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schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that afflicts 0.51% of the world 's population and that is typically first diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood .
the illness is manifest as disturbances in perception , attention , volition , inferential thinking , fluency and production of language , and the reco... | schizophrenia is a brain disorder associated with cognitive deficits that severely affect the patients ' capacity for daily functioning .
whereas our understanding of its pathophysiology is limited , postmortem studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits of gaba - mediated synaptic transmission .
... |
records were examined from all hospitals that treated patients with influenza ( h5n1 ) virus in northwest frontier province during 2007 .
data were rendered anonymous and entered into a secure database with predetermined clinical and epidemiologic fields .
cases matching predefined criteria ( table 1 ) were classif... | human infection with avian influenza ( h5n1 ) virus raises concern for the possibility of a pandemic .
we report 20 cases , which ranged from asymptomatic to fatal , in pakistan in 2007 .
these cases indicate human - to - human - to - human transmission of this virus , and the number of cases may be higher than rea... |
wheelchairs with reclining back supports are often used for individuals with leg and trunk
disorders , including those with post - stroke hemiplegia and spinal cord injuries .
individuals
who have difficulty sitting in the hospital can sometimes be more easily transported
sometime in wheelchairs with reclining ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the timing of leg
support elevation on the horizontal force acting on the buttocks in a reclining
wheelchair .
[ subjects and methods ] the participants were 17 healthy men .
two experimental
conditions were tested : the leg - down and leg... |
the kinetic visual field has been classically interpreted by measuring one or more isopter field areas .
areas are expressed in degrees squared , centimeters squared , average diameter , or steradians .
however , these units are usually limited to one isopter field area , and no information about the sensitivity to... | background : the purpose of this study was to quantify the volume of the kinetic visual field with a single unit that accounts for visual field area and differential luminance sensitivity.methods:kinetic visual field perimetry was performed with a goldmann perimeter using i4e , i3e , i2e , and i1e targets .
the visua... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00894 - 014 - 2272-y ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
one of the most important goals of theoretical chemistry is to understand the origin of conformational changes in molecules [ 1 , 2 ] . in order to achieve this goal
ma... | the internal rotation in ammonia borane ( ab ) was studied on the basis of natural orbitals for chemical valence ( nocv ) and eigenvectors for pauli repulsion ( nopr ) .
we found that the total hyperconjugation stabilization ( ca .
5 kcal mol1 ) , based on the charge transfer from the occupied ( b h ) orbitals i... |
the value of positron emission tomography ( pet ) and pet combined with computed tomography ( ct ) imaging in pediatric lymphomas has been fairly well described . however , because pediatric solid tumors are rare , the role of pet in their management is less well established .
there is a growing body of literature ab... | abstractpositron emission tomography ( pet)-computed tomography ( ct ) is emerging as a valuable tool for assessing a wide variety of pediatric malignancies , including lymphomas , soft - tissue tumors , and bone sarcomas .
pet - ct may provide information that is not apparent on conventional imaging performed to sta... |
although hundreds of thousands of papers on the topic can easily be found in computerized bibliographies , as well as in works from earlier times and obstetrical manuals published over the last two centuries , there is still no universally accepted way to manage breech delivery [ 18 ] .
even metaanalyses do not give ... | summarybackgroundthe authors performed a long term outcome analysis of minimal brain damage in children delivered in breech presentation , and related the results to the mode of delivery ( vaginal or by cesarean section).material / methodsin the department of obstetrics at the medical university of gdansk ( poland ) , ... |
the german research network on schizophrenia ( grns ) is one of 17 existing medical research networks funded by the german federal ministry of education and research ( bmbf ) since 1999 in order to improve care of patients with illnesses characterized by high morbidity and/or mortality .
each of these networks is fun... | the german research network on schizophrenia ( grns ) is a nationwide network currently comprising 16 psychiatric university departments and 14 state and district hospitals , as well as six local networks of psychiatric practices and general practitioners collaborating on about 25 interrelated , multicenter projects on... |
three - dimensional ( 3d ) image - based planning approaches to high dose rate ( hdr ) brachytherapy of cervical cancer have only been introduced in most departmental brachytherapy programs in the past decade , with magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging now recommended as the imaging modality of choice .
current internat... | purposethe superior image quality of 3 tesla ( 3 t ) magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging in cervical cancer offers the potential to use a single image set for brachytherapy .
this study aimed to determine a suitable single sequence for contouring tumour and organs at risk , applicator reconstruction , and treatment pla... |
imatinib , a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor has shown excellent efficacy in management of chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) . there may be almost complete remission hematologically in the chronic phase of management of cml due to this drug .
most commonly reported adverse events are maculopapular eruptions , perio... | imatinib , a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a newer anticancer agent , which has shown excellent efficacy in managing chronic myeloid leukemia .
it is generally well tolerated with few side effects .
most commonly reported adverse events are maculopapular eruptions and periorbital edema .
severe adverse re... |
the prevalence of childhood - onset type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased dramatically over
the past two or three decades in japan ( 1 ) .
several
nation - wide surveys have been conducted , but epidemiological and clinical data remain
limited ( 2 ) .
it is well known that life style modification and weight ... | the prevalence of childhood - onset type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased dramatically
over the past two or three decades in japan , but epidemiological and clinical data remain
limited . this survey was conducted to elucidate the current use of antidiabetic
medications and the efficacy , safety and problems ass... |
statistics demonstrate that , in the past 20 years , with the development of industry and aggravation of air pollution , the morbidity rate and mortality rate of lung cancer are increasing most quickly in all malignant tumors in china . in cities , the mortality of lung cancer is 27.5/1 000 000 , accounting for 22.4/10... | lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer - related mortality worldwide .
early detection of lung cancer is problematic due to the lack of a marker with high diagnosis sensitivity and specificity . to determine the differently expressed proteins in the serum of lung cancer and figure out the function of the pro... |
many cam modalities afford relief from pain , each in its own way , or according to its own terminology .
comparison of different cam modalities results in a simple phenomenology of pain centered around the idea that pain may be associated with blockages of the flow of energy in the system of nadis / acupuncture meri... | |
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) is the most common newly acquired
sexually transmitted infection ( sti ) in the united states , with an
estimated 20 million people infected .
