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there are various pathophysiologic reasons for coronary heart disease ( chd ) including atheroma , also known as atherosclerosis , which is critical for chd occurrence . of these ,
oxidative stress is one of the most significant aspects in the pathogenesis of chd , which is thought to play an important role in the pr... | background : limited data exist on the association of serum gamma - glutamyl transferase ( ggt ) level within the reference range with the increased risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) prediction in men .
the study examined the association between serum ggt concentration within the reference range and the chd risk... |
lichen planus is an inflammatory mucocutaneous disease ; it is a very common disease in adults but uncommon in children .
an autoimmune basis has been proposed ; however , there is evidence suggesting that lp is not a true autoimmune disease but rather a chronic , cell - mediated immune disorder , involving activated... | lichen planus ( lp ) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease widely recognized in adults , but uncommon in children .
the purpose of this paper is to report two cases of lp in children .
the diagnosis was made based on clinical and histopathological findings .
the treatment consisted of antifungal and multivitamin the... |
pancreatic development is a complex process . however , pancreatic congenital anomalies are a rare entity . among these anomalies ,
it can be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during investigations carried out for unrelated causes , or symptoms including abdominal pain , diabetes mellitus , jaundice , and weigh... | key clinical messagedorsal agenesis of the pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly .
fiftyeight cases were reported from 1913 till 2015 , nine of which were associated with tumors .
we present the 10th case , the first to be associated with pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma and cystic teratoma , successfully managed... |
cysticerci , the larval forms of taenia solium , develop in the muscles of the pig , an intermediate host .
inadequately heated or raw pork containing adult worms is the main source of human infection .
other sources of human infections with c. cellulosae occur by way of 1 ) ingestion of the eggs found on contamina... | cysticercosis , which has a worldwide distribution is found in man , who is usually infected by eating inadequately cooked pork or other contaminated food .
cysticercosis develops most commonly in the muscles and brain .
pulmonary involvement is very rare and also difficult to recognize because pulmonary lesions ca... |
the word pterygium is derived from the greek word pterygion , meaning wing .
it refers to an elevated , superficial , external ocular triangular fibro vascular mass that usually forms over the perilimbal conjunctiva and extends onto the corneal surface.1 pterygia are reported to affect males twice as frequently ... | backgroundpterygium is a proliferative disease with hyperplastic growth of corneoconjunctival fibro vascular tissue onto the cornea .
surgical therapy can be used to successfully manage pterygia ; however , recurrence remains a problem . to reduce recurrence
, surgical management may include autoconjunctival grafti... |
symptoms include discomfort or burning sensation , photophobia , blurred or abnormal vision , and eye watering , and the longer - term sequelae can be serious.1 factors contributing to dry eye are numerous , and include aging , autoimmune disorders , infection , abnormalities of the lipid tear layer , menopause , weari... | artificial tear preparations are important in the management of dry eye syndrome .
we present the findings from four recently published studies conducted in russia assessing hylabak ( marketed as hyabak in europe ) , a preservative - free hyaluronic acid preparation , for the treatment of dry eye syndrome .
all stu... |
healthy leaves of capsicum annuum , sasa borealis , potentilla fragarioides and viola mandshurica collected from an arable site and its surrounding field areas in goesan - gun , chungbuk , korea ( 128 1'e , 36 46'n ) .
only green leaves without signs of insect or microbial injury were used for fungal isolation . coll... | this study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( amf ) on plant community structure in experimental microcosms containing an assemblage of five species of plants ( oenothera odorata , plantago asiatica , trifolium repens , isodon japonicas and aster yomen... |
chronic pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) is a disease characterized by a sustained pulmonary arterial pressure with increases in pulmonary vascular resistance .
the pathogenesis of ph has been ascribed to two mechanisms , the initial event of vasoconstriction followed by remodeling of small- and medium - sized pulmonary... | pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) contributes to the mortality of
patients with lung and heart diseases .
however , the underlying
mechanism has not been completely elucidated .
accumulating
evidence suggests that inflammatory response may be involved in
the pathogenesis of ph .
macrophage migration inhibitor... |
the angiomyolipoma of the liver ( aml ) is a very infrequent benign tumor characterized by three components : adipose , vascular , and muscular [ 17 ] .
progresses achieved in imaging techniques have substantially increased the number of correct preoperative diagnoses of aml .
the publications in the medical litera... | angiomyolipoma of the liver ( aml ) is an infrequent neoplasm composed of three tissues ( adipose , muscle and vessels ) . in spite of advances in radiology ,
preoperative correct diagnosis is difficult .
clasically , a conservative management strategy was adopted in patients with asymptomatic tumors less than 5 c... |
the incidence of myopia in the usa and europe is reported to be around 30% , and in asian countries it affects around 60% of the general population [ 1 , 2 ] .
pathologic myopia of more than 6.0 d can be found in 1215% of all myopic patients .
low to moderate degrees of myopia can be easily corrected using optical... | to investigate the effects of collagen cross - linking using glyceraldehyde on the biomechanical properties of the sclera and the axial elongation of form - deprived myopia in the guinea pig .
thirty - six guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four groups : fdm ( form - deprived myopia ) ; fdmg ( form - deprived myop... |
glaucoma is an irreversible optic neuropathy characterized by specific optic disc changes and corresponding visual field alterations which are often associated with elevated intraocular pressure ( iop ) .
mechanistic theory proposes that increased iop is the most important risk factor in glaucomatous optic neuropathy... | objective . we aimed to assess peripheral vascular endothelial function in
open - angle glaucoma ( poag ) by measuring flow - mediated dilatation ( fmd ) .
materials and methods .
the study included 20 cases with poag ( group 1 , mean age 58.68 13.3 years ) and 30 healthy individuals ( group 2 , mean age 58.68 ... |
oesophageal atresia ( oa ) is a congenital condition of oesophageal discontinuity that results in proximal oesophageal obstruction and a tracheo - oesophageal fistula ( tof ) is an abnormal communication between the oesophagus and the trachea .
oa and tof can occur alone or in combination . congenital tof without oa ... | congenital trcheo - oesophageal fistula ( tof ) without oesophageal atresia is usually diagnosed and managed in the neonatal period .
