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anaesthesiology today is a vast speciality in medical science with its subspecialties ranging from perioperative patient care to critical care , trauma care , pain management and palliative care . choosing a career is a complex exercise and maybe influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors . the subject has...
trends in selection of a career in medicine vary from country to country . to plan future recruitment strategies and to balance distribution of physicians among medical specialties , each country needs to examine these reasons as part of educational research . the aim of this study was to explore the anaesthesiolog...
pregnancy - associated breast cancer ( pabc ) , which occurs during pregnancy or within one year of delivery , is the second most common cancer in pregnant women 1 - 3 . a normal full - term pregnancy is believed to be one of the most effective means to decrease the lifetime - risk of breast cancer , whereas pabc is ...
our previous studies revealed that pregnancy associated breast cancer ( pabc ) had significantly reduced nuclear p63 expression in myoepithelia , while intense cytoplasmic p63 expression in associated epithelia . our current study assessed these epithelia using immunohistochemistry with a panel of aggressiveness and ...
a 16-year - old boy visited to our neurology clinic with a 12-month history of a clicking noise in the both ears and palatal discomfort . the clicking resembled the sound of snapping fingernails and was externally audible at a distance of 50 cm . he denied any voluntary control over this movement as well as any sen...
essential palatal tremor ( ept ) is a rare disorder which shows rhythmic involuntary movement of the muscles of soft palate , especially tensor veli palatini muscle . ept is classified by two subtypes , which is primary and secondary ept . secondary ept includes psychogenic type . we describe a case of intractabl...
the list is based on the data available at genomenet web site http://www.genome.jp/. click here for additional data file .
carbonic anhydrase ( ca ) ( e.c . 4.2.1.1 ) is a ubiquitous enzyme catalysing interconversion between co2 and bicarbonate . the irregular distribution of the phylogenetically distinct classes of ca in procaryotic genome suggests its complex evolutionary history in procaryotes . genetic evidence regarding the disp...
the effects of inhaled zinc oxide / hexachloroethane smoke ( 11,580 mg x min / m3 ) and intratracheally instilled zinc chloride ( 2.5 mg / kg body weight ) have been studied in rat lung . the effects of subsequent treatment with 70% oxygen have been studied after both procedures . both the inhalation of the smoke a...
service user involvement ( sui ) is emphasized in many strategies , plans , and declarations . it is a recognized value in social work and in health care , yet in practice , sui is not always achieved [ 13 ] . there is a dissonance between the philosophies of sui and the existence of these philosophies in the reali...
service user involvement ( sui ) is a principal and a guideline in social and health care and also in mental health and substance abuse work . in practice , however , there are indicators of sui remaining rhetoric rather than reality . the purpose of this study was to analyse and describe service users ' conceptions ...
a 54 year - old - man , presented with multiple , small , well- defined , gray - brown , papules and small papillomatous patches located on his penis , which had appeared over the last year ( figure 1 ) . genital warts , lichen planus , a verrucous nevus and bp were suspected among our clinical diagnosis . the derm...
bowenoid papulosis ( bp ) corresponds to an in situ squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) located in the anogenital region . it is related to hpv , and presents with gray - brown elevated papules or plaques . a biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis ; however , dermoscopy may be useful to differentiate this disease fr...
peripheral artery disease ( pad ) is a highly prevalent medical condition , and it is associated with high prevalence of coexisting vascular diseases in the coronary , cerebral , and renal arteries [ 2 , 3 ] . many patients with pad are physically limited by ambulatory leg pain [ 7 , 8 ] , resulting in baseline amb...
apolipoprotein b is a stronger predictor of myocardial infarction than ldl cholesterol , and it is inversely related to physical activity and modifiable with exercise training . as such , apolipoprotein measures may be of particular relevance for subjects with pad and claudication . we compared plasma apolipoprotei...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a degenerative disorder of the human central nervous system ( cns ) . its clinical and neuropathological features are defined by a progressive loss of cognitive function and by the onset of a slowly progressive impairment of memory during mid- to late - adult life . the neuropathologi...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) etiological studies suggest that an elevation in amyloid- peptides ( a ) level contributes to aggregations of the peptide and subsequent development of the disease . the major constituent of these amyloid peptides is the 1 to 4042 residue peptide ( a 4042 ) derived from amyloid protein p...
megaloblastic anemia is an important morbidity in children and adolescents especially in developing countries and with poor socioeconomic status . imerslund grasbeck syndrome ( igs ) is a rare autosomal recessive megaloblastic anemia characterized by selective vitamin ( vit ) b12 deficiency and asymptomatic proteinur...
imerslund grasbeck syndrome ( igs ) is a rare autosomal recessive childhood disorder characterized by selective vitamin ( vit ) b 12 malabsorption with asymptomatic proteinuria without any structural renal pathology . the patients stay healthy for decades with life - long parenteral vit b12 . we report a case of yo...
the interplay and architecture of genetic , epigenetic , and environment - induced changes in the dna sequences contribute to large phenotypic variations . the post - human genome era , embarked on several major international projects and subsequently their databases such as human genome project , genome wide associa...
background : constitutional type of an individual or prakriti is the basic clinical denominator in ayurveda , which defines physical , physiological , and psychological traits of an individual and is the template for individualized diet , lifestyle counseling , and treatment . the large number of phenotype description ...
the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) seems to involve disturbances at many levels of the so - called gut - brain axis.1 recent research has emphasized the role of food in abdominal symptom generation,2 in particular low - digestible carbohydrates.3 our group has previously shown that the ingestion of...
backgroundingestion of low - digestible carbohydrates triggers symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) . these carbohydrates become substrates for microbial fermentation in the colon , yielding short - chain fatty acids ( scfas ) that are readily absorbed . aiming to compare colonic fermentation in...
however , the style of the application may induce both allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from the nsaids and their ingredients . we describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis with diffuse erythematous reaction caused by allergic sensitivity to a component , diisopropanolamine , of a compress used by t...
compresses containing a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ( nsaid ) are commonly used in japan . however , this treatment may induce both allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from the nsaids and their ingredients . here , we describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis with diffuse erythematous reaction d...
