gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-102051 | 5729240c1d046914007790ba | States_of_Germany | In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for)... | In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland? | In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland? | [
"In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?"
] | {
"text": [
"67.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4555 | 5a610105e9e1cc001a33ce28 | Pope_John_XXIII | Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile... | How many ballots did Pope Pius XII have when he was elected as Pope? | How many ballots did Pope Pius XII have when he was elected as Pope? | [
"How many ballots did Pope Pius XII have when he was elected as Pope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16102 | 572eb943c246551400ce4578 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing u... | How did Gaddafi die? | How did Gaddafi die? | [
"How did Gaddafi die?"
] | {
"text": [
"Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants."
],
"answer_start": [
1154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82151 | 572684165951b619008f7530 | Pesticide | Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Bi... | Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides. | Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides. | [
"Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides."
] | {
"text": [
"herbicides, insecticides, fungicides"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68617 | 570adf774103511400d59ab9 | Mesozoic | The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep... | From what had the ecosystem had to recover? | From what had the ecosystem had to recover? | [
"From what had the ecosystem had to recover?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Dying"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21198 | 5a7744042d6d7f001a4a9f8c | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's pa... | What is government business often conducted in in Spain? | What is government business often conducted in in Spain? | [
"What is government business often conducted in in Spain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110844 | 573033c3a23a5019007fcf75 | Iran | Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart... | In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award? | In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award? | [
"In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award? "
] | {
"text": [
"the Fields Medal"
],
"answer_start": [
721
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34417 | 56f88e4baef237190062618b | Southampton | Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging pro... | In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created? | In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created? | [
"In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1830s"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24192 | 57294dda1d0469140077926b | Bermuda | Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). D... | The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom? | The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom? | [
"The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"the monarch"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108093 | 56e429db8c00841900fbaf13 | Estonian_language | The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their cu... | Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered? | Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered? | [
"Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?"
] | {
"text": [
"separate languages altogether"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115033 | 5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec6 | Wayback_Machine | Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought. | Which party won its argument regarding California's robots.txt file? | Which party won its argument regarding California's robots.txt file? | [
"Which party won its argument regarding California's robots.txt file?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44308 | 5a2efeb5a83784001a7d2627 | Bras%C3%ADlia | In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking sp... | What company runs the VIP room? | What company runs the VIP room? | [
"What company runs the VIP room?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81714 | 5706845d52bb891400689a29 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was... | What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals? | What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals? | [
"What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals?"
] | {
"text": [
"37.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93214 | 5ad19089645df0001a2d1f91 | Light-emitting_diode | In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by Cree that consumes 24 mW at 20 milliamperes (mA). This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents.... | What is the typical operating current for low-power LEDs? | What is the typical operating current for low-power LEDs? | [
" What is the typical operating current for low-power LEDs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13691 | 572702ec708984140094d872 | Glacier | Mean speeds vary greatly, but is typically around 1 m (3 ft) per day. There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits. In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ ... | Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what? | Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what? | [
"Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Velocity"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74881 | 570e82630b85d914000d7f6a | Melbourne | The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as ... | Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city? | Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city? | [
"Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Geelong"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107963 | 56e3b0128c00841900fbaed6 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive a... | What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? | What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? | [
"What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? "
] | {
"text": [
"agglutinative"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5988 | 5ad01fbd77cf76001a686ad4 | Late_Middle_Ages | The Bulgarian Empire was in decline by the 14th century, and the ascendancy of Serbia was marked by the Serbian victory over the Bulgarians in the Battle of Velbazhd in 1330. By 1346, the Serbian king Stefan Dušan had been proclaimed emperor. Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hreb... | In what year wasn't the Battle of Kosovo? | In what year wasn't the Battle of Kosovo? | [
"In what year wasn't the Battle of Kosovo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41996 | 5730b0ef396df919000962a9 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese an... | What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons? | What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons? | [
"What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons?"
] | {
"text": [
"lavender"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103804 | 573409bed058e614000b6839 | Montana | The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins i... | Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak? | Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak? | [
"Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak?"
