gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-32394 | 5ad24ee3d7d075001a428c6d | Antarctica | During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B... | What dominated the land during the Devion period? | What dominated the land during the Devion period? | [
"What dominated the land during the Devion period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63739 | 5727c090ff5b5019007d9467 | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | A USB connection is based on what? | A USB connection is based on what? | [
"A USB connection is based on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"pipes (logical channels)"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34399 | 56f87cd7a6d7ea1400e176d8 | Southampton | There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes... | To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong? | To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong? | [
"To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Conservative"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48864 | 571a8c844faf5e1900b8aa6c | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that th... | Why was Athanasius instructed to stop pretend baptising? | Why was Athanasius instructed to stop pretend baptising? | [
"Why was Athanasius instructed to stop pretend baptising?"
] | {
"text": [
"not been properly catechized"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36987 | 5a0cbb29f5590b0018dab52f | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking w... | What country has been the focus of the foundation's monitoring activities? | What country has been the focus of the foundation's monitoring activities? | [
"What country has been the focus of the foundation's monitoring activities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17943 | 56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a3 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | when was the first commercial isp customer served? | when was the first commercial isp customer served? | [
"when was the first commercial isp customer served?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 1989"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41559 | 56d548552593cc1400307b1d | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been rec... | How many families were still without permanent homes? | How many families were still without permanent homes? | [
"How many families were still without permanent homes?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.94 million"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31249 | 57264984f1498d1400e8db25 | Germans | The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G... | In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes? | In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes? | [
"In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes?"
] | {
"text": [
"German language"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15678 | 5726def0f1498d1400e8ee35 | Chinese_characters | In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-T... | What supports 13,053 characters? | What supports 13,053 characters? | [
"What supports 13,053 characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"BIG-5"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83064 | 56de93f94396321400ee2a35 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally. | What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship? | What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship? | [
"What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Stop the Madness\""
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-240 | 56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fa | Guinea-Bissau | Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO... | What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau? | What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"1987"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89128 | 5acd580307355d001abf3e01 | Hunter-gatherer | Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy." | What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"? | What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"? | [
"What societies can be described as a \"hoarding economy\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101835 | 56d9e3e8dc89441400fdb8ac | Dog | In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim. In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge. In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for... | Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning? | Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning? | [
"Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kimat"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22800 | 57359f64e853931400426a7e | Kathmandu | The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era. Rulers from Tirhut, upon being attacked by Muslims, fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. There was also... | What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake? | What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake? | [
"What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abhaya Malla"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20680 | 56cd59a162d2951400fa652b | IPod | Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually... | What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod? | What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod? | [
"What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?"
] | {
"text": [
"third-party"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84256 | 56de2fe04396321400ee265c | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials? | To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials? | [
"To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials?"
] | {
"text": [
"the performance of their duties"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101721 | 56d62ba51c85041400946f6a | Dog | There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routine... | How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization? | How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization? | [
"How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111642 | 5acd77ff07355d001abf43ac | Education | In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the S... | When did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi die? | When did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi die? | [
"When did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81300 | 5723fc250dadf01500fa1fe5 | Queen_Victoria | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen a... | Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married? | Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married? | [
"Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57228 | 572feebca23a5019007fcb70 | Muslim_world | The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and lat... | When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West? | When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West? | [
"When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
862
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111242 | 5731af92e99e3014001e61cb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Sacrifice to deities of the heavens (di superi, "gods above") was performed in daylight, and under the public gaze. Deities of the upper heavens required white, infertile victims of their own sex: Juno a white heifer (possibly a white cow); Jupiter a white, castrated ox (bos mas) for the annual oath-taking by the consu... | What event was held after the sacrifice? | What event was held after the sacrifice? | [
"What event was held after the sacrifice?"
] | {
"text": [
"banquet"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48628 | 5a85e58cb4e223001a8e7295 | War_on_Terror | Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Sec... | Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan? | Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan? | [
"Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62816 | 5acd120507355d001abf3344 | Pain | In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as apprais... | Who described pain in 1986? | Who described pain in 1986? | [
"Who described pain in 1986?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36010 | 5a73707753a187001ae631bf | Comcast | Comcast announced in May 2007 and launched in September 2008 a dashboard called SmartZone. Hewlett-Packard led "design, creation and management". Collaboration and unified messaging technology came from open-source vendor Zimbra. "SmartZone users will be able to send and receive e-mail, listen to their voicemail messag... | What did Zimbra allow users to do with their contacts? | What did Zimbra allow users to do with their contacts? | [
"What did Zimbra allow users to do with their contacts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106980 | 5735fcb96c16ec1900b928cb | Hunting | From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of th... | Who stated quiet hunting is allowed? | Who stated quiet hunting is allowed? | [
"Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Council of Trent"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105693 | 572ec5f7cb0c0d14000f1539 | Compact_disc | Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD... | What were CD's originally created to store? | What were CD's originally created to store? | [
"What were CD's originally created to store?"
