gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-107129 | 5ace73f432bba1001ae4a729 | Hunting | Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the... | What percentage of states in the midwest had habitat loss on farms? | What percentage of states in the midwest had habitat loss on farms? | [
"What percentage of states in the midwest had habitat loss on farms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88518 | 56db3449e7c41114004b4f3f | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GW... | What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted? | What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted? | [
"What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse"
],
"answer_start": [
821
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72031 | 5acf695777cf76001a684db6 | Capacitor | If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequ... | What is an example of an undielectric relaxation process? | What is an example of an undielectric relaxation process? | [
" What is an example of an undielectric relaxation process?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59599 | 5726bcf3f1498d1400e8e9a9 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The... | How can a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described? | How can a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described? | [
"How can a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described?"
] | {
"text": [
"a smooth cylinder"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102915 | 5acd1db907355d001abf35a7 | Unicode | Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings. An encoding maps (possibly a subset of) the range of Unicode code points to sequences of values in some fixed-size range, termed code values. The numbers in the names of the enc... | What maps an encoding? | What maps an encoding? | [
"What maps an encoding?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61275 | 572efb9cc246551400ce4822 | Flowering_plant | The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils s... | What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers? | What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers? | [
"What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers?"
] | {
"text": [
"evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60086 | 56f992a89b226e1400dd15c3 | Zhejiang | Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea. Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans. Zhejiang cuisine (itself subdivided into many traditions, including Hangzhou cuisine) is one of the eight great tr... | What type of fans is Hangzhou known for? | What type of fans is Hangzhou known for? | [
"What type of fans is Hangzhou known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"hand"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86519 | 5a613474e9e1cc001a33d009 | Gymnastics | Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ... | Where did gymnastic begin? | Where did gymnastic begin? | [
"Where did gymnastic begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64894 | 57293c241d046914007791ab | Renewable_energy_commercialization | EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for... | The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year? | The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year? | [
"The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2020"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50628 | 56e871f40b45c0140094cc9f | Bern | Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled... | When was the last time the area of Bern was measured? | When was the last time the area of Bern was measured? | [
"When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36243 | 572fd395b2c2fd14005684bd | Printed_circuit_board | Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the most common solder resists used today is called "LPI" (liquid photoimageable solder mask). A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally ... | If part of a PCB isn't solderable, what can be used instead? | If part of a PCB isn't solderable, what can be used instead? | [
"If part of a PCB isn't solderable, what can be used instead?"
] | {
"text": [
"solder resist"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66655 | 5acecc8432bba1001ae4b477 | Brigham_Young_University | In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News... | What is Ken Dutcher considered to be? | What is Ken Dutcher considered to be? | [
"What is Ken Dutcher considered to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49341 | 5a871fcb1d3cee001a6a10f7 | Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2005, while new cases have decreased since 2002. China has achieved particularly dramatic progress, with about an 80% reduction in its TB mortalit... | How much has the US reduced its TB mortality rate by? | How much has the US reduced its TB mortality rate by? | [
"How much has the US reduced its TB mortality rate by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33138 | 5ad19767645df0001a2d20c6 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament. Incandescent light bulbs usually ... | What consists of a non-air-tight glass enclosure? | What consists of a non-air-tight glass enclosure? | [
"What consists of a non-air-tight glass enclosure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113779 | 56f970f49e9bad19000a0925 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | There are also three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff with particular remits, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations). The Surgeon General, represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff, and is the clinical head of that service. | Who represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff? | Who represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff? | [
"Who represents the Defence Medical Services on the Defence Staff?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Surgeon General"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20107 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661041 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students... | What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century? | What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century? | [
"What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C."
