gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-69472 | 570aa0106d058f1900183014 | Houston | In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research... | How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost? | How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost? | [
"How many jobs did Houston add for every one lost?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41875 | 5a42a5a04a4859001aac726f | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199. The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB£150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions o... | What venture released the Super Famicom in Brazil in 1991? | What venture released the Super Famicom in Brazil in 1991? | [
"What venture released the Super Famicom in Brazil in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84688 | 57301d1da23a5019007fcda8 | San_Diego | The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the larges... | How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico? | How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico? | [
"How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico?"
] | {
"text": [
"15-mile (24 km)"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8205 | 5726599df1498d1400e8dcdd | Thuringia | The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of ... | When were the thuringii first mentioned? | When were the thuringii first mentioned? | [
"When were the thuringii first mentioned?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 400"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101772 | 56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8ec | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what? | Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what? | [
"Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what?"
] | {
"text": [
"medicinal properties"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35027 | 571a44a910f8ca1400304fa0 | Memory | Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage ... | Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged? | Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged? | [
"Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged?"
] | {
"text": [
"hippocampus"
],
"answer_start": [
812
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35555 | 5726d18a708984140094d231 | Gothic_architecture | Other cities with a concentration of secular Gothic include Bruges and Siena. Most surviving small secular buildings are relatively plain and straightforward; most windows are flat-topped with mullions, with pointed arches and vaulted ceilings often only found at a few focal points. The country-houses of the nobility w... | What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? | What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? | [
"What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? "
] | {
"text": [
"Mont Saint-Michel"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50481 | 572ea93ec246551400ce448b | Neptune | On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o... | What is the Earth's orbit? | What is the Earth's orbit? | [
"What is the Earth's orbit?"
] | {
"text": [
"365.26-day"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24864 | 56cf3442aab44d1400b88e39 | New_York_City | The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-His... | By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease? | By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease? | [
"By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease?"
] | {
"text": [
"3"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18161 | 570db4b716d0071400510d11 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative a... | Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950? | Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950? | [
"Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61724 | 572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb2 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer? | What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer? | [
"What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?"
] | {
"text": [
"any type"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70643 | 56dfeec77aa994140058e28b | Pub | There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560. | Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located? | Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located? | [
"Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Holywell"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103447 | 571dfb4e55697319006390de | Multiracial_American | Colonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies, often have much more information about slaves, from which researchers are reconstructing slave family histories. Genealogists have begun to find plantation records, court records, land deeds and other source... | What has helped geneologists researching slaves? | What has helped geneologists researching slaves? | [
"What has helped geneologists researching slaves?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonial records of French and Spanish slave ships and sales, and plantation records in all the former colonies"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34100 | 5728edab2ca10214002daaab | Alaska | Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system covers a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the Alaska Highway, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, only a car ferry... | Which part of Alaska has no road system connecting it to other areas? | Which part of Alaska has no road system connecting it to other areas? | [
"Which part of Alaska has no road system connecting it to other areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"western part"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3981 | 56d4d9a92ccc5a1400d832a6 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs... | What style of music does Beyoncé usually perform? | What style of music does Beyoncé usually perform? | [
"What style of music does Beyoncé usually perform?"
] | {
"text": [
"R&B"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82661 | 56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f0 | Saint_Helena | The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from As... | What was imported by the settlers of the island? | What was imported by the settlers of the island? | [
"What was imported by the settlers of the island?"
] | {
"text": [
"livestock, fruit trees and vegetables"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109205 | 572783585951b619008f8bcf | Carnival | The Carnival of Vilanova i la Geltrú has documented history from 1790 and is one of the richest in the variety of its acts and rituals. It adopts an ancient style in which satire, the grotesque body (particularly cross-dressing and displays of exaggerated bellies, noses and phalli) and above all, active participation a... | What's the name of the day-long agenda of eating and fighting with meringue? | What's the name of the day-long agenda of eating and fighting with meringue? | [
"What's the name of the day-long agenda of eating and fighting with meringue?"
] | {
"text": [
"Merengada"
],
"answer_start": [
1104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59477 | 5726ad34dd62a815002e8caa | Electric_motor | The rotating armature consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a laminated, magnetically "soft" ferromagnetic core. Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet). The magnetic field produced by the armature interacts with... | What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning? | What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning? | [
"What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning?"
] | {
"text": [
"commutator"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108749 | 5726ba47dd62a815002e8e63 | Literature | The formalist definition is that the history of "literature" foregrounds poetic effects; it is the "literariness" or "poeticity" of literature that distinguishes it from ordinary speech or other kinds of writing (e.g., journalism). Jim Meyer considers this a useful characteristic in explaining the use of the term to me... | What part of ordinary language makes it difficult to apply the formalist definition? | What part of ordinary language makes it difficult to apply the formalist definition? | [
"What part of ordinary language makes it difficult to apply the formalist definition?"
