gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-90130 | 5acf8af377cf76001a685188 | Somerset | The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tram... | In what year were the several tramways completed? | In what year were the several tramways completed? | [
"In what year were the several tramways completed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22917 | 5735bf26e853931400426b29 | Kathmandu | Kathmandu valley is described as "an enormous treasure house of art and sculptures", which are made of wood, stone, metal, and terracotta, and found in profusion in temples, shrines, stupas, gompas, chaityasm and palaces. The art objects are also seen in street corners, lanes, private courtyards and in open ground. Mos... | What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley? | What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley? | [
"What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?"
] | {
"text": [
"icons"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55490 | 57266bc7f1498d1400e8df3c | Presbyterianism | The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V). This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God a... | To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine? | To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine? | [
"To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Westminster Confession"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69306 | 5ad421a7604f3c001a400778 | Houston | The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in a... | What company is Jones Hall owned by? | What company is Jones Hall owned by? | [
"What company is Jones Hall owned by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32817 | 5a32dddcbd0d7f001aef94bc | Central_African_Republic | In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings.... | How many childred and teens died due to France overthrowing Bokassa? | How many childred and teens died due to France overthrowing Bokassa? | [
"How many childred and teens died due to France overthrowing Bokassa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91482 | 5ace69ac32bba1001ae4a609 | Avicenna | Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called ... | What text embodies Avicenna's legacy in philosophy? | What text embodies Avicenna's legacy in philosophy? | [
"What text embodies Avicenna's legacy in philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46348 | 57326236e17f3d140042291f | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and th... | Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used? | Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used? | [
"Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jehovah's Witnesses"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100932 | 5a5e44e15bc9f4001a75aeab | Hindu_philosophy | In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concep... | What does Yoga mean? | What does Yoga mean? | [
"What does Yoga mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104541 | 5728bb153acd2414000dfd55 | Mandolin | As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument ... | What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role? | What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role? | [
"What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role? "
] | {
"text": [
"Venezuela"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73602 | 56db419ee7c41114004b4fcb | American_Idol | The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18–49 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever American Idol episode a... | How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol? | How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol? | [
"How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"26.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73753 | 56db670ce7c41114004b50a4 | American_Idol | On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members.... | What did the winner win? | What did the winner win? | [
"What did the winner win?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dream Ticket"
],
"answer_start": [
821
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86594 | 56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d66 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constitu... | Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects? | Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects? | [
"Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?"
] | {
"text": [
"architectural associations"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73859 | 5ad570205b96ef001a10aecf | Warsaw_Pact | One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. | West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany? | West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany? | [
"West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5225 | 56e16ed3cd28a01900c6791a | Boston | Boston is the largest broadcasting market in New England, with the radio market being the 11th largest in the United States. Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO, sports/talk station WEEI, and CBS Radio WBZ. WBZ (AM) broadcasts a news radio format. A variety of commercial FM radio formats serve the area, a... | What Bostom Am radio station is a sports and talk station? | What Bostom Am radio station is a sports and talk station? | [
"What Bostom Am radio station is a sports and talk station?"
] | {
"text": [
"WEEI"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55714 | 57269bf2708984140094cb9d | Presbyterianism | The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV... | What is the name of the largest denomination of Presbyterian church in Vanuatu? | What is the name of the largest denomination of Presbyterian church in Vanuatu? | [
"What is the name of the largest denomination of Presbyterian church in Vanuatu?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44060 | 56d12ea017492d1400aabb91 | Kanye_West | California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. | What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger? | What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger? | [
"What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Donda West Law\""
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95720 | 5ad3e8a6604f3c001a3ff663 | Yale_University | Several campus safety strategies have been pioneered at Yale. The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus. Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city r... | Who were the the last campus police composed of? | Who were the the last campus police composed of? | [
"Who were the the last campus police composed of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37808 | 572fbf77b2c2fd14005683df | Roman_Republic | Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding ari... | What went hand and hand with military success? | What went hand and hand with military success? | [
"What went hand and hand with military success?"
