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acne is a very common dermatological problem , especially in teenagers and also quite frequently in adults .
scarring and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) are the two main complications of acne and are also the prominent reasons , which principally bring patients to a dermatologist .
pih occurs with highe... | background : postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ( pih ) is a common sequela seen in the indian population following affliction by acne .
it is psychologically extremely disturbing for the patients and can severely affect the quality of life .
very few therapeutic modalities have proved to be really efficacious in t... |
a total of 947 independent cancer cell lines were profiled at the genomic level ( data available at www.broadinstitute.org/ccle and gene expression omnibus ( geo ) using accession numbers gse36139 ) and compound sensitivity data was obtained for 479 lines ( supplementary table 11 ) .
mutation information was obtained... | the systematic translation of cancer genomic data into knowledge of tumor biology and therapeutic avenues remains challenging .
such efforts should be greatly aided by robust preclinical model systems that reflect the genomic diversity of human cancers and for which detailed genetic and pharmacologic annotation is av... |
pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder accounts for less than 0.05% of all bladder tumors and less than 1% of all the pheochromocytomas . various imaging studies
metaiodobenzylguanidine ( mibg ) scan is considered specific but has limited utility because of cost and restricted availability .
pheochromocytomas are usua... | pheochromocytoma of urinary bladder are rare tumors .
they present with nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms , so imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and localizing the tumor .
we present two cases of bladder pheochromocytoma , one of them presented with vague abdominal pain and the other with hematuri... |
natural selection is the process of preservation of genotypes among organisms , which increase chances of survival , procreation and multiplication from generation to generation at the expense of less - advantageous ones .
natural selection may arise from differences in survival , fertility , rate of development , ma... | the present investigation on fertility and mortality differential among kinnaura of the himalayan highland is based on data collected from 160 post - menopausal women belonging to the middle and high altitude region of kinnaur district of himachal pradesh ( indian himalayas ) .
selection potential based on differenti... |
the dominant theoretical models of health outcomes or the consequence of disease have been the models developed by the world health organisation .
the most recent version , the international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) is based on a biopsychosocial model that integrates medical and... | purposethe aim of the study was to explore if the impact of osteoarthritis varies with respect to age , gender and social deprivation .
impact was defined as impairment , activity limitations and participation restriction ( international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) ) . investigating ... |
, they spent an average 8.4 percent of their gdp on health care , up by 0.3 percentage points from 2000 .
pressures for further growth arise from rapid advances in medical technologies , population aging , and rising public expectations .
oecd data show that health care spending has outpaced economic growth over th... | this article presents data on health care spending for 30 oecd countries from oecd health data 2003 , the latest edition of oecd 's annual data collection on health systems across industrialized countries .
oecd data show health care expenditures as a proportion of gross domestic product at an all - time high , due t... |
population studies showed a strong correlation between pro - inflammatory biomarkers ( such as c - reactive protein , interleukin-6 [ il-6 ] and tumour necrosis factor-[tnf- ] ) and perturbations in glucose homeostasis , obesity and atherosclerosis [ 2 , 3 ] .
another emerging risk factor is oxidized low - density li... | abstractthe initial event in atherogenesis is the increased transcytosis of low density lipoprotein , and its subsequent deposition , retention and modification in the subendothelium .
it is followed by the infiltration of activated inflammatory cells from the coronary circulation into the arterial wall . there
the... |
health care personnel and specially physicians in almost all countries , regardless of the level of development , work in more than one job or sector ( 1 , 2 ) . the practice has been mentioned in a number of studies as common and ubiquitous among physicians and other health staff ( 15 ) .
dual practice ( dp ) , dual... | background : physician dual practice is a common phenomenon in almost all countries throughout the world , which could potential impacts on access , equity and quality of services .
this paper aims to review studies in physician dual practice and categorize them in order to their main objectives and purposes.methods:... |
the presence of bilateral normal eyes with open angles was confirmed by prior ophthalmoscopic examination .
the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards in the declaration of helsinki and was approved by the university of southern california institutional review board . written informed consent wa... | purpose : to compare anterior chamber angle parameters based on the location of schwalbe line ( sl ) from 2 spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) instruments and to measure their reproducibility.methods:forty-two eyes from 21 normal , healthy participants underwent imaging of the inferior irido - co... |
refractive surgery is an evolving ground in recent ophthalmology and photorefractive keratectomy ( prk ) is one of the most popular means to correct refractive error of the eye .
many studies have carried to evaluate long - time stability , complications and causative factors in eyes underwent prk .
kim et al . , s... | background : this study aimed to compare two doses of mitomycin c in reducing haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy.methods:170 eyes of 85 patients enrolled ; in each patient one eye randomly assigned to be treated by low dose intraoperative mmc ( ldmmc ) and other eye by standard dose mmc ( sdmmc ) .
then... |
a novel influenza a ( h1n1 ) virus was identified in april 2009 that rapidly spread worldwide . the clinical syndrome associated with 2009 pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ) [ 2009 h1n1 ]
some host risk factors such as chronic pulmonary disease , pregnancy , immunosuppression , neuromuscular disease , and morbid obesity a... | please cite this paper as : devries et al .
( 2012 ) neuraminidase h275y and hemagglutinin d222 g mutations in a fatal case of 2009 pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ) virus infection .
influenza and other respiratory viruses 6(601 ) , e85e88.oseltamivirresistant 2009 h1n1 influenza virus infections associated with neur... |
mutations in the alpha and beta globin genes of hemoglobin ( hgb ) frequently occur . among the most
commonly encountered worldwide is the 6gluval substitution defining hgb s. in sickle cell disease both beta globin genes are affected while in sickle cell trait ( sct ) one normal and one mutated beta globin gene resu... | sickle cell trait ( sct ) occurs in about 8% of african - americans and is often described to be of little clinical consequence . over time , a number of risks have emerged , and among these are rare but catastrophic episodes of sudden death in athletes and other individuals associated with physical activities which is... |
. however , the blush grade does not take into account the area of the blush
. it would be better if both the blush grade , and area of blush can be calculated .
vogelzang et al . have developed a computer program that allows the calculation of the quantitative blush evaluator .
when the operator has drawn the po... | background : myocardial perfusion grade ( mpg ) is an accepted method of evaluating myocardial perfusion .
