gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-81140 | 5ad179eb645df0001a2d1dc7 | Queen_Victoria | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What company was dissolved before the Indian Rebellion? | What company was dissolved before the Indian Rebellion? | [
"What company was dissolved before the Indian Rebellion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106818 | 57268541708984140094c8ca | East_India_Company | During the period of the Napoleonic Wars, the East India Company arranged for letters of marque for its vessels such as the Lord Nelson. This was not so that they could carry cannon to fend off warships, privateers and pirates on their voyages to India and China (that they could do without permission) but so that, shou... | The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships? | The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships? | [
"The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38502 | 56dee346c65bf219000b3ddf | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize? | In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize? | [
"In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?"
] | {
"text": [
"functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90062 | 5726ac12708984140094cd77 | Somerset | The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somers... | How many tiers does somerset county consist of | How many tiers does somerset county consist of | [
"How many tiers does somerset county consist of "
] | {
"text": [
"The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26253 | 5726b095f1498d1400e8e780 | Edmund_Burke | Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing "the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: "...though for reasons which I... | What was Francis Basset's political party? | What was Francis Basset's political party? | [
"What was Francis Basset's political party?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whig"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112504 | 570d4b28b3d812140066d64b | United_States_Army | The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take... | How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy? | How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy? | [
"How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41271 | 5731daf6b9d445190005e5c2 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and J... | What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites? | What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites? | [
"What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cairo, Alexandria and other cities"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80949 | 5724e5bd0ba9f01400d97bac | Queen_Victoria | On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the ... | Why did Victoria repremend Derby following her visit with Napolean III? | Why did Victoria repremend Derby following her visit with Napolean III? | [
"Why did Victoria repremend Derby following her visit with Napolean III? "
] | {
"text": [
"the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107987 | 56e3bca239bdeb14003478e4 | Estonian_language | The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. | Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae? | Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae? | [
"Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chronicle of Henry of Livonia"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34543 | 56f8bc049b226e1400dd0edb | Southampton | Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its... | Where is the Meridian headquarters located? | Where is the Meridian headquarters located? | [
"Where is the Meridian headquarters located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whiteley"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77006 | 57267b49f1498d1400e8e147 | Dutch_language | Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon... | Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality? | Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality? | [
"Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality?"
] | {
"text": [
"true"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12227 | 5ad164ac645df0001a2d198e | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What happened in June 2015? | What happened in June 2015? | [
"What happened in June 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49132 | 571aeaf69499d21900609bab | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common. Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves fo... | Did the bishops consider themselves Arians? | Did the bishops consider themselves Arians? | [
"Did the bishops consider themselves Arians?"
] | {
"text": [
"bishops disagreed"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14432 | 572f809da23a5019007fc6a3 | Han_dynasty | Buddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's first known Buddhist te... | During was era did Buddhism first appear in the region? | During was era did Buddhism first appear in the region? | [
"During was era did Buddhism first appear in the region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eastern Han"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57533 | 5ad218cfd7d075001a428406 | Quran | In 2015, fragments of a very early Quran, dating back to 1370 years ago, were discovered in the library of the University of Birmingham, England. According to the tests carried out by Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, "with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645". The m... | How many years old were the Quran fragments discovered in Birmingham in 1915? | How many years old were the Quran fragments discovered in Birmingham in 1915? | [
"How many years old were the Quran fragments discovered in Birmingham in 1915?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84008 | 5a7e298570df9f001a8754ff | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | What method of translation did Schleiermacher dislike? | What method of translation did Schleiermacher dislike? | [
"What method of translation did Schleiermacher dislike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30111 | 5acd514307355d001abf3d05 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Dur... | What university is not in the triangle? | What university is not in the triangle? | [
"What university is not in the triangle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14909 | 573364444776f419006609a2 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | God's consequent nature, on the other hand, is anything but unchanging – it is God's reception of the world's activity. As Whitehead puts it, "[God] saves the world as it passes into the immediacy of his own life. It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved." In other words, God saves and c... | What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God? | What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God? | [
"What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?"