its presentation in adulthood is a rarity .
traditional treatment of a tof in adults involves its repair via a thoracotomy .
we report the case of a 23-year - old man diagnosed wit... |
endometriosis involving the intestines occurs in 5% of premenopausal women . of these , 70% present with large bowel obstruction .
we present a case of endometriosis presenting as large bowel obstruction in a woman of childbearing age .
she had no previous symptoms to suggest endometriosis and on presentation urgen... | introductionisolated endometriosis of the intestine causing large bowel obstruction is rare.presentation of casewe present a case of endometriosis presenting as large bowel obstruction in a woman of childbearing age .
she had no previous symptoms to suggest endometriosis and on presentation urgent surgery was require... |
influenza a virus ( iav ) , a member of the
orthomyxoviridae family , is an enveloped , single - stranded rna virus
with a genome of 8 negative - sense segments , with most encoding a single
gene .
these eight segments give rise to 10 or 11 distinct proteins
depending on the strain ( na , ha , ns1 , ns2/nep ,... | influenza a virus exerts a large health burden during
both yearly epidemics and global pandemics .
however , designing effective
vaccine and treatment options has proven difficult since the virus
evolves rapidly .
therefore , it may be beneficial to identify host proteins associated with viral infection and r... |
plasmodium falciparum has traditionally been the main focus of malaria control programs worldwide , mainly because this parasite is the major cause of severe morbidity and mortality in tropical africa .
however , at a time when global eradication is advocated as the ultimate goal of malaria control strategies worldwi... | often regarded as benign , plasmodium vivax infections lay in the shadows of the much more virulent p. falciparum infections . however , about 1.98 billion people are at risk of both parasites worldwide , stressing the need to understand the epidemiology of plasmodium vivax , particularly under the scope of decreasin... |
age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is one of the most common reasons of visual impairment in the western world [ 1 , 2 ] .
the prevalence of amd is approximately 2% at the age of 40 , with an increase to about 17%35% at the age of 80 [ 3 , 4 ] .
patients with amd experience irreversible and progressive visu... | purpose . to investigate whether patients with age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) run a potentially higher risk of developing visual , musculoskeletal , and balance complaints than age - matched controls with normal vision
. methods .
visual assessments , self - rated visual function , self - rated visual ,... |
the search for novel tools for early diagnosis is one of the major issues in medical research .
the discovery of biomarkers in biological fluids and blood is especially challenging due to the tremendous number of biomolecular species , which differ by many orders of magnitude in their relative abundance.1,2 of the se... | backgroundhuman serum has the potential to become the most informative source of novel biomarkers , but its study is very difficult due to the incredible complexity of its molecular composition .
we describe a novel tool based on biodegradable nanoporous nanoparticles ( npnps ) that allows the harvesting of low - mol... |
dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is a rare disease in children , with an annual incidence of 0.34/100 000 persons .
recent studies have suggested that multiple neuroendocrine factors , including the reduction in parasympathetic activity and activation of sympathetic nervous and renin - angiotensin - aldosterone ( raa )... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carvedilol therapy on autonomic control of the heart and qt - interval dispersion ( qtd ) among children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) whose symptoms were not adequately controlled with standard congestive heart failure therapy.material/... |
in chapter 5 of integrity in scientific research ( 19 ) , the institute of medicine ( iom ) committee described a theory - driven , evidence - based approach to designing instruction in the responsible conduct of research that would maximize the likelihood that education would influence individuals and institutions r... | drawing from multiple sources of evidence , this paper updates previous descriptions ( iom , 2002 ) of measurement strategies and teaching techniques to promote four theoretically derived abilities thought to be necessary conditions for the responsible conduct of research .
data from three samples ( exemplary profess... |
the global alarming increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases , as the most leading cause of death , has attracted considerable attention over the past decades .
a strikingly high prevalence of chronic diseases and their risk factors has been indicated among iranian adults .
findings from numerous studies have... | background : earlier forms of food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) used in iran have extensive lists of foods , traditional categories and food - based design , mostly with the interviewer - administered approach .
the aim of the current paper is to describe the development of a dish - based , machine - readable , se... |
improved control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension is a key requirement to reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality.1,2 despite the effectiveness of the currently available antihypertensive agents , hypertension remains inadequately controlled , with slightly less than half of patients who ... | renin angiotensin system ( ras ) activation plays a key role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease .
drugs that antagonize the ras ( angiotensin - converting enzyme [ ace ] inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers [ arbs ] ) have proven clinical efficacy in reducing blood pressure values... |
fetal echocardiography performed at 28 weeks of gestational age in a full - term 2,780-g male neonate showed a double - outlet right ventricle ( dorv ) .
the patient was born through a cesarean section with apgar scores of 7 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes , respectively .
the heart rate was 170 beats / min , and the resp... | anomalous aortic origin of the left subclavian artery ( lsca ) from the left pulmonary artery ( lpa ) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation .
we describe a case of lsca from the lpa via ductus arteriosus in association with a double - outlet right ventricle , which never has been reported previously in korea . |
sturge weber syndrome , an encephalo - trigeminal angiomatosis is a rare , congenital neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by unilateral facial cutaneous vascular malformation ( port wine stain ) associated with ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis involving parietal or occipital regions .
it presents with focal... | sturge weber syndrome ( sws ) is a rare , sporadically occurring neurocutaneous disorder with a frequency of approximately 1 per 50,000 .
the hallmark is an intracranial leptomeningeal vascular angioma in association with a port wine nevus , usually involving ophthalmic or maxillary distribution of trigeminal nerve ... |
since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( hiv-1 ) in 1983 and the beginning of the battle against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , the development of antiretroviral medication has succeeded substantially .
the development and use of antiretroviral therapy ( arv ) started in the mid to end of the... | maraviroc is the first and , so far , the only licensed representative of the class of chemokine receptor type 5 ( ccr5 ) inhibitors used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection .
its safety and efficacy were demonstrated in several clinical trials , and its use was approved in 2007 by the... |
rectal cancer is often camouflaged to be part of colorectal cancer with australian statistics approximating 14 225 cases of bowel cancer in 2008 with a higher predominance among men and those above 50 years of age .
