gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-53313 | 5a51481fce860b001aa3fcb0 | Sichuan | The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the pr... | The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river? | The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river? | [
"The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90833 | 573240a4b9d445190005e920 | Pacific_War | Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo... | How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945? | How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945? | [
"How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945?"
] | {
"text": [
"some 30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44945 | 56df12643277331400b4d949 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal... | What did the company call themselves after the merger? | What did the company call themselves after the merger? | [
"What did the company call themselves after the merger?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sony BMG Music Entertainment"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8095 | 5ad015bf77cf76001a686948 | Copyright_infringement | In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar... | What has hardware case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation? | What has hardware case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation? | [
"What has hardware case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54123 | 5ad3e9f0604f3c001a3ff6ab | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Ar... | The rallied forces has approximately how many members? | The rallied forces has approximately how many members? | [
"The rallied forces has approximately how many members?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115173 | 5a39e9b52f14dd001ac7263c | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | About what year are ambondro dated to? | About what year are ambondro dated to? | [
"About what year are ambondro dated to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10587 | 5acf8e0f77cf76001a685233 | Comics | Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to de... | Storyboards are not used a lot by what? | Storyboards are not used a lot by what? | [
"Storyboards are not used a lot by what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15640 | 5726d6265951b619008f7f7f | Chinese_characters | The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC). These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in ... | Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to? | Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to? | [
"Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to?"
] | {
"text": [
"village near Anyang in Henan Province"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23512 | 5ad14842645df0001a2d154a | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con... | How many states violate the religious test clause without language somewhere in their official policies? | How many states violate the religious test clause without language somewhere in their official policies? | [
"How many states violate the religious test clause without language somewhere in their official policies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35272 | 572699fcdd62a815002e8abc | Gothic_architecture | Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance... | Europe experienced a rapid growth in what at this time? | Europe experienced a rapid growth in what at this time? | [
"Europe experienced a rapid growth in what at this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"trade"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40641 | 5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab24 | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging? | What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging? | [
"What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108784 | 5726bfe0f1498d1400e8ea29 | Literature | Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usu... | Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements? | Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements? | [
"Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements?"
] | {
"text": [
"music and dance"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17129 | 5ad11dd6645df0001a2d0e06 | Uranium | In nature, uranium(VI) forms highly soluble carbonate complexes at alkaline pH. This leads to an increase in mobility and availability of uranium to groundwater and soil from nuclear wastes which leads to health hazards. However, it is difficult to precipitate uranium as phosphate in the presence of excess carbonate at... | The presence of what substance at alkaline pH makes it easy to precipitate uranium as phosphate? | The presence of what substance at alkaline pH makes it easy to precipitate uranium as phosphate? | [
"The presence of what substance at alkaline pH makes it easy to precipitate uranium as phosphate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100141 | 5ace625732bba1001ae4a4f6 | Guam | Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only ca... | Where do American passengers arriving indirectly from the United States first go? | Where do American passengers arriving indirectly from the United States first go? | [
"Where do American passengers arriving indirectly from the United States first go?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74856 | 570e7ca50b85d914000d7f49 | Melbourne | Melbourne has four airports. Melbourne Airport, at Tullamarine, is the city's main international and domestic gateway and second busiest in Australia. The airport is home base for passenger airlines Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia and cargo airlines Australian air Express and Toll Priority; and is a major h... | Which airport is the second busiest in all of Australia? | Which airport is the second busiest in all of Australia? | [
"Which airport is the second busiest in all of Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24214 | 57294f071d0469140077927d | Bermuda | There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in A... | Why is the US so important to Bermuda? | Why is the US so important to Bermuda? | [
"Why is the US so important to Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102829 | 5727b735ff5b5019007d9341 | Unicode | The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those en... | What are the CJK languages referenced? | What are the CJK languages referenced? | [
"What are the CJK languages referenced?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese, Japanese, and Korean"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98066 | 56e176a2cd28a01900c6797e | Hydrogen | The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nick... | In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery? | In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery? | [
"In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82355 | 5726c1d1dd62a815002e8f9e | Pesticide | Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur... | What decade did herbicides become common? | What decade did herbicides become common? | [
"What decade did herbicides become common?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
1052
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64828 | 5734275c4776f41900661991 | Portugal | Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively ... | What is the Manueline style also known as? | What is the Manueline style also known as? | [
"What is the Manueline style also known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Portuguese late Gothic"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45060 | 5ace3ed732bba1001ae4a040 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the f... | Edge Peter became the new CEO of what? | Edge Peter became the new CEO of what? | [
"Edge Peter became the new CEO of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8047 | 5ad012bf77cf76001a6868c9 | Copyright_infringement | Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation. The decentralised structure of peer-to-peer networks, in particular, does not sit easily with existing laws on online intermediaries' liability. The BitTorrent protocol establishe... | What makes peer-to-peer networks the same as other online providers? | What makes peer-to-peer networks the same as other online providers? | [
"What makes peer-to-peer networks the same as other online providers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106598 | 5a8456db7cf838001a46a761 | East_India_Company | In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded t... | Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to? | Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to? | [
"Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7421 | 5a8c2f77fd22b3001a8d8611 | Database | Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data conta... | What does a database refer to informally? | What does a database refer to informally? | [
"What does a database refer to informally?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28909 | 571d40405efbb31900334ef9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is expected when the relationships are made public? | What is expected when the relationships are made public? | [
"What is expected when the relationships are made public?"