] | {
"text": [
"an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26511 | 5a539beabdaabd001a386705 | University | The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famine, regicide, and ch... | Who favored amtempory advancements over the works of Aristotle? | Who favored amtempory advancements over the works of Aristotle? | [
"Who favored amtempory advancements over the works of Aristotle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45616 | 571a9a4110f8ca1400305194 | Ashkenazi_Jews | The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Eu... | The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time? | The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time? | [
"The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time?"
] | {
"text": [
"pre-Christian times"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7367 | 5a13a6e6c8eab200188dc9e9 | Georgian_architecture | Public buildings generally varied between the extremes of plain boxes with grid windows and Italian Late Renaissance palaces, depending on budget. Somerset House in London, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1776 for government offices, was as magnificent as any country house, though never quite finished, as funds ran... | What do commercial projects early in them. Tend to be? | What do commercial projects early in them. Tend to be? | [
"What do commercial projects early in them. Tend to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48386 | 56fa5af68f12f3190063012d | Wood | Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant. | What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood? | What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood? | [
"What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?"
] | {
"text": [
"woodwind instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2276 | 56d128f817492d1400aabae2 | Buddhism | According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate ... | What is the state called between lives? | What is the state called between lives? | [
"What is the state called between lives?"
] | {
"text": [
"bardo"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8331 | 5a7cc7e8e8bc7e001a9e2013 | Thuringia | Migration plays an important role in Thuringia. The internal migration shows a strong tendency from rural areas towards the big cities. From 2008 to 2012, there was a net migration from Thuringia to Erfurt of +6,700 persons (33 per 1000 inhabitants), +1,800 to Gera (19 per 1000), +1,400 to Jena (14 per 1000), +1,400 to... | What has never fluctuated? | What has never fluctuated? | [
"What has never fluctuated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71058 | 5acf4dd377cf76001a684b71 | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school located on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and currently has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students. | How many students dropped out of the business school at KU? | How many students dropped out of the business school at KU? | [
"How many students dropped out of the business school at KU?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34273 | 56f83185aef2371900625ee6 | Southampton | In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, whic... | What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of? | What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of? | [
"What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Hampshire"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55322 | 5a31745be4dcb1001abb2322 | Baptists | In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the Ame... | Southern congregations formed what organization? | Southern congregations formed what organization? | [
"Southern congregations formed what organization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82913 | 56e07f7e231d4119001ac1f3 | Saint_Helena | SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical ... | When was the first fibre-optic network installed? | When was the first fibre-optic network installed? | [
"When was the first fibre-optic network installed?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73109 | 56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bdd | American_Idol | The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13. Starting season ten, the girls an... | How many contestants were finalists for season 12? | How many contestants were finalists for season 12? | [
"How many contestants were finalists for season 12?"
] | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12905 | 5acff89a77cf76001a6866ac | Republic_of_the_Congo | The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, d... | Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin? | Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin? | [
"Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49614 | 570d65c3fed7b91900d45fca | Valencia | Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays ... | How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league? | How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league? | [
"How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32125 | 5728ec424b864d19001650a1 | Myanmar | The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, he... | What percentage of the countries's farm-able land is used for the major farming production crop in Burma? | What percentage of the countries's farm-able land is used for the major farming production crop in Burma? | [
"What percentage of the countries's farm-able land is used for the major farming production crop in Burma? "
] | {
"text": [
"60%"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74616 | 570c35b9ec8fbc190045bdc1 | Melbourne | The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropoli... | What city is known to be home to Australia's most extensive freeway network? | What city is known to be home to Australia's most extensive freeway network? | [
"What city is known to be home to Australia's most extensive freeway network?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110183 | 5a396b042f14dd001ac72313 | Culture | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture? | What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture? | [
"What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58529 | 570e5d860dc6ce1900204fa1 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature. Writing was not introduced to India until after Sanskrit had evolved into the Prakrits; when it was written, the choice of writing system was influenced by the regional scripts o... | Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin? | Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin? | [
"Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"oral tradition"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103767 | 5a3c0417cc5d22001a521d2a | East_Prussia | Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad... | In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad? | In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad? | [
"In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63173 | 572ba3f1be1ee31400cb8473 | Czech_language | In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of mov... | What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech? | What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech? | [
"What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?"