furthermore ,
incidence of hpv infection has increased during the past two
decades , with approximately 6.2 million newly diagnosed cases ... | human papillomavirus ( hpv ) , a sexually transmitted infection and
the etiologic cause of genital warts and cervical cancer , is
highly prevalent in sexually active men and women . although
cervical screening procedures have significantly reduced the
disease burden associated with hpv infection , they are expe... |
raised body mass index ( bmi ) is common in patients with cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and obesity ( bmi 30 ) has been known as a risk factor for hypertension , type 2 diabetes , functional capacity ( fc ) , dislipidemia , and generally for coronary heart disease ( chd ) that is the most frequent cause of death .
t... | background : obesity is common in patients with cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and the vast majority of patients entering into cardiac rehabilitation program ( crp ) are obese . regarding the gender differences , the risk of developing coronary heart disease ( chd ) is recognized to be different between obese men and w... |
middle ear acquired cholesteatoma is a pathological condition associated with otitis media [ 1 , 2 ] , and as the cause of otorrhea , hearing loss , and occasionally complications such as facial palsy , brain abscess , and meningitis .
middle ear acquired cholesteatoma is morphologically characterized by epithelial c... | middle ear acquired cholesteatoma is a pathological condition associated with otitis media , which may be associated with temporal bone resorption , otorrhea and hearing loss , and occasionally various other complications .
cholesteatoma is characterized by the enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells with aberrant... |
a loss through suicide is a dreadful experience to those who are left behind.1 these persons likely consult their gp when they feel the need for help .
appropriate care meets an unmet need ; 2688% feel that help is required2,3 while evidence - based services are scarce .
relatives of suicide victims are at increase... | background . relatives who are bereaved by suicide likely consult their gp when they feel the need for professional help .
gps may play a key role in establishing who is at risk for adverse consequences of the loss as they are familiar with relatives possible psychiatric vulnerabilities .
the availability of eviden... |
idiopathic parkinson s disease ( pd ) is often associated with sleep disorders , the most common of which are insomnia , increased daytime sleepiness , restless legs syndrome , and rapid eye movement ( rem ) sleep behavior disorder.1 polysomnographic studies have demonstrated that patients with pd experience increased ... | introductionrasagiline is a selective , irreversible monoamine oxidase b inhibitor that ameliorates the symptoms of parkinson s disease ( pd ) by inhibiting striatal dopamine metabolism .
there is also evidence that monoamine oxidase b inhibitors increase melatonin levels in the pineal gland and may have a beneficial... |
the ches is a prospective , population - based study of glaucoma and other ocular conditions of chinese americans .
details of the study design and procedures are described in detail elsewhere . in brief , the examination clinic is located in the city of monterey park , california , in los angeles county , which has ... | purposeto compare grading of goniophotographic images and gonioscopy in assessing the iridocorneal angle.methodsin a population - based , cross - sectional study , participants underwent gonioscopy and goniophotographic imaging during the same visit .
the iridocorneal angle was classified as closed if the posterior t... |
dental implant treatment is very widely spread and reliable treatment that provides good clinical results with high success rates over 90% [ 1 - 2 ] .
titanium is commonly used as an implant material as it has high biocompatibility and bonding ability with the bone .
these characteristics were found in 1952 by the ... | abstractobjectivesnanothechnology found to be increasingly implemented in implantology sphere over the recent years and it shows encouraging effect in this field .
the aim of present review is to compare , based on the recent evidence , the influence of various nanostructure surface modifications of titanium for impl... |
there is ample evidence to prove that medical graduates are not prescribing rationally throughout the world . in many medical curricula , teaching in the clinical disciplines
is focused on symptoms and diagnosis , and little or no time is given to the principles of drug treatment .
unfortunately , many medical scho... | context : there is ample evidence to prove that medical graduates are not prescribing rationally and this can be improved by proper training.aims:to design and implement a prescription writing teaching module for second professional medical students.subjects and methods : a module of 3 h duration consisting of didactic... |
with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) to treat hiv infection over the past 15 years , dramatic reductions in hiv - related morbidity and mortality have yielded improvements in quality of life and life expectancy .
the risk of vertical transmission through pregnancy has also been reduced to... | the purpose of this cross - sectional study is to assess the desire , need , perceptions , and knowledge of assisted reproductive technologies ( arts ) for women living with hiv ( wlwhiv ) and determine correlates of art knowledge desire .
wlwhiv of reproductive age were surveyed using the survey instrument the hiv ... |
the five basic tastes comprise sweet ,
sour , bitter , salty , and
umami . of these tastes ,
sour and bitter
are generally unfavorable and avoided by humans , because these tastes
are associated with spoiled and unripe foods as well as bitter toxins .
the perception of bitterness may have evolved in humans ... | bitterness - masking compounds were identified in a natural
white
mold cheese .
the oily fraction of the cheese was extracted and further
fractionated by using silica gel column chromatography .
the four fractions
obtained were characterized by thin - layer chromatography and nuclear
magnetic resonance sp... |
immunoglobulin g4-related disease ( igg4-rd ) is a systemic disease characterized by chronic fibrosing inflammation with abundant igg4-positive plasma cells and elevated serum igg4 levels ; it tends to be mistaken for malignancy and responds well to steroids .
clinical manifestations are common in the pancreas , sali... | highlightsthe colonic igg4-rd is rare.we report the case of a74-year - old female with igg4-rd of the ileocecal region.the patient was diagnosed asmalignant lymphoma and underwent right - hemi colectomy.postoperative pathologicalexamination revealed igg4-rd of the ileocecal region.surgical resection for igg4-rdis neces... |
periodontitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the gingiva that results in periodontal pocket formation with loss of the supporting periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around teeth .
various terminologies including scaling and root planing ( srp ) or open flap debridement ( ofd ) are conventional meth... | aim : the aim was to evaluate the bonefill in periodontal osseous defects with the help of guided tissue regeneration , bioresorbable membrane ( periocol ) + bone graft ( grabio glascera ) in combination and with bonegraft ( grabio glascera ) alone.materials and methods : the study involved total 30 sites in systemical... |
the thalamus is of central interest in many disorders of the nervous system ( andreasen 1997 ; dom , et al .
