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breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide and a primary cause of cancer - related death in women . despite high morbidity and mortality ,
therapeutic options for breast cancer include both targeted ( e.g. , anti - estrogens and her2 antagonists ) and non - targeted therapies ( e.g. , r... | backgroundadjuvant radiation therapy is commonly administered to breast cancer patients who received breast - conserving surgery .
however , lengthy treatment times of standard radiotherapy pose certain challenges . here
, we performed a prospective controlled study comparing standard radiation to hypofractionated ... |
nearly a century has passed since insulin codiscoverers frederick banting and charles best observed the first patient to receive insulin therapy in 1922 , instantly transforming the prognosis of type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) from a death sentence to a manageable disease .
however , the root cause of t1d is still not known ... | proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) and type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) .
t1d is an autoimmune disease involving the adaptive immune system responding to pancreatic beta - cells as antigen - presenting cells .
this attracts immune cells that surround pancrea... |
we evaluated 25 fnac specimens from 25 patients with well - documented cases of pl according to serum parathyroid hormone ( pth ) level , immunohistochemical staining , ultrasonography , and pathology results at the korea cancer center hospital from january 2006 to may 2011 .
cases that presented as a single mass wer... | backgroundthere has been an increase in the use of fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) for the diagnosis of parathyroid lesions ( pls ) .
differentiation between a thyroid lesion and a pl is not easy because of their similar features .
we reviewed parathyroid aspirates in our institution and aimed to uncover t... |
keratoconus ( kc ) is the most common primary human degenerative corneal disease with a prevalence of around 1 in 2000 worldwide .
it is bilateral , asymmetric , and progressive , leading to corneal thinning and irregularity .
onset primarily occurs in the 2nd decade of life and is associated with significant decre... | keratoconus ( kc ) is a progressive degenerative inflammatory - related disease of the human cornea leading to decreased visual function .
the pathogenesis of kc remains to be understood .
recent genetic studies indicate that gene variants of an inflammation - related molecule , hepatocyte growth factor ( hgf ) , a... |
smoking generates oxidative stress in the lungs and is the principal risk factor for development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .
detoxification and elimination processes of noxious substances present in cigarette smoke are important for both disease prevention and progression , yet... | backgroundsmoking is the principle risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .
multidrug resistance - associated protein 1 ( mrp1 ) is known to protect against toxic compounds and oxidative stress , and might play a role in protection against smoke - induced disease progression .
... |
intrinsic , or ab initio , gene finders make no explicit use of information about dnas or proteins outside the sequence being studied .
extrinsic gene finders utilize sequence similarity search methods to identify the locations of protein - coding regions .
it is common for gene finders of both types to be used in ... | the task of gene identification frequently confronting researchers working with both novel and well studied genomes can be conveniently and reliably solved with the help of the genemark web software ( ) .
the website provides interfaces to the genemark family of programs designed and tuned for gene prediction in prok... |
v - erb - b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 erbb2 interacting protein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 heat shock protein 90 mouse mammary tumor virus - neu psd95/discs large / zo-1 promyelocytic leukemia - retinoic acid receptor a polyomavirus middle t antigen
the mode of action of ap... | erbb2 ( v - erb - b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 ) is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in breast cancer .
antibodies and inhibitors targeting erbb2 are currently available , although therapeutic failures remain frequent .
we discuss here recent data showing that... |
a marine cyanobacterial assemblage comprising a small filament leptolyngbya species , based on morphological analysis , was
collected in 2004 by hand using scuba from a reef pinnacle in coiba
national park , panama .
the alcohol - preserved tissue was extracted
with ch2cl2meoh , and the extract fractionated
b... | two new cyclic depsipeptides , companeramides
a ( 1 )
and b ( 2 ) , have been isolated from the phylogenetically
characterized cyanobacterial collection that yielded the previously
reported cancer cell toxin coibamide a ( collected from coiba island ,
panama ) .
the planar structures of the companeramides ,... |
the literature concerning this rare syndrome alternatively knows it as maladie des tics , which was mainly descriptive since it was first mentioned by itard ( 1825 ) and later by gilles de la tourette 's syndrome in 1885 .
the prevalence of tourette 's disorder was 4.9 per 10,000 males and 3.1 per 10,000 females .
... | we report a case of tourette 's disease ( td ) with impulse control disorder which is rare;these type of patients are prone to rage attack and explosive outbursts in the childhood and adolescence which can be detrimental .
hence , a case is reported to understand the phenomenology of its co - morbidity in td . |
the rapid development of genome - sequencing techniques has led to the generation of complete genome sequences for > 600 species .
most of these sequences belong to model organisms , covering only small portions of the tree of life .
the generation of massive numbers of expressed sequence tag ( est ) libraries that... | in the absence of whole genome sequences for many organisms , the use of expressed sequence tags ( est ) offers an affordable approach for researchers conducting phylogenetic analyses to gain insight about the evolutionary history of organisms .
reliable alignments for phylogenomic analyses are based on orthologous g... |
the philadelphia chromosome ( ph+ ) is derived from t(9;22)(q34 ; q11 ) or variants and carries the chimeric bcr / abl1 fusion gene which is classically associated with chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) 1 .
chimeric bcr / abl1 fusion transcript e13a2(b2a2)/e14a2(b3a2 ) encodes for a 210kda protein ( p210 ) , e1a2 enco... | key clinical messagemixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22 ) is a rare disease with poor prognosis , and information on optimal treatment is limited .
we describe a case where our patient experienced positive outcome after nonacute myeloid leukemiatype intensive induction therapy followed by postremission therapy... |
tor proteins are ser / thr kinases with highly conserved homologues that are found in all eukaryotes ( schmelzle and hall , 2000 ) . in mammals ,
the two best - characterized targets of mtor are the ribosomal s6 kinases ( s6k1 and s6k2 ) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e ( eif4e)binding protein 1 ( 4e - bp1 ) .... | proper regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase akt pathway is critical for the prevention of both insulin resistance and tumorigenesis .
