gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-51522 | 5705ea7975f01819005e775b | New_Delhi | The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residenc... | What organization developed land to expand New Delhi in the 1950s? | What organization developed land to expand New Delhi in the 1950s? | [
"What organization developed land to expand New Delhi in the 1950s?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Central Public Works Department"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-376 | 56f95a919b226e1400dd1391 | Marshall_Islands | In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28... | On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed? | On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed? | [
"On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 28, 1919"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39969 | 572a353c3f37b319004787b1 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Garry Trudeau, creator of the political Doonesbury comic strip, attended Yale University. There he met fellow student and later Green Party candidate for Congress Charles Pillsbury, a long-time New Haven resident for whom Trudeau's comic strip is named. During his college years, Pillsbury was known by the nickname "The... | Which past U.S. senator had lived in New Haven and graduated from Yale? | Which past U.S. senator had lived in New Haven and graduated from Yale? | [
"Which past U.S. senator had lived in New Haven and graduated from Yale?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joe Lieberman"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97991 | 56e073a47aa994140058e4e2 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water... | When it is burned what does hydrogen make? | When it is burned what does hydrogen make? | [
"When it is burned what does hydrogen make?"
] | {
"text": [
"water"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9886 | 572801f13acd2414000df207 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ... | What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians? | What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians? | [
"What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians?"
] | {
"text": [
"right of return"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102276 | 5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed2d | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | What does ETU-R stand for? | What does ETU-R stand for? | [
"What does ETU-R stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60009 | 5acfc3fb77cf76001a685dbc | Zhejiang | The predominant religions in Zhejiang are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 23.02% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 2.62% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 3.92% in 2004. The re... | What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Japanese folk religions and Taoist traditions? | What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Japanese folk religions and Taoist traditions? | [
"What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Japanese folk religions and Taoist traditions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42638 | 571015bea58dae1900cd6878 | Sexual_orientation | Using androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, "is needed to overcome immense difficulties in characterizing the sexu... | What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause? | What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause? | [
"What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause?"
] | {
"text": [
"confusion"
],
"answer_start": [
643
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22846 | 5735adcde853931400426ac3 | Kathmandu | Since then, tourism in Nepal has thrived; it is the country's most important industry.[citation needed] Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Kathmandu's religious sites such as P... | Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu? | Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu? | [
"Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hindu"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20628 | 56cfb7f9234ae51400d9bed8 | IPod | iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an unclutt... | The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable? | The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable? | [
"The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shuffle"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15946 | 5a8308fde60761001a2eb31e | Infection | Technologies based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method will become nearly ubiquitous gold standards of diagnostics of the near future, for several reasons. First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the human population have been... | What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future? | What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future? | [
"What be the silver standards of diagnostics in the distant future?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43528 | 5726c1e5f1498d1400e8ea61 | Korean_War | On 18 September, Stalin dispatched General H. M. Zakharov to Korea to advise Kim Il-sung to halt his offensive around the Pusan perimeter and to redeploy his forces to defend Seoul. Chinese commanders were not briefed on North Korean troop numbers or operational plans. As the overall commander of Chinese forces, Zhou E... | Why did Kim Il-Sung redeploy his military troops? | Why did Kim Il-Sung redeploy his military troops? | [
"Why did Kim Il-Sung redeploy his military troops?"
] | {
"text": [
"to defend Seoul"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65848 | 5719e19110f8ca1400304e83 | Seattle | Yet another boom began as the city emerged from the Great Recession. Amazon.com moved its headquarters from North Beacon Hill to South Lake Union and began a rapid expansion. For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center o... | What large company moved its headquarters to South Lake Union in Seattle? | What large company moved its headquarters to South Lake Union in Seattle? | [
"What large company moved its headquarters to South Lake Union in Seattle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amazon.com"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21275 | 56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb58 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic? | When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic? | [
"When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92370 | 5730cac0b7151e1900c01541 | United_States_Air_Force | Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of ac... | What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security? | What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security? | [
"What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security? "
] | {
"text": [
"deployment of nuclear strike capabilities"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31271 | 5a63b1657f3c80001a150b09 | Germans | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" deve... | What ethnicity emerged following the Middle Ages? | What ethnicity emerged following the Middle Ages? | [
"What ethnicity emerged following the Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110933 | 57280ee3ff5b5019007d9c02 | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange? | Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange? | [
" Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange?"