however , it does not take into the account , the extent of the perfusion .
we hypothesized that myocardial blush area times mpg ( total blush ) would be more accurate than simple mpg , and yield better progno... |
leishmaniasis refers to the spectrum of diseases caused by leishmania species , which are protozoa of order kinetoplastida .
clinically leishmaniasis is divided into visceral ( kala - azar ) , cutaneous , mucosal , and mucocutaneous syndromes and pkdl .
kala - azar is most commonly caused by l. donovani , l. infant... | objective . to study the prevalence of epistaxis in visceral leismaniasis and its correlation with hematological profile
. methods .
out of 80 diagnosed cases of visceral leishmaniasis , 19 patients with epistaxis were included in the study .
diagnosis was made by rk-39 from peripheral smear and ld bodies from bo... |
the details of study methodology and questionnaires were reported previously . in brief , we used retrospective , comparative , small sample study design with structured and unstructured questionnaires to obtain data from 136 patients on patient satisfaction between october and december 2007 from the two rural vcs serv... | aim : this paper intends to discuss the patients perspective on the determinants of primary eye care services from vision centers ( vc ) in rural india.materials and methods : a retrospective study design and interview method was used on 127 randomly selected patients who accessed the 4 vcs in 2007 .
factor analyses ... |
high cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) and stroke ( 1 ) .
since chd is one of the most common diseases both in the developed and developing countries , high total cholesterol ( tc ) is a major cause of disease burden and mortality .
generally worldwide , high tc... | background : high cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke . understanding the distribution of serum cholesterol levels in each country is valuable index for use in public health planning .
this study aimed to construct nomograms of total cholesterol ( tc ) levels and... |
anti - n - methyl - d - aspartate receptor ( nmdar ) encephalitis is a recently described form of autoimmune encephalitis that has characteristic clinical features that include psychosis , dyskinesia , encephalopathy , seizures , and autonomic dysfunctions.13 as one of the main symptom in anti - nmdar encephalitis , ca... | catatonia is one of the main symptoms of anti - n - methyl - d - aspartate receptor ( nmdar ) encephalitis .
however , it is unknown whether metabolic changes observed with 18f - fluorodeoxyglucose positron - emission tomography ( fdg - pet ) are correlated with the severity of the catatonic symptoms and clinical cou... |
hrthle cell carcinoma ( hcc ) is a distinct and rare subtype of well - differentiated thyroid cancers .
the aggressive nature of hcc stems from the higher propensity for multifocality , lymph node ( ln ) metastasis and distant metastasis compared to the other types of well - differentiated thyroid cancer .
unlike t... | introduction : hrthle cell carcinoma ( hcc ) is a rare tumor that tends to metastasize to the lymph nodes .
some studies have correlated size of hrthle cell tumors with the risk of malignancy .
whether the size of hcc correlates with the risk of lymph node ( ln ) metastases , to our knowledge has not been addressed... |
rhabdomyolysis , a syndrome of skeletal muscle cell damage , engenders the release of toxic intracellular materials into systemic circulation 1 .
the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis is based on an increase in free ionized calcium in the cytoplasm 1 .
prompt diagnosis requires routine monitoring of serum creatine kin... | key clinical messagea schizophrenic patient showed rhabdomyolysis with idiopathic transaminitis .
the intermixed pattern of intrahepatic and extrahepatic alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) elevation is associated with respective clinicaltherapeutic events .
aminotransferases play a role as surrogate biomarkers of li... |
traumatic macular holes can have various clinical courses : some close spontaneously , while others persist without treatment.1 recent papers have reported the efficacy of vitrectomy for treatment of traumatic macular hole.2,3 however , the role of vitrectomy is not well established .
recent studies have shown a high... | the authors present a rare case of large chorioretinal rupture caused by blunt traumatic injury of the globe . a 22-year - old woman sustained a blunt injury to her left eye
. the best - corrected snellen visual acuity was 2/20 in her left eye , and hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage were noted .
the day after the inj... |
the rapid pace of progress made by laparoscopic surgeons , however , has resulted in some concern and criticism as the role of operative laparoscopy has continued to be redefined .
for instance , many conditions considered to represent absolute contraindications for laparoscopy only a short time ago are now accepted ... | the continually changing definition of operative laparoscopy as well as the ever - widening boundaries of its use are discussed in this report .
it is important to prepare residents to adequately undertake advanced laparoscopic surgery as laparotomy is gradually replaced by laparoscopy for many routine procedures . s... |
a 77-year - old female visited our clinic with a chief complaint of painful swelling in the submental area which had begun 2 days ago .
the patient had been treated for pulmonary edema caused by asthma and aspiration pneumonia from 7 years ago , and she was currently being treated for pyelitis , cerebral infarction ,... | the advent and wide use of antibiotics have decreased the incidence of deep neck infection .
when a deep neck infection does occur , however , it can be the cause of significant morbidity and death , resulting in airway obstruction , mediastinitis , pericarditis , epidural abscesses , and major vessel erosion . in ou... |
colorectal cancer screening is known to contribute to reduction of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer through detection of precursor lesions of cancer or early stage cancer , and the five - year survival rate of colorectal cancer diagnosed early was reported to around 90% ( 1,2 ) . in addition , the screening... | purposethis study aims to investigate the current situation of national colorectal cancer screening by analyzing participation rates , positive rates of screening methods and screening rate of secondary screening tests in colorectal screening of the national cancer screening program in 2008.materials and methodswith da... |
every one 's job , as a source of providing life needs , a factor of creating identity and
social relationship , is considered as the most important reasons of tenseness .
occupational stress is a physical and mental response emerged through interaction of an
individual with working environment and mismatching hi... | introduction : burnout syndrome is one of the consequences
and the results of occupational or job stress emerged in the form of emotional exhaustion
feeling , depersonalization and decrement personal accomplishment . the aim of this study
was to determine the occupational stress and its relationship with burnout ... |
supplementary note s1 , data s1 , tables s1s5 , and figures s1 and s2 are available at molecular biology and evolution online ( http://www.mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ ) . | y chromosomes have long been dismissed as graveyards of genes , but there is still much to be learned from the genetic relics of genes that were once functional on the human y. we identified human x - linked genes whose gametologs have been pseudogenized or completely lost from the y chromosome and inferred which evo... |
the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) is the noncellular component present within all tissues and organs ; it is produced mainly by a heterogeneous population of fibroblasts and provides essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents as well as biochemical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis , di... | parasitic protozoa are among the most important pathogens worldwide .
