gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-73053 | 56daf26ae7c41114004b4b5b | American_Idol | Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s... | Who were the guest judges in season two? | Who were the guest judges in season two? | [
"Who were the guest judges in season two?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42519 | 570ffd0ea58dae1900cd67b7 | Sexual_orientation | Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation throug... | What is the general idea regading these scales that are used? | What is the general idea regading these scales that are used? | [
"What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?"
] | {
"text": [
"assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation."
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9868 | 5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth... | Who assumed total control of Egypt? | Who assumed total control of Egypt? | [
"Who assumed total control of Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15054 | 5ad3dca0604f3c001a3ff410 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o... | What prominent business professor has not been heavily influenced by Whitehead? | What prominent business professor has not been heavily influenced by Whitehead? | [
"What prominent business professor has not been heavily influenced by Whitehead?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92770 | 5a6fe4268abb0b001a67601d | Alsace | During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended b... | What years did the Francization campaign run? | What years did the Francization campaign run? | [
"What years did the Francization campaign run?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38024 | 57301d28b2c2fd14005688aa | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius? | What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius? | [
"What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius?"
] | {
"text": [
"sacrilege case"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111975 | 5727b7e24b864d1900163b53 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | His answer was that in many cases animals exist with intermediate structures that are functional. He presented flying squirrels, and flying lemurs as examples of how bats might have evolved from non-flying ancestors. He discussed various simple eyes found in invertebrates, starting with nothing more than an optic nerve... | What example did Darwin give of eyes evolving? | What example did Darwin give of eyes evolving? | [
"What example did Darwin give of eyes evolving?"
] | {
"text": [
"simple eyes found in invertebrates, starting with nothing more than an optic nerve coated with pigment"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98510 | 57266134dd62a815002e8320 | Marvel_Comics | Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his... | Who originally founded Marvel Comics? | Who originally founded Marvel Comics? | [
"Who originally founded Marvel Comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Martin Goodman"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73520 | 56d3827a59d6e414001465bf | American_Idol | The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges. Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions. Randy Jackso... | What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season? | What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season? | [
"What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season?"
] | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-637 | 56df5e858bc80c19004e4b40 | Plymouth | The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges... | In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building? | In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building? | [
"In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101018 | 5a5e5ad15bc9f4001a75af27 | Hindu_philosophy | The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-... | What represented the lack of knowledge-centered study? | What represented the lack of knowledge-centered study? | [
"What represented the lack of knowledge-centered study?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36711 | 5a848dab7cf838001a46a920 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enuncia... | What is majority leader supposed to defend for the majority? | What is majority leader supposed to defend for the majority? | [
"What is majority leader supposed to defend for the majority?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114972 | 5a6b06d9a9e0c9001a4e9e76 | Wayback_Machine | After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation. | When did Kaplan make comments about the status of Open Directory sites? | When did Kaplan make comments about the status of Open Directory sites? | [
"When did Kaplan make comments about the status of Open Directory sites?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97223 | 56cbedde6d243a140015edf2 | Frédéric_Chopin | Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completi... | What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin? | What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin? | [
"What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Souvenir de Paganini"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89392 | 5a14d437a54d42001852936a | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | What five countries are referred to as middle powers? | What five countries are referred to as middle powers? | [
"What five countries are referred to as middle powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67988 | 5730261da23a5019007fce6d | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran... | What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution? | What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution? | [
"What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Siege of Charles Towne"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110766 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d133 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? | [
"In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? "
] | {
"text": [
"38 °C (100.4 °F)"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64069 | 5ace86bc32bba1001ae4a976 | Annelid | However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of th... | What type of tissue eats most of the body of a leech? | What type of tissue eats most of the body of a leech? | [
"What type of tissue eats most of the body of a leech?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70300 | 5a2c47ecbfd06b001a5aeac8 | Neoclassical_architecture | In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ... | What other area besides England experienced a strong Gothic revival? | What other area besides England experienced a strong Gothic revival? | [
"What other area besides England experienced a strong Gothic revival?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106422 | 572603a289a1e219009ac152 | Hellenistic_period | The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule ... | The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? | The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? | [
"The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Interpretatio graeca"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55419 | 5acfbb4977cf76001a685af9 | Presbyterianism | The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians... | Which Reformation took place during the 17th century? | Which Reformation took place during the 17th century? | [
"Which Reformation took place during the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83525 | 5ad2650ed7d075001a42918f | Dominican_Order | As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to... | What country in Asia was the priory of Poissy located? | What country in Asia was the priory of Poissy located? | [
"What country in Asia was the priory of Poissy located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21522 | 5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63c | Sumer | By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo... | How many people lived in the cities? | How many people lived in the cities? | [
"How many people lived in the cities?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107598 | 57263dd1ec44d21400f3dc96 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska. Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the ... | How many countries did the group of Greenpeace activists represent? | How many countries did the group of Greenpeace activists represent? | [
"How many countries did the group of Greenpeace activists represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114062 | 572a21741d046914007797c4 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Einstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its other defining characteristics, such as v... | How Einstein's theory compared to Leibniz's? | How Einstein's theory compared to Leibniz's? | [
"How Einstein's theory compared to Leibniz's?"