1976 ; lee and marsden 1994 ; meador - woodruff , et al . 2003 ; speedie and heilman 1983 ; williams 1965 ; xuereb , et al . 1991 ) .
the functioning of the thalamus is crucial to many sensory , motor and co... | freely available automated mr image analysis techniques are being increasingly used to investigate neuroanatomical abnormalities in patients with neurological disorders .
it is important to assess the specificity and validity of automated measurements of structure volumes with respect to reliable manual methods that ... |
we report a 17-week - old female domestic shorthair cat with lumbosacral agenesis on whole - body radiographs .
lumbosacral agenesis ( lsa ) is a rare congenital condition found in people , where segments of the lumbar spine are missing with total or partial absence of the sacrum .
the exact etiology is unknown ... | case summarylumbosacral agenesis is a rare congenital condition reported in children .
we report a 17-week - old female domestic shorthair cat with lumbosacral agenesis on whole - body radiographs .
the cat was euthanized shortly thereafter presentation .
a necropsy was not permitted.relevance and novel informati... |
transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders
that include scrapie in sheep , bovine spongiform encephalopathy , chronic
wasting disease in elk and deer , and creutzfeldt jakob disease
in humans .
the infectious agent is an
abnormally folded isoform of cellular prion ... | the ability of the cellular prion
protein ( prpc ) to bind copper in vivo points to a physiological
role for prpc in copper transport .
six copper binding sites
have been identified in the nonstructured n - terminal region of human
prpc . among these sites ,
the his111 site is unique in that
it contains a... |
the majority of chromosomal rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) result in fusion genes or position effects . indeed , according to the world health organization classification of hematopoietic tumors , a consistent group of aberrations
is associated with specific aml subtypes , with both diagnostic and p... | we describe a case of acute myeloid leukemia m5 showing a balanced t(2;10 ) ( q31;p12 ) translocation .
this has never been described before as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in a bone marrow cell clone at onset .
using fluorescence in situ hybridization with properly designed bacterial artificial chromosome prob... |
criss - cross heart ( cch ) , or superoinferior ventricles , is a complex congenital rotational abnormality in which the systemic and pulmonary venous streams cross at the atrioventricular ( av ) level without mixing .
its frequency is less than 8/1000000 and accounts for < 0.1% of congenital heart defects ( chd ) . ... | crisscross heart ( cch ) is a rare cardiac malformation characterized by crossing of the inflow streams of the two ventricles due to an apparent twisting of the heart about its long axis .
the developmental mechanisms and causes of cch are remaining unknown .
neonates mainly presents with cyanosis and a systolic mu... |
while abdominal pain is a common presentation in patients with sickle cell disease , its progression to an acute surgical abdomen is relatively rare .
only a few case reports describing ischemic bowel secondary to sickle cell crisis have been published .
ischemic bowel secondary to sickle cell disease has been reco... | we report a case of small bowel ischemia secondary to sickle cell disease .
acute bowel ischemia is an uncommon presentation of patients with sickle cell disease .
historically , only a handful of cases have been reported .
we also provide a summary of the literature relevant to sickle cell patients with acute bo... |
the red spotted grouper , epinephelus akaara is one of the most important grouper species for aquaculture in korea , china , japan and southeast asian countries .
in particular , groupers are ideal candidate species for intensive aquaculture in asia pacific region because of high consumer demand , desirable taste , e... | we investigated the androgenic effects of 17- methyltestosterone ( mt ) on gonadal sex reversal in juvenile red spotted grouper epinephelus akaara .
the fish were immersed in 17-mt at 1 and 5
mg / l .
treatment method of 17-mt was once weekly for 4 and 8 weeks .
fish were sampled at 12 months after end of the t... |
a 35-year - old man with an unremarkable medical history sought treatment for headaches , hearing loss , and night sweats .
they came on as the day progressed and were neither positional nor associated with nausea , vomiting , or visual changes .
three weeks before arriving at the hospital , he noted a sense of " f... | the incidence of syphilis has consistently increased from 2000 to 2002 .
we report a case of acquired syphilis with symptoms of tullio phenomenon in a patient concurrently diagnosed with hiv infection .
the resurgence of syphilis in hiv - positive groups at high risk has public health implications for prevention of... |
postural stability is deeply linked with sports injuries , and copious evidence exists
indicating that postural stability is greatly reduced by sports injuries .
back in 1965 ,
freeman first described stabilometric alterations in patients suffering from ankle sprain
and correlated lateral instability of the ank... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to analyze stabilometry in athletes during an indoor
season in order to determine whether injured athletes show different stabilometric values
before injury than non - injured athletes in two different training periods ( volume and
pre - competition periods ) . [ subjects ] t... |
noise is one of the most harmful agents for health , primarily for hearing , and it is often unavoidable at workplaces and entertainment venues . noise - induced hearing loss ( nihl ) , which is hearing loss that is induced by high levels of sound pressure , is one of the most common occupational diseases .
currently... | summary
introduction : in the dentistry practice , dentists are exposed to harmful effects caused by several factors , such as the noise produced by their work instruments . in 1959 ,
the american dental association recommended periodical hearing assessments and the use of ear protectors .
aquiring more informat... |
visceral leishmaniasis or kala - azar , an infective disease encountered in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including indian subcontinent , is caused by protozoan parasite , leishmania donovani .
l. donovani has two morphological forms in its life cycle : the motile flagellated slender promastigotes tha... | visceral leishmaniasis , a vector - borne tropical disease that is threatening about 350 million people worldwide , is caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani .
metalloids like arsenic and antimony have been used to treat diseases like leishmaniasis caused by the kinetoplastid parasites .
arsenic ( iii... |
low back pain is a disease that frequently occurs in daily life . apart from headache , it is
the most common pain experienced by humans .
approximately 80% of people in the entire
population experience low back pain at least once during their lives .
this pain is one of
the factors that greatly affect the qu... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of extracorporeal shock
wave therapy on pain , disability , and depression of chronic low back pain patients .