] | {
"text": [
"political success"
],
"answer_start": [
769
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53780 | 56e8355d00c9c71400d77644 | Dialect | In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and r... | What does the term Dariajs refer to? | What does the term Dariajs refer to? | [
"What does the term Dariajs refer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"spoken North African languages"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82859 | 56e0785c7aa994140058e52b | Saint_Helena | Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that rep... | What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004 | What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004 | [
"What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004"
] | {
"text": [
"8%"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80604 | 5726872b5951b619008f75c4 | Data_compression | If the data to be compressed is analog (such as a voltage that varies with time), quantization is employed to digitize it into numbers (normally integers). This is referred to as analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. If the integers generated by quantization are 8 bits each, then the entire range of the analog signal is ... | What has to be compressed in order to perform properly? | What has to be compressed in order to perform properly? | [
"What has to be compressed in order to perform properly? "
] | {
"text": [
"data"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29387 | 573028c2b2c2fd1400568994 | Swaziland | Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominati... | What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland? | What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland? | [
"What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least ten"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49000 | 5aceb49a32bba1001ae4b0da | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its fa... | What epitomized the ethnically uniform world? | What epitomized the ethnically uniform world? | [
"What epitomized the ethnically uniform world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87558 | 5729baed1d046914007795d7 | IBM | Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering bu... | What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.? | What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.? | [
"What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?"
] | {
"text": [
"THINK"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16012 | 5a8311fbe60761001a2eb36b | Infection | The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with... | What can the increase of pathogens be stopped by in an individual? | What can the increase of pathogens be stopped by in an individual? | [
"What can the increase of pathogens be stopped by in an individual?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30433 | 5ace11e632bba1001ae49a32 | Appalachian_Mountains | The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alp... | What do the Alps form a barrier between? | What do the Alps form a barrier between? | [
"What do the Alps form a barrier between?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104687 | 57333da94776f419006607bf | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? | What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? | [
"What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?"
] | {
"text": [
"adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17008 | 5725cdb989a1e219009abefe | Israel | Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the agricultural and industrial sectors over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains and beef. Imports to Israel, totaling $77.59 billion in 2012, include raw materials, military equipment, investment good... | What are the leading exports in Israel? | What are the leading exports in Israel? | [
"What are the leading exports in Israel?"
] | {
"text": [
"electronics, software, computerized systems"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18629 | 5726e9d2dd62a815002e94f6 | Nigeria | NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Age... | What was Nigeria's third satellite called? | What was Nigeria's third satellite called? | [
"What was Nigeria's third satellite called?"
] | {
"text": [
"NigComSat-1"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50338 | 5acecd6532bba1001ae4b4a3 | Neptune | Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ... | What planet is larger than the Gas Giants? | What planet is larger than the Gas Giants? | [
"What planet is larger than the Gas Giants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55340 | 5727e0212ca10214002d9892 | Baptists | Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; t... | When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created? | When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created? | [
"When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1742"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8859 | 572812a04b864d19001643c2 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | [
"Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed?"
] | {
"text": [
"MCA DiscoVision"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96498 | 572770dd5951b619008f89fd | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which t... | Are all sources of the crucification literary? | Are all sources of the crucification literary? | [
"Are all sources of the crucification literary?"
] | {
"text": [
"almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115059 | 5a6b1c23a9e0c9001a4e9ee5 | Wayback_Machine | There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports,... | What kind of sites contain information that the screen shots do not record? | What kind of sites contain information that the screen shots do not record? | [
"What kind of sites contain information that the screen shots do not record?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57566 | 572eafd1c246551400ce4504 | Quran | In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few ... | What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading? | What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading? | [
"What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading?"
] | {
"text": [
"juz'"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47079 | 5726677f5951b619008f71c4 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mo... | What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness? | What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness? | [
"What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness?"
] | {
"text": [
"cry"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70962 | 5acf49b477cf76001a684b0a | University_of_Kansas | The university's Medical Center and University Hospital are located in Kansas City, Kansas. The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita an... | In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's law school? | In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's law school? | [
"In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's law school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11974 | 5ad13ae0645df0001a2d12e7 | Universal_Studios | In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney. In return, Disney released ABC sportscaster Al Michaels from his contract so he could work on NBC's Sunday night NFL football package. However, Universal retained ... | What did NBC Universal do after 60 years? | What did NBC Universal do after 60 years? | [
"What did NBC Universal do after 60 years?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10436 | 56e02acd231d4119001abf6e | Comics | Japanese comics and cartooning (manga),[g] have a history that has been seen as far back as the anthropomorphic characters in the 12th-to-13th-century Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, 17th-century toba-e and kibyōshi picture books, and woodblock prints such as ukiyo-e which were popular between the 17th and 20th centuries. The kib... | What is ukiyo-e an example of? | What is ukiyo-e an example of? | [
"What is ukiyo-e an example of?"