] | {
"text": [
"relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74009 | 5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a6 | Architecture | Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | What are some philosophies that ancient architects use? | What are some philosophies that ancient architects use? | [
"What are some philosophies that ancient architects use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37833 | 572fcda604bcaa1900d76d5f | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls? | Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls? | [
"Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73113 | 56d36db659d6e4140014637c | American_Idol | The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen... | How many weeks did the finals last in the first season? | How many weeks did the finals last in the first season? | [
"How many weeks did the finals last in the first season?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110577 | 572676e75951b619008f7376 | Professional_wrestling | Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting tapes of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The Internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they would be unable to see otherwise. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily i... | What has the internet done for wrestling fans? | What has the internet done for wrestling fans? | [
"What has the internet done for wrestling fans? "
] | {
"text": [
"exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110559 | 572674d5dd62a815002e8596 | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The di... | How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling? | How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling? | [
"How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling?"
] | {
"text": [
"they are less emphasized"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22585 | 5727bbedff5b5019007d93b8 | Exhibition_game | Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing comp... | When do football clubs still play friendlies? | When do football clubs still play friendlies? | [
"When do football clubs still play friendlies?"
] | {
"text": [
"before the start of each season"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22858 | 5735b0dedc94161900571f2c | Kathmandu | Metropolitan Kathmandu is divided into five sectors: the Central Sector, the East Sector, the North Sector, the City Core and the West Sector. For civic administration, the city is further divided into 35 administrative wards. The Council administers the Metropolitan area of Kathmandu city through its 177 elected repre... | How many sectors make up the Kathmandu metropolitan area? | How many sectors make up the Kathmandu metropolitan area? | [
"How many sectors make up the Kathmandu metropolitan area?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31592 | 570d4501b3d812140066d608 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most? | What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most? | [
"What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most?"
] | {
"text": [
"bombers"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65510 | 5727bf844b864d1900163c69 | Detroit | In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations... | Who was the President of the United States in 1967? | Who was the President of the United States in 1967? | [
"Who was the President of the United States in 1967?"
] | {
"text": [
"President Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9729 | 5725ea3089a1e219009ac099 | Montevideo | The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurr... | Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place? | Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place? | [
"Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870 and 1930"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21033 | 5a750d7797ca42001a521e26 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Spanish was the language spoken by the first permanent European settlers in North America. Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States with Ponce de León in 1513. In 1565, the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest contin... | Which Spanish settler arrived in the US first? | Which Spanish settler arrived in the US first? | [
"Which Spanish settler arrived in the US first?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108019 | 5acd30aa07355d001abf3891 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on? | What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on? | [
" What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93338 | 5731234a497a881900248b91 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What is being used to produce white LEDs? | What is being used to produce white LEDs? | [
"What is being used to produce white LEDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104933 | 573386814776f41900660ca2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments? | Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments? | [
"Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?"
] | {
"text": [
"Johan Norberg"
],
"answer_start": [
643
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115376 | 56ea99270030b61400a34fd1 | Political_corruption | The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. | What can trigger famine conditions? | What can trigger famine conditions? | [
"What can trigger famine conditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"drought"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9533 | 5725bf3138643c19005acc4a | Montevideo | In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city. In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born. In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were a... | In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born? | In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born? | [
"In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?"