[ subjects ] in this study , 30 chronic low back pain patients were divided into an
extracorporeal shock wave therapy group ( eswtg , n=15... |
percutaneous renal biopsy has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with renal disease , and although less invasive , it is fraught with potential complications .
introduction of realtime ultrasound and automated biopsy needles increased quality of specimens and dramatically reduced the ... | while ultrasonography is widely performed prior to biopsy , colour doppler examination is often used only to discover post - biopsy complications .
aim of this paper was to evaluate the usefulness of colour doppler examination in planning the optimal site of puncture for renal biopsy .
present analysis includes 561... |
in drosophila , widely - used mitotic recombination - based strategies generate mosaic flies with positive readout for only one daughter cell after division . to differentially label both daughter cells
, we developed the twin spot generator technique ( tsg ) and demonstrate that through mitotic recombination , tsg g... | |
subacute granulomatous thyroiditis ( sgt ) , also known as de quervain 's thyroiditis , is a self - limiting , inflammatory disease of the thyroid that is believed to be caused by a systemic viral infection .
it was first diagnosed in 1825 , and 18 cases were reported as thyroiditis acuta simplex until 1895 .
it ... | background : subacute granulomatous thyroiditis ( sgt ) is an inflammatory disease that presents with different clinical and cytological characteristics . although the diagnosis is generally made clinically , imaging methods and fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) may provide assistance , particularly in atypical cases . ... |
. a single indel may alter gene
length by disrupting the reading frame , increase substitution rate in flanking regions and
catalyze adaptive protein evolution ( tian et al .
indels complicate multiple
sequence alignments and may skew subsequent evolutionary analyses such as tests of positive
selection ( flet... | indel mutations play key roles in genome and protein evolution , yet we lack a
comprehensive understanding of how indels impact evolutionary processes .
genome - wide
analyses enabled by next - generation sequencing can clarify the context and effect of
indels , thereby integrating a more detailed consideration... |
olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic with efficacy in schizophrenia slightly higher than others.1 ) the extrapyramidal adverse effects are much lower than typical antipsychotics , though it has a higher metabolic adverse effect profile.2 ) orthostatic hypotension is common with first - generation antipsychotics with... | olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic which is efficacious in the treatment of schizophrenia .
the adverse effect profile for olanzapine is benign except for higher rates of metabolic events .
orthostatic hypotension is less commonly reported with olanzapine as compared to first - generation and few atypical anti... |
the population included patients at hospital virgen de las nieves ( granada , spain ) who had suspected ame .
routine virologic investigation included reverse transcription pcr ( rt - pcr ) of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) samples for detection of hev ( xpert ev system , cepheid , sunnyvale , ca , usa ) , tosv ( 7 ) , ... | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( lcmv ) was detected in 2 patients with acute meningitis in southern spain within a 3-year period .
although the prevalence of lcmv infection was low ( 2 [ 1.3% ] of 159 meningitis patients ) , it represents 2.9% of all pathogens detected .
lcmv is a noteworthy agent of neurologi... |
oxytocin ( ot ) is a maternal hormone with effect on uterine contraction and milk ejection .
more recently , ot has been shown to influence a wide spectrum of behavioural , physiological and endocrine functions mediated through receptors within the brain .
ot induces several anti - stress - like effects ; decrease ... | background and aims : unique post - partum endocrine hormone oxytocin secreted during breastfeeding ( bf ) has amnestic , sedative properties and down - regulates stress responses . this study was done to assess the effect of bf on consumption of propofol , sevoflurane and haemodynamic stability in women.methods:study ... |
leaf springs like all other springs serve to absorb , store , and release the energy . in heavy vehicles , leaves are stacked one upon another to ensure rigidity and strength . during its operation , the leaf spring requires that the load rate should vary within limit ( 7% ) and the maximum stress induced should be low... | the maximum stress induced plays vital role in fatigue life improvement of leaf springs . to reduce this maximum stress , leaves with different unassembled cambers
are assembled by pulling against each other and a common curvature is established .
this causes stress concentration or sets assembly stress in the asse... |
the past years have witnessed a growing interest in the therapeutic use of cannabis and its constituents to manage chronic pain.1 irrespective of the number of new trials examining the use of cannabinoids for chronic pain , the evidence of its effectiveness and its safety remains limited.2 the pharmacology of cannabis ... | backgrounddespite growing interest in the therapeutic use of cannabis to manage chronic pain , only limited data that address these issues are available . in recent years
, a number of nations have introduced specific laws to allow patients to use cannabis preparations to treat a variety of medical conditions . in 20... |
percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) is an effective choice in the treatment of large kidney stones because of excellent outcomes and acceptably low morbidity , and it is usually performed with the patient in the prone position.1 this approach provides a larger surface area for the choice of puncture site and a wider ... | we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of intermediate - supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) in patients with renal calculi .
fifteen patients were included in this study .
the intermediate - supine operative position was modified by using a 1-l saline bag below the ipsilateral upper flank .
a nephros... |
this was a historical cohort study using data from the health improvement network ( thin ) database .
thin is a population - based database of electronic health records of approximately 6 million patients from more than 300 general practices in the united kingdom .
thin has been validated for a wide range of medica... | objective : to investigate the effect of autoimmune thyroiditis ( ait ) on risk of stroke and to assess whether any increased risk ( 1 ) varied by ait duration , and ( 2 ) was independent of classic cardiovascular risk factors.methods:this was a large historical cohort study using data from the health improvement netwo... |
nano - sized metal particles embedded in glass are of great interest because of their potential application as non - linear material for photonic devices .
the non - linear properties of nanocomposite glasses equipped with such particles are induced by the surface plasmon resonance at the interface between particles ... | bimetallic , initially spherical ag / au nanoparticles in glass prepared by ion implantation have been irradiated with intense femtosecond laser pulses at intensities still below the damage threshold of the material surface .
this high - intensity laser processing produces dichroism in the irradiated region , which c... |
the institutional review board of gyeongsang national university hospital approved the study protocol ( no .