] | {
"text": [
"woodblock prints"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35039 | 5a8ce0a4fd22b3001a8d8f9e | Memory | One question that is crucial in cognitive neuroscience is how information and mental experiences are coded and represented in the brain. Scientists have gained much knowledge about the neuronal codes from the studies of plasticity, but most of such research has been focused on simple learning in simple neuronal circuit... | What are the roles of Covergence-divergence voids? | What are the roles of Covergence-divergence voids? | [
"What are the roles of Covergence-divergence voids?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97163 | 56cbe1996d243a140015edc3 | Frédéric_Chopin | From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and com... | Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts? | Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts? | [
"Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander I"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98134 | 56e1a41ee3433e1400423072 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen is commonly used in power stations as a coolant in generators due to a number of favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules. These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases. | What are these properties? | What are these properties? | [
"What are these properties?"
] | {
"text": [
"low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46900 | 5a8c7f23fd22b3001a8d894d | Textual_criticism | The process of selectio resembles eclectic textual criticism, but applied to a restricted set of hypothetical hyparchetypes. The steps of examinatio and emendatio resemble copy-text editing. In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be... | What process is not used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available? | What process is not used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available? | [
"What process is not used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11527 | 5727b0e53acd2414000de9e7 | North_Carolina | North Carolina provides a large range of recreational activities, from swimming at the beach to skiing in the mountains. North Carolina offers fall colors, freshwater and saltwater fishing, hunting, birdwatching, agritourism, ATV trails, ballooning, rock climbing, biking, hiking, skiing, boating and sailing, camping, c... | What is another name for caving? | What is another name for caving? | [
"What is another name for caving?"
] | {
"text": [
"spelunking"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7761 | 56ddfe654396321400ee2532 | Iranian_languages | As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw: | What languages share a similar situation? | What languages share a similar situation? | [
"What languages share a similar situation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nuristani languages"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5152 | 56e15ea9cd28a01900c6781d | Boston | Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communit... | Whos is the late Mayor of Boston? | Whos is the late Mayor of Boston? | [
"Whos is the late Mayor of Boston?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Menino"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12981 | 56dcf6c666d3e219004dab62 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in B... | What is the name of Sassou's personal army? | What is the name of Sassou's personal army? | [
"What is the name of Sassou's personal army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cobras"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31259 | 5a63abd47f3c80001a150b03 | Germans | The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G... | Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's? | Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's? | [
"Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25966 | 57098d1bed30961900e842e1 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What are most commercial ores? | What are most commercial ores? | [
"What are most commercial ores?"
] | {
"text": [
"sulfides"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81658 | 57062dc675f01819005e7a2a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic C... | Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn? | Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn? | [
"Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?"
] | {
"text": [
"to develop a new roadway"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44195 | 5731df190fdd8d15006c65d7 | Bras%C3%ADlia | A series of low-lying annexes (largely hidden) flank both ends. Also in the square are the glass-faced Planalto Palace housing the presidential offices, and the Palace of the Supreme Court. Farther east, on a triangle of land jutting into the lake, is the Palace of the Dawn (Palácio da Alvorada; the presidential reside... | What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean? | What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean? | [
"What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palace of the Dawn"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82521 | 56e7666737bdd419002c3f41 | Daylight_saving_time | Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l... | What does earlier milk delivery do to cows? | What does earlier milk delivery do to cows? | [
"What does earlier milk delivery do to cows?"
] | {
"text": [
"disrupts their systems"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87513 | 5a68da0f8476ee001a58a7ea | IBM | In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by For... | How profitable was Forbes considered in 2012? | How profitable was Forbes considered in 2012? | [
"How profitable was Forbes considered in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92692 | 5a6fdbdd8abb0b001a675fbf | Alsace | By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmud... | Who decreased antisemitism in 1806? | Who decreased antisemitism in 1806? | [
"Who decreased antisemitism in 1806?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49344 | 5a871fcb1d3cee001a6a10fa | Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2005, while new cases have decreased since 2002. China has achieved particularly dramatic progress, with about an 80% reduction in its TB mortalit... | Which named country tests positive for TB in about 80% of its population? | Which named country tests positive for TB in about 80% of its population? | [
"Which named country tests positive for TB in about 80% of its population?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96783 | 5a8cbcd7fd22b3001a8d8dc0 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central import... | What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice? | What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice? | [
"What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44745 | 56f8af2b9e9bad19000a030a | Gene | Firstly, flanking the open reading frame, all genes contain a regulatory sequence that is required for their expression. In order to be expressed, genes require a promoter sequence. The promoter is recognized and bound by transcription factors and RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.:7.1 A gene can have more than ... | How is a promoter sequence recognized? | How is a promoter sequence recognized? | [
"How is a promoter sequence recognized?"