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most frequently occurring urologic diseases in men older than 50 . the bladder outlet obstruction causes a variety of urinary symptoms including nocturia , incomplete voiding , urgency , and hesitancy and comes to the fore as a significant health problem interrupting...
purposewe investigated the prevalence rate of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) among korean males in a rural area through a cross - sectional , community - based epidemiologic survey and analyzed the correlation with epidemiologic factors.materials and methodsa total of 779 males who lived in yangpyeong county part...
chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( cp / cpps ) is a common male chronic pain condition . its prevalence ranges from 9 to 16% worldwide and from 5 to 25% in korea [ 1 - 3 ] . cp / cpps presents with various voiding symptoms , perineal or suprapubic pain , erectile dysfunction or sexual disturbance ...
purposethe objective of this study was to examine the psychological features and coping strategies of patients with chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( cp / cpps).materials and methodsthe participants consisted of 55 military personnel suffering from cp / cpps and 58 military personnel without cp / cpp...
serotonin syndrome is a potentially life - threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity in the central nervous system . it is characterized by mental status changes ( eg , confusion , agitation , lethargy , coma ) , autonomic instability ( eg , hyperthermia , tachycardia , diaphoresis , nausea , vo...
introductionserotonin syndrome is a potentially life - threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity in the central nervous system . it is characterized by mental status changes ( eg , confusion , agitation , lethargy , coma ) , autonomic instability ( eg , hyperthermia , tachycardia , diaphoresis ,...
size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in fallon , nevada , and sweet home , oregon ( figure 1 ) , were compared as part of ongoing research on the cooccurrence of airborne tungsten and a cluster of childhood leukemia in fallon . fallon experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia beginning in 199...
to improve understanding of possible connections between airborne tungsten and public health , size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in fallon , nevada , and sweet home , oregon , were compared . both towns have industrial tungsten facilities , but only fallon has experienced a cluster of childh...
in spite of the availability of antimicrobial agents , pneumonia constitutes the sixth most common cause of death and the number one cause of death from infection . pneumonia can be particularly life - threatening in the elderly , patients with pre - existing cardiac or pulmonary conditions , in immunocompromised ind...
moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative diplococcus that causes a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections . patients with malignant , hematological disorders treated with intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy , and recipients of various forms of haematopoietic stem cell transplant receiving immunosuppress...
torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain reported in the literature.1 however , isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts has rarely been described as a cause for acute abdomen.23 we report a rare case of isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts leading to acute abdomen . a 22-yr - old female presen...
we present a case of a 22-year - old female who presented with acute abdomen and amenorrhea . emergency laprotomy was done with a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy . on laprotomy , twisted fimbrial cysts were found . thus , although fimbrial cysts are rarely twisted , they should be considered as a cause of...
the global prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing , and the incidence in south korea is rapidly increasing owing to a westernized diet . colon carcinogenesis occurs through either the adenoma - carcinoma sequence or a de novo pathway . it is known that over two - thirds of colorectal cancer cases develop fro...
the detection and removal of adenomatous polyps and postpolypectomy surveillance are considered important for the control of colorectal cancer ( crc ) . surveillance using colonoscopy is an effective tool for preventing crc after colorectal polypectomy , especially if compliance is good . in current practice , the ...
evaluation of radiation dose distribution is essential in radiation therapy . due to the existence of a high - dose gradient region with variations of dose up to 30% per centimeter in the two - dimensional dose distribution , the evaluation of dose delivery is more complicated . in order to cope with this problem , ...
in order to evaluate two - dimensional radiation dose distributions , an algorithm called the gamma function has recently been modified . the current study concentrates on modification of the gamma function as a three - dimensional dose distribution evaluation tool , and includes the recognition of over - dose / unde...
ethics is defined as the entirety of moral principles that form the basis of individuals behavior ; it can also be defined as moral theory or theoretical ethics . in a narrower sense , it is the science of correct and incorrect behaviors . ethics is the philosophy of investigating , through analytical thinkin...
background : ethics is defined as the entirety of moral principles that form the basis of individuals behavior ; it can also be defined as moral theory or theoretical ethics.objectives:to determinate information and applications related to ethical codes of pediatric nurses.patients and methods : participants were n...
the natural pyrethrin insecticides have the desirable environmental properties of being both non - toxic to mammals and non - persistent . chrysanthemic acid [ 2 , 2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl ) ] is one of the products from pyrethrin photodecomposition and is widely used as the acidic part of synthetic pyrethro...
backgroundchrysanthemic acid ( cha ) is a major product from the photodecomposition of pyrethrin which is an important class of pesticide compounds.in the following paper , hybrid density functional theory ( dft ) calculations of the potential energy surface ( pes ) for three possible channels decomposition of chrysant...
working memory ( wm ) dysfunctions can be found among the difficulties that appear in the functioning of the memory of patients with alzheimer disease ( ad ) . although there are several models of wm , the model proposed by baddeley and hitch [ 2 , 3 ] is one of the most used in the neuropsychological research of cog...
background / aimsto date , there are few studies on gender differences in patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) . in the present study , the existence of differences between sexes in verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks in the evolution of cognitive and pathological agin...
studies on ageing , particularly risk factors that may engender social isolation amongst the elderly population in zambia , are almost nonexistent currently . in fact , very little has been written on ageing in zambia in general . while it is true that some studies have been conducted [ 15 ] by cliggert none of such ...
this research paper examined social isolation and aging in zambia by examining possible predictors . the paper produces evidence on risk factors likely to engender social isolation among the elderly population of zambia . snowball sampling was undertaken to select 690 adults aged 60 and over in communities as well ...
brain tumours are intracranial neoplasms located in the brain and meninges ( excluding haematopoietic malignancies occurring in the brain ) and they account for approximately 1.4 % of all cancers [ 1 , 2 ] . the incidence of brain and central nervous system tumours worldwide in 2008 was 237,913 new reported cases an...
natural killer ( nk ) cells are lymphocytes that play an important role in anti - tumour immunity . their potential against brain cancer has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo , both as a direct anti - tumour agent and in experimental therapies stimulating endogenous nk cell cytotoxicity . however , the clinical ...