] | {
"text": [
"north"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83753 | 57266b61dd62a815002e844e | Florida | As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population. Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% German (2,212,391), 10.7% Irish (1,979,058), 8.8% English (1,629,832), 6.6% Italian (1,215,242), 2.8% Polish (511,229), and 2.7% French (504,641). White Americans of a... | As of 2010 what percentage of Florida was white / non Hispanic | As of 2010 what percentage of Florida was white / non Hispanic | [
"As of 2010 what percentage of Florida was white / non Hispanic "
] | {
"text": [
"those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33054 | 5ad18cbd645df0001a2d1ef7 | Incandescent_light_bulb | On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often c... | Who was granted patent No. 34540? | Who was granted patent No. 34540? | [
"Who was granted patent No. 34540?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80819 | 5ad17b65645df0001a2d1df1 | Queen_Victoria | On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged wh... | Which college were to two girls attending? | Which college were to two girls attending? | [
"Which college were to two girls attending?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3047 | 57304141b2c2fd1400568b06 | British_Isles | The United Kingdom and Ireland have separate media, although British television, newspapers and magazines are widely available in Ireland, giving people in Ireland a high level of familiarity with cultural matters in the United Kingdom. Irish newspapers are also available in the UK, and Irish state and private televisi... | Who can receive the Costa Book Award? | Who can receive the Costa Book Award? | [
"Who can receive the Costa Book Award?"
] | {
"text": [
"authors resident in the UK or Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
793
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48834 | 571a8a964faf5e1900b8aa4a | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | His biography of Anthony the Great entitled Life of Antony(Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία Πατρὸς Ἀντωνίου, Vita Antonii) became his most widely-read work. Translated into several languages, it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity. Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and h... | About whom did he write his most widely-read work? | About whom did he write his most widely-read work? | [
"About whom did he write his most widely-read work?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anthony the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63962 | 572825ad4b864d190016459c | Annelid | Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare – mostly jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted. Although some late Ediacaran fossils may represent annelids, the oldest known fossil that is identified with confidence comes from about 518 million years ago in the early Cambrian period. F... | How old is the earliest annelid fossil? | How old is the earliest annelid fossil? | [
"How old is the earliest annelid fossil?"
] | {
"text": [
"518 million years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88797 | 5a222914819328001af38a14 | Circadian_rhythm | Plant circadian rhythms tell the plant what season it is and when to flower for the best chance of attracting pollinators. Behaviors showing rhythms include leaf movement, growth, germination, stomatal/gas exchange, enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity, and fragrance emission, among others. Circadian rhythms occur ... | What are constant but not self sustaining? | What are constant but not self sustaining? | [
"What are constant but not self sustaining?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74459 | 571b44c232177014007ea05d | Asphalt | Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "coal tar", which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road ... | What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar? | What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar? | [
"What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural gas"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59549 | 5ad165ad645df0001a2d19a0 | Electric_motor | Currents induced into this winding provide the rotor magnetic field. The shape of the rotor bars determines the speed-torque characteristics. At low speeds, the current induced in the squirrel cage is nearly at line frequency and tends to be in the outer parts of the rotor cage. As the motor accelerates, the slip frequ... | What doesn't determine the properties of speed and torque? | What doesn't determine the properties of speed and torque? | [
"What doesn't determine the properties of speed and torque?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74873 | 570e808e0b85d914000d7f62 | Melbourne | At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canber... | Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901? | Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901? | [
"Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Exhibition Building"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39247 | 57320f0be17f3d1400422645 | Protestantism | Quakers, or Friends, are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers. Many Friends view themselves as members of a Christian denomination. They include those with evangelical, holin... | What is another informal name for Quaker? | What is another informal name for Quaker? | [
"What is another informal name for Quaker?"
] | {
"text": [
"Friends"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12336 | 573299421d5d2e14009ff863 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | [
"Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48108 | 56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef9 | Wood | A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly... | In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around? | In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around? | [
"In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?"
] | {
"text": [
"longitudinally"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3892 | 56bfab98a10cfb1400551220 | Beyoncé | In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her bl... | Why was the broadcast the most-watched in history? | Why was the broadcast the most-watched in history? | [
"Why was the broadcast the most-watched in history?"
