gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-89323 | 57310e2b05b4da19006bcd32 | Great_power | Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In th... | What marked the conclusion of The Great War? | What marked the conclusion of The Great War? | [
"What marked the conclusion of The Great War?"
] | {
"text": [
"treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16882 | 5725bcba38643c19005acc27 | Israel | The First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, broke out in 1987, with waves of uncoordinated demonstrations and violence occurring in the occupied West Bank and Gaza. Over the following six years, the Intifada became more organised and included economic and cultural measures aimed at disrupting the I... | PLO supported who during the Gulf War? | PLO supported who during the Gulf War? | [
"PLO supported who during the Gulf War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saddam Hussein"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67652 | 5a81b93931013a001a334ded | Norfolk_Island | Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been con... | What are some species of extinct whales that can currently be seen on Norfolk Island today? | What are some species of extinct whales that can currently be seen on Norfolk Island today? | [
"What are some species of extinct whales that can currently be seen on Norfolk Island today?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81826 | 5acfb3be77cf76001a68597b | Royal_assent | Under modern constitutional conventions, the sovereign acts on the advice of his or her ministers. Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent. An exception is someti... | Whose active powers are required when a royal assent is refused? | Whose active powers are required when a royal assent is refused? | [
"Whose active powers are required when a royal assent is refused?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66201 | 570bf3abec8fbc190045bbe3 | ASCII | ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first edition of the standard was publishe... | What was the first commercial use of ASCII? | What was the first commercial use of ASCII? | [
"What was the first commercial use of ASCII?"
] | {
"text": [
"a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47538 | 572fc34c947a6a140053cc70 | Armenia | Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward E... | Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri? | Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri? | [
"Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri?"
] | {
"text": [
"as a deterrent against Turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37778 | 5728d7e22ca10214002da941 | London | Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre. So... | What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer? | What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer? | [
"What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kenwood House"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6093 | 572743c45951b619008f879b | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo X’s renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his h... | Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire? | Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire? | [
"Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frederick the Wise"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36287 | 5ace83bd32bba1001ae4a918 | Printed_circuit_board | PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilu... | Which coatings are usually dips of dilute solutions of wax rubber? | Which coatings are usually dips of dilute solutions of wax rubber? | [
"Which coatings are usually dips of dilute solutions of wax rubber?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37499 | 5727f0a93acd2414000df03d | London | During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism, much of London passing from church to private ownership. The traffic in woollen cloths shipped undyed and undressed from London to the nearby shores of the Low Countries, where it was considered indispensable. But the tentacles of Englis... | In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur? | In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur? | [
"In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Tudor period"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103662 | 572a2f743f37b31900478789 | East_Prussia | At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu... | In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place? | In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place? | [
"In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37805 | 572fbf77b2c2fd14005683dc | Roman_Republic | Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding ari... | Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy? | Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy? | [
"Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"leading plebeian families"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12947 | 56dcec399a695914005b9480 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and N... | When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo? | When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo? | [
"When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1968"
],
"answer_start": [
770
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115390 | 56ea9e8c0030b61400a34fea | Political_corruption | Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places). | Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports? | Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports? | [
"Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-doping controls"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31037 | 572743e2f1498d1400e8f56d | Mexico_City | The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la... | What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city? | What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city? | [
"What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"defeños"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99913 | 572a9bb9be1ee31400cb80ba | Guam | Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the mo... | Where is the island of Guan located? | Where is the island of Guan located? | [
"Where is the island of Guan located?"
] | {
"text": [
"northwestern Pacific Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92041 | 5a81a04d31013a001a334cf5 | Cotton | Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally us... | What part of wool is used for paper manufacture? | What part of wool is used for paper manufacture? | [
"What part of wool is used for paper manufacture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97551 | 56d38a4a59d6e414001466bf | Frédéric_Chopin | Some of his friends provided music at his request; among them, Potocka sang and Franchomme played the cello. Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross. He also bequeathed his unfinished notes on a... | What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask? | What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask? | [
"What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask?"
] | {
"text": [
"a cast of his left hand."
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58304 | 5a2e04e1f28ef0001a5266fb | Federal_Aviation_Administration | On the eve of America's entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war. The application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial a... | When did America enter World War II? | When did America enter World War II? | [
"When did America enter World War II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109728 | 5728fd971d04691400778f27 | Samurai | Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many ... | How idealistic were samurai? | How idealistic were samurai? | [
"How idealistic were samurai?"
