gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-61782 | 572a661dfed8de19000d5bed | Madrasa | During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to thei... | What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period? | What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period? | [
"What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period?"
] | {
"text": [
"former slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56199 | 5726b51e708984140094ce73 | Nonprofit_organization | The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. M... | What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with? | What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with? | [
"What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"charitable"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47864 | 5726a94b708984140094cd2f | Napoleon | By 17 May, the main Austrian army under Charles had arrived on the Marchfeld. Charles kept the bulk of his troops several miles away from the river bank in hopes of concentrating them at the point where Napoleon decided to cross. On 21 May, the French made their first major effort to cross the Danube, precipitating the... | Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling? | Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling? | [
"Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?"
] | {
"text": [
"23,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1002
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108240 | 5acd19b407355d001abf34de | Aspirated_consonant | There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two... | Which two IPA symbols are marked? | Which two IPA symbols are marked? | [
"Which two IPA symbols are marked?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96663 | 5a8c93b2fd22b3001a8d8b88 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones. Another theory... | What did Destot use instead of nails to avoid fracturing bones? | What did Destot use instead of nails to avoid fracturing bones? | [
"What did Destot use instead of nails to avoid fracturing bones?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92263 | 5a501c2e99b975001ade80d1 | Asthma | Asthma as a result of (or worsened by) workplace exposures, is a commonly reported occupational disease. Many cases however are not reported or recognized as such. It is estimated that 5–25% of asthma cases in adults are work–related. A few hundred different agents have been implicated with the most common being: isocy... | What is colophony commonly reported as when caused or made worse by workplace exposure? | What is colophony commonly reported as when caused or made worse by workplace exposure? | [
"What is colophony commonly reported as when caused or made worse by workplace exposure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82642 | 56e7b1e900c9c71400d77503 | Daylight_saving_time | Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor... | Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer? | Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer? | [
"Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?"
] | {
"text": [
"an extra hour"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15579 | 5707106b90286e26004fc882 | Black_people | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | What was not passed in Brazil during slavery? | What was not passed in Brazil during slavery? | [
"What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?"
] | {
"text": [
"segregation laws"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27811 | 5acd257407355d001abf36ca | Energy | Sunlight is also captured by plants as chemical potential energy in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an ele... | what is utilized by dead organisms as an electron acceptor? | what is utilized by dead organisms as an electron acceptor? | [
"what is utilized by dead organisms as an electron acceptor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109040 | 5726ecae708984140094d63f | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What empire did Justinian preside over? | What empire did Justinian preside over? | [
"What empire did Justinian preside over?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37078 | 5a0cf4e1f5590b0018dab6ae | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy prefer... | What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools? | What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools? | [
"What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76803 | 572ac94d111d821400f38d6f | Philadelphia | Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Rai... | Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station? | Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station? | [
"Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station?"
] | {
"text": [
"Broad Street Station"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73454 | 56d37e5059d6e4140014653b | American_Idol | Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He un... | How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol? | How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol? | [
"How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80420 | 572fd9ccb2c2fd1400568503 | Bacteria | The term "bacteria" was traditionally applied to all microscopic, single-cell prokaryotes. However, molecular systematics showed prokaryotic life to consist of two separate domains, originally called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, but now called Bacteria and Archaea that evolved independently from an ancient common anc... | What would original term "bacteria" determine? | What would original term "bacteria" determine? | [
"What would original term \"bacteria\" determine?"
] | {
"text": [
"all microscopic, single-cell prokaryotes"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55981 | 56e79aa800c9c71400d7736f | Arena_Football_League | On Saturday, July 23, 1989, much of America learned of the AFL for an unintended reason, when the Pittsburgh Gladiators' head coach, Joe Haering, made football history by punching commissioner Jim Foster during a game with the Chicago Bruisers. The national media ran with the story, including a photo in USA Today. The ... | Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989? | Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989? | [
"Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joe Haering"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4641 | 5a611527e9e1cc001a33ceb0 | Pope_John_XXIII | On 25 May 1963, the pope suffered another haemorrhage and required several blood transfusions, but the cancer had perforated the stomach wall and peritonitis soon set in. The doctors conferred in a decision regarding this matter and John XXIII's aide Loris F. Capovilla broke the news to him saying that the cancer had d... | What did Loris F. Capovilla suffer from on May 25, 1963? | What did Loris F. Capovilla suffer from on May 25, 1963? | [
"What did Loris F. Capovilla suffer from on May 25, 1963?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12352 | 5a65cdabc2b11c001a425d50 | Antibiotics | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | What does a successful treatment using pharmacological parameters entail? | What does a successful treatment using pharmacological parameters entail? | [
"What does a successful treatment using pharmacological parameters entail?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22085 | 5acd88dc07355d001abf4626 | Aircraft_carrier | The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ... | Who is buying HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales? | Who is buying HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales? | [
"Who is buying HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102300 | 5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed86 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | Who agreed upon the 11:9 aspect ratio? | Who agreed upon the 11:9 aspect ratio? | [
" Who agreed upon the 11:9 aspect ratio?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48322 | 56fa43e9f34c681400b0c046 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin? | In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin? | [
"In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin?"