2015 - 06 - 031 ) , and the protocol complied with the tenets of the declaration of helsinki .
all consecutive patients in a tertiary referral hospital , gyeongsang national university hospital in jinju , ko... | purposeto compare the two transscleral fixation ( tsf ) techniques of intrascleral pocket and conventional scleral flap with conjunctival division techniques in terms of short - term clinical effects.methodsthis retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients with aphakia in gyeongsang national university ... |
as reported previously ( drfer et al . 2009 ) , the study had been approved by the imdec international medical & dental ethics commission freiburg ( approval number 01 17 04 03 ) .
subjects were recruited from the general population between november 10th and 14th 2003 , to which the research was advertized by flyers... | abstractaimto compare longterm effects of brushing with an oscillating rotating power toothbrush or an ada reference manual toothbrush on preexisting gingival recession.materials and methodsin this controlled , prospective , singleblind , parallelgroup study , healthy subjects with preexisting recession were randomize... |
health needs assessment is a process of determining the health and health care needs of any given population or sub - group in an area . it is a complex task requiring epidemiological expertise , the ability to work across organizational boundaries as well as an understanding of , and an ability to engage with all app... | this paper takes a public health approach to briefly examine : ( i ) the concept of community health care need assessment ; ( ii ) the roles of academic institutions in health needs assessment ; ( iii ) jazan study to address the health care needs in jazan region , saudi arabia .
the methods included an analysis of t... |
it has been reported that many short children suffer from problems at school and with peer
relationships .
these difficulties with peer relationships , as well as low self - esteem seem
to influence the psychosocial status of some individuals with short stature . additionally ,
short stature children are often ... | to evaluate the psychosocial status of short
children with and without growth hormone therapy ( ght ) and that of their parents ,
self - administered questionnaires were collected from patients and parents who regularly
visit the outpatient clinics participating in the child health and development network .
com... |
as characterized by hanchanale and coworkers , the perception of botulinum toxin a has been transformed from poison to a healing agent .
information concerning botulinum neurotoxin serotypes , molecular structures , substrate specificities , mechanisms of zinc - dependent peptide hydrolysis , ion channel formation ,... | a relatively new
approach in the treatment of specific wounds in
animal models and in patients with type a
botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper .
the
indications or conditions include traumatic
wounds ( experimen... |
esophageal carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the esophagus , and it has the characteristics of strong invasiveness and high mortality . around 300 000 people die of esophageal cancer every year around the world , but its incidence and mortality varies greatly in different countries .
c... | backgroundcirculating tumor cells ( ctcs ) are tumor cells that leave the primary tumor site and enter the bloodstream , where they can spread to other organs ; they are very important in the diagnosis , treatment , and prognosis of malignant tumors .
however , few studies have investigated ctcs in esophageal squamou... |
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) have become two of the fastest growing pathologies worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] , while diabetic kidney disease ( dkd ) is still the leading cause of ckd and end - stage renal disease .
population ageing and increase in prevalence of many interrelated comorbidities s... | diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end - stage renal disease .
albuminuria is recognized as the most important prognostic factor for chronic kidney disease progression . for this reason ,
blockade of renin - angiotensin system remains the main recommended strategy , with either angiotensin converting e... |
a 15-year - old female patient has been referred to the dental hospital in madurai , tamil nadu , india , with a chief complaint of missing maxillary central incisor .
past dental history revealed that the patient had earlier visited a dental clinic where she had been diagnosed with a congenitally missing central inc... | impaction of maxillary permanent central incisor is not a frequently reported case in dental practice , but its treatment is challenging because of its importance to facial esthetics .
early detection of such teeth is most important if complications are to be avoided .
we report a case of a 14-year - old female wit... |
laminated wood products are becoming popular in various applications such as construction , furniture units , and indoor decorations due to utilization of raw materials with alternative approach . compared with sawn lumber ,
laminated lumber can be used for creating wood products that are free from defects and are mu... | the mechanical properties of laminated window profiles manufactured using two types of adhesives were determined .
the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated window profiles that manufactured from kosipo ( entandrophragma candollei harms . )
u... |
a 70-year - old woman was admitted to hospital because of bilateral pleural effusion , and referred to our neurology department due to a 2-year history of gait disturbance that occasionally resulted in falling down , before which she had been well .
six months after the first episode of falling down , her family noti... | we present a 77-year - old woman with levodopa - nonresponsive parkinsonism , dementia , and supranuclear gaze palsy on vertical and horizontal gaze .
laboratory findings were consistent with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism , and brain computed tomography showed extensive bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia ,... |
dysfunction or weakness of the gluteus medius is related to diverse musculoskeletal
diseases , including lumbar pain1 , 2 .
the height of the hip joint is different in
a person with lumbar pain , and radiating pain around the hip joint is due to weakness in the
gluteus medius3 . in a study of the ability
to p... | [ purpose ] the present study examined the activity and the gait characteristics of the
gluteus medius and the trunk stability muscles during the stance phase of gait on level
ground when a vertical load corresponding to 0% , 1% , or 2% of body weight was placed on
the lower extremities during the swing phase of ... |
varicose veins occur commonly in the general population but despite much research the etiology of venous disease is still poorly understood .
obesity , age , parity , standing for long times , and family history are risk factors .
incidence of varicose veins in adult population has been shown to vary among populati... | the objective of the study is to evaluate a range of potential risk factors in the etiology of varicose veins with superficial venous reflux .
forty - nine patients attending a cardiovascular surgery clinic for the management of varicose disease between 2009 and 2010 were enrolled for the study .
the age range of t... |
over the past 20 years , advances in radiographic imaging and computer technology have allowed for application of image - guided surgery in orbital reconstruction .
conversely , volumetric analyses of anatomical structures have been utilized for the design of standardized anatomic implants for orbital reconstruction ... | the advent of computer - assisted technology has revolutionized planning for complex craniofacial operations , including orbital reconstruction .
orbital reconstruction is ideally suited for virtual planning , as it allows the surgeon to assess the bony anatomy and critical neurovascular structures within the orbit ,... |
photothermal ablation is an exciting noninvasive cancer paradigm,15 which is just beginning to enter the clinical arena for human cancer therapy.6 numerous nanomaterials including nanoshells,1,2 polyhydroxy fullerenes,5 gold speckled silica nanoparticles ( nps),7 gold nps,8 gold nanorods,3 nanotubes,9,10 nanocages,11 a... | purposephotothermal therapy is an emerging cancer treatment paradigm which involves highly localized heating and killing of tumor cells , due to the presence of nanomaterials that can strongly absorb near - infrared ( nir ) light .
in addition to having deep penetration depths in tissue , nir light is innocuous to no... |
astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system ( cns ) , providing crucial support for the development and maintenance of cns function .