accurate and reliable measurements of clinical features of electrocardiogram ( ecg ) signal are most important for effective diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases . in practice , ecg signals are mostly corrupted with different kinds of noise and artefacts such as baseline wander ( bw ) , power - line interference ( pli ...
automatic electrocardiogram ( ecg ) signal enhancement has become a crucial pre - processing step in most ecg signal analysis applications . in this letter , the authors propose an automated noise - aware dictionary learning - based generalised ecg signal enhancement framework which can automatically learn the dictio...
the interplay between nutrition and physical activity is as frequently misunderstood as the relationship between industrialization and global climate ; most people tend to either underemphasize ( as long as i get enough exercise i can eat whatever i want ) or overemphasize ( each mouthful of food must conform to rig...
ergonomics is becoming a subject of applying fundamentals on anthropocentric dimensions for holistic welfare . the so - called conflict between basic science and applied research finds one of its edges in ergonomics . be it cutting - edge technology or frontiers of scientific innovation all start from understanding...
good photochemical properties , chemical stability , and ease of synthesis make coumarins an important class of fluorescent probes for biological studies . in addition to being versatile fluorophores , coumarin chromophores can be used as light - removable protecting groups , so - called caging groups . ca...
the site - specific incorporation of three new coumarin lysine analogues into proteins was achieved in bacterial and mammalian cells using an engineered pyrrolysyl - trna synthetase system . the genetically encoded coumarin lysines were successfully applied as fluorescent cellular probes for protein localiz...
the prevalence in patients under cesarean section ( c / s ) is 80 - 90% . hypotension causes unpleasant symptoms such as nausea , vomiting , unconsciousness , respiratory depression , and cardiac arrest in mothers . in severe and prolonged conditions , it leads to the impairment of uterine perfusion and ultimately ...
background : after spinal anesthesia , patients undergoing cesarean section are more likely to develop hemodynamic changes . the baricity of local anesthetic has an important role on spinal blockade effects . the aim of this study was to compare the isobar and hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% plus fentanyl on maternal h...
metabolic syndrome is a wellestablished risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , including coronary artery disease and heart failure.1 alterations in metabolic risk linked to cvd may develop over decades before clinical cvd.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 prior work in large , communitybased populations have defined a role for e...
backgrounddespite evidence suggesting that early metabolic dysfunction impacts cardiovascular disease risk , current guidelines focus on risk assessments later in life , missing early transitions in metabolic risk that may represent opportunities for averting the development of cardiovascular disease.methods and result...
the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in numerous aspects of cell biology such as cell adhesion , cell morphology , cytokinesis , and migration . cell migration machinery is regulated by signaling intermediates that can be activated by diverse stimuli and that can exert control over a large number of downstr...
cellular dynamics are controlled by key signaling molecules such as camp - dependent protein kinase ( pka ) and protein kinase c ( pkc ) . akap12/ssecks / gravin ( akap12 ) is a scaffold protein for pka and pkc which controls actin - cytoskeleton reorganization in a spatiotemporal manner . akap12 also acts as a tum...
disorders of voice ( dysphonia ) and speech production ( dysarthria ) can be related to developmental issues , neuro - degeneration , structural defects , and/or advanced aging . neurodegeneration related to disease and aging causes significant negative changes to vocal production and thus affects communication abili...
vocal communication is negatively affected by neurodegenerative diseases , such as parkinson disease , and by aging . the neurological and sensorimotor mechanisms underlying voice deficits in parkinson disease and aging are not well - understood . rat ultrasonic vocalizations provide a unique behavioral model...
limitations regarding the volume and geometry of the alveolar bone are common in the posterior maxilla and mandible at the time of rehabilitation with dental implants . thus , the use of short implants has been considered a therapeutic alternative in cases of unavailable bone height , since short implants adapt to th...
the aim of this study was to evaluate by photoelastic analysis stress distribution on short and long implants of two dental implant systems with 2-unit implant - supported fixed partial prostheses of 8 mm and 13 mm heights . sixteen photoelastic models were divided into 4 groups : i : long implant ( 5 11 mm ) ( n...
levobupivacaine , ropivacaine , and mepivacaine are aminoamide local anesthetics that belong to the n - alkyl - substituted pipecholyl xylidine family . addition of carbon to the basic structure of the n - alkyl - substituted pipecholyl xylidine increases lipid solubility and potency [ 2 , 3 ] . levobupivacaine , r...
aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro . the goals of this in vitro study were to investigate the potency of local anesthetic - induced vasoconstriction and to identify the physicochemical property ( octanol / buffer partition coefficient , pka , molecular weight , or potency ) of l...
in pursuit of large - scale evolutionary questions , biologists are increasingly using massive phylogenetic datasets to reconstruct evergrowing portions of the tree of life . these large phylogenetic trees are commonly inferred using a supermatrix approach , in which multiple datasets are combined and analyzed simult...
the amount of phylogenetically informative sequence data in genbank is growing at an exponential rate , and large phylogenetic trees are increasingly used in research . tools are needed to construct phylogenetic sequence matrices from genbank data and evaluate the effect of missing data . supermatrix constructor ( ...
the ingestion of foreign bodies ( fb ) is a common problem worldwide and affects all ages , however it is particularly important in the pediatric population and in mentally impaired adults , . commonly ingested fb include medication packaging , dentures , coins and fish and chicken bones , amongst others . the typi...
highlightsforeign body ingestion is a relatively common and benign condition ; some serious complications , however , can arise.approximately 1% of all ingested fb will cause perforation requiring surgical treatment.sharp fb , such as fish bones , chicken bones and needles , are more prone to migrate outside the gastro...
amyloidosis is rare disease of difficult diagnosis that occurs due accumulation of amyloid substance localized or systemic . on the localized form a single organ is affected , and the most common sites are lungs , brain , and skin . on the systemic form , many organs may be affected , leading to significant morbidity...
amyloidosis is a rare disease of difficult diagnosis that occurs due accumulation of amyloid substance localized or systemic . the oral cavity is an unusual site and can be related to both localized and systemic forms and for that reason a full investigation is necessary to determine the extent of the disease . thi...