many recent studies have characterized a negative feedback loop in which components of one downstream branch of this pathway , composed of the mammalian target of rapamycin and... |
asians and pacific islanders ( apis ) constitute 5% of the united states ( us ) population and 13% of the new york city ( nyc ) population . from 2000 through 2010 , the api population experienced the fastest rate of growth than any other racial / ethnic groups both nationally ( 43% increase ) and in nyc ( 32% increase... | asians and pacific islanders ' ( apis ) leading cause of death is cancer . we compared apis ' age - adjusted cancer mortality rates to other racial / ethnic groups and by api subgroup ( i.e. , chinese , koreans , asian indians , and filipinos ) using new york city ( nyc ) mortality data and
census bureau population e... |
periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth , with multiple related factors . in recent years
, interest has grown regarding the relationship with other systemic conditions to identify some new aspects to improve diagnostic tools and treatment outcomes .
metabolic syndrome (... | background : prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( mes ) is high among asians , including indians and is rising , particularly with the adoption of modernized lifestyle .
various studies have reported a significant relationship between periodontal status and mes .
the objective of this study is to investigate the asso... |
classifying and managing dcis has always been a thorny issue , often dividing various groups of pathologists around the world . amongst dcis features , the architectural pattern , its prognostic value , and role in grading dcis
the current literature on the subject accepts the existence of 3 major architectural pat... | mammary ductal carcinoma in - situ ( dcis ) , a malignant appearing lesion on cytological and histological grounds , is in fact a non - obligate precancer .
dcis is difficult to manage and is sometimes treated more aggressively than invasive carcinoma .
although most dcis classifications take into account the archi... |
several recent meta - analyses have questioned the usefulness of beta - blockers as the primary tools to treat hypertension [ 13 ] . this has led to hesitation in the proper use of beta - blockers in the management of hypertension and chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
this review describes the opinion base promoting t... | this minireview provides current summaries of beta - blocker use in the management of hypertension and/or chronic kidney disease .
accumulated evidence suggests that atenolol is not sufficiently effective as a primary tool to treat hypertension . the less - than - adequate effect of beta - blockers in lowering the bl... |
in addition to transmitting genetic information from dna to proteins , rna molecules participate actively in a variety of cellular processes .
examples are translation ( rrna , trna , and tmrna ) , editing of mrna , intracellular protein targeting , nuclear splicing of pre - mrna , and x - chromosome inactivation .
... | the mutual influence of the slow rearrangements of secondary structure and fast collapse of the long single - stranded rna ( ssrna ) in approximation of coarse - grained model is studied with analytic calculations .
it is assumed that the characteristic time of the secondary structure rearrangement is much longer tha... |
visual information embedded in histologic specimens carries prognostic value and reflects the underlying molecular traits of disease . human evaluation of histology
is a time - honored practice and serves as the basis of modern pathology , yet is highly subjective and known for its inter- and intra - observer variati... | technological advances in computing , imaging and genomics have created new opportunities for exploring relationships between histology , molecular events and clinical outcomes using quantitative methods .
slide scanning devices are now capable of rapidly producing massive digital image archives that capture histolog... |
this study was supported by a grant - in - aid for scientific research on priority areas ( 19039013 to t.m . and
20061016 to t.y . ) and a grant - in - aid for the gcoe programs ( systems biology ) of the ministry of education , culture , sports , science , and technology of japan . | the two - component systems ( tcs ) , or histidine - to - aspartate phosphorelays , are evolutionarily conserved common signal transduction mechanisms that are implicated in a wide variety of cellular responses to environmental stimuli in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes including plants . among higher plants ,
legume... |
the design of the study has been described previously.9 in short , a prospective , observational study was performed among females undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease in 13 teaching and nonteaching hospitals in the netherlands .
the study was approved by all local ethical committees , and written informed cons... | purposethis study was designed to evaluate the risk on development and persistence of constipation after hysterectomy.methodswe conducted a prospective , observational , multicenter study with three - year follow - up in 13 teaching and nonteaching hospitals in the netherlands .
a total of 413 females who underwent h... |
the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances increases the difficulty in mechanical plaque removal and thus predisposes orthodontic patients to plaque accumulation and enamel demineralization.1 - 3 fixed orthodontic treatment is also associated with increased probing pocket depths , elevated bacterial count in plaque ... | objectiveto evaluate the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation with different scaler - tip angulations on the shear bond strength ( sbs ) and bond failure mode of metallic orthodontic brackets.methodsadhesive pre - coated metallic brackets were bonded to 72 extracted human premolars embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia , and resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both.1 the chronic hyperglycemia occurring in dm is associated with long - term damage , as well as dysfunction and failure of different organs , especially in ... | backgroundhigh red blood cell distribution width ( rdw ) is related to impairment of erythropoiesis , reflecting chronic inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress , both of which are telltale signs of type 2 diabetics .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the rdw and fasting blo... |
totally ten feet of eight patients with a congenital hallux varus deformity were surgically treated at our institute between 1993 and 2008 by the senior author .
indications for surgery were to improve appearance and to enable the wearing of normal shoes.5 ) there were seven male and one female with a mean age at the... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to report outcomes of congenital hallux varus deformity after surgical treatment.methodswe evaluated ten feet of eight patients with a congenital hallux varus deformity , including four feet combined with a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket ( leb ) .
there were seven male patient... |
over the last hundred years , neuroscience has approved a presumption that the process of neurogenesis is not present in the structures of the adult brain . beginning with the pioneer studies by santiago ramon y cajal and camillo golgi
, it was commonly thought that neural cells forming mature cns are definitively po... | the discovery of undifferentiated , actively proliferating neural stem cells ( nscs ) in the mature brain opened a brand new chapter in the contemporary neuroscience .
