gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-53706 | 56e82e8c00c9c71400d77607 | Dialect | During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official n... | What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language? | What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language? | [
"What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alessandro Manzoni"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23260 | 5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6483 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | Who was Roger Williams? | Who was Roger Williams? | [
"Who was Roger Williams?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baptist theologian"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100685 | 572f6195947a6a140053c902 | Post-punk | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | Which post-punk bands began to branch off into things like dub and dance music? | Which post-punk bands began to branch off into things like dub and dance music? | [
"Which post-punk bands began to branch off into things like dub and dance music?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pop Group and the Slits"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104777 | 57335b42d058e614000b58e2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money... | How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008? | How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008? | [
"How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly tripled from $50 to $147"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94971 | 5710dd62a58dae1900cd6afc | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of what? | Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of what? | [
"Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the development of free speech and thought"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104323 | 5728ab5aff5b5019007da401 | Mandolin | The Sydney Mandolins (Artistic Director: Adrian Hooper) have contributed greatly to the repertoire through commissioning over 200 works by Australian and International composers. Most of these works have been released on Compact Disks and can regularly be heard on radio stations on the ABC and MBS networks. One of thei... | How many commisions of Sydney Mandolins have their been? | How many commisions of Sydney Mandolins have their been? | [
"How many commisions of Sydney Mandolins have their been?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 200 works"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-520 | 56de64cf4396321400ee2876 | Plymouth | Plymouth (i/ˈplɪməθ/) is a city on the south coast of Devon, England, about 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London, between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west where they join Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall. | How many miles away from London is Plymouth? | How many miles away from London is Plymouth? | [
"How many miles away from London is Plymouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"190"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15083 | 572f6358a23a5019007fc5ba | Hyderabad | According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from haydar (lion) and ābād (city). It was named to honour the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen... | Hyderabad was named in honor of someone, who was it? | Hyderabad was named in honor of someone, who was it? | [
"Hyderabad was named in honor of someone, who was it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95067 | 57110273b654c5140001fab5 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that "as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it coul... | How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution? | How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution? | [
"How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"148"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50363 | 572e9983cb0c0d14000f132d | Neptune | At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of ... | Where are absorption bands of methane on Neptune? | Where are absorption bands of methane on Neptune? | [
"Where are absorption bands of methane on Neptune? "
] | {
"text": [
"wavelengths above 600 nm"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20264 | 5a66fd56f038b7001ab0c152 | Glass | Following the glass batch preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace. Soda-lime glass for mass production is melted in gas fired units. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of... | Who were the inventors of molten glass flows? | Who were the inventors of molten glass flows? | [
"Who were the inventors of molten glass flows?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10057 | 57282d253acd2414000df65d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff Mohamed Fawzi considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and ... | Who did Nasser think would prevent Israel from launching an offensive? | Who did Nasser think would prevent Israel from launching an offensive? | [
"Who did Nasser think would prevent Israel from launching an offensive?"
] | {
"text": [
"US"
],
"answer_start": [
943
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40105 | 5727c17c3acd2414000debc6 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Colise... | What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002? | What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002? | [
"What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002? "
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Coliseum"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42997 | 570d785cb3d812140066d9c3 | Franco-Prussian_War | The casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275. Wh... | What were the number of French killed and wounded? | What were the number of French killed and wounded? | [
"What were the number of French killed and wounded?"
] | {
"text": [
"7,855"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41468 | 56d523bd2593cc1400307aaa | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.... | What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant? | What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant? | [
"What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tulong reservoir"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103148 | 571a9a134faf5e1900b8ab1b | Multiracial_American | After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it i... | When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement? | When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement? | [
"When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31828 | 570da669df2f5219002ed0bc | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | Which military section could have a full military structure? | Which military section could have a full military structure? | [
"Which military section could have a full military structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"Homeland air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56586 | 572ed039c246551400ce46d6 | Geography_of_the_United_States | In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and the Midwest experience the worst floods, ... | Where are tornadoes most common on Earth? | Where are tornadoes most common on Earth? | [
"Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"central portions of the U.S."