] | {
"text": [
"Évariste Galois"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10494 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa6 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevert... | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write? | What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write? | [
"What was thought to be only good for children and those who could not read or write?"
] | {
"text": [
"Comics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60983 | 57329fe2cc179a14009dab88 | Police | The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th ce... | Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'? | Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'? | [
"Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britannica 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71300 | 5727cc873acd2414000decac | Oklahoma | Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the... | How many states are on the Frontier Strip? | How many states are on the Frontier Strip? | [
"How many states are on the Frontier Strip?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68660 | 572edcc8cb0c0d14000f162d | Modern_history | The term "modern" was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times (ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo, meaning "just now). The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part b... | The term "modern" was derived from what Latin adverb? | The term "modern" was derived from what Latin adverb? | [
"The term \"modern\" was derived from what Latin adverb?"
] | {
"text": [
"modo"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62390 | 5728e6bc3acd2414000e0185 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consu... | Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq? | Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq? | [
"Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Howard Government"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28798 | 5ad35bb2604f3c001a3fde7f | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes... | Where is the Institute of Bertheim located? | Where is the Institute of Bertheim located? | [
"Where is the Institute of Bertheim located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107210 | 5736327a6c16ec1900b9298c | Hunting | Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determi... | What is carrying capacity determined by? | What is carrying capacity determined by? | [
"What is carrying capacity determined by?"
] | {
"text": [
"combination habitat and food availability"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11727 | 56fae1078f12f31900630224 | Somalis | There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet cafés, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' e... | What is another name for the city center of Dubai? | What is another name for the city center of Dubai? | [
"What is another name for the city center of Dubai?"
] | {
"text": [
"Deira"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20715 | 56cd687562d2951400fa6595 | IPod | On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions ... | HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases? | HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases? | [
"HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases?"
] | {
"text": [
"5%"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32336 | 5ad2d9a8d7d075001a42a475 | Antarctica | Melting of floating ice shelves (ice that originated on the land) does not in itself contribute much to sea-level rise (since the ice displaces only its own mass of water). However it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level. This effect is offset by snow fal... | What is the result of floating ice shelves melting from the land? | What is the result of floating ice shelves melting from the land? | [
"What is the result of floating ice shelves melting from the land?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78257 | 57278c79dd62a815002ea00c | Child_labour | International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progress... | When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass? | When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass? | [
"When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass?"
] | {
"text": [
"1924"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85948 | 573409114776f41900661761 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC.[citation needed] The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early ... | When was the Early Agricultural period? | When was the Early Agricultural period? | [
"When was the Early Agricultural period?"
] | {
"text": [
"1200 BC to AD 150"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80001 | 5706653e75f01819005e7b9b | MP3 | Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others. | What can lossless formats provide? | What can lossless formats provide? | [
"What can lossless formats provide?"
] | {
"text": [
"unaltered audio content"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76927 | 57265f3bf1498d1400e8dd89 | Dutch_language | Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of ... | What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions? | What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions? | [
"What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions?"
] | {
"text": [
"political boundaries"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35618 | 570a4d256d058f1900182d3f | Imperial_College_London | City and Guilds College was founded in 1876 from a meeting of 16 of the City of London's livery companies for the Advancement of Technical Education (CGLI), which aimed to improve the training of craftsmen, technicians, technologists, and engineers. The two main objectives were to create a Central Institution in London... | How many livery companies were in the meeting that founded the college? | How many livery companies were in the meeting that founded the college? | [
"How many livery companies were in the meeting that founded the college?"
] | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93206 | 5ad1904f645df0001a2d1f88 | Light-emitting_diode | A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conduct... | Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and darkness? | Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and darkness? | [
"Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and darkness?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112888 | 5a70c0118abb0b001a67615c | Xbox_360 | Since these problems surfaced, Microsoft has attempted to modify the console to improve its reliability. Modifications include a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components, the addition of dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges of the CPU and GPU as glue to prevent movement relative to the board during ... | Where was extra epoxy placed on the models before the S? | Where was extra epoxy placed on the models before the S? | [
"Where was extra epoxy placed on the models before the S?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111057 | 5a81e2e631013a001a334f6e | Group_(mathematics) | Symmetry groups are groups consisting of symmetries of given mathematical objects—be they of geometric nature, such as the introductory symmetry group of the square, or of algebraic nature, such as polynomial equations and their solutions. Conceptually, group theory can be thought of as the study of symmetry.t[›] Symme... | What makes the study of symmetries easier? | What makes the study of symmetries easier? | [
"What makes the study of symmetries easier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107900 | 5acfb96c77cf76001a685a97 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | Who never fought at the battle of Yarmouk? | Who never fought at the battle of Yarmouk? | [
"Who never fought at the battle of Yarmouk?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79171 | 5a8dc231df8bba001a0f9bd5 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Ele... | Where did Twilight Princess rank on Game Radar's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s? | Where did Twilight Princess rank on Game Radar's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s? | [
"Where did Twilight Princess rank on Game Radar's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37549 | 572812723acd2414000df3c6 | London | Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, overseen by the Mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC). The City of London has its own police force – the City of London Police. The British Transport Police are responsible for... | What area of London does the Metropolitan Police Service cover? | What area of London does the Metropolitan Police Service cover? | [
"What area of London does the Metropolitan Police Service cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greater London, with the exception of the City of London"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92668 | 5a6fd6dd8abb0b001a675fa2 | Alsace | The year 1789 brought the French Revolution and with it the first division of Alsace into the départements of Haut- and Bas-Rhin. Alsatians played an active role in the French Revolution. On 21 July 1789, after receiving news of the Storming of the Bastille in Paris, a crowd of people stormed the Strasbourg city hall, ... | What song did Philippe-Frederic de Dietrich compose? | What song did Philippe-Frederic de Dietrich compose? | [
"What song did Philippe-Frederic de Dietrich compose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64467 | 57333879d058e614000b578b | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking? | What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking? | [
"What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th highest"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111454 | 57320eef0fdd8d15006c6729 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The introduction of new or equivalent deities coincided with Rome's most significant aggressive and defensive military forays. In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC. The mystery cult to Bacchus follo... | What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC? | What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC? | [
"What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Magna Mater"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3264 | 5a5964413e1742001a15d0ca | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is the first example of genetic novelty? | What is the first example of genetic novelty? | [
"What is the first example of genetic novelty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65779 | 5728e2104b864d190016500f | Detroit | I-275 runs north–south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and I-696 in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit. I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway. I-696 (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, prov... | What is I-696 called? | What is I-696 called? | [
"What is I-696 called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reuther Freeway"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75735 | 5acfd45977cf76001a68624d | Cubism | The poets generally associated with Cubism are Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, André Salmon and Pierre Reverdy. As American poet Kenneth Rexroth explains, Cubism in poetry "is the conscious, deliberate dissociation and recombination of elements into a new artistic entity made self-suffi... | Who wrote Fifteen ways of Looking at Blackbird? | Who wrote Fifteen ways of Looking at Blackbird? | [
"Who wrote Fifteen ways of Looking at Blackbird?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86018 | 573421e94776f41900661907 | Tucson,_Arizona | Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and... | What is unusual about I-19? | What is unusual about I-19? | [
"What is unusual about I-19?"