meanwhile , the american counterpart recorded rectal and colon cancer to be the third leading maligna... | rectal cancer is a distinct subset of colorectal cancer where specialized disease - specific management of the primary tumor is required .
there have been significant developments in rectal cancer surgery at all stages of disease in particular the introduction of local excision strategies for preinvasive and early ca... |
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome ( ahus ) is a rare , and life threatening , disease . in most cases ,
the first line of treatment for ahus was plasmapheresis until september 2011 , when the food and drug administration approved eculizumab for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with ahus .
eculizumab h... | much progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome ( ahus ) .
plasma therapy is the mainstay of treatment for ahus .
the availability of the first effective anti - complement therapeutic agent , eculizumab , has dramatically changed the outlook of th... |
the
diaphragm , the primary respiratory muscle , has been reported to act as one of spinal
stability muscles and other spinal stability muscles are also activated to increase
respiratory capacity1,2,3,4,5,6,7 .
the muscles used in both
spinal stability and respiratory tasks include the diaphragm , transversus... | [ purpose ] the purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of position on
% mvic of spinal stability muscles to establish for the most effective breathing pattern
for activation of spinal stability muscles in order to provide an additional treatment
method for use in spinal stability exercise progr... |
pulmonary complications are frequently encountered after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) , and atelectasis is believed to be a major etiology .
atelectasis results in a decrease in lung compliance and adversely affects oxygenation . significant lung collapse following cardiac surgery results in in... | lung atelectasis resulting after cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) can result in increased intrapulmonary shunting and consequent hypoxemia .
advanced pressure control modes of ventilation might have at least a theoretical advantage over conventional modes by assuring a minimum target tidal volume delivery at reasonable... |
since the 19th century ,
the natural environment has been considered important for ensuring
a greater level of physical and mental health .
gatherer past , present
day humans have an innate affiliation with nature and living things .
consequentially , nature is conducive to involuntary
attention and does no... | a randomized
crossover study explored whether viewing different scenes prior to
a stressor altered autonomic function during the recovery from the
stressor .
the two scenes were ( a ) nature ( composed of trees , grass ,
fields ) or ( b ) built ( composed of man - made , urban scenes lacking natural
charact... |
trocar - site incisional hernias and their complications are reported in 1% to 6% of patients .
such hernias are attributed to the difficulty of applying standard suturing techniques to wound closure .
the deschamps needle has a handle and a tip ( sharp or blunt ) , with an opening to pass suture .
disposable nee... | objective : trocar - site incisional hernias and their complications are reported in 1% to 6% of patients .
such hernias are attributed to the difficulty of applying standard suturing techniques to wound closure .
we report our experience with a simple device , the deschamps ligature needle.methods:the deschamps ne... |
chagas disease , also known as american trypanosomiasis , an endemic parasitic disease caused by a flagellate protozoan ( trypanosoma cruzi ) , is highly prevalent throughout latin america .
its major clinical manifestation is the chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy ( ccc ) , which affects 1/3 of the chronically infected... | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of an anticholinesterase agent , pyridostigmine bromide ( pyrido ) , on experimental chronic chagas heart disease in mice .
to this end , male c57bl/6j mice noninfected ( control : con ) or chronically infected ( 5 months ) with trypanosoma cruzi ( chagasic : chg... |
an 85-year - old man presented with an 8-month history of slowly increasing diffuse yellow skin lesions on the torso and upper arms .
he had been unaware of the discoloration until his internist noted it and referred him to dermatology .
the patient had been followed by a hematologist for paraproteinemia that had n... | diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma ( dnpx ) was first described by altman and winkelmann in 1962 .
it is a rare and non - inherited form of xanthomatosis .
clinically , the dermatosis is characterized by the presence of symmetric yellowish - orange plaques that favor the neck , upper trunk , flexural folds and per... |
angle region fracture is the most common fracture in developing countries , accounting 30% of all fractures .
mandibular angle fracture line involves junction of ramus and body of the mandible to the third molar region and traverses through the inferior alveolar canal to reach the inferior border .
. the traditiona... | objective : the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different types of fixation in the enhancement of posttraumatic inferior alveolar nerve ( ian ) recovery in displaced mandibular angle fracture and to establish.patients and methods : thirty patients of displaced mandibular angle fracture were t... |
obesity is now a global public health issue and has nearly doubled worldwide since 1980 .
global obesity estimates from 2008 reported that 35% of adults over the age of 20 were overweight and 11% were considered obese .
in addition , obesity rates continue to rise and remain epidemic in the united sates , as well .... | purpose .
obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the u.s . and has nearly doubled worldwide since 1980 .
bariatric surgery is on the rise , but little focus has been placed on the psychosocial impacts of surgery . the purpose of this study was to explore experiences of patients who have undergone bariatric sur... |
ultrasound showed a 1.7-cm , well demarcated , heterogeneous , low echoic solid mass in the lower pole of the right thyroid ( fig .
1 ) . a computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a 3.3-cm , exophytic , low - attenuated mass in the lower pole of the right thyroid .
the fna biopsy of the mass was performed , w... | carcinoma showing thymus - like differentiation ( castle ) is a rare carcinoma of the thyroid or adjacent soft tissue of the neck with a histologic resemblance to thymic epithelial tumors .
although the fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) plays a central role in the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules , few reports ab... |
insertional mutagenesis after gene transfer in animal models1,2 as well as in x - scid clinical trials35 has led numerous laboratories to focus on the safety of the virus - based vectors used to transfer and express genes of interest . a better understanding of the mechanisms that define the characteristics of the inte... | adverse events linked to perturbations of cellular genes by vector insertion reported in gene therapy trials and animal models have prompted attempts to better understand the mechanisms directing viral vector integration .
the integration profiles of vectors based on mlv , aslv , siv , and hiv have all been shown to ... |
there is evidence that the production and consumption of beer began in egypt in the early dynastic period ( 55003100 bce ) .
high because yeast floats to the top of the tank at a temperature between 15 c and 25 c during production of ale beer with the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae .
this yeast is capable of fe... | the genome of lager brewer 's yeast is a hybrid , with saccharomyces eubayanus and saccharomyces cerevisiae as sub - genomes . due to their specific use in the beer industry
, relatively little information is available .
