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lupus nephritis ( ln ) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosis ( sle ) . in recent years , the morbidity and mortality of ln
have improved considerably owing to more appropriate use of traditional drugs , such as corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide , and the incorporation of new ones ... | purposeadherence is a challenging issue in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus .
nonadherence has been widely addressed in patients with lupus and must be detected quickly to prevent severe complications .
the cases we present illustrate the importance of adherence in young adults.case 1a 23-year - old sp... |
they have been traditionally thought to function as the immunocompetent cells of the brain and spinal cord and to be the sensors of injury and infection in the tissue [ 2 , 3 ] .
they derive from primitive c - kit(+ ) erythromyeloid precursors from the yolk sac [ 46 ] , migrate into the brain during the period of e... | synaptic plasticity is critical for elaboration and adaptation in the developing and developed brain . it is well established that astrocytes play an important role in the maintenance of what has been dubbed the tripartite synapse .
increasing evidence shows that a fourth cell type , microglia , is critical to this... |
limitations originate from many different factors : too high or too low temperatures / water supply / light intensity , non - optimal mineral composition or soil contamination , mechanic inhibition , pathogen infestation , lack of symbiotic partners , interactions with other plants , parasites or herbivores .
these c... | highlights epigenetic control is involved in stress signaling and stress responses .
stress can modify epigenetic regulation at many different levels .
epigenetic and genetic components of stress responses are connected .
epigenetic diversity might be an important factor in stress adaptation and evolution . |
despite all available treatment options , the annual mortality rate of malignant melanoma is rapidly increasing in the united states [ 1 , 2 ] .
although new immune based approaches such as anticytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 ( anti - ctla-4 ) and antiprogrammed death 1 ( anti - pd-1 ) have shown considerable promis... | chemotherapy is used to treat numerous cancers including melanoma .
however , its effectiveness in clinical settings is often hampered by various mechanisms .
previous studies have demonstrated that prooxidative stressor - mediated generation of oxidized lipids with platelet - activating factor - receptor ( paf - r... |
glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is a neoplasm with variable features not only histologically but also biologically .
gbm is characterized by diverse imaging features , including highly heterogeneous enhancement , reflecting variable disruption of the blood brain barrier ( bbb ) and inherent differences in the vascula... | glioblastoma multiforme , a neoplasm with variable histological and biological features , is characterized by diverse imaging features , including highly heterogeneous enhancement .
this reflects variable disruption of the blood brain barrier and inherent differences in the vascularity of the tumor .
experience in ... |
the first step in gene expression , transcription , is mediated and regulated by transcription factors ( tfs ) , that bind dna in a sequence specific manner on transcription factor binding sites ( tfbss ) , usually located near the transcription start site ( tss ) of genes ( i.e. in the promoter region ) , but also in ... | the first step in gene expression , transcription , is modulated by the interaction of transcription factors with their corresponding binding sites on the dna sequence .
pscan is a software tool that scans a set of sequences ( e.g. promoters ) from co - regulated or co - expressed genes with motifs describing the bin... |
despite the recent advances in research on religion and health in general ( for reviews , see [ 1 , 2 ] ) , only a few studies have explored the relationship between individual religious involvement and cognitive functioning among older adults [ 36 ] .
this study intends to fill this gap in the literature by examinin... | this study examines if religious participation in china is associated with cognitive functioning among the oldest - old and whether positive psychological feelings and leisure activity engagement explain the association , and gender moderates the association .
logistic regressions were used to analyze the chinese hea... |
left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition because in most instances ventricular free - wall rupture leads to fatal pericardial tamponade .
rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle is a catastrophic complication of myocardial infarction , occurring in approximately 4% of patients with infarcts , result... | introduction : left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition because in most instances ventricular free - wall rupture leads to fatal pericardial tamponade .
rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle is a catastrophic complication of myocardial infarction , occurring in approximately 4% of patients with in... |
there are no mucosal adjuvant formulations licensed for human use , despite protection against many mucosally - transmitted infections probably requiring immunity at the site of pathogen entry1 . polyethyleneimines ( pei )
are organic polycations used as nucleic acid transfection reagents in vitro , and gene and dna ... | |
all medical college departments of ophthalmology in a
representative state of the country were evaluated by two
external assessors . the state was chosen for convenience ;
logistical ease ; and the fact that it was one of the beneficiaries
of the world bank program , as well as of a second round of
funding by... | aim : to evaluate teaching and practice in medical college ophthalmology departments in a representative
indian state and changes following provision of modern instrumentation and training.study type : prospective qualitative study.materials and methods : teaching and practice in all medical colleges in the state ass... |
dj-1 ( ~20 kda ) , also called park7 and cap-1 , is a small conserved protein associated with
autosomal - recessive early onset parkinson s disease1,2,3 .
the human dj-1 protein contains 189 amino acid residues1,2,3 and acts as a redox sensor , which the thiol
group of cysteines of dj-1 can be oxidized to soh , s... | [ purpose ] strength - duration ( sd ) curves are used in electrical diagnosis by
physiotherapists to confirm muscle degeneration .
however , the usefulness of sd curves in
comparing muscle degeneration in dj-1 homozygous knockout ( dj-1/ ) and
wild - type mice ( dj-1+/+ ) is not yet fully understood .
the el... |
the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule ( slam ) family is a group of six immunoglobulin - like receptors named slam ( or cd150 ) , 2b4 ( or cd244 ) , ly-9 ( or cd229 ) , nk - t - b antigen ( ntb - a ) ( or ly-108 ) , cd84 and cd2-like receptor activating cytotoxic t cells ( cracc ) ( 1 , 2 ) .
these receptors a... | two papers describing mice deficient in signaling lymphocyte activation molecule and 2b4 represent the first accounts of immune phenotypes in animals lacking members of the slam family of receptors .
the findings provide definitive evidence of the importance of slam - related receptors in the regulation of t cell , m... |
migration by single male workers is one of the important factors , which is responsible for high vulnerability to hiv infection .