] | {
"text": [
"sound recordings"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59906 | 5acfbdaa77cf76001a685bc5 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, w... | What percent of Zhejiang is flat? | What percent of Zhejiang is flat? | [
"What percent of Zhejiang is flat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41325 | 56cdcb2c62d2951400fa6834 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: "Great Wenchuan earthquake"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 1... | How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt? | How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt? | [
"How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt?"
] | {
"text": [
"months after"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84305 | 5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe720 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t... | Who lacks authority to make laws to govern the armed forces? | Who lacks authority to make laws to govern the armed forces? | [
"Who lacks authority to make laws to govern the armed forces?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41041 | 5a6be76a4eec6b001a80a600 | Predation | A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as ... | How long have bears been apex predators? | How long have bears been apex predators? | [
"How long have bears been apex predators?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-196 | 56f8e7679e9bad19000a06df | Guinea-Bissau | Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225. | How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report? | How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report? | [
"How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report?"
] | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20192 | 5733c4494776f419006611dc | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claim... | What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners? | What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners? | [
"What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ohio State University"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107466 | 5a62468ff8d794001af1bf21 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central of... | Where did much of the direction come for the downstream come from? | Where did much of the direction come for the downstream come from? | [
"Where did much of the direction come for the downstream come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7140 | 5ad4f6815b96ef001a10a7ce | Red | In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlét... | What color card is given for an infraction? | What color card is given for an infraction? | [
"What color card is given for an infraction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13567 | 570cf238fed7b91900d45b3a | Digestion | In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles fro... | What virulence factors do some bacterial species have? | What virulence factors do some bacterial species have? | [
"What virulence factors do some bacterial species have?"
] | {
"text": [
"some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64791 | 57341dde4776f419006618bf | Portugal | Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (2... | Why did God want to act through Afonso? | Why did God want to act through Afonso? | [
"Why did God want to act through Afonso?"
] | {
"text": [
"in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands"
],
"answer_start": [
848
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51205 | 570a9b464103511400d5987e | Old_English | Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin... | Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin? | Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin? | [
"Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30347 | 5acd615d07355d001abf4002 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina Museum of Art, occupying a large suburban campus on Blue Ridge Road near the North Carolina State Fairgrounds, maintains one of the premier public art collections located between Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. In addition to its extensive collections of American Art, European Art and ancient art, the mus... | What architect from Missouri completed the museum? | What architect from Missouri completed the museum? | [
"What architect from Missouri completed the museum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22033 | 5acd71cb07355d001abf427c | Aircraft_carrier | Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s... | Why do nations risk minimal political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict? | Why do nations risk minimal political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict? | [
"Why do nations risk minimal political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61728 | 5ace26c332bba1001ae49bc2 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | What type of educational institution does the term madrasa not cover? | What type of educational institution does the term madrasa not cover? | [
" What type of educational institution does the term madrasa not cover?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41033 | 5726efce708984140094d678 | Predation | A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as ... | For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons? | For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons? | [
"For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?"
] | {
"text": [
"well over a million years"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92828 | 5aceca8332bba1001ae4b417 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is... | Traditional homelands of Talick people included? | Traditional homelands of Talick people included? | [
"Traditional homelands of Talick people included?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78134 | 57275c0c5951b619008f88b4 | Child_labour | In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer ... | Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour | Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour | [
"Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour"
] | {
"text": [
"Poverty"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6259 | 57277421708984140094ddfb | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect tha... | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? | [
"When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pannonia"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50552 | 572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2ca | Neptune | Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large grou... | The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune? | The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune? | [
"The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hubble Space Telescope"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42839 | 570d567ffed7b91900d45ec3 | Franco-Prussian_War | General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen... | What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle? | What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle? | [
"What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Chassepot rifle"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71126 | 5acf5ed177cf76001a684c94 | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also ... | What is the focus of the Salina location's law program? | What is the focus of the Salina location's law program? | [
"What is the focus of the Salina location's law program?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102433 | 56faa8ff8f12f31900630192 | High-definition_television | A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source. | The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high? | The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high? | [
"The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?"