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60589 | 57277e815951b619008f8b53 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenu... | Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor? | Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor? | [
"Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80100 | 5a625b2ff8d794001af1bf8f | Samoa | The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (... | What number of non-Samoans are in the country? | What number of non-Samoans are in the country? | [
"What number of non-Samoans are in the country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76994 | 57267430dd62a815002e857e | Dutch_language | It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11... | Approximately how many people in the world speak Dutch as a second language? | Approximately how many people in the world speak Dutch as a second language? | [
"Approximately how many people in the world speak Dutch as a second language?"
] | {
"text": [
"5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116371 | 570700329e06ca38007e9298 | Letter_case | Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ... | Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography? | Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography? | [
"Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography?"
] | {
"text": [
"special"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28818 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d2 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic? | What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic? | [
"What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prontosil"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78579 | 5ad292bad7d075001a429acc | Greeks | The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek... | What do Easterners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage | What do Easterners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage | [
"What do Easterners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111210 | 5731a5bfe99e3014001e61a5 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic bl... | To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices pertain? | To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices pertain? | [
"To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices pertain? "
] | {
"text": [
"lawful Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4291 | 56d4f9112ccc5a1400d833b7 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened th... | What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010? | What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010? | [
"What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beyoncé Cosmetology Center"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4669 | 5a6121c8e9e1cc001a33cf89 | Pope_John_XXIII | On 3 December 1963, US President Lyndon B. Johnson posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, in recognition of the good relationship between Pope John XXIII and the United States of America. In his speech on 6 December 1963, Johnson said: "I have also determi... | When was the award given to President Johnson? | When was the award given to President Johnson? | [
"When was the award given to President Johnson?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64367 | 5728386d4b864d1900164783 | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann's famous 9-page paper started life as a talk at Princeton and then became a paper in Germany, which was eventually translated into English. His interest in economics that led to that paper began as follows: When lecturing at Berlin in 1928 and 1929 he spent his summers back home in Budapest, and so did the ... | What economist did von Neumann get to know that spurred the interest in economics? | What economist did von Neumann get to know that spurred the interest in economics? | [
"What economist did von Neumann get to know that spurred the interest in economics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicholas Kaldor"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81464 | 5ad177f2645df0001a2d1d5d | Queen_Victoria | Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by ... | What kind of a connection was rumored to not exist between Victoria and John Brown? | What kind of a connection was rumored to not exist between Victoria and John Brown? | [
"What kind of a connection was rumored to not exist between Victoria and John Brown?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105077 | 572967351d046914007793ad | Palermo | The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo,... | What did Palermo expansion lack? | What did Palermo expansion lack? | [
"What did Palermo expansion lack?"
] | {
"text": [
"t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72852 | 5ad36009604f3c001a3fdf26 | Dell | The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android. The Dell Streak was a fail... | What line of low end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products? | What line of low end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products? | [
"What line of low end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54053 | 56dedf113277331400b4d792 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 suppl... | How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military? | How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military? | [
"How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?"
] | {
"text": [
"74th in size"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1929 | 5ad17932645df0001a2d1dae | Military_history_of_the_United_States | After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45... | How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iran? | How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iran? | [
" How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iran?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86642 | 5a78bdcfb73996001af5aff4 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London—a 1930s Grade II* listed building designed by architect George Grey Wornum with sculptures by Edward Bainbridge Copnall and James Woodford. Parts of the London building are open to the public, including the Library. It has a large architectural bookshop, a café, restaurant and... | What is one room in RIBA's headquarters that can no longer be visited by the public? | What is one room in RIBA's headquarters that can no longer be visited by the public? | [
"What is one room in RIBA's headquarters that can no longer be visited by the public?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20570 | 56cc6e346d243a140015efa9 | IPod | The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was... | What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device? | What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device? | [
"What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?"
] | {
"text": [
"30-pin dock connector"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93795 | 5728d8be4b864d1900164f6d | Estonia | Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in s... | What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture? | What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture? | [
"What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hunting and fishing"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105425 | 5728327a2ca10214002da069 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science? | What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science? | [
"What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science?"