] | {
"text": [
"contrary"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86893 | 5a8ca215fd22b3001a8d8c4f | Biodiversity | The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old... | What era contains the earliest undisputed evidence of rocks on Earth? | What era contains the earliest undisputed evidence of rocks on Earth? | [
"What era contains the earliest undisputed evidence of rocks on Earth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60483 | 5ace1e7832bba1001ae49b35 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjace... | What year was Ann Arbor listed as one of the most liveable cities by CNNMoney.com? | What year was Ann Arbor listed as one of the most liveable cities by CNNMoney.com? | [
"What year was Ann Arbor listed as one of the most liveable cities by CNNMoney.com?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31263 | 57264a9f708984140094c197 | Germans | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" deve... | When was the Title King of the Germans first used? | When was the Title King of the Germans first used? | [
"When was the Title King of the Germans first used?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 11th century"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97517 | 56cfe6cf234ae51400d9c03f | Frédéric_Chopin | In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street, where the firm of Broadwood provided him with a grand piano. At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's techniq... | What date did he perform with Viardot? | What date did he perform with Viardot? | [
"What date did he perform with Viardot?"
] | {
"text": [
"7 July"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30672 | 57265a65708984140094c371 | Mexico_City | After years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997. Ever since, the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) has controlled both of them. In recent yea... | How are officials elected to the legislature? | How are officials elected to the legislature? | [
"How are officials elected to the legislature? "
] | {
"text": [
"popular vote"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84290 | 5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58e | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ... | Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment? | Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment? | [
"Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76489 | 573376314776f41900660b32 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wir... | When did the british army invade the island? | When did the british army invade the island? | [
"When did the british army invade the island?"
] | {
"text": [
"1773"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90858 | 57324709e17f3d14004227bd | Pacific_War | Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their... | What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa? | What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa? | [
"What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?"
] | {
"text": [
"94"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12242 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b4 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ... | What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | [
"What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17688 | 56cde39b62d2951400fa697c | Spectre_(2015_film) | Filming temporarily returned to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, which stood in for a location in Rome, before moving on to the city itself for a five-week shoot across the city, with locations including the Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum. The production faced opposition from a variety... | What are two landmarks in Rome used in filming Spectre? | What are two landmarks in Rome used in filming Spectre? | [
"What are two landmarks in Rome used in filming Spectre?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73979 | 56e4731e8c00841900fbaf95 | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional? | What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional? | [
"What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?"
] | {
"text": [
"string courses or rustication"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31223 | 5726431a38643c19005ad3c4 | Germans | Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire... | In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? | In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? | [
"In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? "
] | {
"text": [
"12 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11023 | 5733b177d058e614000b607a | Anthropology | Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of... | What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? | What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? | [
"What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate?"
] | {
"text": [
"reductionism in cross-cultural comparison"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74368 | 571b1d449499d21900609c13 | Asphalt | The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walte... | When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen? | When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen? | [
"When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?"
] | {
"text": [
"1834"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101292 | 5726da10dd62a815002e929c | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regiona... | Who were the “intelligentia?” | Who were the “intelligentia?” | [
"Who were the “intelligentia?” "
] | {
"text": [
"Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92440 | 5730e777aca1c71400fe5b49 | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlis... | Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? | Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? | [
"Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? "
] | {
"text": [
"President Harry S Truman"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38112 | 5730426f04bcaa1900d77431 | Roman_Republic | The assembly of the tribes (i.e. the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure ... | Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune? | Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune? | [
"Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune?"