the genome of brewing yeast was sequenced and annotated in this study .
we obtained a genome ... |
fragments of tracheal epithelium alone or in continuity with connective tissues , can be maintained in culture medium and used for short term or long term studies of toxicity of a variety of chemicals .
large numbers of uniform cultures are prepared with the aid of a slicing device or by application of simple method ... | |
pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in patients with primary bone sarcomas and with the distant metastases of nonbone primary tumors [ 1 , 2 ] .
studies have indicated that bone cancer pain has complex and unique mechanisms that may involve both inflammatory and neuropathic pain .
clinically , most patients ... | radiotherapy is one of the major clinical approaches for treatment of bone cancer pain .
activation of camp - pka signaling pathway plays important roles in bone cancer pain . here , we examined the effects of radiotherapy on bone cancer pain and accompanying abnormal activation of camp - pka signaling .
female spr... |
creatine kinase ( ck ) ( atp : creatine kinase n - phosphotransferase , ec 2.7.3.2 ) is thought to be crucial for intracellular transport and the storage of high energy phosphate because it catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from mgatp to creatine , which leads to the creation of phosphocreatine an... | creatine kinase ( ck ; ec 2.7.3.2 ) is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and dermatomyositis .
ck is important in skin energy homeostasis because it catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from mgatp to creatine . in this study , we predicted ck binding proteins via the use of bioinfo... |
we herein describe a series of three cases of acrometastasis to the hand [ table 1 ] .
we have also reviewed the pathogenesis , clinical presentation , and therapeutic management of acrometastasis to the hand .
a 60-year - old gentleman presented to our clinic with the chief complaints of a nonhealing ulcer in the ... | acrometastasis to the hand is an unusual presentation which might mimic an infectious , inflammatory , or a metabolic pathology .
we herein describe a case series of three patients of acrometastasis to the hand .
we encountered three cases of acrometastasis to the hand attending the departmental clinics from 2007 t... |
hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon ( nc - si : h ) has been the subject of intense scientific and technological interest over the past decade , mainly due to its reduced photo - induced degradation , efficient visible photoluminescence , tailored optical band gap , increased conductivity and greater doping efficiency... | we report on the thermally induced changes of the nano - structural and optical properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon in the temperature range 200700 c .
the as - deposited sample has a high crystalline volume fraction of 53% with an average crystallite size of ~3.9 nm , where 66% of the total hydrogen i... |
candida genus , in particular candida albicans , is the one of the common cause of yeast - associated oral infections .
there occurrence has been widely described in the literature . over the last four to five decades
the main reason that might attribute for such an increase in its incidence might be the increase i... | aims : one of the most common fungal infections infecting humans is candidiasis . belonging to the group of opportunistic infections , it often affects individuals with various debilitating diseases .
fluconazole and clotrimazole are two of the commonly used anti - fungal agents for the treatment of oral candidiasis ... |
alterations in left ventricular structure and function have been reported among the cardiac manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , especially in those who have renal complications .
these alterations include echocardiographic evidence of increases in lv wall thicknesses and mass , a decrease in lv e... | objective . to determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy ( lvh ) and its associated risk factors in lupus nephritis ( ln ) patients
. methods .
287 ln patients ( age : 38.54 13.31 , 262 female ) were recruited .
echocardiography and serum high - sensitivity c - reactive protein ( hs - crp ) were m... |
in recent years the problem of " cutaneous ulcers " ( venous , arterial , diabetic , and pressure sores ) has become increasingly important , in particular because of the progressive increase in the elderly population and , therefore , of chronic disorders ( 1 ) .
chronic cutaneous ulcers of the comorbid elderly pati... | the platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) has been advocated as a way to introduce increased concentrations of growth factors and other bioactive molecules to injured tissues in an attempt to optimize the local healing environment . a 94-yr - old woman with various comorbidities presented with a two - week history of severe c... |
recent progress and technical advances in catheter ablation have dramatically improved the success rate and safety of pulmonary vein isolation ( pvi ) for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
realtime monitoring of tiptotissue contact force ( cf ) is a useful technique for confirming that the ablation electrode is applying a... | backgroundlow contact force and force time integral ( fti ) during catheter ablation are associated with ineffective lesion formation , whereas excessively high contact force and fti may increase the risk of complications .
we sought to evaluate the optimal fti for pulmonary vein ( pv ) isolation based on atrial wal... |
obesity and metabolic - related disorders are considered major health issues worldwide . over the last decade ,
the incidence of obesity and overweight has almost doubled in developed countries and the trend is mirrored in developing nations that are transitioning to first - world economies .
obesity results from a... | epidemiological and experimental studies report associations between overweight mothers and increased obesity risk in offspring .
it is unclear whether neonatal leptin regulation mediates this association between overweight mothers and offspring obesity .
we investigated the effect of neonatal treatment with a lept... |
morton s neuroma is a common paroxysmal neuralgia affecting the forefoot , typically in the third interdigital space .
the clinical syndrome of morton s neuroma was described over a century ago , but its etiopathology remains poorly understood [ 1 , 8 , 9 ] .
recent studies suggest that morton s neuroma is a mechan... | among 101 feet that presented with symptoms and signs similar to morton s neuroma , intermetatarsal rheumatoid nodules were found in five feet ( three patients ) .
two patients had bilateral involvement .
histology of the excised tissue showed the presence of a rheumatoid nodule and morton s neuroma in four feet ... |
pfeiffer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder , characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures that prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face , resulting in brachycephaly , hypoplastic maxilla , shallow orbits , proptosis , and exophthalmos , and accompanied wit... | pfeiffer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by coronal craniosynostosis , brachycephaly , mid - facial hypoplasia , and broad and deviated thumbs and great toes .
pfeiffer syndrome occurs in approximately 1:100,000 live births .
clinical manifestations and molecular genetic testing are imp... |
in vitro maturation ( ivm ) is a technique described in the 90s primarily as alternative technique to conventional stimulation for patients with polycystic ovaries syndrome ( pcos ) because the decreased risk of ovary hyperstimulation .
