"
] | {
"text": [
"quiet storm"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95153 | 56df83c756340a1900b29cbe | Alexander_Graham_Bell | After setting up his workshop, Bell continued experiments based on Helmholtz's work with electricity and sound. He also modified a melodeon (a type of pump organ) so that it could transmit its music electrically over a distance. Once the family was settled in, both Bell and his father made plans to establish a teaching... | How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music? | How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music? | [
"How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music?"
] | {
"text": [
"electrically"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25943 | 5a836387e60761001a2eb650 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if dust is present? | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if dust is present? | [
"What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if dust is present?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72060 | 5acf762a77cf76001a684e67 | Capacitor | Capacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. "Axial" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred to as tandem; they ... | How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor not arranged? | How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor not arranged? | [
" How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor not arranged?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91707 | 57274c04708984140094dbd7 | Botany | Unlike in higher animals, where parthenogenesis is rare, asexual reproduction may occur in plants by several different mechanisms. The formation of stem tubers in potato is one example. Particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, m... | Does apomixis only occur in the parent? | Does apomixis only occur in the parent? | [
"Does apomixis only occur in the parent?"
] | {
"text": [
"can also happen in a seed"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15716 | 5726e5ab5951b619008f81bf | Chinese_characters | In addition to strictness in character size and shape, Chinese characters are written with very precise rules. The most important rules regard the strokes employed, stroke placement, and stroke order. Just as each region that uses Chinese characters has standardized character forms, each also has standardized stroke or... | What are written with very precise rules? | What are written with very precise rules? | [
"What are written with very precise rules?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99158 | 572793f2dd62a815002ea0f3 | Turner_Classic_Movies | Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in ... | In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television? | In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television? | [
"In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97275 | 56cf6f874df3c31400b0d796 | Frédéric_Chopin | Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's a... | Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris? | Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris? | [
"Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103006 | 5acd2c8407355d001abf37d2 | Unicode | Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and... | What is fixed-width one byte? | What is fixed-width one byte? | [
"What is fixed-width one byte?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41995 | 5730b0ef396df919000962a8 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese an... | Who designed the SNES controllers? | Who designed the SNES controllers? | [
"Who designed the SNES controllers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lance Barr"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37066 | 5a0cf1a5f5590b0018dab68d | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to ... | Why have governments feared the foundation? | Why have governments feared the foundation? | [
"Why have governments feared the foundation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13573 | 570cf2e7fed7b91900d45b4a | Digestion | Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the ... | What is food formed into before it is swallowed? | What is food formed into before it is swallowed? | [
"What is food formed into before it is swallowed?"
] | {
"text": [
"a bolus"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25379 | 5730cae6aca1c71400fe5acc | Namibia | The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders... | What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from? | What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from? | [
"What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from? "
] | {
"text": [
"Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106145 | 5725bd9f271a42140099d100 | Hellenistic_period | The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor. Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war... | Who was Alexander's sister? | Who was Alexander's sister? | [
"Who was Alexander's sister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cleopatra"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15125 | 572f7cb0b2c2fd140056818a | Hyderabad | Situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, Hyderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. Greater Hydera... | What are the highest hills in Hyderabad? | What are the highest hills in Hyderabad? | [
"What are the highest hills in Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Banjara Hills"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99202 | 5a8a22833b2508001a72a64e | 51st_state | Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). O... | When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results? | When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results? | [
"When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5289 | 5a10f49f06e79900185c3489 | Digimon | The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influence... | What started with a series of real pets? | What started with a series of real pets? | [
"What started with a series of real pets?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36969 | 5a0cb6f8f5590b0018dab51c | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative," and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010. The Foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, expe... | How did the WASH believe it could make a difference in sanitation? | How did the WASH believe it could make a difference in sanitation? | [
"How did the WASH believe it could make a difference in sanitation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-417 | 56f95ecc9e9bad19000a08a4 | Marshall_Islands | In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro. | On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency? | On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency? | [
"On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christmas"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58113 | 57274a8c5951b619008f87c3 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The controversy surrounding affirmative action's effectiveness is based on the idea of class inequality. Opponents of racial affirmative action argue that the program actually benefits middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans at the expense of lower-class European Americans and Asian Americans. ... | Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon? | Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon? | [
"Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon?"
] | {
"text": [
"class inequality"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69382 | 5ad42096604f3c001a400702 | Houston | The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. Syste... | How many local jobs are produced by the University of Texas? | How many local jobs are produced by the University of Texas? | [
" How many local jobs are produced by the University of Texas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43018 | 570d7b36fed7b91900d461b6 | Franco-Prussian_War | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | Which French minister traveled to Versailles to discuss peace? | Which French minister traveled to Versailles to discuss peace? | [
"Which French minister traveled to Versailles to discuss peace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Favre"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86204 | 573437afd058e614000b6b2e | Tucson,_Arizona | For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the... | When is the Tucson Folk Festival held? | When is the Tucson Folk Festival held? | [
"When is the Tucson Folk Festival held?"
] | {
"text": [
"the first Saturday and Sunday of May"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33883 | 572860b02ca10214002da2c3 | Alaska | According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 8... | How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management? | How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management? | [
"How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?"