the migrant population acts as a bridge population between high - risk group such as female sex workers ( fsw ) and men who have sex with men ( msm ) to the low risk population such as w... | background : migration has been linked to the spread of hiv epidemic from the urban areas of western india to the rural areas of north india.objectives:this is the first population - based study among the wives of migrant workers of muzaffarpur district in bihar with objectives to describe their sexual behavior within ... |
the raw data for magnetic resonance imaging ( mri )
is measured in
k - space , the
domain of spatial frequencies , where non - cartesian sampling schemes like spiral
or radial scans have received much attention .
in contrast to the use of the
computationally efficient fast fourier transform ( fft ) for the ... | in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , methods that use a non - cartesian grid in
k - space are becoming increasingly important .
in this paper , we use a recently proposed implicit discretisation scheme which
generalises the standard approach based on gridding .
while the latter succeeds for sufficiently unif... |
free - living amoebae ( fla ) include genera with pathogenic potential , such as acanthamoeba , balamuthia , naegleria , and sappinia .
these ubiquitous fla are widespread in the environment , including different types of water sources.13 contamination of water sources , such as pools , sea , and recreational waters ... | amoebic keratitis , a sight - threatening corneal infection , mainly occurs in contact lens wearers who wash their eyes with tap water .
the present research was conducted to identify the occurrence of potentially pathogenic free - living amoebae ( fla ) in tap water sources on kish island , a tourist region in iran ... |
in addition to terminology for rodents , a new directive for separate committees to develop species - specific terminology has been established under gesc dog , monkey , rabbit and minipig .
committees are reviewing the rodent nomenclature as the starting point and then providing a manuscript on terminology that is ... | the inhand proposal ( international harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for lesions in rats and mice ) has been operational since 2005 . a global editorial steering committee ( gesc )
manages the overall objectives of the project and the development of harmonized terminology for each organ system is... |
attractive smile is a prime asset to a person 's powerful personality and it can be an important factor in the desirable life experiences of a human being .
dental esthetics , along with enhancing personality , helps in the general improvement of dental health which is founded on a more ethically sound basis .
esth... | this case report describes a rare treatment modality for turner 's hypoplasia done with a very conservative approach for the esthetic and functional problem of the defect .
diagnosis was made as turner 's hypoplasia of upper two central incisors with proximal caries .
treatment planning was done after considering m... |
halitosis , or bad breath , is a condition in which the halitus is altered in a manner unpleasant for both the affected individual and those with whom he / she interacts .
this phenomenon may be caused by a number of factors and may or may not be a pathological condition.1,2 this condition is also known as fetid hali... | objective : to determine whether there is a correlation between halitosis and mouth breathing in children.study design : fifty - five children between 3 and 14 years of age were divided into two groups ( nasal and mouth breathing ) for the assessment of halitosis .
a descriptive analysis was conducted on the degree o... |
attachment theory was first introduced by bowlby as a primary need ( 1 - 4 ) . according to this theory
, babies express a combination of innate attachment behaviors like crying , laughing , sucking and grasping and the general reason for such behaviors is maintaining physical nearness with the main attachment side a... | backgroundthe early relationships between infant and care takers are significant and the emotional interactions of these relationships play an important role in forming personality and adulthood relationships.objectivesthe current study aimed to investigate the relationship of attachment styles ( as ) and emotional int... |
for example , the american society for microbiology has 27 divisions , each representing a discrete field , such as clinical microbiology , microbial ecology , and medical mycology .
victor dirita has recently written a thought - provoking essay that questions whether microbiological fields have become obsolete ( 2 )... | abstractfields are the fundamental sociological units of science . despite their importance
, relatively little has been written about their emergence , composition , structure , and function in the scientific enterprise .
this essay considers the nature of fields and their important role in maintaining information... |
critical limb ischemia ( cli ) mainly affects elderly patients with important comorbidities and significant diffuse multilevel vascular lesions [ 1 , 2 ] .
these patients are frequently diabetics with neuroischemic limb ulcers , gangrene , and foot sepsis .
this specific group is prone to develop an aggressive form... | our aim was to describe our experience with infrapopliteal endovascular procedures performed in diabetic patients with ischemic ulcers and critical ischemia ( cli ) .
a retrospective study of 101 procedures was performed .
our cohort was divided into groups according to the number of tibial vessels attempted and th... |
the 114 participants enrolled were selected from a cohort of 1,051 individuals , as representative of good and poor cognitive performers based on neurocognitive / psychological performance patterns .
the participants from the initial cohort are senior community - dwelling individuals living in the minho region of por... | objective : immunosenescence and cognitive decline are common markers of the aging process . taking into consideration the heterogeneity observed in aging processes and the recently described link between lymphocytes and cognition , we herein explored the possibility of an association between alterations in lymphocytic... |
patients with acute heart failure syndromes ( ahfs ) are usually admitted because of severe systemic congestion that frequently presents with dyspnea .
known as the hallmark of ahfs , congestion is mainly due to pulmonary venous hypertension ( world health organization type 2 ) .
this has ranged from < 2% to 7.7%... | impaired cardiac function leads to activation of the neurohumoral axis , sodium and water retention , congestion and ultimately impaired kidney function .
this sequence of events has been termed the cardiorenal syndrome .
this is different from the increase in cardiovascular complications which occur with primary k... |
however , liver , muscle , and adipose tissue are the most sensitive to the hormone , rendering it the most important anabolic hormone identified to date . in vertebrates
, this peptide belongs to a superfamily of structurally related proteins , the insulin - related family of substances , that includes insulin - lik... | insulin signaling in central nervous system ( cns ) has emerged as a novel field of research since decreased brain insulin levels and/or signaling were associated to impaired learning , memory , and age - related neurodegenerative diseases .
thus , besides its well - known role in longevity , insulin may constitute a... |
the recent re - discovery of human brown adipose tissue ( bat ) ( 14 ) has triggered intense scientific interest in the potential of this tissue as a target against obesity and its metabolic abnormalities .
numerous studies investigated the origin , plasticity , and metabolic characteristics of this tissue in animals... | brown adipose tissue ( bat ) has been proposed as a potential target tissue against obesity and its related metabolic complications . although the molecular and functional characteristics of bat have been intensively studied in rodents , only a small number of studies
have used human bat specimens due to the difficul... |
ureteropelvic junction ( upj ) obstruction has been classically treated through the standard open approach with outstanding results .