] | {
"text": [
"distort the received picture"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36159 | 572f97ee947a6a140053caae | Printed_circuit_board | Subtractive methods remove copper from an entirely copper-coated board to leave only the desired copper pattern. In additive methods the pattern is electroplated onto a bare substrate using a complex process. The advantage of the additive method is that less material is needed and less waste is produced. In the full ad... | What object is used to expose selected parts of the photosensitive film to light? | What object is used to expose selected parts of the photosensitive film to light? | [
"What object is used to expose selected parts of the photosensitive film to light?"
] | {
"text": [
"mask"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60607 | 5ace3ff232bba1001ae4a07d | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the la... | What dispensary was forced by zoning to move one mile to the east? | What dispensary was forced by zoning to move one mile to the east? | [
"What dispensary was forced by zoning to move one mile to the east?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65923 | 571a076110f8ca1400304edd | Seattle | Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies, and "new economy" Internet and technology companies, service, design and clean technology companies. The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States. The Port of Seatt... | What was Seattle's gross product in 2010? | What was Seattle's gross product in 2010? | [
"What was Seattle's gross product in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"$231 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23427 | 5731cc95e99e3014001e62ab | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university ... | What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of? | What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of? | [
"What did an Arkansas law make it a crime to teach the theory of?"
] | {
"text": [
"that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24151 | 5ad40a15604f3c001a3fff83 | Bermuda | In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The... | What did the Somers Isles Company press in the 17th century? | What did the Somers Isles Company press in the 17th century? | [
"What did the Somers Isles Company press in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10719 | 56fdcc3b19033b140034cd84 | Computer | The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand — this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine... | Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit? | Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit? | [
"Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Babbage"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58912 | 572784ba708984140094dfd5 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years? | What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years? | [
"What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious music"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74875 | 570e808e0b85d914000d7f64 | Melbourne | At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canber... | Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927? | Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927? | [
"Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927?"
] | {
"text": [
"Canberra"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38958 | 572a0b606aef051400155200 | Serbo-Croatian | The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ... | Prior to the 19th century, why was it irrelevant whether a person spoke Croatian or Serbian? | Prior to the 19th century, why was it irrelevant whether a person spoke Croatian or Serbian? | [
"Prior to the 19th century, why was it irrelevant whether a person spoke Croatian or Serbian?"
] | {
"text": [
"two languages were not distinguished by most speakers"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65975 | 571a20744faf5e1900b8a8b4 | Seattle | Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup. Seattle was also home to a previous Major League Baseball franchise in 1969: the Seattle Pilots. The Pilots relocated to Milwauk... | To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969? | To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969? | [
"To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969?"
] | {
"text": [
"Milwaukee, Wisconsin"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21423 | 56e6df336fe0821900b8ec14 | Adult_contemporary_music | This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody ... | What is the target age range of Hot AC stations? | What is the target age range of Hot AC stations? | [
"What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"18-54"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41671 | 56d613011c85041400946efd | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities... | From what airport did the chartered flight leave? | From what airport did the chartered flight leave? | [
"From what airport did the chartered flight leave?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4765 | 5729693f3f37b31900478350 | Green | Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among ... | What is the source of the green color in malachite pigments? | What is the source of the green color in malachite pigments? | [
"What is the source of the green color in malachite pigments?"
] | {
"text": [
"Copper"
],
"answer_start": [
840
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103938 | 570b8f6cec8fbc190045ba77 | Infrared | The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant con... | What sort of light is generated by IR lasers? | What sort of light is generated by IR lasers? | [
"What sort of light is generated by IR lasers?"
] | {
"text": [
"near-IR"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60130 | 5ace116d32bba1001ae49a27 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary," but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary, which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious fa... | Who initially wanted Washington University to be a seminary? | Who initially wanted Washington University to be a seminary? | [
"Who initially wanted Washington University to be a seminary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77947 | 5acd62c407355d001abf403b | Strasbourg | Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Stra... | What political persuasion was French general Henri Gouraud? | What political persuasion was French general Henri Gouraud? | [
"What political persuasion was French general Henri Gouraud?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75318 | 5ad14b77645df0001a2d1613 | Labour_Party_(UK) | Kinnock then resigned as leader and was replaced by John Smith. Smith's leadership once again saw the re-emergence of tension between those on the party's left and those identified as "modernisers", both of whom advocated radical revisions of the party's stance albeit in different ways. At the 1993 conference, Smith su... | What did John Prescott successfully change? | What did John Prescott successfully change? | [
"What did John Prescott successfully change?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15844 | 5734203ed058e614000b6982 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Why do persistent infections occur? | Why do persistent infections occur? | [
"Why do persistent infections occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89820 | 573055502461fd1900a9cd4c | The_Blitz | The relieved British began to assess the impact of the Blitz in August 1941, and the RAF Air Staff used the German experience to improve Bomber Command's offensives. They concluded bombers should strike a single target each night and use more incendiaries because they had a greater impact on production than high explos... | What did the Luftwaffe fail? | What did the Luftwaffe fail? | [
"What did the Luftwaffe fail?"