] | {
"text": [
"a plebeian"
],
"answer_start": [
746
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19620 | 56dc7c3114d3a41400c268f0 | Comprehensive_school | The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Stud... | what was Anthony Crosland's role in government? | what was Anthony Crosland's role in government? | [
"what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Secretary of State for Education"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114383 | 5726d0525951b619008f7ecb | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus". Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights. In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al ... | Which Sun columnist made controversial remarks about migrants to Britain in April 2015? | Which Sun columnist made controversial remarks about migrants to Britain in April 2015? | [
"Which Sun columnist made controversial remarks about migrants to Britain in April 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"Katie Hopkins"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60782 | 570b057a6b8089140040f6ee | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1? | When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1? | [
"When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?"
] | {
"text": [
"1752"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15905 | 57342435d058e614000b69e5 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | Why do cells easily stain with dyes? | Why do cells easily stain with dyes? | [
"Why do cells easily stain with dyes?"
] | {
"text": [
"electrostatic attraction"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69454 | 570a9c204103511400d59891 | Houston | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi... | How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product? | How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product? | [
"How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product?"
] | {
"text": [
"26.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9523 | 5725bcb089a1e219009abdb1 | Montevideo | After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilit... | What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires? | What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires? | [
"What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?"
] | {
"text": [
"1866"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63330 | 57260e0d89a1e219009ac1a2 | Buckingham_Palace | In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site c... | Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster? | Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster? | [
"Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?"
] | {
"text": [
"Geoffrey de Mandeville"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28137 | 5ad4bd015b96ef001a109ea6 | Steven_Spielberg | His next directorial feature was the Raiders prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Teaming up once again with Lucas and Ford, the film was plagued with uncertainty for the material and script. This film and the Spielberg-produced Gremlins led to the creation of the PG-13 rating due to the high level of violence... | What rating did Gremlins get? | What rating did Gremlins get? | [
"What rating did Gremlins get?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4385 | 56ddfdffcffd8e1900b4b55a | Institute_of_technology | There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds other institute that owned by private or other institutions. | How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have? | How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have? | [
"How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94636 | 5726cb6e708984140094d185 | Queen_(band) | On 20 May 2009, May and Taylor performed "We Are the Champions" live on the season finale of American Idol with winner Kris Allen and runner-up Adam Lambert providing a vocal duet. In mid-2009, after the split of Queen + Paul Rodgers, the Queen online website announced a new greatest hits compilation named Absolute Gre... | Which two American idol contestants performed a duet with Queen on American Idol? | Which two American idol contestants performed a duet with Queen on American Idol? | [
"Which two American idol contestants performed a duet with Queen on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"winner Kris Allen and runner-up Adam Lambert"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33356 | 57264f1c5951b619008f6f82 | Incandescent_light_bulb | In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandes... | How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison? | How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison? | [
"How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison?"
] | {
"text": [
"22"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13591 | 570cf442fed7b91900d45b75 | Digestion | In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continu... | Where does absorption occur? | Where does absorption occur? | [
"Where does absorption occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57730 | 5ad231b7d7d075001a428729 | Quran | The first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the students of A... | Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 11th century? | Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 11th century? | [
"Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 11th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46054 | 5ad3be53604f3c001a3fef43 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members excee... | How many Witnesses were there in the United States in 1966? | How many Witnesses were there in the United States in 1966? | [
"How many Witnesses were there in the United States in 1966?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90806 | 57323af4b9d445190005e8fb | Pacific_War | The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's forc... | How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with? | How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with? | [
"How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27008 | 57097eaced30961900e84219 | Orthodox_Judaism | Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho... | What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism? | What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism? | [
"What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Torah"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83949 | 5a7e154070df9f001a87549e | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | Where was the concept of parallel creation lost? | Where was the concept of parallel creation lost? | [
"Where was the concept of parallel creation lost?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29383 | 5a56727b6349e2001acdcd61 | Swaziland | In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong... | What has been debated since the 1970's? | What has been debated since the 1970's? | [
"What has been debated since the 1970's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106427 | 5726050338643c19005acf5a | Hellenistic_period | It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures desi... | Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture? | Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture? | [
"Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persian"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62287 | 5a6a5958a9e0c9001a4e9d72 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia... | What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister? | What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister? | [
"What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81540 | 57267cb7dd62a815002e86ee | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was... | Who replaced Gladstone? | Who replaced Gladstone? | [