] | {
"text": [
"Her appearance"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9590 | 5725cbb3ec44d21400f3d5b5 | Montevideo | The Towers Square, is an area of remarkable aesthetic design, intended to be a platform for the development of business activities, art exhibitions, dance and music performances and social place. This square connects the different buildings and towers which comprise the WTC Complex and it is the main access to the comp... | What was intended to be a platform for the development of business activities? | What was intended to be a platform for the development of business activities? | [
"What was intended to be a platform for the development of business activities?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Towers Square"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9808 | 5727f4172ca10214002d9a23 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot... | What group did Nasser try to allign himself with? | What group did Nasser try to allign himself with? | [
"What group did Nasser try to allign himself with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim Brotherhood"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100315 | 5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a8 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004,... | By April of 2006, how many cooperation projects between Japan and EU had been signed? | By April of 2006, how many cooperation projects between Japan and EU had been signed? | [
"By April of 2006, how many cooperation projects between Japan and EU had been signed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84824 | 5ad4d9bb5b96ef001a10a3a9 | San_Diego | The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster, Clear Channel Communications; CBS Radio, Midwest Television, Lincoln Financial Media, Finest City Broadcasting, and many other smaller stations and networks. Stations include: KOGO AM 600, KFMB AM 760, KCEO AM 1000, KCBQ AM 1170, K-Praise, KLSD AM 1360 Air... | What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Francisco? | What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Francisco? | [
"What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Francisco?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39976 | 572a369c3f37b319004787c0 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | However, an analysis by the Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc., has shown that due to issues of comparative denominators and other factors, such municipality-based rankings can be considered inaccurate. For example, two cities of identical population can cover widely differing land areas, making such... | The organization stated that analysis should be based on comparison of neighborhoods within the city and not what? | The organization stated that analysis should be based on comparison of neighborhoods within the city and not what? | [
"The organization stated that analysis should be based on comparison of neighborhoods within the city and not what?"
] | {
"text": [
"based on municipalities"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71681 | 56f8f4539e9bad19000a0776 | Near_East | From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other change... | Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey? | Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey? | [
"Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mustafa Kemal"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100988 | 5a5e529b5bc9f4001a75aef3 | Hindu_philosophy | The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dha... | What type of doctrine does Mimamsa not have? | What type of doctrine does Mimamsa not have? | [
"What type of doctrine does Mimamsa not have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33880 | 572860b02ca10214002da2c0 | Alaska | According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 8... | What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government? | What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government? | [
"What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government?"
] | {
"text": [
"65%"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94864 | 571091d6a58dae1900cd6a4e | Age_of_Enlightenment | More importantly, the contests were open to all, and the enforced anonymity of each submission guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging. Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary, and t... | What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries? | What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries? | [
"What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries?"
] | {
"text": [
"poetry"
],
"answer_start": [
767
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74555 | 571b61ff9499d21900609c77 | Asphalt | In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalt... | Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful? | Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful? | [
"Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clarmac"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31682 | 570d7708b3d812140066d9b2 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Smaller boats and ships typically have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can often be deadly to low-flying aircraft if linked to a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence. Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system. In ge... | Carrier battle groups can launch what to intercept incoming threats? | Carrier battle groups can launch what to intercept incoming threats? | [
"Carrier battle groups can launch what to intercept incoming threats?"
] | {
"text": [
"fighter jets"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94939 | 5710a1c4b654c5140001f9ec | Age_of_Enlightenment | The word "public" implies the highest level of inclusivity – the public sphere by definition should be open to all. However, this sphere was only public to relative degrees. Enlightenment thinkers frequently contrasted their conception of the "public" with that of the people: Condorcet contrasted "opinion" with populac... | d'Alembert contrasted the "truly enlightened public" with whom? | d'Alembert contrasted the "truly enlightened public" with whom? | [
"d'Alembert contrasted the \"truly enlightened public\" with whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"the blind and noisy multitude\""
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81528 | 57240d2b0ba9f01400d97b57 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was... | Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who? | Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who? | [
"Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Gordon at Khartoum."
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77404 | 573237dcb9d445190005e8e6 | Armenians | The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilic... | What are Hamshenis? | What are Hamshenis? | [
"What are Hamshenis?"
] | {
"text": [
"ethnic Armenian Muslims"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28586 | 572e82e403f98919007566f0 | Canadian_football | Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams... | What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams? | What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams? | [
"What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?"