however , ivm has additional benefits such as a reduced cost compared to regular ... | in this report , we present a case of in vitro maturation ( ivm ) with surgical retrieved testicular sperm in a normo - ovulatory female . human chorionic gonadotropin - primed ivm , testicular biopsy for sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh sperm were performed .
fourteen cumulus - oocyte ... |
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( rrd ) is characterized by the accumulation of subretinal fluid between the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium following the formation of a retinal break .
the pathogenesis of rrd is complex and incompletely understood , involving age - related and/or inherited struc... | purpose .
the pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( rrd ) remains incompletely understood , with no clinically effective treatment for potentially severe complications such as photoreceptor cell death and proliferative vitreoretinopathy .
here we investigate the protein profile of the vitreous followi... |
primary breast lymphoma ( pbl ) is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 0.4% of malignant breast lesions and 2% of extranodal lymphomas .
diagnosis of pbl by fine - needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) is reported infrequently .
a 23-year - old non - lactating ( para 2 , gravida 0 ) lady came with a left breast lump an... | primary breast lymphoma ( pbl ) is a rare entity .
it represents 0.4% of malignant breast lesions and 2% of extranodal lymphomas .
a 23-year - old woman presented with a left breast lump followed by palpable left axillary lymphadenopathy .
fine - needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) and histopathology were diagnos... |
the study was approved by the research ethics boards of the university of ottawa and ottawa hospital .
two of the participants were competitive athletes training 6 days per week , while those remaining were recreationally active .
all participants had been regularly performing both aerobic and resistance exercise a... | objectivein type 1 diabetes , small studies have found that resistance exercise ( weight lifting ) reduces hba1c . in the current study , we examined the acute impacts of resistance exercise on glycemia during exercise and in the subsequent 24 h compared with aerobic exercise and no exercise.research design and methods... |
stomata play a major role in water loss and carbon gain by regulating diffusive conductance in leaves .
it is widely accepted that stomata respond to perturbations by many soil - plant - atmosphere signals but there is little agreement regarding the mechanism(s ) by which they sense and react to such perturbations ( ... | plants respond to many environmental changes by rapidly adjusting their hydraulic conductivity and transpiration rate , thereby optimizing water - use efficiency and preventing damage due to low water potential . a multiple - load - cell apparatus
, time - series analysis of the measured data , and residual low - pas... |
functional limitation of patients with heart disease has been documented consistently by cross - sectional and longitudinal studies . in a recent study conducted in 15 countries , with no exception ,
heart disease was associated with poor subjective health , above and beyond the effect of socioeconomics .
the study... | abstractbackground : patients with heart disease experience limited activities of daily living ( adl ) .
this is a cross - country comparison of the additive effects of socioeconomics , health behaviors , and the number of medical comorbidities on disability among patients with heart disease.methods:the current study... |
the effects of whole body irradiation ( wbr ) on particle clearance and the development of pulmonary fibrosis have been investigated . using carbon ,
clearance is accomplished by polymorphonuclear leukocytes ( pmn ) and alveolar macrophages ( am ) , and only a few particles reach the interstitum . however , in preirr... | |
in high - income countries , chronic vascular disease is the leading cause of limb loss .
however , many previously healthy individuals undergo amputation secondary to trauma , neoplasia , infection , and arterial embolism . the conventional way to suspend a prosthetic limb to the body is with a prosthetic socket ... | background the concept of osseointegration involves direct contact between titanium implant and bone . this transcutaneous prosthetic system for amputees
is intended to assure stable long - term fixation .
most metal transcutaneous implants have failed , primarily owing to infection.questions/purposeswe determined ... |
in line with the worldwide aging trend , korea became an aging society in 2000 and is
expected to become an aged society with an elderly population over the age of 65 of 14% of
total population1 .
in addition , the
average life span of koreans was 79.6 years in 2010 , 15 years longer than that of 19801 . desp... | [ purpose ] disabilities after stroke are known to have adverse effects on the quality of
life .
this study investigated the relationship between communication activities of daily
living ( c - adl ) and quality life of elderly stroke patients to provide basic data for use
in enhancing the quality of life .
[ ... |
the evolving scientific and regulatory activities in europe and north america emphasize the need for the development of tools that refine , replace , or reduce the use of animals and human volunteers in pharmacokinetic and toxicity tests [ 13 ] .
the ability to base the toxic responses on the target tissue dose or in... | the objectives of this study were ( i ) to develop a screening - level quantitative property - property relationship ( qppr ) for intrinsic clearance ( clint ) obtained from in vivo animal studies and ( ii ) to incorporate it with human physiology in a pbpk model for predicting the inhalation pharmacokinetics of vocs .... |
in nearly all countries of the world , diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases and continues to increase in numbers and significance , because of the reduced physical activity and increased obesity caused by changing lifestyles .
it is estimated that the global figure of diabetes patients is abou... | diabetes mellitus , especially type 2 diabetes ( t2 dm ) , is one of the most common chronic diseases and continues to increase in numbers with large proportion of health care budget being used .
many animal models have been established in order to investigate the mechanisms and pathophysiologic progress of t2 dm and... |
anti - n - methyl - d - aspartate receptor ( anti - nmdar ) encephalitis is an autoimmune limbic encephalitis induced by antibodies directed against the nr1 subunit of the nmdar ( 1 ) .
typical patients with anti - nmdar encephalitis show nonspecific prodromal symptoms , such as a fever and headache , followed by sym... | we describe a 24-year - old woman with anti - n - methyl - d - aspartate receptor ( anti - nmdar ) encephalitis that developed 3 weeks after normal delivery .
she was treated with methylprednisolone , intravenous immunoglobulin , and plasmapheresis , in addition to teratoma excision .
however , her recovery was slo... |
to identify genes with sex - limited and nonsex - limited functions , we searched flybase ( tweedie et al .
