gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-23013 | 5735d07d012e2f140011a088 | Kathmandu | Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium,... | What body oversees soccer in Nepal? | What body oversees soccer in Nepal? | [
"What body oversees soccer in Nepal?"
] | {
"text": [
"All Nepal Football Association"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53854 | 56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bb | Dialect | For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être". Spa... | What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"? | What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"? | [
"What French word is similar to the Italian word \"essere\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"être"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111301 | 5731cbc10fdd8d15006c6539 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Rome had no separate priestly caste or class. The highest authority within a community usually sponsored its cults and sacrifices, officiated as its priest and promoted its assistants and acolytes. Specialists from the religious colleges and professionals such as haruspices and oracles were available for consultation. ... | What type of religious participants were available for consultation? | What type of religious participants were available for consultation? | [
"What type of religious participants were available for consultation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Specialists"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114789 | 5a7db77770df9f001a87507e | Matter | Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on ... | What does special relativity show mass can do? | What does special relativity show mass can do? | [
"What does special relativity show mass can do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50723 | 56e962100b45c0140094cde9 | Bern | In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used... | How much of the working population uses public transportation? | How much of the working population uses public transportation? | [
"How much of the working population uses public transportation?"
] | {
"text": [
"50.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95001 | 5710f278a58dae1900cd6b6a | Age_of_Enlightenment | Enlightenment historiography began in the period itself, from what Enlightenment figures said about their work. A dominant element was the intellectual angle they took. D'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse of l'Encyclopédie provides a history of the Enlightenment which comprises a chronological list of developments in th... | Which Jewish philosopher referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason? | Which Jewish philosopher referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason? | [
"Which Jewish philosopher referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moses Mendelssohn"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89996 | 5acf76ad77cf76001a684e78 | Somerset | Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people. Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider. The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, whic... | How many people work in the Apple Orchards? | How many people work in the Apple Orchards? | [
"How many people work in the Apple Orchards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73914 | 5ad56b9b5b96ef001a10ae5b | Warsaw_Pact | Consequently, Molotov, fearing that EDC would be directed in the future against the USSR therefore "seeking to prevent the formation of groups of European States directed against other European States", made a proposal for a General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe "open to all European States without r... | What treaty would make the EDC usable? | What treaty would make the EDC usable? | [
"What treaty would make the EDC usable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46422 | 5ad09ee7645df0001a2cff78 | Department_store | Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted throug... | What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time? | What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time? | [
"What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79318 | 5a3bfcfecc5d22001a521cc4 | Heian_period | The Fujiwara controlled the throne until the reign of Emperor Go-Sanjō (1068-1073), the first emperor not born of a Fujiwara mother since the ninth century. Go-Sanjo, determined to restore imperial control through strong personal rule, implemented reforms to curb Fujiwara influence. He also established an office to com... | What office did the emperor rule through? | What office did the emperor rule through? | [
"What office did the emperor rule through?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54229 | 56df07a33277331400b4d8d2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instru... | What branch are the majority of COATS members? | What branch are the majority of COATS members? | [
"What branch are the majority of COATS members?"
] | {
"text": [
"officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104609 | 5732afd2328d98190060200a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case? | How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case? | [
"How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case?"
] | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47585 | 572fd34a947a6a140053cd19 | Armenia | In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estim... | How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992? | How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992? | [
"How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
874
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87903 | 5ad3d84a604f3c001a3ff37b | Tristan_da_Cunha | The island's unique social and economic organisation has evolved over the years, but is based on the principles set out by William Glass in 1817 when he established a settlement based on equality. All Tristan families are farmers, owning their own stock and/or fishing. All land is communally owned. All households have ... | For how many months does the nominal fishing season last? | For how many months does the nominal fishing season last? | [
"For how many months does the nominal fishing season last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107572 | 5a629334f8d794001af1c102 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform wo... | When was the Brent Spar platform disposed into the North Sea? | When was the Brent Spar platform disposed into the North Sea? | [
"When was the Brent Spar platform disposed into the North Sea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54412 | 5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a597 | Christian | In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia. | From where does the term Kristang Serani derive? | From where does the term Kristang Serani derive? | [
"From where does the term Kristang Serani derive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48384 | 56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a6 | Wood | Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav... | What's the common name for Picea abies? | What's the common name for Picea abies? | [
"What's the common name for Picea abies?"
