gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-45007 | 56df15ca3277331400b4d970 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived. This label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Date's biggest success was "Time of the Season" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969. The label was discontinued in 1970. | Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist? | Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist? | [
"Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41283 | 5731e07b0fdd8d15006c65e6 | Egypt | Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security.... | What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government? | What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government? | [
"What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?"
] | {
"text": [
"are not recognised by the state"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52480 | 5a3ab1bf3ff257001ab841ff | Planck_constant | The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature... | What about a frozen object changes with the temperature? | What about a frozen object changes with the temperature? | [
"What about a frozen object changes with the temperature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7193 | 5ad5014c5b96ef001a10a91d | Red | In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the C... | What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in? | What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in? | [
"What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42387 | 5ad276d6d7d075001a42952e | Karl_Popper | The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories. Thus we can only say that the whole package of relevant theories has been collectively falsified, but cannot conclusively say which element of the package must be replac... | Why are Newton's laws not preferred over the other theory? | Why are Newton's laws not preferred over the other theory? | [
"Why are Newton's laws not preferred over the other theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65189 | 5726b702f1498d1400e8e8a9 | Crimean_War | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | When was the Treaty of Paris signed? | When was the Treaty of Paris signed? | [
"When was the Treaty of Paris signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"30 March 1856"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22958 | 5735c37cdc94161900571fe6 | Kathmandu | The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied build... | In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class? | In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class? | [
"In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?"
] | {
"text": [
"Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10784 | 56fdea0919033b140034cdc4 | Computer | At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves. Their first transistorised computer and the first in the world, was operational by 1953, and a second version was completed there in April 1955. However, the ... | The first transistorised computer was operational in what year? | The first transistorised computer was operational in what year? | [
"The first transistorised computer was operational in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1953"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6158 | 5727624e5951b619008f892a | Late_Middle_Ages | The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi. Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello. This can be seen particularly well in his ... | Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi? | Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi? | [
"Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi?"
] | {
"text": [
"linear perspective"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78753 | 57309c8e2461fd1900a9cf0a | Greeks | As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year while t... | Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ? | Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ? | [
"Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55229 | 5a316427e4dcb1001abb22b6 | Baptists | Baptist historian Bruce Gourley outlines four main views of Baptist origins: (1) The modern scholarly consensus that the movement traces its origin to the 17th century via the English Separatists, (2) the view that it was an outgrowth of Anabaptist traditions, (3) the perpetuity view which assumes that the Baptist fait... | What view argues that Baptist churches existed in a broken chain since the time of Christ? | What view argues that Baptist churches existed in a broken chain since the time of Christ? | [
"What view argues that Baptist churches existed in a broken chain since the time of Christ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91360 | 5ace5f6b32bba1001ae4a453 | Avicenna | Avicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has th... | What is one modality of being that Avicenna did not analyze? | What is one modality of being that Avicenna did not analyze? | [
"What is one modality of being that Avicenna did not analyze?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73224 | 56d3738f59d6e4140014641c | American_Idol | The performance of "Summertime" by Barrino, later known simply as "Fantasia", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released ... | What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol? | What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol? | [
"What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"I Believe"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76713 | 572ab2ac34ae481900deac55 | Philadelphia | The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, is part of Mid-Atlantic American English, and as such it is identical in many ways to the Baltimore dialect. Unlike the Baltimore dialect, however, the Philadelphia accent also shares many similarities with the New York accent. T... | Name the accent spoken in the area? | Name the accent spoken in the area? | [
"Name the accent spoken in the area?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Philadelphia dialect"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6785 | 57284e44ff5b5019007da149 | PlayStation_3 | Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to th... | What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability? | What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability? | [
"What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability? "
] | {
"text": [
"the top loading tray"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60440 | 5ace3ada32bba1001ae49f8c | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2... | How many women's tennis NCAA Division III championships have they won? | How many women's tennis NCAA Division III championships have they won? | [
"How many women's tennis NCAA Division III championships have they won?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95083 | 56df778a5ca0a614008f9adb | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 u... | How many people started the National Geographic Society? | How many people started the National Geographic Society? | [
"How many people started the National Geographic Society?"
