gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-50637 | 56e874d50b45c0140094ccaf | Bern | The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of propor... | Who holds the legislative power? | Who holds the legislative power? | [
"Who holds the legislative power?"
] | {
"text": [
"The City Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10646 | 5acf933f77cf76001a6852f6 | Comics | Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to ... | When a comic panel has events that are at the same time the panel is considered to be what? | When a comic panel has events that are at the same time the panel is considered to be what? | [
"When a comic panel has events that are at the same time the panel is considered to be what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15843 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb2a3 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death? | What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death? | [
"What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67128 | 572702dddd62a815002e979a | Nutrition | Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other... | How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil? | How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil? | [
"How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil?"
] | {
"text": [
"through their roots"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70899 | 57321029e99e3014001e64bc | Bird | The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have exte... | When does parental care end in megapodes? | When does parental care end in megapodes? | [
"When does parental care end in megapodes?"
] | {
"text": [
"at hatching"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88426 | 56db2495e7c41114004b4e08 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags sca... | How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt? | How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt? | [
"How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100907 | 57278a2af1498d1400e8fb54 | Hindu_philosophy | Samkhya school espouses dualism between consciousness and matter. It regards the universe as consisting of two realities; Puruṣa (consciousness) and prakriti (matter). Jiva (a living being) is that state in which puruṣa is bonded to prakriti in some form. This fusion, state the Samkhya scholars, led to the emergence of... | What does the joining of Purusa and Prakriti produce? | What does the joining of Purusa and Prakriti produce? | [
"What does the joining of Purusa and Prakriti produce?"
] | {
"text": [
"buddhi"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88784 | 570f33ad80d9841400ab355e | Circadian_rhythm | The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to a... | What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans? | What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans? | [
"What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans?"
] | {
"text": [
"medical"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61279 | 5a3ac9553ff257001ab84272 | Flowering_plant | The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils s... | What have several groups of Archaefructus been proposed to be? | What have several groups of Archaefructus been proposed to be? | [
"What have several groups of Archaefructus been proposed to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69508 | 5ad424d3604f3c001a4008ce | Houston | The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in Mexico, C... | Which airline never offered international flights from Hobby Airport? | Which airline never offered international flights from Hobby Airport? | [
" Which airline never offered international flights from Hobby Airport?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26160 | 5ad0c966645df0001a2d0351 | Edmund_Burke | In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued tha... | When was the Revolution Society founded? | When was the Revolution Society founded? | [
"When was the Revolution Society founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100502 | 5acd507907355d001abf3cdf | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more sp... | Where were the 2nd and 3rd satellites launched from? | Where were the 2nd and 3rd satellites launched from? | [
"Where were the 2nd and 3rd satellites launched from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29324 | 5a563c056349e2001acdccf6 | Swaziland | Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swazil... | where is agriculture the top employer? | where is agriculture the top employer? | [
"where is agriculture the top employer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55055 | 570a83984103511400d597dd | Everton_F.C. | Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park, which was the site for the new Liverpool F.C. stadium, with the first official match taking place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home unt... | Who was the chairman of the Everton FC in 1892? | Who was the chairman of the Everton FC in 1892? | [
"Who was the chairman of the Everton FC in 1892?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Houlding"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96608 | 572782fadd62a815002e9f42 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why i... | What was one reason Calvary was chosen? | What was one reason Calvary was chosen? | [
"What was one reason Calvary was chosen?"
] | {
"text": [
"a place of public execution"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98263 | 56f89035aef23719006261a9 | Alps | Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and docu... | When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? | When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? | [
"When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? "
] | {
"text": [
"the 18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37130 | 5727746d708984140094de07 | Switzerland | By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg. Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With the extinction of its male line in 1263 t... | In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise? | In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise? | [
"In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Swiss plateau"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36514 | 5a272fdbc93d92001a40040a | Immaculate_Conception | By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it directly from the East or too... | What group in the West was the conception of St. Anne associated with | What group in the West was the conception of St. Anne associated with | [
"What group in the West was the conception of St. Anne associated with"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77894 | 5727dd9c4b864d1900163ecf | Strasbourg | This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Ed... | Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University? | Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University? | [
"Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University?"