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99938 | 5ace3f9232bba1001ae4a06d | Guam | Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guam... | In what year did the United States Armed Forces establish their first base on Guam? | In what year did the United States Armed Forces establish their first base on Guam? | [
"In what year did the United States Armed Forces establish their first base on Guam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82949 | 56e0856a7aa994140058e5a6 | Saint_Helena | Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international c... | Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association? | Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association? | [
"Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Island Games Association"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69894 | 5ad49c78ba00c4001a268da6 | Windows_8 | Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A conver... | Why did Microsoft increase the required resoultion for tablets? | Why did Microsoft increase the required resoultion for tablets? | [
"Why did Microsoft increase the required resoultion for tablets?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97144 | 56d20a6ae7d4791d0090261a | Frédéric_Chopin | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By... | How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public? | How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public? | [
"How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public?"
] | {
"text": [
"7"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62896 | 572f98e5b2c2fd1400568232 | Pain | The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be ... | Why may older adults quit doing activities the love? | Why may older adults quit doing activities the love? | [
"Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?"
] | {
"text": [
"because it hurts too much"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10727 | 56fdcd2e761e401900d28c12 | Computer | The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsoles... | The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year? | The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year? | [
"The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1927"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85103 | 5a7f79a448f7d9001a06378e | Supreme_court | However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the... | What is the Courts of Appeal superseded by in England? | What is the Courts of Appeal superseded by in England? | [
"What is the Courts of Appeal superseded by in England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86340 | 570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5d | Gymnastics | The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha... | Where was the FIG founded? | Where was the FIG founded? | [
"Where was the FIG founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liege"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93942 | 572e9939c246551400ce43b5 | Cyprus | The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five-year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian, Latin and Maronite minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is domina... | How long is the term for an elected member of the House of Representatives? | How long is the term for an elected member of the House of Representatives? | [
"How long is the term for an elected member of the House of Representatives?"
] | {
"text": [
"five-year term"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79723 | 57061a1e75f01819005e7986 | MP3 | The use of lossy compression is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners. An MP3 file that is created using the setting of 128 kbit/s will result in a file that is about 1/11... | If a file is created using 128 kbit/s, what size is the file going to be compared to a CD? | If a file is created using 128 kbit/s, what size is the file going to be compared to a CD? | [
"If a file is created using 128 kbit/s, what size is the file going to be compared to a CD?"
] | {
"text": [
"1/11"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21862 | 570abc016d058f19001830b9 | Aircraft_carrier | The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA... | Why is STOVL used by other navies? | Why is STOVL used by other navies? | [
"Why is STOVL used by other navies?"
] | {
"text": [
"it is cheaper to operate"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28578 | 5a0f4709decec9001847554d | Canadian_football | Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules betw... | Where has the CFL been kept? | Where has the CFL been kept? | [
"Where has the CFL been kept?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85495 | 57282bdbff5b5019007d9e7b | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? | Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? | [
"Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"to stabilise the financial system"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83864 | 5acda11d07355d001abf487d | Florida | At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century buildin... | What percentage of personal income was spent on housing costs in 2008? | What percentage of personal income was spent on housing costs in 2008? | [
"What percentage of personal income was spent on housing costs in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84626 | 5ad4d2705b96ef001a10a1d4 | San_Diego | San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to dam... | How many homes were saved in the Cedar Fire? | How many homes were saved in the Cedar Fire? | [
"How many homes were saved in the Cedar Fire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42696 | 5710282db654c5140001f881 | Sexual_orientation | Some other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inferiority, while the active ... | When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with? | When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with? | [
"When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"masculinity and/or superiority"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93479 | 5ad19782645df0001a2d20d1 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | Why aren't LEDs preferred for machine vision systems? | Why aren't LEDs preferred for machine vision systems? | [
" Why aren't LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84456 | 5ad4b0685b96ef001a109dab | San_Diego | In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le... | What happened as the population shifted to more level ground above Presidio Hill? | What happened as the population shifted to more level ground above Presidio Hill? | [
"What happened as the population shifted to more level ground above Presidio Hill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77592 | 57266bc1708984140094c572 | British_Empire | The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involving France, Britain and the other major European powers. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for the future of the British Empire. In North America, France's future as a col... | When was the Treaty of Paris? | When was the Treaty of Paris? | [
"When was the Treaty of Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"1763"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16062 | 5a8317ede60761001a2eb3da | Infection | Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. Signs of infection have been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections seem to tend to be confined to on... | What do paleopathologists avoid researching? | What do paleopathologists avoid researching? | [
"What do paleopathologists avoid researching?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8412 | 57268d09f1498d1400e8e383 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, s... | Why are there too many hospital beds? | Why are there too many hospital beds? | [
"Why are there too many hospital beds?"