since anderson - hynes ( ah ) reported the first dismembered pyeloplasty , a great number of authors have published excellent results , with overall success rates of 90 - 100% .
thei... | objective : this prospective randomized study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of transmesocolic laparoscopic pyeloplasty ( tmp ) and compare it with retrocolic laparoscopic pyeloplasty ( rlp ) in pediatric and adolescent patients.materials and methods : between september 2006 to may 2012 , data of ... |
long - term oxygen therapy ( ltot ) is one of the main treatments for patients with stage iv chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and is associated with improved survival ( evidence a , according to the evidence level scheme employed in previous global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease reports... | purposelong - term oxygen therapy ( ltot ) is one of the main treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
patients receiving ltot may have less than optimal home conditions and this may interfere with treatment .
the objective of this study was , through home visits , to identify the charac... |
complex sphingolipids , including sphingomyelin ( sm ) and glycosphingolipids ( gsls ) , are essential components of intestinal membranes , providing protection and integrity to the mucosa and regulating intestinal digestion and absorption processes . as in other organs , in the intestine , simple sphingolipids / sphin... | complex sphingolipids are essential structural components of intestinal membranes , providing protection and integrity to the intestinal mucosa and regulating intestinal absorption processes .
the role of sphingolipid signaling has been established in numerous cellular events , including intestinal cell survival , gr... |
nephrotic syndrome ( ns ) is characterized by massive proteinuria , hypoalbuminemia , edema and hyperlipidemia with 2 - 3/100,000 annual incidences .
steroid has a main role in treatment , but patients who do not have appropriate response to steroid , have a greater chance to attain end stage renal disease ( esrd ) .... | background : nephrotic syndrome ( ns ) is a major clinical concern in human health , especially in children . despite of the etiology , the prediction of remission in different treatment regimens based on suitable biomarkers is under development .
the goal of this evaluation was the demonstration of correlation betwe... |
human saliva , a complex secretion that contains a mixture of inorganic and organic molecules , plays an essential role in the maintenance of oral health [ 13 ] .
the tooth surface is protected by a film of salivary mucins and proline - rich glycoprotein .
human saliva has been shown to contain at least 2 structura... | backgroundhuman saliva , a complex secretion that contains a mixture of inorganic and organic molecules , plays an essential role in the maintenance of oral health .
mucins are the major macromolecular component of the secretion and are considered the first line of defense for epithelial tissues .
the aim of this s... |
in spite of the various benefits provided by orthodontic treatment , the retentive
surfaces of the appliance make them difficult to clean and are directly responsible for
food and biofilm accumulation
. imbalances such as gingivitis , gingival hyperplasia and
caries may occur during orthodontic treatment , espe... | objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and fluoride releasing
capacity of 3 bonding materials.material and methodsthirty nine specimens with standardized surface smoothness and dimensions were
prepared .
the antimicrobial capacity of the materials against s. mutans ,
l. casei and c. al... |
the differential diagnosis of membrane thickening in renal biopsies includes primary and secondary membranous nephropathy ( mn ) , diabetic nephropathy and amyloidosis . of these , mn is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults accounting for 20 - 30% cases .
the diagnosis is based on clinical features a... | background : membranous nephropathy ( mn ) is the most common cause of nephropathy in adults . the diagnosis is based on characteristic light microscopic , electron microscope and immunofluorescence ( if ) findings . in early mn
, the light microscopic findings may be difficult to differentiate from minimal chain dis... |
after informed consent was given and under the institutional review board approval , human hcc and paired normal liver tissues were obtained immediately after surgery at the johns hopkins hospital ( baltimore , us ) , the 3rd affiliated hospital of sun yat - sen university ( guangzhou , china ) , fundeni clinical in... | to assess the potential competitive endogenous rna ( cerna ) network in hepatocellular cancer ( hcc ) , the lncrna , mrna , and microrna microarrays were conducted on 3 pairs of hcc and paired normal liver tissue . after that , the arrays were normalized and analyzed with gene oncology ( go ) and pathway analysis .
n... |
blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm ( bpdcn ) is a rare hematologic malignancy that typically involves the skin , lymph nodes , the peripheral blood and the bone marrow .
this tumor expresses cd4 and cd56 with no obvious evidence of b- or t - cell differentiation . since adachi et al .
( 1 ) first describe... | blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm ( bpdcn ) is a rare disease .
the prognosis is poor in most cases with rapid progression despite administering chemotherapy .
a 67-year - old man complained of skin rashes on his back and this spread to the trunk , face , arms and thighs , and he was initially diagnosed ... |
sporotrichosis is a chronic mycosis that affects skin and subcutaneous tissues , but it also can spread to other organs through the lymph vessels [ 14 ] .
it is acquired by traumatic implantation of the etiologic agent , the dimorphic fungus sporothrix schenckii .
the mycelial morphotype is found in soil , wood , a... | cell wall ( cw ) components of fungus sporothrix schenckii are the major inductors antigens of immune responses .
the immunodominant 60 kda glycoprotein ( gp60 ) has been shown to be associated with the virulence of this fungus but its role in experimental sporotrichosis is unknown . in this work
, the immunologic... |
sepsis is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( mods ) is common among critical cases of severe sepsis and a primary cause of death .
although mortality is rather variable around the world ( the rates between 20% and 63... | objective . to describe the dynamics changes of scd163 ,
soluble serum triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 ( strem-1 ) , procalcitonin ( pct ) , and c - reactive protein ( crp ) during the course of sepsis , as well as their outcome prediction .
patients and methods . an sirs group ( 30 cases ) and a s... |
membranes are integral
components of the cell , separating intracellular
compartments from the cytosol .
such membranes consist of a back - to - back
arrangement of lipid molecules , driven into a bilayer structure by
the hydrophobic effect , leaving the polar lipid head groups exposed
to water , and bringi... | the amber lipid force field has been
updated to create lipid14 ,
allowing tensionless simulation of a number of lipid types with the
amber md package .
