gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-49820 | 56cd6e9062d2951400fa65ad | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations, while the Ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in Tibet between competing Buddhist factions. Wylie argues that Mi... | Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by? | Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by? | [
"Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Phagmodru myriarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85731 | 57111fd3b654c5140001fb80 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts... | What is the standard color of all other cartridges? | What is the standard color of all other cartridges? | [
"What is the standard color of all other cartridges?"
] | {
"text": [
"gray"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107179 | 57361c8f012e2f140011a1b2 | Hunting | When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair... | When was this type of hunting introduced? | When was this type of hunting introduced? | [
"When was this type of hunting introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55087 | 5a397a692f14dd001ac7238e | Everton_F.C. | Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was i... | In what year did Everton have its first caretaker manager? | In what year did Everton have its first caretaker manager? | [
"In what year did Everton have its first caretaker manager?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23719 | 572835953acd2414000df703 | Federalism | However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (except for the Basque ... | How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy? | How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy? | [
"How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements."
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102315 | 56fa7909f34c681400b0c0ce | High-definition_television | HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of... | When did the first public HDTV broadcast happen in the US? | When did the first public HDTV broadcast happen in the US? | [
"When did the first public HDTV broadcast happen in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 23, 1996"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51495 | 5705e3cd52bb891400689664 | New_Delhi | Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the... | In what part of India is Delhi located? | In what part of India is Delhi located? | [
"In what part of India is Delhi located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the centre of northern India"
],
"answer_start": [
527
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83022 | 56de83454396321400ee29ba | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a ... | How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest? | How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest? | [
"How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59079 | 5a2ef31fa83784001a7d25cd | A_cappella | The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachuse... | What Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at? | What Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at? | [
"What Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95920 | 5a1dda5b4ea40d0018b06fcf | Hokkien | In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of... | What did Wang Shenzhi do in China in 677? | What did Wang Shenzhi do in China in 677? | [
"What did Wang Shenzhi do in China in 677?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36460 | 5730ba5c8ab72b1400f9c714 | Immaculate_Conception | The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal concepti... | Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ? | Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ? | [
"Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ?"
] | {
"text": [
"doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107457 | 5a62458bf8d794001af1bf0d | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Shell's primary business is the management of a vertically integrated oil company. The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketi... | What did self-supporting units provide for the company? | What did self-supporting units provide for the company? | [
"What did self-supporting units provide for the company?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48492 | 5a8392a5e60761001a2eb7e3 | War_on_Terror | The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, org... | What is UAMF also known as? | What is UAMF also known as? | [
"What is UAMF also known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29924 | 5a54f415134fea001a0e177a | CBC_Television | Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers. This was r... | What company was purchased by the CBC in order to air the National Hockey League? | What company was purchased by the CBC in order to air the National Hockey League? | [
"What company was purchased by the CBC in order to air the National Hockey League?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111636 | 5acd77a607355d001abf439a | Education | While considered "alternative" today, most alternative systems have existed since ancient times. After the public school system was widely developed beginning in the 19th century, some parents found reasons to be discontented with the new system. Alternative education developed in part as a reaction to perceived limita... | What hasn't gained importance in public education? | What hasn't gained importance in public education? | [
"What hasn't gained importance in public education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38526 | 56dee9483277331400b4d7f7 | Materialism | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actualit... | Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what? | Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what? | [
"Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?"
] | {
"text": [
"things"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82584 | 56e78bd100c9c71400d77285 | Daylight_saving_time | The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ... | In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time? | In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time? | [
"In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pacific Daylight Time"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8894 | 572831634b864d19001646d7 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | [
"How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93719 | 5728c8262ca10214002da7b7 | Estonia | In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch... | What area of commerce did Estonia need to expand? | What area of commerce did Estonia need to expand? | [
"What area of commerce did Estonia need to expand?"
] | {
"text": [
"export-generating industries"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69425 | 570a95c96d058f1900182fcc | Houston | During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average ov... | How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 90 degrees? | How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 90 degrees? | [
"How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 90 degrees?"
] | {
"text": [
"106.5"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7990 | 5726d65cdd62a815002e91e9 | Copyright_infringement | In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to a... | In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal? | In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal? | [
"In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2884 | 57302564b2c2fd140056895b | British_Isles | The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. ... | How many people live in the area of London? | How many people live in the area of London? | [
"How many people live in the area of London?"
] | {
"text": [
"9 million"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63793 | 5727d9dc2ca10214002d980c | USB | The newer micro-USB receptacles are designed for a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion and removal between the receptacle and plug, compared to 1,500 for the standard USB and 5,000 for the mini-USB receptacle. Features intended to accomplish include, a locking device was added and the leaf-spring was m... | After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where? | After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where? | [
"After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where?"