] | {
"text": [
"rationalisation processes in the German health care system"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45287 | 5a60de02e9e1cc001a33cdba | Sahara | The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitat... | What is furthest from the equator in the Sahara? | What is furthest from the equator in the Sahara? | [
"What is furthest from the equator in the Sahara?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23976 | 5ad3e4e5604f3c001a3ff590 | Bermuda | Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical clim... | What is the Bermuda Triangle the northernmost point of? | What is the Bermuda Triangle the northernmost point of? | [
"What is the Bermuda Triangle the northernmost point of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16073 | 572eb94ac246551400ce4580 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/; audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revo... | List Gaddafi's lifespan. | List Gaddafi's lifespan. | [
"List Gaddafi's lifespan."
] | {
"text": [
"1942 – 20 October 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96527 | 5a8c72c8fd22b3001a8d87f8 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed... | What was a punishment given to the twelve apostles? | What was a punishment given to the twelve apostles? | [
"What was a punishment given to the twelve apostles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68359 | 5a369c7695360f001af1b2ba | George_VI | Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, an... | In what month did Albert visit Jamaica? | In what month did Albert visit Jamaica? | [
"In what month did Albert visit Jamaica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112595 | 570d7ed6b3d812140066da05 | United_States_Army | During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of ... | What year did the Korean War start? | What year did the Korean War start? | [
"What year did the Korean War start?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78256 | 57278c04f1498d1400e8fb9a | Child_labour | A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a large number of chil... | Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour? | Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour? | [
"Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour?"
] | {
"text": [
"extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children."
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40093 | 572b881ebe1ee31400cb8412 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, ... | What is the name of the tabloid that is run by mainly college students? | What is the name of the tabloid that is run by mainly college students? | [
"What is the name of the tabloid that is run by mainly college students?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rumpus Magazine"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25323 | 56d1204617492d1400aab9fd | New_York_City | Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx... | In what borough is the New York City Hall found? | In what borough is the New York City Hall found? | [
"In what borough is the New York City Hall found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54271 | 56deefeb3277331400b4d833 | Christian | A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach. | What Greek word is Christian derived from? | What Greek word is Christian derived from? | [
"What Greek word is Christian derived from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christós"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25156 | 56d00638234ae51400d9c293 | New_York_City | The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the ... | The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year? | The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year? | [
"The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1938"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102978 | 5acd24b707355d001abf36ae | Unicode | Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on th... | What is a mark adjust its position relative to? | What is a mark adjust its position relative to? | [
"What is a mark adjust its position relative to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72988 | 56daebe7e7c41114004b4b15 | American_Idol | American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most succ... | Who created American Idol? | Who created American Idol? | [
"Who created American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Simon Fuller"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55638 | 5acfda6577cf76001a6862f2 | Presbyterianism | The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 ... | Where is the smallest Presbyterian church located? | Where is the smallest Presbyterian church located? | [
"Where is the smallest Presbyterian church located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70458 | 56dfd68c231d4119001abe1c | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed? | In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed? | [
"In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 1914"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74361 | 571b1b449499d21900609c0c | Asphalt | Bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826 or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the bitumen and made it insolu... | During what period was bitumen used in printing processes? | During what period was bitumen used in printing processes? | [
"During what period was bitumen used in printing processes?"