the modular nature of this force field allows numerous
combinations of head and tail groups to create different lipid types ,
enabling the easy insertion of... |
studies have shown that most acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) result from the rupture of unstable plaques and subsequent thrombus formation ( 1 , 2 ) . the risk of atherosclerotic plaque disruption and thrombosis is thought to be closely related to plaque composition rather than the severity of an actual luminal stenos... | objectiveto optimize the mr imaging protocol for coronary arterial wall depiction in vitro and characterize the coronary atherosclerotic plaques.materials and methodsmri examination was prospectively performed in ten porcine hearts in order to optimize the mr imaging protocol .
various surface coils were used for cor... |
t cell development is unique among all hematopoietic lineages ; it requires a distinct organ , the thymus .
thymic epithelial cells ( tecs ) provide unique structural and functional niches , which allow for t cell lineage induction , somatic generation , and subsequent selection ( quality control ) of the nascent... | summarywithin the thymus , two major thymic epithelial cell ( tec ) subsets cortical and medullary tecs provide unique structural and functional niches for t cell development and establishment of central tolerance .
both lineages are believed to originate from a common progenitor cell , yet the cellular and molec... |
in a previous issue of critical care , prowle and colleagues describe the results of a cohort study in which incidence and attributable mortality of bloodstream infection ( bsi ) were investigated in university - affiliated hospitals .
the cohort included 6,339 patients with an icu stay > 72 hours , of which 330 deve... | mortality associated with nosocomial bloodstream infection is multifactorial .
source of infection , etiology , age , underlying disease , acute illness , and appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy all contribute to the final outcome .
as such , estimates of mortality attributable to bloodstream infection may dif... |
carcinoma of the gallbladder is more common in women and usually seen in patients older than 50 years of age .
it is more common in the white population than the black and in western countries than the mediterranean .
although areas of squamous differentiation is seen in adenocarcinoma , pure primary squamous cell ... | squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare and constitutes only 0.5 - 3% of all malignancies of this organ .
most of the reported cases have had a component of adenocarcinoma .
we report a 70-year - old man who presented with acute onset right upper quadrant pain .
he operated on based on a presumptive di... |
the three methods of assesing glycemic control , hba1c , smbg and cgms provide distinct information , yet complementary at the same time . hba1c does not equally reflect the glycemic values over the three months that forego its determination .
hba1c assesses the average glycemic exposure in time without being able to... | type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease and maintaining a tight glycemic control is essential to prevent both microvascular and macrovascular complications , as demonstrated in previous studies .
it is essential to monitor the glucose levels in order to achieve the targets .
the blood glucose monitoring can be done by... |
62.4 million indians were reported to have type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) putting india on the forefront of diabetic epidemic across globe .
fear of hypoglycaemia and gain in body weight are barriers for initiation of insulin therapy .
modern insulin analogues are a convenient new approach or tool to glycaemic ... | background : the a1chieve , a multicentric ( 28 countries ) , 24-week , non - interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir , biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with t2 dm ( n = 66,726 ) in routine clinical care across four continents.materials and methods : data was c... |
the absence of heart sounds on auscultation at the pre - cordial area , confusion during the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis , acute appendicitis and splenetic lesion on the basis of clinical examination raises the suspicion of one rare condition , the situs inversus totalis .
this rare condition is characterized by... | situs inversus totalis is a rare condition with a predicted incidence of one in 10,000 among the general population , the aetiologic factors for which are still not completely understood . in a patient with situs inversus totalis , not just the diagnosis of any acute abdomen pathology is difficult due to distorted anat... |
regulated centrosome biogenesis is required for accurate cell division and for maintaining genome integrity1 .
centrosomes consist of a centriole pair surrounded by a protein network known as pericentriolar material ( pcm)1 .
pcm assembly is a tightly regulated , critical step that determines a centrosome s size an... | |
the importance of selenium for the life of animals has been known since the 1950s , while the essentiality of this element for humans was revealed in 1970s with the discovery of its ability to prevent the keshan disease , first described in 1935 in china in a province of the same name .
subsequently , it was discover... | two flow methods , based , respectively , on flow - injection analysis ( fia ) and on multicommutated flow analysis ( mcfa ) , were compared with regard to their use for the determination of total selenium in infant formulas by hydride - generation atomic absorption spectrometry . the method based on multicommutation p... |
as part of ongoing surveillance , respiratory samples are routinely collected from patients seeking treatment with respiratory illness in clinics and hospitals of hong kong .
virus isolation is performed according to a standard protocol ( 3 ) . from january 2006 through june 2008 , a total of 827 influenza viruses ( ... | surveillance of amantadine and oseltamivir resistance among influenza viruses was begun in hong kong in 2006 . in 2008 , while both a / brisbane/59/2007-like and a / hong kong/2652/2006-like viruses ( h1n1 ) were cocirculating , we detected amantadine and oseltamivir resistance among a / hong kong/2652/2006-like viruse... |
brugada syndrome ( brs ) is recognized as an important cause of sudden cardiac death ( scd ) occurring in individuals at a relatively young age .
brs is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia condition , characterized by coved st elevation and j point elevation of at least 2 mm in at least two of the right precordial electr... | brugada syndrome is a rare channelopathy associated with the scn5a gene that causes fatal ventricular arrhythmias .
this case of brugada syndrome , in which ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) was provoked by high fever , is the first report in a korean child .
the boy had retinoblastoma of his left eye diagnosed at 16 ... |
urinary stones are rarely seen in the urethra and are usually encountered in men with urethral stricture or diverticulum .
urethral diverticula can present in many ways , including recurrent urinary tract infections ( utis ) , dysuria , increased urinary frequency , urgency , and hematuria .
in addition to causing ... | abstracturethral diverticula with calculi have a low incidence as reported in the literature .
diverticulum of female urethra is rare , often discovered due to associated complications .
we report a case of diverticulum of the female urethra containing giant calculi in a 62-year - old multiparous woman .
she cons... |
there is considerable
academic and commercial interest in the design
of biocompatible nonfouling surfaces for biological fluids , particularly
blood plasma and serum .
protein fouling can damage biomedical
devices , including coronary stents , ear
grommets , and guide wires ; it may also compromise the perf... | a new
cysteine - based methacrylic monomer ( cysma ) was conveniently
synthesized via selective thia - michael addition of a commercially
available methacrylate - acrylate precursor in aqueous solution without
recourse to protecting group chemistry .