] | {
"text": [
"those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82177 | 5a70e5318abb0b001a676205 | Pesticide | Pesticides can be classified based upon their biological mechanism function or application method. Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant. With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward.... | What does a plant use to attract pollinators? | What does a plant use to attract pollinators? | [
"What does a plant use to attract pollinators?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105059 | 5729651f6aef051400154df9 | Palermo | From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained u... | Who was the first president of Palermo? | Who was the first president of Palermo? | [
"Who was the first president of Palermo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ruggero Settimo"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41108 | 57315327e6313a140071ce22 | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the su... | What were leaders known as during Ptolemaic Kingdom? | What were leaders known as during Ptolemaic Kingdom? | [
"What were leaders known as during Ptolemaic Kingdom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pharaohs"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81412 | 572406670a492a19004355ec | Queen_Victoria | Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to c... | Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli to act against during the Russo-Turkish war? | Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli to act against during the Russo-Turkish war? | [
"Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli to act against during the Russo-Turkish war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45509 | 571a79a64faf5e1900b8a9bc | Ashkenazi_Jews | Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their... | For religious Jews, "Ashkenazic" refers to what two things? | For religious Jews, "Ashkenazic" refers to what two things? | [
"For religious Jews, \"Ashkenazic\" refers to what two things?"
] | {
"text": [
"a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
952
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48310 | 56fa413bf34c681400b0c030 | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood? | What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood? | [
"What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood?"
] | {
"text": [
"hydrogen"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66620 | 5728aa533acd2414000dfc63 | Brigham_Young_University | Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment. Brigham Young University's Honor Code, which all BYU students agree to follow as a condition of studying at BYU, prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, etc. As mentioned earlier, The ... | How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average? | How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average? | [
"How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 1/10"
],
"answer_start": [
910
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45223 | 5a60d3a8e9e1cc001a33cd87 | Sahara | To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern... | What extends across Africa from north to south? | What extends across Africa from north to south? | [
"What extends across Africa from north to south?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83366 | 5ad25138d7d075001a428ccf | Dominican_Order | Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism. Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to pr... | What is not an example of a modern Dominican Order follower? | What is not an example of a modern Dominican Order follower? | [
"What is not an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7929 | 5726d3d3f1498d1400e8ec78 | Copyright_infringement | In the U.S., copyright infringement is sometimes confronted via lawsuits in civil court, against alleged infringers directly, or against providers of services and software that support unauthorized copying. For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster a... | In the U.S., where is copyright infringement contested? | In the U.S., where is copyright infringement contested? | [
"In the U.S., where is copyright infringement contested?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil court"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65268 | 5726e9415951b619008f8236 | Crimean_War | Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russi... | Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities? | Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities? | [
"Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities?"
] | {
"text": [
"the United Kingdom and France"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103140 | 5ad2b2c0d7d075001a429f89 | Multiracial_American | Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. A... | Why did people choose not to assimilate into white society? | Why did people choose not to assimilate into white society? | [
"Why did people choose not to assimilate into white society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101322 | 5ad286a9d7d075001a4298ec | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being electe... | Who wasn't part of Hollywood Ten? | Who wasn't part of Hollywood Ten? | [
"Who wasn't part of Hollywood Ten?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7426 | 572f5d6ea23a5019007fc5a8 | Database | Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware d... | How can large quantities of data be accessed? | How can large quantities of data be accessed? | [
"How can large quantities of data be accessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hardware database accelerators"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95762 | 5726efa6dd62a815002e95bc | Yale_University | Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are de... | When was Yale's residential college system established? | When was Yale's residential college system established? | [
"When was Yale's residential college system established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1933"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36143 | 572f9268a23a5019007fc789 | Printed_circuit_board | Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing ... | What step of the bare board manufacture would be impossible if panels weren't always used? | What step of the bare board manufacture would be impossible if panels weren't always used? | [
"What step of the bare board manufacture would be impossible if panels weren't always used?"
] | {
"text": [
"the plating process"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33023 | 5725d45bec44d21400f3d66d | Incandescent_light_bulb | Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned ... | What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp? | What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp? | [
"What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?"