] | {
"text": [
"on the cable side of the connection"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80237 | 5726def05951b619008f80d3 | Samoa | Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 20... | In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup? | In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup? | [
"In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup?"
] | {
"text": [
"1999"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14766 | 5730991d2461fd1900a9ceee | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blo... | What concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements? | What concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements? | [
"What concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements?"
] | {
"text": [
"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\""
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107995 | 56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaedc | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | When were the Kallamaa prayers written? | When were the Kallamaa prayers written? | [
"When were the Kallamaa prayers written?"
] | {
"text": [
"1524 and 1528"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82641 | 56e7b00300c9c71400d774eb | Daylight_saving_time | Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ... | What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment? | What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment? | [
"What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?"
] | {
"text": [
"1971"
],
"answer_start": [
691
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105572 | 5a5505bb134fea001a0e1802 | Communications_in_Somalia | The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ... | How many radio stations does the southeastern region have? | How many radio stations does the southeastern region have? | [
"How many radio stations does the southeastern region have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54579 | 570cf06efed7b91900d45b1c | Macintosh | Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, thi... | Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs? | Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs? | [
"Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?"
] | {
"text": [
"EFI"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69167 | 5ad41f4e604f3c001a400699 | Houston | In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-fl... | What is the tallest building outside of Houston? | What is the tallest building outside of Houston? | [
" What is the tallest building outside of Houston?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90459 | 5ad00a9c77cf76001a6867db | Tibet | Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 162... | What was established in 1662? | What was established in 1662? | [
"What was established in 1662?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55932 | 56e7969700c9c71400d77315 | Arena_Football_League | For its 2015 season, the league consisted of 12 teams, all from the United States; however, upon the completion of the regular season, the league announced that the two teams it had assumed operation of during the season would cease all operations effective immediately; a regular season game slated between the two had ... | How many teams played in the Arena Football League in the 2015 season? | How many teams played in the Arena Football League in the 2015 season? | [
"How many teams played in the Arena Football League in the 2015 season?"
] | {
"text": [
"12"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30572 | 5ace2a2632bba1001ae49c3e | Appalachian_Mountains | A look at rocks exposed in today's Appalachian mountains reveals elongated belts of folded and thrust faulted marine sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks and slivers of ancient ocean floor, which provides strong evidence that these rocks were deformed during plate collision. The birth of the Appalachian ranges, some 480 M... | When was Pangaea? | When was Pangaea? | [
"When was Pangaea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78476 | 5ad27d40d7d075001a4296b4 | Greeks | The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan... | The time span that isn't counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras? | The time span that isn't counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras? | [
"The time span that isn't counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4820 | 5a74d5a642eae6001a389ae5 | Green | There is no green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma, given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin, with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected... | Blue and green eyes are caused by a high concentration of what? | Blue and green eyes are caused by a high concentration of what? | [
"Blue and green eyes are caused by a high concentration of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80515 | 57267a4e5951b619008f73f9 | Data_compression | Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the h... | What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information? | What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information? | [
"What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information?"
] | {
"text": [
"JPEG image compression"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25230 | 56d11dd317492d1400aab9cd | New_York_City | New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purific... | In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed? | In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed? | [
"In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed?"
] | {
"text": [
"north"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9830 | 5727f767ff5b5019007d996e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th... | In what war was Naguib wounded? | In what war was Naguib wounded? | [
"In what war was Naguib wounded?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palestine War"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67282 | 57099f78200fba14003681f2 | Animal | The remaining animals form a monophyletic group called the Bilateria. For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs. The body is triploblastic, i.e. all three germ layers are well-developed, and tissues form distinct organs. The digestive chamber ha... | What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called? | What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called? | [
"What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called?"