] | {
"text": [
"artificial intelligence"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79845 | 5706315b52bb891400689954 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what? | An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what? | [
"An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what?"
] | {
"text": [
"lower bit rates"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88506 | 56d96a31dc89441400fdb423 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a p... | When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet? | When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet? | [
"When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 16"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16992 | 5725cc4e271a42140099d1f8 | Israel | Most Israelis are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. Arab citize... | How long do women serve in the military? | How long do women serve in the military? | [
"How long do women serve in the military?"
] | {
"text": [
"two years"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18695 | 5726f729f1498d1400e8f130 | Nigeria | Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. . The various Nigerian Confraterni... | How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001? | How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001? | [
"How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"84"
],
"answer_start": [
970
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38461 | 5acd10f207355d001abf330c | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | How many languages was De Rerum translated into? | How many languages was De Rerum translated into? | [
"How many languages was De Rerum translated into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26687 | 5a77aa20b73996001af5a4e3 | University | Examining the influence of humanism on scholars in medicine, mathematics, astronomy and physics may suggest that humanism and universities were a strong impetus for the scientific revolution. Although the connection between humanism and the scientific discovery may very well have begun within the confines of the univer... | What may have been a significant factor in driving students away from the university? | What may have been a significant factor in driving students away from the university? | [
"What may have been a significant factor in driving students away from the university?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105679 | 5a551d22134fea001a0e193d | Communications_in_Somalia | In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection. | When was Hormuud Telecom founded? | When was Hormuud Telecom founded? | [
"When was Hormuud Telecom founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108214 | 5acd16d407355d001abf342c | Aspirated_consonant | To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, th... | When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes? | When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes? | [
"When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33174 | 57262c83ec44d21400f3db94 | Incandescent_light_bulb | In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used. A continuous ribbon of glass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs are created. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, ... | How is the evacuation tube sealed? | How is the evacuation tube sealed? | [
"How is the evacuation tube sealed?"
] | {
"text": [
"by a flame"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111441 | 57320a29e99e3014001e6458 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Augustan settlement built upon a cultural shift in Roman society. In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues. Politicians of the later Republic were less equivocal; both Sulla and Pompey claimed special relationships with Venus.... | What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals? | What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals? | [
"What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals?"
] | {
"text": [
"divinely inspired"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106709 | 5a846e377cf838001a46a7fd | East_India_Company | Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior sub... | What was the highest rank a robot could be in the EIC army? | What was the highest rank a robot could be in the EIC army? | [
"What was the highest rank a robot could be in the EIC army?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-540 | 56de67e0cffd8e1900b4b889 | Plymouth | Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mo... | Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found? | Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found? | [
"Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Batten"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112877 | 5a70ba798abb0b001a676147 | Xbox_360 | Kinect is a "controller-free gaming and entertainment experience" for the Xbox 360. It was first announced on June 1, 2009 at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, under the codename, Project Natal. The add-on peripheral enables users to control and interact with the Xbox 360 without a game controller by using gestures, s... | Whose speech first introduced the Kinect? | Whose speech first introduced the Kinect? | [
"Whose speech first introduced the Kinect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73447 | 56d37e1f59d6e41400146533 | American_Idol | Season 11 premiered on January 18, 2012. On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones. However, on March 14, Jones was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants. Jones denied the accusation that he concea... | What contestant was removed from the competition for concealing legal troubles? | What contestant was removed from the competition for concealing legal troubles? | [
"What contestant was removed from the competition for concealing legal troubles?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jermaine Jones"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70128 | 570b828bec8fbc190045ba4e | Great_Plains | The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Mon... | what is the region known for? | what is the region known for? | [
"what is the region known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"extensive cattle ranching"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86646 | 56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4b | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966. | In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened? | In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened? | [
"In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cambridge"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47279 | 5726edb4dd62a815002e957a | Madonna_(entertainer) | By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna r... | Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions? | Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions? | [
"Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions?"