] | {
"text": [
"sinapyl"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83394 | 5ad25727d7d075001a428d8a | Dominican_Order | The spirituality evidenced throughout all of the branches of the order reflects the spirit and intentions of its founder, though some of the elements of what later developed might have surprised the Castilian friar. Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning availabl... | What did Dominic not fully utilize? | What did Dominic not fully utilize? | [
"What did Dominic not fully utilize?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10064 | 57282e774b864d190016467c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | According to Sadat, it was only when the Israelis cut off the Egyptian garrison at Sharm el-Sheikh that Nasser became aware of the situation's gravity. After hearing of the attack, he rushed to army headquarters to inquire about the military situation. The simmering conflict between Nasser and Amer subsequently came to... | What did Nasser dismiss during the war? | What did Nasser dismiss during the war? | [
"What did Nasser dismiss during the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"rational analysis"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21480 | 5a64f5eac2b11c001a425b4f | Sumer | However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif... | What language is believed to have started among nomadic people? | What language is believed to have started among nomadic people? | [
"What language is believed to have started among nomadic people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88619 | 56d9749adc89441400fdb4a4 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun ... | How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong? | How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong? | [
"How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong?"
] | {
"text": [
"120"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37934 | 572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c3 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece? | Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece? | [
"Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece?"
] | {
"text": [
"Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95777 | 5ad3eab7604f3c001a3ff6f7 | Yale_University | While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range ... | In what architectural styles weren't Harkness' original colleges? | In what architectural styles weren't Harkness' original colleges? | [
"In what architectural styles weren't Harkness' original colleges?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25193 | 56d1186417492d1400aab913 | New_York_City | New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these t... | In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit? | In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit? | [
"In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit?"
] | {
"text": [
"John F. Kennedy International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106135 | 5725bbb1ec44d21400f3d490 | Hellenistic_period | Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the Leagu... | Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia? | Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia? | [
"Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philip II"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83921 | 5a7e0b2c70df9f001a875465 | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | What type of values do translators avoid where possible? | What type of values do translators avoid where possible? | [
"What type of values do translators avoid where possible?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76200 | 5726cded5951b619008f7e83 | Utrecht | The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to their new l... | Why was the transition to a new union difficult | Why was the transition to a new union difficult | [
"Why was the transition to a new union difficult "
] | {
"text": [
"Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35423 | 5ad0edbc645df0001a2d0862 | Gothic_architecture | The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids. The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle. This enabled architects to ... | Which type of vault can be used for circular and square shaped roofs? | Which type of vault can be used for circular and square shaped roofs? | [
"Which type of vault can be used for circular and square shaped roofs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114912 | 5a7e070b70df9f001a87543b | Matter | The term "matter" is used throughout physics in a bewildering variety of contexts: for example, one refers to "condensed matter physics", "elementary matter", "partonic" matter, "dark" matter, "anti"-matter, "strange" matter, and "nuclear" matter. In discussions of matter and antimatter, normal matter has been referred... | What is another name for anti-matter? | What is another name for anti-matter? | [
"What is another name for anti-matter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80673 | 5a66c406f038b7001ab0c101 | Data_compression | Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fr... | Who approves still-image coders? | Who approves still-image coders? | [
"Who approves still-image coders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6782 | 57284e44ff5b5019007da146 | PlayStation_3 | Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to th... | What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"? | What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"? | [
"What magazine described the Super Slim as \"nostalgic\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"T3"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31287 | 5a63b39e7f3c80001a150b14 | Germans | After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current refer... | Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights? | Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights? | [
"Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106776 | 5a8478cf7cf838001a46a83e | East_India_Company | The Company's headquarters in London, from which much of India was governed, was East India House in Leadenhall Street. After occupying premises in Philpot Lane from 1600 to 1621; in Crosby House, Bishopsgate, from 1621 to 1638; and in Leadenhall Street from 1638 to 1648, the Company moved into Craven House, an Elizabe... | What hospital now sits where the EIC headquarters last sat? | What hospital now sits where the EIC headquarters last sat? | [
"What hospital now sits where the EIC headquarters last sat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84062 | 5a7e349470df9f001a87555a | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | What reputation does machine translations lose? | What reputation does machine translations lose? | [
"What reputation does machine translations lose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69150 | 5ad41e23604f3c001a400623 | Houston | Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine ma... | What materials are underpinning the water of Houston? | What materials are underpinning the water of Houston? | [