] | {
"text": [
"Goethe and Herder"
],
"answer_start": [
894
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44277 | 5a2ef9ffa83784001a7d2608 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil. The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958. One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake P... | What is the name of one of the first Olympic-sized swimming pools built in the capital city? | What is the name of one of the first Olympic-sized swimming pools built in the capital city? | [
"What is the name of one of the first Olympic-sized swimming pools built in the capital city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26108 | 5726a714dd62a815002e8c13 | Edmund_Burke | The Paymaster General Act 1782 ended the post as a lucrative sinecure. Previously, Paymasters had been able to draw on money from HM Treasury at their discretion. Now they were required to put the money they had requested to withdraw from the Treasury into the Bank of England, from where it was to be withdrawn for spec... | After 1782, where would money from Paymasters' withdrawal requests go? | After 1782, where would money from Paymasters' withdrawal requests go? | [
"After 1782, where would money from Paymasters' withdrawal requests go?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bank of England"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13410 | 56e7ad0337bdd419002c431a | Nanjing | Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March ... | How many berths does the Port contain? | How many berths does the Port contain? | [
"How many berths does the Port contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"64"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56221 | 5a455bae19a820001a1eda34 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally. A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable... | What are foundations also allowed to be? | What are foundations also allowed to be? | [
"What are foundations also allowed to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77749 | 57268ad3708984140094c97f | British_Empire | Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant th... | When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya? | When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya? | [
"When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya?"
] | {
"text": [
"1965"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71363 | 5727d307ff5b5019007d9623 | Oklahoma | Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is ... | What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for? | What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for? | [
"What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spiro Mounds"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84973 | 5726c9a75951b619008f7e16 | Mali | In January 2012 a Tuareg rebellion began in Northern Mali, led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. In March, military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état, citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the Economic Community of West Afric... | In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali? | In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali? | [
"In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amadou Sanogo"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103267 | 5ad2b36bd7d075001a429f90 | Multiracial_American | Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War, meaning tha... | What people report having elder family members who were open with genealogical information? | What people report having elder family members who were open with genealogical information? | [
"What people report having elder family members who were open with genealogical information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27075 | 5a57ab82770dc0001aeefcc7 | Orthodox_Judaism | Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or... | What is the Arabic word for haircut? | What is the Arabic word for haircut? | [
"What is the Arabic word for haircut?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114896 | 5a7dea8870df9f001a875312 | Matter | There is an entire literature concerning the "structure of matter", ranging from the "electrical structure" in the early 20th century, to the more recent "quark structure of matter", introduced today with the remark: Understanding the quark structure of matter has been one of the most important advances in contemporary... | What theory came after the quark structure of matter? | What theory came after the quark structure of matter? | [
"What theory came after the quark structure of matter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103431 | 571df6a455697319006390d8 | Multiracial_American | Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claime... | Why did Steele say what he did? | Why did Steele say what he did? | [
"Why did Steele say what he did?"
] | {
"text": [
"to be \"provocative\""
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86699 | 56e75e8800c9c71400d77036 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture. | What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership? | What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership? | [
"What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?"
] | {
"text": [
"to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3757 | 56bf9b57a10cfb14005511b1 | Beyoncé | At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. I... | Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards? | Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards? | [
"Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten nominations"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96773 | 5a8cb61ffd22b3001a8d8d90 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches... | According to Rahner how did Jesus submit during his trial? | According to Rahner how did Jesus submit during his trial? | [
"According to Rahner how did Jesus submit during his trial?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93853 | 572e8153c246551400ce426b | Cyprus | As soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, modern Greece's firs... | What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for? | What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for? | [
"What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for?"
] | {
"text": [
"union of Cyprus with Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38815 | 570c943eb3d812140066d233 | FC_Barcelona | In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new presiden... | What group elects the club president? | What group elects the club president? | [
"What group elects the club president?"