] | {
"text": [
"1850s to the 1920s"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2544 | 56d24e17b329da140004ed37 | Buddhism | At the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (su... | What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter? | What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter? | [
"What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jains"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60284 | 5ace28e732bba1001ae49c18 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), MS in Finance, MS in Supply Chain Management, MS in Customer Analytics, Master of Accounting... | In what year was Fudan University established? | In what year was Fudan University established? | [
"In what year was Fudan University established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60489 | 5ace20e832bba1001ae49b57 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter To... | What river has an elevation of 570 feet? | What river has an elevation of 570 feet? | [
"What river has an elevation of 570 feet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102408 | 56fa995df34c681400b0c0fb | High-definition_television | For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second. | What does 50i mean? | What does 50i mean? | [
"What does 50i mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 interlaced frames per second"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13764 | 57277eb7dd62a815002e9ebf | Glacier | Before glaciation, mountain valleys have a characteristic "V" shape, produced by eroding water. During glaciation, these valleys are widened, deepened, and smoothed, forming a "U"-shaped glacial valley. The erosion that creates glacial valleys eliminates the spurs of earth that extend across mountain valleys, creating ... | What gives mountain vallys their characteristic "V" shape before glacation? | What gives mountain vallys their characteristic "V" shape before glacation? | [
"What gives mountain vallys their characteristic \"V\" shape before glacation?"
] | {
"text": [
"eroding water"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14419 | 572f7b06b2c2fd1400568175 | Han_dynasty | Families throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which journeyed to the afterl... | What was the afterlife of the immortals called during this period? | What was the afterlife of the immortals called during this period? | [
"What was the afterlife of the immortals called during this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"xian"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1431 | 5731514505b4da19006bd03f | Mosaic | After 539 Ravenna was reconquered by the Romans in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) and became the seat of the Exarchate of Ravenna. The greatest development of Christian mosaics unfolded in the second half of the 6th century. Outstanding examples of Byzantine mosaic art are the later phase mosai... | When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place? | When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place? | [
"When did the biggest achievement in Christian mosaics take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"the second half of the 6th century"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110522 | 57266e09dd62a815002e848a | Professional_wrestling | A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to per... | What do those accomplishments indicate? | What do those accomplishments indicate? | [
"What do those accomplishments indicate? "
] | {
"text": [
"performance ability and drawing power"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19135 | 572febe6b2c2fd14005685e4 | Premier_League | The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (th... | What do critics have to say about this payment? | What do critics have to say about this payment? | [
"What do critics have to say about this payment?"
] | {
"text": [
"critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97242 | 56cf6ca44df3c31400b0d779 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, i... | Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria? | Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria? | [
"Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84231 | 5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe44a | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits? | Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits? | [
"Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45627 | 571a9be84faf5e1900b8ab2e | Ashkenazi_Jews | Various studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of the non-Levantine admixture in Ashkenazim, particularly in respect to the extent of the non-Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Levantine genetic origi... | All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages? | All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages? | [
"All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fertile Crescent"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48620 | 572848bfff5b5019007da0df | War_on_Terror | Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Sec... | How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use? | How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use? | [
"How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37291 | 5727a2c23acd2414000de87f | Switzerland | Agricultural protectionism—a rare exception to Switzerland's free trade policies—has contributed to high food prices. Product market liberalisation is lagging behind many EU countries according to the OECD. Nevertheless, domestic purchasing power is one of the best in the world. Apart from agriculture, economic and tra... | According to the OECD, what is Switzerland lagging behind many EU countries in? | According to the OECD, what is Switzerland lagging behind many EU countries in? | [
"According to the OECD, what is Switzerland lagging behind many EU countries in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Product market liberalisation"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89715 | 57303a86a23a5019007fcfbe | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | What group was the first to use incendiaries? | What group was the first to use incendiaries? | [
"What group was the first to use incendiaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kampfgruppe 100"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5192 | 56e16690cd28a01900c67870 | Boston | Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Bost... | The Emerald necklace is a string of what? | The Emerald necklace is a string of what? | [
"The Emerald necklace is a string of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"parks"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48502 | 572844774b864d190016486b | War_on_Terror | Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remai... | Who helped the US invade Afghanistan? | Who helped the US invade Afghanistan? | [
"Who helped the US invade Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK and coalition allies"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6139 | 57275ef9708984140094dca3 | Late_Middle_Ages | This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of... | What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview? | What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview? | [
"What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicolaus Copernicus"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3106 | 56dc56a414d3a41400c267da | Genome | Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequen... | Which organism has the most genes? | Which organism has the most genes? | [
"Which organism has the most genes?"