] | {
"text": [
"European spruce"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92352 | 5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c732 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What is the USAF? | What is the USAF? | [
"What is the USAF?"
] | {
"text": [
"the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19481 | 5a3b65f83ff257001ab8445a | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle? | Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle? | [
"Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6391 | 5ad2a6f7d7d075001a429df9 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game website... | What was the worst-selling game launch in the US? | What was the worst-selling game launch in the US? | [
"What was the worst-selling game launch in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104952 | 5a3e4f88378766001a002570 | Palermo | Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu... | What city is in the northwest of Italy? | What city is in the northwest of Italy? | [
"What city is in the northwest of Italy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18660 | 5726ef16708984140094d668 | Nigeria | The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi madhhab. A large number of Sunni Muslims are members of Sufi brotherhoods. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah and/or the Mouride movements. A significant Shia minori... | What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution? | What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution? | [
"What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kano"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15511 | 5706fa4c90286e26004fc788 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Where was John Rolfe? | Where was John Rolfe? | [
"Where was John Rolfe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonial America"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60883 | 5a36f7b995360f001af1b384 | Gregorian_calendar | Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, whic... | What did the church of Rome use the metonic cycle to determine? | What did the church of Rome use the metonic cycle to determine? | [
"What did the church of Rome use the metonic cycle to determine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113928 | 56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a3 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentag... | How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army? | How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army? | [
"How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army?"
] | {
"text": [
"£20m"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113816 | 56f97afc9e9bad19000a09a2 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces: | What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD? | What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD? | [
"What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Strategic Defence and Security Review"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78167 | 57276a47708984140094dd23 | Child_labour | Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly d... | Where were rural children employed? | Where were rural children employed? | [
"Where were rural children employed?"
] | {
"text": [
"agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23808 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d5 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What happens with the Brussels special position? | What happens with the Brussels special position? | [
"What happens with the Brussels special position?"
] | {
"text": [
"consequently has a number of political issues"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29534 | 5a56a25c6349e2001acdcec8 | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | What is an ancient ceremony? | What is an ancient ceremony? | [
"What is an ancient ceremony?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19248 | 572ff590947a6a140053ce7d | Premier_League | The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 diffe... | How many different players have won the top scorer title? | How many different players have won the top scorer title? | [
"How many different players have won the top scorer title?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title."
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42722 | 57103183a58dae1900cd6952 | Sexual_orientation | In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book The Bisexual Option, the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven ... | What does KSOG stand for? | What does KSOG stand for? | [
"What does KSOG stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Klein sexual orientation grid"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6325 | 5ad33cdf604f3c001a3fdb88 | PlayStation_3 | The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced f... | In addition to the 2 GB model, what larger model did Sony offer? | In addition to the 2 GB model, what larger model did Sony offer? | [
"In addition to the 2 GB model, what larger model did Sony offer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40787 | 57265a7cdd62a815002e8279 | Predation | In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the p... | How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants? | How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants? | [
"How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"herbivory"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45204 | 5a4c243e7a6c4c001a2bbb9e | Sahara | To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. Accor... | What ocean is North of the Sahara? | What ocean is North of the Sahara? | [
"What ocean is North of the Sahara?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78960 | 5a8d9a35df8bba001a0f9b1f | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | During this time, Link also helps Midna find the Fused Shadows, fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic. In return, she helps Link find Ordon Village's children while helping the monkeys of Faron, the Gorons of Eldin, and the Zoras of Lanayru. Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the F... | What does Link assist Gorons in collecting? | What does Link assist Gorons in collecting? | [
"What does Link assist Gorons in collecting?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106975 | 57344adb879d6814001ca4bb | Hunting | From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of th... | What type of hunting is unlawful? | What type of hunting is unlawful? | [
"What type of hunting is unlawful?"