] | {
"text": [
"23.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71807 | 5726e1755951b619008f813d | Capacitor | In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechani... | Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors? | Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors? | [
"Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ewald Georg von Kleist"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10658 | 56e03cc27aa994140058e3fa | Comics | Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed. | Motion lines and what are often used in comics? | Motion lines and what are often used in comics? | [
"Motion lines and what are often used in comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"abstract symbols"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77012 | 57267d7fdd62a815002e8708 | Dutch_language | Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt... | What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"? | What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"? | [
"What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch \"goud\" or \"zout\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"diphthong"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32503 | 5ad2aed0d7d075001a429ef6 | Antarctica | Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on De... | Where is Massif Vinson located? | Where is Massif Vinson located? | [
"Where is Massif Vinson located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37099 | 5726a8f3dd62a815002e8c40 | Switzerland | Straddling the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Therefore, the Swiss, although predominantly German-speaking, do not form a nation in the sense of a common ethnicity or language; rather, Switzerland's stron... | What do the French Swiss call Switzerland? | What do the French Swiss call Switzerland? | [
"What do the French Swiss call Switzerland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suisse"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32127 | 5728ec424b864d19001650a3 | Myanmar | The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, he... | How is production in the category tallied ? | How is production in the category tallied ? | [
"How is production in the category tallied ?"
] | {
"text": [
"by weight"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84344 | 5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a7 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an... | The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who? | The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who? | [
"The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10820 | 56fdf33b19033b140034cdf7 | Computer | Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term "bugs" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947. | When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth? | When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth? | [
"When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1947"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15339 | 5706498475f01819005e7b0a | Black_people | Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Af... | Where were numerous dark-skinned communities? | Where were numerous dark-skinned communities? | [
"Where were numerous dark-skinned communities? "
] | {
"text": [
"North Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2442 | 56d1fe20e7d4791d009025dd | Buddhism | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas? | What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas? | [
"What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas?"
] | {
"text": [
"bodhisattva vow"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22782 | 57359ddbe853931400426a5d | Kathmandu | Very few historical records exist of the period before the medieval Licchavis rulers. According to Gopalraj Vansawali, a genealogy of Nepali monarchs, the rulers of Kathmandu Valley before the Licchavis were Gopalas, Mahispalas, Aabhirs, Kirants, and Somavanshi. The Kirata dynasty was established by Yalamber. During th... | What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy? | What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy? | [
"What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114586 | 570a6e2f4103511400d596f8 | Emotion | Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani... | Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity? | Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity? | [
"Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Michael C. Graham"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90601 | 572fcd1004bcaa1900d76d53 | Pacific_War | From as early as 1935 Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, of considerable importance to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese... | In what year did the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere expand? | In what year did the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere expand? | [
"In what year did the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere expand?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74303 | 571b08d99499d21900609bee | Asphalt | Asphalt/bitumen is typically stored and transported at temperatures around 150 °C (302 °F). Sometimes diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity; upon delivery, these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture. This mixture is often called "bitumen feedstock", or BFS. Some dump truc... | What truck feature is occasionally used to keep asphalt warm? | What truck feature is occasionally used to keep asphalt warm? | [
"What truck feature is occasionally used to keep asphalt warm?"
] | {
"text": [
"engine exhaust"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99057 | 5a82510831013a001a3353de | Turner_Classic_Movies | Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through ... | Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's 1949 releases? | Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's 1949 releases? | [
"Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's 1949 releases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77228 | 5a299bd203c0e7001a3e184f | United_Nations_Population_Fund | But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning... | How many members does the “Group of 44” have? | How many members does the “Group of 44” have? | [
"How many members does the “Group of 44” have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24376 | 56de0fef4396321400ee2585 | Lighting | Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used ... | Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what? | Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what? | [
"Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what?"
] | {
"text": [
"energy consumption"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39944 | 57279e8c4b864d19001638ae | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history. Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant. Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, co... | What New Haven trial is known to be the longest in the history of Connecticut? | What New Haven trial is known to be the longest in the history of Connecticut? | [
"What New Haven trial is known to be the longest in the history of Connecticut?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Black Panther trials"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43794 | 56cf67034df3c31400b0d71e | Kanye_West | While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broad... | Kanye participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster? | Kanye participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster? | [
"Kanye participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105506 | 5a54fadd134fea001a0e179e | Communications_in_Somalia | Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation. | Which industry in Somalia is not improving? | Which industry in Somalia is not improving? | [
"Which industry in Somalia is not improving?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-695 | 56df65778bc80c19004e4bc9 | Plymouth | Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College. | How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth? | How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth? | [
"How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101823 | 56d63a1e1c8504140094701f | Dog | Medical detection dogs are capable of detecting diseases by sniffing a person directly or samples of urine or other specimens. Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans. Dogs may have as many as 300 million odour recep... | A dog can detect smells in one part per what? | A dog can detect smells in one part per what? | [
"A dog can detect smells in one part per what?"
] | {
"text": [
"trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57662 | 572ebe14cb0c0d14000f14f1 | Quran | A text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itsel... | The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras? | The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras? | [
"The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?"
] | {
"text": [
"early Meccan suras"
],
"answer_start": [
839
]
} |
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