] | {
"text": [
"Columbia"
],
"answer_start": [
936
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85755 | 5ad2abeed7d075001a429e7f | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a ... | What was the first Spanish available emulator? | What was the first Spanish available emulator? | [
" What was the first Spanish available emulator?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45183 | 5a4bf32fbfc0e3001a15d3d2 | Sahara | The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā , 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert in the world. It is the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its surface area of 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)[citation needed]—including the Libyan Desert—is comparable to the res... | What is the next largeast African desert? | What is the next largeast African desert? | [
"What is the next largeast African desert?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100266 | 5acd345807355d001abf3948 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps: | The American National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps? | The American National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps? | [
"The American National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53975 | 5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff586 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed? | Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed? | [
" Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20567 | 56cc66d16d243a140015efa3 | IPod | Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations. | What was an alternate method of charging the iPod? | What was an alternate method of charging the iPod? | [
"What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?"
] | {
"text": [
"power adapter"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104603 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? | Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? | [
"Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"government affordable housing policy"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85167 | 57278778f1498d1400e8fafe | Supreme_court | The new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Z... | What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court? | What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court? | [
"What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court?"
] | {
"text": [
"Court of Appeal of New Zealand"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60247 | 5ace241532bba1001ae49b9e | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University ad... | In what year did Bob Appetit Management Company become the on-campus food provider? | In what year did Bob Appetit Management Company become the on-campus food provider? | [
"In what year did Bob Appetit Management Company become the on-campus food provider?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105109 | 5a3eac175a76c5001a3a8438 | Palermo | The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th... | What is the name of the gold line on the floor of a helimeter? | What is the name of the gold line on the floor of a helimeter? | [
"What is the name of the gold line on the floor of a helimeter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48647 | 5a85e769b4e223001a8e72bb | War_on_Terror | In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the ... | What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh? | What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh? | [
"What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32891 | 57281b783acd2414000df4a6 | Central_African_Republic | In the southwest, the Dzanga-Sangha National Park is located in a rain forest area. The country is noted for its population of forest elephants and western lowland gorillas. In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the B... | What large animals reside in the national park? | What large animals reside in the national park? | [
"What large animals reside in the national park?"
] | {
"text": [
"forest elephants"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82937 | 56e0838f231d4119001ac231 | Saint_Helena | The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012. | How many local newspapers does the island have? | How many local newspapers does the island have? | [
"How many local newspapers does the island have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66764 | 5727ccf12ca10214002d96b2 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Beginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in Chişinău, and the adjacent park harborin... | When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating? | When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating? | [
"When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 1988"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15708 | 5726e42b5951b619008f81a4 | Chinese_characters | A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol 囍, formed as a ligature of 喜喜 and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: 双喜; traditional Chinese: 雙喜; pinyin: shuāngxǐ). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined – common ligatures include 廿 niàn, "twenty", no... | What is a commonly seen example? | What is a commonly seen example? | [
"What is a commonly seen example?"
] | {
"text": [
"double happiness symbol"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98724 | 5a5fe372eae51e001ab14ce5 | Marvel_Comics | In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" i... | What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called? | What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called? | [
"What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89794 | 57304f5e2461fd1900a9cd11 | The_Blitz | German air supremacy at night was also now under threat. British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful. This was not immediately apparent. The Bristol Blenheim F.1 was undergunned, with just four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns which struggled to down the Do 17, Ju 88, or Heinkel He... | How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 compare to German aircraft speed? | How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 compare to German aircraft speed? | [
"How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 compare to German aircraft speed?"
] | {
"text": [
"struggled to reach the speed of the German bombers"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99844 | 56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e7 | Middle_Ages | Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea a... | Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo? | Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo? | [
"Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Serbia"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2131 | 56cffaa0234ae51400d9c1d9 | Buddhism | In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wh... | What is the goal of Theravada Buddhism? | What is the goal of Theravada Buddhism? | [
"What is the goal of Theravada Buddhism?"
] | {
"text": [
"the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41868 | 5730a3d08ab72b1400f9c632 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199. The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB£150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions o... | When was the SNES released in the UK? | When was the SNES released in the UK? | [
"When was the SNES released in the UK?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 1992"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45054 | 56df217bc65bf219000b3f83 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the f... | In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music? | In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music? | [
"In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111600 | 572b86f8111d821400f38ee3 | Education | Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare stud... | Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S? | Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S? | [
"Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S?"
] | {
"text": [
"rise of large corporations and advancing technology"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21233 | 572edab0cb0c0d14000f160c | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic maj... | Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media? | Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media? | [
"Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?"
] | {
"text": [
"local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively."