] | {
"text": [
"clamorosa"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11459 | 57279c29708984140094e22c | North_Carolina | While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the ... | What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt? | What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt? | [
"What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baptists"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84150 | 573083d58ab72b1400f9c53a | Translation | Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles or surtitles pro... | Who can translations of a sung text aid? | Who can translations of a sung text aid? | [
"Who can translations of a sung text aid?"
] | {
"text": [
"audiences, singers and conductors"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6231 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d01 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, reli... | In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays? | In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays? | [
"In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82735 | 56e0628c231d4119001ac075 | Saint_Helena | During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, cont... | What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period? | What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period? | [
"What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"flax"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103645 | 572a2a906aef051400155332 | East_Prussia | The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the course of the Prussi... | In what year was East and West Prussia first united? | In what year was East and West Prussia first united? | [
"In what year was East and West Prussia first united?"
] | {
"text": [
"1824"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93133 | 5730c1d7069b531400832311 | Light-emitting_diode | Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927. His research was distributed in Soviet, German and British scientifi... | LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon? | LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon? | [
"LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Electroluminescence"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94012 | 572ea349cb0c0d14000f13ba | Cyprus | One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although conceptual art is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre. Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene.... | What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta? | What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta? | [
"What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79413 | 5acff6bf77cf76001a68666f | Kievan_Rus%27 | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in Russia? | When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in Russia? | [
"When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in Russia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26202 | 5ad0d016645df0001a2d04a4 | Edmund_Burke | Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privat... | Who did the Duke of Devonshire recommend Reflections to? | Who did the Duke of Devonshire recommend Reflections to? | [
"Who did the Duke of Devonshire recommend Reflections to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57079 | 5728c4eaff5b5019007da656 | Apollo | The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai[clarification needed] is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. Stones played an important part in th... | What played an important part in the cult of the god? | What played an important part in the cult of the god? | [
"What played an important part in the cult of the god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stones"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15604 | 5707142a90286e26004fc8d1 | Black_people | These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to i... | What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include? | What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include? | [
"What would scholars like the term \"Negro\" to include?"
] | {
"text": [
"all African-descended people"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10167 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | How long was a typical workday for Nasser? | How long was a typical workday for Nasser? | [
"How long was a typical workday for Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"18-hour"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60955 | 57329bc4cc179a14009dab6c | Police | In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because ... | What was the Constable's force called, in French? | What was the Constable's force called, in French? | [
"What was the Constable's force called, in French?"
] | {
"text": [
"Connétablie"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43200 | 57265269708984140094c253 | Poultry | The quail is a small to medium-sized, cryptically coloured bird. In its natural environment, it is found in bushy places, in rough grassland, among agricultural crops, and in other places with dense cover. It feeds on seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates. Being a largely ground-dwelling, gregarious bird, domes... | Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ? | Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ? | [
"Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ?"
] | {
"text": [
"They were originally kept as songbirds, and they are thought to have been regularly used in song contests."
],
"answer_start": [
846
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103378 | 5ad298a2d7d075001a429b4e | Multiracial_American | Interracial relationships have had a long history in North America and the United States, beginning with the intermixing of European explorers and soldiers, who took native women as companions. After European settlement increased, traders and fur trappers often married or had unions with women of native tribes. In the ... | What did traders and fur trappers do before European settlement increased? | What did traders and fur trappers do before European settlement increased? | [
"What did traders and fur trappers do before European settlement increased?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94221 | 5727bdcd4b864d1900163c29 | Cork_(city) | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | When was St. Patrick's Street remodeled? | When was St. Patrick's Street remodeled? | [
"When was St. Patrick's Street remodeled?"
] | {
"text": [
"mid-2000s"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109083 | 57275d775951b619008f88cf | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance? | Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance? | [
"Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?"