] | {
"text": [
"as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3052 | 5acda90807355d001abf48e2 | British_Isles | The United Kingdom and Ireland have separate media, although British television, newspapers and magazines are widely available in Ireland, giving people in Ireland a high level of familiarity with cultural matters in the United Kingdom. Irish newspapers are also available in the UK, and Irish state and private televisi... | The Mercury Music Prize is given out weekly for? | The Mercury Music Prize is given out weekly for? | [
"The Mercury Music Prize is given out weekly for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68286 | 5ad41dff604f3c001a400602 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling w... | The region where cotton plantations weren't developed was known as what? | The region where cotton plantations weren't developed was known as what? | [
"The region where cotton plantations weren't developed was known as what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13151 | 56dd1dc29a695914005b94e4 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in... | What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui? | What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui? | [
"What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?"
] | {
"text": [
"12%"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106188 | 5725c85738643c19005acce1 | Hellenistic_period | Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central governmen... | When was the Aetolian League formed? | When was the Aetolian League formed? | [
"When was the Aetolian League formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"370 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34459 | 56f8a20b9e9bad19000a021e | Southampton | There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South E... | How many women live in Southampton? | How many women live in Southampton? | [
"How many women live in Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"117,400"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101988 | 5a514695ce860b001aa3fca7 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | When were attempts to abandon sovereignty made? | When were attempts to abandon sovereignty made? | [
"When were attempts to abandon sovereignty made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112918 | 5a70ba578abb0b001a6760da | Xbox_360 | Two major hardware revisions of the Xbox 360 have succeeded the original models; the Xbox 360 S (also referred to as the "Slim") replaced the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models in 2010. The S model carries a smaller, streamlined appearance with an angular case, and utilizes a redesigned motherboard designed to allevi... | Which video format does S not support? | Which video format does S not support? | [
"Which video format does S not support?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20492 | 56cc56856d243a140015ef1f | IPod | Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. | Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes? | Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes? | [
"Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56049 | 56e7a08700c9c71400d77416 | Arena_Football_League | Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues. With its 50.1 percent ownership of af2, the AFL's bankruptcy and dissolution prompted the dissolution of af2 as well. That l... | Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2? | Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2? | [
"Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arizona Rattlers"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102887 | 5acd15fa07355d001abf3406 | Unicode | Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementer... | What is developed alongside the UCS? | What is developed alongside the UCS? | [
"What is developed alongside the UCS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8842 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | [
"When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3095 | 5a5923c33e1742001a15cfbb | Genome | Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes: diploid, triploid, tetraploid and so on. In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell. The halving of the g... | What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean? | What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean? | [
"What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116174 | 5733fcd74776f41900661661 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It... | Who led the Umayyad army? | Who led the Umayyad army? | [
"Who led the Umayyad army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muhammad bin Qasim"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89488 | 572f709d947a6a140053c966 | The_Blitz | Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ... | Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939? | Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939? | [
"Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK and France"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58427 | 570e291c0dc6ce1900204e0f | Sanskrit | Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, a... | What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as? | What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as? | [
"What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as?"
] | {
"text": [
"perfected manner"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39449 | 57273647f1498d1400e8f4aa | FA_Cup | The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria. All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible. Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also el... | Is the competition open to anyone? | Is the competition open to anyone? | [
"Is the competition open to anyone? "
] | {
"text": [
"The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56739 | 5727ac6aff5b5019007d9251 | Gramophone_record | Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much... | What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm? | What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm? | [
"What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm?"
] | {
"text": [
"7 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12849 | 5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance? | Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance? | [
"Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78780 | 5730a1eb396df9190009622e | Greeks | The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his... | Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ? | Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ? | [
"Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85688 | 57111c66b654c5140001fb65 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video System" likewise never materialized. By the beginning of 1985, the Famicom had sold more than 2.5 million units i... | How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? | How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? | [
"How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.5 million units"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22431 | 570964e1200fba1400367f47 | Himachal_Pradesh | Other religions that form a small percentage are Buddhism and Sikhism. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists. Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population. For example, they form 10% of the population in Una District adjoining the state of Punjab and 17% in S... | What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh? | What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh? | [
"What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh?"