] | {
"text": [
"33"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61344 | 572f3e7d04bcaa1900d767bc | Flowering_plant | Flower evolution continues to the present day; modern flowers have been so profoundly influenced by humans that some of them cannot be pollinated in nature. Many modern domesticated flower species were formerly simple weeds, which sprouted only when the ground was disturbed. Some of them tended to grow with human crops... | Humans have effected some flowers so much they can no longer do what in nature? | Humans have effected some flowers so much they can no longer do what in nature? | [
"Humans have effected some flowers so much they can no longer do what in nature?"
] | {
"text": [
"pollinated"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90866 | 5732485de99e3014001e6642 | Pacific_War | Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl... | What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender? | What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender? | [
"What ultimatum stated that Japan would face \"prompt and utter destruction\" if it did not surrender?"
] | {
"text": [
"Potsdam Declaration"
],
"answer_start": [
917
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88938 | 56df43e48bc80c19004e49c1 | Hunter-gatherer | A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. | What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna? | What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna? | [
"What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?"
] | {
"text": [
"hunter-gatherer"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24900 | 56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8f | New_York_City | Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Cent... | Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? | Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? | [
"Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"El Salvador"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93728 | 5728c96c4b864d1900164e23 | Estonia | Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Josep... | What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country? | What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country? | [
"What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106614 | 57262e0289a1e219009ac516 | East_India_Company | Every continued in pursuit and managed to overhaul Ganj-i-Sawai, which resisted strongly before eventually striking. Ganj-i-Sawai carried enormous wealth and, according to contemporary East India Company sources, was carrying a relative of the Grand Mughal, though there is no evidence to suggest that it was his daughte... | who was on the Ganji-i-Sawai according to the EIC? | who was on the Ganji-i-Sawai according to the EIC? | [
"who was on the Ganji-i-Sawai according to the EIC?"
] | {
"text": [
"a relative of the Grand Mughal"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16197 | 572ebc4803f98919007569b8 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su... | Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life. | Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life. | [
"Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life."
] | {
"text": [
"1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83670 | 57265e2b5951b619008f70b6 | Florida | Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole Wa... | Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary | Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary | [
"Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary"
] | {
"text": [
"orida had become \"a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9308 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd2 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for G... | What was the emblem? | What was the emblem? | [
"What was the emblem?"
] | {
"text": [
"two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42815 | 570d4c0efed7b91900d45e2a | Franco-Prussian_War | At the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as "von Bredow's Death Ride", which was held to prove that cavalry charges could still prevail on the b... | What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields? | What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields? | [
"What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields?"
] | {
"text": [
"Use of traditional cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18349 | 5ad0c270645df0001a2d0200 | Eritrea | When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean ... | In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor? | In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor? | [
"In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72585 | 5ad35d86604f3c001a3fdebb | Dell | Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the... | What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in? | What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in? | [
"What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10939 | 5ad28e42d7d075001a429a4b | Anthropology | Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech. He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him. His interest was ... | What did Waitz write in the 18th century? | What did Waitz write in the 18th century? | [
"What did Waitz write in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34660 | 56f8dcbe9e9bad19000a061c | Southampton | At certain times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'. | Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'? | Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'? | [
"Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70206 | 57297bb01d046914007794df | Neoclassical_architecture | A second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the "Louis XVI style", and the second in the styles called "Directoire" or Empire. The Rococo style remained popul... | What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called? | What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called? | [
"What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Directoire\" or Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92933 | 5aced50332bba1001ae4b657 | Tajikistan | Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to f... | Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929? | Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929? | [
"Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56845 | 5727d0992ca10214002d973c | Gramophone_record | In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: bl... | Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued? | Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued? | [
"Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued?"