] | {
"text": [
"Canadian Bowl"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3301 | 570806c390286e26004fc97d | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to ... | How many great prophets has Allah sent? | How many great prophets has Allah sent? | [
"How many great prophets has Allah sent?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20448 | 572982021d046914007794ef | Glass | In physics, the standard definition of a glass (or vitreous solid) is a solid formed by rapid melt quenching. The term glass is often used to describe any amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition temperature Tg. If the cooling is sufficiently rapid (relative to the characteristic crystallization time) then crys... | How is "glass" defined in physics? | How is "glass" defined in physics? | [
"How is \"glass\" defined in physics?"
] | {
"text": [
"a solid formed by rapid melt quenching"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109269 | 572798f0dd62a815002ea195 | Carnival | Carnival celebrations, usually referred to as Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday in French), were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area, but now occur in many states. Customs originated in the onetime French colonial capitals of Mobile (now in Alabama), New Orleans (Louisiana) and Biloxi (Mississippi), all of which have celebra... | What has been part of the celebrations for many years? | What has been part of the celebrations for many years? | [
"What has been part of the celebrations for many years?"
] | {
"text": [
"street parades and masked balls"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42728 | 57103240a58dae1900cd695d | Sexual_orientation | Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little coherent relationship b... | What do individuals typically experience? | What do individuals typically experience? | [
"What do individuals typically experience?"
] | {
"text": [
"diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66659 | 5728ae4d4b864d1900164c15 | Brigham_Young_University | A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion D... | Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU? | Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU? | [
"Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mike Weir"
],
"answer_start": [
993
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85741 | 5711205bb654c5140001fb8a | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements. The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation whi... | Why was Nintendo accused of antitrust behavior? | Why was Nintendo accused of antitrust behavior? | [
"Why was Nintendo accused of antitrust behavior?"
] | {
"text": [
"strict licensing requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79278 | 572774bf708984140094de11 | Heian_period | As culture flourished, so did decentralization. Whereas the first phase of shōen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan ... | What became the aristocracy's primary occupation? | What became the aristocracy's primary occupation? | [
"What became the aristocracy's primary occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Land management"
],
"answer_start": [
936
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94431 | 5727ec402ca10214002d99c0 | Cork_(city) | The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874. Although located within the Munster jurisdiction, the club plays in the Leinster Senior League. The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973. All three involved Irela... | What's the most famous cricket club in Cork? | What's the most famous cricket club in Cork? | [
"What's the most famous cricket club in Cork?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cork County Cricket Club"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22975 | 5735c50be853931400426b6f | Kathmandu | Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in... | How is the egg in American chop suey prepared? | How is the egg in American chop suey prepared? | [
"How is the egg in American chop suey prepared?"
] | {
"text": [
"fried"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106384 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d796 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | When was the Battle of Cannae? | When was the Battle of Cannae? | [
"When was the Battle of Cannae?"
] | {
"text": [
"216 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90108 | 5726b2165951b619008f7ad8 | Somerset | Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings, 523 scheduled monuments, 192 conservation areas, 41 parks and gardens including those at Barrington Court, Holnicote Estate, Prior Park Landscape Garden and Tintinhull Garden, 36 English Heritage sites and 19 National Trust sites, including Clevedon Court, Fyne Court, Montacute Hou... | Name some historic private houses in the county | Name some historic private houses in the county | [
"Name some historic private houses in the county "
] | {
"text": [
"Halswell House and Marston Bigot."
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110063 | 571019eab654c5140001f7f5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions? | In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions? | [
"In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113029 | 570d9a1c16d0071400510bcd | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function? | Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function? | [
"Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function?"
] | {
"text": [
"primary"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10539 | 5acf86e977cf76001a6850ee | Comics | Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'Écho des savanes in 1972. Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant, even mainstream publishers t... | Pilote cartoonists were happy with censorship and what? | Pilote cartoonists were happy with censorship and what? | [
"Pilote cartoonists were happy with censorship and what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27461 | 5a7b8af721c2de001afea12d | Transistor | Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently o... | What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have? | What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have? | [
"What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96725 | 5a8ca27cfd22b3001a8d8c66 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkn... | What group of readers would have read works by Geza Vermes? | What group of readers would have read works by Geza Vermes? | [
"What group of readers would have read works by Geza Vermes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111862 | 5727790a708984140094de95 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and n... | Where was the first stop of the Beagle Expedition? | Where was the first stop of the Beagle Expedition? | [
"Where was the first stop of the Beagle Expedition?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. Jago"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113044 | 570d9f0316d0071400510bfe | Adolescence | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts? | Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts? | [
"Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adolescents"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83459 | 5ad25df6d7d075001a428f0a | Dominican_Order | As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man ... | Who do Christians not consider to the "One"? | Who do Christians not consider to the "One"? | [
"Who do Christians not consider to the \"One\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90930 | 572aa47534ae481900deabf1 | John_Kerry | During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a gr... | Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968? | Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968? | [
"Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115053 | 56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf8 | Wayback_Machine | There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports,... | The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence? | The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence? | [
"The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence?"