] | {
"text": [
"coelom or pseudocoelom"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9547 | 5725c242ec44d21400f3d4ed | Montevideo | As of 2010[update], the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities (Municipios), referred to with the letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by a mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to adv... | How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010? | How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010? | [
"How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"8"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82391 | 56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecad | Daylight_saving_time | Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian socie... | What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons? | What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons? | [
"What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"agrarian"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38706 | 570c4b09fed7b91900d45850 | FC_Barcelona | FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club p... | How many times between 1908 and 1925 was Gamper president? | How many times between 1908 and 1925 was Gamper president? | [
"How many times between 1908 and 1925 was Gamper president?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6918 | 5731366ea5e9cc1400cdbcf1 | Red | The painters of the early Renaissance used two traditional lake pigments, made from mixing dye with either chalk or alum, kermes lake, made from kermes insects, and madder lake, made from the rubia tinctorum plant. With the arrival of cochineal, they had a third, carmine, which made a very fine crimson, though it had a... | What was kermes lake made from? | What was kermes lake made from? | [
"What was kermes lake made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"kermes insects"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75144 | 572f112fdfa6aa1500f8d5ae | Elevator | The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror is the common name for a series of elevator attractions at the Disney's Hollywood Studios park in Orlando, the Disney California Adventure Park park in Anaheim, the Walt Disney Studios Park in Paris and the Tokyo DisneySea park in Tokyo. The central element of this attraction is a simu... | What is the main feature of this attraction? | What is the main feature of this attraction? | [
"What is the main feature of this attraction?"
] | {
"text": [
"a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57279 | 572ff38604bcaa1900d76f1a | Muslim_world | One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) ... | How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina? | How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina? | [
"How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?"
] | {
"text": [
"450"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16716 | 572a8747be1ee31400cb807d | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek’s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex networks of information, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being... | What are ecosystems views to be? | What are ecosystems views to be? | [
"What are ecosystems views to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"spontaneous orders"
],
"answer_start": [
772
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70827 | 57314e18e6313a140071cdee | Bird | Feathers require maintenance and birds preen or groom them daily, spending an average of around 9% of their daily time on this. The bill is used to brush away foreign particles and to apply waxy secretions from the uropygial gland; these secretions protect the feathers' flexibility and act as an antimicrobial agent, in... | What do birds use to brush away foreign particles? | What do birds use to brush away foreign particles? | [
"What do birds use to brush away foreign particles?"
] | {
"text": [
"The bill"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2143 | 56d0e34017492d1400aab682 | Buddhism | Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddh... | What other practices do Buddhists adhere to? | What other practices do Buddhists adhere to? | [
"What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ten Meritorious Deeds"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83534 | 5ad26647d7d075001a4291e4 | Dominican_Order | The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways.... | Where did members of the French province dwell and labor? | Where did members of the French province dwell and labor? | [
"Where did members of the French province dwell and labor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95360 | 56dfc1cc7aa994140058e135 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication Science during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the... | What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard? | What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard? | [
"What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard?"
] | {
"text": [
"Science"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46079 | 573245eeb9d445190005e975 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decid... | What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ? | What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ? | [
"What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ?"
] | {
"text": [
"confession of sins"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17509 | 5ad222fbd7d075001a4284fa | Spectre_(2015_film) | Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack. In the ensuing struggle,... | 007 James Bond kills four men in a mission in which city? | 007 James Bond kills four men in a mission in which city? | [
"007 James Bond kills four men in a mission in which city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53119 | 5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcc | Bird_migration | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | What is reverse migration? | What is reverse migration? | [
"What is reverse migration?"
] | {
"text": [
"where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72445 | 5726747e708984140094c6c2 | Greece | Greece has universal health care. In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed. In a 2013 Save the Children report, Greece was ranked the 19th best country (out of 176 countries surveyed) for the state of mothers and newborn babies. In 2... | In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece? | In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece? | [
"In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece?"
] | {
"text": [
"138"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106189 | 5725c85738643c19005acce2 | Hellenistic_period | Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central governmen... | When was the Achaean League formed? | When was the Achaean League formed? | [
"When was the Achaean League formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"280 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111958 | 5727b0412ca10214002d93e1 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Darwin proposes sexual selection, driven by competition between males for mates, to explain sexually dimorphic features such as lion manes, deer antlers, peacock tails, bird songs, and the bright plumage of some male birds. He analysed sexual selection more fully in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex ... | Which of Darwin's written works has more in depth information about sexual selection? | Which of Darwin's written works has more in depth information about sexual selection? | [
"Which of Darwin's written works has more in depth information about sexual selection?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105511 | 56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac9 | Communications_in_Somalia | On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio... | The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what? | The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what? | [
"The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"investment"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23738 | 5acfc59577cf76001a685e34 | Federalism | Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesr... | Who can't elect the members of the upper house? | Who can't elect the members of the upper house? | [
"Who can't elect the members of the upper house? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99097 | 5a825849e60761001a2eb1e1 | Turner_Classic_Movies | The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 20... | When did TCM Imports first appear? | When did TCM Imports first appear? | [
"When did TCM Imports first appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86207 | 573437afd058e614000b6b31 | Tucson,_Arizona | For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the... | How much does the Tucson Folk Festival cost to get in? | How much does the Tucson Folk Festival cost to get in? | [
"How much does the Tucson Folk Festival cost to get in?"