seizure freedom is the mainstay therapeutic goal of patients with epilepsy since repetitive seizures are associated with an increased risk of intellectual disabilities , mortality , and other comorbidities . the patient is a 5-year - old girl from costa rica who came to our hospital , a high complexity hospital in bo...
medically intractable epilepsy is a clinical condition of concern that arises when a patient with epilepsy suffers seizures , despite a trial of two or more antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) suitable for the type of epilepsy that are prescribed at maximum tolerated doses , does not achieve control of seizures . this diagn...
gender bias in different types of congenital defects is well know . a significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for congenital heart disease with several lesions occurring more frequently in males or in females.12 this difference may be related to differences in hormonal constitution . it has been proposed th...
a significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for several congenital cardiac malformations . transposition of the great arteries has been associated with a such a bias but no explanation has been proposed for this bias . we evaluated 95 isolated livebirths with transposition of the great arteries cases referr...
high resolution x - ray computed tomography ( xct ) has gained considerably in importance and acceptance for the examination and 3d - characterization of materials and industrial specimens in recent years [ 110 ] . xct systems with cone beam geometry with a -focus or a nano - focus x - ray tube in combination with a ...
x - ray computed tomography ( xct ) has become a very important method for non - destructive 3d - characterization and evaluation of materials . due to measurement speed and quality , xct systems with cone beam geometry and matrix detectors have gained general acceptance . continuous improvements in the quality and...
rodents were captured at three sites near the riverside - orange county line : the bear canyon trailhead ( riverside county : 3336.7n , 11725.5w ) , el cariso # 1 ( orange county : 3339.8n , 11725.1w ) , and el cariso # 2 ( orange county : 3339.8n , 11725.7w ) . the rodent fauna in the study area included the dus...
thirty - four rodents captured in southern california were studied to increase our knowledge of the arenaviruses indigenous to the western united states . an infectious arenavirus was isolated from 5 of 27 california mice but none of the 7 other rodents . analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data in...
we thank nih national institute of neurological disorders and stroke ( ninds ) r01ns085214 and fred hutchinson cancer research center ( fhcrc ) new development grant for financial support .
abstractcross - modal plasticity is a striking adaptive feature of the brain , whereby the loss of one sensory modality induces cortical reorganization that leads to enhanced sensory performance in remaining modalities . much is known about the macroscopic modifications in the brain that underly cross - modal plastic...
development of novel biomaterials for drug delivery which forms a part of the so - called novel drug delivery systems has always been exhilarating . using nanotechnology , it is possible to tailor materials at the atomic and molecular scales to meet the desired outcomes . the necessity of elucidating the mechanical b...
introduction : development of novel biomaterials for drug delivery which forms a part of the so called novel drug delivery systems has always been exhilarating . mechanical evaluation of polymer based topical gels , which would be subjected to load or stress during its application , is inevitable.methods:rheological ch...
if animal models are new , and reflect the disease state better , then they may allow different compounds to be selected if final compound selection is performed in the disease model . thus very different , compounds will be chosen for drug development . the disease state may change the kinetics of receptor interacti...
although many new potential drug targets have been discovered subsequent to the cloning of the human genome and the discovery of most of the relevant receptors , the role of these receptors in psychiatric disease is still not clear . we argue that research into the disease process leading to new animal models that ca...
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy ( eswl ) has been considered as a first - line treatment for ureteral stones for the past 20 years . the success rate of eswl in the treatment of ureteral stones is about 80 to 90% . some patients whose stones may not be fragmented by repeated eswl will require other surgical in...
purposeextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( eswl ) has shown successful outcomes for ureteral stones . we investigated predictive factors for failure of eswl for treating ureteral stones.materials and methodsa total of 153 patients who underwent eswl between july 2006 and july 2009 for ureteral stones diagnosed by...
soil - transmitted helminths ( sth ) or geohelminths infect more than 2 billion people worldwide , especially in developing countries located in tropical and subtropical regions . the most prevalent species are ascaris lumbricoides ( roundworm ) , trichuris trichiura ( whipworm ) , and hookworms ( necator americanus ...
soil - transmitted helminth infections typically induce a type-2 immune response ( th2 ) , but no immunoepidemiological studies have been undertaken in honduras , an endemic country where the main control strategy is children 's annual deworming . we aimed to characterize the immune profile of honduran schoolchildren...
several randomized trials have demonstrated that breast - conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy , which is called breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) , is as effective as mastectomy and should be a standard treatment for early - stage breast cancer . recently , there has been an increase in reports of angi...
several randomized trials have shown that breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) is as effective as mastectomy and should be a standard treatment for early - stage breast cancer . recently , there has been an increase in reports of angiosarcoma ( as ) after bct . herein , we report a case of as which developed after b...
hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) is the gold standard for the measurement of long - range glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus . many studies have reported diabetes mellitus to be a risk factor in patients with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) for the development of fibros...
introduction . aim of this study is to determine if hba1c levels are a reliable predictor of glycemic control in patients with decompensated cirrhosis . methods . 200 unique patients referred for liver transplantation at university of tennessee / methodist university transplant institute with a hba1c result were includ...
complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment for pdac . however , survival rates after curative resection are still less than 20% [ 2 , 3 ] . local recurrence in the remnant pancreas , multiple liver metastases , and peritoneal dissemination frequently occur even after curative resection . the chance ...
repeated pancreatectomy for pancreatic carcinoma is extremely rare . we report two such patients who underwent pancreatectomy for carcinoma developing in the pancreatic remnant after pylorus - preserving pancreatoduodenectomy ( pppd ) for invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma . one patient underwent pppd for invasiv...
it is clear that while oxygen is essential for life in order to produce chemical energy in the form of atp , paradoxically , the byproduct of its metabolism generates multiple reactive oxygen species ( ros ) that are associated with cellular toxicity . specifically , in regards to neurodegeneration , there is substan...
evidence of increased oxidative stress has been found in various neurodegenerative diseases and conditions . while it is unclear whether oxidative stress is a cause or effect , protein , lipid , and dna have all been found to be susceptible to oxidant - induced modifications that alter their function . results of c...