] | {
"text": [
"30%"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66447 | 5acea46832bba1001ae4aeae | Brigham_Young_University | Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic so... | What did Harvey Farnsworth invent? | What did Harvey Farnsworth invent? | [
"What did Harvey Farnsworth invent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112757 | 5a70ba5f8abb0b001a6760ec | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) ... | What service only offered subscription services? | What service only offered subscription services? | [
"What service only offered subscription services?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88205 | 5a3c9cdccc5d22001a521e33 | God | Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. Fo... | What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath? | What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath? | [
"What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112906 | 5a70ba6d8abb0b001a67611e | Xbox_360 | While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011. Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling s... | How many of the original Xbox sell between 2005 and 2011? | How many of the original Xbox sell between 2005 and 2011? | [
"How many of the original Xbox sell between 2005 and 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116267 | 5734025ad058e614000b678d | Punjab,_Pakistan | Despite its tropical wet and dry climate, extensive irrigation makes it a rich agricultural region. Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world. Wheat and cotton are the largest crops. Other crops include rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such... | What kind of climate does Punjab have? | What kind of climate does Punjab have? | [
"What kind of climate does Punjab have?"
] | {
"text": [
"tropical wet and dry"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60122 | 5ace0fce32bba1001ae49a19 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The university's first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt. Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees. Early on, Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community, including John O'Fallon, but Eliot failed to s... | Who named it Washington University? | Who named it Washington University? | [
"Who named it Washington University?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40644 | 5ad50ebd5b96ef001a10ab27 | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | How can some manufacturers be disposed of? | How can some manufacturers be disposed of? | [
"How can some manufacturers be disposed of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20409 | 5a671646f038b7001ab0c1d3 | Glass | In 2004, NIST researchers presented evidence that an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase (dubbed "q-glass") could be grown from the melt. This phase is the first phase, or "primary phase," to form in the Al-Fe-Si system during rapid cooling. Interestingly, experimental evidence indicates that this phase forms by a... | What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as first-order transition? | What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as first-order transition? | [
"What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as first-order transition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30673 | 57265b12f1498d1400e8dd02 | Mexico_City | The city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only... | What was the labor draft called? | What was the labor draft called? | [
"What was the labor draft called?"
] | {
"text": [
"the desagüe"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32148 | 5728f9a14b864d190016515c | Myanmar | In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) off... | What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ? | What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ? | [
"What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100205 | 5ace6d0932bba1001ae4a674 | Guam | The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one sub... | In what city is CareJet headquartered? | In what city is CareJet headquartered? | [
"In what city is CareJet headquartered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32661 | 5ad2af74d7d075001a429f0a | Antarctica | There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po... | What do the waters in the lake share similarities with? | What do the waters in the lake share similarities with? | [
"What do the waters in the lake share similarities with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66107 | 5a64f841c2b11c001a425b63 | ASCII | The X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems. Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters). This allows digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, ... | How many codes were required for the X3.2? | How many codes were required for the X3.2? | [
"How many codes were required for the X3.2?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97139 | 56cf609aaab44d1400b89187 | Frédéric_Chopin | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By... | At what age did Chopin start playing publicly? | At what age did Chopin start playing publicly? | [
"At what age did Chopin start playing publicly?"
] | {
"text": [
"7"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92555 | 573127e1e6313a140071cc9a | United_States_Air_Force | Cargo and transport aircraft are typically used to deliver troops, weapons and other military equipment by a variety of methods to any area of military operations around the world, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in uncontrolled airspace. The workhorses of the USAF Air Mobility Command are the C-130 Her... | What type of aircraft is used to deliver troops and weapons to military operations? | What type of aircraft is used to deliver troops and weapons to military operations? | [
"What type of aircraft is used to deliver troops and weapons to military operations? "
] | {
"text": [
"Cargo and transport"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83856 | 5acda08d07355d001abf486a | Florida | The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2010 was $748 billion. Its GDP is the fourth largest economy in the United States. In 2010, it became the fourth largest exporter of trade goods. The major contributors to the state's gross output in 2007 were general services, financial services, trade, transportation and... | What is the third smallest economy in the US? | What is the third smallest economy in the US? | [
"What is the third smallest economy in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18948 | 572fd390a23a5019007fca4f | Premier_League | The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the Capital One Cup (League Cup). Two Europa League places are reserved for the winne... | Why is it important to have a high Fair Play ranking? | Why is it important to have a high Fair Play ranking? | [
"Why is it important to have a high Fair Play ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60415 | 573012c004bcaa1900d77104 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Another group of residences, known as the Village, is located in the northwest corner of Danforth Campus. Only open to upperclassmen and January Scholars, the North Side consists of Millbrook Apartments, The Village, Village East on-campus apartments, and all fraternity houses except the Zeta Beta Tau house, which is o... | What students are allowed in the North Side residences at Washington University? | What students are allowed in the North Side residences at Washington University? | [
"What students are allowed in the North Side residences at Washington University?"