] | {
"text": [
"members of Barcelona"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93460 | 5731458d05b4da19006bcf9b | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet? | What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet? | [
"What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet?"
] | {
"text": [
"very high bandwidth"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57387 | 573007b9a23a5019007fcc6b | Muslim_world | Encompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architecture, particularly th... | What is the definition of haram? | What is the definition of haram? | [
"What is the definition of haram?"
] | {
"text": [
"forbidden"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91186 | 5ace988432bba1001ae4abd2 | Avicenna | Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Emp... | What was Avicenna's grandmother's name? | What was Avicenna's grandmother's name? | [
"What was Avicenna's grandmother's name?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12426 | 5733c81c4776f4190066121f | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | [
"What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-768 | 56df712e5ca0a614008f9a53 | Plymouth | Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network. Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line. First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across ... | Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station? | Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station? | [
"Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station?"
] | {
"text": [
"CrossCountry"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84284 | 56de3e40cffd8e1900b4b6dc | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ... | Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree? | Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree? | [
"Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?"
] | {
"text": [
"President"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72521 | 57268b01708984140094c98f | Greece | The Greek national football team, ranking 12th in the world in 2014 (and having reached a high of 8th in the world in 2008 and 2011), were crowned European Champions in Euro 2004 in one of the biggest upsets in the history of the sport and became one of the most successful national teams in European football, being one... | How many national teams have won the UEFA European Championship? | How many national teams have won the UEFA European Championship? | [
"How many national teams have won the UEFA European Championship?"
] | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87920 | 5ad3dbc5604f3c001a3ff3e0 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The Tristan Song Project was a collaboration between St Mary's School and amateur composers in England, led by music teacher Tony Triggs. It began in 2010 and involved St Mary's pupils writing poems and Tony Triggs providing musical settings by himself and his pupils. A desktop publication entitled Rockhopper Penguins ... | Who collaborated with amateur composers to create the St. Mary's School Project? | Who collaborated with amateur composers to create the St. Mary's School Project? | [
"Who collaborated with amateur composers to create the St. Mary's School Project?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79397 | 5a3c0aabcc5d22001a521d65 | Heian_period | The game Total War: Shogun 2 has the Rise of the Samurai expansion pack as downloadable campaign. It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period. The player is able to choose one of the most powerful families of Japan at the time, the Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara;... | Wich part of the game has no multiplayer mode? | Wich part of the game has no multiplayer mode? | [
"Wich part of the game has no multiplayer mode?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57444 | 5ad211f9d7d075001a4282e7 | Quran | Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhamma... | On which date did Muhammad stop receiving the Quran? | On which date did Muhammad stop receiving the Quran? | [
"On which date did Muhammad stop receiving the Quran?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99629 | 56fb7490b28b3419009f1d5e | Middle_Ages | Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the set... | Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries? | Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries? | [
"Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Denmark"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60934 | 57329a31d6dcfa19001e8a15 | Police | Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrate... | Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China? | Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China? | [
"Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China?"
] | {
"text": [
"Korea and Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
796
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69029 | 572f87ec947a6a140053ca2d | Modern_history | The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining wo... | Who undermined The League Of Nations? | Who undermined The League Of Nations? | [
"Who undermined The League Of Nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6734 | 572847804b864d19001648a8 | PlayStation_3 | Despite the initial negative press, several websites have given the system very good reviews mostly regarding its hardware. CNET United Kingdom praised the system saying, "the PS3 is a versatile and impressive piece of home-entertainment equipment that lives up to the hype [...] the PS3 is well worth its hefty price ta... | What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten? | What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten? | [
"What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.8"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63426 | 5725d9feec44d21400f3d6a3 | Buckingham_Palace | Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions. Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. Straus... | The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert? | The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert? | [
"The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert?"
] | {
"text": [
"musical entertainments"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108212 | 56e040b27aa994140058e401 | Aspirated_consonant | To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, th... | With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air? | With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air? | [
"With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?"