diseases such as malaria , leishmaniasis , amoebiasis , giardiasis , trichomoniasis , and trypanosomiasis affect millions of people .
humans are constantly threatened by infections caused by these pathogens .
parasites engage a plethora of surf... |
psoriasis is a common , chronic , t - lymphocyte - mediated inflammatory skin condition characterized by scaly erythematosus plaques on body surfaces , which affects nearly 2%3% of the world s population in all geographic regions.1 the prevalence rates reported from africa and asia varied from no cases detected to esti... | backgroundpsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease .
there is overwhelming evidence on the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis as a result of hyperlipidemia , which is more common in these patients.objectivesthe aim of this study was to elucidate the association between th... |
traumatic head and brain injuries , including penetrating head injuries , are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young people.1,2 however , in some patients these head injuries do not affect neurological function , even if the foreign body is retained in the brain parenchyma.27 when no neurological deficit... | objectivein young people , traumatic head and brain injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality . in some cases ,
no neurological deficits are present , even after penetrating trauma .
these patients have a greater risk of suffering from secondary injuries due to secondary infections , brain edema , a... |
the clinical replacement of lost natural teeth by osseointegrated implants has represented one of the most significant advances in restorative dentistry . since their introduction in the 1970s , endosseous oral implants have become an integral part of reconstructive dentistry .
initially , implant therapy was predomi... | introduction : nowadays , dental implants permit consideration of as one of the most reliable therapeutic modalities during the establishment of any prosthetic treatment plan . in numerous clinical situations , implants can clearly contribute to a notable simplification of therapy , frequently enabling removable prosth... |
parry - romberg syndrome ( prs ) also known as " progressive facial hemiatrophy "
is characterized by a progressive but self - limited atrophy of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue on one side of the face .
prs was first reported by
parry and then described as a syndrome by romberg .
there is a progressive
wa... | referencesbackgroundthe purpose of this report is to present a rare entity of parry - romberg
syndrome .
this poorly understood degenerative condition is characterised by
atrophic changes affecting one side of the face .
the cause of these changes
remains obscure.methodsthe authors report one rare case of a 3... |
the liver , which is the key organ of metabolism and excretion , is constantly endowed with the task of detoxifying xenobiotics , environmental pollutants , and chemotherapeutic agents .
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) are the most common liver diseases in the worl... | the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the extract of a well - known hepatospecific polyherbal formulation , liv.52 , in an experimental model of high - fat diet ( hfd)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) in rats . feeding a hfd for 15 weeks resulted in significant impairment of the l... |
emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) is a life - threatening , fulminant , necrotizing upper urinary tract infection associated with gas within the kidney and/or perinephric space .
we present the clinical profiles and outcome of eight patients with epn who were managed conservatively without any mortality .
during... | emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) is a severe , necrotizing renal parenchymal infection characterized by production of intraparenchymal gas .
epn predominantly affects female diabetics and immunocompromised patients . in a three - year period 20082011 ,
a total of 8 patients were admitted to our hospital .
all... |
diabetes and many other chronic diseases show a higher prevalence among groups of low socioeconomic status ( ses).1,2 in addition , patients with diabetes and a low ses have been shown to present with worse health outcomes such as poorer glycemic control , more diabetes - related complications , higher cardiovascular r... | purposelow socioeconomic status is associated with higher prevalence of diabetes , worse outcomes , and worse quality of care .
we explored the relationship between education , as a measure of socioeconomic status , and quality of care in the swiss context.patients and methodsdata were drawn from a population - based... |
liver diseases , including viral hepatitis , toxic liver diseases , alcoholic liver diseases , and autoimmune hepatitis , represent a global health problem in humans .
so far , only some kinds of the liver diseases can be managed pharmacologically [ 1 , 2 ] .
therefore , new pharmaceuticals need to be developed and... | this study was designed to study the protective effects and mechanisms of n - acetylcysteine ( nac ) in concanavalin a - induced hepatitis in mice . in this study , pretreatment with nac ameliorated the histopathological changes and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in cona - induced hepatitis .
the expression of il-... |
the past decade has seen major shifts in how we view the biology and consequences of regimen - related toxicities associated with cancer therapy .
tissue - specific damage such as mucositis , dermatitis , or fibrosis is no longer thought to be the sole consequence of direct clonogenic cell death . a relationship betw... | treatment - related toxicities are common among patients with head and neck cancer , leading to poor clinical outcomes , reduced quality of life , and increased use of healthcare resources . over the last decade , much has been learned about the pathogenesis of cancer regimen - related toxicities .
historically , tox... |
as discussed elsewhere , the congenital adrenal hyperplasias ( cahs ) are genetic defects in cortisol biosynthesis
. low cortisol removes feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropin ( acth ) secretion , which causes adrenal hyperplasia .
the clinical consequences of cah derive from both the shunting of cortisol ... | congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) , most commonly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency ( 21ohd ) , has been studied by pediatric endocrinologists for decades .
advances in the care of these patients have enabled many of these children to reach adulthood .
in contrast to the course and management of the disease in ... |
text real time sonoelastography ( rte ) is a new sonographic/ imaging method used for the appreciation of the physical characteristics of the tissues .
the method differentiates between the hardness of the diseased tissue and of the surrounding one .
malignant tumors are harder compared to benign ones and about 100... | introduction : real time - sonoelastography ( rte ) is a new developed technique that reveals the physical properties of the tissue by characterizing the difference in hardness between diseased tissue and surrounding tissue .
elasticity measurements have been already reported to be useful for the diagnosis and differ... |
a 35-year - old previously healthy woman was admitted to the emergency unit of ramn y cajal university hospital , madrid , spain , on march 25 , 2011 , because of a 4-day fever and arthralgias .
she had just returned from an 11-month leisure travel trip through africa , during which she visited madagascar and 14 coun... | the worldwide epidemiology of melioidosis is changing .
we describe a case of acute melioidosis in spain in a patient who had traveled to africa .
a novel sequence type of burkholderia pseudomallei was identified in this patient .