adult neurogenesis appears to occur in specific brain regions ( including hypothalamus ) throughout vertebrates life , being considered an important p... |
the term scrub means the type of vegetation ( terrain between woods and clearings ) that harbors the vector and typhus means
scrub typhus is endemic in so called tsutsugamushi triangle such as japan , taiwan , china , and south korea on the north , india and nepal on the west , and australia and indonesia in the so... | background : scrub typhus is one of the differential diagnoses for fever with thrombocytopenia . ards associated with scrub typhus has high morbidity and mortality.aims:to evaluate clinical features , lab values , and outcome in patients with scrub typhus and comparison in patients with or without ards.methods:a prospe... |
study design and inclusion / exclusion criteria have been described previously ( 10 ) . in brief , for this prospective cohort study all adult allograft recipients between august 2001 and july 2003 who survived with a functioning allograft beyond the first year after transplantation were eligible to participate at thei... | objectivechronic exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids poses renal transplant recipients ( rtr ) at high risk for development of new - onset diabetes after transplantation ( nodat ) .
pancreatic -cell dysfunction may be crucial to the pathophysiology of nodat and specific markers for -cell dysfunctio... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) , caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis ( m. tuberculosis ( mtb ) ) , is still a major health problem around the world .
it is second only to aids as the leading cause of death from infectious diseases .
the world health organization estimates that there were 9 million new cases of tb and 1.4 mil... | tuberculosis remains a major global health problem worldwide , and hence there is a need for novel vaccines that better induce cellular - mediated immunity ( cmi ) . in search of a better vaccine target
, the quantiferon - tb gold in - tube test ( qft - git ) and the interferon- elispot assay ( elispot ) were used to... |
the preservation of teeth to support an attachment - retained prosthesis whether fixed or removable is an appropriate and stable alternative to extractions and complete dentures .
combinations of fixed and removable partial dentures using precision / semi - precision attachments represent one high - tech solution in ... | satisfactory restoration in a patient with a partially edentulous situation can be challenging especially when unilateral or bilateral posterior segment of teeth is missing .
successful restoration can be done with various conventional and contemporary treatment options .
one such treatment modality is attachment -... |
evidence from randomized trials of medical therapy versus carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) for symptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery has led to the recommendation that cea should be performed in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis to reduce the long - term risk of recurrent stroke or tia .
the combin... | objectivecranial nerve palsy ( cnp ) and neck haematoma are complications of carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) .
the effects of patient factors and surgical technique were analysed on the risk , and impact on disability , of cnp or haematoma in the surgical arm of the international carotid stenting study ( icss ) , a ra... |
the transobturator approach to treat female stress urinary incontinence by means of a midurethral sling ( mus ) placement was first described by delorme to potentially prevent complications associated with the retropubic mus placement originally described by ulmsten ( delorme , 2001 ; ulmsten et al . , 1996 ) .
a sim... | the three - dimensional configuration of mid - urethral sling tapes is difficult to demonstrate in traditional anatomical dissections or imaging studies . the aim of this study was to test the utility of a novel technique using mesh tapes to assess spatial differences between the in - out and out - in transobturator mi... |
neurocutaneous melanosis ( ncm ) is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple congenital melanocytic nevi ( cmn ) and the proliferation of melanocytes in the central nervous system , usually involving the leptomeninges .
a 32-year - old man suffering from chronic partial epilepsy presen... | backgroundneurocutaneous melanosis ( ncm ) is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple congenital melanocytic nevi ( cmn ) and the proliferation of melanocytes in the central nervous system , usually involving the leptomeninges .
chronic partial epilepsy as a sole manifestation is rare... |
maternal thyroid function changes during pregnancy and inadequate adaptation to these changes results in thyroid dysfunction ( 1 , 2 ) . some of these alterations in thyroid function occur due to increased thyroid hormone - binding globulin ( tbg ) concentration , increased iodine clearance in the kidneys , and thyrotr... | background : maternal thyroid function alters during pregnancy .
inadequate adaptation to these changes results in thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy complications.objectives:this prospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in pregnancy and its outcomes in south of iran.materials and methods... |
microrna refers to the category of single - stranded small noncoding rnas that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length .
more than 1500 human microrna have been identified and registered via various approaches including high throughput screenings ( http://www.mirbase.org/ ) .
as more than 30% of human of mrnas a... | the noncoding rna designated as microrna ( mirna ) is a large group of small single - stranded regulatory rna and has generated wide - spread interest in human disease studies . to facilitate delineating the role of micrornas in cancer pathology , we sought to explore the feasibility of detecting microrna expression in... |
conventional dendritic cells ( cdcs ) are found in almost all tissues and lymph nodes ( lns ) and act as sentinels capable of integrating multiple environmental signals and conveying them to cd4 and cd8 t lymphocytes .
plasmacytoid dcs ( pdcs ) produce type i interferons and can also develop into antigen - presenting... | summarydendritic cells ( dcs ) are professional antigen - presenting cells that hold great therapeutic potential .
multiple dc subsets have been described , and it remains challenging to align them across tissues and species to analyze their function in the absence of macrophage contamination .
here , we provide an... |
in june 2004 , a 58-year - old asian female presented with anxiety , palpitations and breathlessness .
differential leukocyte count revealed blasts , promyelocytes , myelocytes , and metamyelocytes with decreased leukocytes .
liver function test ( lft ) and kidney function test ( kft ) were normal .
the patient w... | here , we present a case of chronic myeloid leukemia for which imatinib therapy was initated .
triiodothyronine ( t3 ) , thyroxine ( t4 ) , and thyroid - stimulating hormone was normal , and thyroid microsomal autoantibodies ( tma ) were positive and patient was diagnosed as thyroiditis treated with corticosteroids f... |
allergic conjunctival diseases ( acd ) are conjunctival inflammatory disorders , characterized by an immediate hypersensitivity reaction associated with antigen - specific ige antibodies .
patients with acd are usually categorized into the following types based on clinical criteria : seasonal allergic conjunctivitis ... | purpose . this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using expression levels of ccl24 ( eotaxin-2 ) mrna on the ocular surface as a biomarker in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis ( vkc ) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis ( akc ) .
methods .
eighteen patients with vkc or akc ( vkc / akc group ) and ... |
the pedant genome database was first announced in a short note entitled pedantic genome analysis which appeared in trends in genetics in 1997 ( 1 ) and reported computational analysis of seven completely sequenced and two partial genomes available at that time . from the very
beginning the main mission of pedant was... | the pedant genome database provides exhaustive annotation of 468 genomes by a broad set of bioinformatics algorithms .