] | {
"text": [
"trichomoniasis"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45132 | 5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe8 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced their global strategic partnership to leverage combined worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rightsholders. | On July 1, 2019, who partnered together? | On July 1, 2019, who partnered together? | [
"On July 1, 2019, who partnered together?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115271 | 57263afcec44d21400f3dc6a | Mammal | The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer. Its outermost cells are constantly lost; its bottommost cells are constantly dividing and pushing upward. The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is made up of many compone... | What is the main function of the epidermis? | What is the main function of the epidermis? | [
"What is the main function of the epidermis?"
] | {
"text": [
"to provide a waterproof layer"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56179 | 56e7b55437bdd419002c43bd | Arena_Football_League | The AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North American professional sports lea... | Who owns the rights to the players under the single-entity model? | Who owns the rights to the players under the single-entity model? | [
"Who owns the rights to the players under the single-entity model?"
] | {
"text": [
"the league"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100431 | 56e11911e3433e1400422bd7 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What is the intended purpose of the "I" component? | What is the intended purpose of the "I" component? | [
"What is the intended purpose of the \"I\" component?"
] | {
"text": [
"likely to be intended for the open service"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36232 | 5ace700032bba1001ae4a6ba | Printed_circuit_board | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often... | Electroless silver with immersion gold coating (ENIG) is an example of what? | Electroless silver with immersion gold coating (ENIG) is an example of what? | [
"Electroless silver with immersion gold coating (ENIG) is an example of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102733 | 57305257069b531400832049 | Association_football | In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one te... | Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts? | Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts? | [
"Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?"
] | {
"text": [
"the IFAB"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80118 | 5726bfee708984140094d065 | Samoa | The Samoan islands have been produced by vulcanism, the source of which is the Samoa hotspot which is probably the result of a mantle plume. While all of the islands have volcanic origins, only Savai'i, the western most island in Samoa, is volcanically active with the most recent eruptions in Mt Matavanu (1905–1911), M... | What volcano created the Saleaula lava fields? | What volcano created the Saleaula lava fields? | [
"What volcano created the Saleaula lava fields?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mt Matavanu"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105072 | 5a3ea39b5a76c5001a3a83f2 | Palermo | The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and bega... | What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo? | What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo? | [
"What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15897 | 573423bed058e614000b69d3 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? | [
"When is microscopy exquisitely specific?"
] | {
"text": [
"when used in combination with antibody based techniques."
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104002 | 570b93a36b8089140040f9ae | Infrared | Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo... | What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking? | What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking? | [
"What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?"
] | {
"text": [
"heat-seekers"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31975 | 5726e54d5951b619008f81b1 | Myanmar | Armed conflict between ethnic Chinese rebels and the Myanmar Armed Forces have resulted in the Kokang offensive in February 2015. The conflict had forced 40,000 to 50,000 civilians to flee their homes and seek shelter on the Chinese side of the border. During the incident the government of China was accused of giving m... | What was the government of China accused of during the Kokang offensive ? | What was the government of China accused of during the Kokang offensive ? | [
"What was the government of China accused of during the Kokang offensive ?"
] | {
"text": [
"China was accused of giving military assistance to the ethnic Chinese rebels."
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84011 | 57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce03 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | What operations are results from not always completely reliable? | What operations are results from not always completely reliable? | [
"What operations are results from not always completely reliable?"