] | {
"text": [
"human"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55974 | 56e7998d37bdd419002c41f3 | Arena_Football_League | On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport. The patent application covered the rules of the game, specifically detailing the goalposts and rebound netting and their impact on gameplay. Foster's application was granted on March 27, 1... | On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent? | On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent? | [
"On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 30, 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41553 | 56cebef6aab44d1400b8899a | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been rec... | How many homes were left without permanent shelter? | How many homes were left without permanent shelter? | [
"How many homes were left without permanent shelter?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.94 million"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34875 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ecc | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What changed because of Leninism? | What changed because of Leninism? | [
"What changed because of Leninism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51697 | 5706ab2e52bb891400689b44 | New_Delhi | Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex. | The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city? | The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city? | [
"The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4494 | 5a60fa35e9e1cc001a33cde8 | Pope_John_XXIII | The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understan... | When does the United States celebrate his feast day? | When does the United States celebrate his feast day? | [
"When does the United States celebrate his feast day?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12953 | 56dcecb79a695914005b9486 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese ... | Who became president of the Congo in 1968? | Who became president of the Congo in 1968? | [
"Who became president of the Congo in 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marien Ngouabi"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106708 | 5a846e377cf838001a46a7fc | East_India_Company | Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior sub... | What was the name of the EIC wizardry company? | What was the name of the EIC wizardry company? | [
"What was the name of the EIC wizardry company?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59025 | 5727a9504b864d19001639cf | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence? | Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence? | [
"Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"other regional conductors"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97636 | 56d398a859d6e414001467e7 | Frédéric_Chopin | Improvisation stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes. However, this does not imply impulsive rambling: Nicholas Temperley writes that "improvisation is designed for an audience, and its starting-point is that audience's expectations, which include the current conventions of musical form." The works for pia... | What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality? | What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality? | [
"What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality?"
] | {
"text": [
"his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit."
],
"answer_start": [
854
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83829 | 5acd9e3107355d001abf4841 | Florida | Reapportionment following the 2010 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives. The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests. In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appe... | What happened in 2008? | What happened in 2008? | [
"What happened in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115061 | 56ddd0509a695914005b95ec | Wayback_Machine | In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FA... | What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe? | What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe? | [
"What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"copyright laws"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31313 | 5a63bb9c7f3c80001a150b26 | Germans | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades? | Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades? | [
"Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102008 | 5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcd7 | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people? | What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people? | [
"What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20144 | 5733b699d058e614000b611b | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residen... | What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus? | What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus? | [
"What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95458 | 57269a03708984140094cb57 | Yale_University | The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1... | What was Nathan Hale famous for? | What was Nathan Hale famous for? | [
"What was Nathan Hale famous for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Revolutionary War soldier"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77002 | 5726783af1498d1400e8e0ca | Dutch_language | Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, ... | What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German? | What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German? | [
"What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32686 | 5ad2bbf1d7d075001a42a095 | Antarctica | Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev... | What continent is 3,000 ft above sea level? | What continent is 3,000 ft above sea level? | [
"What continent is 3,000 ft above sea level?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35671 | 570a4f184103511400d59603 | Imperial_College_London | In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money. The College made its first public announcement of his death on 4 December 2014. Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that h... | To which department did the professor who passed in September 2014 belong? | To which department did the professor who passed in September 2014 belong? | [
"To which department did the professor who passed in September 2014 belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Department of Medicine"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85848 | 5ad2a2b9d7d075001a429d1b | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show i... | When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show rejected? | When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show rejected? | [
" When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109974 | 5ad3fa8f604f3c001a3ffb12 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | Up until 2015, who manufactured sodium thiopental? | Up until 2015, who manufactured sodium thiopental? | [
" Up until 2015, who manufactured sodium thiopental?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96501 | 572770dd5951b619008f8a00 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which t... | When was Ben Hagkol crucified? | When was Ben Hagkol crucified? | [
"When was Ben Hagkol crucified?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 70 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71919 | 57270731dd62a815002e97fc | Capacitor | Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying. Ripple current causes heat to be generated within the capacitor due to the dielectric losses caused by the changing field strength together with the current flow across the slightly r... | What is another cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor? | What is another cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor? | [
"What is another cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor?"