we describe recent developments of the pedant web server .
the all - new graphical user interface ( gui ) implemented in java allows for more efficient navigation of the genome data , extended sear... |
the increased use of radiotherapy techniques such as intensity - modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery has generalized the use of small fields . also , some treatment units as the gammaknife or the cyberknife are based on the use of small fields .
it is therefore important to have methods for the preci... | the small fields in radiotherapy are widely used due to the development of techniques such as intensity - modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic radio surgery .
the measurement of the dose distributions for small fields is a challenge .
a perfect dosimeter should be independent of the radiation energy and the dose... |
transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 ( trpv1 ) is a well - known pain - mediating ion channel expressed in sensory neurons including dorsal root ganglionic ( drg ) neurons , trigeminal ganglionic ( tg ) neurons , and vagal neurons . in response to various harmful stimuli ,
trpv1 pore opens and cationic fl... | trpv1 is well known as a sensor ion channel that transduces a potentially harmful environment into electrical depolarization of the peripheral terminal of the nociceptive primary afferents .
although trpv1 is also expressed in central regions of the nervous system , its roles in the area remain unclear .
a series o... |
in bacteria , the phosphoenolpyruvate - carbohydrate phosphor - transferase system ( pts ) is a chief carbohydrate transport system ( deutscher et al . ,
a large number of carbohydrates are phosphorylated by the pts generally consisting of cytoplasmic proteins , enzyme ei ( ei ) and heat stable phosphoryl carrier pro... | we have solved the crystal structure of a predicted fructose - specific enzyme iibfruc from escherichia coli ( eceiibfruc ) involved in the phosphoenolpyruvate - carbohydrate phosphotransferase system transferring carbohydrates across the cytoplasmic membrane .
eceiibfruc belongs to a sequence family with more than 5... |
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a worldwide public health problem that affects millions of people from all over the world .
diabetic nephropathy is a common complication in patients with diabetes and the leading cause of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) . over the last decade ,
the prevalence of diabetes has in... | approximately 2040% of diabetic patients develop nephropathy which is the leading cause of esrd in developed countries .
the ace i / d polymorphism is thought to be a marker for functional polymorphism which regulates circulating and tissue ace activity .
while the initial study found a protective effect of the ii ... |
as per the united nations environment programme ( unep ) , global incidence of non - melanoma skin cancer exceeds 2 million each year 2 . with a 10% decrease in stratospheric ozone ,
seventy - five percent of the non - melanoma skin cancers are basal cell carcinomas ( bcc ) , which are usually effectively treated wit... | objectives : non - melanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in us , with an annual incidence of in excess of 1.5 million cases . in the majority of cases ,
locoregional treatment is curative and systemic therapy is not indicated .
platinum - based chemotherapy regimens have been used most commonly in refr... |
development of apraxia and other cognitive deficits requires help of others with activities of daily living .
unfortunately , the person with dementia sometimes does not cooperate with family or professional caregivers but actually resists care or exhibits behaviors during care that may be labeled abusive .
these b... | aimsthe aim of this study was to analyze factors related to rejection of care and behaviors directed towards others in nursing home residents with dementia.methodsthe relationship of lack of understanding , depression , psychosis and pain with rejection of care and behaviors directed towards others was explored using f... |
miriplatin , a cisplatin derivative with a high affinity for iodized ethyl esters of fatty acids from poppy seed oil , is a novel chemotherapeutic agent designed for use in the transarterial treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
miriplatin ( 1 ) inhibits cell proliferation in a similar manner as cisplatin a... | miriplatin , a cisplatin derivative with a high affinity for iodized ethyl esters of fatty acids from poppy seed oil , is a novel chemotherapeutic agent designed for use in the transarterial treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) . here , we describe transcatheter arterial infusion ( tai ) using miriplatin to tr... |
polyps in the second part of the duodenum are uncommon , however , up to 22% are adenomas .
a proportion of these have high - grade dysplasia and need some form of intervention to prevent the progression to carcinoma .
there are a range of options to manage the adenomas , from less invasive endoscopic resections [ ... | duodenal adenomas are uncommon , however , when present a proportion have dysplasia associated with the adenoma and therefore require treatment .
the options range from less invasive endoscopic treatments to a pancreaticoduodenectomy .
this case report describes two patients with adenomas involving the ampulla of v... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 013 - 0032 - 9 and is accessible for authorized users .
| three new homo - adamantanyl type natural products were derived from polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol . hypercohones a - c ( 13 ) , along with five other known hypercohones ( 48 ) , were isolated from the aerial parts of hypericum cohaerens .
the structures of 13 were elucidated on the basis of comprehens... |
conception is unusual in women treated with conventional dialysis , with estimates ranging from 0.3% to 1.5% per year [ 14 ] .
the diagnosis of pregnancy has often been made late in gestation because it is unexpected and because amenorrhea and nausea are common in dialysis patients .
a review from 1987 found the av... | conception is rare in patients on chronic dialysis and diagnosis is often delayed as it is least expected .
serum beta hcg levels are elevated in both pregnant and non - pregnant dialysis patients , and pregnant dialysis patients have slightly higher beta hcg levels when compared with normal pregnancy .
this can be... |
periodontitis is primarily a bacterial - induced disease that can be modified by tooth related local factors .
enamel , which is normally restricted to the anatomical crown of human permanent teeth , may be found ectopically on the root either as enamel pearl or enamel projections . among the anatomical factors
cer... | background : the objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of cervical enamel projection ( cep ) in molars of indian dry human skulls and to evaluate its relationship with furcation involvement ( fi).materials and methods : the material consisted of 944 upper and lower first , second and third permanen... |
we had 7 040 dairy herds with 121 945 cows in latvia at the 2010 .
production level of milk products has been increased from 93.9 million lvl at 2002 to 218.2 million lvl at 2008 .
enhanced nutrition qualities , taste , and health benefits have all been advocated as reasons for increase interest in raw milk consu... | feed is a risk factor for poisoning the farm environment thus also fresh milk with pathogenic microorganisms of listeria genus species .
listeria ivanovii , listeria innocua , and listeria seeligeri were isolated from 9.2% , but listeria monocytogenes from 20.0% of feed samples .