2009 ) for mutations within the following phenotypic categories : visible , lethal , semilethal , sterile , male sterile , and female sterile ( searches used the termlink section ; http://flybase.org/static_pag... | genome - wide mrna transcription profiles reveal widespread molecular sexual dimorphism or
sex - biased gene expression , yet the relationship between molecular and phenotypic sexual dimorphism remains unclear .
a major unresolved question is whether sex - biased genes typically perform male- and female - specific... |
morvan 's syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability , autonomic dysfunction , and central nervous system symptoms .
the syndrome of muscle twitching , dysautonomia , insomnia , and delirium was first reported by morvan by the name of la choree fibrillare in 1890 .
we... | morvan 's syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by triad of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability , autonomic dysfunction , and central nervous system symptoms .
antibodies against contactin - associated protein - like 2 ( caspr2 ) , a subtype of voltage - gated potassium channel ( vgkc ) complex , are fo... |
benzophenone ( bz4 , figure 1 ) is a water - soluble uvb filter ( max in methanol 285 nm ) manufactured by basf under the trademark uvinul ms40 and used in cosmetic formulations at concentrations up to 5% ( as free acid ) .
because of its highly acidic character , it must be neutralized with sodium hydroxide or trie... | benzophenone-4 ( bz4 ) was separated from surfactants , dyes , preservatives , and other components of hair shampoos by thin - layer chromatography on silica gel 60 stationary phase , with ethyl acetate - ethanol - water - ph 6 phosphate buffer ( 15 : 7 : 5 : 1 v / v / v / v ) as mobile phase .
densitometry sc... |
regular exercise is fundamental for the prevention and management of insulin - resistant disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) and avd . while exercise affects numerous organ systems , there is increasing evidence that acute and chronic exercises have important immunomodulatory properties which may contr... | background .
exercise has an anti - inflammatory effect against , and immune cells play critical roles in the development , of insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease ( avd ) .
thus , the goal of this study was to determine whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity in insulin - resistant subject... |
a 73-year - old man who had been transferred to our emergency room due to sudden chest pain was diagnosed with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) .
primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed . a long , white object which looked like a parasitic worm
was retrieved via intracoronary ... | |
paclitaxel , the first microtubule stabilizer
identified from the taxus brevifolia , is one of the
most successful anticancer drugs currently used in the clinic .
members
of a second class of plant - derived microtubule stabilizers , the taccalonolides ,
have been isolated from a variety of tacca species .
... | the
taccalonolides are microtubule stabilizers isolated from plants
of the genus tacca .
taccalonolide af is 231 times
more potent than the major metabolite taccalonolide a and differs
only by the oxidation of the c-22,23 double bond in a to an epoxy
group in af . in the current study ,
10 other rare natu... |
here ,
we report the synthesis and characterization of size - controllable
and stimuli - responsive dna nanohydrogels as effective targeted gene
delivery vectors .
dna nanohydrogels were created through a self - assembly
process using three kinds of building units , respectively termed y - shaped
monomer a ... | |
understanding a spoken message in the presence of background noise or competing speech is a common listening problem for many older adults .
the recognition process in the presence of competing signals is naturally complicated since it includes the encoding of each input signal at the peripheral level , followed by p... | a common complaint of older listeners is that they can hear speech , yet can not understand it , especially when listening to speech in a background noise .
when target and competing speech signals are concurrently presented , a difference in the fundamental frequency ( f0 ) between competing speech signals , which d... |
carotid artery stenting ( cas ) is the standard modality for patients with severe carotid artery stenosis at high risk for carotid endarterectomy .
however , a major drawback of cas is the potential risk of embolic stroke caused by the dislodgement of atheromatous plaque during the procedure .
the traditional cas p... | purposeto evaluate the clinical outcome and mri findings after carotid artery stenting ( cas ) without post-dilatation.methodsbetween may 2005 and april 2012 , a total of 169 consecutive patients ( 61.4% symptomatic ) underwent 176 cas procedures performed with an embolic protection device ( guardwire , n=116 ; filterw... |
intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) is a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality and poor outcomes in clinical practice , and also the leading cause of death and disability in elderly patients.1 it was reported to account for about 10% of all strokes and 30% of all cerebrovascular diseases.2,3 the mortality r... | backgroundprevious studies reported that the mild hypothermia therapy ( mht ) could significantly improve the clinical outcomes for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage ( hich ) . therefore
, this meta - analysis was conducted to systematically assess whether the addition of local mht ( lmht ) could si... |
a total of 13 women and 8 men participated in the first study ( lipid study ) .
briefly , the individuals were normal weight ( bmi 23.7 0.8 kg / m ) , were aged 26.4 0.8 years , had a waist - to - hip ratio ( whr ) of 0.83 0.02 , and had basal lipid parameters in the normal range ( total cholesterol 4.53 0.17 mmo... | objectivefibroblast growth factor ( fgf)-21 improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in obese or diabetic animal models , while human studies revealed increased fgf-21 levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes . given that fgf-21 has been suggested to be a peroxisome proliferator
activator receptor ( ppar ) depe... |
at least one third of the 48 human members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily function as heterodimers with the retinoid x receptors , ( rxrs , nr2b1 - 3 ) .
some , but not all of these heterodimers can be directly activated by rxr agonists , called rexinoids , which include the endogenous ligand 9-cis - ret... | backgroundcar / rxr heterodimers bind a variety of hormone response elements and activate transcription in the absence of added ligands .
this constitutive activity of murine car can be inhibited by the inverse agonist ligand androstanol or increased by the agonist tcpobop .
rxr agonists activate some rxr heterodim... |
chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood presents in prepubertal , often preschool , children and rarely in infancy .
vesicles or bullae develop on an erythematous or normal base , occasionally giving rise to a so - called string of pearls , a characteristic lesion in which peripheral vesicles develop on a polycyclic ... | linear iga bullous dermatosis is a rare sulfone - responsive subepidermal blistering disorder of unknown etiology in which smooth linear deposits of iga are found in the basement membrane zone .
chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood is equivalent to linear iga disease of adulthood and is characterized by an abrupt ... |
human gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract is compartmentalized into different sections , which allows digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body .
the distinct part of the gut has different physiological conditions that shape the gut microbiome ( or microbial diversity within the gut ) .
the human intestinal micro... | advances in de novo sequencing technologies allow us to track deeper insights into microbial genomes for restructuring events during the course of their evolution inside and outside the host .
bacterial species belonging to ochrobactrum genus are being reported as emerging , and opportunistic pathogens in this techno... |
epidemiological evidence has supported a protective role for diets low in saturated fat and rich in fruits and vegetables as well as a moderate wine consumption against the development and progression of cardiovascular ( cvd ) and chronic degenerative disease .