clinicians should be aware of the possibility of melioidosis in travelers returning... |
the microfluidic cell is made by fusing a patterned , 2 mm thick , polydimethylsiloxane ( pdms ) disk to a freshly cleaned quartz cover slip .
the pdms disk contains four 30 l rectangular chambers that are accessed by inlet and outlet flexible capillaries connected to a buffer reservoir and a syringe pump , respectiv... | fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( fret ) microscopy has been widely used to study the structure and dynamics of molecules of biological interest , such as nucleic acids and proteins .
single molecule fret ( sm - fret ) measurements on immobilized molecules permit long observations of the system -effectively un... |
at the core of personalized medicine is the identification of factors influencing disease processes and therapy [ 1 , 2 ] .
consequently , characterizing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug in diverse populations is essential in improving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse events . f... | physiological , hormonal , and genetic differences between males and females affect the prevalence , incidence , and severity of diseases and responses to therapy .
understanding these differences is important for designing safe and effective treatments .
this paper summarizes sex differences that impact drug dispo... |
a total of 15 children in the age group of 7 - 9 years participated in the study .
all the children and their parents were informed before sealing and they gave their consent . at the baseline , status of occlusal surface
was evaluated under standardized conditions by a trained examiner using a flat mirror and a bl... | aim : the aim of the study is to compare two different methods : enameloplasty sealant technique ( est ) and conventional sealant technique ( cst ) in terms of the presence or loss of sealant and the presence or absence of caries after 6 , 12 , and 18 months.materials and methods : a total of 15 children in the age gro... |
spectrum disorders include localized scleroderma ( ls ) variants and systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) the latter of which is further divided into diffuse cutaneous ( dc)ssc , limited cutaneous ( lc ) ssc , and ssc sine scleroderma .
the forms of ssc are differentiated primarily on the basis of the pattern of skin involveme... | systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) is a chronic fibrosing disease characterized by vasculopathy , autoimmunity , and an accumulation of collagen in tissues .
numerous studies have shown that compared to healthy or diseased controls , the peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmc ) from patients with ssc produce a variety of ... |
transthyretin ( ttr)related familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( fap ) is an inherited systemic amyloidosis caused by ttr gene mutations , and is characterized by peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in association with the involvement of many visceral organs 1 . as the liver is the main source of circulating ttr , includi... | abstractthe most serious issue in domino liver transplantation ( dlt ) using liver grafts from patients with transthyretin ( ttr)related familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( fap ) is the development of iatrogenic transmitted amyloidosis ( de novo amyloidosis ) in dltrecipients .
however , little is known regarding the m... |
genetic association studies take advantage of the fact that we can measure genotypes directly via either protein electro - phoretic or molecular genetic methods .
the goal is to explain the variation in the disease trait of interest using an individual 's genotype as a genetic marker .
there are two basic types of ... | the pbat software package ( v2.5 ) provides a unique set of tools for complex family - based association analysis at a genome - wide level .
pbat can handle nuclear families with missing parental genotypes , extended pedigrees with missing genotypic information , analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) ,... |
colonic diverticular hemorrhage is the most common cause of massive hematochezia [ 1 , 2 ] . both colonoscopy with endoscopic treatment and angiography with embolization have been shown to be effective for definite diverticular bleeding [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] .
these methods , however , are not helpful for presumed diverticul... | many patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding do not have an identifiable source of bleeding at colonoscopy .
a significant percentage of these patients will have recurrent bleeding . in many patients ,
the presence of multiple diverticula leads to a diagnosis of presumed diverticular bleeding .
current trea... |
there has been much controversy over the baseline heart rate for a normal term fetus ( 1 - 6 ) .
gibb and arulkumaran ( 2 ) and spencer ( 3 ) proposed that the baseline fetal heart rate ( fhr ) range should lie between 110 and 150 beats per minute ( bpm ) and emphasized the possibility of serious problems resulting f... | the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of different fetal heart rate ( fhr ) ranges in the nonstress test ( nst ) and to better understand the meaning of mild bradycardia and/or tachycardia without non - reassuring patterns .
we employed the heredity to show that mild bradycardia ( 100 - 119 bea... |
a considerable number of natural and public disasters such as mass shootings , earthquakes , floods and hurricanes , and catastrophic accidents in the air and on the ground have occurred in recent years . notwithstanding the deep tragedy of these events , they offer opportunities for important research in the bioscienc... | disasters such as flash flooding , mass shootings , and train and airplane accidents involving large numbers of victims produce significant opportunity for research in the biosciences .
this opportunity exists in the extreme tails of life events , however , during which decisions about life and death , valuing and fo... |
magnetoencephalography ( meg ) records the extracranial magnetic field generated by the electrical activity of the brain ( 1 ) . because meg records continuous magnetic activity through multiple sensors that cover the entire brain , it has excellent temporal and spatial resolution compared with other modalities used to... | this study was performed to assess the usefulness of magnetoencephalography ( meg ) as a presurgical evaluation modality in korean pediatric patients with lesional localization - related epilepsy .
the medical records and meg findings of 13 pediatric patients ( 6 boys and 7 girls ) with localization - related epileps... |
the wnt family comprises a group of secreted , lipid - modified , signaling glycoproteins . in mammalian systems , there are at least 19 members of the wnt protein family ( for more details , see the wnt homepage : www.stanford.edu/group/nusselab/cgi-bin/wnt ) .
wnt proteins transmit their signal across the plasma me... | wnt/-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved , highly complex , key developmental pathway that regulates cell fate , organ development , tissue homeostasis , as well as injury and repair .
although relatively silent in normal adult kidney , wnt/-catenin signaling is re - activated after renal injury in a wid... |
in the united states , there has been a movement to demand more accurate blood glucose meter performance for hospitalized patients .
food and drug administration ( fda ) in march 2010 , where many diabetes professionals requested a new two - track regulatory approach to distinguish the needs of patients who use meter... | in briefpoint - of - care ( poc ) tests provide analytical information that can be used to make decisions at patients ' bedside , as opposed to laboratory tests that must be run at a central laboratory .
poc testing is a widely used tool to enable immediate determination of glucose levels in hospitalized patients and... |
since it was first described by semm in 1983 , laparoscopic appendicectomy has gained acceptance as a diagnostic and treatment method for acute appendicitis .