] | {
"text": [
"the only Interstate highway that uses \"kilometer posts\" instead of \"mileposts\""
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10326 | 56de4520cffd8e1900b4b75a | Symbiosis | While historically, symbiosis has received less attention than other interactions such as predation or competition, it is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution, with many species having a long history of interdependent co-evolution. In fact, the evolution of all eukaryotes (plants, an... | What are eukaryotes? | What are eukaryotes? | [
"What are eukaryotes?"
] | {
"text": [
"plants, animals, fungi, and protists"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83708 | 5acd8c2507355d001abf46b0 | Florida | Florida's nickname is the "Sunshine State", but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. Florida has one of the highest average precipitation levels of any state... | What weather is uncommon in Florida? | What weather is uncommon in Florida? | [
"What weather is uncommon in Florida?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37961 | 5730077fb2c2fd1400568758 | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | Who had already held a large amount of magisterial offices? | Who had already held a large amount of magisterial offices? | [
"Who had already held a large amount of magisterial offices?"
] | {
"text": [
"plebeians"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113572 | 57061c5c52bb8914006898b9 | Immunology | Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body. | Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually? | Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually? | [
"Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually?"
] | {
"text": [
"not associated with any specific organ"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84055 | 5a7e341f70df9f001a875554 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | What was La Malinche not involved with? | What was La Malinche not involved with? | [
"What was La Malinche not involved with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74773 | 570e6d560b85d914000d7ed3 | Melbourne | Another recent environmental issue in Melbourne was the Victorian government project of channel deepening Melbourne Ports by dredging Port Phillip Bay—the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the di... | Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging? | Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging? | [
"Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68536 | 570acc2d4103511400d59a08 | Mesozoic | The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than to... | What is uncertain about the Cretaceous? | What is uncertain about the Cretaceous? | [
"What is uncertain about the Cretaceous?"
] | {
"text": [
"climate"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83303 | 5727c2c23acd2414000debea | Dominican_Order | The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St.... | Dominican mysticism also spread to what European country? | Dominican mysticism also spread to what European country? | [
"Dominican mysticism also spread to what European country?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32259 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed01b | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other? | Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other? | [
"Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?"
] | {
"text": [
"cetaceans"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111837 | 572771fcdd62a815002e9cfd | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather th... | Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied? | Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied? | [
"Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek philosopher Empedocles"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101283 | 5ad28416d7d075001a429866 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deporte... | How didn't these countries become part of the USSR? | How didn't these countries become part of the USSR? | [
"How didn't these countries become part of the USSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84360 | 5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f9 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however... | Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power? | Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power? | [
"Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30590 | 5ace2fda32bba1001ae49d35 | Appalachian_Mountains | The dominant northern and high elevation conifer is the red spruce (Picea rubens), which grows from near sea level to above 4,000 ft (1,200 m) above sea level (asl) in northern New England and southeastern Canada. It also grows southward along the Appalachian crest to the highest elevations of the southern Appalachians... | What is the asl height of the red spruce in the cold valleys? | What is the asl height of the red spruce in the cold valleys? | [
"What is the asl height of the red spruce in the cold valleys?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14384 | 572ef06703f9891900756af7 | Han_dynasty | The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different lev... | Who were rich enough to afford multiple lovers? | Who were rich enough to afford multiple lovers? | [
"Who were rich enough to afford multiple lovers?"
] | {
"text": [
"nobles and high officials"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57269 | 572ff2f6947a6a140053ce5c | Muslim_world | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. T... | In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin? | In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin? | [
"In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 1264 or shortly before"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62415 | 5728e8b43acd2414000e01ad | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now ... | Who was Turnbull elected to replace? | Who was Turnbull elected to replace? | [
"Who was Turnbull elected to replace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tony Abbott"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52033 | 5ad3810a604f3c001a3fe479 | Miami | During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami p... | What was the occupation of the African-American woman killed by Quigg? | What was the occupation of the African-American woman killed by Quigg? | [
"What was the occupation of the African-American woman killed by Quigg?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110902 | 5a81b6a631013a001a334dbd | Group_(mathematics) | Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie... | What encodes a symmetry group? | What encodes a symmetry group? | [
"What encodes a symmetry group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104781 | 57335c77d058e614000b5907 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as... | Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008? | Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008? | [
"Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"Michael Greenberger"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38704 | 570c4b09fed7b91900d4584e | FC_Barcelona | FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club p... | What was the first cup Barcelona won? | What was the first cup Barcelona won? | [
"What was the first cup Barcelona won?"