most often different fodders ( 9.3%... |
mucous membrane pemphigoid ( mmp ) is a putative autoimmune , chronic inflammatory , subepithelial blistering disease predominantly affecting mucous membranes .
mucous membranes that may be involved include the oral cavity , conjunctiva , nasopharynx , larynx , esophagus , genitourinary tract and anal canal .
a 37-... | mucous membrane pemphigoid describes a rare heterogeneous group of chronic , inflammatory , mucous membrane - dominated , subepithelial blistering diseases that manifest a varying constellation of oral , ocular , skin , genital , nasopharyngeal , esophageal , and laryngeal lesions .
life - threatening airway obstruct... |
this article is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution noncommercial license which permits any noncommercial use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author(s ) and the source are credited . | due to lack of evidence from prospective clinical trials , the diagnostic procedures , their frequency , as well as the length of the follow - up period in cutaneous melanoma patients should be based on the individual risk of disease recurrence , which is strongly dependent on the stage of disease at the time of diagno... |
after obtaining approval by the institutional review board , a retrospective medical record review was conducted using records from 106 consecutive patients ( 110 eyes ) who were treated with intravitreal anti - vegf agents for pcv at kim 's eye hospital , konyang university college of medicine from november 2008 to ju... | purposeto compare the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in patients with treatment - naive polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( pcv).methodsrecords from 106 consecutive patients who received intraviteral bevacizumab ( n = 58 , 1.25 mg ) or ranibizumab ( n = 52 , 0.5 mg ) for treatme... |
to test the hypothesis that human infections with s. suis occur more commonly than currently recognized , we examined archived serum samples from 73 swine - exposed and 67 non swine - exposed adults living in iowa ( 9 ) .
these persons had all previously completed occupational history questionnaires detailing their ... | despite numerous cases of human infection with streptococcus suis worldwide , human disease is rarely diagnosed in north america .
we studied 73 swine - exposed and 67 non swine - exposed us adults for antibodies to s. suis serotype 2 .
serologic data suggest that human infection with s. suis occurs more frequentl... |
from the time of adam 's creation , god has gifted humans with delivery to have offspring .
it is a spontaneous process that needs no intervention , and cesarean section ( cs ) is conducted only when natural delivery is contraindicated to protect mother 's and infant 's health .
nowadays , unfortunately , having a ... | background : the number of women who select cesarean section due to fear of childbirth has increased .
role play education seems to be a helpful method to remove or reduce the fear of childbirth .
therefore , this study aimed to investigate the effect of role play education on primiparous women 's fear of natural d... |
gastric volvulus can be acute , acute on chronic or chronic , and may be primary or secondary to anomalies that affect the fixity of the stomach like hiatus hernia , eventration of diaphragm or congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( cdh ) .
the association of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations such as congenital cysti... | congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( cdh ) is a known cause of secondary gastric volvulus .
it is also known that bronchopulmonary sequestration ( bps ) may be associated with cdh . an extremely rare case of bps associated with gastric volvulus in a girl with left sided cdh
is being reported . |
most
ice in nature forms because of impurities which boost the
exceedingly low nucleation rate of pure supercooled water .
however ,
the microscopic details of ice nucleation on these substances remain
largely unknown . here , we have unraveled the molecular mechanism and
the kinetics of ice formation on ka... | |
in nature , the selective
halogenation of nonactivated carbon atoms
is performed by mononuclear nonheme fe(ii ) ( mnh ) , o2 , and
-ketoglutaric acid ( -kg ) dependent halogenases .
the
structural rationale of this chemically challenging reaction has been
elucidated rather recently , and to date only a hand... | mononuclear nonheme
fe(ii ) ( mnh ) and -ketoglutarate ( -kg )
dependent halogenases activate o2 to perform oxidative
halogenations of activated and nonactivated carbon centers . while
the mechanism of halide incorporation into a substrate has been investigated ,
the mechanism by which halogenases prevent oxi... |
despite modern medical management , heart disease is still one of the most common chronic diseases and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide .
accurate diagnosis of hd improve prognosis through early treatment . although , current strategy for prognosis of hd is good , however , are not enoug... | background : heart disease is one of the most common chronic disease and leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide .
adropin , a newly identified protein , is important for energy homeostasis and maintaining insulin sensitivity , and has been referred to as a novel regulator of endothelial cells .
endothel... |
arachnoid cysts are prevalent among the general population and with increased access to brain imaging , incidental cysts are being increasingly diagnosed .
surgical options for symptomatic arachnoid cysts include cyst fenestration , either open or endoscopic , insertion of a cysto - peritoneal shunt or marsupializati... | arachnoid cysts are prevalent among the general population .
the management options of symptomatic arachnoid cysts each have their own merits and disadvantages .
we report a case where a large arachnoid cyst was treated by open fenestration and marsupialization that was complicated by remote intraparenchymal and sp... |
in 20072009 , a population - based esophageal cancer cohort study was initiated in 9 villages in rural anyang , henan province , china ( 4 ) .
this hpv investigation was added to the original cohort study in 6 of the 9 villages .
eligibility criteria were as follows : 1 ) male sex ; 2 ) permanent residency in the t... | to determine prevalence of genital human papillomavirus ( hpv ) infection among men in rural china , we analyzed genital swab specimens .
among 2,236 male residents of rural henan province , hpv infection prevalence was 17.5% .
the most common oncogenic and nononcogenic types were hpv-16 and hpv-3 , respectively . ... |
acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) complicated by cardiogenic shock and left main coronary artery ( lmca ) disease is called left main shock syndrome ( lmss ) .
it is reported that the morbility and mortality of the syndrome is approximately 0.46% and 55%80% , respectively .