appendicitis constitutes a nosologie entity whose incidence is about 7% in industrialized countries ; a usa report shows approximately 300,000 cases / year ,... | there are many questions regarding the advantages and disadvatanges of a videolaparoscopic approach in the treatment of acute appendicits .
the authors present the results of a non - randomized , prospective study with 496 patients admitted between january 1992 and march 1998 by the general surgery service of so rafa... |
panax ginseng meyer root has been considered as a medicinal plant in eastern countries for thousands of years , and has been widely used for its health promotion in various disease conditions .
panax ginseng can be classified by its processing methods and include fresh ginseng , white ginseng ( air - dried ) , red gi... | the steaming process of panax ginseng has been reported to increase its major known bioactive components , ginsenosides , and , therefore , its biological properties as compared to regular panax ginseng . biological functions of red panax ginseng attenuating pro - oxidant environments associated with chronic diseases a... |
secondary implications of malignancies are often more life - threatening than the malignancy itself and need early detection and urgent intervention .
we report a similar case of a young gentleman , with a bulky friable middle esophageal mass , which invaded the bronchus , resulting in a broncho - esophageal ( be ) f... | sinister undesirable pathologies often accompany malignancies .
though the entire emphasis is on cancer management , these benign conditions are more life - threatening than the primary malignancy itself .
we report an interesting imaging finding of broncho - esophageal fistula leading to lung abscess on 18f fluoro... |
while x - ray crystallography can be used to determine molecular structures at atomic resolution in principle , it is often not possible because of limitations in crystal quality .
due to their inherent flexibility and the relative sparsity of contacts with which to hold a crystal lattice together , the highest resol... | despite the recent substantial technological developments in x - ray crystallography , solving and refining structures at low resolutions remain substantial challenges .
many macromolecular crystals , especially those of large molecules or multicomponent assemblies , diffract x - rays to resolutions that are worse th... |
clinical signs and the laboratory findings were evaluated for 17 children < 2 years of age , hospitalized in four pediatric wards in different areas of israel .
all these children had gastroenteritis attributable to eaec or enterotoxigenic e. coli ( etec ) of serotype o126:h27 ( table 1 ) .
eaec , enteroaggregative... | enteroaggregative escherichia coli ( eaec ) is a newly diarrheagenic agent wherein several predominant serotypes are reported .
we studied the association between those serotypes , as clonal indicators , and the trait of enteroaggregative adherence to host cells , tested by polymerase chain reaction .
we also evalu... |
post - kala - azar dermal leishmaniasis ( pkdl ) is a skin disorder that often appears after treatment for visceral leishmaniasis ( vl ) patients .
it has also been reported in individuals without prior history of vl as well as those undergoing treatment for vl .
clinical manifestations of pkdl are macular , maculo... | identification of post - kala - azar dermal leishmaniasis ( pkdl ) is important due to the long and toxic treatment and the fact that pkdl patients may serve as a reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis ( vl ) .
we summarized the published literature about the accuracy of diagnostic tests for pkdl .
we searched medlin... |
successful endodontic treatment begins with an accurate diagnosis , which is the cornerstone for a successful treatment plan wherein , the clinician should go through various diagnostic modalities before diagnosis and treatment plan .
thorough clinical examination , detailed case history , radiographs , and pulp sens... | background : accurate diagnosis is key to success . diagnosing the pulpal status in varied clinical situations poses a challenge to the clinician . electric pulp test ( ept ) is one of the valuable attempts in evaluating the sensibility of pulp tissue .
the aim of this study was to find out and compare the threshold ... |
acrokeratosis verruciformis of hopf ( akv ) is a rare disorder of keratinization inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion .
it usually presents with multiple small , flat , flesh - colored , warty papules on dorsa of the hands , feet , knees , elbows , and on forearms .
the eruption affects both genders and is us... | acrokeratosis verruciformis of hopf ( akv ) is a rare disorder of keratinization inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion . a 15-year - old female presented with numerous skin - colored papular lesions over the neck as well as dorsa of the hands and feet of 7 years duration .
similar lesions were noted in her mothe... |
naf is a very useful imaging agent for the evaluation of bone abnormality . owing to its high bone affinity , rapid clearance , and low protein binding ,
naf is superior to tc - labeled phosphate agents in terms of bone image quality ( 1 , 2 ) .
furthermore , the fast kinetics of naf enables image acquisition as ea... | objectivena18f bone positron emission tomography ( bone pet ) is a new imaging modality which is useful for the evaluation of bone diseases . here ,
we compared the diagnostic accuracies between bone pet and bone scan for the detection of bone metastasis ( bm).materials and methodssixteen cancer patients ( m : f = 10... |
the commonest fungal infection reported , of the central nervous system ( cns ) , is candidal meningitis.[15 ] we undertook a retrospective analysis of six cases from which the candida species were isolated from ventriculoperitoneal shunt fluids .
a retrospective analysis of six cases of candidal infection of the vp ... | although ventriculoperitoneal ( vp ) shunt infection is a common complication of shunt procedures , fungal infection is considered to be rare . in the present study , we performed retrospective analysis of six cases in which candida infection occurred .
in all these six cases , vp shunt was performed in children for ... |
transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( ta - tavr ) through mini - thoracotomy is an alternative approach to aortic valve replacement that has been used successfully in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis .
patients who qualify for ta - tavr are considered to be high - risk or inappropriate ... | introductiontransapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an option for patients who are not candidates for traditional aortic valve surgery but have severe aortic stenosis and unfavorable ileo - femoral anatomy .
epidural analgesia in these cases has been associated with improved morbidity and mortality .