] | {
"text": [
"current flow across the slightly resistive supply lines or the electrolyte"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107486 | 5a6279caf8d794001af1c011 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In April 2010, Shell announced its intention to divest from downstream business of all African countries except South Africa and Egypt to Vitol and "Helios". In several countries such as Tunisia, protests and strikes broke out. Shell denied rumours of the sellout. Shell continues however upstream activities/extracting ... | When did protests break out in South Africa? | When did protests break out in South Africa? | [
"When did protests break out in South Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78446 | 572fb178a23a5019007fc8af | Greeks | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ? | What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ? | [
"What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Oracle of Apollo at Delphi"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63246 | 5a7a6ba921c2de001afe9c0c | Czech_language | Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English. Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages. Writing of ordinal numerals is similar to ... | What word is capitalized in phonetics in Latin? | What word is capitalized in phonetics in Latin? | [
"What word is capitalized in phonetics in Latin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75828 | 5705fed175f01819005e784b | The_Times | After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, follow... | How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982? | How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982? | [
"How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 years"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40329 | 5ad4f7315b96ef001a10a7e9 | Paper | The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quant... | What age did China's decreased exportation of silk lead to? | What age did China's decreased exportation of silk lead to? | [
"What age did China's decreased exportation of silk lead to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94615 | 5726c029f1498d1400e8ea35 | Queen_(band) | Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers. During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name. In 1998, the duo appeared at Luciano Pavarotti's benefit concert with May performing "Too Much Lov... | Which artist provided vocals for the Queen song found on the soundtrack to A Knight's Tale? | Which artist provided vocals for the Queen song found on the soundtrack to A Knight's Tale? | [
"Which artist provided vocals for the Queen song found on the soundtrack to A Knight's Tale?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robbie Williams"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84875 | 573036ea947a6a140053d2bf | San_Diego | Numerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and... | What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15? | What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15? | [
"What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15?"
] | {
"text": [
"high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) \"managed lanes\""
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62164 | 572680405951b619008f74d9 | Chicago_Cubs | On April 25, 1976, at Dodger Stadium, father-and-son protestors ran into the outfield and tried to set fire to a U.S. flag. When Cubs outfielder Rick Monday noticed the flag on the ground and the man and boy fumbling with matches and lighter fluid, he dashed over and snatched the flag to thunderous applause. When he ca... | Who grabbed the flag before protesters could light it on fire? | Who grabbed the flag before protesters could light it on fire? | [
"Who grabbed the flag before protesters could light it on fire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rick Monday"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34615 | 56f8cf869b226e1400dd1051 | Southampton | In addition to school sixth forms at St Anne's and King Edward's there are two sixth form colleges: Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College. A number of Southampton pupils will travel outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. Southampton City College is a further education college serving t... | How many standalone sixth form colleges are there in Southampton? | How many standalone sixth form colleges are there in Southampton? | [
"How many standalone sixth form colleges are there in Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50373 | 572e9ac6dfa6aa1500f8d1ea | Neptune | Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide... | Which clouds on Neptune are suitable for methane to condense? | Which clouds on Neptune are suitable for methane to condense? | [
"Which clouds on Neptune are suitable for methane to condense? "
] | {
"text": [
"upper-level"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78101 | 5728200fff5b5019007d9d97 | Strasbourg | Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the forti... | What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly? | What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly? | [
"What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly?"
] | {
"text": [
"Water tourism"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50813 | 572ea33603f9891900756880 | Seven_Years%27_War | Years later, Kaunitz kept trying to establish France's alliance with Austria. He tried as hard as he could for Austria to not get entangled in Hanover's political affairs, and was even willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid in recapturing Silesia. Frustrated by this decision and by the Dutch Republic's ... | What did Russia use Britain's money for? | What did Russia use Britain's money for? | [
"What did Russia use Britain's money for?"