"Who replaced Gladstone?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Salisbury"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77843 | 5acd4d2c07355d001abf3c71 | Strasbourg | The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrate... | In what year were the Legio XIV Gemina Roman Legions first stationed in Argentoratum? | In what year were the Legio XIV Gemina Roman Legions first stationed in Argentoratum? | [
"In what year were the Legio XIV Gemina Roman Legions first stationed in Argentoratum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23930 | 5acfc07077cf76001a685c90 | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | Where can't the elements of federalism can be found? | Where can't the elements of federalism can be found? | [
"Where can't the elements of federalism can be found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60351 | 5ace311b32bba1001ae49d61 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The school has many nationally and internationally acclaimed scholars in social security, health care, health disparities, communication, social and health policy, and individual and family development. Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health. The school's current dean is Edward F. Lawlo... | How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for mental health issues? | How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for mental health issues? | [
"How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for mental health issues?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43507 | 5726bbb5f1498d1400e8e958 | Korean_War | In the resulting Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August–September 1950), the U.S. Army withstood KPA attacks meant to capture the city at the Naktong Bulge, P'ohang-dong, and Taegu. The United States Air Force (USAF) interrupted KPA logistics with 40 daily ground support sorties that destroyed 32 bridges, halting most dayti... | Which army was trying to capture Teague and the Naktong Bulge? | Which army was trying to capture Teague and the Naktong Bulge? | [
"Which army was trying to capture Teague and the Naktong Bulge?"
] | {
"text": [
"KPA"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67126 | 57270149708984140094d857 | Nutrition | Studies of nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all material excreted and eliminated from the body (in urine and feces). Comparing the food to the waste can help determine the specific compounds and ele... | Other than time consuming, what else are nutritional studies due to their length and variable count? | Other than time consuming, what else are nutritional studies due to their length and variable count? | [
"Other than time consuming, what else are nutritional studies due to their length and variable count?"
] | {
"text": [
"expensive"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92291 | 5728cf512ca10214002da864 | Asthma | The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication.... | Who recoomends immunizations? | Who recoomends immunizations? | [
"Who recoomends immunizations?"
] | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
880
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72391 | 57266556f1498d1400e8de3b | Greece | Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Michael Derto... | Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon? | Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon? | [
"Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manolis Andronikos"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9520 | 5725bcb089a1e219009abdae | Montevideo | After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilit... | What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo? | What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo? | [
"What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?"
] | {
"text": [
"1853"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115521 | 570888bf9928a814004714db | England_national_football_team | Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra... | What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits? | What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits? | [
"What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits?"
] | {
"text": [
"red"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4194 | 56bfda91a10cfb1400551337 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the ... | When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments? | When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments? | [
"When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44977 | 5ace2bc932bba1001ae49c83 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company... | Columbia founded Daring Records in what year? | Columbia founded Daring Records in what year? | [
"Columbia founded Daring Records in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24880 | 56cfe9c0234ae51400d9c09f | New_York_City | Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while ... | What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country? | What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country? | [
"What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country?"
] | {
"text": [
"37"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75092 | 572ef20ecb0c0d14000f1697 | Elevator | Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007... | This decision reflected a revision of what? | This decision reflected a revision of what? | [
"This decision reflected a revision of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ASME A17.1"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47806 | 572697b35951b619008f7775 | Napoleon | Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with Fr... | Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world? | Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world? | [
"Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Middle East"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44516 | 57071ad490286e26004fc912 | Chihuahua_(state) | The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas... | Which U.S. state borders to the northeast? | Which U.S. state borders to the northeast? | [
"Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67808 | 572e8700cb0c0d14000f1252 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca... | What is the oldest city in South Carolina? | What is the oldest city in South Carolina? | [
"What is the oldest city in South Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charleston"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74705 | 570e58ee0dc6ce1900204f79 | Melbourne | In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victo... | How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia? | How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia? | [
"How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"second largest"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15231 | 572f9c93b2c2fd140056824f | Hyderabad | Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migr... | The festival of Diwali is a tradition of what faith? | The festival of Diwali is a tradition of what faith? | [
"The festival of Diwali is a tradition of what faith?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hindu"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49943 | 56ce43ebaab44d1400b88635 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | [
"In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the fifth Dalai Lama"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100695 | 572e918dcb0c0d14000f12c7 | Post-punk | The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Grist... | What type of producer was Martin Hannett? | What type of producer was Martin Hannett? | [
"What type of producer was Martin Hannett?"