] | {
"text": [
"slightly 2.18%"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31497 | 57295f556aef051400154da8 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | Who was threatened by Nationalism? | Who was threatened by Nationalism? | [
"Who was threatened by Nationalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"aristocratic regimes"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51621 | 5706983475f01819005e7c24 | New_Delhi | New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delh... | What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi? | What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi? | [
"What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105219 | 5727026e5951b619008f848b | History_of_science | Mathematics: The earliest traces of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appear with the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 4th millennium BC ~ c. 3rd millennium BC). The people of this civilization made bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick stru... | How long were the units in inches of the Mohenjo-daro ruler? | How long were the units in inches of the Mohenjo-daro ruler? | [
"How long were the units in inches of the Mohenjo-daro ruler?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.32 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114142 | 5a42d4e74a4859001aac735b | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with the... | What does endurantism take account of the change in? | What does endurantism take account of the change in? | [
"What does endurantism take account of the change in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96884 | 5a21cf998a6e4f001aa08efd | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What is the official title of all Cardinals? | What is the official title of all Cardinals? | [
"What is the official title of all Cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80092 | 5a62589ff8d794001af1bf87 | Samoa | Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of... | For how long of a term was Malietoa Tanumafili II elected in 2007? | For how long of a term was Malietoa Tanumafili II elected in 2007? | [
"For how long of a term was Malietoa Tanumafili II elected in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72734 | 570fd1ed5ab6b8190039104c | Dell | From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the la... | What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer? | What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer? | [
"What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Compaq"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104743 | 57335128d058e614000b584c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Another example relates to AIG, which insured obligations of various financial institutions through the usage of credit default swaps. The basic CDS transaction involved AIG receiving a premium in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted. However, AIG did not have the financial stre... | When did the government take over AIG? | When did the government take over AIG? | [
"When did the government take over AIG?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5768 | 5706b5912eaba6190074ac58 | House_music | In the late 1980s, Nu Groove Records prolonged, if not launched the careers of Rheji Burrell & Rhano Burrell, collectively known as Burrell (after a brief stay on Virgin America via Timmy Regisford and Frank Mendez), along with basically every relevant DJ and Producer in the NY underground scene. The Burrell's are resp... | what label launched the careers of burrell? | what label launched the careers of burrell? | [
"what label launched the careers of burrell?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nu Groove Records"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40841 | 572665eddd62a815002e839a | Predation | Parasites can at times be difficult to distinguish from grazers. Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species. While a grazing species such as an elephant may travel many kilometers in a single day, grazing on many plants in the process, para... | Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day. | Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day. | [
"Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day."
] | {
"text": [
"elephant"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8140 | 5ad0182477cf76001a6869a5 | Copyright_infringement | The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies. The GAO report explained that the sources –... | What 2010 body found how difficult it is to inaccurately report the financial impact of infringement? | What 2010 body found how difficult it is to inaccurately report the financial impact of infringement? | [
"What 2010 body found how difficult it is to inaccurately report the financial impact of infringement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87066 | 570aec4d6b8089140040f618 | Videoconferencing | It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o... | What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system? | What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system? | [
"What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system?"
] | {
"text": [
"PictureTel Corp."
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97017 | 5a21db808a6e4f001aa08fa3 | Canon_law | Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi... | What did the Presbyterians criticize in the fifteenth century? | What did the Presbyterians criticize in the fifteenth century? | [
"What did the Presbyterians criticize in the fifteenth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104433 | 5728b4224b864d1900164c66 | Mandolin | The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly... | Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play? | Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play? | [
"Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play? "
] | {
"text": [
"Boston and New York"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111709 | 5acd7bf407355d001abf4434 | Education | Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute... | Who should earn money in the long term instead of short term? | Who should earn money in the long term instead of short term? | [
"Who should earn money in the long term instead of short term?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97660 | 56d39cea59d6e41400146812 | Frédéric_Chopin | The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale... | What inspired Chopin for his preludes? | What inspired Chopin for his preludes? | [
"What inspired Chopin for his preludes?"
] | {
"text": [
"J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42644 | 57101794b654c5140001f7cc | Sexual_orientation | The Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more accurate description of sexu... | In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings? | In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings? | [
"In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings?"
] | {
"text": [
"to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93676 | 5728c01f4b864d1900164d52 | Estonia | In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ... | What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992? | What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992? | [
"What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992?"
] | {
"text": [
"92%"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19635 | 56dc7d3514d3a41400c26905 | Comprehensive_school | By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to a... | By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use? | By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use? | [
"By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?"
] | {
"text": [
"1975"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7896 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860dd | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage ... | Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | [
"Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-880 | 56df827c56340a1900b29c9c | Plymouth | Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Frank Bickerton both lived in the city. Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth and Robert Lenkiewicz, whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide, lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002. Il... | Where do the family of Michael Foot live? | Where do the family of Michael Foot live? | [
"Where do the family of Michael Foot live?"
] | {
"text": [
"Trematon Castle"
],
"answer_start": [
1110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112490 | 5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3cc | United_States_Army | The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to fo... | What set the stage for the North-South confrontation? | What set the stage for the North-South confrontation? | [
"What set the stage for the North-South confrontation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6501 | 572821842ca10214002d9e99 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStat... | PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video? | PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video? | [
"PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?"