] | {
"text": [
"to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111646 | 572b8b8734ae481900deae94 | Education | Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and lan... | In which two systems can Indigenous education be used? | In which two systems can Indigenous education be used? | [
"In which two systems can Indigenous education be used?"
] | {
"text": [
"formal and non-formal educational systems"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49282 | 5a87110c1d3cee001a6a10bc | Tuberculosis | It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk. Part of the reasoni... | How long do you have to wait to get the TB vaccine? | How long do you have to wait to get the TB vaccine? | [
"How long do you have to wait to get the TB vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76777 | 572ac2a9be1ee31400cb821c | Philadelphia | The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS. The highest-rated stations in Ph... | When did the first radio stations appear? | When did the first radio stations appear? | [
"When did the first radio stations appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"1922"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34049 | 5ad40de5604f3c001a4000f8 | Alaska | Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time ... | Why were alternative energy sources judged economical in 2001? | Why were alternative energy sources judged economical in 2001? | [
"Why were alternative energy sources judged economical in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111847 | 5727758f5951b619008f8a67 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Charles Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809. Both envisaged that spontaneous generation produced simple forms of life that progressively developed greater complexity, adapting to the envir... | What was the name of the scientist who developed and published a more complex version of Erasmus Darwin's theory in 1809? | What was the name of the scientist who developed and published a more complex version of Erasmus Darwin's theory in 1809? | [
"What was the name of the scientist who developed and published a more complex version of Erasmus Darwin's theory in 1809?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103752 | 5a3c0201cc5d22001a521d0e | East_Prussia | A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit... | In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur? | In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur? | [
"In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26922 | 5a8cf5f9fd22b3001a8d909e | United_States_dollar | Usually, the short-term goal of open market operations is to achieve a specific short-term interest rate target. In other instances, monetary policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold. For example, in the case of the United States th... | What is the short term goal of open mouth operatioins? | What is the short term goal of open mouth operatioins? | [
"What is the short term goal of open mouth operatioins?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75499 | 5acfc92477cf76001a685f87 | Cubism | The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exagge... | What does Cooper say is the last Cubist picture? | What does Cooper say is the last Cubist picture? | [
" What does Cooper say is the last Cubist picture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60661 | 5ace471732bba1001ae4a17b | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Public schools are part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) district. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In September 2008, 16,539 students had been enrolled in the Ann Arbor Public Schools. There were 21 elementary schools, five middle schools (Forsythe, Slauson, Tappan, Scarlett, and Clague) thr... | What high school operates in the former Mack School? | What high school operates in the former Mack School? | [
"What high school operates in the former Mack School?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84252 | 5ad38450604f3c001a3fe518 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | What does the Vice President become Commander in Chief of? | What does the Vice President become Commander in Chief of? | [
"What does the Vice President become Commander in Chief of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37635 | 572841f8ff5b5019007da01f | London | London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Over 85 percent (3.2 million) of the... | What is the largest industry in London? | What is the largest industry in London? | [
"What is the largest industry in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"finance"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80405 | 572fd29ea23a5019007fca49 | Bacteria | In ordinary circumstances, transduction, conjugation, and transformation involve transfer of DNA between individual bacteria of the same species, but occasionally transfer may occur between individuals of different bacterial species and this may have significant consequences, such as the transfer of antibiotic resistan... | What is horizontal gene transfer? | What is horizontal gene transfer? | [
"What is horizontal gene transfer?"
] | {
"text": [
"gene acquisition from other bacteria or the environment"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41279 | 5731dfa30fdd8d15006c65df | Egypt | Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian com... | What church do 90% of Christian minority in Egypt belong? | What church do 90% of Christian minority in Egypt belong? | [
"What church do 90% of Christian minority in Egypt belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Coptic Orthodox Church"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
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