... |
the ability to maintain balance is the most basic element required for people to lead
normal daily lives and perform intended activities1 .
however , difficulty with balance and postural control in stroke
patients leads to defective movement ability , interferes with detailed performance of upper
limb functions... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of training using dual
tasks on balance ability in stroke patients . [ subjects ]
forty stroke patients were divided
into a dual - task training group ( n = 20 ) and a single task training group ( n = 20 )
randomly . [ methods ]
the subjects i... |
the right to health services in equal conditions is a priority in the developed world and particularly in the countries of the european union , of which spain is a member state .
access to health services should be regardless of wealth , education , age or ethnic group , among other social markers . yet
, this is o... | knowing what real use is made of health services by immigrant population is of great interest .
the objectives are to analyze the use of primary care services by immigrants compared to spanish nationals and to analyze these differences in relation to geographic origin .
retrospective observational study of all prim... |
twenty - eight healthy participants were recruited from employees and patients of mayo clinic , or local area residents as part of a multicenter clinical trial ( nct01677507 ) .
each participant underwent a general health interview and comprehensive ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity , iop with pneuma... | purposeit is not known if outflow facilities measured by pneumatonography and schitz tonography are interchangeable . in this study
we compared outflow facility measured by pneumatonography to outflow facility measured by digital schitz tonography.methodsfifty-six eyes from 28 healthy participants , ages 41 to 68 yea... |
sample
preparation . gold nanorods ( 50 nm 60 nm 160
nm )
were fabricated on a glass coverslip with a 50 nm au layer and
a 1 nm titanium adhesion layer by negative - tone electron - beam lithography
in combination with reactive - ion etching .
lh2 was purified from rhodopseudomonas acidophila ( strain 10 ... | nanoantennas
are well - known for their effective role in fluorescence enhancement ,
both in excitation and emission
. enhancements of 34 orders
of magnitude have been reported . yet in practice , the photon emission
is limited by saturation due to the time that a molecule spends in
singlet and especially t... |
leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata ( lpd ) is a benign condition , and a very rare disease .
it is suspected that this disease originates from a metaplasia of submesothelial multipotent mesenchymal cells .
since female gonadal steroids play an important role in the pathogenesis of lpd , it is generally associa... | leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a very rare condition characterized by the development of multiple smooth muscle - like nodules in the peritoneal cavity .
it is associated with increased serum levels of gonadal steroids .
the present report describes a 29-year - old patient underwent transabdominal hyste... |
the
enantioselective , intermolecular hydroallylation of vinylarenes
employing allylic phosphate electrophiles has been achieved through
a copper hydride catalyzed process .
the protocol described herein
can be applied to a diverse set of vinylarene substrates and allows
for the installation of the parent a... | |
monocytes have been demonstrated to be precursors of professional antigen - presenting cells , such as macrophages and dendritic cells ( dcs ) [ 13 ] . in response to danger stimuli ,
circulating blood monocytes migrate into damaged or infected tissues and differentiate into mature macrophages or dcs . after taking u... | previously , we demonstrated that prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) induces c - c chemokine receptor type 7 ( ccr7 ) expression on human monocytes , which stimulates their subsequent migration in response to the ccr7 natural ligands ccl19 and ccl21 . in this study , we determined whether pge2 affects ccr7 expression on macroph... |
transesterification and acylation reactions are important transformations in organic chemistry , and esters are widely found in many naturally occurring compounds.1 although a number of methods have been reported for the acylation of alcohols , some of these use bases , elevated temperatures , or lengthy workup procedu... | a method has been developed for the conversion of primary , secondary , and tertiary alcohols , and phenol , into the corresponding esters at room temperature .
the method uses a titanium(iii ) species generated from a substoichiometric amount of titanocene dichloride together with manganese(0 ) as a reductant , as w... |
various organs can be affected resulting in skin burn , musculoskeletal injury , myoglobinuria and ventricular fibrillation .
the electrical surge may also damage the heart conduction system resulting in various types of heart block . in this case
, the survivor of electrocution developed persistent low rate sinus ... | electrical or electrocution injury is a common accidental occurrence and mostly workplace related .
fatal arrhythmias , skin injury and sudden death may ensue . however , it is rare for electrocution to result in permanent low rate sinus bradycardia , incompatible with an active lifestyle .
the probable mechanisms ... |
constant fatigue is documented as one of the most frequent , ongoing symptom description by the patients following cancer treatment . cancer - related fatigue ( crf )
is a distressing , continual , and the personal sense of physical , emotional , and/or cognitive fatigue or tiredness related to cancer or cancer thera... | objective : the objective of this cross - sectional , noninterventional 3-month observational study was to analyze the prevalence of the cancer - related fatigue ( crf ) in cancer patient populations with correlation of crf with different treatment modalities.materials and methods : a descriptive study was carried out ... |
of the 35 patients with cutaneous or mucocutaneous / mucosal leishmaniasis , 30 were german tourists ( table 1 ) .
ten had contracted cutaneous or mucocutaneous / mucosal leishmaniasis in europe , 11 in central and south america , 6 in asia , and 3 in africa .
two persons had been infected during work stays of 1 to... | in 2000 , a reference center was created to systematically record leishmaniases in germany .
we analyzed 58 cases of leishmaniases imported during a 2-year period .
these findings will serve as a baseline for the sandfly vector s anticipated northward move because of global warming and as an advisory for immunocomp... |
the patient was a previously healthy 60-year - old housewife of mandarin chinese descent with well - controlled essential hypertension .
her regular medications consisted of once - daily doses of bisoprolol , irbesartan - chlorothiazide , and lercanidipine .
she lived in a bungalow in new taipei city , taiwan , wit... | we report an unusual case of pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009related encephalitis in an immunocompetent woman .
although rare cases of pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 associated with encephalitis have been reported previously , in this patient , direct viral invasion of the central nervous system was shown by simultaneous detection of ... |
plasma cell neoplasms result from expansion of a single clone of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells .
plasma cell myeloma is characterized by presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum or urine or both , with anemia , osteolytic lesions , bone pain , hypercalcemia , and renal failure .
osteolytic lesions in t... | multiple myeloma is a disease resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells .
a disease of the elderly , jaw lesions are seen in 14% of patients affected with myeloma .
rarely the oral and maxillofacial lesions can be the first manifestation of the disease .
we report the case of a 75-year - old man who pre... |
tributyltin ( tbt ) is one of the most toxic compounds still used in antifouling paints for large commercial ships thereby distributed within the aquatic environment .
its distribution and accumulation in aquatic organisms leads to severe effects and has already reduced the number of snail species in the near of sea ... | tributyltin ( tbt ) is one of the most toxic compounds produced by man and distributed in the environment .
a multitude of toxic activities have been described , for example , immunotoxic , neurotoxic , and endocrine disruptive effects .
moreover , it has been shown for many cell types that they undergo apoptosis a... |
moreover , restrictions of physical functioning among
older adults are very important1 , 2 .
spinal pain is the most common of all
chronic pain disorders . in a previous study ,
including back and
neck pain , spinal pain negatively affects mobility and aerobic capacity of the elderly .