] | {
"text": [
"Copa Macaya"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87742 | 5a692afc8476ee001a58ab43 | IBM | IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail... | What kind of companies does Pennies search for to partner with? | What kind of companies does Pennies search for to partner with? | [
"What kind of companies does Pennies search for to partner with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78224 | 57278262dd62a815002e9f1e | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | Who were the victims of industrial accidents? | Who were the victims of industrial accidents? | [
"Who were the victims of industrial accidents?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boys and girls"
],
"answer_start": [
1065
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7400 | 5a13b059c8eab200188dca09 | Georgian_architecture | In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the... | When did John Ostell build the Grange? | When did John Ostell build the Grange? | [
"When did John Ostell build the Grange?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68422 | 57281cf44b864d19001644b7 | George_VI | The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received... | Who was George's predecessor? | Who was George's predecessor? | [
"Who was George's predecessor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Edward VIII"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63501 | 57261935ec44d21400f3d8cd | Buckingham_Palace | At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. ... | The Principle Corridor has which type of doors? | The Principle Corridor has which type of doors? | [
"The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?"
] | {
"text": [
"mirrored doors"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24259 | 5ad41d22604f3c001a4005b9 | Bermuda | The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late... | Whose husband was Evan Johns? | Whose husband was Evan Johns? | [
"Whose husband was Evan Johns?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54225 | 5ad3ecf4604f3c001a3ff795 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Approximately 26,000 citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women, trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief... | Who won't command the reserves? | Who won't command the reserves? | [
"Who won't command the reserves?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56396 | 5727951d708984140094e185 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine... | What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families? | What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families? | [
"What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Way"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18022 | 5a10dee906e79900185c343c | Internet_service_provider | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP? | What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP? | [
"What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114906 | 5a7e05ef70df9f001a875426 | Matter | These quarks and leptons interact through four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The Standard Model of particle physics is currently the best explanation for all of physics, but despite decades of efforts, gravity cannot yet be accounted for at the quantum level;... | What model satisfactorily explains gravity? | What model satisfactorily explains gravity? | [
"What model satisfactorily explains gravity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3810 | 56bfa087a10cfb14005511dd | Beyoncé | On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy. | How many nights did she perform at Atlantic City? | How many nights did she perform at Atlantic City? | [
"How many nights did she perform at Atlantic City?"
] | {
"text": [
"four nights"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65381 | 57271173dd62a815002e98a0 | Crimean_War | 1855: Georgian coast: Omar Pasha, the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia, but the western powers vetoed it. When they relented in August most of the campaigning season was lost. In September 8000 Turks landed at Batum, but the main concentration was at Sukhum Kale. This required a 100-mile m... | When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus? | When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus? | [
"When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sukhum Kale"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37272 | 57279eac3acd2414000de80a | Switzerland | Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods, scientific and precision measuring instruments and musical instruments. The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/ele... | What accounts for 16.9% of Switzerland's exported goods? | What accounts for 16.9% of Switzerland's exported goods? | [
"What accounts for 16.9% of Switzerland's exported goods?"
] | {
"text": [
"precision instruments/watches"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18303 | 5ad0d964645df0001a2d06ba | Eritrea | Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). ... | What instrument did Abraham Afewerki play? | What instrument did Abraham Afewerki play? | [
"What instrument did Abraham Afewerki play?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73241 | 56db1ae3e7c41114004b4d1f | American_Idol | In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven". Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S.... | When was the winner declared? | When was the winner declared? | [
"When was the winner declared?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99857 | 56fb9117b28b3419009f1e36 | Middle_Ages | The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist. This further distanced the secular laity from the clergy. The laity continued the practices of pilgrimages, veneration of relics, and belief in the power of the... | In what year did the Church condemn witches? | In what year did the Church condemn witches? | [
"In what year did the Church condemn witches?"