] | {
"text": [
"upperclassmen and January Scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52146 | 5ad38d80604f3c001a3fe5ef | Miami | Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co... | Approximately how many multinationals don't have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami? | Approximately how many multinationals don't have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami? | [
"Approximately how many multinationals don't have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20090 | 5733ad384776f41900660fee | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished? | In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished? | [
"In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished?"
] | {
"text": [
"1963"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31303 | 57268312dd62a815002e87bf | Germans | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? | The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? | [
"The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? "
] | {
"text": [
"Yiddish"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70040 | 5ad4a204ba00c4001a268e8a | Windows_8 | In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the... | What isn't the name of the Chinese social network? | What isn't the name of the Chinese social network? | [
"What isn't the name of the Chinese social network?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12746 | 56defedf3277331400b4d871 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law? | In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law? | [
"In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59110 | 5727b82e4b864d1900163b5b | A_cappella | In 1945, the first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953 Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it didn't change its name to Sweet Adelines International until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in English, includes choruses in most of t... | Where is the Sweet Adelines HQ? | Where is the Sweet Adelines HQ? | [
"Where is the Sweet Adelines HQ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tulsa, Oklahoma"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53884 | 56dde0ea66d3e219004dad7e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organ... | How many sub components are there? | How many sub components are there? | [
"How many sub components are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73533 | 56db31c5e7c41114004b4f21 | American_Idol | Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records. | What other company reduced their sponsorship this season? | What other company reduced their sponsorship this season? | [
"What other company reduced their sponsorship this season?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ford Motor Company"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27038 | 570980f2200fba14003680c2 | Orthodox_Judaism | Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth... | what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf? | what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf? | [
"what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf?"
] | {
"text": [
"hair"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31270 | 572937f96aef051400154b84 | Germans | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" deve... | What does ein diutscher mean? | What does ein diutscher mean? | [
"What does ein diutscher mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"a German"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61554 | 572813c5ff5b5019007d9ca0 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White... | For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's? | For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's? | [
"For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's?"
] | {
"text": [
"hundreds of years"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23579 | 5ad14c25645df0001a2d163a | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writ... | What profession doesn't Frank Lambert have? | What profession doesn't Frank Lambert have? | [
" What profession doesn't Frank Lambert have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56176 | 56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b5 | Arena_Football_League | In 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described "unathletic writer"... | How many games did Jeff Foley play in? | How many games did Jeff Foley play in? | [
"How many games did Jeff Foley play in?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41295 | 5731e624e17f3d140042251b | Egypt | Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab pro... | In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt? | In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt? | [
"In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"4000 films"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113197 | 570dea310b85d914000d7bce | Adolescence | Furthermore, the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure activities varies greatly by culture as a result of cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors. American teenagers spend less time in school or working and more time on leisure activities—which include playing sports, s... | What are two potential reasons that adolescents in different cultures spend varying time on work and leisure activities? | What are two potential reasons that adolescents in different cultures spend varying time on work and leisure activities? | [
"What are two potential reasons that adolescents in different cultures spend varying time on work and leisure activities?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66755 | 57279a47708984140094e1fb | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled. On February 20, a ... | Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia? | Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia? | [
"Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yerevan"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63815 | 5727eae94b864d1900164016 | USB | The European Standardisation Bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI (independent of the OMTP/GSMA proposal) defined a common External Power Supply (EPS) for use with smartphones sold in the EU based on micro-USB. 14 of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). Ap... | Who was one of the original MoU signers? | Who was one of the original MoU signers? | [
"Who was one of the original MoU signers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apple"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55270 | 5727da802ca10214002d9816 | Baptists | Smyth, convinced that his self-baptism was invalid, applied with the Mennonites for membership. He died while waiting for membership, and some of his followers became Mennonites. Thomas Helwys and others kept their baptism and their Baptist commitments. The modern Baptist denomination is an outgrowth of Smyth's movemen... | Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as "the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?" | Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as "the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?" | [
"Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as \"the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?\""
] | {
"text": [
"McBeth"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26619 | 5a77b8beb73996001af5a52d | University | A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, f... | What was the result of the University Revolution in Ireland? | What was the result of the University Revolution in Ireland? | [
"What was the result of the University Revolution in Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4990 | 56e1307acd28a01900c67687 | Boston | On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers exploded two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264. | About how many people were injured in the explosion? | About how many people were injured in the explosion? | [
"About how many people were injured in the explosion?"