] | {
"text": [
"by transcription factors and RNA polymerase"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58523 | 570e5bf50b85d914000d7e6f | Sanskrit | St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Langua... | What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study? | What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study? | [
"What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sydney Grammar School"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104577 | 573263d4b9d445190005eadc | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on o... | How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices? | How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices? | [
"How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?"
] | {
"text": [
"trillions of U.S. dollars"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17388 | 570e4eaf0dc6ce1900204f3d | Uranium | Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature. Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly. When finely divided, it ca... | What coats uranium metal in air? | What coats uranium metal in air? | [
"What coats uranium metal in air?"
] | {
"text": [
"uranium oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105235 | 572713ce708984140094d965 | History_of_science | Mathematics: From the earliest the Chinese used a positional decimal system on counting boards in order to calculate. To express 10, a single rod is placed in the second box from the right. The spoken language uses a similar system to English: e.g. four thousand two hundred seven. No symbol was used for zero. By the 1s... | What method did early Chinese mathematicians use to calculate? | What method did early Chinese mathematicians use to calculate? | [
"What method did early Chinese mathematicians use to calculate?"
] | {
"text": [
"a positional decimal system on counting boards"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48506 | 5a839623e60761001a2eb7eb | War_on_Terror | Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remai... | What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan? | What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan? | [
"What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103208 | 571ddffdb64a571400c71dbd | Multiracial_American | In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many ... | Prior to the 1900s, what was the socially accepted rule for racial interpretation? | Prior to the 1900s, what was the socially accepted rule for racial interpretation? | [
"Prior to the 1900s, what was the socially accepted rule for racial interpretation?"
] | {
"text": [
"judging a person by appearance and association."
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14169 | 56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0b | Brain | The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ... | A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what? | A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what? | [
"A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the reticular formation"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111379 | 5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ec | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same... | What was a Roman general's most extreme offering? | What was a Roman general's most extreme offering? | [
"What was a Roman general's most extreme offering?"
] | {
"text": [
"devotio"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104604 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | [
"How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50375 | 572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1ec | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | On Neptune, what do clouds above five bars consist of? | On Neptune, what do clouds above five bars consist of? | [
"On Neptune, what do clouds above five bars consist of? "
] | {
"text": [
"ammonia, ammonium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and water"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82545 | 56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb3 | Daylight_saving_time | DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ... | What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.? | What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.? | [
"What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gordon Gund"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-251 | 56f9519a9e9bad19000a0828 | Marshall_Islands | The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country... | How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands? | How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands? | [
"How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"29"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105646 | 56e1c861cd28a01900c67b7d | Communications_in_Somalia | As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera... | What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009? | What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009? | [
"What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Global Internet Company"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15040 | 5ad3dc50604f3c001a3ff3fa | Alfred_North_Whitehead | This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Su... | What other science book did Cobb go on to author? | What other science book did Cobb go on to author? | [
" What other science book did Cobb go on to author?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58728 | 572a9ea0be1ee31400cb80cb | Rajasthan | The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River,... | Which mountain range goes through Rajasthan? | Which mountain range goes through Rajasthan? | [
"Which mountain range goes through Rajasthan?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Aravalli Range"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70925 | 573216f8e99e3014001e64f4 | Bird | Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zea... | In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today? | In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today? | [
"In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?"