] | {
"text": [
"copy protected"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99743 | 56fb81078ddada1400cd64a8 | Middle_Ages | Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek int... | What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author? | What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author? | [
"What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?"
] | {
"text": [
"Almagest"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115752 | 5727de8e3acd2414000dee8d | Galicia_(Spain) | In comparison to the other regions of Spain, the major economic benefit of Galicia is its fishing Industry. Galicia is a land of economic contrast. While the western coast, with its major population centers and its fishing and manufacturing industries, is prosperous and increasing in population, the rural hinterland — ... | Which industry is Galicia's main money maker? | Which industry is Galicia's main money maker? | [
"Which industry is Galicia's main money maker?"
] | {
"text": [
"fishing"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96694 | 5a8c9c14fd22b3001a8d8bcf | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Some Christian writers considered the possibility that pagan commentators may have mentioned this event, mistaking it for a solar eclipse - although this would have been impossible during the Passover, which takes place at the full moon. Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian... | What did Origen believe he witnessed when he wrote about it in the 2nd century AD? | What did Origen believe he witnessed when he wrote about it in the 2nd century AD? | [
"What did Origen believe he witnessed when he wrote about it in the 2nd century AD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107225 | 5735106dacc1501500bac3f0 | Hunting | In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for ... | What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? | What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? | [
"What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? "
] | {
"text": [
"food supplies"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63347 | 5a7a114017ab25001a8a02bc | Buckingham_Palace | Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the s... | Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 19th century? | Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 19th century? | [
"Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19923 | 5731a9d8e99e3014001e61b7 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | In recent years, there has been a rise of indigenous movements in the Americas (mainly South America). These are rights-driven groups that organize themselves in order to achieve some sort of self-determination and the preservation of their culture for their peoples. Organizations like the Coordinator of Indigenous Org... | What do the organizing groups hope to obtain for themselves? | What do the organizing groups hope to obtain for themselves? | [
"What do the organizing groups hope to obtain for themselves?"
] | {
"text": [
"preservation of their culture"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16310 | 57317925497a881900248f4b | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I... | During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides? | During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides? | [
"During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eritrean War of Independence"
],
"answer_start": [
689
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104212 | 5728a4054b864d1900164b2a | Mandolin | The second decline was not as complete as the first. Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument. Even as the second wave of mandolin popularity declined in the early 20th century, new versions of the mandolin began to be used in new forms of music. Luthiers created the resonator mandolin, the flatback mando... | Who created the rasonator mandolin? | Who created the rasonator mandolin? | [
"Who created the rasonator mandolin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luthiers"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76008 | 56e0cc407aa994140058e711 | Web_browser | Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market. | When was the first beta release for Safari? | When was the first beta release for Safari? | [
"When was the first beta release for Safari?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21856 | 5acd75aa07355d001abf434c | Aircraft_carrier | The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a... | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational? | When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational? | [
"When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73201 | 56db09ace7c41114004b4cab | American_Idol | Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive ... | Who did Nigel Lythgoe say was a fan favorite for the majority of the season? | Who did Nigel Lythgoe say was a fan favorite for the majority of the season? | [
"Who did Nigel Lythgoe say was a fan favorite for the majority of the season?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clay Aiken"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110133 | 571023c2a58dae1900cd6904 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws hav... | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States? | Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States? | [
"Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"18"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113836 | 5a56cdf36349e2001acdcf60 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Dannatt criticised a remnant "Cold War mentality", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the "land environment"—at a time when Britain was e... | What was 10% of Iraq's military budget to be invested in? | What was 10% of Iraq's military budget to be invested in? | [
"What was 10% of Iraq's military budget to be invested in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88222 | 5a3ca628cc5d22001a521e46 | God | Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agen... | What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined? | What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined? | [
"What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92258 | 5a501ab599b975001ade80cb | Asthma | Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma. It occurs in most people with asthma and up to 20% of people without asthma. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes. The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), swimmers, and cross-country skiers. Whil... | What profession is asthma most common in? | What profession is asthma most common in? | [
"What profession is asthma most common in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1515 | 573169afa5e9cc1400cdbf33 | Mosaic | The heyday of mosaic making in Sicily was the age of the independent Norman kingdom in the 12th century. The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule. Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of We... | Why did the Normans adopt a Byzantine art style? | Why did the Normans adopt a Byzantine art style? | [
"Why did the Normans adopt a Byzantine art style?"