poly(cysteine methacrylate )
( pcysma ) brushes were grow... |
we obtained genome - wide genotype data from which we constructed 49 ancestry matched , non - overlapping case - control samples ( 46 of european and three of east asian ancestry , 34,241 cases and 45,604 controls ) and 3 family - based samples of european ancestry ( 1,235 parent affected - offspring trios ) ( suppleme... | summaryschizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder .
genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles , including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome - wide association studies . here ,
we report a multi - stage schizophrenia genome - wide association study of up to 36,989 cases a... |
accidental ingestion of foreign bodies like coins , fish bones , plastic toy parts , batteries and needles are common in toddlers and pre - school children .
the battery cells are potentially hazardous as they cause chemical mucositis and because of their capability to generate electric current .
the mucosal damage... | a computer lithium battery cell was impacted in the cricopharynx of a 1 year and 9 month - old child .
the battery cell was safely removed with the pediatric flexible oesophagoscope under anesthesia without trauma to the surrounding structures .
the lithium battery cell is potentially dangerous due to its ability t... |
bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma ( aacg ) after general anesthesia with the administration of either antimuscurinic ( scopolamine and atropine ) or sympathomimetic ( ephedrine ) agents is a rarely reported event in the literature.14 other precipitating factors include aids , herpes zoster , myelodisplastic syndro... | to report a case of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma ( aacg ) that occurred after cervical spine surgery with the use of glycopyrolate . a 59-year - old male who presented with severe bilateral bifrontal headache and eye pain that started 12 h postextubation from a cervical spine surgery .
neostigmine 0.05 mg /... |
from august 1 to 31 , 2007 all patients scheduled for percutaneous rfa for treatment of hepatic cancer or metastases were recruited for this explorative prospective cohort study .
the investigative protocol was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from every patient before enro... | objectiveto investigate the effects of hepatic radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) in patients with malignant liver disease with respect to inflammation activation and stress response.materials and methodsin an observational trial , we investigated the physiologic parameters of 17 patients ( 20 interventions ) who underwen... |
overnight cultures of s. aureus newman and its ccpe deletion mutant ( ccpe ) were washed and diluted 100-fold in fresh tsb medium ( without glucose ) in a 20-ml tube with a tube volume - to - medium volume ratio of 5:1 and in triplicates .
the liquid culture was grown at 37 c for about 6 h ( od600 5.0 ) with ... | the transcriptional regulator ccpe is an important citrate - sensing regulator that modulates metabolic state , virulence factor expression , and bacterial virulence of staphylococcus aureus ( ding et al . , 2014 [ 1 ] ) .
in this article , we report detailed methods for genome - wide transcriptional profiling of ccp... |
the prospective mri part of the study was approved by the local ethics committee ( ea 1/054/09 ) .
patient 1 is a 62-year old man who was admitted in 2008 because of subacute onset diplopia , dysphagia , and balance problems ( table ) .
neurologic examination revealed gaze - evoked nystagmus , diplopia , limb and g... | objective : to examine if there is widespread inflammation in the brain of patients with chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids ( clippers ) syndrome by using histology and ultra - high - field mri at 7.0t.methods:we performed a detailed neuropathologic examination... |
in the lips assay , ia-2 ( amino acids 601979 ) was cloned into the pren2 mammalian expression vector downstream of the renilla luciferase ( ruc ) reporter ( 35 ) .
monkey kidney cells ( cos1 ) in a 100 mm dish were transfected , and 48 h later , the cells were sonicated , clarified by centrifugation , and the extrac... | objective insulinoma - associated protein 2 ( ia-2 ) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes , and ia-2 autoantibodies are routinely detected by a liquid - phase radioimmunoprecipitation assay .
the present experiments were initiated to develop a new assay that does not require the use of radioisotopes or autoanti... |
to facilitate sequencing of the rna genome of ebov , we developed and tested an approach based on reverse transcription pcr , in which whole virus genomes were amplified in overlapping fragments ( figure 1 , panels a , b ; technical appendix ) .
this approach was first validated in a regular laboratory setting in the... | rapid sequencing of rna / dna from pathogen samples obtained during disease outbreaks provides critical scientific and public health information .
however , challenges exist for exporting samples to laboratories or establishing conventional sequencers in remote outbreak regions .
we successfully used a novel , pock... |
wound infection could result in prolonged hospital stay , increased trauma care , and high treatment costs if not properly attended to .
gram - negative bacteria have been reported to be the major etiologies of wound infections.[13 ] extended - spectrum beta - lactamases ( esbl ) are -lactamases capable of conferring... | background : extended - spectrum beta - lactamase ( esbl)-producing gram - negative bacteria are emerging and impacting significantly on the management of patients and hospital costs . besides , they are not being routinely sought after in diagnostic laboratories thus contributing to treatment failure.materials and met... |
it was a prospective , non - randomized , interventional case - series study of patients with large macular holes .
all patients in the study had idiopathic large macular holes as determined by bio microscopy and optical coherence tomography ( oct ) imaging .
exclusion criteria were macular holes of < 700 m and mac... | we are presenting the initial results of inverted internal limiting membrane ( ilm ) flap technique for large macular hole .
five eyes of five patients with large diameter macular hole ( > 700 m ) were selected .
all patients underwent inverted ilm flap technique for macular hole .
anatomical closure and function... |
older adults are the chief users of emergency medical services ( ems ) , but we have paid little heed to understanding their special needs .
older patients use emergency services at higher rates , require more resources once in the emergency department ( ed ) and are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes ... | backgroundolder adults use more health - care services per capita than younger age groups and the older adult population varies greatly in its needs .
evidence suggests that there is a critical distinction between relative frailty and fitness in older adults . here
, we review how frailty is described in the pre - ... |
the ethical and research committee of al noor association for the blind approved this study . as case records
were reviewed without disclosing the identity of the participants , we did not obtain written consent of parents .
field investigators were optometrists and ophthalmologists trained in vision assessment and... | background : we assessed the visual functioning of the children with special needs in oman between 2009 and 2012 .