germline mutations in brca1 gene are transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with high penetrance , which predisposes individuals to breast and ovarian cancer . the carrier frequency in general populations ranges between 1/40 and 1/800 and depends on founder effect specific for distinct populations . in poland , ...
the purpose of our study was to establish the frequency and distribution of the four most common brca1 mutations in polish general population and in a series of breast cancer patients . analysis of the population frequency of 5382insc ( c.5266dupc ) , 300 t > g ( p.181 t > g ) , 185delag ( c.68_69delag ) and 3819del5...
approximately 43,000 new cases of head and neck cancer ( hnc ) are diagnosed each year in the united states . despite changes in treatment regimens ( i.e. , organ preservation protocols and the addition of chemotherapy to primary radiation treatment ) , setting , there has been an increasing interest in trying to und...
objective . to compare quality of life in head and neck cancer ( hnc ) patients following treatment . methods . the short form-36 version 2 ( sf-36v2 ) was utilized to measure patient quality of life . results . for all 8 parameters measured by the sf-36v2 , hnc patients had lower mean scores than the us populati...
this study was approved by the university of wisconsin - madison health sciences institutional review board . the methods used in this study were adapted from methods described previously ( 6 ) . in brief , patients included were 20 years of age on 1 january 2005 and had at least one family practice or internal medic...
objectiveethnicity has been identified as a risk factor not only for having type 2 diabetes but for increased morbidity and mortality with the disease . current american diabetes association ( ada ) guidelines advocate screening high - risk minorities for diabetes . this study investigates the effect of minority st...
a potential target of nsaids is thought to be the microglia associated with the senile plaques . this is supported by a study by mackenzie and munoz ( 1998 ) showing in non - demented patients that those treated with nsaids had three times less activated microglia as non - treated controls . these data have been co...
there is significant epidemiological evidence to suggest that there are beneficial effects of treatment with non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) in alzheimer 's disease , although these effects have not been reproduced in clinical trials . the failure of the clinical trials may be attributed to sever...
acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) is a rare disease afflicting annually 34 persons per 100,000 individuals . with a median age at diagnosis of 67 years , this disease is far more common in the elderly . in this age group , aml has a particularly dismal outcome with less than 5% of the patients being alive 5 years after ...
aml is an aggressive hematological malignancy with highest incidence in the older adults . the adverse features of aml in the elderly , and the frailties and comorbidities frequently present in them , make their management a particularly difficult therapeutic challenge . in this context , it is important to assess ...
elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and high operative risk can be treated by transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( tavr ) with equivalent outcome to surgical aortic valve replacement ( savr ) . aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in elderly patients , and tavr is increasingly bei...
aimsrecently , transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( tavr ) has evolved as the standard treatment in patients with inoperable aortic valve stenosis . according to tavr guidelines , body computed tomography ( ct ) is recommended for pre - procedural planning . due to the advanced age of these patients , multiple ra...
on january 2 , 2011 , an 8-month - old girl with acute respiratory distress was seen in the emergency department of the children s hospital of the university of cologne . the girl s parents had noticed labored breathing , intercostal retractions , and fever for 1 day . no one else who had contact with the girl was ...
human bocavirus ( hbov ) , discovered in 2005 , can cause respiratory disease or no symptoms at all . we confirmed hbov infection in an 8-month - old girl with hypoxia , respiratory distress , wheezing , cough , and fever . this case demonstrates that lower respiratory tract infection caused by hbov can lead to sev...
yoga is an ancient indian science as well as the way of life , which includes practice of specific posture ( asana ) , regulated breathing ( pranayama ) etc . breath is the dynamic bridge between body and mind and pranayama ( breathing techniques ) is one of the most important yogic practices , which can produce diff...
background / aim : yoga is an ancient indian science as well as the way of life . pranayama is a part of yoga , which improves pulmonary function in combination of many pranayama , but the aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of only bhramari pranayama and om chanting on pulmonary function in healthy individual...
high concentrations of factor viii and von willebrand factor ( vwf ) contribute to a hypercoagulable state in hyperthyroidism . lower vwf concentrations in hypothyroidism may protect against venous thrombosis .. studies have suggested hypercoagulable state in hypothyroidism . 45-year - old female presented in emerg...
cerebral venous thrombosis ( cvt ) is a multifactorial condition which is described as idiopathic in 12.5% of patients . hyperthyroidism has been associated with cvt in many case reports , and increased levels of factor viii and von willebrand factor ( vwf ) have been proposed as the possible link in this association...
one major goal of proteomic profiling is an accurate quantitation of proteins in samples with high complexity and high dynamic range of protein concentrations , such as body fluids ( serum , plasma , csf , etc ) . because high confidence peptide / protein identification and at the same time high confidence quan...
methods for isobaric tagging of peptides , itraq or tmt , are commonly used platforms in mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics . these two methods are very often used to quantitate proteins in complex samples , e.g. , serum / plasma or csf supporting biomarker discovery studies . the success of th...
berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid and often isolated from goldenthread , coptidis rhizoma , and goldenseal , hydrastis canadensis ( mirska et al . , 1972 ) . previous reports have shown that berberine has several pharmacological and biological properties including antibiotic ( mirska et al . , 1972 ) , anti - inf...
berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from goldenthread , coptidis rhizoma and shown to have many biological and pharmacological effects . we previously reported that berberine promotes cell survival and differentiation of neural stem cells . to examine whether berberine has survival promoting effect on dama...
adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare and a highly malignant neoplasm it grows rapidly and tends to metastasize to the liver and lungs and to invade the kidney , renal veins and the inferior vena cava dissemination of the tumor occurs in 82% of the patients with a median survival of 14.5 months cardiac involvement o...
backgroundadrenocortical carcinoma is a rare , highly malignant tumor . cardiac involvement of the tumor is very rare . echocardiography facilitates the evaluation of the cardiac involvement of the tumor.case presentationwe describe a patient with an adrenal tumor . transthoracic echo showed its extension into th...