] | {
"text": [
"enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100109 | 5ace5eae32bba1001ae4a440 | Guam | The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give cit... | From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population? | From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population? | [
"From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47852 | 5726a5335951b619008f78d6 | Napoleon | After four years on the sidelines, Austria sought another war with France to avenge its recent defeats. Austria could not count on Russian support because the latter was at war with Britain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire in 1809. Frederick William of Prussia initially promised to help the Austrians, but reneged before... | The finance minister of Austria predicted that if the country kept its large army mobilized, the national treasury would be bankrupt by the middle of what year? | The finance minister of Austria predicted that if the country kept its large army mobilized, the national treasury would be bankrupt by the middle of what year? | [
"The finance minister of Austria predicted that if the country kept its large army mobilized, the national treasury would be bankrupt by the middle of what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1809"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93429 | 5ad195f0645df0001a2d208e | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | Which government advocated the suppoert of Class 2 LEDs? | Which government advocated the suppoert of Class 2 LEDs? | [
" Which government advocated the suppoert of Class 2 LEDs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75752 | 5705e06c52bb891400689646 | The_Times | The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broa... | In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size? | In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size? | [
"In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72597 | 570fc88e80d9841400ab367e | Dell | Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. The company's approach ... | Where did Dell configure their notebooks? | Where did Dell configure their notebooks? | [
"Where did Dell configure their notebooks?"
] | {
"text": [
"in-house"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30775 | 57267bf95951b619008f744b | Mexico_City | Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico C... | What state does Mexico City belong to? | What state does Mexico City belong to? | [
"What state does Mexico City belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"all"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92756 | 5727a5fe4b864d1900163965 | Alsace | From the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never really managed... | With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace? | With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace? | [
"With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace?"
] | {
"text": [
"middle classes began to speak and write French"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68270 | 573053c88ab72b1400f9c466 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harb... | After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor? | After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor? | [
"After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"five United States Coast Guard cutters"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40855 | 5726d1e1dd62a815002e914a | Predation | Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike p... | What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host? | What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host? | [
"What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parasitoids"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69529 | 5ad41ed9604f3c001a40066b | Houston | Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompass... | What highway circles the outer areas of Texas? | What highway circles the outer areas of Texas? | [
" What highway circles the outer areas of Texas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112564 | 5aceda0232bba1001ae4b763 | United_States_Army | The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the rem... | What type of tank will the the Army have 301 of? | What type of tank will the the Army have 301 of? | [
"What type of tank will the the Army have 301 of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55840 | 5a0cfb0ff5590b0018dab6dc | Clothing | Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt... | What are the disadvantage of making clothes from a single rectangular cloth? | What are the disadvantage of making clothes from a single rectangular cloth? | [
"What are the disadvantage of making clothes from a single rectangular cloth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71466 | 5727e0cc2ca10214002d9898 | Oklahoma | In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This mean... | How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007? | How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007? | [
"How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"181,973"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49996 | 56fc2f352603e71400409ff5 | Phonology | Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive... | Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline? | Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline? | [
"Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?"
] | {
"text": [
"linguistics"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108904 | 5a7d14de70df9f001a874f73 | Literature | In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authore... | What two epics did Homer write in ancient Rome? | What two epics did Homer write in ancient Rome? | [
"What two epics did Homer write in ancient Rome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30546 | 5729a33c6aef051400155062 | Appalachian_Mountains | Dryer and rockier uplands and ridges are occupied by oak-chestnut type forests dominated by a variety of oaks (Quercus spp.), hickories (Carya spp.) and, in the past, by the American chestnut (Castanea dentata). The American chestnut was virtually eliminated as a canopy species by the introduced fungal chestnut blight ... | What trees are typically found in the dryer portions? | What trees are typically found in the dryer portions? | [
"What trees are typically found in the dryer portions?"
] | {
"text": [
"oak"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5333 | 5a10fb8c06e79900185c34a9 | Digimon | The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show. Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data... | What did the first Digimon game introduce? | What did the first Digimon game introduce? | [
"What did the first Digimon game introduce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110891 | 5728062d3acd2414000df282 | Group_(mathematics) | In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar exampl... | What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility? | What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility? | [
"What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility?"
] | {
"text": [
"group axioms"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23642 | 5728292e2ca10214002d9f93 | Federalism | In the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while "Anti-Federalists" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the modern usage of "feder... | On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? | On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? | [
"On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? "
] | {
"text": [
"federalism\" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109057 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bc1 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What might the author do to bore the reader? | What might the author do to bore the reader? | [
"What might the author do to bore the reader?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.