] | {
"text": [
"yellow and deep red"
],
"answer_start": [
667
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106292 | 5725de2a38643c19005ace0b | Hellenistic_period | The kingdom grew to its largest extent under Mithridates VI, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Lesser Armenia, the Bosporan Kingdom, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. Mithridates VI, himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry, presente... | Who ruled when the Kingdom of Pontus' was at it's biggest? | Who ruled when the Kingdom of Pontus' was at it's biggest? | [
"Who ruled when the Kingdom of Pontus' was at it's biggest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mithridates VI"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94601 | 5726b810708984140094cefa | Queen_(band) | On 20 April 1992, The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert was held at London's Wembley Stadium to a 72,000-strong crowd. Performers, including Def Leppard, Robert Plant, Guns N' Roses, Elton John, David Bowie, George Michael, Annie Lennox, Seal, Extreme, and Metallica performed various Queen songs along with the three rema... | Which band was he largest benefit concert in history about? | Which band was he largest benefit concert in history about? | [
"Which band was he largest benefit concert in history about?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44887 | 56f8da629e9bad19000a0600 | Gene | De novo or "orphan" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare. Estimates of the number of de novo genes in the human genome range from 18 to 60. Such genes are typically shorter and simpler in structure than most eukaryotic genes, with few if any introns. Two primary sources of orp... | What is one primary source of orphan protein-coding genes? | What is one primary source of orphan protein-coding genes? | [
"What is one primary source of orphan protein-coding genes?"
] | {
"text": [
"gene duplication followed by extremely rapid sequence change"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48053 | 5726f90b5951b619008f83c8 | Napoleon | Datta (2005) shows that, following the collapse of militaristic Boulangism in the late 1880s, the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture. Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period—Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne (1893), Maurice Barrès's Les Déracinés (1897)... | What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written? | What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written? | [
"What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written?"
] | {
"text": [
"1893"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79635 | 5ad0156177cf76001a686935 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic region and threatening t... | What helped the keep the local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus? | What helped the keep the local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus? | [
"What helped the keep the local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74761 | 570e69d10b85d914000d7ea5 | Melbourne | The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards, and string of gardens surrounding the central city was largely established in the 1850s and 1860s. These areas were rapidly filled from the mid 1850s by the ubiquitous terrace house, as well as detached houses and... | Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" become popular? | Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" become popular? | [
"Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and \"regattas\" become popular?"
] | {
"text": [
"1859"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110369 | 57262d8f89a1e219009ac4fd | Professional_wrestling | The content including match outcomes is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain. These facts were once kept highly secret, but they are now openly declared as the truth. By and large, the true nature of the content is ignore... | What are the fan encouraged to do? | What are the fan encouraged to do? | [
"What are the fan encouraged to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"willing suspension of disbelief for the audience"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32986 | 5ad1864c645df0001a2d1e8e | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 1... | What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in an incadescent light bulb? | What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in an incadescent light bulb? | [
"What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in an incadescent light bulb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5558 | 57069bdd52bb891400689ad0 | House_music | Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music... | when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit? | when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit? | [
"when was jesse saunders' \"on and on\" a hit?"
] | {
"text": [
"1984"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9930 | 57280c6eff5b5019007d9bbc | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army. Amer and Salah Salem proposed requesting a ceasefire, with Salem further recommending that Nasser surrender himself to... | To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms? | To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms? | [
"To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms?"
] | {
"text": [
"civilian volunteers"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113558 | 5a87c33f19b91f001a626d95 | Vacuum | Fluids cannot generally be pulled, so a vacuum cannot be created by suction. Suction can spread and dilute a vacuum by letting a higher pressure push fluids into it, but the vacuum has to be created first before suction can occur. The easiest way to create an artificial vacuum is to expand the volume of a container. Fo... | What does fluid push into the lungs? | What does fluid push into the lungs? | [
"What does fluid push into the lungs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8855 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb4 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | [
"With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality?"
] | {
"text": [
"videophiles and film enthusiasts"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60795 | 5a3715fc95360f001af1b3f3 | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | What can you extend backwards to create an accurate calendar? | What can you extend backwards to create an accurate calendar? | [
"What can you extend backwards to create an accurate calendar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92439 | 5730e777aca1c71400fe5b48 | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlis... | What does the USAAF stand for? | What does the USAAF stand for? | [
"What does the USAAF stand for? "
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. Army Air Forces"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98598 | 57267d455951b619008f7479 | Marvel_Comics | In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted. Late that year he sold Marvel Comics and his other pub... | How many comics did Marvel sell during 1968? | How many comics did Marvel sell during 1968? | [
"How many comics did Marvel sell during 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"50 million"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108510 | 572beeb22babe914003c2968 | Tennessee | East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cit... | Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS? | Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS? | [
"Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS?"