the atherosclerotic processes underlying cardiovascular ... | postprandial oxidative stress is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the organism towards oxidative damage after consumption of a meal rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates .
micronutrients modulate immune system and exert a protective action by reducing low density lipoproteins ( ldl ) oxidation via induct... |
epidemiological studies reveal that approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and 700 million will be obese in 2015 .
obesity is a chronic subclinical inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology , involving the ingestion of a high - calorie diet , a sedentary lifestyle , and genetic predisposition .
t... | this study analyzed the effect of diet enriched with 30% lipids on cytokines content in different tissues .
swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control ( c , normolipidic diet ) ; soybean oil ( s ) ; lard ( l ) ; and hydrogenated vegetable fat ( h ) .
we observed an increase i... |
an important task in the twenty - first century is to further develop fuel cells as alternative electrochemical devices for efficient generation of electricity .
the low - temperature acid - type systems , such as hydrogen - oxygen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and direct alcohol fuel cells , are , at prese... | in this article , we characterized tungsten oxide - decorated carbon - supported ptir nanoparticles and tested it for the electrooxidation reactions of ethylene glycol and ethanol .
phase and morphological evaluation of the proposed electrocatalytic materials are investigated employing various characterization techni... |
the use of invasive mechanical ventilation by endotracheal intubation in acute respiratory failure is long known.1 noninvasive ventilation ( niv ) began to be considered as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure caused from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (... | noninvasive ventilation ( niv ) was introduced as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure caused from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the 1980s , and its use gradually rose worldwide .
seventy - eight patients ( 57 males , mean age 78.3 9.2 years ) un... |
neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) and multiple sclerosis ( ms ) are autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system with unknown etiology , causing nontraumatic neurological disability in young adults .
nmo is thought to be a subtype of ms but not an independent disease until the discovery of... | background : neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) and multiple sclerosis ( ms ) are autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the central nerve system .
interleukin-7 ( il-7 ) and interleukin-7 receptor alpha ( il-7r ) were proved to be important in the pathogenesis of both diseases because of the roles they played in the differe... |
flavonoids comprise a large group of plant metabolites , 6,000 of which have been identified to date .
quercetin is a major natural flavonoid existing in the skin of many fruits and vegetables , as well as in leafy vegetables , berries , black tea , and various fruit juices .
since it can be found in many plant - d... | background : flavonoids comprise a large group of plant metabolites , 6,000 of which have been identified to date .
some studies have shown the increased aerobic performance and maximal oxygen consumption ( vo2max ) and therefore fitness following quercetin intake as a result of elevated number of intracellular mitoc... |
the modified mallampati classification ( mmp ) is widely used for pre - operative assessment of airway , and mallampati scores of iii and iv have been reported to be valuable in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in acromegalic patients as well . as it is known that mmp not only assesses pharyngeal structures but also h... | background : there are numerous reports of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in patients with acromegaly . to date , no study has assessed the application of extended mallampati score ( ems ) for predicting difficult intubation in acromegalics .
the primary aim of this study was to compare ems with modified malla... |
the clinical , radiographic , and histological diagnosis of periapical lesions has been a challenge [ 1 , 2 ] .
current diagnostic methods help in fair assessment of accurate size and nature of a periapical lesion which determine the treatment and prognosis of the tooth in question [ 35 ] .
making the correct pulpa... | objectives . to compare the ability of endodontists to determine the size of apical pathological lesions and select the most appropriate choice of treatment based on lesions ' projected image characteristics using 2 d and 3 d images .
study design .
twenty - four subjects were selected .
radiographic examination ... |
in recent years , a variety of insulin regimens have been used for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
( t1 dm ) in children and adolescents ( 1 ) .
multiple daily injections ( mdi ) of
rapid- ( ra ) and long - acting ( l ) insulin analogues have been used widely in these patients . moreover ,
use of
co... | we examined the association between sex , age , insulin regimens and glycemic control in 133 japanese children
and adolescents , 42 males and 61 females aged 16.8 7.0 yr , with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) .
the
patients were divided into 5 age groups and were also classified according to the insulin regim... |
mastery of the human reproductive process took another step forward in january 2013 when the american society of reproductive medicine ( asrm ) announced that oocyte cryopreservation was no longer experimental .
several clinics in europe and the united states had reported births since 2000 , and many programs were of... | with the development of rapid freezing of human oocytes , many programs have reported ivf success rates comparable to those achieved with fresh eggs and thawed frozen embryos . egg freezing is now gaining professional and regulatory acceptance as a safe and effective technique for women who wish to avoid discarding exc... |
the human slx1-slx4 structure - selective endonuclease plays a key role in dna repair , homologous recombination , replication fork restart , and telomere maintenance ( svendsen and harper , 2010 ) .
the genes encoding saccharomyces cerevisiae slx1 and slx4 were discovered in a genetic screen for mutations that are s... | summarythe slx1-slx4 endonuclease required for homologous recombination and dna repair in eukaryotic cells cleaves a variety of branched dna structures .
the nuclease subunit slx1 is activated by association with a scaffolding protein slx4 . at the present time , little is known about the structure of slx1-slx4 or it... |
pelvic fractures comprise < 0.2 % of all pediatric fractures but constitute up to 5 % of admissions to level i pediatric trauma centers . like adults ,
pediatric pelvic fractures are associated with high - energy trauma and injury to other systems , leading to an increased incidence of complication and mortality [ ... | backgroundpediatric pelvic fractures are associated with high - energy trauma and injury to other systems , leading to an increased incidence of complication and mortality .
previous studies analyzed the pediatric population as a whole , including both children and adolescents .
the purpose of this study was to exa... |
it naturally occurs in soil and water as well as the intestines , and it is responsible for nosocomial infections . there have been few reports about community acquired pneumonia of serratia .
this report presents a 37-year - old man with hemoptysis , fever , and shortness of breath .
the clinical and laboratory ex... | introductionserratia marcescens is a gram - negative bacillus which belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae .
it is a facultative anaerobe and produces red pigment at room temperature .