] | {
"text": [
"reverse-translation operations"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59014 | 5a2eec15a83784001a7d2575 | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | Who taught that a capella was the best form of whorship? | Who taught that a capella was the best form of whorship? | [
"Who taught that a capella was the best form of whorship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33852 | 5ad403fd604f3c001a3ffdb1 | Alaska | Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada)... | Which set of islands stop before the Eastern Hemisphere? | Which set of islands stop before the Eastern Hemisphere? | [
"Which set of islands stop before the Eastern Hemisphere?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1525 | 57316c1d05b4da19006bd128 | Mosaic | The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy, covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae. This huge work was executed between 1176 and 1186 by the order of King William II of Sicily. The iconography of the mosaics in the presbytery is similar to Cefalu whil... | Who commissioned the Monreale mosaics between 1176 and 1186? | Who commissioned the Monreale mosaics between 1176 and 1186? | [
"Who commissioned the Monreale mosaics between 1176 and 1186?"
] | {
"text": [
"King William II of Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15780 | 57341ab74776f4190066187f | Infection | Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of... | What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of? | What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of? | [
"What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of?"
] | {
"text": [
"host defenses"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49318 | 5727b2e53acd2414000dea18 | Tuberculosis | The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV. In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially t... | In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995? | In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995? | [
"In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79598 | 5731334105b4da19006bcea0 | Kievan_Rus%27 | An unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[citation needed] Familici... | What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented? | What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented? | [
"What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented?"
] | {
"text": [
"rota system"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78754 | 57309c8e2461fd1900a9cf0b | Greeks | As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year while t... | Are university educators from he Greek world working as professors and teachers in other countries ? | Are university educators from he Greek world working as professors and teachers in other countries ? | [
"Are university educators from he Greek world working as professors and teachers in other countries ?"
] | {
"text": [
"the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81864 | 5acfb66777cf76001a6859ec | Royal_assent | During the rule of the succeeding Hanoverian dynasty, power was gradually exercised more by parliament and the government. The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George... | George IV happily granted his assent on whose advice? | George IV happily granted his assent on whose advice? | [
"George IV happily granted his assent on whose advice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92586 | 573156ffe6313a140071ce3b | United_States_Air_Force | Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces. Some of these traditions range f... | What traditions does the US Air Force have? | What traditions does the US Air Force have? | [
"What traditions does the US Air Force have? "
] | {
"text": [
"\"Friday Name Tags\" in flying units"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111578 | 5acd72b107355d001abf42ba | Education | Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values ... | Who guides the students in an informal environment? | Who guides the students in an informal environment? | [
"Who guides the students in an informal environment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53915 | 5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4e0 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe? | Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe? | [
" Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40620 | 5ad50dc65b96ef001a10ab0c | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day? | In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day? | [
"In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16689 | 572a798abe1ee31400cb8021 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek also wrote that the state can play a role in the economy, and specifically, in creating a "safety net". He wrote, "There is no reason why, in a society which has reached the general level of wealth ours has, the first kind of security should not be guaranteed to all without endangering general freedom; that is: s... | Hayek believed the state could aid the economy by doing what? | Hayek believed the state could aid the economy by doing what? | [
"Hayek believed the state could aid the economy by doing what?"
] | {
"text": [
"creating a \"safety net\""
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10416 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f6a | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938? | Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938? | [
"Which comic book failed with its first superhero in 1938?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60312 | 5ace2c9b32bba1001ae49caa | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a ... | How many semesters does it take to complete a LLM in Taxation? | How many semesters does it take to complete a LLM in Taxation? | [
"How many semesters does it take to complete a LLM in Taxation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7139 | 5ad4f6815b96ef001a10a7cd | Red | In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlét... | What other sports teams wear all red jerseys? | What other sports teams wear all red jerseys? | [
"What other sports teams wear all red jerseys?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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