, we present a patient with lmss who su... | acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and left main coronary artery disease is called left main shock syndrome .
it is reported that the morbility and mortality of the syndrome is approximately 0.46% and 55%80% , respectively .
however , the best treatment strategy in these cases is unknown .... |
a simple method is described for growing rat embryos in vitro for 48 hr from head - fold to early limb - bud stages at rates of development and protein synthesis indistinguishable from those in vivo .
culture of the embryos can be continued for longer periods but at a reduced growth rate .
preheating the culture se... | |
dna topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in some viruses .
they are involved in all aspects of dna metabolism such as replication , transcription , recombination , and chromosome segregation [ 1 , 2 ] . these reactions are based on sequential breakage and rejoining o... | dna topoisomerases of kinetoplastids represent a family of dna processing enzymes that essentially solve the topological problems not only in nuclear dna but also in kinetoplast dna .
we have , for the first time , identified a leishmania donovani homologue of bacterial and eukaryotic ia type of topoisomerase iii pro... |
a 76-year - old woman , gravida 3 , para 2 , presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain of increasing severity .
the patient reported a 10 kg weight loss with associated anorexia and constipation for approximately six months .
physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and a fixed lower abdominal mass... | uterine rhabdomyosarcoma ( rms ) typically presents as a mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors .
pure rmss of the female genital tract are uncommon . spindle cell variant of rms is a rare morphologic subtype of embryonal rms and mostly occurs in the paratesticular region of children . here ,
we present a case of ... |
focal motor status epilepticus ( fmse ) is characterized by repetitive and persistent myoclonic , clonic , or tonic contractions of the arm , face , or neck that can affect an entire side of the body , with or without alteration of mental functions .
fmse can be associated with several medical conditions including br... | focal motor status epilepticus ( fmse ) is often associated non - ketotic hyperglycemia ( nkh ) .
there are no previous reports describing fmse with nkh that was accompanied by an acute cerebral infarction and its long term follow - up result .
we describe the case of a patient having focal motor status epilepticus... |
one of the mysteries in prion research is the structure of the infectious form of mammalian prion protein , prpsc .
we used ms analysis of h / d exchange to examine brain - derived prpsc .
our data indicate that , contrary to popular models , prion protein conversion involves refolding of the entire region c - term... | |
until recently , treatment for gynecologic malignancies has focused almost exclusively on prolongation of life , and few research studies have adequately addressed issues related to quality of life .
quality of life ( qol ) typically involves the assessment of several dimensions : physical well - being , emotional we... | gynecologic malignancies occur in approximately 1 in 20 women in the united states . until recently , clinical management of these cancers
has focused almost exclusively on prolonging the survival of patients . a recent literature search using medline revealed relatively few research studies that reported data on qua... |
the success ratio of root canal treatment is reportedly around 90% for pulpectomy and approximately 80% for infected root canal.[15 ] however , success ratios display large fluctuations according to periapical lesion , condition of infection in the root canal , periodontal disease , and pre- or postoperative occlusive ... | aim : the purpose of this study was to clarify detection characteristics of the secondary mesio - buccal canal in maxillary first molars using various methods.materials and methods : the root canal system of 86 extracted human maxillary first molars was inspected using micro - focus - computed tomography to accurately ... |
since the first elucidation
of three - dimensional models of protein
structures and polynucleotides , a wealth of structural information
has become available . for proteins ,
different secondary structure
elements have been described , and also for dna , two different helices
were proposed very early on . w... | in an accompanying paper ( nagy , g. ;
oostenbrink , c. dihedral - based
segment identification and classification of biopolymers i : proteins . j. chem .
inf . model .
2013 , doi : 10.1021/ci400541d ) , we introduce
a new algorithm for structure classification of biopolymeric structures
based on main - cha... |
diabetes mellitus , a metabolic disease with manifestation of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia , is still one of the most leading causes of death and disability . over time
, diabetes leads to serious complications such as nephropathy , retinopathy , neuropathy , stroke , and peripheral vascular diseases .
currently ... | the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing allium sativum , cinnamomum zeylanicum , citrullus colocynthis , juglans regia , nigella sativa , olea europaea , punica granatum , salvia officinalis , teucrium polium , trigonella foenum , urtica dioica , and vaccinium arctostaphylos were tested on biochemical parameters... |
the central hallmark of vaccination is to prime the adaptive immune system to develop immune responses that will protect the host organism upon a second encounter with the same pathogen .
however , priming the adaptive immune system requires activation of nave b- and t - lymphocytes into effector cells that translate... | vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination .
however , current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoke... |
pancreaticobiliary cancer remains a lethal disease where treatment continues to be a major oncologic challenge .
most patients present with advanced disease in which survival is dismal . for patients diagnosed early with small tumors ,
surgery offers a chance of cure . in an attempt to diagnose these tumors at an e... | we have previously demonstrated that upa is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors . in an attempt to diagnose these tumors earlier
, we sought to determine whether upa could be identified in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography obtained brushings in patients with malignant pancreatic and biliary strictures .
... |
new york city has one of the highest reported human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) rates in the united states , more than triple the national average .
approximately one quarter of these hiv - positive individuals live in bronx county ( known as the bronx ) , with areas... | as embarrassment is a known obstacle to condom acquisition , selling condoms from physically inaccessible places that require personnel assistance constitutes a barrier to access .
this study investigates the extent of this barrier in the bronx , a high hiv / sti prevalence county of new york .
75 of 320 listed bro... |
the deposition of coloring matter , coloration , or discoloration by a pigment pertaining to the gingiva is gingival pigmentation .
our knowledge about gingival pigmentation ( gp ) and their etiologies has increased enormously over the past decade .
the racial - physiological pigmentation is not of medical concern ... | cosmetic expectations have increased with time and current trends speak volumes about gingival esthetics and smile designing .
gingival pigmentation especially on the labial aspect of anterior teeth has become an important component of general esthetics .
various physiologic and pathologic factors cause gingival pi... |
a 48-year - old woman visited our pain clinic for 2-year episodes of the right hand and wrist pain with a pain score of 9 - 10/10 by vnrs ( verbal numeric rating scale ; 0 with no pain , 10 with maximal pain ) .
each time she had been diagnosed with different conditions , such as rheumatic arthritis , raynaud 's phen... | erythromelalgia is a rare neurovascular pain syndrome characterized by a triad of redness , increased temperature , and burning pain primarily in the extremities .
erythromelalgia can present as a primary or secondary form , and secondary erythromelalgia associated with a myeloproliferative disease such as essential ... |
possible causes of mechanical prosthetic valve dysfunctions include obstruction due to valvular thrombosis or pannus formation or regurgitation of valvular or paravalvular origin . in case of regurgitation ,
major concern is paravalvular leakage , because mechanical prosthetic valves are proven to be durable and valv... | leaflet escape of prosthetic valve is rare but potentially life threatening .
it is essential to make timely diagnosis in order to avoid mortality .
transesophageal echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy is usually diagnostic and the location of the missing leaflet can be identified by computed tomography ( ct ) .