] | {
"text": [
"post-punk"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31955 | 5726a6b4f1498d1400e8e623 | Myanmar | In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restor... | Who lead the government coup in 1988 ? | Who lead the government coup in 1988 ? | [
"Who lead the government coup in 1988 ?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Saw Maung"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113989 | 5a42b2484a4859001aac72b1 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | Who published Critique of Pure Reason in the 17th century? | Who published Critique of Pure Reason in the 17th century? | [
"Who published Critique of Pure Reason in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52896 | 5727af4f3acd2414000de99b | Political_party | Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n... | What is the color red associated with? | What is the color red associated with? | [
"What is the color red associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"right-wing Republican Party"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2449 | 56d20db9e7d4791d00902637 | Buddhism | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant? | The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant? | [
"The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brahminic"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23761 | 5728384dff5b5019007d9f4f | Federalism | Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national governmen... | How has the American government evolved? | How has the American government evolved? | [
"How has the American government evolved?"
] | {
"text": [
"American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism."
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52185 | 5ad3903d604f3c001a3fe64b | Miami | Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additi... | What is Florida's busiest seaport? | What is Florida's busiest seaport? | [
"What is Florida's busiest seaport?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54780 | 5ad55f655b96ef001a10acf8 | Macintosh | In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been "late to the party" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a "digital hub" that linked and enable... | When did Microsoft begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives? | When did Microsoft begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives? | [
"When did Microsoft begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30880 | 572694255951b619008f7742 | Mexico_City | The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insu... | When did Metrobus begin services? | When did Metrobus begin services? | [
"When did Metrobus begin services?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52466 | 5a3ab0eb3ff257001ab841f6 | Planck_constant | In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier. It is well known that hot objects glow, and that hotter objects glow brighter than cooler ones. The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass ... | What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal differences? | What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal differences? | [
"What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal differences?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73582 | 56db401ae7c41114004b4fac | American_Idol | Voting results have been a consistent source of controversy. The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms, most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote, and in season eight, when the massive increase in text votes (100 million more text votes than season 7) fueled t... | Which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes? | Which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes? | [
"Which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes?"
] | {
"text": [
"season eight"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6607 | 5728304b2ca10214002da028 | PlayStation_3 | What's New was announced at Gamescom 2009 and was released on September 1, 2009, with PlayStation 3 system software 3.0. The feature was to replace the existing [Information Board], which displayed news from the PlayStation website associated with the user's region. The concept was developed further into a major PlaySt... | What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2009? | What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2009? | [
"What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"What's New"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38826 | 570c9785b3d812140066d23e | FC_Barcelona | Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, his former national teammate. Following Enrique's arrival, Barcelona broke their transfer record when they paid Liverpool F.C. betwe... | Why was Saurez not playing for four months? | Why was Saurez not playing for four months? | [
"Why was Saurez not playing for four months?"
] | {
"text": [
"ban from all football"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20707 | 56cd67e662d2951400fa6586 | IPod | Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increas... | How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007? | How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007? | [
"How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"72.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14203 | 56f98aa59e9bad19000a0a79 | Brain | Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices. Thousands of experimentally developed drugs affect the nervous system, some in highly specific ways. Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glue... | What do neurophysiologists study? | What do neurophysiologists study? | [
"What do neurophysiologists study?"
] | {
"text": [
"the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2907 | 5acd95c207355d001abf479f | British_Isles | The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) a... | The Insular Travellers languages of the Goidelic subgroup, along with what other sub group are the only Celtic languages remaining? | The Insular Travellers languages of the Goidelic subgroup, along with what other sub group are the only Celtic languages remaining? | [
"The Insular Travellers languages of the Goidelic subgroup, along with what other sub group are the only Celtic languages remaining?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104532 | 5ad2385dd7d075001a428833 | Mandolin | The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their s... | What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin? | What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin? | [
" What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77319 | 57320ae8e17f3d1400422605 | Armenians | The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with G... | Who invented the Armenian alphabet? | Who invented the Armenian alphabet? | [
"Who invented the Armenian alphabet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mesrop Mashtots"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
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