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14434 | 572f809da23a5019007fc6a5 | Han_dynasty | Buddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's first known Buddhist te... | What philosophical practice did Liu Ying believe in? | What philosophical practice did Liu Ying believe in? | [
"What philosophical practice did Liu Ying believe in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115697 | 5727bb132ca10214002d94f7 | Galicia_(Spain) | The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubo... | Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century? | Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century? | [
"Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Netherlands, France and England"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55378 | 5727e36dff5b5019007d97b0 | Baptists | Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also pro... | What was named after the slave port of Calabar? | What was named after the slave port of Calabar? | [
"What was named after the slave port of Calabar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jamaica's Calabar High School"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80286 | 572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0d | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | Can shape of bacteria be beneficial to their survival? | Can shape of bacteria be beneficial to their survival? | [
"Can shape of bacteria be beneficial to their survival?"
] | {
"text": [
"can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients"
],
"answer_start": [
845
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10363 | 56e014a37aa994140058e2c3 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | French comics are also known as what? | French comics are also known as what? | [
"French comics are also known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"bandes dessinées"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94758 | 57105ed3b654c5140001f8d6 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The Enlightenment has always been contested territory. Its supporters "hail it as the source of everything that is progressive about the modern world. For them, it stands for freedom of thought, rational inquiry, critical thinking, religious tolerance, political liberty, scientific achievement, the pursuit of happiness... | By 1794, what did those against the Enlightenment point to as confirmation of their predictions? | By 1794, what did those against the Enlightenment point to as confirmation of their predictions? | [
"By 1794, what did those against the Enlightenment point to as confirmation of their predictions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Terror during the French Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
696
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50129 | 56fc87acb53dbe1900755123 | Phonology | The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word ... | How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas? | How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas? | [
"How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?"
] | {
"text": [
"complicate"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113497 | 572ece9bcb0c0d14000f15af | Vacuum | Stars, planets, and moons keep their atmospheres by gravitational attraction, and as such, atmospheres have no clearly delineated boundary: the density of atmospheric gas simply decreases with distance from the object. The Earth's atmospheric pressure drops to about 6998320000000000000♠3.2×10−2 Pa at 100 kilometres (62... | What is more significant than isotropic gas pressure past the Karman line? | What is more significant than isotropic gas pressure past the Karman line? | [
"What is more significant than isotropic gas pressure past the Karman line?"
] | {
"text": [
"radiation pressure from the Sun and the dynamic pressure of the solar winds"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8187 | 5ad01a3277cf76001a6869f8 | Copyright_infringement | The 2011 Business Software Alliance Piracy Study Standard, estimates the total commercial value of illegally copied software to be at $59 billion in 2010, with emerging markets accounting for $31.9 billion, over half of the total. Furthermore, mature markets for the first time received less PC shipments than emerging e... | What was the estimated total value of pirated software in 2000? | What was the estimated total value of pirated software in 2000? | [
"What was the estimated total value of pirated software in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116290 | 57340342d058e614000b67ad | Punjab,_Pakistan | The structure of a mosque is simple and it expresses openness. Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran decorate mosques and mausoleums in Punjab. The inscriptions on bricks and tiles of the mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (1320 AD) at Multan are outstanding specimens of architectural calligraphy. The earliest existing b... | What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb? | What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb? | [
"What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb?"