"What materials are underpinning the water of Houston?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103367 | 5ad2ba2ad7d075001a42a06d | Multiracial_American | The writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that "most" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars w... | Who do genetic researchers claim have significant Native American heritage? | Who do genetic researchers claim have significant Native American heritage? | [
"Who do genetic researchers claim have significant Native American heritage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32230 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46244 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | An uplift of what formed Antarctica? | An uplift of what formed Antarctica? | [
"An uplift of what formed Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"sea bed sediments"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91221 | 5726bf32708984140094d032 | Avicenna | As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his books, perform th... | How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle? | How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle? | [
"How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Forty times"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99018 | 57277cf95951b619008f8b32 | Turner_Classic_Movies | Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service, with the only advertisements on the network being shown between features – which advertise TCM products, network promotions for upcoming special programs and the original trailers for films that are scheduled to be broadcast on TCM (particularly t... | When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website? | When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website? | [
"When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
732
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59553 | 5ad165ad645df0001a2d19a4 | Electric_motor | Currents induced into this winding provide the rotor magnetic field. The shape of the rotor bars determines the speed-torque characteristics. At low speeds, the current induced in the squirrel cage is nearly at line frequency and tends to be in the outer parts of the rotor cage. As the motor accelerates, the slip frequ... | Where can variable resistance not be created? | Where can variable resistance not be created? | [
" Where can variable resistance not be created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60775 | 5a36fcf095360f001af1b3a7 | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | Who proposed lengthening the year? | Who proposed lengthening the year? | [
"Who proposed lengthening the year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112593 | 5acec28832bba1001ae4b30a | United_States_Army | The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter... | What did the Navy traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians? | What did the Navy traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians? | [
"What did the Navy traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63029 | 572b87a334ae481900deae71 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | What type of orthography did Old Czech lack? | What type of orthography did Old Czech lack? | [
"What type of orthography did Old Czech lack?"
] | {
"text": [
"standard"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92009 | 57275bbb708984140094dc90 | Cotton | Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect... | Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber? | Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber? | [
"Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S."
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99375 | 5a8a3f623b2508001a72a8c1 | 51st_state | Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador,... | When did the British have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory? | When did the British have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory? | [
"When did the British have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29421 | 57302d33947a6a140053d21d | Swaziland | Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/A... | How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland? | How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland? | [
"How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly 2 percentage points"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9347 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef1 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except whe... | Who would prefix Lady to their surnames? | Who would prefix Lady to their surnames? | [
"Who would prefix Lady to their surnames?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wives of Knights"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50348 | 572e945cc246551400ce4373 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? | What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? | [
"What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? "
] | {
"text": [
"icy"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41224 | 5731bee9e17f3d1400422387 | Egypt | Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile De... | Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production? | Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production? | [
"Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production?"
] | {
"text": [
"has been a net oil importer since 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
963
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62582 | 5a7b8d4d21c2de001afea15b | Software_testing | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | Unit testing tries to eliminate collaboration errors before what? | Unit testing tries to eliminate collaboration errors before what? | [
"Unit testing tries to eliminate collaboration errors before what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3296 | 570805e39e06ca38007e9507 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the... | What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to? | What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to? | [
"What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52250 | 572a7f4bf75d5e190021fafe | Miami | Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly... | In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami? | In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami? | [
"In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19653 | 56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691a | Comprehensive_school | Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbou... | In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law? | In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law? | [
"In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87072 | 570aedcfec8fbc190045b77e | Videoconferencing | The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ... | What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane? | What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane? | [
"What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane?"