] | {
"text": [
"the noun it describes"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20909 | 5acfc1c677cf76001a685d1a | Prime_minister | The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. | Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China? | Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China? | [
"Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37840 | 572fcee4b2c2fd1400568499 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius? | Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius? | [
"Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latins"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101638 | 56d5f6b21c85041400946e66 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication? | The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication? | [
"The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?"
] | {
"text": [
"morphology and behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66846 | 572819323acd2414000df47f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18... | What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? | What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? | [
"What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to?"
] | {
"text": [
"plight of their Church."
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60410 | 5ace36f432bba1001ae49eac | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Over 50% of undergraduate students live on campus. Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (160,000 m2). It is the location of all the freshman buildings as well as several upperclassman b... | How large is the Danforth Campus? | How large is the Danforth Campus? | [
"How large is the Danforth Campus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74996 | 572eb3abdfa6aa1500f8d2d6 | Elevator | In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator opera... | A rheostat is the size and shape of what? | A rheostat is the size and shape of what? | [
"A rheostat is the size and shape of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a cake"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27023 | 5a578a9d770dc0001aeefc6d | Orthodox_Judaism | According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t... | How large is the global Jewish news service? | How large is the global Jewish news service? | [
"How large is the global Jewish news service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10593 | 56e038cc7aa994140058e3b7 | Comics | Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize th... | What are there prominent examples of in comic history? | What are there prominent examples of in comic history? | [
"What are there prominent examples of in comic history?"
] | {
"text": [
"pantomime comics"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2612 | 56d2733d59d6e41400146001 | Buddhism | Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire a... | The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more? | The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more? | [
"The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more?"
] | {
"text": [
"stūpas"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10124 | 572838114b864d190016477b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi... | What was the first Nasserist political party? | What was the first Nasserist political party? | [
"What was the first Nasserist political party?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab Democratic Nasserist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64030 | 57282a2e2ca10214002d9fb6 | Annelid | The sensors are primarily single cells that detect light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact, and are present on the head, appendages (if any) and other parts of the body. Nuchal ("on the neck") organs are paired, ciliated structures found only in polychaetes, and are thought to be chemosensors. Some polychaetes als... | What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect? | What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect? | [
"What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect?"
] | {
"text": [
"light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79380 | 5727824bdd62a815002e9f17 | Heian_period | While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants. The control of rice fields provided a key source of income for families such as the Fujiwara and were a fundamental ba... | What crop became the primary unit of exchange? | What crop became the primary unit of exchange? | [
"What crop became the primary unit of exchange?"
] | {
"text": [
"rice"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99724 | 56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9a | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades? | What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades? | [
"What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Order of the Sword Brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49446 | 570d1a25fed7b91900d45c0b | Valencia | Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adja... | What airport is closest to Valencia? | What airport is closest to Valencia? | [
"What airport is closest to Valencia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Valencia Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27269 | 572edbc103f9891900756a97 | Transistor | The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be ... | Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor? | Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor? | [
"Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36138 | 5ace638f32bba1001ae4a543 | Printed_circuit_board | Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints inc... | Printed copper-clad boards were used to make what? | Printed copper-clad boards were used to make what? | [
"Printed copper-clad boards were used to make what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69881 | 57303e5ea23a5019007fcfff | Windows_8 | Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated. It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once... | What does :76 Shadow Copy do? | What does :76 Shadow Copy do? | [
"What does :76 Shadow Copy do?"
] | {
"text": [
"access previous versions of shared files stored on a Windows Server computer"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24354 | 5ad42c3c604f3c001a400945 | Bermuda | Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. A... | What began in 1827? | What began in 1827? | [
"What began in 1827?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32354 | 570dccdd0b85d914000d7b6d | Antarctica | New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Ant... | What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border? | What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border? | [
"What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?"
] | {
"text": [
"south of 60° S"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97750 | 5a81df6631013a001a334f2d | Humanism | During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and ear... | What do current tenants of humanism avoid? | What do current tenants of humanism avoid? | [
"What do current tenants of humanism avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114139 | 572a3caeaf94a219006aa901 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with the... | Who is an example of a perdurantist? | Who is an example of a perdurantist? | [
"Who is an example of a perdurantist?"