] | {
"text": [
"failed in precision attack"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109252 | 572791e0f1498d1400e8fc67 | Carnival | J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. It means ""opening of the day". Revelers dress in costumes embodying puns on current affairs, especially political and social events. "Clean Mud" (clay mud), oil paint and body paint are familiar during J'ou... | What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about? | What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about? | [
"What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?"
] | {
"text": [
"current affairs,"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38189 | 57305ed58ab72b1400f9c4ab | Roman_Republic | Roman religious beliefs date back to the founding of Rome, around 800 BC. However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs. Private and personal worship wa... | What religious element could be found in all Roman households? | What religious element could be found in all Roman households? | [
"What religious element could be found in all Roman households?"
] | {
"text": [
"an altar"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11340 | 57277607f1498d1400e8f8ba | North_Carolina | After 1800, cotton and tobacco became important export crops. The eastern half of the state, especially the Tidewater region, developed a slave society based on a plantation system and slave labor. Many free people of color migrated to the frontier along with their European-American neighbors, where the social system w... | After what year did cotton and tobacco become important crops in North Carolina? | After what year did cotton and tobacco become important crops in North Carolina? | [
"After what year did cotton and tobacco become important crops in North Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [
"After 1800"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46102 | 5ad3c4be604f3c001a3fefc8 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but p... | Whose decision was it that members of the Governing Body have "deep truths" imparted to them by the holy spirit? | Whose decision was it that members of the Governing Body have "deep truths" imparted to them by the holy spirit? | [
"Whose decision was it that members of the Governing Body have \"deep truths\" imparted to them by the holy spirit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17882 | 5ad245e3d7d075001a428ab9 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its ... | Many critics praised the film's ending what? | Many critics praised the film's ending what? | [
"Many critics praised the film's ending what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101479 | 5ad29069d7d075001a429a98 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported b... | Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade France? | Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade France? | [
"Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55522 | 5726728f708984140094c667 | Presbyterianism | Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surpl... | Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from? | Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from? | [
"Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from?"
] | {
"text": [
"black Geneva gown"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45858 | 5731b403e99e3014001e61dd | YouTube | In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program, a system based on AdSense which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site. YouTube typically takes 45 percent of the advertising revenue from videos in the Partner Program, with 55 percent going to the uploader. There are... | What percentage of revenue does youtube get for ads on "partner program" channels? | What percentage of revenue does youtube get for ads on "partner program" channels? | [
"What percentage of revenue does youtube get for ads on \"partner program\" channels?"
] | {
"text": [
"45 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107561 | 5726384b38643c19005ad31b | Royal_Dutch_Shell | It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid-2013, following the "Kulluk" incident and, in February 2013, the corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast in 2013, and will instead prepare for future exploration. In January 2014, the corporation announc... | Shell Corporation announced what in January 2014? | Shell Corporation announced what in January 2014? | [
"Shell Corporation announced what in January 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"the extension of the suspension of its drilling program in the Arctic"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45537 | 571a85094faf5e1900b8a9fb | Ashkenazi_Jews | The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians. Biblical Ashkenaz is usually derived from Assyrian Aškūza (cuneiform Aš... | Ashkenaz was the first son of whom? | Ashkenaz was the first son of whom? | [
"Ashkenaz was the first son of whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gomer"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101204 | 5ad27f69d7d075001a429767 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead... | Which Foreign Minister would disagree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? | Which Foreign Minister would disagree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? | [
"Which Foreign Minister would disagree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78191 | 572774cedd62a815002e9d3a | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side? | For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side? | [
"For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side?"