] | {
"text": [
"1484"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96233 | 5728d7cc2ca10214002da934 | Paris | Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to gove... | What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860? | What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860? | [
"What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30233 | 5726b298f1498d1400e8e7d2 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is... | What borders South Raleigh to the west? | What borders South Raleigh to the west? | [
"What borders South Raleigh to the west?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cary,"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101636 | 56d5f6b21c85041400946e64 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what? | Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what? | [
"Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"behaviors."
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90029 | 5726a91c5951b619008f7962 | Somerset | Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including leg... | What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for | What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for | [
"What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for "
] | {
"text": [
"Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65519 | 5727c20e2ca10214002d9585 | Detroit | In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problemat... | What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system? | What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system? | [
"What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Detroit People Mover"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41343 | 56d4fe332ccc5a1400d833e8 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 m... | What was the magnitude of the earthquake? | What was the magnitude of the earthquake? | [
"What was the magnitude of the earthquake?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68022 | 5730299db2c2fd14005689a9 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ... | What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves? | What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves? | [
"What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves?"
] | {
"text": [
"Haitian Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28825 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe19b | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What causes Gerhard? | What causes Gerhard? | [
"What causes Gerhard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36789 | 5a84a37a7cf838001a46a9ed | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consult... | Where can the House Office Building Commission appoint individuals to? | Where can the House Office Building Commission appoint individuals to? | [
"Where can the House Office Building Commission appoint individuals to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75864 | 5706064f75f01819005e78a0 | The_Times | The Times's main supplement, every day, is the times2, featuring various lifestyle columns. It was discontinued on 1 March 2010 but reintroduced on 11 October 2010 after negative feedback. Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which ... | What is the name of the sudoku game in The Times? | What is the name of the sudoku game in The Times? | [
"What is the name of the sudoku game in The Times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Killer Sudoku"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51600 | 57068e4552bb891400689a56 | New_Delhi | New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New De... | What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system? | What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system? | [
"What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8659 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e637 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ... | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed? | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed? | [
"When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 3, 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71699 | 56f8f7ba9b226e1400dd120c | Near_East | Apparently the sailor did not connect with the soldier, as Mahan believed he was innovating the term Middle East. It was, however, already there to be seen. | Who did not connect with the soldier? | Who did not connect with the soldier? | [
"Who did not connect with the soldier?"
] | {
"text": [
"the sailor"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43305 | 572663915951b619008f7135 | Poultry | Dark meat, which avian myologists refer to as "red muscle", is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activi... | Are there reasons for the dark meat that poultry has? | Are there reasons for the dark meat that poultry has? | [
"Are there reasons for the dark meat that poultry has?"
] | {
"text": [
"The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70782 | 57311ee005b4da19006bcdb8 | Bird | The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar a... | What consists of very lightweight bones? | What consists of very lightweight bones? | [
"What consists of very lightweight bones?"
] | {
"text": [
"The skeleton"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46004 | 57323e44e17f3d1400422783 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a maj... | When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery? | When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery? | [
"When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 1917,"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60380 | 5ace33f332bba1001ae49e0a | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | During fiscal year 2007, $537.5 million was received in total research support, including $444 million in federal obligations. The University has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, U... | How much in federal obligations was spent in total research support in fiscal year 2007? | How much in federal obligations was spent in total research support in fiscal year 2007? | [
"How much in federal obligations was spent in total research support in fiscal year 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61473 | 572f51f5a23a5019007fc538 | Flowering_plant | Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wh... | What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to? | What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to? | [
"What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Solanaceae"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31567 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d84 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks? | In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks? | [
"In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gotha G.V bombers"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
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