chronic diseases and ... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to show the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain
of the spinal column and lower extremities on physical functioning , emotional status , and
independency in older adults . [ subjects ] in this cross - sectional study , 258 older adults
( mean age , 71.985.86 years , 50.8% ... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide . in korea , hcc is the third most common primary malignant tumor and the third leading cause of death in patients with cancer .
spontaneous rupture of hcc is an uncommon , but fatal complication leading to immediate death , and especia... | a 57-yr - old woman previously diagnosed with chronic hepatitis b was admitted via the emergency room because she suddenly developed epigastric pain with abdominal distension . on computed tomography ( ct ) ,
a round enhancing mass was found on the left hepatic lobe with ascites in the peritoneal space .
bloody asc... |
s. paucimobilis is a gram - negative , slightly motile , non - fermentative , oxidase positive opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes infections in humans , and forms yellow - pigmented s colony in blood agar 1 .
it was first discovered as an agent in humans in 1977 and named pseudomonas paucimobilis .
varieties... | sphingomonas paucimobilis , is a yellow - pigmented , aerobic , non fermentative , gram negative motile bacillus .
s. paucimobilis which is widely found in nature and hospital environments rarely cause serious or life threatening infections . in this report , a case of hospital
acquired bloodstream infection due to... |
elderly people are vulnerable subgroups in different populations and their health
conditions are a matter of concern . in the state of demographic transition , iranian
population has been changing toward elderly in the two recent decades .
the national census
data in islamic republic of iran showed that about 5... | introduction : in the stage of demographic transition , the
rate of elderly is increasing and their health condition is a matter of concern .
thus , the
objective of this study was to investigate the health related quality of life ( qol ) and
the associated socio - demographic determinants among iranian elderly... |
a 55-year - old man with hypertension was admitted to a local hospital with a 2-day history of persistent nausea , myalgia , and epigastric pain following vomiting after drinking alcohol .
he had been receiving anticoagulant medication due to thrombosis of the portal vein , superior mesenteric vein , and splenic vein... | spontaneous perforation of the esophagus after forceful vomiting is known as boerhaave syndrome , a rare and life - threatening condition associated with a high rate of mortality .
the management of boerhaave syndrome is challenging , especially when diagnosed late .
herein , we report the successful management of ... |
maturity onset diabetes of the young ( mody ) is a monogenic form of diabetes characterized by absence of ketosis , autosomal dominant inheritance , primary defect in pancreatic beta - cell function , and onset before the age of 25.1,2 mody type 3 is the most common form and is caused by mutations in the hnf4a gene.1 m... | maturity onset diabetes of the young ( mody ) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus typically seen in young adults that results from pancreatic beta - cell dysfunction .
mody4 is a rare subtype caused by a pdx1 mutation . in this case , we present a nonobese 26-year - old male with polyuria and polydipsia .
lab work ... |
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is the most common vasculitis in children with an incidence of approximately 10 per 100,000 children per year and is slightly common among boys ( 60% ) than girls ( 40% ) .
the diagnosis is based on the palpable purpura in the presence of one of either diffuse abdominal pain , a bi... | background .
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is the most common childhood vasculitis with an incidence of approximately 10 per 100 000 children .
there is some evidence to support steroid therapy in the treatment of severe abdominal pain , severe nephritis , and central nervous system involvement .
however , th... |
because of the emergence and spread of
multidrug resistant microorganisms and pathogenic bacterial infections ,
novel chemotype antibacterial agents demonstrating distinct modes
of action from existing antibiotics are urgently needed .
natural products
are known as rich sources of bioactive molecules and chem... | on
the basis of recently reported abyssinone ii and olympicin a , a series
of chemically modified flavonoid phytochemicals were synthesized and
evaluated against mycobacterium tuberculosis and
a panel of gram - positive and -negative bacterial pathogens .
some of
the synthesized compounds exhibited good ant... |
three cases of single - port vats were performed for lung cancer in haeundae paik hospital .
preoperatively , needle biopsy was performed in all of the patients , and lung cancer was confirmed by microscopic examination . under general anesthesia ,
the patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position and one lung... | video - assisted thoracic surgery ( vats ) is a minimally invasive technique that has many advantages in postoperative pain and recovery time . because of its advantages ,
vats is one of the surgical techniques widely used in patients with lung cancer .
most surgeons perform vats for lung cancer with three or more ... |
as most clinicians are aware , clozapine is clearly superior in the management of treatment - resistant schizophrenia . unlike classic neuroleptic agents ,
clozapine does not cause parkinsonism , dystonia,1 or tardive dyskinesia , nor does it elevate prolactin levels.2 a meta - analysis3 confirmed the efficacy of clo... | we describe a case of a patient whose clozapine was discontinued after a red result following r - chop ( rituximab with cyclophosphamide , hydroxydaunorubicin , oncovin , and prednisolone ) chemotherapy for large b - cell lymphoma . in some cases , manufacturers grant permission , on compassionate grounds , for cloza... |
the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder stands out as one of the most rapidly evolving area in medicine .
experience has shown that majority of pelvic pathology in infertile women is frequently not well appreciated by routine pelvic examinations and the usual diagnostic procedures . the ability to see and manipu... | objective : to determine the role of diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation of infertility in tertiary care centres.materials and methods : this retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary care centres ( the infertility clinics of sriram chandra bhanj medical college and prachi hospital at cuttack , odis... |
gold - based nanomaterials have been focused on in diverse biomedical applications due to their unique surface chemistry and optical properties.1,2 because of their strong and size - tunable surface plasmon resonance , fluorescence , and easy surface functionalization , gold - based nanomaterials have been widely used ... | backgroundgold nanoparticle toxicity research is currently leading towards the in vivo experiment .
most toxicology data show that the surface chemistry and physical dimensions of gold nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity . here
, we present the in vivo toxicity of 5 , 10 , 30 , and 60 nm peg - coated g... |
angiography should also be considered in low ejection fraction ( ef ) patients with evidence of reversible myocardial ischemia on non - invasive testing.1 ) however , coronary angiography is applied for the elucidation of the etiology of low ef . as the prognosis of patients with ischemic etiology already remains worse... | background and objectivescoronary angiography ( cag ) is generally needed in the setting of systolic heart failure ( hf ) with an unidentified etiology as a part of diagnostic strategy . on the other hand ,
the clinical value of this invasive strategy is largely unknown .
platelet - lymphocyte ratio ( plr ) has rec... |
anterior sacral meningocele ( asm ) is an anomaly where the meninges protrude into retroperitoneal and presacral space through an anterior sacral defect .
we report a 19-month - old child with asm presenting with constipation and urinary problems which improved after surgery through abdominal approach .
bilateral r... | anterior sacral meningocele ( asm ) is a rare form of spinal dysraphism in children .
usually asymptomatic , it can present as constipation , urinary problems or rarely neurological symptoms .
high index of suspicion with careful clinical examination is necessary to make early diagnosis .
magnetic resonance imagi... |
primary liver neoplasms in childhood are rare and constitute 1 - 2% of all pediatric tumors .