] | {
"text": [
"underlying links"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11194 | 5ad2f5f2604f3c001a3fda5e | Anthropology | Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the ... | Who was often quated in the 1960's? | Who was often quated in the 1960's? | [
"Who was often quated in the 1960's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54819 | 570d260cfed7b91900d45c5d | Macintosh | Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, w... | How many users were affected by the increase in malware? | How many users were affected by the increase in malware? | [
"How many users were affected by the increase in malware?"
] | {
"text": [
"100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95725 | 5726e978dd62a815002e94d2 | Yale_University | Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average need-based aid grant for the Class of 2017 was $46,395. 15% of Ya... | What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017? | What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017? | [
"What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017?"
] | {
"text": [
"$46,395"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24019 | 5726c6f1dd62a815002e8ff9 | Bermuda | Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can exp... | What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches? | What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches? | [
"What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?"
] | {
"text": [
"pink"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92248 | 5a4ffdd199b975001ade80c0 | Asthma | Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma... | What happenes if chronic bronchitis is untreated? | What happenes if chronic bronchitis is untreated? | [
"What happenes if chronic bronchitis is untreated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45859 | 5731b403e99e3014001e61de | YouTube | In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program, a system based on AdSense which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site. YouTube typically takes 45 percent of the advertising revenue from videos in the Partner Program, with 55 percent going to the uploader. There are... | How many people are employed by the partner program? | How many people are employed by the partner program? | [
"How many people are employed by the partner program?"
] | {
"text": [
"over a million"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54519 | 5ad50c675b96ef001a10aad8 | Macintosh | Apple released the Macintosh Plus on January 10, 1986, for a price of US$2,600. It offered one megabyte of RAM, easily expandable to four megabytes by the use of socketed RAM boards. It also featured a SCSI parallel interface, allowing up to seven peripherals—such as hard drives and scanners—to be attached to the machi... | In 1984, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh? | In 1984, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh? | [
"In 1984, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36284 | 5ace83bd32bba1001ae4a915 | Printed_circuit_board | PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilu... | PABs are intended for what type of environment? | PABs are intended for what type of environment? | [
"PABs are intended for what type of environment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45319 | 5728c5644b864d1900164dc1 | Sahara | The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary grea... | How much land does the ecoregion cover? | How much land does the ecoregion cover? | [
"How much land does the ecoregion cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2)"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23407 | 5ad14541645df0001a2d14aa | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Const... | What did Justice Jackson agree there were no grounds upon which to support what? | What did Justice Jackson agree there were no grounds upon which to support what? | [
" What did Justice Jackson agree there were no grounds upon which to support what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27001 | 5709ef704103511400d594aa | United_States_dollar | The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to price inflation, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. A consumer price index (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The United ... | What does the CPI estimate? | What does the CPI estimate? | [
"What does the CPI estimate?"
] | {
"text": [
"average price of consumer goods and services in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19333 | 5727c3d12ca10214002d95c3 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law? | According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law? | [
"According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law?"
] | {
"text": [
"content"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13924 | 5a834fb0e60761001a2eb55f | BBC_Television | In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000. | What cartoons first aired in 1976? | What cartoons first aired in 1976? | [
"What cartoons first aired in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52125 | 572a76c2fed8de19000d5c3d | Miami | The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in... | Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? | Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? | [
"Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Broward"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102416 | 56fa9afa8f12f31900630189 | High-definition_television | There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly t... | Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what? | Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what? | [
"Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a RGB color space"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36975 | 5725c2d6ec44d21400f3d4fe | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanit... | What models have been delivered | What models have been delivered | [
"What models have been delivered"
] | {
"text": [
"delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112415 | 570d2929b3d812140066d4ad | United_States_Army | The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959,... | What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam? | What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam? | [
"What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?"