] | {
"text": [
"free"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30749 | 57267841708984140094c733 | Mexico_City | The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where t... | When was the federal constitution signed? | When was the federal constitution signed? | [
"When was the federal constitution signed? "
] | {
"text": [
"October 4, 1824"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1961 | 570b52c7ec8fbc190045b98a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. The Confederacy hoped to win by getting Britain and France to intervene, or else by wearing down the North's willingness to fight. The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. The Confederates under Robert E. Lee... | Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war? | Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war? | [
"Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert E. Lee"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85538 | 572835132ca10214002da0bc | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | What is an LTRO? | What is an LTRO? | [
"What is an LTRO?"
] | {
"text": [
"longer-term refinancing operation"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6436 | 5ad2a9a1d7d075001a429e35 | PlayStation_3 | In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown Wipeout ... | A title with a 3D patch is Super what? | A title with a 3D patch is Super what? | [
"A title with a 3D patch is Super what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82441 | 56e7334700c9c71400d76ef4 | Daylight_saving_time | Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the sa... | At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States? | At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States? | [
"At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"one hour"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20573 | 56cc6e346d243a140015efac | IPod | The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was... | What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer? | What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer? | [
"What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer?"
] | {
"text": [
"3.5 mm minijack"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44391 | 57070f0c9e06ca38007e9357 | Chihuahua_(state) | Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri... | The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range? | The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range? | [
"The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rocky Mountains"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97119 | 56cbdcd16d243a140015eda3 | Frédéric_Chopin | In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso... | What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw? | What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw? | [
"What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71667 | 56f8f2c89e9bad19000a075d | Near_East | These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the "collective wisdom" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances... | Miller's words were considered what? | Miller's words were considered what? | [
"Miller's words were considered what?"
] | {
"text": [
"fighting words"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19601 | 5ad5fdd55b96ef001a10afcc | Comprehensive_school | In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still... | Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found? | Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found? | [
"Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8885 | 57282cbd4b864d190016465a | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | [
"What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio"
],
"answer_start": [
934
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35276 | 572699fcdd62a815002e8ac0 | Gothic_architecture | Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance... | What is another country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers? | What is another country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers? | [
"What is another country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84167 | 5a7e3d5270df9f001a875612 | Translation | One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria,... | How did each translator of the Bible die in Alexandria? | How did each translator of the Bible die in Alexandria? | [
"How did each translator of the Bible die in Alexandria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68712 | 572ee920dfa6aa1500f8d4c1 | Modern_history | Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. In some ... | What was society based on during the Tukugawa period? | What was society based on during the Tukugawa period? | [
"What was society based on during the Tukugawa period?"
] | {
"text": [
"strict class hierarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75789 | 5705f48452bb89140068972f | The_Times | The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett ... | Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America? | Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America? | [
"Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America?"
] | {
"text": [
"Horace Everett Hooper"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98853 | 5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a0 | Heresy | In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deeme... | Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church? | Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church? | [
"Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61719 | 57282f0e3acd2414000df686 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The city is home to 15 am and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations. St. John's is the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter C. The ITU prefix VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederatio... | How many French-language stations does the city have? | How many French-language stations does the city have? | [
"How many French-language stations does the city have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31000 | 5726cbf65951b619008f7e67 | Mexico_City | The second largest higher-education institution is the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which includes among many other relevant centers the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), where varied high-level scientific and technological research is done. Other major higher-education institutions ... | What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City? | What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City? | [
"What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Casa de California"
],
"answer_start": [
1000
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37273 | 57279eac3acd2414000de80b | Switzerland | Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods, scientific and precision measuring instruments and musical instruments. The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/ele... | What percentage of exports are exported services? | What percentage of exports are exported services? | [
"What percentage of exports are exported services?"
] | {
"text": [
"a third"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111388 | 5731f24bb9d445190005e6d7 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ... | What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling? | What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling? | [
"What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?"
] | {
"text": [
"impiety"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23224 | 5731b46ee99e3014001e61ea | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | What will no person be denied the enjoyment of in Georgia based on their religious principles? | What will no person be denied the enjoyment of in Georgia based on their religious principles? | [
"What will no person be denied the enjoyment of in Georgia based on their religious principles?"