] | {
"text": [
"McGhee Tyson Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70563 | 56dfe4e97aa994140058e230 | Pub | In 1393 King Richard II compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale." This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors, borough ale tasters, wh... | What was John Shakespeare's profession? | What was John Shakespeare's profession? | [
"What was John Shakespeare's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"inspectors"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8964 | 57284fd82ca10214002da284 | LaserDisc | Assuming the player's optical pickup is in proper working order, crosstalk distortion normally does not occur during playback of CAV format LaserDiscs, as the rotational speed never varies. However, if the player calibration is out of order or if the CAV disc is faulty or damaged, other problems affecting tracking accu... | What happens during "laser lock"? | What happens during "laser lock"? | [
"What happens during \"laser lock\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68998 | 572f766d04bcaa1900d769ae | Modern_history | The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in t... | What general was defeated in 1920? | What general was defeated in 1920? | [
"What general was defeated in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Pyotr Wrangel"
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6540 | 572826852ca10214002d9f37 | PlayStation_3 | The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale. The firmware update 3.21 was man... | What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS? | What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS? | [
"What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS?"
] | {
"text": [
"security concerns"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62557 | 5a7b898021c2de001afea11c | Software_testing | Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] M... | Manipulating data and formatting input do not qualify as what? | Manipulating data and formatting input do not qualify as what? | [
"Manipulating data and formatting input do not qualify as what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107581 | 57263b9538643c19005ad349 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In the beginning of 1996, several human rights groups brought cases to hold Shell accountable for alleged human rights violations in Nigeria, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment and arbitrary arrest and detention. In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the e... | In contrast to its agreement to settle the 1996 lawsuits, Shell refused to do what? | In contrast to its agreement to settle the 1996 lawsuits, Shell refused to do what? | [
"In contrast to its agreement to settle the 1996 lawsuits, Shell refused to do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"accepted any liability over the allegations against it"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93300 | 5ad192a3645df0001a2d2004 | Light-emitting_diode | Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color... | What problem results when lowering temperatures decays power? | What problem results when lowering temperatures decays power? | [
" What problem results when lowering temperatures decays power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5730 | 5706b11d0eeca41400aa0d37 | House_music | But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and ho... | who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s? | who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s? | [
"who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?"
] | {
"text": [
"DJ Alfredo"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22358 | 5a361ca8788daf001a5f871f | Himachal_Pradesh | In the assembly elections held in November 2012, the Congress secured an absolute majority. The Congress won 36 of the 68 seats while the BJP won only 26 of the 68 seats. Virbhadra Singh was sworn-in as Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister for a record sixth term in Shimla on 25 December 2012. Virbhadra Singh who has held... | What was Shimla sworn in as for a 6th term? | What was Shimla sworn in as for a 6th term? | [
"What was Shimla sworn in as for a 6th term?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74553 | 5ace595232bba1001ae4a36a | Asphalt | Bitumen was the nemesis of many artists during the 19th century. Although widely used for a time, it ultimately proved unstable for use in oil painting, especially when mixed with the most common diluents, such as linseed oil, varnish and turpentine. Unless thoroughly diluted, bitumen never fully solidifies and will in... | Bitumen will always fully solidify when what? | Bitumen will always fully solidify when what? | [
"Bitumen will always fully solidify when what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72880 | 5ad35f3d604f3c001a3fdf0b | Dell | On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the... | What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2009? | What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2009? | [
"What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88914 | 5a223053819328001af38a2b | Circadian_rhythm | The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. T... | Where is the secondary circadian clocl located? | Where is the secondary circadian clocl located? | [
"Where is the secondary circadian clocl located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63986 | 5ace7b6532bba1001ae4a7c0 | Annelid | Most of an annelid's body consists of segments that are practically identical, having the same sets of internal organs and external chaetae (Greek χαιτη, meaning "hair") and, in some species, appendages. However, the frontmost and rearmost sections are not regarded as true segments as they do not contain the standard s... | What does 'chaetae' no longer mean? | What does 'chaetae' no longer mean? | [
"What does 'chaetae' no longer mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8888 | 57282ff14b864d19001646a5 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | [
"What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present?"