] | {
"text": [
"blue"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-458 | 56f9668e9e9bad19000a08cf | Marshall_Islands | In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (... | How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles? | How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles? | [
"How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"772,000"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52377 | 572a8568f75d5e190021fb46 | Miami | Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisione... | From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to? | From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to? | [
"From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Orlando International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45167 | 5ace411a32bba1001ae4a0a0 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 2011–2012, Sony Music Inc. expressed support for SOPA and PIPA. The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up controversy within the entertainment industry since their introduction in the United States Congress.[citation needed] | Which acts did not stir up any controversy? | Which acts did not stir up any controversy? | [
"Which acts did not stir up any controversy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39752 | 572943173f37b319004781cb | New_Haven,_Connecticut | For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebe... | Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven? | Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven? | [
"Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cambridge"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96792 | 5a8cbd6dfd22b3001a8d8dc9 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary... | What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of? | What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of? | [
"What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61482 | 5a3aefb33ff257001ab8433f | Flowering_plant | Traditionally, the flowering plants are divided into two groups, which in the Cronquist system are called Magnoliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Magnoliaceae) and Liliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Liliaceae). Other descriptive names allowed by Article 16 of the ICBN... | What other descriptive names are allowed by the English system? | What other descriptive names are allowed by the English system? | [
"What other descriptive names are allowed by the English system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44526 | 57071bec9e06ca38007e9434 | Chihuahua_(state) | Villa and Carranza had different political goals causing Villa to become an enemy of Carranza. After Carranza took control in 1914, Villa and other revolutionaries who opposed him met at what was called the Convention of Aguascalientes. The convention deposed Carranza in favor of Eulalio Gutiérrez. In the winter of 191... | Who took control in 1914? | Who took control in 1914? | [
"Who took control in 1914?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carranza"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35903 | 572706d9f1498d1400e8f26a | Comcast | Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices... | What is Comcast's stance on organized labor? | What is Comcast's stance on organized labor? | [
"What is Comcast's stance on organized labor?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-union"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17998 | 5a10dac206e79900185c3425 | Internet_service_provider | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | What is an Internet mail service provider? | What is an Internet mail service provider? | [
"What is an Internet mail service provider?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108935 | 5a7a4f4017ab25001a8a04c2 | Literature | In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and speculations on history and human nature integrated literature with social and political developments. The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature... | What literary genre exploded in thee early 18th century? | What literary genre exploded in thee early 18th century? | [
"What literary genre exploded in thee early 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45073 | 5ace33db32bba1001ae49df9 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment. | What publishing arm was sold for $155 million? | What publishing arm was sold for $155 million? | [
"What publishing arm was sold for $155 million?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8416 | 5a7ce070e8bc7e001a9e20a1 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, s... | Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor? | Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor? | [
"Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75369 | 5ad1396f645df0001a2d1275 | Labour_Party_(UK) | Wilson's government was responsible for a number of sweeping social and educational reforms under the leadership of Home Secretary Roy Jenkins such as the abolishment of the death penalty in 1964, the legalisation of abortion and homosexuality (initially only for men aged 21 or over, and only in England and Wales) in 1... | When was the death penalty introduced in Britain? | When was the death penalty introduced in Britain? | [
"When was the death penalty introduced in Britain? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20200 | 5733ca05d058e614000b6263 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Football gameday traditions During home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. Zahm House's two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers' Circle. This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of ... | What is displayed at Zahm House for football home games at Notre Dame? | What is displayed at Zahm House for football home games at Notre Dame? | [
"What is displayed at Zahm House for football home games at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"two-story banner"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63916 | 572808053acd2414000df2bd | USB | eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage. eSATAp (power over eSATA; aka ... | On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power? | On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power? | [
"On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?"
] | {
"text": [
"5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18546 | 5726db26f1498d1400e8ed57 | Nigeria | After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively s... | When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election? | When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election? | [
"When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 June 1993"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56109 | 56e7af3b37bdd419002c4337 | Arena_Football_League | The league's 2016 schedule, announced on the league's website on December 10, 2015, shows an eight-team league playing a 16-game regular season over 18 weeks, with two bye weeks for each team, one on a rotational basis and the other a "universal bye" for all teams during the Independence Day weekend, the first weekend ... | How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016? | How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016? | [
"How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49176 | 5a86f0d51d3cee001a6a1051 | Tuberculosis | In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapu... | What is another name for osseous tuberculosis? | What is another name for osseous tuberculosis? | [
"What is another name for osseous tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9911 | 572806d8ff5b5019007d9b34 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld tha... | What did Nasser propose to do with funds from the nationalized Suez Canal? | What did Nasser propose to do with funds from the nationalized Suez Canal? | [
"What did Nasser propose to do with funds from the nationalized Suez Canal?"
] | {
"text": [
"fund the Aswan Dam"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85785 | 57112331b654c5140001fbb1 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market segment as a whole. The video game market crash of 1983 had occurred in significant part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had in turn been due partially to c... | What specifically was misrepresented on game products? | What specifically was misrepresented on game products? | [
"What specifically was misrepresented on game products?"