] | {
"text": [
"President of Malawi Joyce Banda"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109392 | 5a11e57f6614be00188f247f | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | During what period did Republican forces loose several major cities of the Netherlands? | During what period did Republican forces loose several major cities of the Netherlands? | [
"During what period did Republican forces loose several major cities of the Netherlands?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111463 | 5732113b0fdd8d15006c674b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction? | What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction? | [
"What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euhemerus' theory"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114038 | 5a42c4a14a4859001aac72f3 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Mach argued that, in effect, the water experiment in an otherwise empty universe would remain flat. But if another object were introduced into this universe, perhaps a distant star, there would now be something relative to which the bucket could be seen as rotating. The water inside the bucket could possibly have a sli... | Who argued that the water experiment in an empty univers would never be flat? | Who argued that the water experiment in an empty univers would never be flat? | [
"Who argued that the water experiment in an empty univers would never be flat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77186 | 56df63e78bc80c19004e4b9f | United_Nations_Population_Fund | From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Polit... | Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA? | Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA? | [
"Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bush Administration"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16334 | 57317bc6e6313a140071cf9a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg... | What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings? | What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings? | [
"What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Green Book"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87073 | 570aedcfec8fbc190045b77f | Videoconferencing | The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ... | Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation? | Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation? | [
"Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?"
] | {
"text": [
"the signaling plane"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85737 | 5ad2a5aad7d075001a429de0 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts... | What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for external use? | What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for external use? | [
" What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for external use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53196 | 5727aee02ca10214002d93b4 | Sichuan | The rulers of the expansionist Qin dynasty, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were only the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mount... | What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South? | What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South? | [
"What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?"
] | {
"text": [
"mountainous areas of Yunnan"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17074 | 5725d45b89a1e219009abf64 | Israel | Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many Israeli grandmasters and Israeli chess players have won a number of youth world championships. Israel stages an annual international championship and hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005. The Ministry of Education and th... | Who won the Chess Cup in 2009? | Who won the Chess Cup in 2009? | [
"Who won the Chess Cup in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boris Gelfand"
],
"answer_start": [
866
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103813 | 57341184d058e614000b68da | Montana | In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has vote... | In elections, what is Montana considered? | In elections, what is Montana considered? | [
"In elections, what is Montana considered?"
] | {
"text": [
"a swing state"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59726 | 5726d2f5708984140094d271 | Electric_motor | An electrostatic motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors. They typically require a high-voltage power supply, although very small motors employ lower voltages. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic att... | What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge? | What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge? | [
"What type of motor is based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge?"
] | {
"text": [
"electrostatic"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110259 | 5727fa303acd2414000df13a | Culture | In practice, culture referred to an élite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from lat. civitas, city). Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, ... | The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period? | The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period? | [
"The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period?"
] | {
"text": [
"inequalities within European societies."
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60162 | 572f9553b2c2fd1400568225 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20,... | When did Washington University hold a national design contest for the new campus? | When did Washington University hold a national design contest for the new campus? | [
"When did Washington University hold a national design contest for the new campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"1899"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39330 | 57325886b9d445190005ea75 | Protestantism | Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, an... | What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers? | What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers? | [
"What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Massachusetts Bay Colony"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71203 | 56e79c8637bdd419002c4222 | University_of_Kansas | Sheahon Zenger was introduced as KU's new athletic director in January 2011. Under former athletic director Lew Perkins, the department's budget increased from $27.2 million in 2003 (10th in the conference) to currently over $50 million thanks in large part to money raised from a new priority seating policy at Allen Fi... | Who did Zenger replace as athletic director at KU? | Who did Zenger replace as athletic director at KU? | [
"Who did Zenger replace as athletic director at KU?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lew Perkins"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46723 | 5ad0c7df645df0001a2d0300 | Department_store | All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. B... | When did Garfinckel's end operating in Washington? | When did Garfinckel's end operating in Washington? | [
"When did Garfinckel's end operating in Washington? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78041 | 5acd6cf907355d001abf41a1 | Strasbourg | As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in... | Who created the Cite de la Musique et de la Danse? | Who created the Cite de la Musique et de la Danse? | [
"Who created the Cite de la Musique et de la Danse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85225 | 5a7fb2f28f0597001ac00085 | Supreme_court | Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all oth... | What can happen to a political party if it has repeatedly violated the German Court System? | What can happen to a political party if it has repeatedly violated the German Court System? | [
"What can happen to a political party if it has repeatedly violated the German Court System?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16903 | 5725c27f38643c19005acc67 | Israel | The Jordan Rift Valley is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform (DSF) fault system. The DSF forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east. The Golan Heights and all of Jordan are part of the Arabian Plate, while the Galilee, West Bank, Coas... | The deficit can cause an earthquake of what magnitude to occur? | The deficit can cause an earthquake of what magnitude to occur? | [
"The deficit can cause an earthquake of what magnitude to occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mw~7.4."