... |
dorzolamide hydrochloride ( drz ) was synthesized in 1980 and it was the first carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved for the topical treatment of glaucoma in humans in 1995 .
the drug reduces the production of bicarbonate ions , thereby reduces secretions and lowers intraocular pressure ( 1 , 2 ) . elevated iop may l... | dorzolamide ophthalmic drop is one of the most common glaucoma medications but it has a short residence time in the eye . the aim of this study is to develop ocular dorzolamide hcl nanoliposomes ( drz nanoliposomes ) and to evaluate their potential use for the treatment of ocular hypertension .
nanoliposomes were pr... |
blockers , as one of secondary prevention medications , can diminish myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate , blood pressure , and myocardial contractility , thereby being widely used to relieve ischemic symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( acs).1 the updated american college of cardiology / ame... | backgroundthe evidence supporting the use of blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome after successful percutaneous coronary intervention has been inconsistent and scarce.methods and resultsbetween march 1 , 2009 , and december 30 , 2014 , a total of 3180 eligible patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoi... |
there
is a long history of using electron microscopes to image
the motion of adatoms on a thin film , but only recent
advances have made it feasible to study the chemistry of metals at
the level of atomic resolution .
in particular the thickness and regularity of the honeycomb network
of graphene provides a... | we deposited os atoms on s- and se - doped
boronic graphenic surfaces
by electron bombardment of micelles containing 16e complexes [ os(p - cymene)(1,2-dicarba - closo - dodecarborane-1,2-diselenate / dithiolate ) ]
encapsulated in a triblock copolymer .
the surfaces were characterized
by energy - dispersive ... |
palatal rugae or transverse palatine folds are irregular mucosal elevations present in the anterior third of the palate .
it is asymmetrical and made from the lateral membrane of the incisive papilla , arranged in transverse direction from palatine raphae located in midsaggital plane .
they are stable throughout li... | aim : the present study is aimed at delineation of different types of rugae in two different populations and developing a discriminant function for the same.materials and methods : a total of 940 subjects were included in the present study .
the sample consisted of 466 subjects from south indian population and 474 fr... |
plasticity in the hippocampus has long been implicated in the etiology of mood disorders and regulation of stress [ 13 ] .
recent work has also suggested that the actions of antidepressant medications , such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssris ) , on hippocampal plasticity may play an important role in... | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications are one of the most common treatments for mood disorders . in humans ,
these medications are taken orally , usually once per day .
unfortunately , administration of antidepressant medications in rodent models is often through injection , oral gavage , or minipump i... |
because peripheral nerve tissue has very limited spontaneous regenerative capacity , the development of strategies to facilitate axonal regeneration is highly important for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries [ 13 ] .
although autotransplantation is considered the gold standard approach for bridging nerve gaps ,... | xenotransplantation offers a potentially unlimited source for tissues and organs for transplantation , but the strong xenoimmune responses pose a major obstacle to its application in the clinic . in this study , we investigate the rejection of mouse peripheral nerve xenografts in rats .
severe intragraft mononuclear ... |
bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. ) is one of the most important crop species providing the staple food for 40% of the world 's population . as with other crops ,
the yields of wheat are annually significantly reduced due to attack of a large variety of pests and diseases .
supplementation of conventional wheat br... | positional cloning in bread wheat is a tedious task due to its huge genome size and hexaploid character .
bac libraries represent an essential tool for positional cloning . however , wheat bac libraries comprise more than million clones , which makes their screening very laborious . here , we present a targeted appro... |
it generally is accepted that wear and loosening depend on proper alignment of the components and the limb , however , review of the methods of previous research of limb alignment in tka has revealed two limitations that cause us to question the relationship between wear and loosening .
these limitations include the ... | in general practice , short films of the knee are used to assess component position and define the entry point for intramedullary femoral alignment in tkas ; however , whether it is justified to use the short film commonly used in research settings and everyday practice as a substitute for the whole leg view is controv... |
the aging of a population leads to a higher incidence and prevalence of various health and social problems related to age , as well as the increased rates of dependency , comorbidity , and economic and social costs associated to those entities .
it is necessary to identify individuals at risk in order to delay the on... | introduction : in an aging population , new strategies are required to identify individuals at risk of adverse health outcomes . frailty syndrome is related to negative health events .
this increased risk may be used to identify individuals in which interventions can delay the onset of physical and functional complic... |
a voice is the most important and effective medium employed not only in daily
communication but also in logical discussions .
only humans are able to use
words as means of verbal communication , although almost all animals have
voices .
vocal sounds are generated by the relevant operations of the vocal
or... | a talking and singing robot which adaptively learns the vocalization skill by means of an auditory feedback learning algorithm is being developed .
the robot consists of motor - controlled vocal organs such as vocal cords , a vocal tract and a nasal cavity to generate a natural voice imitating a human vocalization . ... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a chronic metabolic condition that affects 8.3% of the world population and causes significant morbidity and mortality .
the number of people suffering from diabetes is expected to increase beyond 592 million people over the next 25 years [ 1 , 2 ] .
endothelial damage in diabetes leads ... | diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive decline and impaired performance in cognitive function tests among type 1 and type 2 diabetics . even though the use of tight glucose control has been limited by a reported higher mortality ,
few reports have assessed the impact of treatment intensity on cognitive functi... |
mercury is a common contaminant in the environment due to both natural and anthropogenic sources .
it is of environmental concern because elevated concentrations can be toxic to living organisms ( 1 ) .