] | {
"text": [
"learn and practice that trade from a very early age"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64396 | 572841842ca10214002da1af | John_von_Neumann | In 1950, von Neumann became a consultant to the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG), whose function was to advise the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the United States Secretary of Defense on the development and use of new technologies. He also became an adviser to the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP), which ... | What military organization did von NEumann also consult with for military aspect of nuclear weapons? | What military organization did von NEumann also consult with for military aspect of nuclear weapons? | [
"What military organization did von NEumann also consult with for military aspect of nuclear weapons?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armed Forces Special Weapons Project"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106214 | 5725cd5838643c19005acd37 | Hellenistic_period | The west Balkan coast was inhabited by various Illyrian tribes and kingdoms such as the kingdom of the Dalmatae and of the Ardiaei, who often engaged in piracy under Queen Teuta (reigned 231 BC to 227 BCE). Further inland was the Illyrian Paeonian Kingdom and the tribe of the Agrianes which covers most of the modern re... | What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts? | What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts? | [
"What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ancient Macedon"
],
"answer_start": [
700
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19370 | 5a3b44b53ff257001ab843ed | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | What does executive branch of little discretion over? | What does executive branch of little discretion over? | [
"What does executive branch of little discretion over?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43943 | 56d11a9217492d1400aab977 | Kanye_West | In August 2008, West revealed plans to open 10 Fatburger restaurants in the Chicago area; the first was set to open in September 2008 in Orland Park. The second followed in January 2009, while a third location is yet to be revealed, although the process is being finalized. His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights t... | When was Kanye's last Fatburger restaurant closed? | When was Kanye's last Fatburger restaurant closed? | [
"When was Kanye's last Fatburger restaurant closed?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16459 | 57318a6305b4da19006bd265 | Muammar_Gaddafi | A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target... | What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons? | What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons? | [
"What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?"
] | {
"text": [
"NATO"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61764 | 572a637c7a1753140016af06 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education? | What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education? | [
"What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim education"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74041 | 5acfa1d377cf76001a68560f | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet? | What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet? | [
"What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36349 | 5ace942432bba1001ae4aacd | Printed_circuit_board | There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (phenolic cotton... | FR-A is one of the what? | FR-A is one of the what? | [
"FR-A is one of the what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34719 | 5a1dbb1a4ea40d0018b06f96 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants? | What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants? | [
"What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79185 | 56cda9c462d2951400fa67e2 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on w... | Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series? | Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series? | [
"Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?"
] | {
"text": [
"Akira Himekawa"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42958 | 570d724bfed7b91900d4612a | Franco-Prussian_War | To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t... | What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports? | What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports? | [
"What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?"
] | {
"text": [
"defences"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59413 | 5726a45cdd62a815002e8bc8 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented ... | What was the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry? | What was the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry? | [
"What was the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"the high cost of primary battery power"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29402 | 57302a10947a6a140053d1f8 | Swaziland | A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at ... | What nation is to the east of Swaziland? | What nation is to the east of Swaziland? | [
"What nation is to the east of Swaziland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mozambique"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111759 | 572bbc0a111d821400f38f6a | Education | Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialties within educat... | Where does education psychology draw from? | Where does education psychology draw from? | [
"Where does education psychology draw from?"
] | {
"text": [
"contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
527
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43382 | 572627b689a1e219009ac3f2 | Korean_War | On 8 September 1945, U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel. Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48). He established control by resto... | Who accepted Japan's surrender? | Who accepted Japan's surrender? | [
"Who accepted Japan's surrender?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gen. John R. Hodge"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101159 | 5726d2bedd62a815002e9162 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little faith either that war could be avoided, or faith in the Polish army, and wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain that would provide a guaranteed support for a two-pronged at... | Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain? | Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain? | [
"Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"capitalist encirclements"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32700 | 5ad2c209d7d075001a42a112 | Antarctica | Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families... | How many children were born in Antarctica as of 2011? | How many children were born in Antarctica as of 2011? | [
"How many children were born in Antarctica as of 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27045 | 5a57d66f770dc0001aeefdf3 | Orthodox_Judaism | Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth... | What do Orthodox men refuse to wear on their heads? | What do Orthodox men refuse to wear on their heads? | [
"What do Orthodox men refuse to wear on their heads?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5106 | 56e152d7cd28a01900c677ca | Boston | Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston. Its business... | What was MIT originally known as? | What was MIT originally known as? | [
"What was MIT originally known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston Tech"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99445 | 573078662461fd1900a9ce40 | 51st_state | The Party of Reconstruction in Sicily, which claimed 40,000 members in 1944, campaigned for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state. This party was one of several Sicilian separatist movements active after the downfall of Italian Fascism. Sicilians felt neglected or underrepresented by the Italian government after the an... | When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen? | When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen? | [
"When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen?"
] | {
"text": [
"1861"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1131 | 572ec78cc246551400ce4650 | Endangered_Species_Act | According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these anim... | Why are there not more arrests from undercover investigations of interstate wildlife commerce? | Why are there not more arrests from undercover investigations of interstate wildlife commerce? | [
"Why are there not more arrests from undercover investigations of interstate wildlife commerce?"
] | {
"text": [
"the US Fish and Wildlife Service revealed that the agency does not have sufficient staff to perform undercover investigations"
],
"answer_start": [
772
]
} |
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