] | {
"text": [
"The MC"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110210 | 5727c8104b864d1900163cfd | Culture | The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for hu... | Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero? | Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero? | [
"Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samuel Pufendorf"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37996 | 5730124ca23a5019007fcd02 | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius? | Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius? | [
"Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius?"
] | {
"text": [
"aristocratic senators"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10457 | 5acf8a5777cf76001a68517e | Comics | The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick... | Where were comic strip stories never serialized? | Where were comic strip stories never serialized? | [
"Where were comic strip stories never serialized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57259 | 5a54243bbdaabd001a38684f | Muslim_world | Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatura... | Who used mythology to explain Islamic teachings? | Who used mythology to explain Islamic teachings? | [
"Who used mythology to explain Islamic teachings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32210 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff5 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ? | What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ? | [
"What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102455 | 56faae57f34c681400b0c112 | High-definition_television | Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup o... | To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned? | To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned? | [
"To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 frame/s"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78569 | 572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c5 | Greeks | The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ... | What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ? | What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ? | [
"What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ?"
] | {
"text": [
"agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18860 | 5733e6a54776f41900661476 | Premier_League | The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry ... | Against which team was the first goal scored? | Against which team was the first goal scored? | [
"Against which team was the first goal scored?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manchester United"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53531 | 56e81f4f37bdd419002c443e | Dialect | A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are c... | What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary? | What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary? | [
"What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?"
] | {
"text": [
"jargons"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60525 | 572773e45951b619008f8a3c | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated tha... | What percentage makes up for the whites living in the city? | What percentage makes up for the whites living in the city? | [
"What percentage makes up for the whites living in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"73.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44368 | 57070b9290286e26004fc845 | Chihuahua_(state) | In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th... | Which countries owned Mexican debt? | Which countries owned Mexican debt? | [
"Which countries owned Mexican debt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spain, England, and France"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53830 | 56e8379037bdd419002c44ac | Dialect | Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions ... | At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China? | At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China? | [
"At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?"
] | {
"text": [
"Standard Mandarin"
],
"answer_start": [
828
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35288 | 5ad0c6de645df0001a2d02da | Gothic_architecture | The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power. Bishops were appointed by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) and they often ruled as virtual princes over large estates. The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, wi... | Which periods saw a very slow growth in Monasticism? | Which periods saw a very slow growth in Monasticism? | [
"Which periods saw a very slow growth in Monasticism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90824 | 57323efae17f3d140042278c | Pacific_War | The battle of Iwo Jima ("Operation Detachment") in February 1945 was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans in the Pacific War. Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands. Holland Smith, the commander of the invasion force, aimed to capture the island,... | When did "Operation Detachment" occur? | When did "Operation Detachment" occur? | [
"When did \"Operation Detachment\" occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 1945"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4856 | 572a1ccd6aef0514001552a5 | Green | Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tre... | When was a good green vegetal dye finally produced? | When was a good green vegetal dye finally produced? | [
"When was a good green vegetal dye finally produced?"
] | {
"text": [
"16th century"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10162 | 572845633acd2414000df827 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Mansh... | Who did Nasser marry in 1944? | Who did Nasser marry in 1944? | [
"Who did Nasser marry in 1944?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tahia Kazem"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53301 | 5a68f6648476ee001a58a91e | Sichuan | Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which ... | How many distinct parts make up Tibet? | How many distinct parts make up Tibet? | [
"How many distinct parts make up Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10752 | 56fde387761e401900d28c39 | Computer | During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for high-... | Who built the first Colossus in 1943? | Who built the first Colossus in 1943? | [
"Who built the first Colossus in 1943?"
] | {
"text": [
"Flowers"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11240 | 5733ebf24776f4190066150a | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what? | To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what? | [
"To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a community in its own setting"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111367 | 5731ec3db9d445190005e6a4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi... | When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians? | When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians? | [
"When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians?"