we present the methods of assessing different visual functions , outcomes , and interventions carried out to improve their functioning.methods:optometrists assessed visual functions of children of day c... |
we have recently demonstrated that the chronic inflammatory states of obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increase in the cellular expression and the plasma concentrations of mediators involved in the pathogenesis of asthma , consistent with the increase in the prevalence of asthma in these conditions . ... | background and hypothesis . following our recent demonstration
that the chronic inflammatory and insulin resistant state of obesity is associated with an increase in the expression of mediators known to contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and that weight loss after gastric bypass surgery results in the reduction... |
this review is a a series of the authors ' studies designed to test the hypothesis that administration of trichloroethylene ( tce ) , dichloroethylene ( dce ) , their metabolites , and related compounds are responsible for fetal cardiac teratogenesis when given to pregnant rats during organogenesis .
identification o... | |
benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most common diseases in men of middle age and over in korea .
its importance and frequency are rapidly increasing as the result of increases in the elderly population , increases in the accessibility of westernized diets , increases in desires for improvements in qua... | purposethis study was conducted to perform a comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( pvp ) for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) in men with a prostate volume greater than 60 cc.materials and methodsthe clinical data of 249 men with symptomatic bp... |
the current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma ( gbm ) remains surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide ( rt / tmz ) and then maintenance temozolomide for at least six months .
the addition of chemotherapy introduced new questions regarding biological response of the tum... | introduction .
the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of pseudoprogression in a cohort of glioblastoma ( gbm ) patients following radiotherapy / temozolomide ( rt / tmz ) by comparing macdonald criterial to response assessment in neuro - oncology ( rano ) criteria .
the impact on prognosis and surviva... |
see legend to figure 1 for methods summary ; full methods can be found in the supplementary information .
| transcription - coupled repair employs components of the transcription machinery to identify dna lesions and initiate their repair .
these repair pathways are complex so their mechanistic features remain poorly understood .
bacterial transcription - coupled repair is initiated when rna polymerase stalled at a dna l... |
a 44-year - old male was visited for back pain and mass around left buttock .
he had a medical history that included a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis , from which he had recovered completely 20 years previous .
he was under medication from a local clinic and pharmacy for 1 month prior to visiting the hospital ... | spontaneous rupture of colon cancer , combined with psoas abscess formation , is rare .
a 44-year - old male visited for back pain and left buttock mass .
abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance image revealed a large abscess in the left psoas muscle and in the left lower quadrant area .
ten days aft... |
ureteropelvic junction ( upj ) obstruction is the most common form of upper urinary tract obstruction in children .
the variations in renal arterial supply are best understood when embryology of the renal vasculature is considered .
multiple renal arteries have been reported to occur in approximately 30% of cases ,... | ureteropelvic junction obstruction is usually intrinsic and is most common in children .
aberrant renal arteries are present in about 30% of individuals .
aberrant renal arteries to the inferior pole cross anteriorly to the ureter and may cause hydronephrosis . to the best of our knowledge , although there are some... |
the
discovery of biomarkers useful for the early detection of epithelial
ovarian cancer ( eoc ) has been complicated by several factors : ( i )
there are different histological subtypes of eoc that have very unique
genetic alterations , ( ii ) the tissues and serum samples available
for biomarker discovery ar... | biomarkers capable of detecting and
targeting epithelial ovarian
cancer cells for diagnostics and therapeutics would be extremely valuable .
ovarian cancer is the deadliest reproductive malignancy among women
in the u.s .
, killing over 14 000 women each year .
both the
lack of presenting symptoms and hi... |
tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( tkis ) of epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) , including gefitinib and erlotinib , have considerably improved survival in non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) patients ( 1 , 2 ) .
the dramatic efficacies of egfr tkis have been noted in selected subgroups , including women , never... | most patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( tki)-sensitive non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) eventually develop acquired resistance to tkis .
factors that affect tki - sensitive patient survival after progression during tki treatment remain unknown .
we attempted to identify factors that affected post - pro... |
hamiltonian mapping demonstrates how the standard wham formalism can be modified and used to extrapolate information
about a biased hamiltonian from the unmodified reference hamiltonian , h0(x ) , where x represents the molecular coordinates .
wham is typically used along
with umbrella sampling , in which a set
... | molecular recognition by intrinsically
disordered proteins ( idps )
plays a central role in many critical cellular processes . toward achieving
detailed mechanistic understanding of idp target interactions ,
here
we employ the hamiltonian mapping
methodology ,
which is rooted in the weighted histogram a... |
, changes in oral cavity may lead to increased susceptibility to dental caries , periodontitis , xerostomia , and dental erosion , due to frequent vomiting during pregnancy .
periodontal infections have been considered as a risk factor for pre - term birth , low birth weight , infant mortality or growth delay .
pat... | objective : midwives may play an important role in oral health promotion of pregnant women , whom they are in close contact with . our aim was to evaluate an educational intervention on the oral health attitude and practices among the junior midwifery students of tehran university of medical sciences in 2010.materials ... |
with the rapid development of magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) technology such as improved mri gradient performance , multichannel surface receiver coils , and parallel imaging techniques , functional mri technology has brought revolutionary progress in the diagnosis and study of diseases .
diffusion - weight imagi... | backgroundthis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the d value , d * value , and f magnitude for identifying benign and malignant hepatic tumors using intravoxel incoherent motion ( ivim ) diffusion - weighted imaging ( dwi).material / methodsdata of 89 cases ( 123 lesions ) with hepatic tumor confirmed by ... |
hepatocellular adenoma ( hca ) is an uncommon benign liver tumor , constituting 2% of all liver neoplasms.1 it is known to occur mainly in women with a history of oral contraceptive use.2 although a rare occurrence , hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) can arise from hca.3 recent studies have revealed that -catenin mutati... | hepatocellular adenoma ( hca ) is an uncommon benign hepatic tumor , and the use of oral contraceptives is known to contribute to the development of hca .
recently , a genotype and phenotype classification system for hca was suggested , and malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) was shown to be ... |
di(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( dehp ) produced seminiferous tubular atrophy and reductions in seminal vesicle and prostate weight in 4-week - old , but not in 15-week - old rats .
di - n - pentyl phthalate ( dpp ) did produce atrophy in the older rats but this developed more slowly than in young animals .
coadminist... | |
only species ( and subspecies ) for which complete mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences are available ( as of 1 march 2011 ) ( based on genbank 's entrez organelle genome database : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genome ) were included in the mtpt / ptmt analyses .