nevertheless , astrocytes are also involved in the injury process and in a variety of neurological disorders , in which they become activated or dysfunctio... | in the aftermath of spinal cord injury , glial restricted precursors ( grps ) and immature astrocytes offer the potential to modulate the inflammatory environment of the injured spinal cord and promote host axon regeneration .
nevertheless clinical application of cellular therapy for the repair of spinal cord injury ... |
the heat exchange between the human body and the thermal environment can be described in the form of the energy balance equation , an application of the first theorem of thermodynamics applied to the body 's heat sources ( metabolism and environmental ) and the various avenues of heat loss to environment ( see method b... | backgroundthe close relationship between human health , performance , well - being and the thermal environment is obvious .
nevertheless , most studies of climate and climate change impacts show amazing shortcomings in the assessment of the environment .
populations living in different climates have different susce... |
the palmaris longus muscle is one of the flexor muscles of the forearm that originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus , terminates on the flexor retinaculum and contributes to the palmar fascia .
although in the upper limbs its function is considered insignificant , in the event of tendon grafting , it is ... | background : the palmaris longus is a degenerating weak flexor muscle in the anterior of the forearm . many techniques for clinically determining the presence of the palmaris longus have been described .
ethnic variations in the prevalence of the absence of the palmaris longus are well known.objectives:this study con... |
candida albicans is a major commensal fungus residing in the mucosal surfaces of our bodies .
it is mainly found in the gastrointestinal tract , skin and genital tract . when the mucosal barrier is disturbed , c. albicans penetrates into the epithelium and causes systemic infection .
conditions associated with immu... | il-33 is a multifunctional cytokine that is released in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli .
the role of il-33 in candida albicans infections is just beginning to be revealed .
this cytokine has beneficial effects on host defense against systemic c. albicans infections , and it promotes resist... |
among the many different symptoms encountered in every day practice , cough is the most common symptom in children visiting the pediatrician .
chronic nonspecific cough is defined as a nonproductive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known cause persisting for more than 3 to 8 weeks .
routi... | backgroundin the subgroup of children with chronic cough , distinguishing children with allergic asthma from those with non - specific respiratory symptoms is difficult .
we have focused on determination of diagnostic efficiency of serum total ige , sige , and skin prick test in differentiation of asthmatic children ... |
the plan for management of obstructive uropathy is based on precise delineation of both renoureteral units along with accurate estimation of the renal function .
usual approach is to combine diagnostic tools which delineates the anatomy like ivu and radioisotope renal scan for assessment of the split renal function w... | introduction and objective : nuclear renal scan is currently the gold standard imaging study to determine differential renal function .
we propose helical ct as single modality for both the anatomical and functional evaluation of kidney with impaired function . in the present study renal parenchymal volume
is measu... |
a previously healthy 20-year - old man presented to our community emergency department with nausea , vomiting , and generalized weakness for 1 month .
he had undergone an extensive outpatient evaluation with normal imaging and laboratory studies and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealing only reflux gastritis .
vi... | point - of - care ( poc ) ultrasonography is considered fundamental in emergency medicine training and recently has become a milestone in critical care fellowship programs as well . currently , there is no such standard requirement for internal medicine residency programs in the united states .
we present a new case ... |
superoxide radical ( o2 ) is known to be harmful to cellular components and to function as a precursor of other reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , such as singlet oxygen ( o2 ) and hydroxyl radical ( oh ) .
a dismutation reaction can result in the formation of hydrogen peroxides ( h2o2 ) and o2 from the reaction of o2... | this paper summarizes our research for herbal extracts with potent antioxidant activity obtained from a large scale screening based on superoxide radical ( o2 ) scavenging activity followed by characterization of antioxidant properties .
firstly , scavenging activity against o2 was extensively screened from ethanol e... |
isolation and cultivation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells : the
canine ascs used in this study were obtained in the same manner described in previous paper ,
and these were previously characterized .
briefly , adipose tissues were aseptically harvested from gluteal region of 2-year - old beagle
dogs ,... | the purpose of this study was to investigate the protein expression pattern and the
in vivo trichogenicity of dermal papilla - like tissues ( dplts ) made from
canine adipose - derived mesenchymal stem cells ( ascs ) in athymic nude mice .
canine ascs
were isolated and cultured from adipose tissue , and differe... |
the
accurate treatment of the adsorption of molecules on surfaces
is a major challenge of materials modeling , with important applications
in nanotechnologies and science : heterogeneous catalysis , sensors ,
corrosion , lubrication , friction , and coatings , to name but a few .
clay minerals are natural
a... | clay
minerals are ubiquitous in nature , and the manner in which
they interact with their surroundings has important industrial and
environmental implications .
consequently , a molecular - level understanding
of the adsorption of molecules on clay surfaces is crucial . in this
regard computer simulations p... |
it is caused by viruses of the genus flavivirus , family flaviviridae , and group iv ssrna .
dengue is transmitted to humans by the mosquito aedes aegypti and is one of the most rapidly spreading viral infections .
there has been a 30-fold increase in its incidence in the last 50 years coupled to increasing migrati... | dengue is a vector transmitted viral infection ; tropical and subtropical countries see outbreaks of dengue each year .
there is a paucity of literature on effects of dengue infection on pregnancy outcome and this prompted us to undertake a study for better understanding of pregnancy implications with dengue infectio... |
approximately 70% of patients with multiple myeloma have urinary m protein spike and about 2025% have kidney disease at the time of diagnosis .
up to half of myeloma patients demonstrate renal involvement during the course of their disease [ 3 , 4 ] .
myeloma kidney is implicated in about 41% of cases and is distin... | pauci - immune crescentic glomerulonephritis ( picgn ) is most commonly associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( anca ) .
we report a case of chronic , sclerosing anca - negative picgn discovered when a patient presented with multiple myeloma . a 57-year - old woman presented with complaints of nausea ... |
methods of topical fluoride application include professional topical application and home use of fluoride dentifrice and fluoride mouth rinse .
professional topical application is a means of preventing dental caries in both deciduous and permanent teeth and is performed by dental specialists ( dentists and dental hyg... | the objective of the present research was to determine the appropriate amount of fluoride to use professional topical application and the residual amounts of fluoride in the oral cavity using a 2% neutral sodium fluoride ( naf ) foam with a dedicated tray .