] | {
"text": [
"AD 567"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54008 | 56dde8e466d3e219004dade2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German ... | What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for? | What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for? | [
"What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Vimy Ridge"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114050 | 5a42c5fc4a4859001aac72fe | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Albert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on the principle of relativity. This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers, regardless of the frame of reference that is used, and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames. This theory was mot... | What equation was motivated by Einstein's theory? | What equation was motivated by Einstein's theory? | [
"What equation was motivated by Einstein's theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51081 | 570a842b6d058f1900182f09 | Old_English | The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters ⟨j⟩ and ⟨w⟩, and there was no ⟨v⟩ as distinct from ⟨u⟩; moreover native Old English spellings did not use ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ or ⟨z⟩. The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modifie... | Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English? | Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English? | [
"Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?"
] | {
"text": [
"q"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106984 | 5ace5e9432bba1001ae4a438 | Hunting | From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of th... | What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under? | What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under? | [
"What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107626 | 571a9f4110f8ca14003051c2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ib... | Who killed Ali? | Who killed Ali? | [
"Who killed Ali?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kharijite partisan"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115534 | 57098392ed30961900e84262 | England_national_football_team | England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in... | What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup? | What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup? | [
"What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup?"
] | {
"text": [
"4–1"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101180 | 5ad27e33d7d075001a429709 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framew... | Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his unfavorable attitude towards the west? | Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his unfavorable attitude towards the west? | [
"Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his unfavorable attitude towards the west?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97562 | 56d38ba459d6e414001466e7 | Frédéric_Chopin | The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded. | Where was Chopin's funeral held? | Where was Chopin's funeral held? | [
"Where was Chopin's funeral held?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Church of the Madeleine in Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21882 | 570abf994103511400d5997c | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a... | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for? | Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for? | [
"Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for?"
] | {
"text": [
"the embarked admiral and his staff"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102726 | 5730507b8ab72b1400f9c441 | Association_football | In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the s... | Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes? | Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes? | [
"Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?"
] | {
"text": [
"15"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57570 | 572eafd1c246551400ce4508 | Quran | In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few ... | What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran? | What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran? | [
"What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran?"
] | {
"text": [
"manzil"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3153 | 56dc5baa14d3a41400c26806 | Genome | Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details. By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome. | What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about? | What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about? | [
"What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about?"
] | {
"text": [
"evolutionary history"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65559 | 5727cc3a3acd2414000deca4 | Detroit | Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011. Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amou... | How many days a year does Detroit get a thick snow pack? | How many days a year does Detroit get a thick snow pack? | [
"How many days a year does Detroit get a thick snow pack?"
] | {
"text": [
"27.5"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73561 | 56db3e49e7c41114004b4f91 | American_Idol | The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a... | How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010? | How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010? | [
"How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"47 million"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1037 | 572eb63603f9891900756980 | Endangered_Species_Act | There have been six instances as of 2009 in which the exemption process was initiated. Of these six, one was granted, one was partially granted, one was denied and three were withdrawn. Donald Baur, in The Endangered Species Act: law, policy, and perspectives, concluded," ... the exemption provision is basically a nonf... | How can jeopardy opinions be dissuaded? | How can jeopardy opinions be dissuaded? | [
"How can jeopardy opinions be dissuaded?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the identification of reasonable and prudent alternatives to avoid jeopardy."
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8832 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev? | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev? | [
"What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34551 | 56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0413 | Southampton | Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contempora... | What's Southampton University's radio station called? | What's Southampton University's radio station called? | [
"What's Southampton University's radio station called?"
] | {
"text": [
"SURGE"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32995 | 5ad186e4645df0001a2d1e9f | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Can... | How is India treating incandescent light bulbs? | How is India treating incandescent light bulbs? | [
"How is India treating incandescent light bulbs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64468 | 57333879d058e614000b578c | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal? | Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal? | [
"Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?"
] | {
"text": [
"France, Spain and Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71506 | 5727e4173acd2414000def1b | Oklahoma | Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, s... | What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma? | What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma? | [
"What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?"
] | {
"text": [
"Will Rogers World Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85394 | 57280b503acd2414000df308 | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? | When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? | [
"When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used?"
] | {
"text": [
"normally in their respective language"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50101 | 5a8209af31013a001a335128 | Phonology | An integrated approach to phonological theory that combines synchronic and diachronic accounts to sound patterns was initiated with Evolutionary Phonology in recent years. | What is combined to sound patterns by recent patterns? | What is combined to sound patterns by recent patterns? | [
"What is combined to sound patterns by recent patterns?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106332 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6c | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist? | What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist? | [
"What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"165 BCE to 63 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.