] | {
"text": [
"any civil right"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86373 | 570ce23eb3d812140066d2ee | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a... | What apparatuses do groups use? | What apparatuses do groups use? | [
"What apparatuses do groups use?"
] | {
"text": [
"Groups do not use any apparatus"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30340 | 5726b8c8dd62a815002e8e32 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina Museum of Art, occupying a large suburban campus on Blue Ridge Road near the North Carolina State Fairgrounds, maintains one of the premier public art collections located between Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. In addition to its extensive collections of American Art, European Art and ancient art, the mus... | When was the Auguste Rodine exhibit? | When was the Auguste Rodine exhibit? | [
"When was the Auguste Rodine exhibit?"
] | {
"text": [
"2000"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44387 | 57070f0c9e06ca38007e9353 | Chihuahua_(state) | Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri... | Which state has more forests than Chihuahua? | Which state has more forests than Chihuahua? | [
"Which state has more forests than Chihuahua?"
] | {
"text": [
"Durango"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25172 | 56d1104317492d1400aab88a | New_York_City | Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this. | What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball? | What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball? | [
"What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stickball Boulevard"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105307 | 5727f6d83acd2414000df0f9 | History_of_science | The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Working... | What was the Scientific Revolution? | What was the Scientific Revolution? | [
"What was the Scientific Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"a period of major scientific advancements"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45839 | 5731af89e17f3d14004222f5 | YouTube | Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In January 2012, it was estimated that visit... | How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day? | How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day? | [
"How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70627 | 56dfecfb231d4119001abea9 | Pub | A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criti... | In what area of London is the Eagle pub located? | In what area of London is the Eagle pub located? | [
"In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clerkenwell"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56033 | 56e79ec500c9c71400d773e5 | Arena_Football_League | Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create "a long-term plan to improve its economic model". In doing so, the AFL became the se... | What National Hockey League season was cancelled? | What National Hockey League season was cancelled? | [
"What National Hockey League season was cancelled?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004-05"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100564 | 572d333e8351f81400e9d373 | Post-punk | Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music". The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts. Artists sought to refuse the common distinction between high and low culture and returned to th... | How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk? | How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk? | [
"How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk?"
] | {
"text": [
"fusion of art and music"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109701 | 5728fb8a6aef05140015493c | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | What nationality was Edward Schnell? | What nationality was Edward Schnell? | [
"What nationality was Edward Schnell?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussian"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27932 | 572a0071af94a219006aa749 | Energy | This law is a fundamental principle of physics. As shown rigorously by Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time, a property of most phenomena below the cosmic scale that makes them independent of their locations on the time coordinate. Put differently... | What shows that the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time? | What shows that the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time? | [
"What shows that the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time?"
] | {
"text": [
"Noether's theorem"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113407 | 5a8793d01d3cee001a6a126a | Vacuum | The quality of a vacuum is indicated by the amount of matter remaining in the system, so that a high quality vacuum is one with very little matter left in it. Vacuum is primarily measured by its absolute pressure, but a complete characterization requires further parameters, such as temperature and chemical composition.... | What indicates the quality of residual gases? | What indicates the quality of residual gases? | [
"What indicates the quality of residual gases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5494 | 5706950a52bb891400689a9e | House_music | In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Paula Abdul, Aretha Frank... | where is house music extremely popular? | where is house music extremely popular? | [
"where is house music extremely popular?"
] | {
"text": [
"both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78466 | 5ad24894d7d075001a428b70 | Greeks | The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan... | What century marked the formation of Western civilization? | What century marked the formation of Western civilization? | [
"What century marked the formation of Western civilization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46409 | 57264ba3dd62a815002e80b5 | Department_store | All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of i... | What year did the Manchester institution begin? | What year did the Manchester institution begin? | [
"What year did the Manchester institution begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1836"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104049 | 570ba229ec8fbc190045ba98 | Infrared | Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it... | What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature? | What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature? | [
"What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?"
] | {
"text": [
"the black body radiation law"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116147 | 5a68bcef8476ee001a58a7d4 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci... | What was Panchanada once called? | What was Panchanada once called? | [
"What was Panchanada once called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89480 | 572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fc | The_Blitz | A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undiv... | What strategy could have worked against the British Empire? | What strategy could have worked against the British Empire? | [
"What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"strangle British sea communications"
],
"answer_start": [
995
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106908 | 5ace578032bba1001ae4a325 | Hunting | Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoan... | What idea was criticized by Robert Blumenschine? | What idea was criticized by Robert Blumenschine? | [
"What idea was criticized by Robert Blumenschine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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