] | {
"text": [
"artwork"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107672 | 5acf7f9177cf76001a684fca | Umayyad_Caliphate | According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. Muhammad descended from Abd Manāf via his son Hashim, while the Umayyads descended from Abd Manaf via a different son, A... | Who did Abd Manaf ibn Qusai descend from? | Who did Abd Manaf ibn Qusai descend from? | [
"Who did Abd Manaf ibn Qusai descend from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78325 | 5727a1343acd2414000de853 | Child_labour | Small-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of global gold production com... | Why is gold vital to the people of Mali? | Why is gold vital to the people of Mali? | [
"Why is gold vital to the people of Mali?"
] | {
"text": [
"it is the second largest earner of its export revenue"
],
"answer_start": [
1014
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36747 | 57321d6de17f3d14004226ab | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the min... | What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79? | What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79? | [
"What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79?"
] | {
"text": [
"James A. Garfield"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103414 | 5ad2aeffd7d075001a429f00 | Multiracial_American | Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which allowed participants to sele... | What was not one of the categories participants could choose on the 2000 United States Census? | What was not one of the categories participants could choose on the 2000 United States Census? | [
"What was not one of the categories participants could choose on the 2000 United States Census?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55363 | 5a317af1e4dcb1001abb2354 | Baptists | Leading up to the American Civil War, Baptists became embroiled in the controversy over slavery in the United States. Whereas in the First Great Awakening, Methodist and Baptist preachers had opposed slavery and urged manumission, over the decades they made more of an accommodation with the institution. They worked wit... | In what year did Home Mission Society appoint a slaveholder as a missionary? | In what year did Home Mission Society appoint a slaveholder as a missionary? | [
"In what year did Home Mission Society appoint a slaveholder as a missionary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107687 | 571aa0ea4faf5e1900b8ab57 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Quran and Muhammad talked about racial equality and justice as in The Farewell Sermon. Tribal and nationalistic differences were discouraged. But after Muhammad's passing, the old tribal differences between the Arabs started to resurface. Following the Roman–Persian Wars and the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, deep rooted... | Who ruled Syria before it was conquered by the followers of Muhammad? | Who ruled Syria before it was conquered by the followers of Muhammad? | [
"Who ruled Syria before it was conquered by the followers of Muhammad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9260 | 57326b24b9d445190005eb0e | The_Bronx | The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott ... | Who is the Riverdale Press's editor? | Who is the Riverdale Press's editor? | [
"Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bernard Stein"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68076 | 5ad41fec604f3c001a4006c8 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a... | What was the cost of the damage of the 1868 earthquake to the city of Charleston? | What was the cost of the damage of the 1868 earthquake to the city of Charleston? | [
"What was the cost of the damage of the 1868 earthquake to the city of Charleston?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6967 | 57313b47e6313a140071cd5c | Red | Rothko also began using the new synthetic pigments, but not always with happy results. In 1962 he donated to Harvard University a series of large murals of the Passion of Christ whose predominant colors were dark pink and deep crimson. He mixed mostly traditional colors to make the pink and crimson; synthetic ultramari... | What was the result of the change in color in the Rothko Passion of the Christ murals? | What was the result of the change in color in the Rothko Passion of the Christ murals? | [
"What was the result of the change in color in the Rothko Passion of the Christ murals?"
] | {
"text": [
"ruined and had to be taken down"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85364 | 572807653acd2414000df29e | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | Who was ulitmately named as González-Páramo's replacement? | Who was ulitmately named as González-Páramo's replacement? | [
"Who was ulitmately named as González-Páramo's replacement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luxembourg's Yves Mersch"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31025 | 572742e2708984140094db8a | Mexico_City | Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hy... | When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened? | When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened? | [
"When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"1924"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59289 | 5726b28edd62a815002e8d3a | Alloy | The use of alloys by humans started with the use of meteoric iron, a naturally occurring alloy of nickel and iron. It is the main constituent of iron meteorites which occasionally fall down on Earth from outer space. As no metallurgic processes were used to separate iron from nickel, the alloy was used as it was. Meteo... | What can forged meteoric iron make? | What can forged meteoric iron make? | [
"What can forged meteoric iron make?"
] | {
"text": [
"tools, weapons, and nails"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22499 | 57096a98200fba1400367f93 | Himachal_Pradesh | Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC), no third front ever has become significant. In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state. In the assembly electi... | Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India? | Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India? | [
"Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?"
] | {
"text": [
"Virbhadra Singh"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
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