] | {
"text": [
"digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6400 | 572814c34b864d190016441e | PlayStation_3 | At E3 2007, Sony was able to show a number of their upcoming video games for PlayStation 3, including Heavenly Sword, Lair, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Warhawk and Uncharted: Drake's Fortune; all of which were released in the third and fourth quarters of 2007. They also showed off a number of titles t... | Which Ratchet & Clank title debuted at E3 2007? | Which Ratchet & Clank title debuted at E3 2007? | [
"Which Ratchet & Clank title debuted at E3 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96956 | 56e1040ecd28a01900c6743d | Canon_law | The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches... | When was the original Code of Canon Law published? | When was the original Code of Canon Law published? | [
"When was the original Code of Canon Law published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75627 | 5727a5f04b864d190016395e | Cubism | Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amo... | Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to the USA? | Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to the USA? | [
"Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to the USA? "
] | {
"text": [
"Les Arbres"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10992 | 5ad2ac7fd7d075001a429ea2 | Anthropology | Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the i... | What kind of relativisim has been emphasized by social anthropology? | What kind of relativisim has been emphasized by social anthropology? | [
"What kind of relativisim has been emphasized by social anthropology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58963 | 5a303543f1f7c7001ab92cd0 | A_cappella | Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors... | In present times, which group is know to use shape notes in religious services? | In present times, which group is know to use shape notes in religious services? | [
"In present times, which group is know to use shape notes in religious services?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17398 | 570e4f430dc6ce1900204f51 | Uranium | During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicated mechani... | What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb? | What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb? | [
"What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb?"
] | {
"text": [
"deuterium"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21193 | 572eda9dcb0c0d14000f1602 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's pa... | How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish? | How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish? | [
"How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108543 | 572bf5e2dfb02c14005c6b05 | Tennessee | The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that t... | Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region? | Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region? | [
"Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23391 | 5731c3a2b9d445190005e522 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of? | What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of? | [
"What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of?"
] | {
"text": [
"court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46558 | 5ad0b111645df0001a2d006a | Department_store | In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a departme... | How many stores does Salling have in Justinland? | How many stores does Salling have in Justinland? | [
"How many stores does Salling have in Justinland? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31632 | 570d656efed7b91900d45fc0 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Two assumptions underpinned the British approach to HAA fire; first, aimed fire was the primary method and this was enabled by predicting gun data from visually tracking the target and having its height. Second, that the target would maintain a steady course, speed and height. This HAA was to engage targets up to 24,00... | Along with predicting the gun data from tracking the target, what else needed to be known about the target to enable the aimed fire? | Along with predicting the gun data from tracking the target, what else needed to be known about the target to enable the aimed fire? | [
"Along with predicting the gun data from tracking the target, what else needed to be known about the target to enable the aimed fire?"
] | {
"text": [
"its height"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56300 | 57277c08708984140094dee7 | Nonprofit_organization | Individual states and localities offer nonprofits exemptions from other taxes such as sales tax or property tax. Federal tax-exempt status does not guarantee exemption from state and local taxes, and vice versa. These exemptions generally have separate applications and their requirements may differ from the IRS require... | What is one example of an NPO in the United States? | What is one example of an NPO in the United States? | [
"What is one example of an NPO in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"Project Vote Smart"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68207 | 57304b80069b531400832009 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Exp... | What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'? | What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'? | [
"What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'?"
] | {
"text": [
"the city's Neck area"
],
"answer_start": [
715
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45659 | 5acd677a07355d001abf40da | YouTube | YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was ... | What happened on December 25, 2005? | What happened on December 25, 2005? | [
"What happened on December 25, 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42177 | 5728a7583acd2414000dfbef | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories? | Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories? | [
"Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freud and Adler"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45749 | 57319f2f0fdd8d15006c63fa | YouTube | YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video d... | What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage? | What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage? | [
"What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage?"
] | {
"text": [
"HTML"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88285 | 56d8d5babfea0914004b7739 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | How many days did the plane travel? | How many days did the plane travel? | [
"How many days did the plane travel?"