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91878 | 57273abddd62a815002e99ce | Cotton | The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thi... | What device did James Hargreaves invent? | What device did James Hargreaves invent? | [
"What device did James Hargreaves invent?"
] | {
"text": [
"spinning jenny"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94400 | 5a7e8fe748f7d9001a063759 | Cork_(city) | Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region. Examples include the Tyndall National Institute (ICT hardware research), IMERC (Marine Energy), Environmental Research Institute, NIMBUS (Network Embedded Systems); and CREATE (Advance... | What is the Rubicon Centre linked to? | What is the Rubicon Centre linked to? | [
"What is the Rubicon Centre linked to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44575 | 570720969e06ca38007e948c | Chihuahua_(state) | In the far eastern part of the state the Chihuahuan Desert dominates due to low precipitation and extremely high temperatures; some areas of the eastern part of the state are so dry no vegetation is found like the Sand Dunes of Samalayuca. There are two distinctive climate zones found in the eastern part of the state: ... | The transition zone between east and west is called what? | The transition zone between east and west is called what? | [
"The transition zone between east and west is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Steppe"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70629 | 56dfed637aa994140058e278 | Pub | CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland. | In what city is the George Inn located? | In what city is the George Inn located? | [
"In what city is the George Inn located?"
] | {
"text": [
"London"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63800 | 5727db6f2ca10214002d9827 | USB | In general, USB cables have only plugs on their ends, while hosts and devices have only receptacles. Hosts almost universally have Type-A receptacles, while devices have one or another Type-B variety. Type-A plugs mate only with Type-A receptacles, and the same applies to their Type-B counterparts; they are deliberatel... | Hosts and devices only have what in terms of connecting to a USB device? | Hosts and devices only have what in terms of connecting to a USB device? | [
"Hosts and devices only have what in terms of connecting to a USB device?"
] | {
"text": [
"receptacles"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87562 | 5a68e2c88476ee001a58a839 | IBM | Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering bu... | Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company? | Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company? | [
"Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109777 | 570fd84d80d9841400ab36cc | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevad... | In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur? | In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur? | [
"In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nevada"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22251 | 56e78cf937bdd419002c4112 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963. | Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research? | Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research? | [
"Federal Records Centers are particularly unhelpful to what type of research?"
] | {
"text": [
"public"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73189 | 56db0942e7c41114004b4c9f | American_Idol | Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegat... | Who was disqualified for having a police record? | Who was disqualified for having a police record? | [
"Who was disqualified for having a police record?"
] | {
"text": [
"Corey Clark"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105612 | 5a550f01134fea001a0e188b | Communications_in_Somalia | According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear. | When did the IST apply content standards to Somalia? | When did the IST apply content standards to Somalia? | [
"When did the IST apply content standards to Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91087 | 572ac5ba111d821400f38d58 | John_Kerry | On December 15, 2012, several news outlets reported that President Barack Obama would nominate Kerry to succeed Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State, after Susan Rice, widely seen as Obama's preferred choice, withdrew her name from consideration citing a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her resp... | When was Kerry's appointment confirmed? | When was Kerry's appointment confirmed? | [
"When was Kerry's appointment confirmed?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 29, 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81790 | 5706df8f90286e26004fc721 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlant... | Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to? | Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to? | [
"Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to?"