using dentition study models , a method for determining the ... |
iran by a population of 78 million , 30 provinces , 400 districts and more than 65,000 villages comprises of a 65% of the population that are living in urban areas .
according to the 4 5-year national development plan the family physician reform should be extended to the whole country .
therefore , family physician... | background : urban family physician program has been launched as a pilot in fars and mazandaran provinces of iran since 2012 .
attitudes of policy makers and people toward urban family physician program have become challenging .
this study shows what people know and practice toward this program.methods:this cross -... |
diphyllobothriasis is caused by the adult tapeworm ( diphyllobothrium spp . ) , and is contracted by consuming raw or undercooked fish in northwest europe and east asia .
many patients with diphyllobothriasis are asymptomatic , while other patients develop gastro - intestinal discomfort , diarrhea , or abdominal pain... | diphyllobothrium latum and diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are the 2 reported main causes of human diphyllobothriasis in the republic of korea .
however , the differentiation of these 2 species based on morphologic features alone is difficult .
the authors used nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c ... |
the fetus enjoys special privileges that minimize the risk of being rejected by the maternal immune system during pregnancy .
the maternal immune system is alerted and responds actively to the fetal invasion , but the type of inflammation generated is not a milieu in which rejecting t cell responses are favored . at ... | multiple mechanisms underlie the surprising willingness of mothers to tolerate the semi - allogeneic fetal tissues during pregnancy .
chief among these is the expression of the hla - g molecules that has been largely demonstrated to be responsible for reprogramming the local maternal immune response towards tolerance... |
in esrd patients on renal replacement therapy , k homeostasis is mainly maintained on adequate dialytic k removal and adapted extrarenal k regulation1 ) .
however , due to the different dialysis modes between hd and capd , i.e. the episodic ( 3 - 4 times / wk ) in hd versus the daily continuous dialysis in capd , hd ... | in end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients regardless of dialysis modes , i.e. maintenance hemodialysis ( hd ) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( capd ) , potassium ( k ) homeostasis is regulated primarily via dialysis and extrarenal k regulation in the diverse daily k intake .
however , k metabolism... |
pure red cell aplasia ( prca ) is a rare adverse reaction occurring in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) who are treated with erythropoiesis - stimulating agents ( esa ) .
it is generated by epoetin - induced antibodies ( ab ) that neutralize all the exogenous erythropoietin ( epo ) and cross - react with ... | pure red cell aplasia ( prca ) may develop in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving erythropoiesis - stimulating agents ( esa ) .
we report on a 72-year - old patient who developed hypo - proliferative anaemia unresponsive to esa following the administration of epoetin zeta subcutaneously for 7 months . on t... |
to define pd predisposition genes and loci , omim ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim ) was searched with the words parkinson disease and genes and locus / loci . the somatic cm mutation data used in this article merged melanoma exome / genome sequencing from different sources as described elsewhere .
all mutati... | objective : to assess whether parkinson disease ( pd ) genes are somatically mutated in cutaneous melanoma ( cm ) tissue , because cm occurs in patients with pd at higher rates than in the general population and pd is more common than expected in cm cohorts.methods:we cross - referenced somatic mutations in metastatic ... |
what was different in pci between the two merged analysis described above?14,31 we may argue that patients treated with dess had more three - vessel disease ( 87.3% vs. 36.1% with bms ) and perhaps a higher syntax score than those treated with bms ( in fact , we will never know which was the syntax score for them ) .
... | randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) with first- and second - generation drug - eluting stents ( dess ) confirmed the superiority of coronary artery bypass surgery ( cabg ) in patients with multiple vessel disease . in spite of different des designs , investigators in these trials used similar percutaneous coronary inte... |
rup has long championed public access to research articles via a six - month embargo , and we thus support this aspect of the wellcome trust policy and the new rcuk policy .
however , we question the value of a provision in their policies that specifies licensing terms for reuse of content by third parties .
both o... | the existing public access policy for our three journals the journal of cell biology , the journal of experimental medicine , and the journal of general physiology is fully compliant with new policies from the research councils uk ( rcuk ) and the wellcome trust .
in addition to mandating public access , the new po... |
full - thickness cartilage defects remain one of the most common , yet difficult challenges faced by orthopedic surgeons today .
curl et al . reported in over 31,000 knee arthroscopies that 63% of patients had a grade iii or iv [ 2 , 3 ] articular cartilage lesion .
these lesions demonstrate limited healing poten... | intermittent parathyroid hormone administration can enhance fracture healing in an animal model . despite the success of exogenous parathyroid hormone on fracture healing and spine fusion ,
few studies have examined the role of parathyroid hormone on cartilage formation .
we determined the effects of intermittent p... |
the main endothelium derived factor is nitric oxide ( no ) which is not only a potent vasodilator but also inhibits platelet aggregation , smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation , monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression , thus protecting the vessel wall against the development of atherosclerosis and ... | backgroundthe effects of antihypertensive agents on endothelial function have not been fully evaluated in human hypertension and data on the forearm circulation of humans are controversial .
the aim of this study was ( 1 ) to evaluate the endothelial function in hypertensive patients ( 2 ) to investigate whether vita... |
an estimated 1,000 cases of spinal cord injury ( sci ) related to athletics are treated yearly in the united states , representing 8.9% of total sci cases,1
2 and although much has been written about both surgical and nonsurgical treatment methods , the literature guiding return to function is scant .
transient neu... | study design survey .
objective sports - related spinal cord injury ( sci ) represents a growing proportion of total scis but lacks evidence or guidelines to guide clinical decision - making on return to play ( rtp ) .
our objective is to offer the treating physician a consensus analysis of expert opinion regardi... |
virus isolation was performed in the bsl-4 laboratory at the centers for disease control and prevention in atlanta .
vero e6 cells were inoculated and observed for characteristic cytopathic effect , syncytium formation ( 1,5 ) .
nv was isolated from 2 oropharyngeal swabs ( spb200401066 , spb200406506 ) , 1 cerebros... | until 2004 , identification of nipah virus ( nv)-like outbreaks in bangladesh was based on serology .