] | {
"text": [
"pin"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31500 | 5a63f3017f3c80001a150bb5 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What wars took place in the 1900's? | What wars took place in the 1900's? | [
"What wars took place in the 1900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15701 | 5726e2fcf1498d1400e8eea2 | Chinese_characters | The use of such contractions is as old as Chinese characters themselves, and they have frequently been found in religious or ritual use. In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as 受又(祐) shòu yòu "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters. A dramatic example... | What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use? | What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use? | [
"What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80651 | 57268a7ddd62a815002e88be | Data_compression | The most powerful used method works by comparing each frame in the video with the previous one. If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system simply issues a short command that copies that part of the previous frame, bit-for-bit, into the next one. If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the... | What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression? | What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression? | [
"What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression?"
] | {
"text": [
"longer command"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110938 | 5a81bcfc31013a001a334e1c | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | When did Arthur Cayley publish On the theory of groups? | When did Arthur Cayley publish On the theory of groups? | [
"When did Arthur Cayley publish On the theory of groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13507 | 56e7c15800c9c71400d77587 | Nanjing | Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the natio... | How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China? | How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China? | [
"How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 1700 years"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33610 | 572640b938643c19005ad387 | Film_speed | The system was later extended to cover larger ranges and some of its practical shortcomings were addressed by the Austrian scientist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) and Flemish-born botanist Walter Hecht (de) (1896–1960), (who, in 1919/1920, jointly developed their Eder–Hecht neutral wedge sensitometer measuring emulsion ... | What eliminated comparability? | What eliminated comparability? | [
"What eliminated comparability?"
] | {
"text": [
"modified semi-Scheiner-based systems"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100684 | 572f6195947a6a140053c901 | Post-punk | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | What are some British post-punk bands from Manchester? | What are some British post-punk bands from Manchester? | [
"What are some British post-punk bands from Manchester?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joy Division, The Fall and A Certain Ratio"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29351 | 5a5660c76349e2001acdcd38 | Swaziland | The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swa... | Who supported the legislative council? | Who supported the legislative council? | [
"Who supported the legislative council?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76841 | 5725c08389a1e219009abde1 | Dutch_language | The Dutch language has been known under a variety of names. In Middle Dutch, which was a collection of dialects, dietsc was used in Flanders and Brabant, while diets or duutsc was in use in the Northern Netherlands. It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, one of the first names ever used for the non-Romance lan... | What year were the Oaths of Strasbourg written? | What year were the Oaths of Strasbourg written? | [
"What year were the Oaths of Strasbourg written?"
] | {
"text": [
"842"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40254 | 5727e50a2ca10214002d98f6 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office... | What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor? | What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor? | [
"What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pfizer"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16087 | 572eb947dfa6aa1500f8d324 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin... | When Gaddafi established his power in the government, what were his first actions? | When Gaddafi established his power in the government, what were his first actions? | [
"When Gaddafi established his power in the government, what were his first actions?"
] | {
"text": [
"abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109783 | 5ad3f96e604f3c001a3ffac7 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevad... | How was Charles Brooks, Jr. freed? | How was Charles Brooks, Jr. freed? | [
" How was Charles Brooks, Jr. freed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60192 | 572f9e64947a6a140053cad4 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution. In 1957, planning began for the construction of the “South 40,” a complex of modern residential halls. With the additional on-campus housing, Washington University, which ... | When did Washington University begin construction of a complex of residential halls? | When did Washington University begin construction of a complex of residential halls? | [
"When did Washington University begin construction of a complex of residential halls?"
] | {
"text": [
"1957"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18712 | 5726f9e05951b619008f83e6 | Nigeria | Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the... | When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal? | When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal? | [
"When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?"
] | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40409 | 56e753fb37bdd419002c3e82 | Paper | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What is added for sizing purposes? | What is added for sizing purposes? | [
"What is added for sizing purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Additives"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-344 | 56f799d2a6d7ea1400e17262 | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San... | On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands? | On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands? | [
"On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ebon"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101891 | 5a47261d5fd40d001a27dd57 | States_of_Germany | The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B... | When was the Federal Republic of France created? | When was the Federal Republic of France created? | [
"When was the Federal Republic of France created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31386 | 5a63d1c47f3c80001a150b53 | Germans | The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfga... | What literay and religious figures helped spread German culture in europe? | What literay and religious figures helped spread German culture in europe? | [
"What literay and religious figures helped spread German culture in europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106970 | 5ace5cb432bba1001ae4a3fd | Hunting | Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in man... | Where was Krishna exiled to? | Where was Krishna exiled to? | [
"Where was Krishna exiled to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111520 | 57322ed7b9d445190005e8a4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? | In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? | [
"In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians?"
] | {
"text": [
"imprisoned or martyred"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47631 | 572fdf3904bcaa1900d76e22 | Armenia | Football is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they lost on aggrega... | How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have? | How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have? | [
"How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight teams"
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48545 | 572845f7ff5b5019007da0a1 | War_on_Terror | On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has c... | What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda? | What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda? | [
"What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?"
] | {
"text": [
"Al-Shabaab"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95226 | 56df93a338dc42170015207b | Alexander_Graham_Bell | The patent examiner, Zenas Fisk Wilber, later stated in an affidavit that he was an alcoholic who was much in debt to Bell's lawyer, Marcellus Bailey, with whom he had served in the Civil War. He claimed he showed Gray's patent caveat to Bailey. Wilber also claimed (after Bell arrived in Washington D.C. from Boston) th... | What did Bell only admit to knowing in a letter? | What did Bell only admit to knowing in a letter? | [
"What did Bell only admit to knowing in a letter?"
] | {
"text": [
"technical details"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40177 | 5727d28c4b864d1900163df3 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service. Horse-drawn steetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trol... | What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's? | What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's? | [
"What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?"
] | {
"text": [
"bus lines"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5210 | 56e16adecd28a01900c678cb | Boston | Federally, Boston is split between two congressional districts. The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district, represented by Mike Capuano since 1998. The southern fourth is in the 8th district, represented by Stephen Lynch. Both are Democrats; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of B... | Who represents the 7th district? | Who represents the 7th district? | [
"Who represents the 7th district?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mike Capuano"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100840 | 572f81ad947a6a140053c9dd | Post-punk | Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alter... | Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock? | Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock? | [
"Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19966 | 573383e94776f41900660c5a | University_of_Notre_Dame | Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Le... | Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank? | Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank? | [
"Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank?"
] | {
"text": [
"among the top twenty"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83693 | 5acd8aaf07355d001abf4683 | Florida | By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, know... | Who were known as the White Seminoles? | Who were known as the White Seminoles? | [
"Who were known as the White Seminoles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26802 | 5709bd0d200fba14003682a1 | United_States_dollar | The word "dollar" is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. In that context, "dollars" is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted legislation titled An act... | How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single dollar? | How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single dollar? | [
"How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single dollar?"
] | {
"text": [
"three hundred and seventy-one"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2017 | 570b57586b8089140040f8a6 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen. When shooting began at Lexington and C... | When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony? | When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony? | [
"When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony?"
] | {
"text": [
"1774"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100088 | 572b5ad134ae481900deadb8 | Guam | The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental... | How many Marines would the United States move to Guam? | How many Marines would the United States move to Guam? | [
"How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,600 Marines"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2313 | 56d1358ee7d4791d00902008 | Buddhism | The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, R... | The fourth truth consists of how many factors? | The fourth truth consists of how many factors? | [
"The fourth truth consists of how many factors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eight"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49518 | 570d45acb3d812140066d614 | Valencia | World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway... | Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater? | Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater? | [
"Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater?"
] | {
"text": [
"City of Arts and Sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47359 | 5726fb6f708984140094d79a | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music vi... | She transmit her avant garde style to which audience? | She transmit her avant garde style to which audience? | [
"She transmit her avant garde style to which audience?"