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy in children following hepatoblastoma and accounts for approximately one - third of all primary hepatic malignancies in children and approx... | introduction .
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a rare pediatric cancer accounting for 0.5% of all pediatric malignancies .
this study examines a large cohort of hcc patients in an effort to define the factors impacting clinical outcomes in pediatric hcc patients compared to adults . methods .
demographic and ... |
orbital and infratemporal fossa ( itf ) metastasis as initial presentation of adenocarcinoma of lung is extremely rare .
we report a 46-year - old asian woman , who presented with right eye proptosis and diffuse swelling over right cheek [ figure 1 ] .
a contrast enhanced computed tomographic ( cect ) scan of face ... | orbital metastasis as initial presentation of adenocarcinoma of lung is an extremely rare phenomenon . here ,
we report a 46-year - old non - smoker asian woman , who presented with right eye proptosis due to right orbital and infratemporal fossa metastasis , as the first presentation of adenocarcinoma of right lung ... |
stroke is a cerebrovascular event in which a blood vessel of the brain either becomes
blocked or ruptured1 .
the neurological
loss is determined by the occurrence area , which may stimulate psychological disorders of
anger and depression , and physical function disorders affecting factors such as sensory ,
ex... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of horseback riding
training on the physical function and psychological problems of stroke patients .
[ subjects
and methods ] thirty stroke patients were divided evenly into an experimental group and a
control group .
both groups carried ou... |
human coagulation factor vii ( fvii ) is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 50 kda .
it is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the blood at a plasma concentration of 0.5g / ml ( 1 ) . in 1972 dike ,
bidwell and rizza reported the preparation and clinical use of a concentrate of factor vii as a by - prod... | background : factor vii concentrates are used in patients with congenital or acquired factor vii
deficiency or treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitors . in this research , immunoaffinity
chromatography
was used to purify factor vii from prothrombin complex ( prothrombin-
proconvertin - stuart factor - ... |
acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide , and was responsible for 7.2 million deaths in 2003 .
coronary artery disease has been reported to be the leading cause of mortality in saudi arabia , not much data is available on the rates of presentation and mortality due to a... | introduction : acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) is the leading cause of death in saudi arabia as elsewhere . although , many studies found that south asians had increased rates of acs , others did not .
the aim of the study is to explore the extent of difference between south asians and saudi presentation and risk fac... |
apelin is an adipocytokine and a endogenous ligand for the angiotensin - like 1 receptor ( apj ) .
increased apelin expression has been found in coronary vessels , cardiomyocytes , large conduit vessels,1 ) vascular smooth muscle cells , and endothelial cells.2 ) apelin plays an opposite role to the renin - angiotens... | background and objectivesthe etiopathogenesis of coronary artery ectasia ( cae ) is not known completely . in most of the cases ,
cae is associated with atherosclerosis ; however , isolated cae has a nonatherosclerotic mechanism .
the association between atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and apelin has been e... |
viral infection and antiviral defence are universal phenomena and viral infections are reported across the metazoa [ e.g. 24 ]
. however , research tends to focus more on the coevolution of vertebrates ( and plants ) and their viruses than on invertebrates and their viruses , and relevant genetic data on viruses an... | highlightsno genetic data are available on viruses or antiviral defence for most animal phyla.the research bias may bias understanding of host
virus coevolution.antiviral rnai genes of drosophila display rapid adaptive evolution.there is no difference between plant , vertebrate , and insect viruses in median dn / ds ... |
pharmacopuncture is a treatment that combines herbal medicine and acupuncture , and is characterized by injections at acupoints .
on the basis of the drug toxicity testing standards of the korea food and drug administration ( kfda ) , toxicity test should be carried out in case of injections .
single - dose toxicit... | objectives : this study was carried out in order to find both the single - dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of samjeong pharmacopuncture ( sp ) in sprague - dawley ( sd ) rats.methods:the sd rats in this study were divided into four groups , one control group ( 1.0 ml / animal , nor... |
all patients who underwent surgical treatment for a proximal humeral fracture with a locking plate during the study period were collected from the hospital trauma registration and reviewed for the study .
the criteria for inclusion in the present study were a proximal humeral fracture that had been treated surgically... | backgroundwe conducted this radiographic study in the elderly population with proximal humeral fracture aiming to evaluate 1 ) the serial changes of neck - shaft angle after locking plate fixation and 2 ) find relationship between change in neck shaft angle and various factors such as age , fracture pattern , severity ... |
internal carotid artery ( ica ) atherosclerotic stenosis is responsible for a significant proportion of transient ischemic attacks ( tia ) and approximately 30% of ischemic strokes ( 1 ) .
population - based epidemiological studies using ultrasound have shown that the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosi... | we attempted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of carotid artery stenosis in korea .
twenty thousand seven hundred twelve individuals who underwent carotid artery ultrasonography for health screening between march 2005 and march 2010 were retrospectively evaluated .
the population was divided into four... |
the advent and implementation of conjugate antipneumococcal vaccines , 7valent conjugate vaccine ( pcv7 ) followed by 13valent conjugate vaccine ( pcv13 ) , have led to a tremendous progress being achieved in both prevention and care of severe infections caused by the streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric populatio... | key clinical messagewe report a 13monthold immunecompetent male child who was diagnosed with pneumococcal serotype 19a meningitis despite having received three pcv13 injections .
clinicians are reminded that bacterial meningitis can still occur , even in correctly vaccinated children .
investigations should include... |
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