] | {
"text": [
"a group of local Quakers"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58525 | 5a2ad2a55b078a001a2f0708 | Sanskrit | St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Langua... | Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006? | Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006? | [
"Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94417 | 5a7e939748f7d9001a063767 | Cork_(city) | Hurling and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships. Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clu... | What is another name for women's gaelic football? | What is another name for women's gaelic football? | [
"What is another name for women's gaelic football?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44065 | 56d12fe017492d1400aabba8 | Kanye_West | In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flying a rocket over a canyon. The suit claimed infringement on Knievel's trademarked na... | When did Knievel settle the argument with West? | When did Knievel settle the argument with West? | [
"When did Knievel settle the argument with West?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59590 | 5726b9d3dd62a815002e8e48 | Electric_motor | A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the AC and resulting magnetic field which drives it. Another way of saying this is that it has zero slip under usual operating conditions. Contrast this with an induction motor, which must slip t... | How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor? | How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor? | [
"How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Slip rings and brushes"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18474 | 5726bd64dd62a815002e8eea | Nigeria | Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country i... | Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'? | Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'? | [
"Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nigeria"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59000 | 5a2eeab2a83784001a7d2562 | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | What prhabition has been relaxed in many traditional Jewish congregations? | What prhabition has been relaxed in many traditional Jewish congregations? | [
"What prhabition has been relaxed in many traditional Jewish congregations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16500 | 57318f8ae6313a140071d09a | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe... | Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing? | Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing? | [
"Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80402 | 572fd132947a6a140053ccf2 | Bacteria | Transformation, unlike transduction or conjugation, depends on numerous bacterial gene products that specifically interact to perform this complex process, and thus transformation is clearly a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer. In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine donor DNA into its own chromosom... | How rare is the transformation among bacteria organisms? | How rare is the transformation among bacteria organisms? | [
"How rare is the transformation among bacteria organisms?"
] | {
"text": [
"common"
],
"answer_start": [
662
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70258 | 5a2c3359bfd06b001a5aea48 | Neoclassical_architecture | Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ... | What high school was built in 1818? | What high school was built in 1818? | [
"What high school was built in 1818?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35315 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0396 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England? | What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England? | [
"What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9918 | 572807b6ff5b5019007d9b57 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The nationalization announcement was greeted very emotionally by the audience and, throughout the Arab world, thousands entered the streets shouting slogans of support. US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, "I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's ... | Where was Nasser believed to be a spokesman for the poor and oppressed? | Where was Nasser believed to be a spokesman for the poor and oppressed? | [
"Where was Nasser believed to be a spokesman for the poor and oppressed?"
] | {
"text": [
"not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44193 | 5731df190fdd8d15006c65d5 | Bras%C3%ADlia | A series of low-lying annexes (largely hidden) flank both ends. Also in the square are the glass-faced Planalto Palace housing the presidential offices, and the Palace of the Supreme Court. Farther east, on a triangle of land jutting into the lake, is the Palace of the Dawn (Palácio da Alvorada; the presidential reside... | What is in the Planalto Palace? | What is in the Planalto Palace? | [
"What is in the Planalto Palace?"
] | {
"text": [
"presidential offices"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49536 | 570d4ca0b3d812140066d65c | Valencia | A few centuries later, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths) and the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city and replaced the old Roman temples with religious bu... | Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone? | Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone? | [
"Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone?"
] | {
"text": [
"the church"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30808 | 572685955951b619008f756d | Mexico_City | West of the Historic Center (Centro Histórico) along Paseo de la Reforma are many of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Santa Fe, and (in the State of Mexico) Interlomas, which are also the city's most important areas of class A office space, corporate headq... | Which rich neighborhood has a strong problem of impoverished lands around it? | Which rich neighborhood has a strong problem of impoverished lands around it? | [
"Which rich neighborhood has a strong problem of impoverished lands around it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santa Fe"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13399 | 56e7abd937bdd419002c4305 | Nanjing | The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on Septe... | How many companies are involved with the network of buses? | How many companies are involved with the network of buses? | [
"How many companies are involved with the network of buses?"
] | {
"text": [
"three companies"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
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