we describe the genetic characterization of a new strain of nv isolated during outbreaks in bangladesh ( nv - b ) in 2004 , which confirms that nv was the etiologic agent responsible for these outbreaks . |
a 72 year - old , 150 cm , 57 kg , female patient presented with a neck mass that developed a few years earlier .
she had no specific medical records except for taking medication for hypertension for 2 years .
a physical examination revealed a palpable , broad , and firm tumor around both thyroid glands , but she d... | to achieve safe airway management , it is essential first to predict whether there will be difficulties in intubating or ventilating the patient 's airway .
an enlarged thyroid mass can produce a tracheal obstruction by compression or intraluminal invasion or both .
we report two patients with thyroid cancer that o... |
adhesion involves interactions at the interface between materials and depends of several
factors as cleanliness , composition , and roughness of adherent surface .
mechanical
bonding is the most effective means of creating strong joints . in this type of adhesion
,
the material penetrates into the adherent , ... | an increase in dentin roughness , associated with surface composition , contributes to
bacterial adherence in recontaminations .
surface roughness is also important for
micromechanical interlocking of dental materials to dentin , and understanding the
characteristics of the surface is essential to obtain the ad... |
hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) is a hematological disease characterized mainly by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , thrombocytopenia , and acute renal failure .
it is commonly caused by infections of shiga - like toxin producing bacteria , such as escherichia coli strain o157:h7 , o111:h8 , o103:h2 ... | atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome ( ahus ) is a very rare , life - threatening , progressive disease that frequently has a genetic component and in most cases is triggered by an uncontrolled activation of the complement system .
successful treatment of ahus with plasma infusions and therapeutic plasma exchange ( tpe... |
polyamidoamine ( pamam ) dendrimers were purchased from sigma aldrich ( poole , dorset , uk ) and used without further purification . the pamam dendrimers with amino and amidoethanol surface groups
were diluted to a concentration of 10 pmol/l in solutions of methanol ( fisherscientific , loughborough , uk ) to water... | here , we investigate the effect of the structure ( generation ) and nature of the surface groups of different polyamidoamine ( pamam ) dendrimers on electron - mediated dissociation , either electron capture dissociation ( ecd ) or electron detachment dissociation ( edd ) , and compare the fragmentation with that obse... |
sex steroid hormone receptors are located in various human ocular tissues , such as cornea , iris , ciliary body , lens , conjunctiva , retina , lacrimal and meibomian gland , in both males and females.1,2 epidemiological studies show that sex hormones act differently according to sex and increase the incidence of age ... | purposeto determine the ocular biometric characteristics during the menstrual cycle using the optical low - coherence reflectometry ( olcr ) biometry.methodstwenty-two healthy women between the ages of 19 and 36 years with regular menstrual cycles were enrolled in this prospective study .
subjects with irregular mens... |
among the different entities causing rhinoliquorrhea in closest proximity to the sphenoid bone , trigeminal meningoceles ( tms ) , lateral sphenoidal meningoceles ( lsms ) , and the persistence of the lateral craniopharyngeal canal ( sternberg cruveilhier canal , sc ) have been described .
tms have only been reporte... | trigeminal meningoceles , lateral to the maxillary nerve ( v2 ) , have seldom been reported as underlying pathology for spontaneous rhinoliquorrhea .
in contrast to sphenoid meningoceles arising from a persistent lateral craniopharyngeal canal ( sternberg cruveilhier , medial to v2 ) , their occurrence seems to be g... |
the palate is a complex area of the mouth , with a variety of native tissue types that give rise to a plethora of pathological conditions , both benign and malignant [ table 1 ] .
they are generally classified as either hodgkin lymphoma or non - hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) and may be of either b - lymphocyte or t - lymp... | diagnosis of palatal swellings is a challenge .
benign and malignant tumors may be misinterpreted as lesions of inflammatory origin .
we present a case of b - cell non - hodgkin lymphoma on the palate of a 40-year - old male .
a number of factors can make the diagnosis of oral lymphoma difficult .
many lymphoma... |
clear cell odontogenic carcinoma ( ccoc ) is a rare jaw tumor that was first described by hansen et al.1 in 1985 , in which patients presented with local bony invasions without metastasis . at first , ccoc was called a clear cell odontogenic tumor or clear cell ameloblastoma , and was considered more aggressive than am... | clear cell odontogenic carcinoma ( ccoc ) is a rare jaw tumor that was classified as a malignant tumor of odontogenic origin in 2005 by the world health organization because of its aggressive and destructive growth capacity and metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes .
we report a case of a 66-year - old female who h... |
according to the international agency for research on cancer , there were an estimated 482,000 incident cases of esophageal cancer ( ec ) with high mortality ( 84% ) around the world in 2008 1 .
ec often infiltrates neighboring organs and easily metastasizes to lymph nodes , and as a result , the prognosis of locally... | currently , the most promising strategy to improve the prognosis of advanced esophageal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiation ( crt ) followed by surgery .
however , patients who achieved pathological complete response can experience more survival benefit .
therefore , it is critical to identify the responders early... |
type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disorder that is caused by a metabolic and/or hormonal imbalance between insulin secretion from cells and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues , both of which might be modified by genetic and environmental factors .
the decreased sensitivity to insulin leads to an increas... | spontaneously diabetic torii leprfa ( sdt fatty ) rat , established by introducing the fa allele of the zucker fatty rat into sdt rat genome , is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes .
both male and female sdt fatty rats show overt obesity , and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are observed at a young age as compared... |
this short invited article reviews diffusion techniques used to infer sizes of structures in samples that lead to restricted diffusion .
then it explains how the time dependence is used to infer sizes of structures , such as axon diameters , in the sample .
it then discusses the limitations of current methods infer... | this article reviews a new concept in magnetic resonance as applied to cellular and biological systems .
diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be used to infer information about restriction sizes of samples being measured .
the measurements rely on the apparent diffusion coefficient changing with diffus... |
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe and chronic psychiatric disorders , both considered as major psychosis that are thought to share several pathogenetic factors involving a dysfunctional gene x environment interaction .
epigenetic events in telencephalic gabaergic and glutamatergic neurons contribute t... | schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are chronic psychiatric disorders , both considered as major psychosis ; they are thought to share some pathogenetic factors involving a dysfunctional gene x environment interaction .
alterations in the glutamatergic transmission have been suggested to be involved in the pathogene... |
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