this is because organelle genomes... | mitochondrial genomes often contain large amounts of plastid dna ( ptdna)-derived sequences ( mtpts ) .
it has been suggested that the intercompartmental transfer of ptdna is greatly reduced in species with only a single plastid per cell ( monoplastidic ) as compared with those with many plastids per cell ( polyplast... |
in order to visualize -synuclein fibrils using dstorm , we prepared separate batches of covalently labeled
cysteine
variants ( n122c ) of the protein with alexa fluor 647 ( af647 ) and with
alexa fluor 568 ( af568 ) dyes ( invitrogen , carlsbad , ca , u.s.a . ) ( see
materials and methods in supporting informat... | the
self - assembly of normally soluble proteins into fibrillar amyloid
structures is associated with a range of neurodegenerative disorders ,
such as parkinson s and alzheimer s diseases . in the
present study
, we show that specific events in the kinetics of the
complex , multistep aggregation process of ... |
liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma ( crc ) commonly form nodular lesions in the liver
parenchyma .
however , there
have been reports of unusual cases of metastatic liver tumors from crc that predominantly
extend along the intrahepatic bile duct .
such unusual tumors generally mimic intrahepatic
chol... | liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma commonly form nodular lesions in the liver
parenchyma .
we report a case of liver metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma that extended
predominantly into the bile duct .
a 62-year - old japanese man underwent low anterior
resection for rectal adenocarcinoma 9 years ag... |
toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) recognize conserved pathogen - associated molecular patterns ( pamps ) of bacteria , viruses , yeast , fungi , and parasites .
at least 13 tlr genes exist in mammals , and functional ligands have been identified .
tlrs 19 are expressed in both mice and humans , whereas tlrs 1013 are e... | toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) are known to be expressed by innate immune response cells and to play a critical role in their activation against foreign pathogens .
it was recently suggested that tlrs have an important role in the crosstalk between neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system ( cns ) .
tlr... |
recently , the cesarean delivery rate has been reported to be steadily increased in the united states [ 13 ] .
approximately , one - third of births in the united states are now via cesarean delivery .
the increase has been observed to be among women of all ages and race / ethnicities , in every state , and across ... | objective .
we examined which specific factors contributed to the increase in cesarean delivery rate at our hospital over a 10-year period .
methods . from january 2002 to december 2012 , data on the japanese singleton deliveries at 22-week gestation managed at japanese red cross katsushika maternity hospital were ... |
neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer s , huntington s , and parkinson s are globally prevalent disorders that result in region specific neuronal loss and consequent movement and behavioral disorders .
dysfunction of learning and memory is one of the most prominent symptoms of alzheimer s and parkinson s disea... | background : the induction of brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( bdnf ) expression in the hippocampus has shown to play a role in the beneficial effects of resveratrol ( rsv ) on the learning and memory . the bdnf gene has a complicated structure with eight 5 noncoding exons ( i - ixa ) , each of which can splice to... |
walking disorders , which constitute one of the major problems in hemiplegic patients , are a
result of weakness of the affected side of the body1 and the relatively posterior location of the center of gravity ,
which limits their movements and reduces the risk of falls2 .
treadmill walking is well known as an ef... | [ purpose ] this study investigated the effects of underwater treadmill walking training on
the peak torque of the knee in hemiplegic patients . [ subjects and methods ] thirty - two
subjects , who were randomly allocated to an experimental group ( n=16 ) and
a control group ( n=16 ) , performed underwater treadm... |
the coexistence of anxiety and depression with medical illness is a topic of considerable clinical and research interest .
depression is a serious mental health problem , with significant consequences in terms of human suffering , lost productivity , and even loss of life .
corticotropin - releasing factor 1 ( crf ... | pharmacophore modelling - based virtual screening of compound is a ligand - based approach and is useful when the 3d structure of target is not available but a few known active compounds are known .
pharmacophore mapping studies were undertaken for a set of 50 n3-phenylpyrazinones possessing corticotropin - releasin... |
regional differences in the hiv burden exist in nigeria.1 the anc hiv sentinel survey of pregnant women in antenatal care in nigeria revealed that benue state , located in the north central region , has the highest human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) prevalence rates
10% in 2005 , 10.6% in 2008 , and 12.7% in 2010.1... | backgroundundernutrition is common in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection and it contributes significantly to its morbidity and mortality .
however , as far as we are aware , few studies have described the risk factors of undernutrition among hiv - infected nigerian children .
the study reported here aim... |
the mental foramen ( mf ) is situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible .
variations of the mental foramen are often encountered ranging from difference in shape and positions [ 46 ] to presence of accessory foramen or even complete absence in some cases [ 8 , 9 ] .
knowledge of its position , s... | background .
as the mental foramen ( mf ) is an important landmark to facilitate surgical , local anesthetic , and other invasive procedures , the present study was aimed to elucidate its morphological features and morphometric parameters with reference to surrounding landmarks .
material and method .
105 dry adu... |
peripheral facial nerve palsy ( fnp ) can result from idiopathic ( primary ) or detectable ( secondary ) causes .
secondary causes include systemic viral or other infections , trauma , ischemia , tumor , and extrinsic compression.1 however , secondary fnp by external compression has rarely been reported.2,3,4,5 thera... | peripheral facial nerve palsy ( fnp ) is a mononeuropathy that affects the peripheral part of the facial nerve .
primary causes of peripheral fnp remain largely unknown , but detectable causes include systemic infections ( viral and others ) , trauma , ischemia , tumor , and extrinsic compression .
peripheral fnp i... |
that the addition of this highly conserved 76amino acid moiety can result in such a range of outcomes is , in part , a result of the variety of ways ubiquitin can be covalently attached to the substrate protein .
ubiquitylation is the formation of an isopeptide bond between a substrate lysine and the cooh group of th... | ubiquitylation is a key regulator of protein trafficking , and much about the functions of ubiquitin ligases , which add ubiquitin to substrates in this regulation , has recently come to light .
however , a clear understanding of ubiquitin - dependent protein localization can not be achieved without knowledge of the ... |
aplasia cutis is a condition in which localized or generalized areas of skin are absent at birth .