] | {
"text": [
"130 days"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33562 | 56f9760b9e9bad19000a0955 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other ... | On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal? | On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal? | [
"On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fort Washington Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24612 | 56cede40aab44d1400b88b73 | New_York_City | The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the... | In what year was Columbia University chartered? | In what year was Columbia University chartered? | [
"In what year was Columbia University chartered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1754"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48374 | 56fa56e5f34c681400b0c092 | Wood | Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative... | What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear? | What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear? | [
"What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?"
] | {
"text": [
"high strength fabrics"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60635 | 5ace43df32bba1001ae4a11b | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor is part of Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented in Congress by Representative Debbie Dingell, a Democrat. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split b... | What city is represented in the 21st congressional district? | What city is represented in the 21st congressional district? | [
"What city is represented in the 21st congressional district?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77732 | 57268864f1498d1400e8e300 | British_Empire | In December 1941, Japan launched, in quick succession, attacks on British Malaya, the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the manner in which Br... | Which territory had been compared to Gibraltar? | Which territory had been compared to Gibraltar? | [
"Which territory had been compared to Gibraltar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Singapore"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18958 | 572fd7db947a6a140053cd45 | Premier_League | An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England f... | Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005? | Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005? | [
"Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35770 | 5a4842d584b8a4001a7e781f | Imperial_College_London | In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a co... | Who decided that more liberal education was needed? | Who decided that more liberal education was needed? | [
"Who decided that more liberal education was needed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59755 | 5acfb63c77cf76001a6859e4 | Zhejiang | The province's name derives from the Zhe River (浙江, Zhè Jiāng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning "Crooked" or "Bent River", from the meaning of Chinese 折, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound formed from adding 氵... | What does the Qiantang Ocean flow past? | What does the Qiantang Ocean flow past? | [
" What does the Qiantang Ocean flow past?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9889 | 572802a93acd2414000df218 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg... | What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with? | What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with? | [
"What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cold War"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86557 | 56e70db4de9d371400068138 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…' | What was the central aim of the Royal Institute? | What was the central aim of the Royal Institute? | [
"What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"the general advancement of Civil Architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7899 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860e0 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage ... | What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | [
"What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17646 | 56cf45bcaab44d1400b88ef3 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the ... | Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed? | Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed? | [
"Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99429 | 5a8a4a423b2508001a72a9c6 | 51st_state | During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in re... | When did the US control Akureyri? | When did the US control Akureyri? | [
"When did the US control Akureyri?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105273 | 5727ea142ca10214002d9997 | History_of_science | In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications. What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did ma... | What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals? | What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals? | [
"What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals?"
] | {
"text": [
"decimal point notation"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38041 | 573024cc04bcaa1900d77220 | Roman_Republic | Caesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 46 BC, Caesar was given ... | What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy? | What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy? | [
"What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"raised the membership of the Senate to 900"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21715 | 5a654145c2b11c001a425cf7 | Sumer | Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a... | Who extended personal credit to citizens? | Who extended personal credit to citizens? | [
"Who extended personal credit to citizens?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52668 | 5a3ae6c43ff257001ab8431a | Planck_constant | There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants. This has already been done for the metre, which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light. The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram, whose value has been fixed f... | Where is the top unit for the kilometer kept? | Where is the top unit for the kilometer kept? | [
"Where is the top unit for the kilometer kept?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88826 | 570f42aa80d9841400ab3570 | Circadian_rhythm | For temperature studies, subjects must remain awake but calm and semi-reclined in near darkness while their rectal temperatures are taken continuously. Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual w... | At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature? | At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature? | [
"At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature?"
] | {
"text": [
"05:00"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104232 | 5ad20e2bd7d075001a42829b | Mandolin | Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin, and mandolin notes decay faster than larger stringed instruments like the guitar. This encourages the use of tremolo (rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings) to create sustained notes... | Do mandolin notes decay faster or slower than smaller string instruments? | Do mandolin notes decay faster or slower than smaller string instruments? | [
"Do mandolin notes decay faster or slower than smaller string instruments?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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