] | {
"text": [
"American audience"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59142 | 5a3051dbf1f7c7001ab92d63 | A_cappella | A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a c... | What was the first Midwest a cappella group? | What was the first Midwest a cappella group? | [
"What was the first Midwest a cappella group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57312 | 5a54420d134fea001a0e16d1 | Muslim_world | Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from cir... | What did Ibn al-Haytham write in the 10th century | What did Ibn al-Haytham write in the 10th century | [
"What did Ibn al-Haytham write in the 10th century"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80045 | 5726b1c05951b619008f7ac4 | Samoa | From the end of World War I until 1962, New Zealand controlled Samoa as a Class C Mandate under trusteeship through the League of Nations, then through the United Nations. There followed a series of New Zealand administrators who were responsible for two major incidents. In the first incident, approximately one fifth o... | During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic? | During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic? | [
"During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic?"
] | {
"text": [
"1918–1919"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100056 | 5ace55f632bba1001ae4a2ef | Guam | Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its prod... | What is the Chamorro term for individualism? | What is the Chamorro term for individualism? | [
"What is the Chamorro term for individualism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84262 | 5ad386af604f3c001a3fe559 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a which two bodies? | Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a which two bodies? | [
" Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a which two bodies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112479 | 570d3df1b3d812140066d5d0 | United_States_Army | For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and ... | Where did Lee surrender his army? | Where did Lee surrender his army? | [
"Where did Lee surrender his army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Appomattox Court House"
],
"answer_start": [
1007
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95599 | 5726d8c9dd62a815002e9266 | Yale_University | During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique". When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diff... | How did George H. W. Bush describe Harvard's reputation? | How did George H. W. Bush describe Harvard's reputation? | [
"How did George H. W. Bush describe Harvard's reputation?"
] | {
"text": [
"liberalism and elitism"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70124 | 59d2a4a12763a60018284155 | Great_Plains | From the 1950s on, many areas of the Great Plains have become productive crop-growing areas because of extensive irrigation on large landholdings. The United States is a major exporter of agricultural products. The southern portion of the Great Plains lies over the Ogallala Aquifer, a huge underground layer of water-be... | In what decade did aquafier depletion begin to outpace the ground's ability to recharge? | In what decade did aquafier depletion begin to outpace the ground's ability to recharge? | [
"In what decade did aquafier depletion begin to outpace the ground's ability to recharge?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96797 | 57085206efce8f15003a7da1 | Pitch_(music) | Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured... | What is pitch closely related to? | What is pitch closely related to? | [
"What is pitch closely related to?"
] | {
"text": [
"frequency"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40599 | 56e768a600c9c71400d770d4 | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? | In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? | [
"In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?"
] | {
"text": [
"400%"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105845 | 5a567d306349e2001acdcdc4 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the dat... | How long is the swing arm? | How long is the swing arm? | [
"How long is the swing arm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71976 | 57270fc9dd62a815002e988e | Capacitor | Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacito... | If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers? | If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers? | [
"If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers?"
] | {
"text": [
"cause the plates to glow red"
],
"answer_start": [
622
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16666 | 572a6eae7a1753140016af48 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory, revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits, Interest and Investment (1939) and The Pure Theory of Capital (1941), but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were la... | Who did Keynes' arguments against the Austrian theory of the business cycle eventually influence? | Who did Keynes' arguments against the Austrian theory of the business cycle eventually influence? | [
"Who did Keynes' arguments against the Austrian theory of the business cycle eventually influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lionel Robbins"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93546 | 5728479b4b864d19001648b2 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | What is the date of St. George's Night? | What is the date of St. George's Night? | [
"What is the date of St. George's Night?"
] | {
"text": [
"23 April 1343"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31423 | 5a63e2947f3c80001a150b71 | Germans | German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte... | What did Engels develop in the 1900's? | What did Engels develop in the 1900's? | [
"What did Engels develop in the 1900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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