] | {
"text": [
"David Lewis"
],
"answer_start": [
878
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11824 | 56faea72f34c681400b0c18e | Somalis | The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national fla... | Who devised the Somali flag? | Who devised the Somali flag? | [
"Who devised the Somali flag?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohammed Awale Liban"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19308 | 5a3b07613ff257001ab8439e | Rule_of_law | There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use. A... | Who was against the divine right of kings in England during the fifteenth century? | Who was against the divine right of kings in England during the fifteenth century? | [
"Who was against the divine right of kings in England during the fifteenth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102928 | 572805f5ff5b5019007d9b1a | Unicode | The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from l... | What is the UTF-8 standard? | What is the UTF-8 standard? | [
"What is the UTF-8 standard? "
] | {
"text": [
"RFC 3629"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40859 | 5a6bb3484eec6b001a80a4f2 | Predation | Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike p... | How do caterpillars feed during the day? | How do caterpillars feed during the day? | [
"How do caterpillars feed during the day?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73206 | 56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbc | American_Idol | Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer. | What was Aiken's single release named? | What was Aiken's single release named? | [
"What was Aiken's single release named?"
] | {
"text": [
"This Is the Night"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20547 | 56cc62ce6d243a140015ef84 | IPod | In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont. | What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors? | What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors? | [
"What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors?"
] | {
"text": [
"12.2"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32457 | 5ad25ca5d7d075001a428ec1 | Antarctica | Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 in... | What Antartcic Church closed in 2004? | What Antartcic Church closed in 2004? | [
"What Antartcic Church closed in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107418 | 5a623299f8d794001af1bed2 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses. In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, inc... | How much were the East Resources' gas fields worth? | How much were the East Resources' gas fields worth? | [
"How much were the East Resources' gas fields worth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90045 | 5726aabcf1498d1400e8e686 | Somerset | Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population densi... | What is the population growth rate of Somerset county | What is the population growth rate of Somerset county | [
"What is the population growth rate of Somerset county "
] | {
"text": [
"Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40253 | 5727e50a2ca10214002d98f5 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office... | What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district? | What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district? | [
"What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district?"
] | {
"text": [
"Route 34 extension"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63564 | 5725ee8a38643c19005acebc | Buckingham_Palace | Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in... | What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society? | What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society? | [
"What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?"
] | {
"text": [
"coming out"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98515 | 5a5f7ddfeae51e001ab14b0d | Marvel_Comics | Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his... | When was Martin Goodman born? | When was Martin Goodman born? | [
"When was Martin Goodman born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115698 | 5727bb2a3acd2414000deacf | Galicia_(Spain) | The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubo... | In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of? | In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of? | [
"In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of?"
] | {
"text": [
"sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45267 | 5a4c43b77a6c4c001a2bbbcb | Sahara | The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. ... | what contributes to the moisture that is present in the desert? | what contributes to the moisture that is present in the desert? | [
"what contributes to the moisture that is present in the desert?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57440 | 572e9b93cb0c0d14000f134c | Quran | Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhamma... | In which year CE did Muhammad die? | In which year CE did Muhammad die? | [
"In which year CE did Muhammad die?"
] | {
"text": [
"632"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60646 | 5ace451232bba1001ae4a146 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Left-wing politics have been particularly strong in municipal government since the 1960s. Voters approved charter amendments that have lessened the penalties for possession of marijuana (1974), and that aim to protect access to abortion in the city should it ever become illegal in the State of Michigan (1990). In 1974,... | What process was repealed in 1967 after use in only one election? | What process was repealed in 1967 after use in only one election? | [
"What process was repealed in 1967 after use in only one election?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111427 | 573201d7b9d445190005e716 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Rome's government, politics and religion were dominated by an educated, male, landowning military aristocracy. Approximately half Rome's population were slave or free non-citizens. Most others were plebeians, the lowest class of Roman citizens. Less than a quarter of adult males had voting rights; far fewer could actua... | How many adult males were able to vote in Rome? | How many adult males were able to vote in Rome? | [
"How many adult males were able to vote in Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Less than a quarter"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55318 | 5a31745be4dcb1001abb231e | Baptists | In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the Ame... | When did Baptist congregations combine efforts over slavery? | When did Baptist congregations combine efforts over slavery? | [
"When did Baptist congregations combine efforts over slavery?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81506 | 5ad17a6a645df0001a2d1dd3 | Queen_Victoria | In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Churc... | What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1867? | What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1867? | [
"What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1867?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115174 | 5a39e9b52f14dd001ac7263d | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | What can the appearance of genera be broadly given? | What can the appearance of genera be broadly given? | [
"What can the appearance of genera be broadly given?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71883 | 5acf5b8177cf76001a684c23 | Capacitor | The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on thei... | What equation describes the charge density for an unideal model of a capacitor? | What equation describes the charge density for an unideal model of a capacitor? | [
"What equation describes the charge density for an unideal model of a capacitor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63994 | 5ace7cbc32bba1001ae4a7db | Annelid | Annelids' cuticles are made of collagen fibers, usually in layers that spiral in alternating directions so that the fibers cross each other. These are secreted by the one-cell deep epidermis (outermost skin layer). A few marine annelids that live in tubes lack cuticles, but their tubes have a similar structure, and muc... | How are the eyes arranged in annelids' cuticles? | How are the eyes arranged in annelids' cuticles? | [
"How are the eyes arranged in annelids' cuticles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88118 | 572c0480dfb02c14005c6b5f | God | Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his o... | Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world? | Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world? | [
"Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pascal Boyer"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96764 | 5a8cb426fd22b3001a8d8d73 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not... | What is the birth of Jesus thought to be in history? | What is the birth of Jesus thought to be in history? | [
"What is the birth of Jesus thought to be in history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41644 | 56cec79caab44d1400b88a34 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts. At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas. By 1... | How many helicopters were deployed? | How many helicopters were deployed? | [
"How many helicopters were deployed?"
] | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8584 | 56e0a03e231d4119001ac2ea | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized? | In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized? | [
"In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57980 | 5ad41313604f3c001a40025d | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Title VII was perhaps the most controversial of the entire bill. Many conservatives accused it of advocating a de facto quota system, and claimed unconstitutionality as it attempts to regulate the workplace. Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey corrected this notion: "there is nothing in [Title VII] that will give power t... | Which Mayor fought back against the criticism of Title VII? | Which Mayor fought back against the criticism of Title VII? | [
" Which Mayor fought back against the criticism of Title VII?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105424 | 5728327a2ca10214002da068 | History_of_science | The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neu... | What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science? | What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science? | [
"What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?"
] | {
"text": [
"PET scans and CAT scans"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88246 | 56d89fbcbfea0914004b76fd | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symb... | When did the Olympic torch reach Beijing? | When did the Olympic torch reach Beijing? | [
"When did the Olympic torch reach Beijing?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 31"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68599 | 570adc644103511400d59ab0 | Mesozoic | Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ... | How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin? | How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin? | [
"How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"4M to 6M"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101067 | 5a5e608c5bc9f4001a75af8a | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | Who is not worshiped in Dvaitadvaita? | Who is not worshiped in Dvaitadvaita? | [
"Who is not worshiped in Dvaitadvaita?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62146 | 57267b7edd62a815002e86b2 | Chicago_Cubs | The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid sea... | When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum? | When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum? | [
"When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 30, 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31809 | 570da3fadf2f5219002ed094 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t... | What do armies tend to have in depth? | What do armies tend to have in depth? | [
"What do armies tend to have in depth?"
] | {
"text": [
"air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76905 | 572655bf708984140094c2cb | Dutch_language | Dutch belongs to its own West Germanic sub-group, West Low Franconian, paired with its sister language Limburgish, or East Low Franconian. Closest relative is the mutual intelligible daughter language Afrikaans. Other West Germanic languages related to Dutch are German, English and the Frisian languages, and the non st... | As opposed to Dutch, what language was influenced by the High German sound shift? | As opposed to Dutch, what language was influenced by the High German sound shift? | [
"As opposed to Dutch, what language was influenced by the High German sound shift?"
] | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107154 | 5ace7b5432bba1001ae4a7ab | Hunting | Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over... | In what year was the National Wildlife Refuge system created? | In what year was the National Wildlife Refuge system created? | [
"In what year was the National Wildlife Refuge system created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32667 | 570e152a0b85d914000d7cb3 | Antarctica | Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch... | After the division from Australia, what began to appear? | After the division from Australia, what began to appear? | [
"After the division from Australia, what began to appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"ice"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8319 | 57266600f1498d1400e8de58 | Thuringia | The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and ... | How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65? | How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65? | [
"How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 30%"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34383 | 56f8767fa6d7ea1400e17680 | Southampton | The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of ... | What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'? | What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'? | [
"What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?"
] | {
"text": [
"1640"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102367 | 5ad3bd5f604f3c001a3fef1d | High-definition_television | Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe ... | The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first SDTV broadcasts? | The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first SDTV broadcasts? | [
"The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first SDTV broadcasts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64210 | 572835282ca10214002da0c9 | Annelid | In addition to re-writing the classification of annelids and 3 previously independent phyla, the molecular phylogenetics analyses undermine the emphasis that decades of previous writings placed on the importance of segmentation in the classification of invertebrates. Polychaetes, which these analyses found to be the pa... | What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the rear? | What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the rear? | [
"What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the rear?"
] | {
"text": [
"pogonophores"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90964 | 572aaea4111d821400f38ca8 | John_Kerry | With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army,... | Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam? | Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam? | [
"Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam?"
] | {
"text": [
"his father"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.