] | {
"text": [
"1959"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53571 | 5ad26120d7d075001a428ffe | Dialect | The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different language... | What occurs when dialect A B and C are all mutual intelligible with another? | What occurs when dialect A B and C are all mutual intelligible with another? | [
"What occurs when dialect A B and C are all mutual intelligible with another?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76295 | 5a580b8a770dc0001aeeff8b | Utrecht | Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Du... | What limits the amount of traffic in the city? | What limits the amount of traffic in the city? | [
"What limits the amount of traffic in the city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19090 | 5ad0e051645df0001a2d0773 | Premier_League | The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016. Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion. On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final dea... | Which package on Saturday and Sunday nights will run through 2009? | Which package on Saturday and Sunday nights will run through 2009? | [
"Which package on Saturday and Sunday nights will run through 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66789 | 5727e4a64b864d1900163f71 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | Who was questioned on live TV? | Who was questioned on live TV? | [
"Who was questioned on live TV?"
] | {
"text": [
"Communist leadership"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89152 | 56dfb76d231d4119001abce0 | Hunter-gatherer | Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c... | Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions? | Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions? | [
"Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"in uncontacted peoples"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74293 | 571b074c9499d21900609be4 | Asphalt | In Alberta, five bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil and a variety of other products: The Suncor Energy upgrader near Fort McMurray, Alberta produces synthetic crude oil plus diesel fuel; the Syncrude Canada, Canadian Natural Resources, and Nexen upgraders near Fort McMurray produce synthetic crude oil; and t... | Where is a sixth upgrader being built in Alberta? | Where is a sixth upgrader being built in Alberta? | [
"Where is a sixth upgrader being built in Alberta?"
] | {
"text": [
"Redwater, Alberta"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59917 | 5acfbddd77cf76001a685be4 | Zhejiang | Valleys and plains are found along the coastline and rivers. The north of the province lies just south of the Yangtze Delta, and consists of plains around the cities of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou, where the Grand Canal of China enters from the northern border to end at Hangzhou. Another relatively flat area is found... | What is a minor river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River? | What is a minor river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River? | [
"What is a minor river of the province in addition to the Qiangtang River?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84113 | 57307b852461fd1900a9ce4f | Translation | Throughout the 18th century, the watchword of translators was ease of reading. Whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted. They cheerfully assumed that their own style of expression was the best, and that texts should be made to conform to it in translation. For scholarship ... | What was the guiding ideal of translators throughout the 18th century? | What was the guiding ideal of translators throughout the 18th century? | [
"What was the guiding ideal of translators throughout the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"ease of reading"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10834 | 56fdf63d19033b140034ce0f | Computer | Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known... | Loops are defined as what? | Loops are defined as what? | [
"Loops are defined as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"instructions that are repeated by the computer)"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103962 | 5a07ec283fc8740018207062 | Infrared | Infrared vibrational spectroscopy (see also near-infrared spectroscopy) is a technique that can be used to identify molecules by analysis of their constituent bonds. Each chemical bond in a molecule vibrates at a frequency characteristic of that bond. A group of atoms in a molecule (e.g., CH2) may have multiple modes o... | What are multiple modes of oscillation in a spectrum caused by? | What are multiple modes of oscillation in a spectrum caused by? | [
"What are multiple modes of oscillation in a spectrum caused by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75008 | 572ebc76cb0c0d14000f14e7 | Elevator | However, performance enhancements cannot be generalized as the benefits and limitations of the system are dependent on many factors. One problem is that the system is subject to gaming. Sometimes, one person enters the destination for a large group of people going to the same floor. The dispatching algorithm is usually... | What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination? | What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination? | [
"What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination?"
] | {
"text": [
"The dispatching algorithm"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36164 | 5ace65c132bba1001ae4a593 | Printed_circuit_board | Subtractive methods remove copper from an entirely copper-coated board to leave only the desired copper pattern. In additive methods the pattern is electroplated onto a bare substrate using a complex process. The advantage of the additive method is that less material is needed and less waste is produced. In the full ad... | The exposed areas are sensitized using plutonium in what process? | The exposed areas are sensitized using plutonium in what process? | [
"The exposed areas are sensitized using plutonium in what process?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82694 | 56e03502231d4119001abfc2 | Saint_Helena | Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the ... | What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771? | What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771? | [
"What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?"
] | {
"text": [
"HMS Endeavour"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
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