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia . although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza . we report a case of siadh in a patient with influ...
context : syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia . although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza.case report : we report a case of siadh in ...
the basic mechanism of action in the freezing of tissue is the formation of ice crystals which results in the disruption of cell membrane and its organelles . cells exposed to freezing temperatures of about 5 to 15 c at the periphery of the ice crystal / ice ball primarily undergo apoptotic cell death , whereas cold...
application of freezing temperatures to the temporal branch of the facial nerve can temporarily inhibit motor nerve conduction , resulting in inhibition of voluntary contraction of the frontalis and glabella muscle groups . this feasibility study demonstrates the reduction in motility of muscle groups through applica...
imatinib , the first oral bcr - abl and c - kit tyrosine kinases inhibitor approved for cancer , is involved in several drug drug interactions ( ddis ) . according to the summary of product characteristics ( smpc ) of glivec ( novartis europharm limited , camberley , uk ) , cytochrome p-450 ( cyp450 ) the smpc indic...
abstractmany patients treated with imatinib , used in cancer treatment , are using several other drugs that could interact with imatinib . our aim was to study all the drug drug interactions ( ddis ) observed in patients treated with imatinib.we performed 2 observational studies , between the 1st january 2012 and th...
this study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of korea , prior to experiments , and all the in vivo experiment procedures were performed according to regulation of association for research in vision and ophthalmology for the ophthalmic field and studies on visual function . twelve new zea...
purposeto determine the efficacy of topical application and subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab in the treatment of corneal neovascularization.methodscorneal neovascularization was induced with a silk suture of the corneal stroma in 12 rabbits ( 24 eyes ) . one week after suturing , four rabbits were treated wit...
fasciola hepatica ( f. hepatica ) is a foodborne trematode , which is occasionally observed in general practice . f. hepatica was described as the first foodborne trematode that can occur worldwide in the areas where sheep and cattle are raised . humans are its accidental hosts . after ingestion of contaminated wat...
fasciola hepatica ( f. hepatica ) as a foodborne trematode can occasionally cause hepatobiliary diseases . we report a 67-year - old woman who was referred to our center because of the diagnosis of cholangitis . she was a resident of mountainous area with the history of unsafe water and contaminated vegetables . ...
raynaud s syndrome , first described in 1862 , affects between 3% and 10% of the population without preference for a certain sex or ethnicity.1,2 it is characterized by alterations in peripheral adrenoceptor activity resulting in vasoconstriction and ischemia of the extremities in response to low temperature or emotion...
raynaud s syndrome has been treated medically and invasively , sometimes with regional anesthesia leading up to sympathectomy . we demonstrate that regional anesthesia was in this case a useful technique that can allow some patients to find temporary but significant relief from symptoms of raynaud s syndrome exacerba...
neuromuscular blocking agents ( nmbas ) are routinely used worldwide as part of a modern concept of balanced anesthesia . rocuronium , an aminosteroid nmba , and cisatracurium , a nmba of the benzylisoquinoline family , are two common intermediate - duration nmbas whose pharmacokinetic properties make them suitable f...
objectivethe aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of introducing a rocuronium neostigmine sugammadex strategy into a cisatracurium neostigmine regimen for neuromuscular block ( nmb ) management.methodswe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and cost - effectiveness in f...
there is strong epidemiological support for a role of high salt intake in hypertension [ 15 ] and controlled interventions modulating salt intake have shown that high salt intake elevates blood pressure [ 6 , 7 ] . the degree of blood pressure reduction following a lowering of salt intake ( and the degree of blood pr...
this study investigated if copeptin is affected by high salt intake and whether any salt - induced changes in copeptin are related to the degree of salt sensitivity . the study was performed on 20 men and 19 women . in addition to meals containing 50 mmol nacl daily , capsules containing 100 mmol nacl and corresp...
the mycobacterium strains were grown in middlebrook 7h9 medium ( himedia , india ) supplemented with 10% oadc ( himedia , india ) . log phase cultures were centrifuged , washed with sterile saline , and adjusted to mcfarland standard corresponding to 1 10 colony forming unit / ml ( cfu ) . the size of inoculums wa...
objectives : the present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo antimycobacterial activity of methanol extract of alstonia scholaris and mucuna imbricata in murine model.materials and methods : female balb / c mice were infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv suspension . extracts were administer...
most commonly they arise from cells lining of the central canal within the spinal cord and present as intramedullary tumor . a 59-year - old woman complained of pain in neck over the past 6 years . about 10 months before , she came to us ; she noted pain in her back which was radiating down the lower limbs to the l...
spinal ependymoma commonly presents as an intramedullary tumor . we present a rare case of multicentric intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma . a 59 years old female presented to us with spastic quadriparesis for 10 months . magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed discretely located enhancing t...
strongyloides stercoralis is a human intestinal nematode that is considered a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas . it is endemic in southeast asia , africa , west indies , south america , bangladesh , and pakistan . the ability to replicate in the human host permits autoinfection of s. sterc...
s. stercoralis infection is very common in south east asian countries including india . chronic infection is very common with symptoms of diarrhea , abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting , anemia , and cough . hyperinfection and dissemination usually occur in immunocompromised patients with symptoms mimicking asthma ,...
the characteristic features are pronounced intracellular and intramicrocystic periodic acid schiff ( pas ) positive secretions . as this carcinoma usually occurs in children and young adults , it was originally referred to as a type of juvenile carcinoma . slow growth and delayed recurrence are characteristic of ma...
secretory carcinoma is a rare form of breast carcinoma which has a predilection for juveniles and young adults ( usually less than 30 years of age ) , becoming progressively less common with advancing age . it is a low grade breast carcinoma which shows distinct features at histology . diagnosis of this carcinoma o...
serum opacity factor ( sof ) was first discovered in 1938 by the australians ward and rudd as a substance produced by group a streptococci that caused serum to become cloudy ( figure 1 ) , hence its name . sof was found to act on a lipoprotein fraction of serum [ 2 , 3 ] and various enzymatic activities were pr...