bullous aplasia cutis congenita is a subtype rarely seen in its initial form ; in most cases , it is found as a flat scar once the bullae have already reabsorbed . in some cases , there is underlying neural tube defects... | aplasia cutis congenita is a rare condition characterized by the absence of skin and sometimes other underlying structures such as bone or dura .
it can be a part of various syndromes and can be associated with multiple genetic diseases , malformation patterns , or a combination of all .
it is even considered as a ... |
experimental material and reagents : sulphachloropyrazine - diaveridine
( spz - dvd ) suspension , 20.0% spz with 4.0% dvd , was jointly developed by nanjing animal
husbandry pharmaceutical co. , ltd .
the standard spz of chemical pure was purchased from china institute of veterinary
drugs control ( beijing , c... | diaveridine ( dvd ) is used in combination with sulphachloropyrazine ( spz ) as an effective
antibacterial agent and antiprotozoal agent , respectively , in humans and animals . to gain
a better understanding of the metabolism of spz and dvd in the food - producing animals , a
high performance liquid chromatograp... |
optic disc pits ( odps ) are congenital anomalies of the optic nerve head , first described by wiethe1 in 1882 as black cavities on the optic nerve head observed in one eye of a 62-year - old woman .
the prevalence of odp is estimated to be one in every 11,000 patients.2,3 in about 70% of cases , the odps are located... | purposeto evaluate the anatomical and functional results obtained with pars plana vitrectomy ( ppv ) plus autologous platelet concentrate ( apc ) as a treatment for macular detachment associated with optic disc pit ( odp).methodswe performed a prospective interventional study of 19 eyes of 19 consecutive patients with ... |
local inflammatory response in the surgical wound observed in the early postoperative period is associated mainly with the activation of innate immune mechanisms the influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the wound and the production of cytokines and chemokines .
local production of proinflammatory mediators incre... | surgical trauma affects both the innate and acquired immunity .
the severity of immune disorders is proportional to the extent of surgical trauma and depends on a number of factors , including primarily the basic disease requiring surgical treatment ( e.g. cancer ) , often coexisting infections and impaired nutrition... |
substantial surgical skills are required to perform an arthroscopic procedure without risking iatrogenic injury of articular cartilage and within the routine time scheduled for the operation [ 16 , 17 , 20 , 23 ] .
learning arthroscopic skills takes considerable time and implicates an increased risk of surgical er... | backgroundsome commercial simulators are available for training basic arthroscopic skills .
however , it is unclear if these simulators allow training for their intended purposes and whether the perception of usefulness relates to level of experience.questions/purposeswe addressed the following questions : ( 1 ) do c... |
the osseointegration cascade begins immediately after the implant is placed in the bone , where the blood contiguously interacts with the implant surface .
irrespective of the biomaterial , surface topography , or wettability status of the surface , the initial contact with blood will rapidly attract proteins , which... | aim . this study aimed to observe the morphological and molecular effect of laminin-1 doping to nanostructured implant surfaces in a rabbit model .
materials and methods .
nanostructured implants were coated with laminin-1 ( test ; dilution , 100 g / ml ) and inserted into the rabbit tibiae .
noncoated implants ... |
ligand
affinity screening by nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) spectroscopy
is a versatile method routinely used to support drug discovery and
functional proteomics research .
the real power of nmr ligand affinity
screens arises from its ability to directly detect protein
the
most common nmr screening ap... | nmr ligand affinity screening is
a powerful technique that is routinely
used in drug discovery or functional genomics to directly detect protein
ligand
binding events .
binding events can be identified by monitoring differences
in the 1d 1h nmr spectrum of a compound with and without
protein .
although ... |
blood is the specimen of choice for obtaining genomic dna for most large scale epidemiological studies [ 1 , 2 ] .
however , such studies might need alternative sources when study subjects are reluctant to provide a blood sample or when only a self - administered collection protocol is logistically or economically fe... | buccal cells are an important source of dna in epidemiological studies , but little is known about factors that influence amount and purity of dna .
we assessed these factors in a self - administered buccal cell collection procedure , obtained with three cotton swabs . in 2,451
patients dna yield and in 1,033 patie... |
inactivation of the mouse polh gene was performed by a conditional knock - out strategy that introduces loxp sites flanking exon 4 , an exon containing the de polymerase motifs conserved in all y - family polymerases and indispensable for pol catalytic function ( fig . 1 and references 15 , 24 ) .
this strategy was d... | the mutation pattern of immunoglobulin genes was studied in mice deficient for dna polymerase , a translesional polymerase whose inactivation is responsible for the xeroderma pigmentosum variant ( xp - v ) syndrome in humans .
mutations show an 85% g / c biased pattern , similar to that reported for xp - v patients ... |
diabetes is the fifth common cause of death due to diseases in the united states and is considered as the fourth cause of referring to physicians .
diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia with metabolic disturbances as a result of defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or bot... | background : diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its subsequent complications such as retinopathy , nephropathy , ulcers , disability , and amputation increase the burden of the disease .
patient knowledge - improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the quality of life of... |
in 2014 , the average maternal age was 31 years , and the fertility rate was estimated at 1.4 children per woman1 , 2 , 3 . in fighting a declining birth rates and aging population , more women are expected to enter the workforce to support financial infrastructure of japan .
however , older maternal age and subseque... | this study aimed to examine the effects of parity and pre - pregnancy body mass index ( bmi ) on low birth weight ( lbw ) infants among japanese women .
participants included 1,518 mothers ( mean age 34.0 years ) of singleton full - term infants in 2011 .
the incidence of lbw infants was 7.5% in primiparous women w... |
viruses : the following h5n1 hpaiv strains were used :
chicken / yamaguchi/7/04 and
chicken / miyazaki / k11/07 , provided by the
national institute of animal health ( niah ; tsukuba , japan ) ; chicken / vn - ht/33/2003 , molly
duck / vn - hn/77/07 and chicken / vn - ht/30/10 , provided by the national insti... | viral neuraminidase inhibitors are widely used as synthetic anti - influenza drugs for the
prevention and treatment of influenza . however , drug - resistant influenza a virus variants ,
including h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses ( hpaivs ) , have been reported .
therefore , the discovery of novel a... |
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