] | {
"text": [
"264"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6426 | 5ad33f9a604f3c001a3fdbce | PlayStation_3 | Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan. Among the titles available in the budget range include Resistance: Fall of Man, MotorStorm, Uncharted: Drakes Fortune, Rainbow S... | In what year was Devil May Cry 3 added to the budget game offerings for PS3? | In what year was Devil May Cry 3 added to the budget game offerings for PS3? | [
"In what year was Devil May Cry 3 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95903 | 5a1dd7ee4ea40d0018b06fc3 | Hokkien | During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occ... | What happened during the Fujian period in China? | What happened during the Fujian period in China? | [
"What happened during the Fujian period in China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82342 | 5a712bf10efcfe001a8afd8e | Pesticide | In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). Studies must be conducted to establish the conditions in which the material is safe to use and the ef... | What happens to foods in a Toxicity Class after 1984? | What happens to foods in a Toxicity Class after 1984? | [
"What happens to foods in a Toxicity Class after 1984?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51752 | 570c5037b3d812140066d0bd | John,_King_of_England | The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the ... | Who was John's second wife? | Who was John's second wife? | [
"Who was John's second wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"Isabella of Angoulême"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17666 | 56cdddb862d2951400fa6924 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months. Mendes also confirmed several filming locations, including London, Mexico City and Rome. Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock. Early filming took place at Pinewood Studios, and around Lon... | What were three sites used for filming Spectre? | What were three sites used for filming Spectre? | [
"What were three sites used for filming Spectre?"
] | {
"text": [
"London, Mexico City and Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5051 | 56e142e6e3433e1400422d12 | Boston | The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22. The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish. | What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish? | What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish? | [
"What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish?"
] | {
"text": [
"one-third"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47952 | 5726d110708984140094d220 | Napoleon | They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison. Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind. According to a 200... | In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published? | In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published? | [
"In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32706 | 5ad26518d7d075001a429198 | Antarctica | About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D... | How many species of fungi are there at the South Pole? | How many species of fungi are there at the South Pole? | [
"How many species of fungi are there at the South Pole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85774 | 5ad2a24dd7d075001a429d02 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but ... | Who was the Nintendo vice president at the time? | Who was the Nintendo vice president at the time? | [
" Who was the Nintendo vice president at the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73571 | 56d384b059d6e41400146606 | American_Idol | For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book A... | How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males? | How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males? | [
"How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males? "
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43136 | 57264268271a42140099d7eb | Poultry | Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet. Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds. Domestic ducks are omnivores, eating a ... | How can you identify a duck from other poultry? | How can you identify a duck from other poultry? | [
"How can you identify a duck from other poultry?"
] | {
"text": [
"medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet."
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56281 | 5a457b0d19a820001a1eda7a | Nonprofit_organization | A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, t... | What is the definition of a trade union? | What is the definition of a trade union? | [
"What is the definition of a trade union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27503 | 573018a5947a6a140053d0db | Liberia | In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending African-American volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed African Americans. By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 African Americans to Liberia. These free African Americans and their... | By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia? | By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia? | [
"By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia?"
] | {
"text": [
"13,000"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23913 | 572845ec4b864d190016488c | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | What is ecclesiology? | What is ecclesiology? | [
"What is ecclesiology?"
] | {
"text": [
"the doctrine of the church"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36139 | 572f9268a23a5019007fc785 | Printed_circuit_board | Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing ... | What process groups PCBs before transfer to a panel? | What process groups PCBs before transfer to a panel? | [
"What process groups PCBs before transfer to a panel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Panelization"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89434 | 5a14cde7a54d420018529357 | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | Between 1815 and 1914, how many acts of diplomacy were there and with what countries? | Between 1815 and 1914, how many acts of diplomacy were there and with what countries? | [
"Between 1815 and 1914, how many acts of diplomacy were there and with what countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85517 | 5a7a81c421c2de001afe9cbd | European_Central_Bank | Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced ... | When was Basel II rejected? | When was Basel II rejected? | [
"When was Basel II rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33190 | 57262d97ec44d21400f3dbad | Incandescent_light_bulb | In 1902, the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament. These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures. Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon, the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports. T... | What company invented the tantalum light filament? | What company invented the tantalum light filament? | [
"What company invented the tantalum light filament?"
] | {
"text": [
"Siemens"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48531 | 57284581ff5b5019007da08d | War_on_Terror | In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the is... | What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines? | What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines? | [
"What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?"
] | {
"text": [
"Operation Smiles"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78436 | 5ad26fb8d7d075001a42943a | Greeks | The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that sc... | What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that aren't based on ancestral ties ? | What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that aren't based on ancestral ties ? | [
"What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that aren't based on ancestral ties ? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52857 | 5727a7852ca10214002d92fe | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties? | In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties? | [
"In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties?"
] | {
"text": [
"peerages"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
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