serum opacity factor ( sof ) is a virulence determinant expressed by a variety of streptococcal and staphylococcal species including both human and animal pathogens . sof derives its name from its ability to opacify serum where it targets and disrupts the structure of high - density lipoproteins resulting in formatio...
recordings of electrical and mechanical activity in vitro from gastrointestinal smooth muscle segments show rhythmic mechanical activity that is triggered by corresponding rhythmic changes in membrane potential.13 the underlying membrane potential changes are usually composed of two events , starting with a slow rhythm...
for decades , it was believed that the diameter of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells is sufficiently narrow , and that the diffusion of calcium across the plasma membrane is sufficient , to support contractile activity . thus , depolarization - triggered release of intracellular calcium was not believed to be oper...
on november 9 , 2005 , a 17-year - old man who arrived at the airport in newark , new jersey , united states , had symptoms consistent with measles . the man was part of a group of 148 refugees from the eastleigh community in nairobi , kenya , who arrived in the united states from november 3 through 15 . genotype b...
surveillance of measles virus detected an epidemiologic link between a refugee from kenya and a dutch tourist in new jersey , usa . identical genotype b3 sequences from patients with contemporaneous cases in the united states , canada , and mexico in november and december 2005 indicate that kenya was likely to have b...
osler first used the term mycotic aneurysm in 1885 to describe a mushroom - shaped aneurysm in a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis . , mycotic aneurysm is still used for all extracardiac or intracardiac aneurysms caused by infections , except for syphilitic aortitis . the term infected aneurysm , propo...
infective mycotic aneurysm of the aorta is a rare and life - threatening disease . a patient presenting with constitutional symptoms and pulsatile abdominal mass should raise a suspicion of mycotic aneurysm . early detection of aortic mycotic lesions in such patients should play a key role in the treatment of aorti...
the combined incidence is reported to be 0.03 per 100,000 persons in the united states . the myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma of bony origin is an uncommon entity and its location in the skull is rarer still with incidence as low as 0.16% , including those arising from its coverings , supporting tissues , and cranial...
the myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma is usually seen in soft tissues where it is known as chordoid sarcoma or parachordoma . rarely , it involves bone and when it does , cranial bones are the preferred location . this tumor is frequently amalgamated with the chondroid variant of chordoma , especially when the lesio...
in recent decades , the essential oils and various extracts of plants have been of great interest as they have been the sources of natural products . the most commonly used antioxidant at the present time are butylated hydroxyanisole ( bha ) , butylated hydroxytoluene ( bht ) , propylgallate ( pg ) , and tert - butyl...
a total of 9 plant extracts were tested , using two different kinds of extracting methods to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from pilea microphylla ( urticaceae family ) and including toxicity test . antioxidant activity were tested by using dpph free radical scavenging , also total phenolic con...
globally , organophosphorus ( op ) pesticide poisoning is a serious occupational hazard accounting for more than 80% of pesticide - related hospitalisation . india being an agriculture - based country , op pesticide remains the main agent for crop protection and pest control . it is therefore likely to have adverse...
background and aims : organophosphorus ( op ) compound poisoning is one of the most common poisonings in india . the aim of the study was to study the outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with acute op poisoning requiring mechanical ventilation.methods:a retrospective study was conducted in the intensive ...
it is generally accepted that the chromatin organization of eukaryotic dna is strongly governed by a code inherent to the dna sequence . modulating the accessibility of individual dna sequences involves many complex interactions , the most prevalent of which are the interactions between histone octamers and dna in co...
recently , trifonov 's group proposed a 10-mer dna motif yyyyyrrrrr as a solution of the long - standing problem of sequence - based nucleosome positioning . to test whether this generic decamer represents a biological meaningful signal , we compare the distribution of this motif in primates and archaea , which are k...
the goal of the worldwide structural genomics initiative is to determine the 3d structures of proteins on a genomic scale . since 2001 , these efforts have resulted in more than 6772 structure depositions to the pdb ( 1 ) , 3251 of which are from the national institutes of health - sponsored protein structure initiat...
the protein structure initiative structural genomics knowledgebase ( psi sgkb , http://kb.psi-structuralgenomics.org ) has been created to turn the products of the psi structural genomics effort into knowledge that can be used by the biological research community to understand living systems and disease . this resour...
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) play a vital role in lps - triggered macrophage activation by regulating intracellular reduction - oxidation ( redox ) sensitive signaling pathways and nuclear transcription factors , such as nuclear factor-b ( nf-b ) and nuclear factor - erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) [ 13 ] ...
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and oxidative stress are thought to play a central role in potentiating macrophage activation , causing excessive inflammation , tissue damage , and sepsis . recently , we have shown that punicalagin ( pun ) exhibits anti - inflammatory activity in lps - stimulated macrophages . howe...
in 1935 , barach first advocated helium - oxygen gas mixtures ( heliox ) as a therapy for obstructive lesions of the airway . since then , heliox has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of various disease entities involving narrowed airways . its safety has been demonstrated in bot...
background : a helium - oxygen gas mixture ( heliox ) has low gas density and low turbulence and resistance through narrowed airways . the effects of heliox on pulmonary mechanics following severe methacholine - induced bronchospasm were investigated and compared to those of a nitrogen - oxygen gas mi...
the use of electrocautery during polypectomy is widely considered to be the standard of care in resecting polyps 10 mm . in practice , hot polypectomy can aid in both transecting tissue and preventing immediate bleeding through coagulation of small arterial and venous branches 1 . electrocautery also allows fo...
background : endoscopic removal of duodenal and colorectal adenomas is currently considered to be the standard of care for prevention of adenocarcinoma . the use of cautery carries a risk of delayed bleeding , post - polypectomy syndrome , and perforation . we examined the safety and feasibility of removing colonic...
the pleiotropic effects of statins have been shown to modify inflammatory cell signaling during the immune response to infection . it has been postulated that statins can halt endothelial apoptosis , decrease isoprenylated proteins necessary for leukocyte cellular signaling , modulate endothelial cell adhesion molecu...
background : statins modify inflammatory cell signaling during the immune response to infection . this has been considered as a pleotropic effect . effects of statins in inflammatory conditions such as bacteremia have been found to be controversial.aims:we examined the effect of statins on the mortality of bacterem...