] | {
"text": [
"moas"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50006 | 56fc2fec2603e71400409fff | Phonology | The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as "the study of sound pertaining to the system of la... | Who in 1939 defined phonology? | Who in 1939 defined phonology? | [
"Who in 1939 defined phonology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nikolai Trubetzkoy"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38917 | 572996956aef051400154ffa | Serbo-Croatian | The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an... | How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have? | How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have? | [
"How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105867 | 5a56842a6349e2001acdcddc | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clea... | Where is the metal reflective layer located? | Where is the metal reflective layer located? | [
"Where is the metal reflective layer located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36677 | 5a8485907cf838001a46a8d0 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions dur... | What did Dick Armey serve as from 2007-2011? | What did Dick Armey serve as from 2007-2011? | [
"What did Dick Armey serve as from 2007-2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5350 | 5727a40bff5b5019007d91af | Digimon | "Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the ... | What happens to a digimon after they evolve? | What happens to a digimon after they evolve? | [
"What happens to a digimon after they evolve?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108850 | 5a7d0f8a70df9f001a874f47 | Literature | As a more urban culture developed, academies provided a means of transmission for speculative and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature in Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome. Many works of earlier periods, even in narrative form, had a c... | What genres developed as suburban culture provided a bigger audience? | What genres developed as suburban culture provided a bigger audience? | [
"What genres developed as suburban culture provided a bigger audience?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100321 | 5acd3c4d07355d001abf39b8 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each. | Which navigational system is regional and consists of five satellites? | Which navigational system is regional and consists of five satellites? | [
"Which navigational system is regional and consists of five satellites? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55286 | 5727dbdf3acd2414000dee3b | Baptists | A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, ... | General Baptists shared similarities with who? | General Baptists shared similarities with who? | [
"General Baptists shared similarities with who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dutch Waterlander Mennonites"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5118 | 56e15659e3433e1400422dd7 | Boston | Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. ... | What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as? | What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as? | [
"What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston slang"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52126 | 572a76c2fed8de19000d5c3e | Miami | The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in... | How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? | How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? | [
"How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14345 | 572ee20bdfa6aa1500f8d492 | Han_dynasty | Students from the Imperial University organized a widespread student protest against the eunuchs of Emperor Huan's court. Huan further alienated the bureaucracy when he initiated grandiose construction projects and hosted thousands of concubines in his harem at a time of economic crisis. Palace eunuchs imprisoned the o... | Students from what university led a protest against members of Huan's court? | Students from what university led a protest against members of Huan's court? | [
"Students from what university led a protest against members of Huan's court?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imperial"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108652 | 572c9ab62babe914003c29a7 | Tennessee | During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the wh... | What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900? | What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900? | [
"What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"23.8"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78289 | 5727985b708984140094e1c4 | Child_labour | Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Childre... | What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have? | What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have? | [
"What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have?"
] | {
"text": [
"babysitting"
],
"answer_start": [
968
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69087 | 572fac0904bcaa1900d76bb3 | Modern_history | In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United... | What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats? | What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats? | [
"What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112518 | 570d58c8b3d812140066d6ff | United_States_Army | Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unles... | What were National Guard members considered before 1903? | What were National Guard members considered before 1903? | [
"What were National Guard members considered before 1903?"
] | {
"text": [
"state soldiers"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4066 | 56d4e2e12ccc5a1400d832f3 | Beyoncé | Described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego "Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating, "I'm not like... | Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed? | Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed? | [
"Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Allure magazine"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96303 | 5728f0be3acd2414000e023e | Paris | The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre. The banks of the Seine from the Pont de... | What is housed at Les Invalides? | What is housed at Les Invalides? | [
"What is housed at Les Invalides?"
] | {
"text": [
"the tomb of Napoleon"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83254 | 5727b40a3acd2414000dea2b | Dominican_Order | Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith, and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille. This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars. Prior Diego sanctioned the building o... | What group are older than the Dominican Friars? | What group are older than the Dominican Friars? | [
"What group are older than the Dominican Friars?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dominican nuns"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68123 | 5ad42188604f3c001a40076c | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Pri... | Who wasn't the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"? | Who wasn't the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"? | [
"Who wasn't the author of the work entitled, \"The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88650 | 56db74aae7c41114004b5130 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de... | Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event? | Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event? | [
"Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stanley Ho."
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79614 | 573135b1e6313a140071cd28 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, along which the goods were moving from the Black Sea (mainly Byzantine) through eastern Europe to the Baltic, was a cornerstone of Kiev ... | What played a major role in the decline of the Rus? | What played a major role in the decline of the Rus? | [
"What played a major role in the decline of the Rus?"
] | {
"text": [
"decline of Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93623 | 5728b62eff5b5019007da52f | Estonia | Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna... | How tall is the the Suur Munamägi? | How tall is the the Suur Munamägi? | [
"How tall is the the Suur Munamägi?"
] | {
"text": [
"318 metres (1,043 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14168 | 56f984649b226e1400dd14f6 | Brain | A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of abo... | THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what? | THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what? | [
"THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2054 | 5ad1731b645df0001a2d1c21 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Frank... | When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Army operated? | When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Army operated? | [
" When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Army operated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104813 | 573365f4d058e614000b5a14 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise... | Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis? | Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis? | [
"Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northern Rock"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101605 | 56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b4 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes? | What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes? | [
"What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"neutered"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12200 | 56e169e1cd28a01900c678b1 | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that de... | How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013? | How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013? | [
"How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"$16.7 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
838
]
} |
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