it naturally occurs in soil and water as well as the intestines , and it is responsible for nosocomial infections . there have be... |
merkel cell carcinoma ( mcc ) is a highly aggressive skin malignancy mainly affecting elderly and immunosuppressed people .
mcc is a rare tumour , but its incidence , especially in men , has risen during the last two decades in several countries .
for instance , an annual increase of 8% between 1986 and 2001 has be... | merkel cell carcinoma ( mcc ) , a highly aggressive skin tumour with increasing incidence , is associated with the newly discovered merkel cell polyomavirus ( mcpyv ) .
studies on mcc and mcpyv as well as other risk factors have significantly increased our knowledge of mcc pathogenesis , but the cells of origin , whi... |
cisplatin ( cddp ) has been the mainstay for the treatment of a broad spectrum of human malignancies since it was approved by the fda about 30 years ago .
it has been used in the first - line treatment modalities of human malignancies , including testicular , ovarian [ 2 , 3 ] , cervical , bladder , head and neck... | three mechanisms have been proposed for the role of glutathione ( gsh ) in regulating cisplatin ( cddp ) sensitivities that affects its ultimate cell - killing ability : ( i ) gsh may serve as a cofactor in facilitating multidrug resistance protein 2- ( mrp2- ) mediated cddp efflux in mammalian cells , since mrp2-trans... |
chd is a major cause of fetal loss and death in newborns less than one year of age all over the world .
approximately , chd accounts for 28% of the major congenital anomalies ( van der linde et al . , 2011 ) .
the generally accepted prevalence of chd was about 8 per 1000 live births , which poses a serious challeng... | backgroundinconsistent results were reported in recent literature regarding the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( mthfr ) c677t
/ a1298c polymorphisms and the susceptibility of congenital heart disease ( chd ) . in this study
, we performed a meta - analysis to investigate the associations b... |
chest injuries constitute barely 34% of the consequences of blunt trauma , whereas nearly 25% of post - traumatic deaths are caused by injuries to the chest .
such injuries are present in over half the patients after multifocal trauma . statistically , airway trauma is most commonly observed among men under 40 years ... | tracheobronchial damage is very rare in clinical practice and represents no more than 1% of all injuries caused by blunt trauma .
nearly 80% of patients die before reaching the hospital .
most ruptures are observed in the right main bronchus and are located within 2 cm of the carina trachea .
the highest mortalit... |
toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) are transmembrane receptors initiating a range of host defense mechanisms in response to microbial products [ 1 , 2 ] .
activation of the tlrs leads to activation of intracellular signaling pathways which results in the production of inflammatory cytokines , or chemokines , inducing the... | it was recently demonstrated that tlr4 activation via dietary lipids triggers inflammatory pathway and alters insulin responsiveness in the fat tissue during obesity . here
, we question whether other tlr family members could participate in the tlr - mediated inflammatory processes occurring in the obese adipose tiss... |
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) gives superior imaging resolution and is increasingly the modality of choice for functional and anatomical imaging in cardiovascular disease . in an aging population
the prevalence of patients with implanted trans - venous pacing systems means that , increasingly , such patients wil... | cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is increasingly used as the optimum modality for cardiac imaging . an aging population and rising numbers of patients with permanent pacemakers
means many such individuals may require cardiac mri scanning in the future . whilst the presence of a permanent pacemaker is histor... |
intra - articular knee injection is a common , relatively simple and safe procedure done in an outpatient setting for various knee conditions
. injections of corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid ( ha ) are most common for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
although several portals are available for knee i... | purposeintra - articular knee injections are commonly performed in clinical practice for treating various knee joint disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis .
when selecting the portal for injection , not only intra - articular needle accuracy but also procedural pain should be taken into considerat... |
written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images .
a copy of the written consent is available for review by the editor - in - chief of this journal on request .
yes , the guarantor accepts full responsibility for the work and conduct of t... | highlightsgenitalia are a key element for male self - esteem , contributing towards mental and physical balance and influencing their social life.scrotal dartos - fascio - mio - cutaneous flap for shaft coverage offers a large amount of tissue with low donor site morbidity , avoiding unsightly scars in more visible par... |
how should patient categories , or case - mix groups , be defined if they are to be used for prospective payment for inpatient care ?
two criteria are important for evaluating the effectiveness of a case - mix grouping system : medical meaningfulness of the grouping system and homogeneity of resource consumption with... | this article discusses the severity of illness case - mix groups , and suggests a refinement to diagnosis - related groups ( drg 's ) designed to accommodate the important element of patient severity .
an application of the suggested refinement is presented in a discussion of the efficient production of hospital serv... |
havana is the capital city of the republic of cuba with 15 municipalities , 2,193,848 inhabitants , and a population density of 3,040/km .
located in the north of the country , it covers an area of 720.84 km and has an annual average temperature of 25c .
house indexes ( percentage of houses with at least one infest... | in june 2001 , dengue transmission was detected in havana , cuba ; 12,889 cases were reported .
dengue 3 , the etiologic agent of the epidemic , caused the dengue hemorrhagic fever only in adults , with 78 cases and 3 deaths .
after intensive vector control efforts , no new cases have been detected . |
when the etiology is nontraumatic , there is no pattern to the way in which the joints are impaired , since the consequences of this condition have various effects on radial and midcarpal joints .
posttraumatic osteoarthrosis , however , shows a predictable standardized progression , and thus treatment depends on the... | objective : to compare the functional results of carpectomy and fourcorner fusion surgical procedures for treating osteoarthrosis following carpal trauma.methods:in this prospective randomized study , 20 patients underwent proximal row carpectomy or fourcorner fusion to treat wrist arthritis and their functional result... |
neonatal diabetes mellitus ( ndm ) , defined as persistent hyperglycemia occurring in the first six months of life , is a rare cause of hyperglycemia with an estimated incidence of 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 260,000 live births [ 13 ] .
almost all cases of ndm have monogenic etiology in contrast to the autoimmune diabetes ... | neonatal diabetes mellitus ( ndm ) , defined as persistent hyperglycemia occurring in the first months of life , is a rare cause of hyperglycemia and is often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) .
numerous reports have shown that the successful transition from insulin to sulfonylurea agents can be achi... |
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