the etiology of folliculitis is complex and in a given case several factors may contribute including infection , physical irritation , occlusion , other skin diseases and drugs . among drugs , however , the role of the native glucocorticoid , cortisol , as a regulator / dampener of potential inflammatory reactions in...
a report on a 40-year - old patient with recalcitrant , suppurative folliculitis is presented . after years of unsuccessful treatment with conventional therapies , the patient was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency with a low level of circulating cortisol . a few weeks after the patient was subjected to substitut...
this genetic information is essential for the correct functioning of the organism and the long - term survival of the species [ 1 , 2 ] . failure to conserve the genetic code can lead to instability of the genome , a prominent feature of cancer and degenerative diseases . during the lifespan of an organism , the en...
foxo3a and foxm1 are two forkhead transcription factors with antagonistic roles in cancer and dna damage response . foxo3a functions like a typical tumour suppressor , whereas foxm1 is a potent oncogene aberrantly overexpressed in genotoxic resistant cancers . foxo3a not only represses foxm1 expression but also its...
methotrexate ( mtx ) and leflunomide ( lef ) are both effective first - line disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs ( dmards ) used for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) . the potentially complementary mechanisms of action of these two effective dmards provide a rationale for their use in combinati...
a 60-year - old male patient developed hyperpyrexia , cough , expectoration with blood - stained sputum , mouth ulcers , and suppurative tonsillitis after receiving 35 days of combination treatment with leflunomide ( lef ) and low - dose methotrexate ( mtx ) for active rheumatoid arthritis . on admission , routine bloo...
intralobar pulmonary sequestration ( ilps ) with an anomalous systemic arterial blood supply represents a mass of nonfunctioning parenchyma surrounded by visceral pleura ( 1 , 2 ) . unlike extralobar sequestration , radiographically demonstrated calcification in the ilps has been reported in some case series , but pr...
the radiologic features of intralobar pulmonary sequestration ( ilps ) have been describe and include the identification of a feeding systemic artery with venous drainage through pulmonary veins . primary sequestration associated with typical hamartoma signs is really rare and has been described only once . we desc...
initially , growth of the fungus on semisolid media led to the robust production of 1 at approximately 50 mg l. the compound was purified on the basis of promising activity against m. tuberculosis . the methanol extract from nrrl 50135 was purified using a preparative c18 column to isolate 1 . the c nmr spect...
three new decalin - type tetramic acid analogues , pyrrolocins a ( 1 ) , b ( 2 ) , and c ( 3 ) , were defined as products of a metabolic pathway from a fern endophyte , nrrl 50135 , from papua new guinea . nrrl 50135 initially produced 1 but ceased its production before chemical or biological evaluation cou...
the use of patient data in the present report was approved by the institutional review board of seoul national university hospital ( registration number : 1603 - 149 - 751 ) . the need for informed consent a total of 20 patients ( age , 2080 years ) , who were scheduled for thyroidectomy under local anesthesia with m...
because the current trend favors minimally invasive surgery for thyroid disease , increasing interest has developed for thyroidectomy under local anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care ( mac ) . here , we retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of thyroidectomy performed under local anesthesia with mac in a single cente...
australia is home to a vast array of endemic marsupial species ( superorder australidelphia ) . of an estimated 162 marsupial species present at the time of european settlement in 1788 , twelve species have since become extinct , and many others have suffered major contraction of distribution and substantial to severe ...
it has often been asserted that australian marsupial species are particularly susceptible to toxoplasma gondii infection and to clinical toxoplasmosis following infection . this implicates t. gondii as a potential threat to marsupial population viability , and contrasts to what is known of t. gondii in populations ...
the interrelation between psychiatric and thyroid disorders has been extensively studied in the past decades [ 1 , 2 ] and is currently in the focus of modern brain imaging techniques . in hypothyroid patients , thyroid hormone treatment reduced depressive symptoms and somatic complaints and restored the metabolic ac...
disrupted sleep is prevalent in both mood and thyroid disorders . given the emerging use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of mood disorders , we investigated the effects of supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine ( l - t4 ) on sleep . in an open - label design , 13 healthy subjects received up to 500 g / day for...
congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract ( cakut ) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys , ureters and bladder . in this group are included common problems such as vesicoureteral reflux to severe life - threatening malformations as bilateral renal agenesis [ 1 - 4 ] . in young ch...
congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract ( cakut ) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys , ureters and bladder , with frequent asynchronous presentations and multiple cakut associations in the same individual . urinary tract formation is a complex process , dependent of the inter...
previous studies of test - retest reliability of muscle strength measurement using a handheld dynamometer ( hhd ) have shown low reliability in measuring the lower limbs and high reliability in measuring the upper limbs1 , 2 . wikholm et al.1 conducted an investigation with 3 examiners and healthy subjects and ...
[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to develop a method of measuring isometric shoulder joint muscle strength using a handheld dynamometer with a belt and investigate its test - retest reliability . [ subjects ] the subjects comprised 40 healthy adults . [ methods ] six types of isometric shoulder muscle stre...
a characteristic feature of pain is a sensation which enables the location and response to perceived pain stimulus . it is assumed that chronic pain is pain lasting longer than 3 months and affects 30% of patients diagnosed with cancer and about 7080% of patients with advanced cancer [ 14 ] . in the epic ( european p...
pain afflicts patients suffering from many chronic diseases and is present in 80% of cases of patients with advanced cancer who suffer from persistent pain . the aim of the pain treatment is to achieve the maximum analgesic effect while minimizing side effects . the main analgesic agent morphine is unfortunately a...
primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis ( pdlg ) is a rare condition where tumors grow in the subarachnoid space without an obvious connection to the brain or spinal cord parenchyma . the majority of these neoplasms are astrocytic , often high grade , and the diagnosis is usually made postmortem [ 1 , 2 ] . diss...
primary leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomas ( plos ) are rare intracranial malignancies where tumors grow in the subarachnoid space without an obvious connection to the brain or spinal cord parenchyma . adding to the three previously reported cases of plo with no parenchymal involvement we report a fourth case of the sam...