mercury has no known metabolic function in animals and is not easily eliminated by organisms , including humans (... | the isotopic composition of mercury ( hg ) was determined in cinnabar ore , mine - waste calcine ( retorted ore ) , and leachates obtained from water leaching experiments of calcine from two large hg mining districts in the u.s .
this study is the first to report significant mass - dependent hg isotopic fractionation... |
the et2ds is a population - based cohort study designed to investigate potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive decrements in type 2 diabetes .
the study commenced in 2006/2007 as a cross - sectional survey of 547 men and 519 women aged 6075 with type 2 diabetes .
participants were recruited at random , in... | objectivecerebral microvascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes may exacerbate the effects of aging on cognitive function . a considerable homology exists between the retinal and cerebral microcirculations
; a hypothesized association between diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) and cognitive decline was examined in o... |
optical coherence tomography ( oct ) enables high - resolution imaging of the anterior segment of the human eye . in a noncontact examination it is possible to analyze layers and shape of cornea in cross - sectional images
central corneal thickness itself affects the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements . in... | background . optical coherence tomography ( oct ) allows quantitative analysis of the anterior segment of the eye with a noncontact examination .
the aim of this study is to analyze associations of central corneal thickness ( cct ) as measured by oct with ocular and systemic cardiovascular parameters
. methods . a ... |
sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the involvement of multiple tissues and organs with a noncalcified granuloma reaction , which is not yet well understood .
although the exact pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not known , it is currently accepted that , in genetically susceptible individuals , it is cau... | introduction .
sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease , which can involve different organs and systems .
coexistence of sarcoidosis and spondyloarthritis has been reported in numerous case reports .
purpose . to determine the prevalence of sacroiliitis and spondyloarthritis in patients previously diagnose... |
stat3 belongs to a family of transcription factors ( tfs ) comprising stat1 , stat2 , stat3 , stat4 , stat5a , stat5b and stat6 . like stat5
, stat3 was found to play an important role in cell growth , and its activation has been described in nearly 70% of solid and hematological tumors , giving good reason for a sea... | the signal transducer and activator of transcription stat3 is a transcription factor which plays a key role in normal cell growth and is constitutively activated in about 70% of solid and hematological cancers .
activated stat3 is phosphorylated on tyrosine and forms a dimer through phosphotyrosine / src homology 2 (... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00270 - 015 - 1060 - 0 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
since the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication ( ic ) is primarily aimed at improving their walking ability and health - related quality of life ( hrql ... | purposethe minimally important difference ( mid ) represents the smallest change in score on patient - reported outcome measures that is relevant to patients .
the aim of this study was to introduce the mid for the vascular quality of life questionnaire ( vascuqol ) and the walking impairment questionnaire ( wiq ) fo... |
participants ( 51 obese men and women ) aged 3575 years who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were enrolled .
the study was approved by the institutional review board , and participants provided written informed consent .
participants had not been previously treated with tzds and were not using drugs that affect ... | objectiveto measure ghrelin and energy intake in the laboratory after pioglitazone treatment.research design and methodsthis was a parallel , three - arm study with 51 obese diabetic subjects randomized to either 1 ) pioglitazone plus a portion - controlled diet ( pio+pc ) , 2 ) pioglitazone plus american diabetes asso... |
the buccal fat pad also called as buccal fat pad of bichat or suctorial pad is relatively large and prominent in neonates , infants and young children .
it has great relevance to this area giving fullness to face , aids in cushioning and sucking in neonates and children .
it serves to line the masticatory space , s... | the buccal fat pad is relatively large and prominent in neonates , infants and young children .
the main function of this fat pad is considered as a cushioning tissue and sucking pad .
a minor tear of buccal mucosa and buccinator muscle can result in herniation of large volume of fat into oral cavity that is termed... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s13300 - 014 - 0093 - 8 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
lifestyle modification and oral antidiabetic drugs are first line treatment measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . over time , progressive beta ... | introductionin most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) and progressive beta - cell insufficiency , insulin therapy is required to achieve sufficient glycemic control .
however , insulin therapy may lead to weight gain and increasing risk of hypoglycemia .
glucagon - like peptide-1 receptor agonists ar... |
this study provides class iii evidence that serum gdf-15 accurately distinguishes patients with mitochondrial diseases from those without them .
this case - control study provides class iii evidence that gdf-15 is a better diagnostic indicator of mitochondrial diseases when compared with fgf-21 ( diagnostic sensitivi... | objective : to directly compare the diagnostic utility of growth differentiation factor15 ( gdf-15 ) with our previous fibroblast growth factor21 ( fgf-21 ) findings in the same adult mitochondrial disease cohort.methods:serum gdf-15 levels were measured using a quantitative elisa .
statistical analyses of gdf-15 dat... |
conformational transitions of unstructured proteins into -structure - based oligomeric or amyloid states are crucial processes in the onset and development of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and parkinson 's disease [ 1 , 2 ] .
amyloid (a ) , a major player in ad , is a ... | clusters of gm1 gangliosides act as platforms for conformational transition of monomeric , unstructured amyloid ( a ) to its toxic -structured aggregates . we have previously shown that a(140 ) accommodated on the hydrophobic / hydrophilic interface of lyso - gm1 or gm1 micelles assumes -helical structures under gan... |
animals : two hundred and eighty - seven dogs that were presented at osaka
prefecture university veterinary medical center ( opuvmc ) , animal eye center and izumi animal
hospital for examination and treatment of ophthalmic , medical and surgical diseases were
used in this study .
all the dogs underwent a gener... | by using ultrasound biomicroscopy ( ubm ) , the cross - sectional structures of the entire
iridocorneal angle ( ica ) which are unable to assess with gonioscopic examination were
evaluated objectively and quantitatively in live healthy and glaucomatous dogs .
the icas
of normotensive eyes in healthy dogs with n... |
in a series of experiments , rhesus monkeys have been given in their diets 0.3 , 1.5 , and 25 ppm of a commercial polybrominated biphenyl ( pbb ) ( as firemaster ff-1 ) .
the seven adult female monkeys receiving 0.3 ppm pbb have been on the treatment regime for 15 months and have consumed over 22 mg of pbb . during t... |
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